LfP_M_mgkg Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham SdS_M_mgkg Nottingham Thomas Alcock, David Salt INRA stageG1_cnt_dayj Anne Laperche Growth Stage G1;10% of the pods have reached their final size flowering of secondary inflorescences. Corresponds to growth stage G1 (CETIOM) or 71 (BBCH scale);GRWSTG_G1 2 Diseased leaves with non or a few small lesions Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin Rothamsted SdPhytosterol_M_mgkg Biotic Stress;Biotic attack during the crop cycle;BIOTIC INRA Anne Laperche bioticAnnot_an_text Stearic Acid;Content of stearic acid in seeds determined by NIRS;STEARIC INRA Anne Laperche stearicSeedCont_M_pct Nottingham Thomas Alcock, David Salt SdSr_M_mgkg INRA Growth Stage G5;10% of the seeds have reached maturity stageG5_cnt_dayj Anne Laperche seeds are brown and hard. Corresponds to growth stage G5 (CETIOM) or 81 (BBCH scale);GRWSTG_G5 Anne Laperche Linolenic Acid;Content of linolenic acid in seeds determined by NIRS;LINOLENIC linolenicSeedCont_M_pct INRA University of York Sda-toc_M_mgkg Swen Langer, Lenka Havlickova LfCd_M_mgkg Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham SdCampesterol_M_mgkg Rothamsted Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin University of Hertfordshire LLSstem_E_pct Yongju Huang, John West SdFe_M_mgkg Nottingham Thomas Alcock, David Salt Rachel Wells SdWght_M_mg John Innes Centre Nottingham LfTi_M_mgkg Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock cropAnnot_E_cmt Crop problems;Crop problems during the cycle.;CROP INRA Anne Laperche Anne Laperche INRA Seed Impurities;Percentage of impurities in a sample of seeds determined by weighing;SEEDIMPUR seedImpur_M_pct INRA Anne Laperche linoleicSeedCont_M_pct Linoleic Acid;Content of linoleic acid in seedsdetermined by NIRS;LINOLEIC SdAlk_M_mgkg Rothamsted Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin Anne Laperche Growth Stage C1;Bolting date when the first inter-node appears stageC1_cnt_dayj INRA corresponds to growth stage C1 (CETIOM) or 31 (BBCH scale);GRWSTG_C1 Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham LfMn_M_mgkg Anne Laperche stageG4_cnt_dayj Growth Stage G4;30% of the pods have reached their final size flowering of secondary inflorescences. Corresponds to growth stage G4 (CETIOM) or 73 (BBCH scale);GRWSTG_G4 INRA Nottingham SdPb_M_mgkg Thomas Alcock, David Salt Nottingham Martin Broadley, Catherine Thomas PRL_M_cm Nottingham SdAs_M_mgkg Thomas Alcock, David Salt Sclerot_Cou_plnt6plnt Yongju Huang, John West white blight University of Hertfordshire Plant Size;Height of plants in an experimental plot;PLANTSIZE INRA Anne Laperche plntHeight_M_cm entity SdCr_M_mgkg Nottingham Thomas Alcock, David Salt 6 intermediate to high damage Palmitic Acid;Content of palmitic acid in seeds determined by NIRS;PALMITIC INRA Anne Laperche palmiticSeedCont_M_pct LLSpods_E_pct Yongju Huang, John West University of Hertfordshire FertBraNumb_Ct_Fb Rachel Wells John Innes Centre Plant Emergence;Percentage of seeds that emerge;EMERG plntStdEmerg_M_plt INRA Anne Laperche Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock LfMg_M_mgkg Nottingham 7 regular Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock LfBa_M_mgkg Nottingham Sdy-toc_M_mgkg University of York Swen Langer, Lenka Havlickova Nottingham Martin Broadley, Catherine Thomas SD_Est_mm Martin Broadley, Catherine Thomas Nottingham MLRL_Cp_cm Plot Surface;Surface of the elementary experimental plot;PLOTSURF INRA plotSize_M_m2 Anne Laperche Sdd-toc_M_mgkg Swen Langer, Lenka Havlickova University of York INRA Climatic Stress;Climatic incidents during the crop cycle;CLIMATIC Anne Laperche climaticAnnot_E_cmt Thomas Alcock, David Salt SdNa_M_mgkg Nottingham NA 0 INRA Anne Laperche weevilsDmg_E_0to9 Weevils (all species) damage score;charancon seedMoist_mnirs_pct Seed Moisture NIRS;Moisture content in a sample of seeds determined by NIRS;SEEDH2O_NIRS INRA Anne Laperche Rothamsted Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin SdAld_M_mgkg Nottingham Thomas Alcock, David Salt SdMg_M_mgkg John Innes Centre Rachel Wells PodWid_M_cm University of Hertfordshire LeafMiner_Cou_pct Yongju Huang, John West Rothamsted Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin SdFA_M_mgkg Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham LfSr_M_mgkg SdCampesterol_Cp_pct Rothamsted Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin plntStnd_M_plntm2 Plant Density;Number of viable plants counted per surface unit;PLANTDENS INRA Anne Laperche University of Hertfordshire Yongju Huang, John West PhomaSKbase_E_0to7 PodLen_M_cm John Innes Centre Rachel Wells LfAg_M_mgkg Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham Oleic Acid;Content of oleic acid in seeds determined by NIRS;OLEIC oleicSeedCont_M_pct INRA Anne Laperche Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin SdKeto_M_mgkg Rothamsted Rothamsted Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin SdAvenasterol_M_mgkg Nottingham LfB_M_mgkg Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham SdZn_M_mgkg Thomas Alcock, David Salt INRA stageEndFlo_cnt_dayj corresponds to growth stage 69 (BBCH scale);GRWSTG_ENDFLO Anne Laperche Growth Stage End Flowering;End of flowering on the main inflorescence podShat_E_score INRA Anne Laperche Pod shattering;Scoring of pods open just before harvest;PODSHAT Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin SdTotalWax_M_mgkg Rothamsted high irregular 1 < 10% 9 3 irregular SdBrassicasterol_M_mgkg Rothamsted Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin 1 ≤ 5% girdling SdCampesterol diunsat_Cp_pct Rothamsted Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin Rothamsted Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin SdBrassicasterol_Cp_pct SdCd_M_mgkg Nottingham Thomas Alcock, David Salt Rothamsted Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin SdStigmasterol_M_mgkg Nottingham Martin Broadley, Catherine Thomas LRL_M_cm Nottingham SdLi_M_mgkg Thomas Alcock, David Salt INRA Anne Laperche Plant Lodging;Scoring of the plant lodging of the plot;LODGING lodging_E_0to9 SdCycloartenol_Cp_pct Rothamsted Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin INRA Anne Laperche