L Low Margaret Worthington CIAT GLA_M_cm2Plnt Margaret Worthington PA_E_1to5 CIAT Margaret Worthington RhizocSev_E_0to5 CIAT CIAT PsimuAnti_E_pct Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington AvariADmg_E_0to5 ZcarbEN_Ct_EggPlnt Margaret Worthington CIAT CIAT RMDia_M_mm Margaret Worthington CIAT BmNDF_M_pct Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington CIAT SdGY_M_gplant average biomass 6 fair to good 5 LWidLngR_C_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington CIAT LWid_M_cm CIAT GLBp_C_pct Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington CIAT AreduAN_Ct_AdultPlnt CIAT AvariAN_Ct_AdultPlnt Margaret Worthington AlTol_E_1to5 Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington SpittleEN_Ct_EggPlnt CIAT PH_M_cm Margaret Worthington CIAT ShootBm_FW_gPlnt Margaret Worthington CIAT wide W sexual SX CIAT PBm_FW_gPlnt Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington CIAT RV_E_1to4 highly susceptible 1 good to very good 7 ZcarbAN_Ct_AdultPlnt Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington FN_E_1to5 CIAT CIAT RBm_M_gPlnt Margaret Worthington narrow N leafy 4 Margaret Worthington CIAT PsimuNDmg_E_0to5 Margaret Worthington BmIVDMD_NIR_pct CIAT highly tolerant 5 M Moderate CIAT PsimuAN_Ct_AdultPlnt Margaret Worthington BmHvst_date_ymd CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington PsimuEN_Ct_EggPlnt SdHvst_date_ymd Margaret Worthington CIAT CIAT WlgTol_C_idx Margaret Worthington attribute acronym PQY_M_num CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT BmNDF_NIR_pct Margaret Worthington 1 very prostrate poor 2 CIAT ZcarbADmg_E_0to5 Margaret Worthington PsimuADmg_E_0to5 Margaret Worthington CIAT LLng_M_cm Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington ZcarbAnti_E_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT PChlorosis_E_0to2 PBm_Img_idx Margaret Worthington CIAT CIAT AvariNDmg_E_0to5 Margaret Worthington CIAT AlTol_C_idx Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington GLBm_DW_gPlnt CIAT SdNY_M_gplant CIAT Margaret Worthington 3 kept for future evaluation 6 good moderately low biomass 5 RA_E_1to10 CIAT Margaret Worthington very stemmy 1 Margaret Worthington StmBm_DW_gPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington GH_E_1to5 CIAT CIAT Margaret Worthington WlgTol_E_1to4 CIAT ChoroticLBm_DW_gPlnt Margaret Worthington VS Very sensitive CIAT PDia_M_cm Margaret Worthington 2 prostrate CIAT LChl_M_CCI Margaret Worthington RLD_M_cmcm3 CIAT Margaret Worthington PBm_DW_gPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington PBm_E_1to10 CIAT 21-40% damaged foliage 2 Margaret Worthington CIAT PLP_C_pct Margaret Worthington BmADF_NIR_pct CIAT 0 no symptoms observed Margaret Worthington AreduEN_Ct_EggPlnt CIAT culled 2 PPP_E_1to5 CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT BmCP_M_pct Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington LBm_DW_gPlnt CIAT CIAT AvariAnti_E_pct Margaret Worthington CIAT POTP_M_pct Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington AreduADmg_E_0to5 CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT RhizocSev_E_0to2 Brachiaria ontology AreduAnti_E_pct Margaret Worthington CIAT extremely low biomass 2 CIAT Margaret Worthington DrghtTol_E_1to5 Margaret Worthington FN_Ct_fm2 CIAT 4 selected as promising 5 very good (VG) Margaret Worthington IVDMDNDF_M_pct CIAT AP apomictic LWid_E_1to3 CIAT Margaret Worthington Moderately resistant M 3 poor to fair severe symptoms 2 PGC_Img_cmPlnt Margaret Worthington CIAT CIAT AvariEN_Ct_EggPlnt Margaret Worthington ZcarbNDmg_E_0to5 CIAT Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington BmADF_M_pct CIAT BmIVDMD_M_pct Margaret Worthington CIAT poor (P) 2 CIAT IVDMDNDF_NIR_pct Margaret Worthington CIAT RL_M_cmPlnt Margaret Worthington tolerant 4 1 mild to moderate symptoms very low biomass 3 1-20% damaged foliage 1 3 41-60% damaged foliage CIAT Margaret Worthington ShootBm_DW_gPlnt R Resistant no biomass 1 81-100% damaged foliage 5 8 very good facultative apomictic FA HR Highly Resistant extremely high biomass 10 Sensitive S fair (F) 3 medium growth habit 3 moderate flowers 3 2 few flowers T Tolerant susceptible 2 5 very leafy H High ReprodM_E_1to3 Margaret Worthington CIAT M medium VH Very high 0 no detectable damage 8 high biomass no flowers 1 4 low biomass intermediate 3 5 selected as very promising CIAT Margaret Worthington AreduNDmg_E_0to5 good (G) 4 erect 4 9 very good to excellent SpittleAN_Ct_AdultPlnt Margaret Worthington CIAT WaterExt_M_gCylWk CIAT Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington