Fruits/Cones number Nb_cones NbCones NBCON NBF[Adonis] Nb_cone INRA Célia Michotey NBF PoresRoundness_Ta Pore Roundness - Tangential section Inês Chaves PR-Ta[Adonis] Pore_Round-Ta IBET INRA ST[Adonis] Célia Michotey Leaf Staining ST SuberinOleicA_CC Suberin Oleic content Inês Chaves IBET 99_NB[Adonis] INRA Célia Michotey 90% of leaves faded or fallen BBCH_99 High heterozygosity 3 INRA mBF Mean late wood density mBF[Adonis] Célia Michotey %nail Area_Tr PN-R[Adonis] Nail size percentage - Radial section Wood inclusions percentage - Radial section area IBET Inês Chaves % Prego-R NailInclusionsCoef_R INRA Percentage of late wood pBF[Adonis] Célia Michotey pBF stone[Adonis] INRA Soil stone content Célia Michotey stone_content Syllep.F Syllep INRA Syllep.I Syllep.UK Célia Michotey RAMA Number of sylleptic shoots Sylle[Adonis] Inst_Carbon_eff Instantaneous carboxylation efficiency Inês Chaves IBET HGB[Adonis] INRA HGB Height largest branch Célia Michotey Thinning ECL[Adonis] INRA Célia Michotey CLOI ECL INRA Forking year Célia Michotey ANFO[Adonis] ANFO 78_NB[Adonis] 80% of fruits reached maximum size BBCH_78 INRA Célia Michotey SEN[Adonis] INRA Célia Michotey Senescence SEN d15N D15N[Adonis] Delta15N Célia Michotey delta N15 Leaf nitrogen isotope discrimination INRA INRA Cankers Canker Célia Michotey CANK[Adonis] INRA SI[Adonis] SI Célia Michotey Stomatal index Fructification BBCH Célia Michotey FRUC_BBCH FR_NB[Adonis] INRA Budflush.F Budflush.I Broadleaves budflush scoring Budflush Bud burst Célia Michotey Budflush.UK Bud break BF_BL[Adonis] DEB INRA BF_score_BL Célia Michotey THL INRA Total hypertrophied lenticels THL[Adonis] LDR[Adonis] Lobe depth ratio INRA LDR Célia Michotey Defoliation - rating on 3 INRA Célia Michotey DF_n3 DF_n3[Adonis] 3 Bud sprouting with tips of the small leaves emerging out of the scales, first green is visible ANG_n4 INRA Célia Michotey ANGn4[Adonis] Branch angle - rating on 4 5 No leaves have fallen, the tree is still green 100 % feuillé, bien vert Inês Chaves Suberin Trihydroxyoctadecanoic content SuberinThreo3OHoctadecanoicA_CC IBET C:N Leaf carbon-to-nitrogen ratio Célia Michotey C/N C/N[Adonis] INRA C/N RA RA[Adonis] INRA Ramicorn Célia Michotey Root dry mass R_mass Célia Michotey/Inês Chaves RDW RDM[Adonis] INRA/IBET RDM Root biomass W-w IBET Inês Chaves W_w[Adonis] Wood width 2 Average tree Célia Michotey REP[Adonis] REP INRA Number of repetitions INRA 40% of leaves/needles out 14_NB[Adonis] BBCH_14 Célia Michotey Dominant tree 3 Number of day to reach budburst INRA ND Célia Michotey ND[Adonis] 1 Dying tree Plagiotropy INRA Célia Michotey PLAG[Adonis] PLAG Cut 1 INRA 60% of leaves/needles out 16_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey BBCH_16 INRA Sampling ECH Célia Michotey ECH[Adonis] 5 Straight Célia Michotey FRUC_REG Fructification regularity INRA FRU_R[Adonis] 01 Most leaves or mixed buds began to swell Fruits/Cones number mean NBF_mean Célia Michotey INRA NBF_m[Adonis] Célia Michotey CHALHa Chalara on the tree upper part CHALH INRA CHAH[Adonis] Célia Michotey Number of primary branching nP INRA nP[Adonis] 19_NB[Adonis] 90% of leaves/needles out Célia Michotey BBCH_19 INRA 73 30% of the fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet C_nbF[Adonis] INRA CHAL_nbF Célia Michotey Chalara influence on leaves Chl a IBET Inês Chaves Chlorophyll a Célia Michotey 30% of leaves/needles out BBCH_13 INRA 13_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey DOC[Adonis] Dissolved oxygen content DOC INRA CLLC[Adonis] Célia Michotey Canker_LLC INRA CCH Canker cumulative length NBCHA NBCH CNB[Adonis] INRA Canker number Canker_nb Célia Michotey INRA surf[Adonis] Ring surface Célia Michotey surf 94 40% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell INRA BBCH_51 Flower buds swelling Célia Michotey 51_NB[Adonis] 2H Hydrogen 2 Inês Chaves IBET 2H[Adonis] Wood Hydrogen 2 More than 5 cm of diameter at the insertion point 1 Crown dieback dc 1 Low allelic diversity Root water content RWC IBET Inês Chaves Célia Michotey Limonene Limonene content INRA PhiPS2 Inês Chaves IBET Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II Célia Michotey DGB INRA DGB[Adonis] Diameter largest branch Inês Chaves IBET Leaf number Lf[Adonis] Lf BF_p[Adonis] Budflush precocity BF_prec INRA Célia Michotey DCS Crown dieback status DCS[Adonis] INRA Célia Michotey INRA NBAMF Number of years monopodic - forked tree Célia Michotey NBAMF[Adonis] ANG_n3b Célia Michotey Branch angle - rating on 3 Angle[Adonis] INRA Inês Chaves IBET Suberin Ectadecanedioid content SuberinEctadecanedioidA_CC Inês Chaves IBET Suberin Ferulic content SuberinFerulicA_CC Total protein content per leaf dry mass Célia Michotey TPCm[Adonis] INRA TPCm Suberin Hydroxyoctadecanoid content SuberinOHoctadecanoidA_CC IBET Inês Chaves FOR[Adonis] Célia Michotey INRA Shape FOR 80_NB[Adonis] BBCH_80 Célia Michotey INRA First fruits mature A few fruits in a small section of the crown 1 BBCH_89 90% of fruits mature Célia Michotey INRA 89_NB[Adonis] INRA ID[Adonis] ID Célia Michotey Identification RQp[Adonis] Rubisco content per gram of proteins RQp Célia Michotey INRA INRA NBP[Adonis] Célia Michotey NBPIED Feet number INRA Stomatal conductance to water vapour gW[Adonis] Célia Michotey gW mid[Adonis] INRA Medium ring density Célia Michotey mid Bud swelling and expanding with scales slightly diverging, presence of one or more droplets of balsam 2 Célia Michotey TPCa[Adonis] TPCa Total protein content per leaf area INRA P_F Célia Michotey PETIOL INRA P_F[Adonis] Petiols without leaves Célia Michotey Maximum water use efficiency INRA MaxWi[Adonis] MaxWi Inês Chaves N-2WL[Adonis] IBET Lenticels : number of cell with secondary wall deposition N-2W_lent INRA MARn4[Adonis] Marcescence - rating on 4 Célia Michotey MAR_n4 Circum.UK CIR1[Adonis] Célia Michotey/Inês Chaves INRA/IBET CIR1 Circum.I Tree circumference at 1m Girth at 1m Circum.F Célia Michotey INRA CHALn5[Adonis] Chalara on the tree - rating on 5 CHAL_n5 Célia Michotey ACC Annual increase ACC[Adonis] INRA LAR LA[Adonis] Célia Michotey/Inês Chaves LA INRA/IBET Leaf area 1 1 Healthy, no sore LPOUS[Adonis] Branch length LONG Shoot length INRA LB LPOUS Célia Michotey INRA/IBET SLA[Adonis] Célia Michotey/Inês Chaves Specific leaf area SLA SLAR IBET Inês Chaves Stem length Stem_L Broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 20% of the crown. Pines: 20% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. Other conifers: 20% of buds with open-brushed needles 12 min5[Adonis] Célia Michotey Mean lowest density values min5 INRA Shoot dry mass INRA SHDM[Adonis] SHDM Célia Michotey 03 Most leaf or mixed buds have finished swelling and are ready to burst. For some species the scales may have changed color. NCI NCI[Adonis] INRA Célia Michotey Competition index INRA 20% of leaves faded or fallen BBCH_92 92_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey Shoots.F Célia Michotey Number of resprouts Shoot[Adonis] Shoots.UK Shoots INRA Shoots.I Pore Length - Transversal section Pore_L-Tr PoresLength_Tr Inês Chaves IBET PL-Tr[Adonis] nail Area_Tr Nail size area - Transversal section Wood inclusions area - Transversal section area NS-Tr[Adonis] Prego-Tr IBET Inês Chaves HBM INRA Célia Michotey HBM[Adonis] Height first dead branch Inflated bud 2 Leaf perimeter LP Célia Michotey INRA LP[Adonis] IBET Suberin Alkanols content SuberinAlkanols_CC Inês Chaves Forks number Célia Michotey NbFourches NBFO NBFO[Adonis] NBF NF INRA WV-CW-t WV-t[Adonis] Inês Chaves IBET Wood vessels cell wall thickness 0 Alive Inês Chaves cork H/S/G IBET Hydroxyphenylaldehyde/Syringaldehyde/Coniferaldehyde contents in cork NbA[Adonis] Célia Michotey NbA Number of alleles INRA Inês Chaves Pore Roundness - Transverse section IBET PoresRoundness_Tr PR-Tr[Adonis] Pore_Round-Tr Branching habit Célia Michotey BRAH BRAH[Adonis] INRA 86_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey BBCH_86 INRA 60% of fruits mature 5 Absolutely straight stem (none) N-AEL[Adonis] Lenticels : number of cells alongating/expanding IBET Inês Chaves N-A&E_lent Photosystem II operating efficiency IBET Inês Chaves AnII_Ef INRA/IBET Leaf water content LWC[Adonis] LWC% Célia Michotey/Inês Chaves INRA SCm SCm[Adonis] Saccharose content per leaf dry mass Célia Michotey Needles coloration Célia Michotey AIG[Adonis] AIG INRA INRA Célia Michotey WI[Adonis] Withered leaves WI 32 Shoots reached 20% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) Suberin Dihydroxyoctadenedioic acid content SuberinThreo2OHoctadecanoicA_CC IBET Inês Chaves Shoots reached 50% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) 35 IBET Polysacharide cork composition Inês Chaves Sacharides_CC INRA Lamina largest width WP[Adonis] Célia Michotey WP INRA ESDET ESD[Adonis] Célia Michotey Detailed health status Célia Michotey GRA[Adonis] Seeds Gr INRA GRA 12C Inês Chaves Wood Carbon 12 Carbon 12 IBET 12C[Adonis] 1 Tree to cut BBCH_61 Célia Michotey 10% of flowers sexually mature 61_NB[Adonis] INRA LDM LDM[Adonis] Célia Michotey/Inês Chaves LDW Leaf biomass L_mass INRA/IBET Leaf dry mass BarkT[Adonis] Célia Michotey INRA BarkT Bark thickness INRA nPLBD[Adonis] Number of latent primary buds nPriLBD Célia Michotey PP-R[Adonis] % Pore size - Radial section Inês Chaves IBET PorosityCoef_R % Pore-R % Pore size - Tangential section PP-Ta[Adonis] PorosityCoef_Ta IBET Inês Chaves % Pore-Ta CARa[Adonis] Carotenoid content per leaf area Célia Michotey CARa INRA date15.I date15 Célia Michotey BS_d[Adonis] date15.F BS_date Budset date date15.3.F INRA date15.3 date15.UK 30% of flowers sexually mature Célia Michotey 63_NB[Adonis] INRA BBCH_63 INRA Forking score - rating on 4 FOSn4[Adonis] Célia Michotey FO_score_n4 Carbon 13 13C d13Cc Célia Michotey/Inês Chaves Wood carbon 13 INRA/IBET 13C[Adonis] PL-R[Adonis] PoresLength_R Pore_L-R Pore Length - Radial section IBET Inês Chaves FLX_n3 INRA Flexuosity - rating on 3 Célia Michotey FLXn3[Adonis] 0 ? Fructification abundance 2 Célia Michotey FRUT INRA FRUT[Adonis] Embossed leaves 6 Inês Chaves WD[Adonis] IBET WD Wood density 10_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey BBCH_10 INRA First leaves/needles out 4 Presence of attack and necrosis on a lateral shoot varintraBF INRA Variance of late wood density values VI_BF[Adonis] Célia Michotey Célia Michotey CM.F CM INRA CM[Adonis] Leaf carbon content nail Area_Ta Prego-Ta Inês Chaves Nail size area - Tangential section IBET NS-Ta[Adonis] Wood inclusions area - Tangential section area espessura depois de cozido cork thickness after boiling IBET Inês Chaves ESP_B[Adonis] ESP_B Célia Michotey SPCm[Adonis] INRA Soluble protein content per leaf dry mass SPCm Célia Michotey Ratio leaf nitrogen to leaf carbon LN/LC INRA LN/LC[Adonis] ? 8 Célia Michotey/Inês Chaves Percentage of compression wood WC% WCP[Adonis] INRA/IBET a.pinene Célia Michotey Alpha pinene content INRA BBCH_09 Célia Michotey 09_NB[Adonis] INRA 50% of buds with leaves coming out An/Ci IBET Inês Chaves Leaf carboxylation efficiency BR BR[Adonis] Inner plank surface uniformity Inner plank surface relief Inês Chaves relevo da barriga IBET Frost damage GEL GEL[Adonis] INRA/IBET Célia Michotey Célia Michotey RQm Rubisco quantity per leaf dry mass RQm[Adonis] INRA fts Cracks 4 Delgada (10 to 12 linhas or 22 to 27 mm) Inês Chaves WF-t WF-t[Adonis] Wood fibers thickness IBET Vol Vol[Adonis] Volume Célia Michotey INRA COM Célia Michotey Comments COM[Adonis] DESC INRA Observations Célia Michotey Prec Average rainfall INRA DC[Adonis] Célia Michotey DC DCI INRA/IBET Crown dieback Penetration opposition INRA PIL[Adonis] Célia Michotey PIL 60_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey BBCH_60 First flowers sexually mature INRA Célia Michotey Allelic richness AR AR[Adonis] INRA NPQ Inês Chaves IBET Non-photochemical quenching Tree total height in m HTm[Adonis] INRA/IBET Hm HTm Célia Michotey PoresArea_R P-R[Adonis] Pore size - Radial section Pore-R IBET Inês Chaves INRA 76_NB[Adonis] 60% of fruits reached maximum size BBCH_76 Célia Michotey IBET calibre Inês Chaves Cal[Adonis] Caliber Cork plank thickness Cal DIA_C[Adonis] DIA_col RCD DCOL INRA/IBET CD DIACOL Root collar diameter Célia Michotey/Inês Chaves discriC13 Célia Michotey delta C13 INRA/IBET Leaf carbone isotope discrimination Delta.F Delta13C delta-13C d13C D13C[Adonis] d13Cf INRA Célia Michotey NBUC Growth unit number NBUC[Adonis] DBRA[Adonis] Célia Michotey GBRA Branche diameter INRA DBRA Numerous branches concentrated at whorls 2 EHLD INRA External hypertrophied lenticels diameter Célia Michotey EHLD[Adonis] Budflush scoring - rating on 8 Célia Michotey INRA BF_score_n8 DEBFAGUS BFSn8[Adonis] Number of debarkings N-deb[Adonis] Inês Chaves IBET N-debark NBASF[Adonis] INRA Number of years sympotic - forked tree Célia Michotey NBASF mpond INRA mpond[Adonis] Mean ring density Célia Michotey A[Adonis] INRA A Assimilation rate Célia Michotey 2 More than 1 pollarding Expected heterozygosity Célia Michotey He[Adonis] He INRA INRA Temp_MIN Mean minimum temperature Célia Michotey Buds completely opened with leaves still clustered together but flushing, scales still present 4 LNCm[Adonis] Leaf nitrogen content per leaf dry mass Célia Michotey/Inês Chaves LNCm INRA/IBET Inês Chaves Inner plank surface color BC BC[Adonis] cor da barriga color da barriga IBET Cork Quality IBET Inês Chaves QUAL[Adonis] QUAL NBS Célia Michotey NBS[Adonis] INRA Secateur knocks number TAI Célia Michotey/Inês Chaves S_mass SDW Stem biomass INRA/IBET SDM[Adonis] SDM Stem dry mass INRA Célia Michotey Sequential branches angle aSBC[Adonis] aSeqBC Célia Michotey/Inês Chaves Shoot/Root dry mass SDM/RDM S/RDM[Adonis] INRA/IBET S/RDM S:R 2 Main axis completely dry from the ground, some healthy shoots INRA Buds swelling 01_NB[Adonis] BBCH_01 Célia Michotey BBCH_55 INRA Célia Michotey 55_NB[Adonis] Floral buds emerged but closed IBET Inês Chaves preguentas/madeirentas preguentas/madeirentas Média 4 70_NB[Adonis] INRA BBCH_70 Célia Michotey First fruits reached maximum size Célia Michotey Obversity Lamina shape OB[Adonis] INRA OB BS_date_cnl Célia Michotey BScnl[Adonis] INRA date_cnl Budset date in cumulative night length Célia Michotey IHeight HI deltaH.F deltaH IH[Adonis] Height increment IH INRA HPOU 7 ? LCCa[Adonis] INRA Célia Michotey Leaf chlorophyll content per leaf area LCCa 2 damage to the n-1 shoot and laterals recovery FL_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey FLO_BBCH INRA Blossoming BBCH SWA Soil water availability IBET Inês Chaves Forks fch Less than 10% of the leaves have fallen 1 gwmax[Adonis] Maximum stomatal conductance Célia Michotey gwmax INRA INRA Temp_MAX Célia Michotey Mean maximum temperature HTr[Adonis] Célia Michotey HTrunk INRA Height trunk All buds dormant or just enlarged 1 80% of flowers sexually mature Célia Michotey BBCH_68 INRA 