NHI_Comp_pct Nitrogen Harvest Index;Proportion of N accumulated in seed to N accumulated in the total plant (including shoot and root);NHI Anne Laperche regStand_E_0to9 Regularity Stand;Scoring of the regularity of the plant stand;REGSTAND INRA Annotations on measure validity;VALIDATION INRA validateannot_E_cmt Anne Laperche 8 high to severe damage Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham LfK_M_mgkg PltHght_M_cm Rachel Wells John Innes Centre stagePodDev_cnt_dayj INRA Anne Laperche Growth Stage Pod Development;Additional stages for pod development according to the BBCH scale (72-79);GRWSTG_PODDEV 3 Plants with scattered lesions Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham LfS_M_mgkg Nottingham Martin Broadley, Catherine Thomas LRD_Cp_rootcm Thomas Alcock, David Salt SdSe_M_mgkg Nottingham Yongju Huang, John West PhomaSK_E_0to7 University of Hertfordshire Prot Yield;Protein yield per ha;PrY INRA protYield_Comp_qha Anne Laperche John Innes Centre Rachel Wells PedLen_M_cm Evidence of stunting 6 8 6 100% girdling ( stem weak/firm) Rachel Wells John Innes Centre BeakLen_M_cm LfV_M_mgkg Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham Nottingham SdK_M_mgkg Thomas Alcock, David Salt Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock LfNi_M_mgkg Nottingham 5 30-60% PodNumbTermRac_Ct_PodTermRac Rachel Wells John Innes Centre 75-100% girdling 5 LfU_M_mgkg Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham SdB-Sitosterol_M_mgkg Rothamsted Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin seedMoistHarv_mhumi_pct INRA Seed Moisture Harvest;Moisture content in a sample of seeds determined by humiditer;SEEDH2O_HARV Anne Laperche Nottingham Thomas Alcock, David Salt SdP_M_mgkg Anne Laperche Seed Moisture Lab;Moisture content in a sample of cleaned seeds determined by weighing;SEEDH2O_LAB INRA seedMoist_mlab_pct No lodging 1 Trace of disease 1 Martin Broadley, Catherine Thomas TRL_Cp_cm Nottingham SdCu_M_mgkg Nottingham Thomas Alcock, David Salt University of Hertfordshire VertWilt_Cou_pct Yongju Huang, John West LLSleaf_E_pct Yongju Huang, John West University of Hertfordshire Yongju Huang, John West LLSleaf_E_0to7 University of Hertfordshire Yongju Huang, John West VertWilt_E_0or1 University of Hertfordshire Anne Laperche Growth Stage Pod Maturity;Additional stages for pod maturity according to the BBCH scale (82-99);GRWSTG_PODMATURITY INRA stagePodMaturity_cnt_dayj Martin Broadley, Catherine Thomas LRN_Ct_root Nottingham Nottingham Thomas Alcock, David Salt SdCo_M_mgkg Glucosinolates;Content of glucosinolates in seeds determined by NIRS;GLS Anne Laperche glsSeedCont_M_μmolg INRA INRA Hail Damage;HAILDMG Anne Laperche hailDmg_E_0to9 Oil Yield;Oil yield per ha;OY INRA oilYield_Comp_qha Anne Laperche no symptoms observable 0 3 >10 spots per plant Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham LfMo_M_mgkg University of Hertfordshire PhomaLS_Cou_pct Yongju Huang, John West LfFe_M_mgkg Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham corresponds to growth stage F1 (CETIOM) or 60 (BBCH scale);GRWSTG_F1 INRA Growth Stage F1;First flowers are open stageF1_cnt_dayj Anne Laperche John Innes Centre StemWid_M_cm Rachel Wells PhomaLS_E_0to3 University of Hertfordshire Yongju Huang, John West Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham LfSe_M_mgkg Protein Meal %;Content of proteins in the meal determined by NIRS;PRMEAL INRA Anne Laperche protMealCont_M_pct erucicSeedCont_M_pct INRA Erucic Acid;Content of erucic acid in seeds determined by NIRS;ERUCIC Anne Laperche 6 2 very low damage LfAl_M_mgkg Nottingham Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock 0 No leaf spotting plotHarvest_M_kg Plot Harvest Weight;Weight (kg) of raw materials harvested by plot;PLOTHARVEST INRA Anne Laperche Nottingham SdB_M_mgkg Thomas Alcock, David Salt NA 0 3 low damage 7 10-30% Nottingham SdMo_M_mgkg Thomas Alcock, David Salt LfCa_M_mgkg Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham Nottingham Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock LfRb_M_mgkg INRA Anne Laperche elongation of the main inflorescence. Corresponds to growth stage F2 (CETIOM) or 61 (BBCH scale);GRWSTG_F2 stageF2_cnt_dayj Growth Stage F2;10% of the flowers are open on the main inflorescence Thomas Alcock, David Salt SdRb_M_mgkg Nottingham Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham LfAs_M_mgkg Rachel Wells John Innes Centre FtLen_M_cm SdNum_Ct_sd John Innes Centre Rachel Wells perfectly regular 9 Brassica napus ontology Brassica ontology 7 100% girdling (stem dead/lodged)) Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin SdAlcI_M_mgkg Rothamsted LfPb_M_mgkg Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham PhomaSKupper_E_0to7 University of Hertfordshire Yongju Huang, John West <5 spots per plant 1 Nottingham SNi_M_mgkg Thomas Alcock, David Salt NA 0 4 51-75% girdling Anne Laperche phomaDmg_CompG2_0to9 Phoma damage G2 score INRA 4 Diseased leaved with a few large lesions of many small leasions, area quite heavily infected Yongju Huang, John West PowMildew_E_0or1 University of Hertfordshire Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock LfZn_M_mgkg Nottingham Anne Laperche INRA protSeedCont_M_pct Protein %;Content of proteins in seeds determined by NIRS;Pr INRA Growth Stage Flowering;Additional flowering stages according to the BBCH scale (62-65);GRWSTG_FLO Anne Laperche stageFlo_cnt_dayj SdCa_M_mgkg Nottingham Thomas Alcock, David Salt 3 3 60-90% SdCycloartenol_M_mgkg Rothamsted Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham LfNa_M_mgkg Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham LfCu_M_mgkg high damage 7 SdAvenasterol_Cp_pct Rothamsted Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin 0 no visible affection SdAlcII_M_mgkg Rothamsted Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin 3 26-50% girdling 5-10 spots per plant 2 SdB-Sitosterol_Cp_pct Rothamsted Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin 5 Half green/half diseased, leaf curling and distortion SdStigmasterol_Cp_pct Rothamsted Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin SdBranched_M_mgkg Rothamsted Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin 4 Rothamsted