CIAT PLP_E_1to5 5 very many flowers very high biomass 9 4 many flowers 4 61-80% damaged foliage S Sensitive Very tolerant VT Margaret Worthington BmCP_NIR_pct CIAT entity 7 moderately high biomass 1 very poor (VP) CIAT Margaret Worthington FillSdP_C_pct very erect 5 fair 4 1 dead excellent 10 1 very poor 3 intermediate MR Moderately resistant stemmy 2 Seed harvest time. Plant Seed harvest time SdHvst Seed harvest time NIR spectroscopy - Measurement Follow standard near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method for quality determination on different fraction of the biomass. Observe plant damage caused by Splittlebug adults and record it. Spittlebug adult damage - Estimation Use formula to calculate Aluminium tolerance index. Entries with indices above 1 are more resistant than the average genotype in the experiment and entries with indices less than 1 have below average tolerance. Aluminium Tolerance Index - Computing cm2/plant Leaf Length of fully mature leaves from ligule to leaf tip (exclude flowering stems). Leaf length LLng Length 1-5 Visual tolerance score Visual estimation of off-types plants in a population. Plant proportion off types - Estimation Plant Projected area of the plant on the ground. Plant groundcover PGC Groundcover Seed gross yield - Measurement Record the weight of harvested seed. Prosapia simulans antibiosis Plants antibiosis tolerance to Prosapia simulans. PsimuAnti Plant Prosapia simulans antibiosis Filled seed proportion FillSdP Proportion of filled seed over total seed. Filled seed Proportion Disease severity on a plant caused by Rhizoctonia. Plant Rhizoctonia severity RhizocSev Rhizoctonia severity Chlorotic leaf Chlorotic leaf biomass Biomass The amount (weight) of chlorotic (yellow) leaves per unit area or plant. YLBm Zulia carbonaria antibiosis Antibiosis tolerance on a plants to Zulia carbonaria. Plant Zulia carbonaria antibiosis ZcarbAnti % Biomass harvest time. BmHvst Plant Biomass harvest time Biomass harvest time g/plant 1-5 Phenotypic evaluation scale Green leaf Proportion green leaves per unit area or plant. Proportion Green Leaf Biomass proportion GLBp Observe plants leafiness and rate it. Plant leafiness - Estimation Plant Zulia carbonaria adult number Zulia carbonaria adult number Number of Zulia carbonaria adults. ZcarbAN Use formula to calculate proportion of filled seed over total seed weight. Filled seed proportion - Computing PBm Fresh weight - Measurement Record dry weight after drying samples in a dryer at 60 C for 3-5 days. Aeneolamia varia egg number Number of Aeneolamia varia eggs. AvariEN Plant Aeneolamia varia egg number Aboveground biomass Neutral detergent fiber content of aboveground biomass. Neutral detergent fiber content BmNDF Neutral Detergent Fiber Area Green leaf Green leaf area GLA Green leaf area. Vigor Root vigor. Root RV Root Vigor Leaf width - Measurement Measure leaf width and record it. cm/cm3 Plant AlTol Aluminium tolerance The plants tolerance to Aluminium. Aluminium tolerance PBm Dry weight - Measurement Cut plants and weigh to register fresh weight. ReprodM Uniformity of progeny, indicating that reproduction is sexual, apomictic, or facultative apomictic. Reproductive mode Plant Plant reproductive mode 1-3 Leaf width score Plant biomass Index Observe the root vigor and rate it. Root Vigor -Estimation An assessment of chlorosis symptoms. Plant chlorosis PChlorosis Chlorosis Plant Seed harvest date - Estimation Record date of seed harvest. Flower Number FN Flower number Number of flowers. mm Aeneolamia varia adult number Aeneolamia varia adult number Plant Number of Aeneolamia varia adults. AvariAN Plant diameter Plant Diameter The plant diameter. PDia Root water extraction rate - Measurement Calculate amount of water extracted during a period of time. Spittlebug adult number - Counting Count the number of Spittlebug adult per plant. Plant damage caused by adults of Zulia carbonaria (Spittlebug). Zulia carbonaria adult damage Zulia carbonaria adult damage Plant ZcarbADmg 0-5 Visual damage/severity score Spittlebug adult/plant Seed Seed net yield SdNY The amount (weight) of filled seed that was harvested per unit area or plant. Net yield Root biomass Root RBm The amount (weight) of root per unit area, volume or plant. Biomass SpittleAN Plant Spittlebug adult number Number of Spittlebug adults. Spittlebug adult number Leaf LBm The amount (weight) of leaves per unit area or plant. Biomass Leaf biomass Zulia carbonaria nymph damage Plant damage caused by nymphs of Zulia carbonaria (Spittlebug). Zulia carbonaria nymph damage