Daphné Verdelet Petiole Length - Maximum PETLENMAX GRIN Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Mean Root Width RWIDT Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA CotylSrf Cotyledon Surface Area (At 110°Cd) Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOBLLEG 9 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) Daphné Verdelet Manganese Deficiency Florimond Desprez MAGNE Root Aphids GRIN Daphné Verdelet ROOTAPHIDS Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Lenght 3d PeriLength3d_STD GEVES/INRA All older and younger leaves wilting or dead (Infection 100%) 9 semi-prostrate 7 Florimond Desprez LE/WI Daphné Verdelet Leaf blade : Ratio Length / Width Seed Coat SpDiameter mm GEVES Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatSpDiameter REFLAIloss Institut Technique de la Betterave Loss of leaves due to Water stress Daphné Verdelet 9 bracts to the top Daphné Verdelet WGTPORN Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Proportion Of Root Neck Immune 0 Daphné Verdelet Wireworms counting WIWOCO Institut Technique de la Betterave BSI M Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Beet Size Mean Institut Technique de la Betterave SOIHUM Daphné Verdelet Soil Humidity 5 Orange Florimond Desprez BETAN Daphné Verdelet Betaine NIR SPNBPLDESMILL Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Millipede Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Immune 0 Red 4 SBRM SugarBeet Root Maggot - Tetanops myopaeformis Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Volume Daphné Verdelet EmbVol_STD GEVES 1 very resistant 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Persiperm Width 3d PeriWidth3d ROOTSHAPE Root Shape Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOTHR Summer Number Of Thrips On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave 1 very resistant 3 intermediate 1 Very weak vigor SPNBPLDESSLUG Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Slug Daphné Verdelet 11 - 13 cm 4 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 9 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA SeedCoatWidth3d_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Width 3d Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYCENTI Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Centipede Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave FCOVERAUPC Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Area Under Progress Curve Of FCOVER Over Time DeltaTempHyp Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Hypocotyl Temperature Delta GEVES Daphné Verdelet HGerm Hour of germination at 10°C 5 Purple Daphné Verdelet FROST Frozen Beets Florimond Desprez Seed Spacing SEEDSP Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Fusarium Fusarium Yellows – Fusarium Oxysporum & Secorum Daphné Verdelet FUSA GRIN/Florimond Desprez GEVES/INRA Seed Size Grade Daphné Verdelet SeedGrade Standard Deviation Embryo Sphericity index EmbSphericity_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Medium 5 LEAFHAIR Leaf Hairiness GRIN Daphné Verdelet No symptom (Infection 0%) 1 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms SPNBPLSYPYBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Nirs - Dry Matter Of Beets Daphné Verdelet NIBDM Daphné Verdelet Embryo Shape VA3d EmbShapeVA3d GEVES Stem Number Daphné Verdelet StemNb International Data Base for Beta Florimond Desprez RLS Daphné Verdelet Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) - Ramularia beticola Florimond Desprez Violet Root Rot (VRR) – Helicobasidium Purpureum Daphné Verdelet VRR YLS Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Yellow Leaf Spot (YLS) – Stemphylium beticola More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 5 NUMB. Number Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Mg Florimond Desprez Magnesium Deficiency Florimond Desprez Length Leaf Stalk Daphné Verdelet L STA wounded 2 Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta FlorweringTime Flowering Time 5 Very strong Gen Ap GRIN Daphné Verdelet CLUSTERFAS Cluster Fasciation CotylFnlLg Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Cotyledon Final Length (At 110°Cd) TECHLGT Technical Length Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) - 80% dead plants 7 Daphné Verdelet Virtual Seed Size Grade GEVES/INRA VirtualSeedGrade HYPGR Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Florimond Desprez Florimond Desprez Sclerotium rolfsii Daphné Verdelet SCLE BOLT/ Florimond Desprez Nb Of Bolters/Nb Of Beets Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez RND M Daphné Verdelet Beet Roundness Mean Florimond Desprez Width Leaf Blade Daphné Verdelet WIBLA 3 resistant DAMP Damping-off complex Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) CLBEDIAM Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Maximum Beet Diameter Class 9 All plants have yellow leaves, none have green leaves _ Plot colour dominantly yellow (Infection 100%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Noctuid Moth Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTONOMO Lab- Sugar Content Of Beets Mush Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet LABSC Slight infection - Plot still looks green as dominant colour (>10% plants with clear yellow symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 8 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Younger leaves wilting)(Infection 80%) GEVES SeedCoatShapeVA3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Shape VA3d Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Crane-Fly Symptoms SPNBPLSYCF Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By White Grub SPNBPLDESWHGR Institut Technique de la Betterave Spots on one or two leaves (around 25-50 spots)(Infection 2%) 2 Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet CRR Seed Coat Maximum Thickness SeedCoatMaxThickness Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched SeedCoatWidth3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Seed Coat Width 3d totally touched leaf 10 Daphné Verdelet Dry Matter Content NIR DMNIR Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA SeedCoatSurfArea Seed Coat Surface Area Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOSLUG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Slug Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave 10 totally touched leaf Almost no infection (few plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) 2 Curly Top Curly Top Virus Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez CTOP WGHBSR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal SeedMaturity International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Seed Maturity 5 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet WHITE Number Of White Beets LABNA mM Na Lab - Sodium Content Of Beet Mush Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 6 narrow obtriangular Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Institut Technique de la Betterave FELECLS Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOLEH Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Leaf Hoppers Florimond Desprez GR/HA Daphné Verdelet Gross Weight/T Per Ha SUMNBCONOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Noctuid Moth Caterpillars On Plants Daphné Verdelet LANILE Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Lab - Nitrogen Quantity In Leaf EmbSpDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES Standard Deviation Embryo SpDiameter mm Standard Deviation Seed Coat Volume GEVES Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatVol_STD PerispSpDiameter Perisperm SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet GEVES Blistering Florimond Desprez BLIST Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Leaf Dry Matter Content LeafDryMat International Data Base for Beta GEVES/INRA EmbEqDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Equivalent Diameter No infection (100% plant stand) 1 7 dark More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 5 Mean Root Length Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet RLEN Betaine HPLC Florimond Desprez BETAH Daphné Verdelet GEVES Daphné Verdelet EmbSpDiameter Embryo SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Lab - Chlorophyll Quantity In Leaf = CHLO1 LACHLOROLE Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez PM Audpc PMAUDPC Daphné Verdelet BRANC Branched Beet Florimond Desprez 9 higly susceptible Daphné Verdelet LeafFreshMat International Data Base for Beta Leaf Fresh Matter Yield Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet BACO Black Aphid Counting Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet NILAI Nirs Leaf Area Index Daphné Verdelet SeedVol GEVES/INRA Seed Volume Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) 8 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Damage By Phytoproducts PHYTO 2 Single plants with slight yellowing (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves (>20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) No Symptoms - Majority of plants with Score = 1 1 EGermRt GEVES Daphné Verdelet Early germination rate Bolters Total Number TOT. Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 6 Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) 9 International Data Base for Beta BractDistrib Bract Distribution Daphné Verdelet tolerant 4 3 Circular 9 very much Florimond Desprez FRT M Daphné Verdelet French Top Mean White 1 FCOVER Institut Technique de la Betterave Green Vegetation Cover Over An Area Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPRPOP Spring Population Leaf Undulation Florimond Desprez L UND Daphné Verdelet A few yellow spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) 3 Drought Stress Florimond Desprez DROU Daphné Verdelet Fodder_beet ontology Sugar_beet ontology Daphné Verdelet FLoweringStart International Data Base for Beta Flowering Start 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 GEVES/INRA Embryo Lenght 3d EmbLength3d Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) Audpc Daphné Verdelet RLSAUDPC Seed Coat Flatness Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatFlatness GEVES/INRA GRIN Daphné Verdelet Life form (ie life cycle) LIFEFORM Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Moth On Plants Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Pygmy Beetle SPNBPLDESPYBE Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 Elliptic 2 Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Striped Flea Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOSFB Daphné Verdelet GRIN Root Maggot Daphné Verdelet ROOTMAGGOT Synchronous 1 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Slug Symptoms SPNBPLSYSLUG 6 Intermediate infection (± 40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 8 a few plants still standing, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) Daphné Verdelet GACO Green Apterous Aphid Counting Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GEVES EmbShapeVA3d_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Shape VA3d Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) Audpc Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez CLSAUDPC Intermediate to severe infection (± 60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) 7 PeriEqDiameter Perisperm Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Germinating Power GEPOW Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spots on nearly all leaves (Infection 10%) 4 GRIN ROOTAPHID Daphné Verdelet Root Aphids [1-4] PeriWidth3d_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Persiperm Width 3d 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 5 medium First large brown necrotic spots, spots on one or two leaves (Infection 20%) 5 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 Dry Matter Content Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet % DM very resistant 1 GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatEqDiameter_STD 4 Mixed leaf from regrowth 11 healthy 0 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet THE M Top Height Mean GERM Germity Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOMILL Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Millipede Symptoms Standard Deviation Perisperm Shape VA3d PerispShapeVA3d_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 PerispShapeVA3d Perisperm Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES GEVES PerispSurfArea_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm Surface Area Daphné Verdelet white 1 Beet Chlorosis Virus Florimond Desprez BChV Daphné Verdelet A few spots in the plot (Infection 2%) 2 Broad elliptic 4 9 irregular R COL Daphné Verdelet Root Color Florimond Desprez 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) Daphné Verdelet FLESHCOLOR Flesh Color GRIN 8 Light pink Beet Stem Nematode – Ditylenchus Dipsaci Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BSN Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYGAME Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Game Symptoms Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Embryo Feret Shape 