68_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey Chlorophyll content per leaf dry mass INRA LCCm LCCm[Adonis] Célia Michotey BRA_n5 BRAn5[Adonis] INRA Branching - rating on 5 scales Célia Michotey Number of sequential branches nSeqBC INRA nSBC[Adonis] Inês Chaves SWC Stem water content IBET nLBD Number of latent buds Célia Michotey nLBD[Adonis] INRA Health status SUR[Adonis] S INRA/IBET MOR Survival ES SUR Célia Michotey Leaf nitrogen content Célia Michotey %N %N[Adonis] INRA %N Codominant tree 2 5 The needle bundle starts to loosen, shoot are growing GIBN INRA GIBN[Adonis] Game damage note Célia Michotey eels Cork Eelness Inês Chaves IBET eels[Adonis] 5 Circumference increment INRA deltaC.I Célia Michotey deltaC ICIR deltaCIRC deltaC.F ICIR[Adonis] INRA rEBC[Adonis] rEpiBC Célia Michotey Epicormic branches per epicormics 17_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey 70% of leaves/needles out INRA BBCH_17 gwmean[Adonis] Célia Michotey Mean stomatal conductance INRA gwmean Lamina length LL Célia Michotey LL[Adonis] INRA 67_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey BBCH_67 70% of flowers sexually mature INRA INRA Célia Michotey Harvest date RECD[Adonis] RECD Célia Michotey Armillaria ARM[Adonis] INRA ARM ARMILL 40% of the fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet 74 2,5 2 rolled-up young leaves at equal height INRA canop[Adonis] Célia Michotey Canopy projection canopy_projection Angle between 40 et 55° 3 Light meander 1 3 Large number of merged and uncountable lenticels Plant width at the soil level Célia Michotey R[Adonis] INRA R 1 Alive and frozen Marcescence coefficient INRA MARc[Adonis] MAR_coef Célia Michotey 75 50% of the fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet INRA BF_score_CO Conifers budflush scoring BF_CO[Adonis] Célia Michotey Célia Michotey BS BS[Adonis] INRA Lamina basal shape IBET Pores Roundness Inês Chaves Pores Roundness PoR[Adonis] BF_score_B Célia Michotey Bud burst INRA BF_B[Adonis] 70% of leaves faded or fallen INRA BBCH_97 97_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey INRA GOU[Adonis] Epicormic branches GOU Célia Michotey GOURM Terminal bud dead Célia Michotey TE INRA TE[Adonis] Célia Michotey Slope of the vulnerability curve INRA S50 S50[Adonis] INRA SEN_BBCH Senescence BBCH Célia Michotey SE_NB[Adonis] 1 Canker is developed along less than 20% of stem circumference INRA ma Maximal ring density ma[Adonis] Célia Michotey INRA BBCH_74 74_NB[Adonis] 40% of fruits reached maximum size Célia Michotey 88_NB[Adonis] 80% of fruits mature BBCH_88 Célia Michotey INRA INRA MFL[Adonis] Célia Michotey Mean flush length MFL INRA 10% of leaves/needles out Célia Michotey 11_NB[Adonis] BBCH_11 TBD INRA TBD[Adonis] Célia Michotey Diameter of terminal bud INRA BBCH_84 Célia Michotey 40% of fruits mature 84_NB[Adonis] Forks number - x-ray nFork[Adonis] Célia Michotey nFork INRA Inês Chaves 1H 1H[Adonis] Hydrogen 1 IBET Wood Hydrogen 1 3 meia-marca (12 to 14 linhas or 27 to 32 mm) INRA tol[Adonis] Célia Michotey Tol Tolerance SPCa Célia Michotey Soluble protein content per leaf area SPCa[Adonis] INRA 1 Angle close to the right angle FRUC[Adonis] CON Célia Michotey FRUC INRA Fructification INRA gC[Adonis] Célia Michotey Stomatal conductance to CO2 gC %Pores PP[Adonis] Cork Porosity Inês Chaves IBET Célia Michotey NDEFV[Adonis] Whorl defects INRA NBDEF_V Inês Chaves Stem_D Stem diameter IBET Célia Michotey Elevation elev[Adonis] INRA elevation 0 Crown without damage INRA Célia Michotey Delta cadidene content d.cadidene Canker_GI girdling_index Célia Michotey CGI[Adonis] INRA/IBET Girdling.index Canker girdling index Célia Michotey INRA Camphene content camphene expo[Adonis] INRA Célia Michotey aspect Individual aspect IBET Inês Chaves SuberinGlycerol_CC Suberin Glycerol content INRA SACL Leaf saccharose content Célia Michotey SACL[Adonis] Crown size INRA Crown spread Célia Michotey crown[Adonis] crown_size CIBAS CIR_B CCO CBAS CIRC_B CIR_Base Célia Michotey CIR_B[Adonis] INRA Tree circumference at the collar NBRA INRA NBRA[Adonis] Ramicorn number Célia Michotey 20% of the fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet 72 Epicormic branch volume vEBC[Adonis] Célia Michotey INRA vEpiBC 90° 2 Co CB bs INRA Basal sweep CB[Adonis] Célia Michotey 93_NB[Adonis] INRA BBCH_93 30% of leaves faded or fallen Célia Michotey SURb ESb SURb[Adonis] Célia Michotey Survival INRA Health status 90% of flowers sexually mature Célia Michotey INRA 69_NB[Adonis] BBCH_69 % nail Area_Ta NailInclusionsCoef_Ta % Prego-Ta IBET Inês Chaves Wood inclusions percentage - Tangential section Nail size percentage - Tangential section PN-Ta[Adonis] INRA Tree growth GR GR[Adonis] Célia Michotey Vigor WHC[Adonis] Hemicellulose wood composition INRA/IBET WHC Célia Michotey/Inês Chaves 31_NB[Adonis] Shoots at 10% of their size Célia Michotey INRA BBCH_31 BBCH_45 45_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey INRA 50% of buds with juvenile coloration BBCH_03 03_NB[Adonis] INRA Célia Michotey Buds ready to burst Célia Michotey INRA 77_NB[Adonis] 70% of fruits reached maximum size BBCH_77 Rubisco content in leaves INRA RQ CRL Célia Michotey RQ[Adonis] Amax[Adonis] Célia Michotey Amax Maximum assimilation rate INRA Inês Chaves IBET Chl a/b Chlorophyll a to b ratio 4 Crown completely green Tree diameter DBH[Adonis] DIA Célia Michotey D INRA/IBET DBH Célia Michotey INRA BBCH_75 50% of fruits reached maximum size 75_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey SAR SAR[Adonis] INRA Specific activity of Rubisco in leaves 3 3/4 of the total height of the plant dry 2 Intermediate 5 100% of the foliage remaining, green tree INRA Célia Michotey 60% of leaves faded or fallen 96_NB[Adonis] BBCH_96 Stem drying up grading DESN Célia Michotey DESN[Adonis] INRA/IBET INRA DES Number of dry years on the stem Célia Michotey DES[Adonis] Number of flushes Célia Michotey NF[Adonis] NF INRA Photo photo Célia Michotey INRA photo[Adonis] 4 3Carene Célia Michotey INRA 3 carene content 40% of flowers sexually mature Célia Michotey INRA 64_NB[Adonis] BBCH_64 net_An Net photosynthesis Inês Chaves IBET INRA Xylem hydraulic conductivity KS KS[Adonis] Célia Michotey 2 Bud enlarge and starting to flush, first green is visible at the tip Célia Michotey Leaves comes out of 10% of buds BBCH_08 INRA 08_NB[Adonis] Start of shoot growth 30 1 Low heterozygosity Célia Michotey AR_bis AR2[Adonis] Allelic richness INRA INRA drd Increase of diameter below the apical bud IRD[Adonis] Célia Michotey -5 Dead 4 100% of crack bark, moderate cracks Shoots at 60% of their size 36_NB[Adonis] INRA Célia Michotey BBCH_36 2 10 to 50% of the leaves have fallen Cobrilha Inês Chaves IBET Cobrilha Cobri[Adonis] TPgCm[Adonis] TpgCm Célia Michotey Total pigments content per leaf dry mass INRA INRA BBCH_18 Célia Michotey 80% of leaves/needles out 18_NB[Adonis] LS[Adonis] LS Leaf surface INRA Célia Michotey INRA TPgCa Célia Michotey TPgCa[Adonis] Total pigments content per leaf area 65_NB[Adonis] 50% of flowers sexually mature Célia Michotey BBCH_65 INRA NLV INRA NLV[Adonis] Total number of leaves Célia Michotey INRA DT[Adonis] DT Trunk diameter below largest branch Célia Michotey Inês Chaves Prego Nail size IBET Wood inclusions NS[Adonis] ? 3 Célia Michotey INRA VI_BI[Adonis] Variance of early wood density values varintraBI CLCA[Adonis] Chrysomela leaf consumed area Chrysomela INRA Célia Michotey 1 Low growth Wood radial parenchyma thickness WRP-t Inês Chaves IBET WRP-t[Adonis] BBCH_00 Célia Michotey Dormant winter buds INRA 00_NB[Adonis] IBET Inês Chaves Chlorophyll b Chl b Forking index Fork_index INRA FO_i[Adonis] Célia Michotey FO_index Inês Chaves IBET SuberinEnedioicA_CC Suberin Enedioic content NID Nests presence NID[Adonis] Célia Michotey INRA/IBET acronym 1 Less than 15-20 hypertrophied lenticels GS[Adonis] Célia Michotey GS Enzymatic activity of Glutamine INRA 50 Winter dormant flower bud Woodpecker IBET Pica-pau Inês Chaves Woodp[Adonis] Woodpecker Ho Célia Michotey INRA Ho[Adonis] Observed heterozygosity Fis[Adonis] Célia Michotey INRA Fixation index Fis INRA BarkT_mean BT_m[Adonis] Bark thickness mean Célia Michotey BBCH_79 Célia Michotey INRA 79_NB[Adonis] 90% of fruits reached maximum size Leaf relative water content LRWC Inês Chaves IBET INRA mi mi[Adonis] Célia Michotey Minimal ring density INRA Célia Michotey Alpha cubebene content a.cubebene NBV[Adonis] Alive neighboring trees Célia Michotey NBVOIS INRA Célia Michotey DEF_SEC D_S INRA DEF_S[Adonis] Drought damage defects INRA rege[Adonis] Célia Michotey Natural regeneration regeneration germacrene INRA Germacrene content Célia Michotey Célia Michotey INRA ANG_n3 Branch angle - rating on 3 ANGn3[Adonis] SECN Drought damage note INRA NSEC[Adonis] Célia Michotey 51-75% buds-burst and have visible needles 4 INRA Deviation from verticality VER[Adonis] VER Célia Michotey Fork INRA FO FO[Adonis] Célia Michotey RAM Célia Michotey Branching degree INRA RAM[Adonis] Healthy 1 Sequential branches volume Célia Michotey INRA vSeqBC vSBC[Adonis] Intra-ring variance VIC[Adonis] INRA varintracerne Célia Michotey cover2 INRA Célia Michotey Relative Vegetation/Rock cover cov2[Adonis] 1 On some branches Flexuosity - rating on 5b Célia Michotey FLX_n5b FLX5b[Adonis] INRA BBCH_32 Célia Michotey Shoots at 20% of their size INRA 32_NB[Adonis] 2 Acute angle greater than 45 ° Célia Michotey 33_NB[Adonis] BBCH_33 INRA Shoots at 30% of their size 2 10 to 25% of the leaves have fallen Fork still present at the given height [fork height] 63 30% of flowers are sexually mature. Flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. Male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. Number of latent secondary buds INRA nSLBD[Adonis] nSecLBD Célia Michotey LNC INRA NM[Adonis] NM.F Célia Michotey Leaf nitrogen content NM Double feet number NBDP[Adonis] INRA NBDP Célia Michotey Dead 1 50% of fruits mature INRA BBCH_85 Célia Michotey 85_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey 60% of flowers sexually mature BBCH_66 INRA 66_NB[Adonis] nPriBD INRA Célia Michotey nPBD[Adonis] Number of primary buds Tree circumference Ci130 Célia Michotey C130 Tree girth CIR[Adonis] INRA CIR IBET Inês Chaves Wood radial parenchyma high WRP-h[Adonis] WRP-h Terpinolene content Terpinolene INRA Célia Michotey Number of epicormic branches INRA nEBC[Adonis] Célia Michotey nEpiBC Célia Michotey Ability to vegetative propagation INRA AVP AVP[Adonis] 49_NB[Adonis] INRA BBCH_49 50% of buds lignified and mature Célia Michotey INRA BS_s[Adonis] Budset scoring Budset BS_score Célia Michotey BRR[Adonis] Célia Michotey INRA BRR Straightened branch A few fruits in two or more sections of the crown 2 Célia Michotey 73_NB[Adonis] 30% of fruits reached maximum size INRA BBCH_73 INRA 40% of leaves faded or fallen Célia Michotey BBCH_94 94_NB[Adonis] INRA US[Adonis] Uredinia size mer_ls Célia Michotey US max5[Adonis] Célia Michotey Mean strongest density values max5 INRA no damage 0 Fork(s) only in the lower half of the tree height 2 07 At least 50% of the foliar or mixed buds have burst. The green tips or bases of the leaves appear between the scales. In pines, the bud lengthens and the needles remain inside their sheath, which takes on a silvery hue; the green base of the needles can be seen. In other conifers, the needles begin to be visible. 7 Refugo Fructification note FRUCN[Adonis] INRA FRUCN Célia Michotey Pores Area IBET Inês Chaves PoA[Adonis] Pores Area Dead 2 0 No marcescent 0 Completely defoliated Ci Internal CO2 concentration IBET Inês Chaves ESP ESP[Adonis] espessura IBET Inês Chaves thickness Cork thickness before boiling 4 75 to 90% of the foliage remaining 98 80% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell CHAL_n3 INRA CHALn3[Adonis] Chalara on the tree - rating on 3 Célia Michotey 50 to 75% of the foliage remaining 3 Célia Michotey/Inês Chaves LNCa INRA/IBET Leaf nitrogen content per leaf area LNCa[Adonis] %C[Adonis] INRA %C Célia Michotey Leaf carbon content 13 Broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 30% of the crown. Pines: 30% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. Other conifers: 30% of buds with open-brushed needles IBET ETR Leaf electron transport rate Inês Chaves INRA AC[Adonis] AC Célia Michotey August shots Growth stop Collar Chalara CHALCOL Célia Michotey INRA CHALC[Adonis] LCH 3 Beautiful tree, to keep N-div_lent Inês Chaves IBET Lenticels : number of cells dividing N-DL[Adonis] 72_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey BBCH_72 INRA 20% of fruits reached maximum size 1 Angle between 0 and 30° NBBRA Célia Michotey NBBR INRA NBBR[Adonis] Branches number 61 10% of flowers are sexually mature. Flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. Male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. WF-l[Adonis] WF-l Wood fibers lengh IBET Inês Chaves INRA Epidermal cells per adaxial leaf area EP[Adonis] EP Célia Michotey INRA Shoots at 70% of their size BBCH_37 37_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey Fairly straight, slightly crooked in one direction (weak) 4 NbI INRA Number of individuals NbI[Adonis] Célia Michotey Célia Michotey P50[Adonis] INRA P50 Xylem pressure Leaves are fully expanded (early flushing) 3 INRA Phenotypic note SEL[Adonis] Célia Michotey SEL Many and/or large branches 3 10 Broadleaves: the first leaves of the crown are spread. Pines: first buds very elongated with the first needles coming out of the sheath the sheath glued in pairs. Other conifers: first buds showing open-brushed needles. 80% of leaves faded or fallen Célia Michotey BBCH_98 98_NB[Adonis] INRA 2 -9 Dead INRA HFO HTF HFO[Adonis] Célia Michotey Height fork Prego-R NS-R[Adonis] Nail size area - Radial section IBET Wood inclusions area - Radial section Inês Chaves nail Area_R No leaves have fallen 0 Beta myrcene content Célia Michotey b.myrcene INRA 5 76–100% buds-burst and have visible needles Polycyclism only on the terminal shoot 1 Célia Michotey 34_NB[Adonis] Shoots at 40% of their size BBCH_34 INRA BBCH_07 Célia Michotey 50% of buds burst 07_NB[Adonis] INRA Célia Michotey/Inês Chaves INRA/IBET WTP[Adonis] WT% Percentage of tension wood Scattered: few, scattered individuals 2 1 5 to 25% of the foliage remaining 91 10% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell BBCH_91 10% of leaves faded or fallen 91_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey INRA 69 90% of flowers are sexually mature. Flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. Male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. 