ZcarbADmg Plant Aeneolamia reducta antibiosis AreduAnti Aeneolamia reducta antibiosis Plant Plants antibiosis tolerance to Aeneolamia reducta. Plant AreduEN Aeneolamia reducta egg number Aeneolamia reducta egg number Number of Aeneolamia reducta eggs. Width of fully mature leaves at the widest part. LWid Leaf width Leaf Width Plant Leafiness Relative leafiness of a plant defined as how leafy a plant is. PLP Plant leafiness 1-5 Growth habit scale StmBm The amount (weight) of stem per unit area or plant. Biomass Stem Stem biomass Root length density RLD Length density Root length density. Root CCI Leaf biomass DW - Computing Compute leaf biomass using the formula. PQY Photosynthetic efficiency Leaf Photosynthetic efficiency Photosynthetic†quantum yield. Spittlebug egg/plant Number of Prosapia simulans eggs. Prosapia simulans egg number Prosapia simulans egg number Plant PsimuEN Number of Prosapia simulans adults. PsimuAN Prosapia simulans adult number Prosapia simulans adult number Plant Root length. Root Root length RL Length Root Mean diameter Root mean diameter. RMDia Root mean diameter AvariADmg Aeneolamia varia adult damage Aeneolamia varia adult damage Plant damage caused by adults of Aeneolamia varia (Spittlebug). Plant Visual estimation of plant biomass. Plant biomass - Estimation cm/plant In vitro dry matter digestibility In vitro dry matter digestibility In vitro dry matter digestibility of aboveground biomass. BmIVDMD Aboveground biomass Proportion Green Biomass - Computing Use formula to calculate proportion of green leaves Height of the plant from the base to the top of the canopy (excluding inflorescences). PH Height Plant Plant height Handheld Chlorophyll meter - Measurement The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ?chlorophyll concentration index? (CCI, ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on selected/marked leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles. Stem biomass DW - Measurement Separate stem from leaves, use dryer at 60C for three days and weigh. Proportion of off-type Proportion of off-types plants in a population. Plant Proportion of off-types POTP BmCP Crude protein content of aboveground biomass. Crude protein content Crude Protein content Aboveground biomass 1-3 Reproductive mode score cm Root length density measured by root scanning and image analysis using WinRhizo Software. Root length density - Measurement Use formula to compute waterlogging tolerance index based on visual observation recorded before treatment and at harvest time. Waterlogging tolerance - Computing AvariAnti Aeneolamia varia antibiosis Aeneolamia varia antibiosis Plant Plants antibiosis tolerance to Aeneolamia varia. Aluminium Tolerance - Estimation Observe the aluminium tolerance and rate it. Observe plant drought tolerance and rate it. Drought tolerance - Estimation Root aspect - Estimation Observe the aspect of root aspect and rate it. SpittleEN Number of Spittlebug eggs. Spittlebug egg number Spittlebug egg number Plant Observe relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by Rhizoctonia and record it. Often severity is represented as a proportion or percentage of plant surface affected. Plant Rhizoctonia severity - Estimation Non destructive determination of plant ground cover by analysis of images captured with drone. PGC Image analysis - Measurement Plant Zulia carbonaria egg number Number of Zulia carbonaria eggs. Zulia carbonaria egg number ZcarbEN Area Meter - Measurement Green leaf area is quantified using area meter (Licor-3100). Root mean diameter measured by root scanning and image analysis using WinRhizo Software. Root mean diameter - Measurement Number of flowers. Number Flower Flower number FN 1-4 Waterlogging tolerance scale Plant Plant phenotypic performance Phenotypic performance Overall performance of the plant that indicates whether the material is to be culled, kept, or selected as promising for further evaluation or not. PPP 1-5 Flower abundance scale AreduADmg Plant damage caused by adults of Aeneolamia reducta (Spittlebug). Aeneolamia reducta adult damage Aeneolamia reducta adult damage Plant GH Growth habit Growth habit as grade to which a plant is erect or prostrate. Plant growth habit Plant Aeneolamia reducta adult damage Aeneolamia reducta nymph damage Plant AreduADmg Plant damage caused by nymphs of Aeneolamia reducta (Spittlebug). GLBm Green leaf biomass Biomass Green leaf The amount (weight) of green leaves per unit area or plant. Plant PA Plant aspect Aspect Plant aspect. Measure plant height and record it. Plant Height - Measurement Standard method for chlorophyll fluorescent measurements using a handheld Fluorometer (Fluorpen). Handheld Fluorometer - Measurement Observe whether leaves are notably wide or narrow. Leaf width - Estimation Aeneolamia reducta adult number Number of Aeneolamia reducta adults. AreduAN Aeneolamia reducta adult number Plant Spittlebug egg number - Counting Count the number of Spittlebug eggs per plant. 