3d EmbFeretShape3d SPSRH Absent/Present Beets Having Rhizopus Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Ground Cover Rate GC Institut Technique de la Betterave Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Mild Yellowing Luteovirus Daphné Verdelet SPTBMYV SPNBPLDESSTNEM Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Stem Nematode Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave GRIN Daphné Verdelet Petiole Width - Minimum PETWIDMIN Seed Coat Rugosity index SeedCoatRugosity Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds TWIN Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Florimond Desprez NEST Daphné Verdelet Nest Of Cercospora Only a few green leaves - Plot looks dominantly yellow (>80% plants with symptoms)(Infection 80%) 8 5 13 - 15 cm Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) 4 2 A single plant shows yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a single yellow plant (Infection 2%) 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 1 very resistant BolStart International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Bolting Start no nymphs or adults present 1 Pink 2 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With White Grub Symptoms SPNBPLSYWHGR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 9 No plant left (± 0% plant stand) - 100% dead plants 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) GEVES/INRA SeedCoatFlatness_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Flatness Daphné Verdelet 3 circular Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA MGT Mean Germination Time Beet Weight Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave BEWGT Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 3 bolting 8 Only the center few whorls of leaves green and alive - Majority of plants with Score = 8 PerispVol Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Perisperm Volume Ploidy Daphné Verdelet GRIN PLOI TWI M Tip Width Mean Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 medium 5 9 higly susceptible GEVES/INRA EmbWidth3d Embryo Width 3d Daphné Verdelet totally touched leaf 10 Net Weight/Plot Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet KG/PL Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet G Fructose + Glucose % SUG Empty Space Volume EmptyVolume Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Noctuid Moth SPNBPLDESNOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust FELESBR First leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) 7 HYPOCOTYL GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Hypocotyl Color 5 inflorescence half way up Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Striped Flea Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESFLBE Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA PeriSphericity_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm Sphericity index Slight to intermediate infection (± 20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 5 Perisperm Sphericity index PeriSphericity Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 7 Non-swollen GEVES/INRA SeedCoatThick Mean Seed Coat Thickness Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Centipede SPNBPLDESCENTI GRIN/Florimond Desprez Beet Cyst Nematode Heterodera Schachtii Beet Cyst Nematode (Bcn) – Heterodera Schachtii BCN Daphné Verdelet BWIDH Florimond Desprez Beet Width Half Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTONOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plant With Perforated Leaves Due To Noctuid Moth Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Number Of Red Beets RED Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal WGHASR Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 Bolters Counting Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BOLC Seedling Betacyanin Content SeedlingBcyanin Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Institut Technique de la Betterave GRAVPM Daphné Verdelet Powdery Mildew Gravity 4 nymphs present, mant adults present Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Length Leaf Blade L BLA Daphné Verdelet HeatTol_E INRA High Temperatures Suceptibility Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity GRAVCLS RhizoYellow Rhizomania Yellowing GRIN Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA RadSpd Radicle Lengthening Speed (Root = 20 Mm) 1 untopped with petioles longer than 2 cm Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity GRAVRLS More than 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) 7 very hard 9 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Millipede Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYMILL Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHROBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet White Sugar Yield W&K WSY Florimond Desprez 6 All plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 40%) 5 Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) ENDUSE GRIN Daphné Verdelet End Use 5 Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) Weight Of Beets After Sorting WGHASO Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave higly susceptible 9 GRIN/Florimond Desprez Leaf Position LPOSI Daphné Verdelet 1 No infection (100% plant stand) Summer Number Of Spider Mites On Plants SUMNBCOSPMI Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet TOPQUAL Topping Quality Leaf Betacyanin Pattern LeafBcyanin Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Abnormal seed Abnormal seed Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA RUSTAUDPC Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Rust AUDPC Immune 0 2 almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) - 10% dead plants SPNBPLSYVOLE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Vole Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Blinkers Florimond Desprez BLINK Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter SeedCoatEqDiameter Daphné Verdelet Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 Red 4 Leaf vegetable 1 Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA SeedCoatMaxThickness_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Maximum Thickness Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYFLBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) 5 intermediate Stand Homogeneity Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet STAND Daphné Verdelet MITOPBE Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Institut Technique de la Betterave Multigerm seed Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Multigermicity GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet PeriLength3d Perisperm Lenght 3d 3 Twins 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) TODIAM Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Beet Top Diameter 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 Increasing number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>40% plants with symptoms)(Infection 40%) Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 GEVES/INRA Radicle Temperature Delta DeltaTempRad Daphné Verdelet Erwinia Rot Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez Erwinia Rot – Erwinia Betavasculorum ERW Root Rot Erwinia Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 3 Leaf Color Daphné Verdelet L COL Florimond Desprez Area Under Progress Curve Of Chlorophyll Over Time Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave CABAUPC 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) Top Thickness Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet TOTHI 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) EARLY Daphné Verdelet Early Vigor Florimond Desprez Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet G Fructose %FRUC Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet DM/HA Dry Matter Yield 5 > 8 cm SUMNBPLTOCRMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Plant With Eroded Intern Crown - Moth Daphné Verdelet Slight infection (± 10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Leaf Tunnels Due To Moth SUMNBPLTOLEMO Standard Deviation Empty Space Volume Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmptyVolume_STD Rotten Net Gravity RONETGRAV Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 DBFEMER Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Double Plant At Field Emergence Width Leaf Stalk WISTA Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Time To Reach X% Of Germination GEVES/INRA Tx% 2 Indeterminate Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOPYBE 6 Distinct large brown necrotic sppots on most leaves + start coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 angled topped BEDAMA Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Type Of Root Damage Daphné Verdelet LHEIG Florimond Desprez Leaf Height 7 Large number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>60% plants with symptoms)(Infection 60%) Orange 3 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Rust – Uromyces Betae RUST LABGLC Lab - Glucose Content Of Beet Mush Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet resistant 3 0 no leaf yellowing Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Due To Heterodera Schachtii Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPSHS 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) Daphné Verdelet Area Under Progress Curve Of LAI Over Time Institut Technique de la Betterave LAIAUPC 9 No plant left (0% plant stand) Immune 0 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet FIEMERQUAL Field Emergence Quality 5 intermediate Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet FELERLS Glabrous - hairs completely absent 0 Daphné Verdelet GEVES EmbSurfArea_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Surface Area Beet Yellows Virus BYV Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets Before Washing WGHBWA TYPE Type Of Beet GRIN Daphné Verdelet strong damages 4 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 All plants are covered with light white mycellum (Infection 60%) 7 CLS Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) - Cercospora Beticola GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet intermediate 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) DEADP Daphné Verdelet Dead Plants Florimond Desprez ORANG Number Of Orange Beets Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 4 < 10% flower GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Perisperm Equivalent Diameter PeriEqDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Aphanomyces cochlioides - Foliar Ratings ARF Summer Number Of Blate Pits Due To Mangold Fly SUMNBPLTOMF Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 Daphné Verdelet PSEU Pseudomonas aptata Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet WGHAWA Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets After Washing Slugs Counting Before Sowing Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SLCOBSO 3 several plants left (± 80% plant stand) - 20% dead plants Petiole Width - Maximum PETWIDMAX GRIN Daphné Verdelet 4 - 6 cm 3 Daphné Verdelet EmbSphericity GEVES/INRA Embryo Sphericity index WHIL Wilting Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet LABK Lab - Potassium Content Of Beet Brei sample Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet mM K SPNBPLDESGAME Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Game Daphné Verdelet SeedShattering International Data Base for Beta Seed Shattering 4 homogeneous 2 Root vegetable Black Root – Aphanomyces Cochlioides Aphanomyces Root Rot (Arr) – Aphanomyces Cochlioides Daphné Verdelet ARR GRIN/Florimond Desprez Severe infection: few plants surviving, others dead (± 80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) 8 1 Plants only have green leaves - Plot looks 100% green (Infection 0%) 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) K + Na Florimond Desprez KNa Daphné Verdelet Cuticle Thickness GRIN Daphné Verdelet CUTICLE YELNB Daphné Verdelet Number Of Yellow Beets Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Bigerme In Seeds BIGER Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Dry Matter Yield NIR DMNHA Florimond Desprez GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Embryo Feret Shape 3d EmbFeretShape3d_STD Daphné Verdelet low 3 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed (Old leaves starting wilting)(Infection 60%) Ring Color Daphné Verdelet RINGCOLOR GRIN VERT Florimond Desprez Verticillium Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With White Grub Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOWHGR Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOCENTI Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Centipede Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Beet Leaf Bug On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOBLB Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHBSO Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets Before Sorting 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) Florimond Desprez Smoothness Score Mean Daphné Verdelet SMO M GEVES Daphné Verdelet Radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C RadLg Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Leaf Regrowth REGRO 5 Intermediate number of yellowing plants - Plot looks slightly yellow (>20% plants with symptoms)(Infection 20%) 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Germination Final Rate GermFnlRt Daphné Verdelet EmbSurfArea Embryo Surface Area GEVES/INRA undertopped with petioles shorter than or equal to 2 cm 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 Daphné Verdelet RPOSI Beet Position In Soil OCVV/International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Crane-Fly Symptoms SPNBPLTOCF Institut Technique de la Betterave Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez LABAN Daphné Verdelet Lab - Amino Nitrogen Content Of Beet Mush mM N POP Number of Plant / Parcel Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (around 75-100 spots)(Infection 5%) No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 1 No infection (100% plant stand) SugarBeet Root Aphid - Phemphigus betae Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez SBRA GEVES/INRA Seedling Growth Base Temperature Tb Seedling Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Cotyledon Temperature Delta DeltaTempCot Florimond Desprez %IS K Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Invert Sugar Kit 3 2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface]]> PerispSpDiameter_STD GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm SpDiameter mm Yellow 3 MFCO Mangod Fly (Pegomyia betae) Blate Pits And Maggot Counting Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched weak deficiency 4 medium 5 GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Surface Area SeedCoatSurfArea_STD 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 intermdiate 5 8 A few plants still standinf, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) T/HA Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Net Weight/Ha Strong 7 6 Narrow triangular Florimond Desprez % S Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Sugar BWIDM Daphné Verdelet Beet Width Max Florimond Desprez Florimond Desprez Gross Weight/Plot Daphné Verdelet GR/PL Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 BeetShape Beet Shape International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet 2 2 or more colonies, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface GEVES/INRA Hypocotyl Lengthening Speed (Hyp = 25 Mm) HypSpd Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Institut Technique de la Betterave FEROBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOTHR Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Thrips 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched 9 No plant left (0% plant stand) Daphné Verdelet EmbVol GEVES/INRA Embryo Volume Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 3 resistant No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 1 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 0 no aphid colonies nor wax present SPNBPLSYSTNEM Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Stem Nematode Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) - 50% dead plants 5 50-100% flower 6 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet DM Downy Mildew (DM) – Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched G Glucose Florimond Desprez %GLUC Daphné Verdelet Maximum Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet REFLAImax MILLCO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Millipede (Blaniulus guttulatus) Counting 1 Monogerm 8 Other (specify) 9 No plant left (0% plant stand) 1 White 7 Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Rotten Gross Gravity ROGROGRAV Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Monogerm and multigerm mixed 2 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 Daphné Verdelet Crane-Fly Counting Before Sowing CFCOBSO Institut Technique de la Betterave 4 tolerant Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 Daphné Verdelet W & K Percentage Of Juice Purity W&K Florimond Desprez attribute 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Seed Surface Area SeedSurfArea Florimond Desprez PINK Daphné Verdelet Number Of Pink Beets SeedCoatShapeVA3d Seed Coat Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES SPNBPLTOFLBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms 3 weak resistant 3 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image REFLAI Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Western SPTBW Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 Daphné Verdelet Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus (BNYVV) BNYVV Rhizomania Florimond Desprez Soil Tare Evaluation = %TARE SOITARE Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 1 little Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Normal seed Normal seed No plant with symptoms (Infection 0%) 1 intermediate 5 one colony, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each 1 Institut Technique de la Betterave Sbr Audpc Daphné Verdelet SBRAUDPC Plant dead - Majority of plants with Score = 9 9 RadFnlLg Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Radicle Final Length (At 110°Cd) MALESTER GRIN Daphné Verdelet Male Sterility Embryo Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA EmbEqDiameter Daphné Verdelet strong stay green 4 intermediate 5 medium 5 FleshCoarness Root Flesh Coarness Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Soil Effect Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SOIL 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 8 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched Powdery Mildew (PM) – Erysiphe betae Daphné Verdelet PM GRIN/Florimond Desprez SPNBPLDESVOLE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Vole GEVES Daphné Verdelet PerispVol_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm Volume Pink 9 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) EmbPres Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Presence Of Embryo Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 7 Very hairy Stem Diameter StemDiam International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Use unknown 7 Daphné Verdelet WGTPOTO Weight Proportion Of Top Institut Technique de la Betterave 1 No infection (100% plant stand) Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Volume GEVES/INRA SeedCoatVol 5 No deficiency 2 7 - 9 cm 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched Nirs - Chlorophyll Quantity In Plot NICHLOROPPL Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 3 green 2 strong deficiency Daphné Verdelet WGHLE Weight Of Leaves Institut Technique de la Betterave Florimond Desprez PHOMA Daphné Verdelet Phoma Betae Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 4 orange resistant 3 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 A couple of plants with slight yellowing (>5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) 3 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 Flowering Pattern – Within plants GRIN Daphné Verdelet FLWRPATW overtopped with under half of max diameter bundle rings visible 5 FloweringEnd Flowering End International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering 50 to 95% of root surface 4 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 5 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 1 No infection Daphné Verdelet % WS Florimond Desprez Percentage Of White Sugar highly tolerant 5 yellow 3 3 bruised Leaf Number LeafNb International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Maximum Beet Diameter BEDIAM Institut Technique de la Betterave broad elliptic 4 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOVOLE Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Vole Symptoms absent 1 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) - 65% dead plants CLDIAMBRE Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Aphanomyces Black Leg Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESBLLEG SUMNBPLLESPMI Summer Number Of Plants With Blate Touched By Spider Mite Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 3 Completely male sterile, black or brown anthers Nirs - Sugar Content Of Beets Institut Technique de la Betterave NIBSC Daphné Verdelet intermediate vigor 3 Old leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 BOLN Institut Technique de la Betterave Bolting Number Daphné Verdelet 1 High : branched beet Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 GEVES/INRA SeedCoatLength3d Seed Coat lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet highly susceptible 1 Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmbLength3d_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Lenght 3d All plants are covered with grey powdery mycellum (Infection 100%) 9 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms TTFCOVER Thermal time after emergence to reach X% of Green Vegetation Cover Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 3 intermediate stay green high 7 Weight Proportion Of Root Institut Technique de la Betterave WGTPORO Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatLength3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat lenght 3d GEVES/INRA nymphs present, few adults present 3 5 Slight stunting, severe leaf curling; less than half of the upper leaf surface visible due to curling; most of the larger leaves still erect - Majority of plants with Score = 5 1 present 9 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) 2 susceptible Florimond Desprez CRRF Daphné Verdelet Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina - Foliar Ratings 4 6 - 8 cm Summer Number Of Striped Flea Beetle On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOSFB Petiole Color GRIN Daphné Verdelet PETIOLECOL Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA FillingRatio Seed Filling Ratio 3 Red 4 Fodder Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Tb Germ Germination Base Temperature Florimond Desprez YORNM Daphné Verdelet Number Of Yellow-Orange Beets Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Temperature Sum To Reach 50% Germination SumTemp50pctGerm Empty seed GEVES/INRA Empty seed Daphné Verdelet intermediate 3 susceptible 2 Seed Mass GEVES/INRA SeedMass Daphné Verdelet 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched Thin 0 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) 9 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESCF Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Crane-Fly intermediate narrow oblong 5 100 percent leaf yellowing 9 9 No plants left (Infection 100%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Stem Nematode Symptoms SPNBPLTOSTNEM International Data Base for Beta Stem Color Daphné Verdelet StemColor nymphs present, no adults present 2 weak 3 SMPOL Sm/Pol Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Rhizoctonia Root Rot (RRR) – Rhizoctonia Solani GRIN/Florimond Desprez RRR 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) Spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) 3 No infection 1 weak damages 2 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) - 35% dead plants 4 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 wounded and bruised 4 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Rugosity index GEVES/INRA SeedCoatRugosity_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Width 3d EmbWidth3d_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA red purple 7 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Immune 0 EmbLength Embryo Length Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Sugar Yield Daphné Verdelet S/HA Florimond Desprez intermediate 5 6 Candy Striped, alternating red and green streaks on bolted flower stalks and larger lateral branches. Very strong deficiency 1 No infection 1 Daphné Verdelet SM/POL-IS Florimond Desprez Molasse Sugar (F) / % Sugar strong vigor 4 7 susceptible 5 Narrow oblong partly monogerm /partly multigerm 2 very strong damages - the whole plot is burned 5 5 fully bolting < 10% flowering, 10-50% flower Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 2 3 weak > 90% past flowering 7 Percentage Of Invert Sugar Venema %IS V Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Yellow 5 Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Yellow Virus SPTBYV Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Beet Mild Yellowing Virus BMYV 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 7 red green / light green 2 Yellow spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) 2 1 erect 1 very little 5 Sugar extraction Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 4 Daphné Verdelet GRAVSBR Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Institut Technique de la Betterave Bigerm seed Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Bigerm seed 3 Only a few plants show yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a few yellow plants (Infection 5%) 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 healthy 0 3 Hairs very parse Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 Fibrous 8 Entire defoliation (caution : regrowth !!!) (Infection 100%) 9 First coalescing spots on one or twi leaves (Infection 20%) 5 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 Semi-fertile, more or less dehiscent anthers 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 absent 0 5 multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering >95% of root surface GRIN Daphné Verdelet PETLENMIN Petiole Length - Minimum More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 8 Remaining leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Infection 80%) GRIN Daphné Verdelet Flowering Pattern – Between plants FLWRPATB TRIGE Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds 3 spotted Daphné Verdelet PSI b Germ GEVES/INRA Germination Base Water Potential 2 Asynchronous Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken NMBREBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 First coealescing spots on one or two (old) leaves (Infection 20%) 5 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched Florimond Desprez Leaf Glossiness Daphné Verdelet L GLO 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 5 Purple 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) No infection 1 Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms SPNBPLSYBLLEG Institut Technique de la Betterave 3 Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 6 Stunting, slight yellowing; most leaves becoming prostrate - Majority of plants with Score = 6 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) PolymyxaBetae GRIN Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae. Daphné Verdelet 8 All plants are covered with thick white mycellum (Infection 80%) 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 very tender 1 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Noctuid Moth Symptoms SPNBPLSYNOMO Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 Biomass 6 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Of Rhizoctonia Crown And Root Rot Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPSRCRR 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 9 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 1 White Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez General Scoring GEN. 3 resistant 5 pink 2 One embryo Many plants with yellowing, only few plants green (>80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) 8 semi-erect 3 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) leaf from regrowth 11 strong Gen Ap 4 intermediate deficiency 3 Stay Green Florimond Desprez GREEN Daphné Verdelet very homogeneous 5 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 Perisperm Surface Area Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA PerispSurfArea present 9 non damaged 1 No infection 1 susceptible 7 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 3 Weak Distinct yellow spots on most leaves but not many brown necrotic spots (Infection 10%) 4 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Game Symptoms SPNBPLTOGAME Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 3 9 - 11 cm 3 Slight leaf curl of the edge of new leaves; pimpling on the veins of the underside of the leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 3 Several plants show spots on leaves (Infection 5%) 3 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 6 Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) Vein clearing of heart leaves, slight pimpling of veins on the underside of leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 2 2 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) Fertile 1 Determinate 1 Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Beet Leaf Bug Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOBLB 9 prostrate 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 5 hairy Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) - 95% dead plants 8 3 tender SUMNBCOMF Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Mangold Flies On Plants 7 susceptible Very weak stay green 1 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) some present on the lower part 1 heterogeneous 2 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) 3 Yellow 2 7 Severe stunting, yellowing; leaves prostate and some leaves dead - Majority of plants with Score = 7 elliptic 2 3 Orange 1 No infection 3 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) absent 0 1 No wilting (Wilting 0%) No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 NINIPL Nirs - Nitrogen Quantity In Plot Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 1 4.5 - 7 cm totally touched leaf 10 weak Gen Ap 2 undertopped with no petioles 3 Yellow orange 4 1 0 - 2 cm Yellow 2 SeedCoatSpDiameter_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet GEVES Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 Green 1 2 yellow / light green 7 susceptible Strong 7 8 The 3, 4 remaing leaves with 50% decayed; other dead (Infection 80%) 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 6 > 15 cm Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 3 intermediate Gen Ap 4 correctly topped 9 All plants severly damaged, no plants green (Infection 100%) Very weak Gen Ap 1 non-swollen 7 5 highly tolerant 5 strong vigor No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 4 Distincts spots on most leaves but not coalescing (Infection 10%) 7 Strong FCOVERmax Maximum Green Vegetation Cover Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 2 - 4 cm 2 Thick 9 moderate 5 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) intermediate damages 3 healthy 0 FELEPM Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew 1 Monogerm rosette stadium 1 entity 1 Very heterogeneous No wilting (Wilting 0%) 1 1 very resistant 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 3 Several plants with infection (± 5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) No damages 1 White to yellow 2 leaf from regrowth 11 9 higly susceptible 4 Highly multigerm (>5) Narrow elliptic 1 2 weak vigor 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 7 5 strong stay green absent 1 1 very resistant susceptible 7 Leaf and root veg. 3 11 leaf from regrowth Multigerm (2-4) 3 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched narrow ellipic 1 3 Multigerm Entire defoliation - caution : regrowth !!! (Infection 100%) 9 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 2 weak stay green <0.1 not branched beet 0 2 starting to bolt Medium 5 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 6 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 Spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) 2 8 fibrous healthy 0 entire red 9 4 Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 7 hard Strong 7 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 5 red vein 5 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) 2 light green 3 5 intermediate 9 higly susceptible 5 Most of the plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 20%) highly susceptible 1 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) 2 5 intermediate 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 Most leaves moderately curling; more than half of the upper surface of the leaf visible - Majority of plants with Score = 4 4 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 4 Most plants moderately yellowing (<10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) 1 Empty red 6 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (> 100 pots and rust spores starting to develop)(Infection 10%) 7 susceptible 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) acronym 1 No infection (Infection 0%) 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 2 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 Observation of Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Summer Number of plants with blates touched by spider mites - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLLESPMI method Number Pests - Pegomyia betae Counting of blate pits Blate pits Evaluation of the average plant stay green Evaluation of the average plant stay green Fusarium Susceptibility scale Class of the maximum diameter of single beet in cm Classification of root by maximum diameter Beet Cyst Nematode Susceptibility scale Multigermicity scale Seed Empty seed Empty Percentage of empty seeds in a sample Sphericity index Perisperm Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the perisperm Perisperm sphericity index mm3 Countind of frozen beets Observe the plants per plot under frost condition and count the number of frozen beets Estimation of drought stress susceptibility Score leaf wilting per plot under drought stress Date The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the seed coat Computation of seed coat equivalent diameter Computation of Soil Tare Evaluation Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight - calculated on 5 samples of 100 beets Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Yellow beet number Number Non Yellow beet Fructose content Fructose content in root Root Free fructose content of root measured Heat stress tolerance HeatTol Heat stress tolerance Plant Growth of plants under heat condition and rate the tolerance count unit Petiole length Minimum petiole length among plants Length Petiole mm AUDPC of CLS AUDPC : Under curve area of CLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Degree of male sterility Degree of male sterility Number of plant Number of plant with game symptoms Game symptoms Pests - Game Counting of Slugs Before Sowing Number of slugs on 0.25 sqm using traps - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Measurement of Size Grade Seed size measured using sieves Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms Stem nematode symptoms Pests - Stem nematode Number of plant Counting of Cercospora beticola Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th notation Productivity - Weight Of Beets Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Weight Plot Summer Number of spider mites on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOSPMI method Observation of Color of petiole Observation of Color of petiole None Measurement of Content of betacyanin in the beet Measurement of seed coat length The length of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESNOMO method Pseudomonas aptata scale Normal seed Seed Normal Percentage of normal seeds in a sample Number of beets with break diameter less or equal to 2 cm relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Computation of Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken t/ha Computation of Beet Size Mean Ratio Max Width / Width 1/2 after max (meausred in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - High = cylindric beet; Low = conical beet Presence of hairiness of leaf surface Leaf hairiness Leaf Hairiness mEq/100g of fresh matter Number of bolting plants for thousand plants after sowing Number Bolting plant number Bolting plant Number of green apterous aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of green apterous aphids Damping-off complex Susceptibility to seedling disease due to soil-borne fungi (Aphanomyces cochlioides, R. solani, Pythium spp., Phoma betae) Flowering pattern within plants Observation of flowering pattern within plants Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae Observation of Polymyxa betae susceptibility Scale for Presence Of Embryo Measurement of radicle lengthening speed Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Root Root sodium content Sodium content Sodium content in root Seed Size Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape Seed size Leaf stalk length Leaf stalk length on a group of single plants Leaf stalk Length Standard deviation of the volume of the embryo Volume Embryo Embryo volume Weight of beets before soil removal for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Invert sugar content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Estimation of content predicted by FT-NIR Flowering time Flowering time Plant Stages of seed bearer flowering Bract Distribution Scale Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Orange Beets Beet Yellows Virus scale Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Pink beet number Non Pink beet kg Measurement of area of the perisperm External surface area of the perisperm measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Counting of bolters First, second, third and fourth count of bolting plants for a whole plot Estimation of Beet Cyst Heterodera Schachtii Susceptability to Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii) Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Washing Weight of beets after washing for the entire plot Measurement of the average root width Root width Root Width Ratio Leaf blade Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade ratio Embryo sphericity index Embryo Sphericity index Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the embryo Observation of Root Shape Root shape in longitudinal section Area Cotyledon area Cotyledon Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth Measurement of