Richard Broughton, Frederic Beaudoin SdCampesterolDiunsat_M_mgkg University of Hertfordshire Yongju Huang, John West Sclerot_Cou_plntPlot white blight acronym intermediate damage 5 trace 1 2 2-25% girdling moderately regular 5 Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham LfCr_M_mgkg LfCs_M_mgkg Martin Broadley,Thomas Alcock Nottingham 4 PhomaLS_Cou_plnt10plnt Yongju Huang, John West University of Hertfordshire SdMn_M_mgkg Nottingham Thomas Alcock, David Salt 2 Culture leaning, without impact Oil %;Content of oil in seeds determined by NIRS;O INRA oilSeedCont_M_pct Anne Laperche 7 Plants heavily stunted or dead. Average loding 5 2 No disease observable 0 severe damage 9 attribute 1 high > 90% 4 low to intermediate damage regularity stand - Estimation Visual notations (scale 0 - 9) density The mean density of lateral roots along the primary root LRD Lateral root Lateral root density Seed Sigmasterol content Stigmasterol SdStigmasterol_Cp The percentage of Stigmasterol in the total of Phytosterols in seeds Stigmasterol proportion of Phytosterols Seed Seed SdBrassicasterol Brassicasterol proportion of Phytosterols The percentage of Brassicasterol in the total of Phytosterols in seeds Brassicasterol Seed Brassicasterol content seed Sdy-toc gamma-tocopherol content Seed gamma- tocopherol content Gamma- tocopherol conten in seeds SdCampesterol_Cp Seed Campesterol content Campesterol Seed The percentage of Campesterol in the total of Phytosterols in seeds Campesterol proportion of Phytosterols Count number of fertile branches. Plants are randomly selected from the centre of a well established plots avoiding obvious volunteers. All plant are harvested in the field and returned to the lab for processing. Fertile Branches - Counting pod Pod length length Pod length of pods from terminal raceme Oil yield - Computation Oil yield calulated as a product of seed yield (SY) and oil content in seeds (O) Leaf Molybdenum content Leaf LfMo Molybdenum content The concentration of Molybdenum in leaves Pedicel length of pods from terminal raceme pedicel Pedicel length length HailDmg - Estimation Score the damage caused by hail. cm Plot measure validity – Estimation Annotations on plot measure validity. Possible values for a VALID measure : “valid” or empty and for INVALID measures (separated by comma) : “prob_BIOTIC” (problem from biotic attacks), “prob_LODGING” (problem with lodging), “prob_CLIMATIC” (problem with climatic incidents), “not valid” 3-5 leaves per plant were pooled and freeze-dried. These were then ground and digested in nitric acid in a microwave digester prior to analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry Leaf mineral analysis - Measurement SdNi The concentration of Nickel in seeds Seed Nickel content Seed Nickel content Protein meal content NIRS - Measurement NIRS assay. Pct of Seed Dry Weight Seed number number seed Number of seeds in ten typical pods Seed palmitic acid content Seed SdPalmitic The concentration of palmitic acid in seeds. Palmitic acid content Seed Number - Counting Count number of seeds in ten typical pods taken from main raceme (or primary branch if main raceme damaged) using MARVIN seed analyser. mg/kg Stem witdh - Measurement Measurement of stem width approx 2 cm from base from randomly selected plants,using SigmaScan from digital image. Seed diunsaturated Campesterol content Campesterol diunsat proportion of Phytosterols Campesterol diunsat The percentage of diunsaturated Campesterol in the total of Phytosterols in seeds SdCampesterolDiunsat_Cp Seed Lateral root Lateral root length LRL Length of the lateral root length Image analysis - Counting RootReader2D (RR2D, Clark et al., 2013) was used to analyse images. First, a ‘batch process’ was carried out which automatically ‘thresholds’, ‘skeletonises’ and ‘builds segments’ of all images in bulk. Then, the the root system of individual images was measured by placing a marker at the ase and tip of the primary root. From these markers, RR2D automatically calculates primary root length (PRL), lateral root length(LRL) of all laterals and lateral root number (LRN). Nitrate Harvest index - Computation Samples from HI assay are analysed for N_%DW in the different fractions The number of plants that showed presence of phoma leaf spots from a subsample of a plot Phoma leaf spots Number of plants with phoma leaf spots Plant The concentration of Sulphur in seeds Seed Seed Sulphur content SdS Sulphur content Plant height - Measurement Measure length of plant from ground level to tip of terminal raceme (cm). Plants are randomly selected from the centre of a well established plots avoiding obvious volunteers. All plant are harvested in the field and returned to the lab for processing. Development stage Plant End of flowering time (BBCH 69) BBCH growth stage 69;end flowering stage End of flowering on the main inflorescence, corresponds to growth stage 69 (BBCH scale) length Beak length beak Pod beak length Leaf The concentration of Calcium in leaves LfCa Leaf Calcium content Calcium content The total concentration of phytosterols in seeds Seed total Phytosterol content Seed SdPhytosterol Phytosterol content The average of length of lateral roots was derived from dividing lateral root length (LRL) by lateral root number (LRN). Lateral root lengths and numbers were previously derived from image analysis based - measurements from RR2D. (MO_001) Image analysis - Computation Plant Verticillium wilt incidence Verticilium wilt presence The percentage of plants that showed presence of leaf miner from a subsample of a plot First flowers are open, corresponds to growth stage F1 (CETIOM) or 60 (BBCH scale) Development stage BBCH growth stage 60;CETIUM growth stage F1 Plant First flowers time (BBCH 60) Weevils damage WeevilsDmg Plant Weevils damage Weevil damage caused by the agent Ceutorhynchus napi (Rape Stem Weevil), Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus (cabbage stem weevil) or Ceutorhynchus assimilis/obstrictus (cabbage seedpod weevil). Seed weight - Measurement Measure weight of seeds in ten typical pods taken from main raceme (or primary branch if main raceme damaged) using MARVIN seed analyser. CETIOM (2005), Guide Expérimentateur