12_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey BBCH_12 INRA 20% of leaves/needles out Other 8 39_NB[Adonis] INRA Shoots at 90% of their size BBCH_39 Célia Michotey % Pore size - Transversal section PorosityCoef_Tr IBET Inês Chaves % Pore-Tr PP-Tr[Adonis] INRA/IBET Drought damage FSE FS Célia Michotey SEC[Adonis] SEC 1 Dry or broken crown SuberinAlkanoicA_CC IBET Inês Chaves Suberin Hydroxyalkanoic content 1 Less than 10% of affected shoots Célia Michotey FLXn5[Adonis] FLX_n5 Flexuosity - rating on 5 INRA 10% of fruits mature INRA Célia Michotey BBCH_81 81_NB[Adonis] C_EL INRA El C_El[Adonis] Slenderness Célia Michotey HD INRA Budburst date Budflush date Célia Michotey BF_date BF_d[Adonis] Célia Michotey Date maximum color level of visible hypertrophied lenticels DHL[Adonis] INRA DHL 83_NB[Adonis] BBCH_83 Célia Michotey 30% of fruits mature INRA GO[Adonis] GO INRA Célia Michotey Enzymatic activity of glycolate oxydase BBCH_71 INRA 71_NB[Adonis] 10% of fruits reached maximum size Célia Michotey NL[Adonis] INRA Number of lobes NL Célia Michotey Célia Michotey SEX INRA SEX[Adonis] Sex determination Leaf water content Inês Chaves IBET LWC ROU INRA Rust Célia Michotey ROU[Adonis] Shoots reached 40% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) 34 INRA Célia Michotey STOM[Adonis] STOM Stomatal density 3 High allelic diversity Célia Michotey BF_BBCH BF_NB[Adonis] INRA Budflush BBCH INRA NBN NBNPRO Célia Michotey Nests number NBN[Adonis] On all branches 2 Célia Michotey 40_NB[Adonis] BBCH_40 10% of shoots at growth stop INRA 4th quarter (below 23°) 1 1 Green GIB INRA/IBET GIB[Adonis] Game damage Célia Michotey Célia Michotey/Inês Chaves TDM[Adonis] TDM INRA/IBET Dry matter Plant biomass PDW Total_mass Plant dry weight LD Célia Michotey LD[Adonis] Latent Period INRA Polycyclism nature POLY[Adonis] POLY INRA Célia Michotey Wood axial parenchyma thickness WAP-t Inês Chaves WAP-t[Adonis] IBET No hypertrophied lenticels 0 Between 25 and 50% of the area covered 6 IBET Inês Chaves WAP-h[Adonis] Wood axial parenchyma high WAP-h Damaged tree 2 NAAT[Adonis] Célia Michotey INRA NAAT Number of years with terminal bud accident Terrentas/Barrentas Terrentas/Barrentas Inês Chaves IBET First leaves faded or fallen BBCH_90 Célia Michotey INRA 90_NB[Adonis] Healthy tree 0 RQn[Adonis] INRA RQn Rubisco quantity per gram of nitrogen Célia Michotey More than 15-20 hypertrophied lenticels 2 Percentage venation Célia Michotey PV[Adonis] INRA PV 6 Fraca HT[Adonis] H INRA/IBET Height.I HT Height.F TH Height.UK Célia Michotey Tree total height 4 96 60% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell REC INRA REC[Adonis] Harvest Célia Michotey Grossa (> 18 linhas or > 40 mm) 1 0 No branch Célia Michotey He_bis Expected heterozygosity INRA He2[Adonis] INRA RQa[Adonis] RQa Célia Michotey Rubisco quantity per leaf area Forking score - rating on 5 FOSn5[Adonis] Célia Michotey FO_score_n5 INRA 4 cork S/G Syringaldehyde/Coniferaldehyde contents in cork Inês Chaves IBET Célia Michotey het5[Adonis] het5 INRA max5-min5 Alive and unfrozen 0 Worst color 0 IBET Pore_L-Ta Pore Length - Tangential section Inês Chaves PL-Ta[Adonis] PoresLength_Ta 45 At least 50% of buds have a juvenile coloration Célia Michotey Rachis number NBR[Adonis] INRA NBRACH I Célia Michotey/Inês Chaves TRW[Adonis] Tree ring width RW TRW ARW Annual ring width Growth ring width INRA/IBET DIST Distance individual/neighbor INRA DIST[Adonis] Célia Michotey Célia Michotey INRA Shoots at 80% of their size BBCH_38 38_NB[Adonis] 1st quarter (between 67° and 90°) 4 Nail size percentage - Transversal section Inês Chaves Wood inclusions percentage - Transversal section IBET PN-Tr[Adonis] % nail Area_Tr NailInclusionsCoef_Tr % Prego-Tr IBET Photosynthetic rate - light curve Inês Chaves An_LightCurve_leaf An_LightCurve Number of additional feet NBPS[Adonis] INRA NBPIEDSUP Célia Michotey Photosynthetic rate An Inês Chaves IBET 78 80% of the fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet Célia Michotey UN[Adonis] Uredinia Number INRA UN Budflush scoring - rating on 3 Célia Michotey BFSn3[Adonis] BF_score_n3 INRA PR-R[Adonis] Pore_Round-R PoresRoundness_R IBET Inês Chaves Pore Roundness - Radial section cover1 Independant Vegetation/Rock cover Célia Michotey INRA cov1[Adonis] Defoliation - rating on 5 INRA DF_n5 DF_n5[Adonis] Célia Michotey 10 Perfect 20% of fruits mature BBCH_82 Célia Michotey 82_NB[Adonis] INRA INRA Leaf chlorophyll content LCC LCC[Adonis] Célia Michotey Pores Length IBET Pores Length Inês Chaves PoLe[Adonis] 26-50% buds-burst and have visible needles 3 2 Fork in middle third of the tree 40% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) 84 Inês Chaves IBET P-Ta[Adonis] PoresArea_Ta Pore size -Tangential section Pore-Ta entity Uncertain 2 CARm INRA Carotenoid content per leaf dry mass Célia Michotey CARm[Adonis] 17 Broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 70% of the crown. Pines: 70% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. Other conifers: 70% of buds with open-brushed needles Plagiotropic 0 IBET Inês Chaves WID WID[Adonis] Wood infradensity b.caryophyllene Beta caryophyllene content Célia Michotey INRA IBET Formiga Inês Chaves Formiga Formi[Adonis] 70 The first fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet Unscathed tree, without damage 0 10% of the bud burst BBCH_06 INRA 06_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey NBAMD[Adonis] INRA Célia Michotey NBAMD Number of years monopodic - straight tree Transpiration rate Inês Chaves IBET Gs 3 Polycyclism on lateral shoots only 1-25% buds-burst and have visible needles are visible 2 sabinene Célia Michotey Sabinene content INRA 1 Smooth bark, some cracks attribute Pores Frequency Pores Frequency IBET Inês Chaves PoF[Adonis] 86 60% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) 5 Between 10 and 25% of the area covered 82 20% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) DEF D_P INRA Plant defects DEF[Adonis] Célia Michotey Cork discontinuities Inês Chaves enguy[Adonis] IBET enguy Célia Michotey LMA[Adonis] Leaf mass per leaf area LMA INRA SW[Adonis] SW INRA Sinus width Célia Michotey Up to 50% of affected shoots 2 Mean intrinsic water use efficiency MWi[Adonis] Célia Michotey MWi INRA NBASD[Adonis] NBASD Number of years sympodic - straight tree Célia Michotey INRA Frost damage note GELN Célia Michotey GELN[Adonis] INRA/IBET 09 At least 50% of the buds have the tips of the first leaves that extend beyond the tip of the scales, which may still be present. The leaves begin to individualize. In pines, the needles begin to pierce the sheath. In other conifers the first buds show individualized needles in closed brush. Hanging down (> 90°) 5 2 Marca (14 to 18 linhas or 32 to 40 mm) canker_length Célia Michotey INRA/IBET Canker.length Canker lesion length Canker_LL CLL[Adonis] Inês Chaves IBET Cork ring width CR-w CR-w[Adonis] CHALHOU INRA CHALH[Adonis] Crown Chalara Célia Michotey Crown dieback 7 WoodyPlant ontology F1 fully stretched comparable to older leaves apical but of older leaves, apical bud of fully closed between green and red 0,5 Health status red strip Célia Michotey ESBR INRA ESBR[Adonis] Regular 2 Total girdling of tree stem with associated mortality of the apex 5 Up to 75% of affected shoots 3 INRA LC[Adonis] COUL Célia Michotey Leaf color LC INRA Célia Michotey Start of shoot growth 30_NB[Adonis] BBCH_30 None < 5% 50% of leaves faded or fallen Célia Michotey 95_NB[Adonis] BBCH_95 INRA 120° 1 Little early 2 Marcescence - rating on 6 INRA MARn6[Adonis] Célia Michotey MAR_n6 Very marcescent 3 Inês Chaves WUE Water use efficiency WUE[Adonis] IBET Early 1 Branch (ramicorn; thinner than a fork) with a similar angle 4 5 Tree unharmed, not attacked DCE[Adonis] INRA Célia Michotey DCE Pollarding 2 1 to 2 very strong curves 10% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) 81 3 More than 2 rolled-up young leaves 3 A lot of fruits in a small section of the crown Branch angle - rating on 5 Célia Michotey ANGn5[Adonis] ANG_n5 INRA Between 50 and 75% of the area covered 7 a.humulene Célia Michotey Alpha humulene content INRA 2 25 to 50% of the foliage remaining INRA/IBET Cellulose wood composition Célia Michotey/Inês Chaves WCC WCC[Adonis] 5 Thin and few branches Bud scales start to burst, first needles visible 3 BiomF BioF[Adonis] BioF Foliar biomass Célia Michotey INRA INRA PR[Adonis] Petiole ratio Célia Michotey PR Gamma cadidene content Célia Michotey g.cadidene INRA Between 30° and 60° 2 53_NB[Adonis] BBCH_53 Célia Michotey Flower buds opening INRA 50% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell 95 Very strong meander 3 Fork in upper third of the trre 3 TB INRA Number of buds at the terminal cluster Célia Michotey TB[Adonis] Flor 1 Inês Chaves AnnualGrowth IBET Cork annual growth CAG[Adonis] Cork AG DV_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey Growth BBCH INRA DEV_BBCH Absence 0 DP INRA Double feet DP[Adonis] Célia Michotey INRA NV[Adonis] NV Célia Michotey Number of intercalary veins 3 2nd quarter (between 45° and 67°) IBET N-Lygn_lent Lenticels : number of cells lygnifying Inês Chaves N-LL[Adonis] 50% of leaves/needles out Célia Michotey BBCH_15 INRA 15_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey FRU_A[Adonis] INRA Fructification abundance FRUC_AB FLO INRA FLO[Adonis] Célia Michotey Blossoming Doubtful 2 3 Vigorous The first fruits of the crown are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) 80 2 4 1 Irregular Célia Michotey 35_NB[Adonis] Shoots at 50% of their size INRA BBCH_35 2 Moderate to strong bends (severe) 3 0 Alive BBCH_87 87_NB[Adonis] Célia Michotey 70% of fruits mature INRA Game damage 9 ANVERE Year reference whorl Célia Michotey AVR[Adonis] INRA 88 80% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) 40 At least 10% of the shoots show signs of growth arrest (appearance of morphological markers) INRA HRf[Adonis] HRf Célia Michotey Pubescence in lamina central part INRA RD[Adonis] Diameter below terminal bud Célia Michotey RD INRA NBCH Célia Michotey NBCH[Adonis] Collar canker number 1 to 2 cm of diameter at the insertion point 5 Few and/or thin branches 1 Célia Michotey NBREC NBREC[Adonis] CONREC INRA Harvest number 68 80% of flowers are sexually mature. Flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. Male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. INRA Number of secondary buds nSecBD Célia Michotey nSBD[Adonis] 70% of flowers are sexually mature. Flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. Male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. 67 P-Tr[Adonis] PoresArea_Tr IBET Pore-Tr Inês Chaves Pore size - Transversal section 3 Late 1 Below 30° (steep) 1 Absence: no recruit visible Célia Michotey NBBRM INRA Nomber of master branches NBBRM[Adonis] White bud (hair) 3 Célia Michotey PL INRA PL[Adonis] Petiole length 4 Green white bud, beginning of leaves 99 0% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell 65 50% of flowers are sexually mature. Flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. Male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. IBET Phenols_CC Polyphenols cork composition Inês Chaves 3 Presence of attack and necrosis on one or more main axes 76 60% of the fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet 4 The needle stretches up to twice the size of the bud, the needles are still tight to the shoot if bud scales are still there or they are splayed out 1 Low marcescence 6 ? 49 At least 50% of buds are lignified and mature 3 Crown starts yellowing Fairly large but few branches per whorl 3 Célia Michotey Individual slope slope[Adonis] INRA slope 3 Significant damages INRA Célia Michotey nE[Adonis] Number of epicormics nEpis 3rd quarter (between 23° and 45°) 2 1,5 F2 fully stretched transition to bud structure Célia Michotey SUR_R[Adonis] SUR_Rate INRA Survival rate 1 Crown with brownish foliage and needle fall 85 50% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) Célia Michotey Status STAT STAT[Adonis] INRA PEPc[Adonis] INRA PEPc Célia Michotey Enzymatic activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase Total suberin content TSuberin_CC IBET Inês Chaves 4 A lot of fruits in two or more sections of the crown Little 5 - 20% 3 Slight to moderate bends in different directions (weak) Beta pinene content b.pinene INRA Célia Michotey Dormant winter bud completely enveloped by the scales (perulae) 1 3 Ill 0 On no branches Abundant: abundant groups or few groups but with many individuals regularly spread all over the plot 4 Marcescent 2 5 Delgadinha (6 to 8 linhas or 14 to 18 mm) 70% of the fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet 77 55 The majority of floral buds have emerged from the buds but are closed. Flowers with petals: the majority of flower buds have emerged from the buds and are still closed, but the colour of the petals is visible. Male flowers in catkins: the catkins are at the end of lengthening, the scales begin to move apart. Other flowers: stamens begin to be visible. 0 Nothing > 95% Full cover 6 87 70% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) Dormant winter bud 1 INRA Célia Michotey HRn HRn[Adonis] Pubescence along the veins 2 to 3 cm of diameter at the insertion point 4 IBET Inês Chaves SuberinTyramine_CC Suberin Tyramine content 60% of flowers are sexually mature. Flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. Male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. 66 4 Angle greater than 55° Inês Chaves IBET Leaf_An_curve Leaf photosynthesis light response curve Célia Michotey Lobe width ratio LWR[Adonis] INRA LWR Shoots reached 60% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) 36 20 - 40% Low 9 1 Small COMP[Adonis] Célia Michotey COMP INRA Competition BBCH_50 INRA Célia Michotey Dormant winter flower bud 50_NB[Adonis] 3 75% of crack bark No damage 1 Célia Michotey Amean[Adonis] Mean assimilation rate INRA Amean 20% of flowers sexually mature INRA Célia Michotey 62_NB[Adonis] BBCH_62 1 Tree completely dry, the main axis and lateral shoots remain 2 1 More than 2 very strong curves Célia Michotey Branching - rating on 3 INRA BRA_n3 BRAn3[Adonis] Dormant winter bud (late flushing) 1 Célia Michotey Height first living branch HBV[Adonis] INRA HBV Doubtful -5 20% of flowers are sexually mature. Flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. Male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. 62 mBI Mean early wood density Célia Michotey mBI[Adonis] INRA soil_depth depth[Adonis] INRA Soil depth Célia Michotey 4 ? 50% of smooth bark, moderate cracks 2 Fork gone but transformed into a large branch 1 4 Thin branches but distributed along the shoot 1 Male IBET Inês Chaves WV-d Wood vessels diameter WV-d[Adonis] 1 to 2 strong curves 3 3 Groups: presence of scattered groups 5 Big Fork in lower third of the tree 1 Leaning tree 3 Shoots reached 30% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) 33 Acute angle less than 45 ° 3 cs Top dry Become of fork DEVFO[Adonis] DEVFO INRA Célia Michotey Beautiful tree, to keep, deserves to be selected 4 2 INRA Chalara on the tree lower part CHALinf CHAB[Adonis] Célia Michotey CHALB Bark roughness BarkR INRA BarkR[Adonis] Célia Michotey More than 10 non-agglomerated sores 3 75 to 100% of the leaves have fallen 75 % à 90 % du feuillage restant 4 Shoots reached 70% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) 37 The majority of the flower buds began to swell 51 absence 0 Medium allelic diversity 2 2 Chalara easy to see LW[Adonis] Lobe width Célia Michotey INRA LW No fruits 0 8 ? 