petiole width among Width Maximum Mean maximum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Productivity - Plant productivity Plot population Population Plot Number Double plant Count the number of double plants at field emergence Double plant number Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by pygmy beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESPYBE method Total fresh matter yield of leaves Computation of Fresh Matter Yield of leaves % Leaf height Leaf Plant height on a group of single plants Height Beet Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility Viral disease - Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Measurement of Tip Width Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average width of broken apical part Quality index with invert sugar Root Sugar content in root Sugar content Computation of feret shape value of the embryo Embryo shape characterisation index Non White beet number Number Non White beet Number of beets by color not in root color trait Damage by powdery mildew Leaf Damage by powdery mildew Fungal disease - Powdery Mildew Measurement of width Leaf blade Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade width Determination of the plant height on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Height Diameter Embryo Embryo equivalent diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the embryo Stem Stem color Color of the inflorescence stem Color Seed Germination Grain germination Mutigermicity Measurement of Mean Root Length Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root length SPNBPLSYVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Number of plants with sugar beet rust pustules - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Fungal disease - Sugar beet rust Damage by sugar beet rust Leaf Damage by sugar beet rust Measurement of petiole length among Length Maximum Mean maximum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Productivity - Leaf fresh matter yield Leaf Total fresh matter yield of leaves Fresh matter yield SPSRH method Absent/Present beets having rhizopus symptoms - evaluated at the end of summer variable_of Estimation of soil effect Observe the growth of plants per plot and rate the heterogeneity due to soil structure or soil depth Absent/Present Measurement of glucose content of beet mush glucose of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola Fungal disease - Cercospora Beticola Cercospora beticola Susceptibility Foliar surface touched by ramularia leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity SPNBPLDESFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by striped flea beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Susceptibility Polymyxa betae Fungal disease - Polymyxa betae Susceptibility to root rot due to Polymyxa betae Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Proportion Productivity - Rotten gravity Rotten root Pests - Crane-fly Number of plant Crane-fly symptoms Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Hypocotyl Hypocotyl lengthening speed Growth rate Cercospora Beticola susceptibility scale Measurement of Stem Diameter Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Measurement of seed Surface Area External surface area of the hole seed measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of seed spacing Seed spacing Seed Distance Counting of hors Red Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) SPNBPLTOSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSTNEM and SPNBPLSYSTNEM Summer Number of leaf tunnels due to moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOLEMO method Observation of Main color of flesh Observation of Main color of flesh Determination of the beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Observation of Bolting Start Calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery (in m²/m²) Evaluation of total foliar surface SPNBPLTOBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESBLLEG and SPNBPLSYBLLEG Hypocotyl Hypocotyl temperature Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature Temperature Measurement of the average width of broken apical part Root tip Tip width Width Computation of quality index with Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization / quantity of extractable sugar - Formula including Invert sugar (glucose) Measurement of radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C in Eloncam Measurement of radicle length Root Length Beet length Beet length between top and tail Productivity - White sugar yield White sugar yield calculated White sugar Yield cm Life form Plant Plant life cycle state Plant life forme (ie life cycle) state : annual, biannual, perenial… Invert sugar content in root Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit Sugar content Root Susceptibility Rhizoctonia solani Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia solani Susceptibility to root rot due to Rhizoctonia solani Sclerotium rolfsii Fungal disease - Sclerotium rolfsii Susceptibility Susceptibility to root rot due to Sclerotium rolfsii Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves around 15th of May, 25th of May and 06th of June - using a photography vertically taken Computation of Ground Cover Rate Abnormal Percentage of abnormal seeds in a sample Seed Abnormal seed Beet shape Root Shape of the beet Shape Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root neck Measurement of weight of Root Neck Root Maggot susceptibility scale Counting of number of plant after sowing Number of plants / parcel counted at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd thermal time after sowing Phemphigus betae susceptibility scale Ratio Percentage of white sugar in the root at plot scale Computation of white sugar content in the root µg/cm² leaf Estimation of heat tolerance Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. Number of plant Vole symptoms Number of plant with vole symptoms Pests - Vole Use General growth type and/or use type Plant Productivity - Plant target use Beet roundness Beet roundness Roundness Root Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of perisperm shape Observation of Cuticle Thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle (consult with IIRB) Leaf blade Leaf blade width on a group of single plants Width Leaf blade width Number Number of beets with topping class Topped root Topped beet number Leaf blade Leaf blade glossiness Glossiness Average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf Phytoproduct damage Foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Phytoproducts damage Rhizopus symptoms Root Beets having rhizopus symptoms Fungal disease - Rhizopus Susceptibility to rust due to Uromyces betae Susceptibility Fungal disease - Uromyces betae Uromyces betae Maximal length of the embryo extracted from the virtual embryo skeleton and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Computation of Embryo Length Seed coat Thickness Seed coat thickness Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Germination rate Seed Germination final rate Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia Beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot Rhizoctonia symptoms Root Soil fungal disease Seedling disease Susceptibility to seedling disease Susceptibility Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by game on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESGAME method Total volume of the seed measured Seed volume Seed Volume Standard deviation of the volume of the empty space in the seed Volume Empty space Empty space volume Population Stand homogeneity Plot Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Mean Spring / Emergence Number of plant with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYNOMO method Length Standard deviation of the seed coat length Seed coat lenght Seed coat Counting of blinkers Number of blinkers at level plot due to sensitive plant to rhizomania Life form of the accession Observation of lifeform Estimation of Rhizoctonia Solani Susceptibility Susceptibility to Rhizoctonia root rot Number of plant Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug Leaves stinged Pests - Beet leaf bug Observation of Root Aphids susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Aphids Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Estimation of green pixels An Area Under progress curve area of LAI evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of LAI Observe the Magnesium Deficiency 1 + Alter, Magnesium Deficiency 2 + Alter Estimation of magnesium deficiency Leaf Position scale Scale for Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Leaf Loss Loss of leaves (LAI) Loss of leaves due to water stress : reference measure based on an image to evaluate total foliar surface SPNBPLTOFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESFLBE and SPNBPLSYFLBE index Susceptibility to Black Foliar [Aphanomyces cochliodes]. Estimation of Black Foliar Ratings Volume Standard deviation of the volume of the perisperm Perisperm Perisperm volume Color of petiole Color Petiole color Petiole Number Number of plants after sowing Plant Plant population after sowing Root color below ground of a group of single plants Color Root Root color Susceptibility to Erwinia Rot Observation of Erwinia rot susceptibility Quantity of nitrogen in leaves - measured in laboratory Measurement of nitrogen in leaves Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Presence Fungal disease - Cercospora Cercospora nests SUMNBPLTONOMO method Summer Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Persiperm width Standard deviation of the perisperm width Width Perisperm Flesh Coarness scale Productivity - Root net weight Weight Root net weight Root Spring / Emergence Number of plant with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYMILL method Weight of beets after soil removal for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal Embryo Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the embryo Shape Embryo Number of plant Pests - Moth Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth Intern crown eroded Counting of millipede guttulatus Count of millipede in a parcel Measurement of area of the embryo External surface area of the embryo measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. White sugar yield calculated in t/ha. Computation of white sugar yield Fructose and glucose content in root Free fructose and glucose onfresh matter Fructose and glucose content Root Rhizoctonia Solani susceptibility scale Sucrose content measured by polarimetry on Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Percentage of Sugar Content Life form scale Rotten root Number Rotten beet number Number of rotten beets Measurement of the embryo volume Volume of the embryo measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Susceptibility Fungal disease - Ramularia beticola Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Ramularia beticola The length of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Measurement of perisperm length Seed Germination time Grain germination time Germination time Thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle Cuticle thickness Leaf cuticle Scale for Seedling Betacyanin Content Calculated as: Σ (n T)/ Σ n, where n = number of seeds newly germinated at time T; T = hours from the beginning of the germination test, Σ n = final germination. Computation of Mean Germination Time Cover Green vegetation cover (FCOVER) evolution Green vegetation AUPC of green vegetation cover Seed coat Seed coat equivalent diameter Diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the seed coat scale_of Ditylenchus dipsaci Susceptibility Pests - Ditylenchus dipsaci Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci - plot-basis score based on the number of root presenting symptoms (stunting, swelling and rotting) Estimation of Ditylenchus dipsaci susceptibility Aphanomyces black leg symptoms Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms Pests - Aphanomyces black leg Number of plant Hairiness of leaf surface Observation of Hairiness of leaf surface Mesasurement of seed mass Individual seed mass Observation of beet shape None ‰ Determination by flux cytometer of the level of ploidy Determination of ploidy Estimation of Yellows Virus Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Washing Manganese deficiency Leaf Manganese deficiency Estimation of manganese deficiency Pests - Phemphigus betae Susceptibility Root aphids Susceptibility to root aphids Embryo Embryo length Standard deviation of the embryo length Length Number of plant Centipede symptoms Pests - Centipede Number of plant with centipede symptoms SPSRCRR method Absent/Present beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot - evaluated at the end of summer Ramularia beticola susceptibility scale Root color below ground of a group of single plants Observation of below ground of a group Root Color Width Embryo Standard deviation of the embryo width Embryo width method_of Charcoal Root Rot susceptibility scale