Colza, Fiche A1: 'Bien repérer les stades du colza'. Echelle BBCH. First inter-node (BBCH 31) date – Estimation Sodium content Seed Sodium content SdNa Seed The concentration of Sodium in seeds Phoma damage – G2 score – Computation Evaluation of the Phoma lingam infection with the G2 score. The evaluation occur in the stage G4 of the crop on the collar and on the elongation. Dig out the plant, Realize a cross section at the collar with a pruning, Classify the collars with the rating scale : 1= healthy plant ; 2=0-25% of necrotized surface, 3=25-50% of necrotized surface, 4=50-75% of necrotized surface, 5=75-100% of necrotized surface, 6=plant broke during the evaluation. % End of flowering (BBCH 69) date – Estimation CETIOM (2005), Guide Expérimentateur Colza, Fiche A1: 'Bien repérer les stades du colza'. Echelle BBCH. Leaf Arsenic content The concentration of Arsenic in leaves LfAs Leaf Arsenic content The concentration of Potassium in leaves LfK Potassium content Leaf Potassium content Leaf GC FID (Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector) - Measurement * 3 pods and 3 sections of stem (10 cm) were collected from each plant, and inserted into Pyrex glass tubes (122 mm (L) x 19 mm (D), roughly 20 ml vol.). * Wax was extracted using chloroform. Chloroform was spiked with a C22:0 alkane and C17:0 fatty acid as internal standards. Internal standard concentrations were 10 µM in chloroform (giving 100 pmol/µl for GC injection). Wax was extracted for 30 seconds using 10 ml of the chloroform/IS mixture. Sample tubes were inverted continuously during the extraction phase. PTFE cap liners were used to ensure minimal extraction of plasticisers. * Pod and stem material are removed from the tubes, and samples dried under vacuum in a centrifugal evaporator (Genevac, EZ-2) at ? 42°C using program low BP. Samples can also be dried under a stream of nitrogen at ? 30°C. * Wax components were derivatized with 200 µl of BSTFA + TMCS (99:1) for 1 hour at 85°C. * After cooling, 800 µl of heptane was added (total vol. 1 ml), and 1 µl was injected onto the GC-FID/MS. * GC program: * Initial temp: 50°C, to 200°C at 50°C/min, to 280°C at 2°C min, to 325°C at 10°C/min, hold for 6.5 minutes. * Inlet temp: 280°C, split-less injection. * Column: HP-1MS UI, 30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 µm, flow = 1 ml/ min. * FID temp: 325°C Seed Ratio of N accumulated in seed to N accumulated in the total plant (including shoot and root) Nitrogen Harvest Index Seed N content to total plant N content ratio NHI N content proportion of plant N content Boron content LfB Leaf Boron content The concentration of Boron in leaves Leaf StLinoleic Seed Linoleic acid content The concentration of linoleic acid in seeds. Seed linoleic acid content Seed StOleic Seed oleic acid content The concentration of oleic acid in seeds. Oleic acid content SdCa Seed Seed Calcium content Calcium content The concentration of Calcium in seeds Development stage BBCH growth stage 71;CETIUM growth stage G1 Plant 10% of the pods have reached their final size, flowering of secondary inflorescences. Corresponds to growth stage G1 (CETIOM) or 71 (BBCH scale) Beginning of pod development time (BBCH 71) Phoma stem canker upper stem lesion score Upper stem Severity assessment of phoma stem canker upper stem lesion score. It is a fungal infection of ascomycete species Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa Phoma stem cancer severity Seed Cycloartenol The percentage of Cycloartenol in the total of Phytosterols in seeds Seed Cycloartenol content Cycloartenol proportion of Phytosterols SdCycloartenol_Cp Plant height - Measurement Height is measured from ground to the top of the plants using a dipstick graduated in cm 10% of the seeds have reached maturity, seeds are brown and hard Corresponds to growth stage G5 (CETIOM) or 81 (BBCH scale) Development stage BBCH growth stage 81;CETIUM growth stage G5 Plant Beginning of pod maturity time (BBCH 81) Crop problems annotations - Estimation Visual observations Plant height PH plant height Maximum plant height from ground to tip of terminal raceme Linolenic acid content Seed linolenic acid content The concentration of linolenic acid in seeds. Seed StLinolenic LfFe Leaf Leaf Iron content Iron content The concentration of Iron in leaves Meal protein content Meal MlProt Protein content The concentration of proteins in the meal. Seed Cycloartenol content The concentration of Cycloartenol in seeds Cycloartenol content Seed Cycloartenol SdCycloartenol Leaf Cadmium content LfCd The concentration of Cadmium in leaves Leaf Cadmium content GC FID (Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector) - Measurement * Roughly 80 mg of seed material is weighed into Precellys grinding tubes (ceramic beads, 2 ml capacity). The large seed amount is to reduce inter-seed variation. * Seeds are ground at 5500 rpm for 25 seconds three times, with a wait time of 30 seconds between each grinding step. * 1 ml of hexane containing the internal standards cholesteryl-heptadecanocate and cholestanol at a concentration of 0.00002M (20 µM) are added to samples. * Samples are vortexed, and then incubated at 30°C in a rotary incubator at 200 rpm for 1 hour. * Samples were then centrifuged at 14000 rpm for 1 minute to sediment seed material. The hexane supernatant was removed using Pasteur pipettes and transferred to 3 ml, glass trident vials. * A further two hexane extractions were performed (with no internal standards added), with 1 ml of pure hexane added to each sample, incubation at 30°C for 1 hour at 200 rpm, with a prior sample vortex step, centrifugation at 14000 rpm and finally, separation and pooling of the hexane fractions. * The 3 ml of seed lipid extract was dried down using a Genevac EZ-2 at ? 