1-5 Aluminium tolerance scale Prosapia simulans adult damage Prosapia simulans adult damage PsimuADmg Plant damage caused by adults of Prosapia simulans (Spittlebug). Plant Waterlogging tolerance - Estimation Observe waterlogging tolerance and rate it. Ratio of leaf width to length. Leaf Width to length ratio Leaf width to length ratio LWidLngR Seed Gross yield Seed gross yield SdGY The amount (weight) of total seed that was harvested per unit area or plant. Plant diameter is measured at the widest and most narrow point of the plant crown, and the average is recorded. Plant Diameter - Measurement Plant leafiness - Computing Use formula to calculate leaf weight to plant weight ratio. 1-4 Root vigor scale Visual estimation of number of flowers. Flower number - Estimation 1-5 General evaluation scale The amount (weight) of shoot per unit area or plant. ShootBm Biomass Shoot Shoot biomass Plant chlorosis - Estimation Observe plant chlorosis and rate it. Chemical Analysis - Measurement Follow standard chemical analysis for quality determination on different fraction of the biomass. Separate green leaves from stem and yellow leaves, use dryer at 60C for three days and weigh. Green leaf biomass DW - Measurement Calculate antibiosis tolerance to Spittlebug as survival rate of nymphs or eggs that mature to final instar or adult stage. Spittlebug antibiosis - Computing Record date of biomass harvest. Biomass harvest date - Estimation Root aspect RA Aspect Root Aspect of root system. PBm Biomass Plant biomass Plant Amount of aboveground plant biomass (leaves and stems). Chlorotic leaf biomass DW - Measurement Separate green leaves from stem and yellow leaves, use dryer at 60C for three days and weigh. Phenotypic performance - Estimation Observe plant phenotypic performance and rate it. WaterExt Water extraction rate Water extraction rate Plant Amount of water extracted in a period of time. 0-2 Symptoms general scale Plant aspect - Estimation Observe the aspect of plants per plot/entry and rate it. Plant Waterlogging tolerance Waterlogging tolerance WlgTol Plant tolerance to waterlogging. Record dry weight of shoots. Shoot biomass DW - Measurement Date (yymmdd) Waterlogging tolerance Index Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. Includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll content Leaf LChl Chlorophyll content Leaf length - Measurement Measure leaf length and record it. Plant damage caused by nymphs of Prosapia simulans (Spittlebug). Plant Prosapia simulans nymph damage Prosapia simulans nymph damage PsimuADmg variable_of 1-5 Plant leafiness scale IVDMDNDF In vitro dry matter digestibility of neutral detergent fiber fraction In vitro dry matter digestibility In vitro dry matter digestibility of aboveground biomass neutral detergent fiber fraction. Neutral detergent fiber content Observe plant damage caused by Splittlebug nymphs and record it. Spittlebug nymph damage - Estimation Leaf width to length ratio - Computing Compute leaf width to length ratio. Seed net yield - Measurement Clean harvested seed by removing not filled seeds and record the weight. Root length measured by root scanning and image analysis using WinRhizo Software. Root length - Measurement 1-10 General aspect score Aeneolamia varia nymph damage Aeneolamia varia nymph damage Plant AvariADmg Plant damage caused by nymphs of Aeneolamia varia (Spittlebug). DrghtTol Drought tolerance The plant tolerance to drought stress. Plant Drought tolerance scale_of Biomass drone method - Estimation Non destructive determination of plant biomass by analysis of images captured with a drone. Record dry weight of roots. Root biomass DW - Measurement Aboveground biomass Acid detergent fiber content of aboveground biomass. Acid detergent fiber content BmADF Acid Detergent Fiber content method_of Observe plant growth habit and rate it. Plant Growth habit - Estimation QY units Record shoot weight in fresh weight basis. Shoot biomass FW - Measurement g/cylinder/week Aluminium tolerance Index 1-10 Biomass scale Count flowers in a sampling quadrat. Flower number - Counting Observe plant reproductive mode and rate it. Plant reproductive mode - Estimation flower/m2