Leaf Leaf wilting under drought stress Drought stress Drought stress susceptibility Male Sterility scale Cluster fasciation Fasciation Inflorescence cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster Flesh Color scale End Use scale Top beet thickness Height of top of the beet Thickness Top root Root net weight / microplot in kg/ha Measurement of net weight Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Orange beet Non Orange beet number Number Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of branched beet - The higher the number is, the more forked the root is. Measurement of Branched Beet Ditylenchus Dipsaci susceptibility scale Vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Early vigor Plant Vigor Determination of the percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Counting the number of genetic twins seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of twins SUMNBCOMF method Summer Number of mangol flies on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Observe the plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress at plot scale Observation of the plant wilting Hypocotyl Color scale Susceptibility to root maggot using de Lee Campbell disease scoring scale Observation of root maggot using de Lee Campbell Tetanops myopaeformis Non Red beet Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Red beet number Number Estimation of manganese deficiency Observe the Manganese Deficiency Counting the number of plants in a plot Counting Percentage Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Bolting percentage Bolting plant Computation of rotten net gravity Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Root Weight Root gross weight Productivity - Root gross weight Color Hypocotyl pigmentation Hypocotyl color Hypocotyl Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility Fungal disease - Macrophomina Phaseolina Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule has only a single embryo and a perisperm without any malformation or defects. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the normal seed Weight of beets before sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Shape Perisperm Perisperm Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the perisperm Beet Mild Yellowing Virus susceptibility scale Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Measurement of cotyledon surface area Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility scale Perisperm sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of perisperm sp diameter Number of plant Slug symptoms Pests - Slugs Number of plant with slug symptoms mm² Seed shattering None Seed Shattering Susceptibility to Root Maggot Observation of Root Maggot susceptibility Susceptibility to Phoma betae Susceptibility Fungal disease - Phoma betae Phoma betae Estimation of Susceptibility to Erysiphe Susceptibility to Erysiphe - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Measurement of the importance of branched beet Branched Branched beet Root Measurement of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when harvesting single plants Observation of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when In Soil Color Leaf blade Average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Leaf blade color Betacyanin content Evaluation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Leaf Leaf betacyanin pattern Foliar surface touched by cercospora leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity Measurement of embryo width The width of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Hypocotyl pigmentation Observation of Hypocotyl pigmentation Measurement of lenght Leaf Blade Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade length Seed coat Sphere Diameter Length Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the seed coat Seed coat Observation of Leaf Undulation Determination of the average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Millipede symptoms Number of plant with AB217 symptoms Pests - Millipede Number of plant Rugosity index Seed coat Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the seed coat Seed coat rugosity index Pests - Blaniulus guttulatus Number Millipede guttulatus Counting of millipede guttulatus Susceptibility to Sclerotium root rot Estimation of Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility Root Net yield Root net yield calculated Productivity - Root net yield Measurement of perisperm width The width of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Spring / Emergence Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYSTNEM method Absent/Present beets touched by beet western - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBW method Estimation of Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola - 1st and 2nd notation Population Plan population 400°Cd after sowing Spring Spring population Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content measured by refractometer Computation of dry matter yield Observation of violet root rot susceptibility Susceptibility to Violet Root [Helicobasidium purpureum] Plant Emergence quality Computation of field emergence quality Field emergence quality Estimation of juice purity from the 'Wieniger & Kubadinov' formula based on impurity (K, Na and Alpha-N) and sucrose contents Determination of juice purity Susceptibility to yellow leaf spot due to Stemphylium beticola Stemphylium beticola Fungal disease - Stemphylium beticola Susceptibility Time to reach x% of the total number of seeds, x = 10 to 90 Time of reach x% of germination Flowering end time Date of the seed bearer flowering end Plant Flowering end time Counting of black aphids Number of black aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Under progress curve area of FCOVER evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of FCOVER Embryo Length Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the embryo Embryo Sphere Diameter Estimation of Sugar content of beet Sugar content of beet predicted by a NIRS Viral disease - Blinkers Counting of blinkers Number Blinkers Standard deviation of the external surface area of the embryo Embryo Embryo area Area Embryo Standard deviation of the diameter of the embryo corresponds to the maximum extent in a given direction Shape Embryo feret shape °Cdays Observe the vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Estimation of early vigor Foliar surface touched by sugar beet rust evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Color Root ring Ring color Fungal disease - Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility to violet root due to Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility Erysiphe Susceptibility to Erysiphe Fungal disease - Erysiphe betae Susceptibility to Rhizomania scored by the yellowing of the canopy; 0 is none and 9 is most yellowing. Observation of Rhizomania susceptibility Number of rotten beets on samples of 160 beets break down to percentage Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Leaf Dry matter content of leaves Total dry matter content of leaves Dry matter content Scale for Flowering Pattern between plants Observation of rings color Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Root Rot Erwinia scale Susceptibility Susceptibility to beet mild yellowing Virus Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing virus Number of plant Leaf hoppers Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers Pests - Leaf hoppers Soil Measurement of soil humidity Soil Humidity Humidity Root Root alpha-amino nitrogen content Alpha-amino nitrogen content Alpha-amino nitrogen content in root Betaine content in root Root Betaine content Betaine content by FT-NIR Measurement of the perisperm volume Volume of the perisperm measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Observation of Root Aphid susceptibility Susceptibility to root aphid scoring at harvest presence of aphid colonies on the outside of the beet root in combination with presence of wax using the Hutchinson and Campbell disease scoring scale Leaf Color scale Root Color scale Phoma Betae Susceptibility scale Filling rate Seed filling ratio The ratio of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed Seed Observation of Type Of Root Damage Evaluation of root damages visually. Wounded referes to significant mass loss. Bruised referes to scratched surface, visible crack with no mass loss. Wounded and bruised are both General scoring scale Susceptibility to Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Estimation of Beet Yellowing Virus Root Smoothness Measurement of the average root groove Smoothness Number Wireworms Counting of wireworms Pests - Wireworms Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk length Measurement of length Leaf Stalk Measurement of width Leaf Stalk Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk width Observation of Leaf Glossiness Determination of the average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Measurement of weight Of Top Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by top LAI AUPC of leaf area index Leaf area index (LAI) evolution Area index Leaf AUDPC of RLS AUDPC : Under curve area of RLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Damping-off complex scale Quality Evaluation of topping quality visually Topping Productivity - Topping quality Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Computation of Ratio Length / Width of leaf blade mg Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Esitimation of Susceptibility to Downy Mildew AUPC Chlorophyll Chlorophyll content evolution Leaf Chlorophyll content Volume of the seed coat measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of the seed coat volume Evaluation of flesh coarness Coarness Flesh coarness Flesh Maximal diameter Root Width Beet width Pests - Spider mites Spider mites Number of spider mites on plants Number Count the number of frozen beets Cold stress damage Plant Cold stress damage Measurement of hypocotyl lengthening speed Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Drought Stress scale Soluble dry matter content predicted with FT-NIR on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample Estimation of matter content predicted with FT-NIR SPNBPLTOGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESGAME and SPNBPLSYGAME Sugar yield Productivity - Beet sugar yield Beet sugar yield Root Height Root height Measurement of the average 'green above ground part' Root Measurement of Beet Diameter Maximum diameter of single beet Measurement of the average root length Length Root Root length Computation of the rugosity index of the seed coat Surface characterization of the Seed Coat Rhizomania Yellowing susceptibility scale Presence Embryo Automatic detection of the presence of embryo Presence of embryo Weight of beets after sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Measurement of weight Of Beets After Sorting Blistering scale Gravity Rust gravity evolution Rust Fungal disease - Rust Root Shape scale SPNBPLTOCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCF and SPNBPLSYCF Leaf chlorophyll quantity Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves Chlorophyll content Canopy Leaf blade Leaf blade length Leaf blade length on a group of single plants Length m²/m² Estimation of flesh coarness None Measurement of Beet Width Half Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the diameter located at the half of the root under the max diameter Stemphylium beticola susceptibility scale Productivity - Plant stay green Plant Greeness Evaluation of the average plant stay green None Observation of seed shattering Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Mesure of germinating power Seed Germination time Time of the germination of the seed Germination time Weight Weight of a single beet without leaves Productivity - Beet weight Root Flowering Time scale Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Pink Beets Topping quality scale Computation of Germination Base Water Potential Water potential threshold value under which germination does not occur Rhizomania Susceptibility Viral disease - Rhizomania Susceptibility to Rhizomania Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the maximal diameter Measurement of Beet Width Max Measurement of petiole width among Width Minimum Mean minimum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Computation of seed's filling ratio Estimating the percentage of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed in % SPNBPLDESWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by white grub on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Computation of Potassium and Sodium content Sum of Potassium and Sodium content in the root Seed coat maximum thickness Standard deviation of the maximum thickness of the seed coat Thickness Seed coat Leaf Regrowth scale g/100g of fresh matter Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Diameter Stem Stem diameter Observation of leaf position Determination of the average of leaf position on a group of single