40°C for 40 minutes. * 1.5 ml of 1.5 M potassium hydroxide in 95% ethanol was added to the lipid sample (roughly 10 mg), and incubated at 80°C for 1 hour (from 80 mg total seed, 1ml total suspension, 250 ul used). * The samples are cooled, and 1 ml of a 1% (w/v) NaCl solution is added, followed by 1 ml of hexane. * Samples are vortexed, centrifuged and the upper hexane phase is removed. * A further hexane extraction is carried out with 1 ml of hexane, which is pooled with the first. * Samples are dried in a rotary evaporator or under a stream of nitrogen. * Free sterols are then silated using 100 µl of BSTFA + TMCS (99:1) for 1 hour at 85°C. (100 ul heptane added, 1 ul injection into GC-FID). *GC program: * Initial temp: 200°C, to 300°C at 16°C/min, then to 325°C at 4°C min and held for 4.5 minutes. * Inlet temp: 325°C, split-less injection. * Column: HP-1MS UI, 30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 µm, flow = 1 ml/ min. * FID temp: 325°C scale_of Plant stand at emergence – Computation EMERG = (Number of plants obtained / Number of seeds sown) x 100 μmol/g Leaf phoma resistance Severity assessment of phoma leaf spot Leaf Phoma leaf spot severity Leaf Selenium content Selenium content Leaf The concentration of Selenium in leaves LfSe CETIOM (2005), Guide Expérimentateur Colza, Fiche A1: 'Bien repérer les stades du colza'. Echelle BBCH. Beginning of pod maturity (BBCH 81) date – Estimation Vanadium content The concentration of Vanadium in leaves LfV Leaf Leaf Vanadium content Pod Pod shattering Shattering PodShat Proportion of open pods (assessment) Pod shattering - Estimation Visual notations (scale 0 - 9) Yield Biomass yield Weight (kg) of raw materials harvested by plot Biomass Additional stages for pod development according to the BBCH scale (72-79) Development stage Plant pod development stage;time to BBCH growth stages 72-79 Pod development time (BBCH 72-79) LLS severity on leaf Light leaf spot resistance Light Leaf spot severity on leafs Leaf day-of-year Leaf The percentage of plants that showed presence of light leaf spot incidence on leaves Light leaf spot incidence LLS incidence on leaf Seed protein Yield - Computation Seed protein content is calulated as a product of seed yield (SY) and protein content (expressed as a fraction) in seeds (Pr) Stand Plant stand Crop stand PltSd Plant density Plant Number of viable plants counted per surface unit pod width Pod width Pod width of pods from terminal raceme 0-9 Damage/Incidence scale LfRb Leaf Leaf Rubidium content The concentration of Rubidium in leaves Rubidium content SdMn The concentration of Manganese in seeds Seed Manganese content Seed Manganese content Palmitic seed content NIRS - Measurement NIRS assay. Pct total fatty acids 3 seeds per tube and occasionally four for verry small seeds from multiple replicate plants per accession were left to soak in nitric acid over night and then digested in block heaters prior to analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This data was then weight normalised so that data from each element was in the units mg/kg Seed mineral analysis - Measurement MLRL Mean lateral root length The mean length of a lateral root of that root system average length Lateral root Seed SdSr Strontium content The concentration of Strontium in seeds Seed Strontium content HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography) analysis - Measurement A homogenous mixture of 80 mg of rapeseed seeds from each plant were ground in a bead mill (Tissue Lyser, Qiagen, Manchester, UK) twice for 2min at 30Hz with 750 µl heptane (Rathburn, Walkerburn, UK) and 150 µl of 0.12mg mL-1 (25.4µM) internal standard, alpha-tocopherol acetate (Sigma-Aldrich, Gillingham, UK) dissolved in ethanol (Rathburn). Samples were incubated at 4°C for 2h, centrifuged and 20 µl of clear supernatant directly subjected to HPLC analysis. Tocopherols were identified by comparison of retention times with standards. TTC was counted as the sum of a-,y- and d-tocopherol contents Stem length - Measurement Measure length of lower stem from ground level to last formed fertile branch (cm) Plants are randomly selected from the centre of a well established plots avoiding obvious volunteers. All plant are harvested in the field and returned to the lab for processing. Leaf Nickel content Nickel content Leaf LfNi The concentration of Nickel in leaves Plant Plant damage caused by hail. Hail damage HailDmg Hail damage Presence (1) or absence (0) of powdery mildew Plant Powdery mildew presence Absence or presence of powdery mildew Protein seed content NIRS - Measurement NIRS assay. Pct of Seed Dry Weight LfMg Leaf Magnesium content Leaf Magnesium content The concentration of Magnesium in leaves The percentage of plants that showed presence of leaf miner from a subsample of a plot Incidence with leaf miner Leaf miner incidence Leaf Seed moisture content Moisture content Seed Seed moisture content. SdMoist diameter The diameter of a seed Seed Seed diameter SD No of plants with Sclerotinia (per plot) Sclerotinia incidence Plant Presence or absence of fungal infection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a disease also known as 'white blight' , as it produces cottony white mold, on mainly the aboveground parts, which turn into small black 'sclerotia' for overwintering. Seed impurity content – Computation Differential weighing. A sample of around 200 grammes ofdrymature seeds is weighted before and after cleaning using a column in order to determine the gross weight (GWg) and the net weight (NWg) respectively BBCH growth stage 73;CETIUM growth stage G4 Development stage Plant Early pod development time (BBCH 73) 30% of the pods have reached their final size, flowering of secondary inflorescences. Corresponds to growth stage G4 (CETIOM) or 73 (BBCH scale) Erucid acid content SdErucic Seed Seed erucic acid content The concentration of erucic acid in seeds. Pod and stem branched Alcyl-chain content SdBranched Pod and stem The concentration of all compounds with branched alcyl chains from pod and stem material branched Alcyl-chain content root/cm Six plants per plot were assessed for severity of phoma stem canker on the upper stem. For assessing the upper stem lesion severity, the stem were cut at the upper stem area, the cross-section was scored on a 0-7 scale ( 0= no symptoms observable, 1 = ≤ 5% girdling,2= 2-25% girdling, 3=26-50% girdling, 4=51-75% girdling, 5= 75-100% girdling, 6=100% girdling ( stem weak/firm), 7 = 100% girdling (stem dead/lodged)) Phoma stem cancer severity - Estimation The concentration of B-Sitosterol in seeds B-Sitosterol Seed B-Sitosterol content SdB-Sitosterol Seed