2 39 Shoots reached 90% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) F1 fully stretched with juvenile aspect, F2 comparable to older leaves apical bud not fully closed 1 Boa 3 90 The first leaves of the crown have faded or fallen Abundant 2 3 Medium Canker is developed along between 40% and 60% of stem circumference 3 Tree gone 5 EPI[Adonis] INRA EPI Epinasty Célia Michotey 3 Chalara very present Leaf_CO2_curve IBET Inês Chaves Leaf CO2 light response curve wood S/G Syringaldehyde/Coniferaldehyde contents in wood IBET Inês Chaves 2 Strong meander 14 Broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 40% of the crown. Pines: 40% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. Other conifers: 40% of buds with open-brushed needles 5 Very visible leaves At least 10% of buds have the tips of the first leaves that extend beyond the tip of the bud scales 08 7 Presence of a few sores (10 max) difficult to detect 2 4 to 5 cm of diameter at the insertion point 2 19 Broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 90% of the crown. Pines: 90% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. Other conifers: 90% of buds with open-brushed needles 5 Dead tree Dead -9 3 50 to 75% of the leaves have fallen 6 na Missing data Kept 0 6 Fork Multi strands mbs 3 Between 60° and 90° (plain) 8 Spread leaves, long shoot Worst 10 Célia Michotey a.copaene INRA Alpha copaene content 53 The majority of the flower buds have begun to open 1 1 ? High 60 - 80% 1 Doubtful 4 Canker is developed along between 60% and 80% of stem circumference na Missing data 30% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell 93 ? 5 INRA HPR HPR[Adonis] Célia Michotey Enzymatic activity of hydroxypyruvate reductase Shoots reached 10% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) 31 3 3 to 4 cm of diameter at the insertion point Very vigorous 4 0 No polycyclism 97 70% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell 18 Broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 80% of the crown. Pines: 80% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. Other conifers: 80% of buds with open-brushed needles 6 Leaves completely unfolded (but smaller in size than mature ones), lengthening of the axis of the shoot evident, scales absent 1 Dominated tree 0 Nothing, no chalara Medium 40 - 60% Naked tree (completely or with some top marcescent needles) 0 Moderate damages 2 0 Smooth bark, no cracks 1 No straight stem (severe) 0 Monoecious (both male and female) 64 40% of flowers are sexually mature. Flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. Male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. 1 Very numerous branches, large, concentrated double at the whorls and/or distributed along the shoot 71 10% of the fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet Forks developed both in upper and in lower half of the tree height 1 Very high 80 - 95% 20% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell 92 1 presence 4 Up to 99% of affected shoots, tree almost dead 1 Less than 10% of the leaves have fallen Média 5 Less vigorous 2 Medium heterozygosity 2 3 50 to 100% of the leaves have fallen Orthotropic 1 15 Broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 50% of the crown. Pines: 50% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. Other conifers: 50% of buds with open-brushed needles 1 1/4 of the total height of the plant dry 89 90% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) 06 At least 10% of the bud burst. Leaves appear between the scales. In pines, the bud lengthens and the needles remain inside their sheath which takes a silver tint; we see the green base of the needles. In other conifers, the needles begin to be visible. More than 75% of the area covered 8 5 No fork 60° 3 1 damage to the n-1 shoot Accidentally cut 3 90% of the fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet 79 0 Apical bud red brown Null 0 2 Bud-burst, first green is visible (intermediate) Broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 60% of the crown. Pines: 60% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. Other conifers: 60% of buds with open-brushed needles 16 F2 fully stretched no bud structure 2 2 Superior 4 Very late Broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 10% of the crown. Pines: 10% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. Other conifers: 10% of buds with open-brushed needles 11 0 Fork gone and not transformed into a large branch 0 Straight 1 Medium 4 Totally dry plant 00 Dormant winter bud Shoots reached 80% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) 38 1 Chalara difficult to see or visible but weak Polycyclism on the terminal and lateral shoots and these lateral shoots are codominant 4 83 30% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) 2 Polycyclism on the terminal and lateral shoots and these lateral shoots remain dominated Fork(s) only in upper half of the tree height 3 5 Canker is developed along between 20% and 40% of stem circumference 2 1 1 pollarding ram Ramicorn 4 1 to 2 light curves 2 Crown completely yellow Almost spread leaves, start of shoot 7 The first flowers are sexually mature. Flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. Male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. 60 1/2 of the total height of the plant dry 2 Leaves expanding and diverging with their blades sill rolled up, scales may be present or absent 5 3 No symptom 0 10 Best color 0 Tree completely dry, only the main axis remains 4 No fork 3 4 Less than 10% of the area covered Dry tree 4 2 Angle between 30 and 40° 5 2 Female Dormant winter bud 1 None Leaf surface protocol g/m2 enzymatic activity Enzymatic activity of glycolate oxydase leaf GO Enzymatic activity of glycolate oxydase Specific activity of rubisco in leaves SAR enzymatic activity leaf Specific activity of Rubisco in leaves GR plant Tree growth growth Assessment of the growth of the tree PR Petiole ratio petiol Petiole ratio growth unit Assessment of growth units quantity Growth unit quantity quantity NBUC Competition protocol The distance-dependent competition index is assessed by using the distance and diameter mesures of the 5 nearest neighbors to the target tree. It should also be specified whether they are conspecific or not with the sample tree. µmol.m-2.s-1 Presence/Absence cork Pores roundness Pores Roundness pore roundness Circular discontinuities will have roundness about 1. When the pore is less circular the roundness value will be higher. Damage scoring scale quantity NbA Assessment of alleles quantity in the population allele Alleles quantity plant Height increase by the growth of the tree main stem height IH Height increment PriBD Assessment of primary buds quantity. The primary bud is the first to grow after the winter dormant period and is the most likely to develop a robust shoot during the growing season. quantity Primary bud quantity primary bud Number of individuals NbI plant Number of individuals in the population quantity branch Assessment of the branches angle angle Branch angle ANG foot Additional feet quantity Assessment of additional feet quantity for the same tree since last passage NBPIEDSUP net_An Net photosynthesis Net photosynthesis Cork discontinuities cork Sharp furrows, oriented longitudinally on the coast of the planks, and may cause discontinuities in the first layers of cork that were produced enguy discontinuities width Largest width of the lamina lamina Lamina largest width WP mass/area Leaf mass per leaf area LMA Leaf mass per leaf area leaf Branching habit scoring scale Calendar day Flexuosity scoring scale on 3 kg/m3 Chlorophyll protocol Chlorophyll measurement: Absorbance was measured with a spectrophotometer (DU-70 Spectrophotometer, Beckman, USA) at 663.2 and 646.8 nm in a quartz cuvette. A646.8 is the absorbance at 646.8 nm and A663.2 is the absorbance at 663.2 nm, v is volume (ml), DW is dry weight. Mass percentage fructification fruit FRUC Fructification Assessment of the fructification branch Assessment of the tree branches density Branching density plant BRA µmol electron m-2 s-1 BBCH_16 evaluation Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 60% of the crown. For pines: 60% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. For other conifers: 60% of buds with open-brushed needles. Coefficient calculated for each untreated plant by comparing the values of a growth (HT, CIR or Vol) with the average values of the same for plants of the same genotype in treated situation Tolerance protocol Budburst scoring scale Budflush precocity BF_prec Coefficient of the budflush precocity bud bud break molecule content 3 carene content leaf 3Carene 3 carene content Geotropism scoring scale leaf carbon discrimination Carbon isotope (C13) composition in leaves Delta13C Delta C13 Assessment of epicormic branches quantity, shoots growing from a dormant bud lying underneath the bark of an old structure Epicormic branches quantity quantity EpiBC epicormic branch Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves of the crown are spread. For pines: first buds very elongated with the first needles coming out of the sheath the sheath glued in pairs. For other conifers: first buds showing open-brushed needles. BBCH_10 evaluation SeqBC sequential branch sequential branch Assessment of sequential branches quantity, shoots produced throughout tree development within a short time period after the bearer growth unit has formed Sequential branches quantity Total area of the leaf area LA leaf Leaf area Ratio between the number of stomata and the total number of epidermal cells counted on the same unit area SI stomatal index Stomatal index leaf Name of the file or archive where photo(s) of the tree can be found photo Photo plant observation Visual scoring Visual assessment with a reference scoring scale Shoot dry mass Shoot dry mass SHDM shoot dry mass NID Assessment of the quantity of nests on the tree nest Nests quantity quantity Lenght of the circular discontinuities of the cork plank pore lenght Pore lenght cork Pores Length mg/g Lygnifying lenticel cells Assessment of the number of lenticel cells lygnifying cork N-Lygn_lent cell lygnifying leaf Quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II PhiPS2 photosystem II Assessment of the date when shoots reached 10% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) BBCH_31 evaluation Abundance in crown scoring scale Debarking protocol None Leaf gas exchange light response curve protocol Leaf gas exchange was assessed with a portable infrared gas analyzer (LI-6400; LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, USA) equipped with a fluorometer (LI-6400-40, LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, USA). Light response curves were performed 5–11 h after photoperiod initiation, using fully expanded leaves of 71 days-old plants under good illumination. A 28°C block temperature was used, with CO2 concentration at 400 ppm and an air flow rate of 500 umol s−1. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was gradually decreased from 2000 to 0 (2000; 1750; 1500; 1200; 900; 700; 500; 250; 100; 70; 50 and 0 µmol photon m−2 s−1). A 2–3 min acclimation period was performed between the measurements of the 12 light levels. Computation per gram of protein None stem CB basal curve Basal sweep Assessment of the basal curve Assessment of the date when 80% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) BBCH_88 evaluation Assessment of the date when 20% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) BBCH_82 evaluation leaf Leaf perimeter perimeter Leaf perimeter LP CM Carbon content in leaves leaf Leaf carbon content carbon content Visual appreciation at the inoculation point with a reference scoring scale. Most protocol are using 2 or 3 inoculation points per tree. Canker girdling index protocol damages stem GIB Game damage Assessment of game damages secondary epicormic bud Epicormic secondary bud quantity Assessment of epicormic secondary buds quantity, a secondary bud having reached the bark as its growth has been delayed for a rather long time SecLBD quantity cover Estimatation of the amount of vegetation or rock cover on the ground around the tree soil Vegetation/Rock cover cover inclination branch aSeqBC Sequential branches angle Mean inclination angle per log of the sequential branches Forking score Assessment of forks position on the tree plant FO_score forks position Slenderness of the tree, calculated by dividing its total height by its diameter C_El Slenderness plant slenderness pilodyn stem Penetration opposition Assessment of wood hardness by testing its resistance to pilodyn penetration PIL S/RDM shoot/root Shoot/Root dry mass biomass Shoot to Root dry weight ratio The maximum value of a list of measured or computed values Maximal value Foliar biomass foliar biomass plant Foliar biomass, the mass of biodegradable living matter of the crown BioF Delta cadidene content leaf molecule content d.cadidene Delta cadidene content Aspect protocol The aspect/direction (azimuth) is measured by compass (5 degree steps) in the direction of the steepest slope Cumulative value Calculation of the cumulative value of a series of measured or computed values cm Amount of water in the stem water content SWC stem Stem water content cork Cobrilha status quality The larva of the coriander (Coroebus undatus) that digs galleries in the nest near the felogene Cobrilha m Intercalary veins quantity Assessment of the quantity of leaf intercalary veins NV leaf vein quantity µm BBCH_01 evaluation Assessment of the date when most leaf or mixed buds began to swell Number/area Assessment of rust, a plant disease caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales (previously also known as Uredinales) Rust plant rust ROU Leaf area counting protocol Counted on a fixed leaf area of 0.182 mm² The minimum value of a list of measured or computed values Minimal value Total cork chemical composition in suberin monomores suberin content Total suberin content Total suberin content cork Obversity protocol None Measured below the terminal bud Shoot diameter protocol hemicellulose content wood Hemicellulose wood composition Hemicellulose wood composition WHC cork Prego Area of the nail inclusions Nail inclusions nail inclusions Leaf carotenoid content carotenoide content leaf Carotenoid content in