plants Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by crane-fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESCF method Root alpha-amino nitrogen content measured by Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of alpha-amino nitrogen content of beet mush AUDPC of PM AUDPC : Under curve area of PM gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Inflorescence cluster fasciation Estimation of Inflorescence cluster fasciation Dead plant number Count the number of dead plants for a whole plot Dead plant Number SUMNBCONOMO method Summer Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Spring / Emergence Number of plant with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYSLUG method Magnesium deficiency Estimation of magnesium deficiency Magnesium deficiency Leaf Branched Beet scale Score of Susceptibility to Rust Early germination rate Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Seed Germination rate Date of the seed bearer flowering end Observation of the Flowering End Leaf nitrogen quantity Canopy Nitrogen content Quantity of nitrogen in leaves (in g/m²) Plant wilting Plant Plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress Wilting Number Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Total Bolting plant count Bolting plant °C Hour of germination at 10°C in Eloncam Measurement of germination hour in Eloncam Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Computation of Seedling Growth Base Temperature Root gross yield Productivity - Root gross yield Gross yield Root Purity Juice purity Juice Juice purity of a brei sample representative from the whole plot Sum of daily mean temperature minus the base threshold value (germination base temperature Tbgerm) which is necessary from sowing to reach fifty percent germination. Cumulative thermal time to reach 50% of germination Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Measurement of cotyledon temperature SPNBPLTONOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESNOMO and SPNBPLSYNOMO Standard deviation of the flat surface of the seed coat Seed coat flatness Seed coat Flatness Percentage of bolters Percentage of bolters in a whole plot The width of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Measurement of seed coat width Measurement of mutigermicity Visual inspection to observe wether one, two or more glomerules are sticked together into one glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Maturity Seed maturity Seed None Computation of field emergence quality Integral of the logistic curve using the population countings at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd Seed Shattering scale The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the embryo Computation of embryo equivalent diameter Presence of Cercospora nests Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Seed Bigerm Bigerm seed Percentage of bigerm seeds in a seed sample Perisperm SpDiameter Length Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the perisperm Perisperm Computation of Hypocotyl Temperature Delta Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Dry matter yield Root dry matter yield estimated by FT-NIR Root Productivity - Root dry matter yield Mpa Number Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Stem number Stem unitless Seed coat sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of seed coat sp diameter Measurement of the empty seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule is empty and therefore does not contain an organ. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Susceptibility Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Fungal disease - Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Susceptibility to downy mildew due to Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Scale for Flowering Pattern within plants Length Cotyledon Cotyledon length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth Observation of general appearance of the plot Scoring the general appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Leaf Leaf regrowth Regrowth Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Mineral Deficiency scale Evaluation of topping quality visually, 1 and 2 are undertopped, 3 and 4 are well topped and 5 and 6 are overtopped Topping Quality Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility scale Counting the number of plantlets with green hypocotyl after germinating test of a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of green hypocotyl Determination of the percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Quantity of nitrogen in canopy - predicted using a NIRS Quantity of nitrogen in canopy Potassium content Potassium content in root Root Root potassium content SPNBPLSYCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Root Sodium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of sodium content of beet mush Mangol flies Pests - Mangold fly Number Number of mangol flies on plants Perisperm equivalent diameter Perisperm Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the persiperm Diameter g/m² leaf Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Observation of Leaf Regrowth Foliar surface touched by powdery mildew evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Powdery Mildew Gravity Under progress curve area of Chlorophyll content evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of Chlorophyll Measurement of the abnormal seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerulus is abnormal either by an embryonic malformation or by a perisperm defect . The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Dry matter content Dry matter content in root Root Measurement of Smoothness Score Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root groove - The closer the number is to 9, the smoother the root is Wilting scale Seed quality Percentage of trigerm seeds in a seed sample Seed Trigerm Number of bolting plants for thousand plants at 1500°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2500°Cd and 3000°Cd after sowing Counting of bolting plant Root Potassium and sodium content Potassium and sodium content in root Potassium and sodium content in the root Glucose content of beet mush Glucose content in root Root Glucose content Susceptibility to root aphids Susceptibility Root aphids Pests - Root aphids Computation of the sphericity index of the perisperm A measure of how closely the shape of the perisperm resembles that of a perfect sphere Measurement of beet weight Weight of a single beet without leaves Pests - Heterodera Schachtii Heterodera schachtii Susceptibility Susceptibility to beet cyst nematode due to Heterodera schachtii Perforated leaves Number of plant Pests - Noctuid moth Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Measurement of cotyledon final length Dry matter predicted by a NIRS Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Spring / Emergence Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYPYBE method Curly top virus susceptibility scale h Length Radicle length Radicle length 7 days after the seed germination Radicle Stages of seed bearer flowering Observation of flowering time Measurement of free Glucose content by HPLC Free Glucose content of root measured on frozen brei sample (g/100g Fresh matter) by HPLC Susceptibility to Phoma betae Estimation of Susceptibility to Phoma betae Position Leaf Leaf position Average of leaf position on a group of single plants Susceptibility to root rot due to Erwinia Betavasculorum Bacterial disease - Erwinia Betavasculorum Susceptibility Erwinia Betavasculorum Susceptibility to Rust (Uromyces betae) at plot level - 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th notation Estimation of Rust Susceptibility Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Yellow-Orange Beets Growth Seedling Seedling growth Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Root gross weight / microplot in kg/ha Measurement of gross weight Observation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern None Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Counting of Stem Number Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESVOLE and SPNBPLSYVOLE SPNBPLTOVOLE method Area Seed coat area Seed coat Standard deviation of the external surface area of the seed coat Observation of flowering pattern between plants Flowering pattern between plants SUMNBPLTOTHR method Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by thrips - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Estimation of Rhizomania Rhizomania Susceptibility to Rhizomania - 1st, 2nd and 3rd notation Measurement of embryo shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility Pests - Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility to root maggot due to Tetanops myopaeformis Sugar yield calculated in t/ha Computation of sugar yield Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by aphanomyces black leg on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYBLLEG method Leaf Glossiness scale Ploidy scale Observation Fungal disease - General scoring General appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Plot Estimation of Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Counting the number of monogerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of monogerm seeds Percentage of monogerm seeds AUDPC : Under curve area of SBR gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of SBR Surface flatness measures how flat is the surface of seed coat Computation of seed coat flatness index Volume Seed coat volume Seed coat Standard deviation of the volume of the seed coat Powdery Mildew Gravity scale Type Of Beet scale Embryo sp diameter measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of embryo sp diameter Measurement of petiole length among Length Minimum Mean minimum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Viral disease - Beet western Beet western Root Beets touched by beet western SUMNBPLTOMF method Summer Number of blate pits due to mangol fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Number of beets by color not in root color trait Number Non Yellow-orange beet number Non Yellow-orange beet SPNBPLDESSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by slug on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Effect Heterogeneity of growth due to soil structure or soil depth Soil effect Soil Measurement of seed coat shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Number of plants with ramularia leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Root Root shape Shape Root shape in longitudinal section Early vigor scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by vole on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESVOLE method Measurement of seed volume Total volume of the seed measured in cubic millimeter (mm3) Seed coat Shape Seed coat Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the seed coat Leaf Height scale Observation of Leaf Color Determination of the average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Leaf Undulation scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYWHGR method Observation of the leaf blade Observation Leaf blade Blistering Measurement of chlorophyll in leaves Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves - measured in laboratory Violet Root Rot susceptibility scale External surface area of the hole seed measured Area Seed Seed area Computation of rotten gross gravity Weight of rotten beets parts relative to gross weight of beets Measurement of weight of Root Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root herself Summer Number of moth on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOMO method Absent/Present beets having symptoms due to Heterodera Schachtii - confirmed by cysts on radicles - evaluated regularly on plants between start of july and end of september SPSHS method Observation of foliar damages by phytoproducts Scoring of foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Crown Importance Measurement of the importance of the crown Crown importance Susceptibility Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Viral disease - Curly top virus Curly top Measurement of the volume of the empty space in the seed The volume of the empty space in the seed measured in mm3 Broken beets Root Broken Percentage of beets not much broken Sugar content (saccharin) of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Measurement of sugar content of beet mush Counting of hors White Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants (whole microplot) of the leaf blade Observation of blistering Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature Cotyledon Temperature Cotyledon temperature Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Total number of bolting plants Leaf Leaf area index (LAI) evaluated by NIRS LAI Area index Leaf area index (LAI) SPNBPLSYCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Counting of Curly top Curly Top Counting of wireworms Count of wireworms in a parcel Seed coat Standard deviation of the seed coat