B-Sitosterol content Plot Size – Computation Surface is determined by the experimental design Seed Seed Potassium content SdK The concentration of Potassium in seeds Potassium content Severity assessment of phoma stem canker base stem on a 0-7 scale. Stem canker is a fungal infection of ascomycete species Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa Phoma stem cancer severity Phoma stem canker base stem score Stem base Measurement of pod beak length (cm) is taken as the average from ten typical pods measured using SigmaScan from digital image of ten pods per plant. Pod beak length - Measurement LLS severity - Estimation 10 plants were sampled from each plot, each plant was assessed for light leaf spot on all pods and the % diseased area estimated. Seed Boron content The concentration of Boron in seeds Boron content Seed SdB mg Leaf Manganese content Leaf Manganese content The concentration of Manganese in leaves LfMn Seed Cobalt content The concentration of Cobalt in seeds Seed SdCo Cobalt content PrY Protein yield per ha Protein yield Seed Seed protein yield Titanium content LfTi Leaf Titanium content The concentration of Titanium in leaves Leaf mm Seed alpha- tocopherol content alpha-tocopherol content Alpha- tocopherol content in seeds Sda-toc seed Leaf LfU Leaf Uranium content The concentration of Uranium in leaves Uranium content Pod and stem secondary Alkohol functional group content secondary Alkohol functional group content SdAlcII The concentration of components with secondary alcohol functional groups from pod and stem material Pod and stem SdMg The concentration of Magnesium in seeds Seed Magnesium content Seed Magnesium content B-Sitosterol Seed B-Sitosterol content The percentage of B-Sitosterol in the total of Phytosterols in seeds Seed B-Sitosterol proportion of Phytosterols SdB-Sitosterol_Cp CETIOM (2005), Guide Expérimentateur Colza, Fiche A1: 'Bien repérer les stades du colza'. Echelle BBCH. Beginning of flowering (BBCH 61) date - Estimation Leaf miner incidence (diseased) - Counting 10 plants from each plot were sampled and the leaf miner incidence was assessed. Plants were assessed for the presence or absence of leaf miner. The incidence of leaf miner was calculated as % of plants out of the ten sampled plants that were found to have leaf miner. plants/6 plants The sum of primary root length (PRL) and lateral root length (LRL) was used to obtain total root length (TRL). Root lengths were previously derived from image analysis based - measurements from RR2D. (MO_001) Image analysis - Computation Seed weight of ten typical pods weight seed Seed weight Observe damage caused by Weevils (all species), and rate the damage. Weevil damage - Estimation CETIOM (2005), Guide Expérimentateur Colza, Fiche A1: 'Bien repérer les stades du colza'. Echelle BBCH. Early pod development (BBCH 73) date – Estimation Rubidium content The concentration of Rubidium in seeds Seed Rubidium content SdRb Seed Phoma stem cancer severity - Estimation Six plants per plot were assessed for severity of phoma stem canker on the base of the stem. For assessing the base stem canker severity, the stem were cut at the stem base, the cross-section was scored on a 0-7 scale ( 0= no symptoms observable, 1 = ≤ 5% girdling,2= 2-25% girdling, 3=26-50% girdling, 4=51-75% girdling, 5= 75-100% girdling, 6=100% girdling ( stem weak/firm), 7 = 100% girdling (stem dead/lodged)) SdBrassicasterol Seed The concentration of Brassicasterol in seeds Brassicasterol Seed Brassicasterol content Brassicasterol content Oil seed content NIRS - Measurement NIRS assay. Pct of Seed Dry Weight 0-9 Regularity scale 0-7 percentage scale Image analysis - Computation Density of lateral roots (LRD) occuring along the primary root were calculated by dividing lateral root number (LRN) by primary root length (PRL). Lateral root number (LRN) and primary root length (PRL) were previously derived from image analysis based - measurements from RR2D. (MO_001) 0-5 percentage bracket scale Seed Lithium content SdLi Seed The concentration of Lithium in seeds Lithium content variable_of Surface of the elementary experimental plot Plot size Size PlotSize Plot Count the number of plants on linear sections defined in each sowing line at the exception of the border lines Plant stand - Counting LLS resistance - Estimation 10 plants from each plot were assessed on severity of light leaf spot (LLS) on the leaf. Assessment is based on a 0-7 score: 0=No disease observable, 1=Trace of disease, 2=Diseased leaves with non or a few small lesions, 3= Plants with scattered lesions, 4=Diseased leaved with a few large lesions of many small leasions, area quite heavily infected, 5= Half green/half diseased, leaf curling and distortion, 6= Evidence of stunting, 7=Plants heavily stunted or dead. This is based on the leaves of the whole plant. For example, if a plant had only scattered lesions on different leaves, it will score 3; if the same plant was heavily stunted, it will score 7. Visual observations Biotic stress annotations - Estimation Additionnal pod development stages (BBCH 72-79) date – Estimation CETIOM (2005), Guide Expérimentateur Colza, Fiche A1: 'Bien repérer les stades du colza'. Echelle BBCH. length Total root TRL Total root length Length of all roots Seeds were sieved using mesh with a diameter (Ø) of 1.4, 1.7, 2.0 and 2.36 mm. Seeds retained were recorded in the corresponding diameter category and treated as if this was their true diameter. Seed sieving - Estimation The whole plot was assessed and the number of plants which showed Sclreotinia stem rot presence on stem or side branch was recorded. Sclerotinia incidence (diseased) - Counting Cadmium content SdCd Seed The concentration of Cadmium in seeds Seed Cadmium content Lead content Leaf Lead content LfPb Leaf The concentration of Lead in leaves Climatic incidents annotions - Estimation Visual observations Campesterol Campesterol content Seed The concentration of Campesterol in seeds Seed Campesterol content SdCampesterol 0-9 Lodging Incidence scale Seed Stigmasterol SdStigmasterol Stigmasterol content The concentration of Stigmasterol in seeds Seed Sigmasterol content Copper content LfCu Leaf Copper content The concentration of