leaves CAR Height of the branch Branch height height HB branch Defects scoring scale CIR circumference Circumference of the tree main stem Tree circumference stem debarking N-debark Debarkings quantity cork Assessment of debarkings quantity Drying up scoring scale Counting made with X-Ray X-Ray counting protocol Alpha humulene content a.humulene leaf molecule content Alpha humulene content Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 90% of the crown. For pines: 90% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. For other conifers: 90% of buds with open-brushed needles. BBCH_19 evaluation Carboxylation efficiency An/Ci carboxylation efficiency The initial slope provides an in vivo measure of the activity of Rubisco in the leaf. This is sometimes called the mesophyll conductance. leaf Hour Branches angle scoring scale on 3 BBCH_92 evaluation Assessment of the date when 20% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell BBCH_63 evaluation Assessment of the date when 30% of flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. Assessment of the date when 40% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) BBCH_84 evaluation Lobe depth ratio LDR depth Lobe depth ratio lobe Wood axial parenchyma high high WAP-h Wood axial parenchyma high axial parenchyma Survival SUR Assessment of the survival state of the tree plant survival plant MAR Assessment of the marcescence, the retention of dead plant organs that normally are shed such as the withering of leaves without falling off marcescence Marcescence Relative cover protocol Plant and rock covers are assessed relatively to each other (as if seen from above) in the 10x10 m virtual plot around the tree and with a predefined scoring scale. As the estimations are relatives, the total of the two must be 100%. wood Cork chemical composition in cellulose cellulose content WCC Cellulose wood composition cork Cork ring width CR-w ring width Cork ring width None Cork ring width protocol To boil the cork, the 30×30 cm samples are submerged in water at approximately 90°C for 1 h. During the drying period of 72 h cork is kept protected from direct light. The marked positions are then measured for comparison with data obtained before boiling. Cork thickness after boiling protocol Chemical content protocol Content measured by chemical analysis Assessment of the tree condition in the face of a chalara attack, a disease in ash trees characterised by leaf loss and crown dieback and caused by the fungus Chalara fraxinea plant CHAL chalara Chalara Independant cover protocol Plant and rock covers are assessed independently in the 10x10 m virtual plot around the tree and with a predefined scoring scale. As the estimations are independent, the total of the two can be > 100% (some plants can grow over rocks). BBCH_37 evaluation Assessment of the date when shoots reached 70% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) BBCH_55 evaluation Assessment of the date when the majority of floral buds have emerged from the buds but are closed. For flowers with petals: the majority of flower buds have emerged from the buds and are still closed, but the colour of the petals is visible. For male flowers in catkins: the catkins are at the end of lengthening, the scales begin to move apart. For other flowers: stamens begin to be visible. Suberin Oleic content Cork chemical composition in suberin monomores (long-chain alfa, omega-bifunctional fatty acids): Oleic acide suberin content Suberin Oleic content cork RACH Assessment of rachis quantity, the main stem of a compound leaf bearing each leaflet of the blade Rachis quantity quantity rachis Allelic richness scoring scale canopy_projection diameter Length of the maximum extension of canopy branches from one end to the other (crown diameter) crown Canopy projection secondary bud SecBD Assessment of secondary buds quantity. The secondary bud is present next to the primary bud within the compound bud and it is dormant until it is needed by the plant as a back up when the primary bud fails. Secondary bud quantity quantity Curves scoring scale on 5 BBCH_74 evaluation Assessment of the date when 40% of the fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet LD plant Latent Period latency Latency measured against a given rust strain Colorimetric protocol Colorimetric determination Ci Sub-stomatal cavity CO2 concentration measured under light curve Internal CO2 concentration CO2 leaf Chlorophyll a to b ratio Chlorophyll ratio protocol BBCH_94 evaluation Assessment of the date when 40% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell BBCH_83 evaluation Assessment of the date when 30% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) Mean value Calculation of the mean of a series of measured or computed values None Wood width protocol root RWC water content Root water content Amount of water in roots shape plant Assessment of the shape of the tree Tree shape FOR % Chalara scoring scale on 3 Count Uredia number protocol Count of uredia formed 14 days after inoculation. soil Soil depth around the tree depth Soil depth soil_depth appearance ANVERE Year of appearance of the reference verticula branch Reference whorl Water content (WC) measurements were performed according to Levitt, 1980. FW: Fresh weight of plant material was determined at the end of the experiment (day 35). DW: Dry weight (g) was determined after drying plant material at 70°C (until a constant weight was achieved). Water content protocol Number of secateur knocks when shaping NBS pruning plant Secateur knocks number Assessment of the feet quantity on the tree Feet quantity NBPIED foot quantity quantity NBBRM Assessment of the quantity of branches of diameter approximately equal or greater than the trunk diameter Master branches quantity master branche Assessment of the survival state of the terminal bud, the bud at the tip of the stem bud TE survival Terminal bud status Assessment of the date when the first fruits of the crown are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) BBCH_80 evaluation Lenticels protocol None Fixation index Fis population Assessment of the panmixia (or panmicticism) standard deviation. It is the ability of individuals in a population to interbreed without restrictions; individuals are able to move about freely within their habitat, possibly over a range of hundreds to thousands of miles, and thus breed with other members of the population panmixia leaf Dissolved oxygen content Dissolved oxygen content in leaves oxygen content DOC plant Plant defects Assessment of the plant defects DEF defects Cork industrial quality protocols Visual assessment with a reference scoring scale for cork industrial quality Alpha cubebene content Alpha cubebene content leaf a.cubebene molecule content m2.MPa-1.s-1 suberin content cork Suberin Glycerol content Cork chemical composition in suberin monomers (Glycerol and phenolics): Glycerol Suberin Glycerol content Yes/No None Measurement cm2/g Latent period protocol Duration in half-day scale between date of inoculation and first sporulating uredia. Rainfall on the site of the population population Prec Rainfall precipitation Wood vessels cell wall thickness Wood vessels cell wall thickness wood vessel cell wall thickness WV-CW-t Assessment of the phenotypic value of the tree for selection plant Phenotypic note selection SEL Plant width at the soil level in spring R Plant width at the soil level width plant leaf LDM Leaf dry mass Weight of the dry leaf biomass Sex scoring scale HTrunk height stem Height of trunk below the first branches of the canopy Height trunk Visual assessment Visual assessment cm2 fiber thickness wood Wood fibers thickness WF-t Wood fibers thickness forking index Combination of the forking position and the number of forks, the highest index being for non-forking trees and for trees with a lower number of forks at a higher position FO_index Forking index plant Half-day Forking scoring scale on 5 needle Needles coloration color AIG Assessment of the Larch needles coloration leaf Leaf surface LS surface Leaf surface Number BBCH_81 evaluation Assessment of the date when 10% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) Frost damages scoring scale leaf LV Assessment of the quantity of leaves on the tree Leaf quantity quantity Quenching protocol None wood H/S/G molecule content Hydroxyphenylaldehyde/Syringaldehyde/Coniferaldehyde contents Ratio between Hydroxyphenyl (H) Syringyl (S) and Guaiacyl (G) contents Canker girdling Canker_G stem lesion Lateral extent of a canker lesion, an area of dead tissue which grow slowly and is caused by bacteria or fungus dm Calliper 130cm protocol Measured at 130 cm from the ground (approximately breast height) with a calliper graduated in millimeters. If the tree has more than one trunk all of them have to be measured and the average has to be recorded (note that tree is multitrunk in comments). wood WD density Wood density Wood density, or the dry weight per unit volume of wood Visual count Visual count wood molecule content S/G Syringaldehyde/Coniferaldehyde contents Ratio between Syringyl (S) and Guaiacyl (G) contents Assessment of the date when 90% of flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. BBCH_69 evaluation leaf pigment content Pigments content in leaves Leaf pigments content TPgC monopodic plant Monopodic growth Assessment of monopodic growth. The main or primary axis continues its original line of growth giving off successive axes or lateral branches from the apex of the main meristem. monopodic BRAH Branching habit Branching habit branch Assessment of sympodic growth. The apparent main axis is not developed from a terminal bud but transferred to a lateral meristem made up of successive secondary axes each of which represents one fork of a dichotomy, the other being of weaker growth or suppressed entirely. Sympodial growth sympodic sympodic plant Terminal bud diameter bud TBD Diameter of terminal bud diameter FO quantity Fork quantity Assessment of forks quantity, appearance of sequential branches with an inclination angle greater than 45° fork Measured at 130cm from the ground (approximately breast height) with a graduated ribbon Ribbon 130cm protocol nkat/mg Cork defects - Transversal section protocol Defects are quantified in the two transversal of 20 × 20 cm boards cut from the previous 30 × 30 cm boiled planks, and also in four strips of 20 × 1 cm (obtained from the same 30 × 30 cm samples), corresponding to transversal surfaces (two strips for each surface). Each of the four faces of the 20 × 20 cm boards and the two faces of the 20 × 1 cm strips were photographed with a camera (10 mega pixels resolution). The defect areas were measured by image analysis, defining the limiting color threshold by visual inspection, using the Leica QWin software (V3.X—Leica Microsystems, Germany). Lengths were calibrated using a calibration ruler. The two types of defects were measured separately: cork porosity and nail inclusions. Assessment of the date when at least 50% of buds have a juvenile coloration BBCH_45 evaluation Numerical unknown Cork quality quality cork QUAL Evaluated by the homogeneity of the cork, aspecto da barriga and aspecto das costas which are an association of different features. Varies between 1st to 6th and refugo where 1st is the best, 6th the worst and refugo even worst. survival leaf Withered leaves Assessment of the survival state of leaves WI Lenticel cell with secondary wall deposition N-2W_lent cell with secondary wall deposition cork Assessment of the number of lenticels cells with secondary wall deposition Computation None Unknown Crown dieback dieback DC crown Assessment of crown dieback, a condition in woody plants in which peripheral parts of the crown are killed LCC Leaf chlorophyll content chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in leaves leaf BBCH_70 evaluation Assessment of the date when the first fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet Inst_Carbon_eff Instantaneous carboxylation efficiency Instantaneous carboxylation efficiency carboxylation efficiency leaf Neighbor distance protocol Measure of the distance between the observed tree and its targeted neighbor Degree Marcescence scoring scale on 6 Suberin Ectadecanedioid content Suberin Ectadecanedioid content Cork chemical composition in suberin monomores (long-chain alfa, omega-bifunctional fatty acids): Ectadecanedioid acid suberin content cork The maximum value of a list of measured meteo values Maximal meteo value mmol H2O m-2 s-1 TRW Tree ring width Growth rings, also referred to as tree rings or annual rings, can be seen in a horizontal cross section cut through the trunk of a tree ring width wood root biomass Root dry mass RDM Weight of the dry root Estimated date from polynomial regression of a time series of budflush or budset scores Bud date protocol bud budset Assessment of the budset level Budset BS_score Heterozygosity Heterozygosity population heterozygosity Assessment of the heterozygosity in the population BBCH_09 evaluation Assessment of the date when at least 50% of the buds have the tips of the first leaves that extend beyond the tip of the scales, which may still be present. The leaves begin to individualize. In pines, the needles begin to pierce the sheath. In other conifers the first buds show individualized needles in closed brush. Regeneration scoring scale Assessment of the date when the majority of the flower buds began to swell BBCH_51 evaluation Defoliation scoring scale on 3 leaf RQ rubisco content Leaf rubisco content Rubisco content in leaves Bark thickness protocol Measured randomly at 130 cm from ground level (approximately breast height) using either a small calliper or ruler (if the bark can be detached without damage for the tree) or with specifically designed bark gauges. Assessment of hypertrophied lenticels quantity, a loose aggregation of cells which penetrates the surface of a woody plant and through which gases are exchanged between the atmosphere and the underlying tissues quantity lenticel Hypertrophied lenticels quantity THL Hypertophied lenticels scoring scale FLX plant Tree flexuosity flexuosity Assessment of the flexuosity of the tree Assessment of the date when 90% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell BBCH_99 evaluation Increase protocol Calculation of the difference between 2 measured values of the same morphological observation (ex: circunference, height) at different times to evaluate the tree growth Assessment of the date when the majority of the flower buds have begun to open BBCH_53 evaluation Assessed by the average of 3 rounds of counting of fruits/cones Fruits/Cones mean Observation made by X-Ray X-Ray protocol wood Wood Carbon content carbon content C Carbon content in wood cm-2 Slope protocol Starting at the tree, one