width Width Seed coat width Root weight Weight Single beet weight constituted by top Root Stem Color scale SPNBPLTOPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESPYBE and SPNBPLSYPYBE Male flower Male fertility Sterility Degree of male sterility SPNBPLTOMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESMILL and SPNBPLSYMILL Leaf Ground coverage Ground coverage by plant leaves Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves mm/h Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Susceptibility Bacterial disease - Pseudomonas aptata Pseudomonas aptata Petiole Color scale Measurement of Soil Humidity Humidity of soil in % Computation of Radicle Temperature Delta Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Phytoproducts damages scale Aphanomyces cochlioides susceptibility scale Chlorophyll quantity in leaf (in microgram/cm² of leaf) calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery Quantity of chlorophyll in canopy Scale for Stay green Number Pests - Striped flea beetle Number of striped flea beetle on plants Striped flea beetle Downy Mildew Susceptibility scale Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample Scale for Type Of Root Damage Computation of quality index without Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization /quantity of extractable sugar - Formula without Invert sugar (glucose) Individual seed mass Mass Seed Seed mass Standard deviation of the perisperm length Perisperm lenght Perisperm Length High Temperatures Suceptibility scale Root aphids susceptibility scale 1 Betacyanin content Betacyanin content in seed Seedling Seedling Betacyanin Content Computation of Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Number of beets with topping class [1], [2], [5] or [6] relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Leaf stalk Width Leaf stalk width Leaf stalk width on a group of single plants Estimation of Pseudomonas aptata susceptibility Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of the crown - The higher the number is, the more the crown tare is. Measurement of French Top Mean Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Computation to estimate seed size Observation of Stem Color Color of the inflorescence stem Leaf number Number of leaves Leaf Number Mean spacing between seeds measured on a line of 10 seeds Measurement of seed spacing Tetanops myopaeformis susceptibility scale Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot due to Stemphylium beticola Estimation of Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot Germity scale AUDPC of RUST AUDPC : Under curve area of RUST gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Absent/Present beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBMYV method Black aphids Counting of black aphids Number Pests - Black aphid Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSLUG and SPNBPLSYSLUG SPNBPLTOSLUG method Height of top of the beet Measurement of Top Thickness Position Root Beet position in soil Part of the root which exceeds the soil SUMNBCOTHR method Summer Number of thrips on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Computation of the thicknesses of the seed coat mesh Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh, measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Flowering pattern Seed Bearer Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Measurement of embryo length The length of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Estimation of root aphids susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Aphids Importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Flower bract Distribution Bract distribution SPNBPLSYGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Class of the diameter of the root at the point of break in cm for single beet Classification of root by diameter SPTBYV method Absent/Present beets touched by beet yellow virus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september Number Number of thrips on plants Thrips Pests - Thrips Seed Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Germinating power Germination rate Computation of Beet Roundness Mean Computation of the roundness average by the ratio Length / Width 1/2 after max (measured in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - Higher the ratio is, less round the beet is. Leaf Betacyanin Pattern scale SPNBPLDESCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by centipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Fungal disease - Verticillium Susceptibility Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Verticillium wilt Ring Color scale Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity scale SUMNBPLTOSFB method Summer Number of plants touched by striped flea beetle - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Measurement of free Fructose content Free Fructose content of root measured on brei (g/100g Fresh matter) Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms Number of plant Pygmy beetle symptoms Pests - Pygmy beetle undefined None Measurement of the presence of embryo Automatic detection of the presence of embryo. Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 2D X-Ray. Scale for Stand Homogeneity Susceptibility Viral disease - Beet yellows virus Beet Yellows Virus Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus Root Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Fungal disease - Ramularia Damage by Ramularia Damage by Ramularia Leaf Root White sugar content White sugar content in root White sugar content in the root Number of plant Pests - White grub Number of plant with white grub symptoms White grub symptoms Observation of Verticillium wilt susceptibility Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Summer Number of striped flea beetle on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOSFB method SPNBPLSYFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Leaf Weight Weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Leaf weight Main color of flesh Color Flesh Flesh color Date of the seed bearer flowering start Plant Flowering start time Flowering start time Number of dead plants for a whole plot Counting of Dead Plants None Observation of seed maturity Computation of Free Fructose and Glucose Sum of Free Fructose and Glucose (g/100g Fresh matter) SUMNBPLTOLEH method Summer Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Sugar Beet Rust Gravity scale Proportion Productivity - Soil proportion in raw beet weight Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight Soil Area Perisperm area Perisperm Standard deviation of the external surface area of the perisperm Aphanomyces Root Rot susceptibility scale Pests - Noctuid moth caterpillars Number Noctuid moth caterpillars Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants Beet Chlorosis Virus susceptibility scale SUMNBCOBLB method Summer Number of beet leaf bug on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility to black root due to Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility Fungal disease - Aphanomyces cochlioides General growth type and/or use type. Observation of type Of Beet Root net yield calculated in t/ha Computation of root net yield Determination of the percentage of Bigerme In Seeds Counting the number of bigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of bigerm seeds Root Potassium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of potassium content of beet mush Erysiphe betae susceptibility scale Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Measurement of Invert sugar content Susceptibility Fusarium Vascular disease - Fusarium Susceptibility to Fusarium Visual inspection to observe if two embryo present in a single glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the bigerm seed Minimum petiole width among plants Petiole width Width Petiole Computation of root gross yield Root gross yield calculated in t/ha Computation of perisperm equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the perisperm Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Measurement of on early germination Rate External surface area of the seed coat measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the seed coat SPNBPLDESMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by millipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Observation of the Flowering Start Date of the seed bearer flowering start Bolting start time Beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Bolting Start time Rotten parts of beets are cut and weighed together Measurement of Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Bolting plant Number Count of bolting plants for a whole plot Bolting plant count The maximum thickness of all the measured points on the seed coat in millimeters (mm) Measurement of the maximum thicknes of the seed coat weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Measurement of weight of leaves Number of crane-flies on 0.25 sqm using traps with bait - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Counting of Crane-fly Before Sowing Number of plants with powdery mildew spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew Estimation of Black Aphanomyces Cochlioides Susceptibility to Black Root (Aphanomyces cochliodes). Counting of Double Plant At Field Emergence Number of plants doubled at field emergence : if 2 plants are spaced less than 0.5 * normal distance between 2 seeds - counted at 200°Cd after sowing A measure of how closely the shape of the embryo resembles that of a perfect sphere Computation of the sphericity index of the embryo Betaine content mesured by HPLC on frozen brei sample Mesurement of Betaine content by HPLC Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Yellow Beets Root Root damage Damange Evaluation of root damages visually Estimation of dry matter yield Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content predicted by FT-NIR Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Number of plants with cercospora leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (if no treatment - If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Beet Shape scale Beet size as the ratio of max on min beet width Beet size Size Root Class of the maximum diameter of single beet Diameter Root Beet diameter Description of the importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Observation of Bract Distribution Evaluation of LAI Evaluation of LAI loss : 0 if no loss to -1 if 100% loss Summer Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOCRMO method Measurement of top Height Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average 'green above ground part' Undulation Average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade Leaf blade undulation Pests - Green aphid Counting of green apterous aphids Green apterous aphids Number Counting the number of trigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of trigerm seeds Determination of the percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds Leaf area index evaluated by NIRS Computation of leaf Area Index Estimation of Fusarium Susceptibility Susceptibility to Fusarium - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Growth rate Radicle Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Radicle lengthening speed Scale for Maximum Beet Diameter Class Measurement of Mean Root Width Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root width Number of blate pits due to mangod fly with indication of maggot presence or not per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of blate pits Root Rot Susceptibility scale None Counting of leafs Computation of germination Base Temperature Temperature threshold value under which germination does not occur Plant ploidy level Ploidy Plant Determination of ploidy level Hairiness scale Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Measurement of Final Rate Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus susceptibility sclN Susceptibility to root maggot Pests - Root maggot Susceptibility Root maggot Total dry matter content of leaves Measurement of matter Matter Content Root aphids susceptibility scale 2 Radicle Radicle temperature Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature Temperature Soluble dry matter content measured on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample with a refractometer - In °Brix Measurement of dry Matter Content Weight Rotten root Productivity - Rotten beet weight Rotten beet weight Cuticle Thickness scale Beet length between top and tail Measurement of Technical Length SUMNBPLTOBLB method Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Green vegetation cover Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Green vegetation Cover Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by stem nematode on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCENTI and SPNBPLSYCENTI SPNBPLTOCENTI method Diameter of single beet top Measurement of Beet Top Diameter Scale for Beet Position In Soil Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESWHGR and SPNBPLSYWHGR SPNBPLTOWHGR method