Copper in leaves Leaf OY Oil yield Plant Oil yield Oil yield Phoma leaf spot incidence (diseased) - Estimation 10 plants from each plot were sampled. Each plant was assessed for presence/absence of phoma leaf spots. The number of plants with phoma leaf spots out of the 10 plants was recorded Oleic seed content NIRS - Measurement NIRS assay. Pct total fatty acids Beginning of pod development (BBCH 71) date – Estimation CETIOM (2005), Guide Expérimentateur Colza, Fiche A1: 'Bien repérer les stades du colza'. Echelle BBCH. The concentration of Copper in seeds Seed Copper content SdCu Seed Copper content Caesium content Leaf Leaf Caesium content LfCs The concentration of Caesium in leaves SdCr Seed Chromium content Seed Chromium content The concentration of Chromium in seeds Linoleic seed content NIRS - Measurement NIRS assay. Pct total fatty acids LfNa Leaf Sodium content Sodium content Leaf The concentration of Sodium in leaves fertile branch Arsenic content Seed SdAs The concentration of Arsenic in seeds Seed Arsenic content Pod and stem SdAlk Pod and stem Alkane-functional group content The concentration of components with alkane functional groups from pod and stem material Alkane-functional group content pod/20cm of terminal raceme Six plants per plot were assessed for severity of phoma stem canker. For assessing the stem canker severity, the stem were cut the stem base, the cross-section was scored on a 0-7 scale ( 0= no symptoms observable, 1 = ≤ 5% girdling,2= 2-25% girdling, 3=26-50% girdling, 4=51-75% girdling, 5= 75-100% girdling, 6=100% girdling ( stem weak/firm), 7 = 100% girdling (stem dead/lodged)) Phoma stem cancer severity - Estimation Measurement of mean length of pedicel (cm), using SigmaScan from digital image of 10 typical pods from terminal raceme or primary raceme if terminal was damaged Pedicel length - Measurement The concentration of Molybdenum in seeds Seed Molybdenum content Seed Molybdenum content SdMo Comment Pod and stem wax content The concentration of wax in the pod and seed material wax content Pod and stem SdTotalWax Number of fertile branches number Number of fertile branches fertile branch The concentration of Sulphur in leaves Leaf LfS Sulphur content Leaf Sulphur content SdZn Zinc content Seed Zinc content Seed The concentration of Zinc in seeds Seed SdFe Iron content Seed Iron content The concentration of Iron in seeds The concentration of components with aldehyde functional groups from pod and stem material SdAld Pod and stem Aldehyde functional group content Pod and stem Aldehyde functional group content stem Stem width measured at the midpoint of a 5cm sample collected from the base of a hand harvested plant width Stem width Phoma incidence Incidence of Phoma leaf spot Leaf The percentage of plants that showed presence of phoma leaf spot from a subsample of a plot Seed Campesterol diunsat diunsaturated Campesterol content SdCampesterolDiunsat Seed diunsaturated Campesterol content The concentration of diunsaturated Campesterol in seeds CETIOM (2005), Guide Expérimentateur Colza, Fiche A1: 'Bien repérer les stades du colza'. Echelle BBCH. Additionnal pod maturity stages (BBCH 82-99) date – Estimation 0-3 disease stage scale Seed Seed Phosphorus content The concentration of Phosphorus in seeds dSP Phosphorus content The concentration of Balium in leaves Leaf Balium content Leaf Balium content LfBa Seed moisture content – Computation Differential weighing. A sample of around 5 grammes of cleaned dry mature seeds is weighted before and after drying at 103°C for 15 hours in order to determine the fresh weight (FWg) and the dry weight (DWg) respectively NIRS assay Seed moisture NIRS - Measurement CETIOM (2005), Guide Expérimentateur Colza, Fiche A1: 'Bien repérer les stades du colza'. Echelle BBCH. Addictional flowering stages (BBCH 62-65) date – Estimation Visual notation (scale 0 - 9) is attributed to the plants for each plot, taking into account the surface and the intensity of lodging Plant lodging incidence - Estimation NIRS assay Quantity per Seed Dry Weight GLS seed content NIRS - Measurement Seed Seed Lead content The concentration of Lead in seeds Lead content SdPb Leaf Aluminium content Leaf LfAl Aluminium content The concentration of Aluminium in leaves Plant emergence Seed Plant stand at emergence PltSdEm Percentage of seeds that emerge. LfAg Silver content The concentration of Silver in leaves Leaf Leaf Silver content method_of 0-7 disease stage scale NIRS assay. Pct total fatty acids Linolenic seed content NIRS - Measurement The concentration of glucosinolates in seeds. Seed glucosinolate content Glucosinolate content Seed SdGLS Plant BioticPb Biotic attack during the crop cycle. Biotic attack annotation Exposure to biotic attack; damage du to biotic attack 10 plants from each plot were assessed and the number of plants with Phoma leaf spot was recorded. The whole plant was assessed. The incidence of Phoma leaf spot was calculated as % of plants out of ten sampled plants that were found to have Phoma leaf spot. Phoma incidence (diseased) - Counting Six plants were sampled from each plot. Each whole plant was assessed for presence or absence of verticilium wilt. The % of plants with Verticillium symptoms out of the 6 sampled plants was recorded. Verticilium wilt presence - Counting Plant Numper of plants that are infected by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a disease also known as 'white blight' , as it produces cottony white mold, on mainly the aboveground parts, which turn into small black 'sclerotia' for overwintering. No of plants with Sclerotinia (out of six) Sclerotinia incidence boolean pod maturity stage;time to BBCH growth stage 82-99 Plant Pod maturity time (BBCH 82-99) Development stage Additional stages for pod maturity according to the BBCH scale (82-99) Measurement of mean pod length (cm), using SigmaScan from digital image of 10 typical pods from terminal raceme or primary raceme if terminal was damaged Pod length - Measurement Crop problems during the crop cycle. Plant Exposure to crop problems;damage from crop problem Crop problems annotation CropPb plant/m2 Seed Avenasterol content The concentration of Avenasterol in seeds Avenasterol SdAvenasterol