member of the field team walks 5 meters down and another walks 5 meters upslope. The measure is done using a clinometer and looking at the other´s eyes. azimuth soil The direction (azimuth) that the slope faces at the location of the tree Individual aspect azimuth Assessment of the quantity of resprouts or shoots more than 30cm-long after coppicing shoot Shoots quantity Resprout quantity Notation of the fork appearance ANFO stem fork Forking Assessment of the date when 10% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell BBCH_91 evaluation Rust scoring scale parts per million (ppm) break Budflush BF_score bud Assessment of the bud break level Number of whorls whith 1 default (fork, ramicorn…). A whorl or verticil is an arrangement of at least 3 sepals, petals, leaves, stipules or branches that radiate from a single point and surround or wrap around the stem. DEF_V Whorl defects whorl default wood Hydrogen content in wood hydrogen content Wood Hydrogen H stem Diameter of the tree main stem Stem diameter D diameter Chlorophyll b content in leaf green tissue leaf Chl b Chlorophyll b chlorophyll content mm Heterozygosity scoring scale Tol Rust tolerance coefficient measured by comparing the growing values (CIR, HT, Vol) on treated and untreated plants plant Tolerance tolerance Calculation of the medium of a series of measured or computed values Medium value External hypertrophied lenticels diameter diameter External hypertrophied lenticels diameter lenticel EHLD Wood parenchyma protocol None Protein content in leaves leaf Leaf protein content protein content TPC Leaf chlorophyll content protocol Chlorophyll content was measured twice a week from 6 days before water-logging to 47 days of treatment. Measurements were made on 3 fully developed leaves of the last growth flush before water-logging on each tree, using a chlorophyll content meter (CCM, Opti Science, Tyngsboro, USA). stomatal conductance gC Stomatal conductance to CO2 leaf Stomatal conductance, the rate of passage of carbon dioxide (CO2) entering through the stomata of a leaf None Percentage venation protocol Drought defects scoring scale Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 20% of the crown. For pines: 20% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. For other conifers: 20% of buds with open-brushed needles. BBCH_12 evaluation BBCH_78 evaluation Assessment of the date when 80% of the fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet Tension wood quality cork WT% Tension wood, reaction wood formed on the upper side of tree branches and leaning trunks and characterized by narrower and thinner walled wood and fiber elements, excessive longitudinal shrinkage, and tendency to collapse on drying Assessment of the date when at least 10% of the shoots show signs of growth arrest (appearance of morphological markers) BBCH_40 evaluation HFO Height fork Insertion height of the fork fork height mmol CO2 m-2 s-1 ppm-1 Budflush conifers apical bud scoring scale Ring surface wood surf ring surface Surface of the rings, the layer of wood produced by a single years growth of a woody plant damages GEL plant Assessment of frost damages Frost damage Content ratio measured by chemical analysis Chemical content ratio protocol None Cork age protocol leaf Stomatal conductance to water vapour gW stomatal conductance Stomatal conductance, the rate of passage of water vapor exiting through the stomata of a leaf Assessment of the drying up level of the stem drying up DES Stem drying up plant plant height Total height of the tree, from the ground to the tallest part of the crown Tree height HT Competition Appreciation of the space available for the tree to grow COMP plant competition Chrysomela leaf consumed area leaf consumed area Leaf area consumed by chrysomela (phytophagous insect) Chrysomela BI Assessment of earlywood density, the softer more porous portion of an annual ring of wood that develops early in the growing season Earlywood density earlywood wood Wi leaf Water use efficiency, the ratio of water used in plant metabolism to water lost by the plant through transpiration water use Water use efficiency BS_date budset Assessment of the date when budset score will be reached for the first time Budset date bud polycyclism POLY Polycyclism nature Assessment of the polycyclism nature, the ability for a plant to produce several flushes in the same growing season plant SEX Determination of the tree sex plant Sex determination sex BBCH_03 evaluation Assessment of the date when most leaf or mixed buds have finished swelling and are ready to burst. For some species, the scales may have changed color. Maximum colour level of visible hypertrophied lenticels lenticel DHL Maximum colour level of visible hypertrophied lenticels color leaf Photosystem II operating efficiency photosystem II AnII_Ef Photosystem II operating efficiency Enzymatic activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase enzymatic activity leaf PEPc Enzymatic activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase Computation per gram of nitrogen None slope soil Slope angle at the location of the tree slope Individual slope Assessment of the date when shoots reached 60% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) BBCH_36 evaluation Budflush scoring scale sur 8 Measured with spectrophotometer Beckman DU 640 and reported to leaf area Computation per leaf area Stone content in the soil around the tree stone_content Soil stone content soil stone content Slope of the vulnerability curve Slope of the vulnerability curve S50 vulnerability curve slope None Petiol ratio protocol leaf Terpinolene content Terpinolene molecule content Terpinolene content leaf molecule content camphene Camphene content Camphene content bud number Buds at the terminal cluster Number of buds at the terminal cluster TB Assessed by the average of 2 perpendicular diameter measurements across the crown, with the first measurement made along the longest axis of the crown from one edge to the opposite edge. Crown size protocol Assessment of the competition situation at the tree level NCI Competition index plant competition index Soil water availability Amount of water present in the soil water availability soil SWA spread crown Footprint or plan area of the crown of a tree expressed as crown width crown_size Crown size Assessment of the lamina pubescence, the fact of having fine hairs more or less spaced on the leaf blade lamina HR Lamina pubescence pubescence Ratio between epicormic branches and epicormics rEpiBC epicormic epicormic branche Ratio epicormic branches/epicormics leaf stomatal density STOM Stomatal density Assessment of the number of stomata, the stomata controling the movement of gases in and out of a leaf, making carbon dioxide available for photosynthesis and controlling the loss of water from the leaf through transpiration GRA Seeds quantity Assessment of seeds quantity seed quantity Visual assessment of the status of terminal apex with a reference scoring scale Budset protocol None het5 Epinasty EPI epinasty Assessment of epinasty, a nastic movement in which a plant part (such as a leaf) is bent outward and often downward leaf Suberin Enedioic content suberin content Suberin Enedioic content Cork chemical composition in suberin monomores (long-chain alfa, omega-bifunctional fatty acids): Enedioic acid cork cell dividing cork Dividing lenticel cells N-div_lent Assessment of the number of lenticel cells dividing g Latewood density wood latewood BF Assessment of latewood density, the harder and less porous portion of an annual ring of wood that develops late in the growing season cork age scoring scale Roots were cleaned with tap water and adventitious roots were counted, sampled and their length measured. Dry mass was measured on fine, main and adventitious roots, separately, and on leaves and stems. Dry weight was determined after drying plant material at 70°C (until a constant weight was achieved). Shoot/Root dry weight protocol Cork defects - Radial section protocol Defects are quantified in the two radial surfaces of 20 × 20 cm boards cut from the previous 30 × 30 cm boiled planks, and also in four strips of 20 × 1 cm (obtained from the same 30 × 30 cm samples), corresponding to radial surfaces (two strips for each surface). Each of the four faces of the 20 × 20 cm boards and the two faces of the 20 × 1 cm strips were photographed with a camera (10 mega pixels resolution). The defect areas are measured by image analysis, defining the limiting color threshold by visual inspection, using the Leica QWin software (V3.X—Leica Microsystems, Germany). Lengths were calibrated using a calibration ruler. The two types of defects were measured separately: cork porosity and nail inclusions. Ribbon 1m protocol Measured at 1m from the ground with a graduated ribbon Assessment of the date when 60% of flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. BBCH_66 evaluation Alpha copaene content Alpha copaene content a.copaene leaf molecule content Assessment of the date when shoots reached 20% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) BBCH_32 evaluation Crown chalara scoring scale Woodpecker status cork Woodpecker quality The woodpecker (Dendrocopus minor) that in pursuit of the larvae of the cobrilha also perforates often the planks. Assimilation rate A Assimilation rate assimilation leaf Wood density, or the dry weight per unit volume of wood wood WID infradensity Wood infradensity nP Primary branching quantity quantity primary branching Assessment of primary branching quantity Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 50% of the crown. For pines: 50% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. For other conifers: 50% of buds with open-brushed needles. BBCH_15 evaluation Marcescence scoring scale on 3 Epinasty protocol The occurrence of leaf epinasty was recorded using three ordinals classes: above perpendicular, perpendicular to stem axis and less then perpendicular, and three numerical values were assigned for these classes: 120°, 90° and 60° Assessment of the date when 90% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) BBCH_89 evaluation circumference ICIR stem Circumference increase by the growth of the tree main stem Circumference increment Eelness scoring score µmol CO2 m-2 s-1 Amount of water in leaves Leaf water content water content LWC leaf Flexuosity scoring scale on 5 linha Branching degree Branching degree plant branching RAM Beta pinene content Beta pinene content b.pinene leaf molecule content plant Elevation above sea level of the tree level Individual elevation elevation elevation Measured with a pole graduated in centimeters Pole protocol vpm [C02] Branches angle protocol 1 Visual assessment of the branches angle with a reference scoring scale, on a minimum of two to three successive whorls and discarding the last two whorls. mm2 Non-photochemical quenching Non-photochemical quenching NPQ quenching leaf Leaf color color leaf Leaf color in autumn LC PV venation Percentage venation leaf Percentage venation Sinus width sinus width Width of the leaf sinus, the space or indentation between two lobes or teeth of a leaf SW µmol CO2 / mmol H2O volume Volume of hardwood, the wooded part of a tree (trunk and branches) with a diameter at the smallest end greater than 7 cm (most often corresponding to the maximum cutting of wood made by forest operators) Volume Vol specific area Specific leaf area SLA leaf Leaf area per unit of leaf dry mass Measured with spectrophotometer Beckman DU 640 and reported to leaf dry mass Computation per leaf dry mass Assessment of petiols without leaves leaf petiol Petiols without leaves PETIOL Suberin Tyramine content cork Cork chemical composition in suberin monomers (Glycerol and phenolics): Tyramine Suberin Tyramine content suberin content BBCH_35 evaluation Assessment of the date when shoots reached 50% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) Epicormic bud quantity Assessment of epicormic buds quantity, a dormant/latent bud having reached the bark as its growth has been delayed for a rather long time LBD epicormic bud quantity Fruits/Cones protocol Number of mature fruits/cones that you are able to count on the tree in 30 seconds from the ground using binoculars DB diameter branch Branch diameter Assessment of the diameter of the branch P50 Xylem pressure presure xylem Xylem pressure BBCH_50 evaluation Assessment of the date when all flower bud are dormants Dry weight (g) was determined after drying plant material at 70 ◦C (until a constant weight was achieved) Dry weight protocol BBCH_39 evaluation Assessment of the date when shoots reached 90% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) Nitrogen isotope (N15) composition in leaves Delta15N leaf Delta 15N nitrogen discrimination Assessment of the date when 70% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) BBCH_87 evaluation Assessment of ring density, the layer of wood produced by a single years growth of a woody plant Ring density ring wood B Intra-ring variance Intra-ring variance ring varintracerne wood BBCH_17 evaluation Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 70% of the crown. For pines: 70% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. For other conifers: 70% of buds with open-brushed needles. BarkR roughness Bark roughness bark Assessment of the roughness of the part of the stem that is external to the wood or xylem, including the vascular cambium: the bark Calliper - largest branch protocol Measured below the largest branch of the tree with a calliper graduated in millimeters Annual increase Annual increase increase ACC Alpha pinene content a.pinene leaf molecule content Alpha pinene content Epicormic quantity epicormic Epis quantity Assessment of epicormics quantity. These formations are appearing on trunks or master branches surfaces of living trees, resulting from buds repelled by cambial growth at the periphery on the trunk. Calculation of the mean ring, latewood or earlywood density weighted by the ring surface Mean wood density BBCH_79 evaluation Assessment of the date when 90% of the fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet chlorophyll content Chl a/b Chlorophyll a to b ratio leaf Ratio between chlorophyll a and b content in leaf green tissue Color of the cork plank which adderes to the tree trunk BC cork color Inner plank surface color Cork chemical composition in suberin monomores (long-chain mono-functional monomers): Alkanols cork Suberin Alkanols content suberin content Suberin Alkanols content The minimum value of a list of measured meteo values Minimal meteo value Polycyclism scoring scale Thinning protocol Assessment according to the objectives of the scientific protocol sylleptic shoot Syllep quantity Assessment of the sylleptic branches quantity, a shoot that develops from a lateral bud with any period of dormancy on the main shoot Sylleptic shoots quantity RA Assessment of the ramicorn quantity ramicorn Ramicorn quantity quantity BBCH_76 evaluation Assessment of the date when 60% of the fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet Leaf gas exchange protocol at 300 µmol photons m−2 s−1 Leaf gas exchange was assessed with a portable infrared gas analyzer (LI-6400; LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, USA) equipped with a fluorometer (LI-6400-40, LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, USA). Data was periodically collected from the youngest fully expanded leaf (5–9 h after photoperiod initiation), never extending a total period of 90 min. Block temperature was set at 28°C, light intensity was set at 300 µmol photons m−2 s−1 and CO2 concentration was kept at 400 ppm with an air flow rate of 500 µmol s−1. Number of repetitions plant Number of replicates used to calculate mean value of an associated REP replicate Assessment of the date when 60% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell BBCH_96 evaluation Regularity scoring scale BBCH_34 evaluation Assessment of the date when shoots reached 40% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) Mean flush length during the growing season flush length leaf Flush length MFL Measurement of consumed leaf disk area (image analysis) based on feeding multiple choice bioassay in laboratory conditions (boxes of 48 genotypes x 20 replicates). Comsumed leaf protocol Cover scoring scale SLA protocol Ratio of the leaf area, measured by image analysis, per the leaf dried mass (cm2/g) length lamina Lamina length LL Lamina length ETR protocol Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. PPFD is the photon flux density of photosynthetically active radiation (400–700 nm), 0.84 is the assumed light absorbance of the sample, and 0.5 is the fraction of excitation energy diverted to the photosystem II Assessment of the quantity of lobes on the lamina Lobe quantity NL quantity lobe Assessment of the date when 80% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell BBCH_98 evaluation Budflush scoring protocol Visual assessment on the terminal bud or on the whole tree when terminal bud is not visible with a reference scoring scale leaf Enzymatic activity of hydroxypyruvate reductase HPR enzymatic activity Enzymatic activity of hydroxypyruvate reductase Year BBCH_18 evaluation Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 80% of the crown. For pines: 80% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. For other conifers: 80% of buds with open-brushed needles. Area of the circular discontinuities of the cork plank cork Pores Area pore area Pores area Numerical unknown - 1 decimal Measured in linhas (1 linha = 2,256 mm) with a kind of ruler called pé de linha pé de linha Chlorophyll a Chl a Chlorophyll a content in leaf green tissue chlorophyll content leaf cork Chemical composition in polyphenols polyphenols Phenols_CC Polyphenols composition Defects are quantified in the two tangential of 20 × 20 cm boards cut from the previous 30 × 30 cm boiled planks, and also in four strips of 20 × 1 cm (obtained from the same 30 × 30 cm samples), corresponding to Tangential surfaces (two strips for each surface). Each of the four faces of the 20 × 20 cm boards and the two faces of the 20 × 1 cm strips were photographed with a camera (10 mega pixels resolution). The defect areas were measured by image analysis, defining the limiting color threshold by visual inspection, using the Leica QWin software (V3.X—Leica Microsystems, Germany). Lengths were calibrated using a calibration ruler. The two types of defects were measured separately: cork porosity and nail inclusions. Cork defects - Tangential section protocol BBCH_00 evaluation Assessment of the date when all buds are dormants Pore frequency protocol Image acquisition of the two radial, two transversal and one tangential sections made through scanning at a minimum resolution of 300 dpi. Images uploaded and then analysed using ImageProPlus1 (Media Cybernetics, USA) image-processing software. Wood vessel protocol None BBCH_86 evaluation Assessment of the date when 60% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) Terminal bud accident NAAT Recording of an accident on the terminal bud accident bud Temp Temperature on the site of the population Temperature temperature population damages Assessment of drought damages SEC Drought damage plant Allelic richness allelic richness Assesment of the allelic richness of the population by estimation of the mean allelic number by locus in the population AR population ID plant Identification of the targeted tree (mother tree, replenish …) or the sample collected on the tree identification Identification bark BarkT Asessment of the thickness of the part of the stem that is external to the wood or xylem, including the vascular cambium: the bark Bark thickness thickness Combination of the forking position and the number of forks Forking index protocol Cork chemical composition in suberin monomores (long-chain alfa, omega-bifunctional fatty acids): Dihydroxyoctadenedioic acid Suberin Dihydroxyoctadenedioic acid content suberin content Suberin Dihydroxyoctadenedioic acid content cork Selection scoring scale Branches angle scoring scale on 4 Harvest Sample(s) collected on the tree sampling plant REC WAP-t thickness Wood axial parenchyma thickness Wood axial parenchyma thickness axial parenchyma BBCH_61 evaluation Assessment of the date when 10% of flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. CNL protocol Notation of the date in cumulative night lentgh after July 1st that the observed score is reached for the first time Photosynthetic rate leaf An photosynthetic rate The total amount of carbon fixed by the plant per unit time. Measured by determining the changes in CO2 concentration over a plant leaf in a glass enclosure. LN/LC leaf Ratio leaf nitrogen to leaf carbon nitrogen/carbon Ratio leaf nitrogen to leaf carbon Wood infradensity protocol None NADH protocol Measurements based on the coupling of catalyzed oxidation reactions of the same compound, NADH. Wood fibers lengh wood WF-l fiber lengh Wood fibers lengh Unknown Unknown Calculation of the mean of the 5 minimal values measured or computed Minimal mean value Ratio Health status red strip SUR survival Assessment of the health status related to red band disease plant molecule content Germacrene content germacrene leaf Germacrene content cork Measure of the Caliber in linhas (1 linha = 2,256 mm). The cork plank can be divided in 2 major classes regarding the thickness: Delgada (thin) (6 to 8 linhas or 14 to 27 mm) and Rolhável (stoperble) (12 to > 18 linhas or 27 to > 40 mm). thickness Cal Caliber Branches angle scoring scale on 3b Measured using a hammer and a sharp stick/pike (usually used for concrete), till 60 cm whenever possible, in a randomly chosen spot within the 10x10 m virtual plot around the tree. Make sure that you do not confuse a medium sized rock with the bedrock. Spike protocol Lobe width width lobe Lobe width LW g/100g DP Assessment of double feet quantity double feet Double feet quantity quantity Image acquisition of the two radial, two transversal and one tangential sections was made through scanning at a minimum resolution of 300 dpi. Images were uploaded and then analysed using ImageProPlus1(Media Cybernetics, USA) image-processing software. Cork Porosity protocol Assessment of the date when 30% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell BBCH_93 evaluation Budflush BBCH scoring scale Calendar year Distance individual/neighbor neighbor distance plant distance Distance between the sampled tree and its closest neighbors None Pore area protocol None Cork discontinuities protocol epidermal cell leaf Assessment of the number of epidermal cells on the adaxial leaf area (upper surface of the leaf) Adaxial epidermal cells EP Shoot diameter RD branch Shoot diameter diameter Growth BBCH scoring scale Stable isotope analysis None high WRP-h radial parenchyma Wood radial parenchyma high Wood radial parenchyma high geotropism PLAG Observation of the tree growth orientation compared to the soil, imposed by gravity (geotropism). It is plagiotropic if the axis of growth is horizontal and orthotropic if the axis of growth is vertical. plant Plagiotropy vEpiBC Epicormic branches volume volume epicormic branche Assessment of the volume of epicormic branches None None Chalara scoring scale on 5 Identifier Defects are quantified in the two tangential of 20 × 20 cm boards cut from the previous 30 × 30 cm boiled planks, and also in four strips of 20 × 1 cm (obtained from the same 30 × 30 cm samples), corresponding to Tangential surfaces (two strips for each surface). Each of the four faces of the 20 × 20 cm boards and the two faces of the 20 × 1 cm strips were photographed with a camera (10 mega pixels resolution). The defect areas were measured by image analysis, defining the limiting color threshold by visual inspection, using the Leica QWin software (V3.X—Leica Microsystems, Germany). Lengths were calibrated using a calibration ruler. The two types of defects (cork porosity and nail inclusions) were measured separately and the defect areas were expressed as a percentage of the total area of cork under analysis. Cork defects percent - Tangential section protocol BBCH_49 evaluation Assessment of the date when at least 50% of buds are lignified and mature uredinia Uredinia Number UN number Assessment of uredinia, a reddish pustule that occurs on the leaves of a plant infected with rust fungus Leaf gas exchange was assessed with a portable infrared gas analyzer (LI-6400; LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, USA) equipped with a fluorometer (LI-6400-40, LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, USA). Data was periodically collected from the youngest fully expanded leaf (5–9 h after photoperiod initiation), never extending a total period of 90 min. Block temperature was set at 28 ◦C, light intensity was set at 300 µmol photons m−2 s−1 and CO2 concentration was kept at 400 ppm with an air flow rate of 500 µmol s−1. Fs and Fm’ represent the steady state and maximum fluorescence measured under light adapted conditions. PhiPS2 protocol quality Formiga Formiga status The ant (Cremastogaster scutellaris) that opens wide and sinuous galleries in the suberous tissue cork Drought damages scoring scale lobe lamina Lobe width ratio Lobe width ratio LWR None Lobe ratio protocol molecule content leaf Limonene content Limonene Limonene content Chemical composition in polysacharide Sacharides_CC polyphenols Polysacharide composition cork Assessment of straightened branch Straightened branch branch BRR straightening blossoming flower Assessment of the blossoming (male and/or female) level FLO Blossoming Branching scoring scale on 5 BBCH_95 evaluation Assessment of the date when 50% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell Leaf relative water content was determine at maximum stress (day 28) and at the end of the experiment (day 35). Six leaf discs (Ø = 19 mm) were collected for each plant from the three youngest expanded leaves (2 discs per leaf). Five plants were analysed per treatment. Leaf relative water content protocol length Stem length Stem_L stem Stem length Alive neighboring trees neighbors NBVOIS Number of alive neighboring trees for a given tree plant Beta myrcene content Beta myrcene content leaf molecule content b.myrcene Visual scoring BBCH Visual assessment with the BBCH reference scoring scale Defoliation scoring scale on 5 C/N leaf carbon-to-nitrogen ratio C/N Ratio of the mass of carbon to the mass of nitrogen in leaves. It can, amongst other things, be used in analysing sediments and compost. Budflush scoring scale on 3 Enzymatic activity of Glutamine Enzymatic activity of Glutamine enzymatic activity GS leaf Blossoming scoring scale Transpiration rate Transpiration rate leaf transpiration Gs Survival scoring scale 2 BBCH_38 evaluation Assessment of the date when shoots reached 80% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) Canker quantity Canker Assessment of canker quantity quantity canker Estimated in the 10x10 m virtual plot around the tree with a predefined scoring scale Virtual plot protocol armillaria plant Assessment of armillaria (parasitic fungi) at the base of the tree Armillaria ARM Assessment of the date when 70% of the fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet BBCH_77 evaluation Number of sylleptic branches more than 10 cm-long are counted at the end of the growing season Sylleptic shoot protocol Measured from soil to the first branches of the canopy Trunk height protocol Assessment of the date when 30% of the fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet BBCH_73 evaluation Needles coloration scoring scale BBCH_11 evaluation Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 10% of the crown. For pines: 10% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. For other conifers: 10% of buds with open-brushed needles. Assessment of the date when 70% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell BBCH_97 evaluation Survival state scoring scale Survival scoring scale quality cork preguentas/madeirentas preguentas/madeirentas Continuity and felicity persistence are two characteristics of the periderm of cork oak that allow the sustained exploitation of cork. However, in some cork oaks sometimes appear in the secondary phloem small peridermal arcs enveloping the sclerites or the outermost blades of the broad phloem rays, and whose new felide ends up joining the anterior path of the felogene. These sclerenchymal formations, isolated from the intercarcass by a normal process of abcision, become sclerenchymal inclusions in the suberous tissue or the felogene surface. These corks have, for these reasons, great hardness, low elasticity and high density Cork plank thickness ESP Cork plant thickness cork thickness Fructification scoring scale Assessment of the date when 80% of flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. BBCH_68 evaluation Cork plank uniformity protocol Degree celsius Competition scoring scale Thinning scoring scale g.cadidene Gamma cadidene content Gamma cadidene content leaf molecule content cells alongating/expanding N-A&E_lent Assessment of the of lenticel cells alongating and expanding Growing lenticel cells cork Shape scoring scale IRD Shoot diameter increase Shoot diameter increase diameter branch leaf molecule content Sabinene content Sabinene content sabinene BBCH_14 evaluation Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 40% of the crown. For pines: 40% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. For other conifers: 40% of buds with open-brushed needles. Leaf