Seed Avenasterol content The plant lodging incidence. Plant lodging incidence Lodg Plant Lodging incidence Sclerotinia incidence (diseased) - Counting Six plants were sampled and each plant was assessed for the presence/absence of Sclerotinia stem rot, number of plants with Sclerotinia was recorded (for the second replicate). Stearic acid content The concentration of stearic acid in seeds. SdStearic Seed stearic acid content Seed Seed impurity content Impurities content Seed SdImpur Percentage of impurities in a sample of seeds determined by weighing. NIRS assay. Pct total fatty acids Erucid seed content NIRS - Measurement LfP Leaf Phosphorus content Phosphorus content The concentration of Phosphorus in leaves Leaf The concentration of Chromium in leaves LfCr Chromium content Leaf Leaf Chromium content Beginning of flowering time (BBCH 61) Development stage BBCH growth stage 61;CETIUM growth stage F2 10% of the flowers are open on the main inflorescence, elongation of the main inflorescence Corresponds to growth stage F2 (CETIOM) or 61 (BBCH scale) Plant Seed SdProt The concentration of proteins in seeds. Protein content Seed protein content Seed Moisture content Seed moisture content. Seed moisture content SdMoist Additional flowering stages according to the BBCH scale (62-65) flowering stage;time to BBCH growth stage 62-65;Anthesis Development stage Plant Flowering time (BBCH 62-65) Pod and stem SdFA The concentration of components with fatty acids as functional groups from pod and stem material Fatty acids functional group content Pod and stem Fatty acids functional group content SdOil Seed The concentration of oil in seeds. Seed oil content Oil content Phoma stem canker severity Severity assessment of phoma stem canker base stem on a 0-7 scale. Stem canker is a fungal infection of ascomycete species Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa Phoma stem cancer severity Stem PhomaDmg Withering disease caused by the agent Leptosphaeria maculans (Phoma). Phoma damage Withering disease Phoma damage Plant Scoring of presence or absence of verticilium wilt symptoms across whole plant. Verticilium wilt presence - Estimation Seed SdAvenasterol_Cp Avenasterol Avenasterol proportion of Phytosterols The percentage of Avenasterol in the total of Phytosterols in seeds Seed Avenasterol content delta-tocopherol content seed Seed delta- tocopherol content Delta- tocopherol content in seeds Sdd-toc LLS incidence (diseased) - Estimation 10 plants from each plot were assessed on % incidence with light leaf spot (LLS). The incidence of LLS on leaves was recorded based on presence/absence of LLS. For example, 4 out 10 plants with phoma, the incidence of phoma will be 40%. plants/plot pod number Number of pods on terminal raceme Pod number Plant Scoring of the regularity of the plant stand Regularity of plant stand Stand Climatic incidents annotation ClimPb Plant Climatic incidents during the crop cycle. Exposure to climatic stress LLS severity on pods (percentage of pod area covered by LLS) Light leaf spot severity on pods, judged by the percentage area of the pods covered by LLS. Light leaf spot severity Pod The percentual proportions of individual Sterols derived from MO_008 were calculated from the concentrations with regard to the total amount of sterols Relative seed Phytosterol content - Computation kg root q/ha Measurement of mean pod width (cm), using SigmaScan from digital image of 10 typical pods from terminal raceme or primary raceme if terminal was damaged Pod width - Measurement Primary root length Primary root lengh PRL Length of the primary root 2020-10-19T00:00:02 Seed moisture content humidifier - Measurement Humidimeter (sample of seeds) Zinc content Leaf Zinc content LfZn Leaf The concentration of Zinc in leaves Count number of pods in a 20 cm length of the terminal raceme (primary if terminal damaged). Plants are randomly selected from the centre of a well established plots avoiding obvious volunteers. All plant are harvested in the field and returned to the lab for processing. Pod Number - Counting primary Alkohol functional group content Pod and stemprimary Alkohol functional group content The concentration of components with primary alcohol functional groups from pod and stem material SdAlcI Pod and stem Plant Verticilium wilt presence Verticilium wilt presence Absence or presence of Verticilium wilt on the plant Assessment on measure validity. Plot Measure validity Valid Plot measure validity Seed Selenium content SdSe Selenium content Seed The concentration of Selenium in seeds NIRS assay. Pct total fatty acids Stearic seed content NIRS - Measurement Leaf phoma resistance - Estimation 10 spots per plant]]> Development stage First inter-node time (BBCH 31) Bolting date when the first inter-node appears, corresponds to growth stage C1 (CETIOM) or 31 (BBCH scale) Plant BBCH growth stage 31;CETIUM growth stage C1 length Foot length foot Length of lower stem from ground level to last formed fertile branch The concentration of components with ketone functional groups from pod and stem material Pod and stem Ketone functional group content Ketone functional group content SdKeto Pod and stem A measurement of the amount (in kg) of raw material that was harvested per plot as determined by on-board weighing on the harvester plotharvest - Measurement LfSr Leaf Leaf Strontium content The concentration of Strontium in leaves Strontium content CETIOM (2005), Guide Expérimentateur Colza, Fiche A1: 'Bien repérer les stades du colza'. Echelle BBCH. First flowers (BBCH 60) date – Estimation Lateral root number Number of lateral roots Lateral root number LRN LLS severity - Estimation 10 plants were sampled from each plot. Each plant was assessed for light leaf spot (LLS) on the whole stem (from botton to the top) and the % diseased area estimated. Light leaf spot severity Stem LLS severity on stem (percentage of stem area covered by LLS) Light leaf spot severity on stems, judged by the percentage of area covered by LLS. seed plants/10 plants Powdery mildew presence - Estimation Six plants were sampled from each plot, each plant was assessed for appearance of powdery mildew, if powdery mildew was present, it is recorded as 1