area measurement protocol Measured on a fixed leaf area of 0.182 mm² BBCH_67 evaluation Assessment of the date when 70% of flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. Visual assessment collection Harvest protocol Senescence BBCH scoring scale vSeqBC quantity Assessment of the sequential branches volume Sequential branches volume sequential branch Cork defects percent - Radial section protocol Defects are quantified in the two radial surfaces of 20 × 20 cm boards cut from the previous 30 × 30 cm boiled planks, and also in four strips of 20 × 1 cm (obtained from the same 30 × 30 cm samples), corresponding to radial surfaces (two strips for each surface). Each of the four faces of the 20 × 20 cm boards and the two faces of the 20 × 1 cm strips were photographed with a camera (10 mega pixels resolution). The defect areas are measured by image analysis, defining the limiting color threshold by visual inspection, using the Leica QWin software (V3.X—Leica Microsystems, Germany). Lengths were calibrated using a calibration ruler. The two types of defects (cork porosity and nail inclusions) were measured separately and the defect areas were expressed as a percentage of the total area of cork under analysis. Suberin Ferulic content suberin content cork Suberin Ferulic content Cork chemical composition in suberin monomers (Glycerol and phenolics): Ferulic acid Assessment of the date when 50% of flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. BBCH_65 evaluation Biomass protocol Measured by leaves weighing Measured in millimeters with a measuring tape at the inoculation point. Most protocol are using 2 or 3 inoculation points per tree. Canker lesion length protocol Detailed survival scoring scale Cork AG Cork annual growth cork growth Annual increment of cork rings thickness Leaf CO2 light response curve Leaf_CO2_curve Leaf CO2 light response curve Canker_LL stem lesion Canker lesion length Lesion length (longitudinal extent) of a canker lesion, an area of dead tissue which grow slowly and is caused by bacteria or fungus Growth scoring scale Bark roughness scoring scale Nail size protocol None cm3 Content in suberin measured by chemical analysis Suberin chemical content protocol thickness radial parenchyma WRP-t Wood radial parenchyma thickness Wood radial parenchyma thickness Collar diameter protocol Diameter of the main stem measured at or within a specified distance from the collar, the part making the transition between the top of the root system and the base of the aerial part. Wood width Wood width wood width W-w Cork plank color scoring scale Wood density at 12% moisture content Wood density protocol Maximal mean value Calculation of the mean of the 5 maximal values measured or computed None Wood fiber protocol Assessment of the date when at least 50% of the foliar or mixed buds have burst. The green tips or bases of the leaves appear between the scales. In pines, the bud lengthens and the needles remain inside their sheath, which takes on a silvery hue; the green base of the needles can be seen. In other conifers, the needles begin to be visible. BBCH_07 evaluation mol.m-2.s-1 Leaf_An_curve Leaf photosynthesis light response curve Leaf photosynthesis light response curve Measured from soil to basis of the apical meristem or bud (depending of time in season) Stem length protocol AVP Assessment of the ability to vegetative propagation, any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment of the parent plant or a specialized reproductive structure Ability to vegetative propagation BBCH_08 evaluation Assessment of the date when at least 10% of buds have the tips of the first leaves that extend beyond the tip of the bud scales Size of uredinia, a reddish pustule that occurs on the leaves of a plant infected with rust fungus uredinia Uredinia Size US size Branches angle scoring scale on 5 Total length of the shoot Shoot length length shoot LPOUS Cork plank color protocol Expert visual assessment for cork belly color flush NF plant Assessment of flushes during the growing season Flush hydraulic conductivity Xylem hydraulic conductivity xylem KS Xylem hydraulic conductivity Leaf soluble protein content Soluble protein content in leaves SPC leaf protein content VER Deviation from verticality plant deviation verticality Measurement of the deviation from the verticality Sampling Individuals sampling for a specific study plant ECH selection bud BF_date break Budflush date Assessment of the date when budflush score will be reached for the first time Epinasty scoring scale Measured with a pilodyn with 3 repetitions Pilodyn protocol Slenderness protocol The slenderness of a tree is calculated by dividing its total height by its diameter at 1.30 m. Note that both values must be measured with the same unit. Beta caryophyllene content leaf b.caryophyllene molecule content Beta caryophyllene content Corks thickness is measured in eight positions: two in each radial surface and two others in each transversal face. The measured positions are marked for comparison with data obtained after boiling. Cork thickness before boiling protocol Observation of the fork presence or absence. If the fork is gone and not transformed into a large branch, the value will be 0. If the fork is gone but transformed into a large branch, the value will be 1. If the fork is still present, its height from tree collar must be measured and the value will be the fork height. Fork height protocol Pollarding scoring scale Leaf coloration scoring scale BBCH_64 evaluation Assessment of the date when 40% of flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. cork Suberin Hydroxyoctadecanoid content Suberin Hydroxyoctadecanoid content Cork chemical composition in suberin monomores (long-chain alfa, omega-bifunctional fatty acids): Hydroxyoctadecanoid acid suberin content Visual assessment on the first 15 m of the tree height (the crown is not taken into account) with a reference scoring scale. In case of forked stems, only the trunk below the deepest forking point is evaluated. Observations should ideally be done in winter time as visibility is better without leaves. Flexuosity protocol BBCH_72 evaluation Assessment of the date when 20% of the fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet Branches angle protocol 2 Visual assessment with a reference scoring scale Numerical unknown - 3 decimals ST staining Leaf staining Leaf staining leaf Index Growth stop shoot AC growth Assessment of the stop of shoots growth Senescence scoring scale BBCH_33 evaluation Assessment of the date when shoots reached 30% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) BBCH_85 evaluation Assessment of the date when 50% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) plant Tree status STAT status Assessment of the tree status Suberin Hydroxyalkanoic content cork Suberin Hydroxyalkanoic content Cork chemical composition in suberin monomores (long-chain alfa, omega-bifunctional fatty acids): Hydroxyalkanoic acid suberin content mg/g DW Weight of the plant dry matter Dry matter TDM biomass plant Day Assessment of the date when 20% of flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. BBCH_62 evaluation Assessment of the date when the first flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. BBCH_60 evaluation Leaf water content protocol Mf is the fresh mass, Mt is the turgid mass after rehydrating the leaves and Md is the dry mass after drying the leaves in an oven.  BS lamina Lamina shape Shape of the lamina shape Assessment of the tree defoliation plant Defoliation defoliation DF BBCH_75 evaluation Assessment of the date when 50% of the fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet Leaf counting protocol Counting manualy the number of leaves longer than 2 cm on the plant Debarking scoring scale Pore roundness protocol None Abundance scoring scale Expert visual assessment for cork inner surface uniformity Cork plank uniformity protocol quantity primary epicormic bud Epicormic primary bud quantity PriLBD Assessment of epicormic primary buds quantity, a primary having reached the bark as its growth has been delayed for a rather long time mm - no decimal Average meteo value The mean value of a list of measured meteo values Ring width protocol None Uredinia Size scoring scale Suberin Trihydroxyoctadecanoic content Suberin Trihydroxyoctadecanoic content suberin content cork Cork chemical composition in suberin monomores (long-chain alfa, omega-bifunctional fatty acids): Trihydroxyoctadecanoic acid Budset scoring scale quality A loose, pulverulent tissue with rounded cells that leave empty spaces between them, whose walls do not always overlap, filling the lenticular channels. It occurs mainly in corks with a special type of porosity in which the pores have a longitudinally conical profile. When this defect manifests itself frequently, the cork is called terrenta or muddy, and in the most severe cases it disables the production of natural cork works. Terrentas/Barrentas cork Cork Quality Terrentas/Barrentas electron transport ETR Leaf electron transport rate leaf Transfer of electrons during photosynthesis in light saturated leaf Precocity scoring scale Leaf area protocol Leaf area was determined with a color image analysis system (WinDIAS 2, Delta-T Devices, Cambridge, UK) by scaning individual leaves stem SDM Stem dry mass Weight of the dry stem biomass Fructification BBCH scoring scale Sulcos pronunciados, orientados longitudinalmente na costa das dapranchas, podendo causar descontinuidades nas primeiras camadas de cortiça que foram produzidas Cork Eelness eels cork ‰ Crown scoring scale Petiole length PL petiol Petiole length length Flatness uniformity of the inner plank surface Inner plank surface relief BR cork relief Girdling index BBCH_71 evaluation Assessment of the date when 10% of the fruits reached their usual maximum size, but did not changed color yet Visual assessment with a reference scoring scale Basal sweep protocol Wood vessels diameter wood vessel diameter WV-d Wood vessels diameter BBCH_06 evaluation Assessment of the date when at least 10% of the bud burst. Leaves appear between the scales. In pines, the bud lengthens and the needles remain inside their sheath which takes a silver tint; we see the green base of the needles. In other conifers, the needles begin to be visible. Forking score protocol Visual assessment with a reference scoring scale BBCH_90 evaluation Assessment of the date when the first leaves of the crown have faded or fallen Forking scoring scale on 4 observation Observations on the tree, unsystematic and somewhat anecdotal Comments COM plant Epicormic percentage protocol None Compression wood, reaction wood formed on the lower sides of branches and leaning trunks and characterized by darker color, glassy appearance, relatively wide and eccentric annual rings, shorter vascular elements, and excessive and uneven shrinkage quality cork Compression wood WC% Assessment of shoots growth shoot DEV Shoot growth growth Nitrogen content in leaves LNC nitrogen content leaf Leaf nitrogen content fructification Fructification regularity Regularity of the fructification plant FRUC_REG pore frequency Number of pores in frame area Pores frequency cork Pores Frequency Bark thickness mean Assessed by the average of 5 random measurements of bark thickness à 130 cm. Blossoming BBCH scoring scale leaf Saccharose content in leaves SACL saccharose content Leaf saccharose content Lobe depth protocol None Branching scoring scale on 3 Thinning Assessment of the thinning, an operation to remove a number of trees from a plot in favour of those left in place ECL plant thinning Day number protocol Notation of the number of days until the observed stage is reached for the first time Quantification by capillary electrophoresis Capillary electrophoresis Cork defects percent - Transversal section protocol Defects are quantified in the two transversal of 20 × 20 cm boards cut from the previous 30 × 30 cm boiled planks, and also in four strips of 20 × 1 cm (obtained from the same 30 × 30 cm samples), corresponding to transversal surfaces (two strips for each surface). Each of the four faces of the 20 × 20 cm boards and the two faces of the 20 × 1 cm strips were photographed with a camera (10 mega pixels resolution). The defect areas were measured by image analysis, defining the limiting color threshold by visual inspection, using the Leica QWin software (V3.X—Leica Microsystems, Germany). Lengths were calibrated using a calibration ruler. The two types of defects (cork porosity and nail inclusions) were measured separately and the defect areas were expressed as a percentage of the total area of cork under analysis. Cork Porosity Assessment of the porosity (or empty spaces) in cork. It is a fraction of the volume of pores over the total volume, so between 0 and 1 or as a percentage. cork porosity %Pores Status scoring scale regeneration regeneration soil Abundance of natural regeneration around the tree Natural regeneration Soil water availability Soil was spread in a fine layer and air-dried in the glasshouse until a constant weight was achieved. Minimum pot weight was considered to be pot’s weight containing a totally dry soil mixture. Maximum pot weight was measured when soil was at field capacity (FC) method_of Collar protocol Measurement made at the base of the tree, at the collar Variance Calculation of the variance of a series of measured or computed values Measured from soil to basis of the apical meristem or bud (depending of time in season) with a pole or a clinometer Plant height protocol BBCH_13 evaluation Assessment of the date when leaves are coming out of their bud. For broadleaves: the first leaves are spread on about 30% of the crown. For pines: 30% of very elongated buds with first needles coming out or out of the sheath but still tight, as stuck between them. For other conifers: 30% of buds with open-brushed needles. None Pore lenght protocol Branch diameter scoring scale CHAL_nbF chalara Assessment of the influence of chalara on the leaves number leaf Chalara influence on leaves Measured on the maximum extension of canopy branches along an axis of the crown, from one edge to the opposite edge Canopy projection protocol mg/cm2 Measured with a calliper graduated in millimeters Calliper protocol Number of replicates used to calculate the mean value of the associated trait Repetitions protocol Assessment of the date when shoots start to growth BBCH_30 evaluation Gradians Broadleaves budflush scoring scale mg/L senescence SEN Senescence plant Assessment of the senescence, the growth phase in a plant or plant part (such as a leaf) from full maturity to death CCM (arbitrary units of chlorophyll content meter) variable_of Leaf mass/area protocol The leaves were sampled after 50 days of water-logging None scale_of