CIAT Margaret Worthington ZcarbAN_Ct_AdultPlnt CIAT ShootBm_FW_gPlnt Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington ChoroticLBm_DW_gPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington BmNDF_M_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington PsimuNDmg_E_0to5 CIAT Margaret Worthington PA_E_1to5 Margaret Worthington BmCP_NIR_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington AvariNDmg_E_0to5 CIAT PsimuEN_Ct_EggPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington sexual SX LWidLngR_C_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington good (G) 4 CIAT Margaret Worthington LChl_M_CCI CIAT Margaret Worthington BmADF_NIR_pct poor to fair 3 CIAT Margaret Worthington LWid_M_cm CIAT Margaret Worthington WlgTol_C_idx CIAT Margaret Worthington RBm_M_gPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington PLP_E_1to5 CIAT Margaret Worthington BmCP_M_pct GLBp_C_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington 10 excellent CIAT Margaret Worthington ReprodM_E_1to3 L Low Margaret Worthington CIAT BmNDF_NIR_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington PsimuAN_Ct_AdultPlnt very stemmy 1 Margaret Worthington PDia_M_cm CIAT moderately low biomass 5 Highly Resistant HR Margaret Worthington DrghtTol_E_1to5 CIAT 5 very good (VG) LWid_E_1to3 CIAT Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington AvariEN_Ct_EggPlnt CIAT CIAT Margaret Worthington FN_Ct_fm2 VS Very sensitive AvariAnti_E_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington FillSdP_C_pct Tolerant T CIAT Margaret Worthington RhizocSev_E_0to2 CIAT Margaret Worthington LBm_DW_gPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington RhizocSev_E_0to5 CIAT PChlorosis_E_0to2 Margaret Worthington ZcarbEN_Ct_EggPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington 5 highly tolerant CIAT Margaret Worthington AlTol_E_1to5 R Resistant ZcarbNDmg_E_0to5 CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT PBm_Img_idx Margaret Worthington no biomass 1 PsimuADmg_E_0to5 CIAT Margaret Worthington acronym ShootBm_DW_gPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington PBm_E_1to10 CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington POTP_M_pct IVDMDNDF_M_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington SdNY_M_gplant Margaret Worthington RLD_M_cmcm3 CIAT 8 very good CIAT WlgTol_E_1to4 Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington GH_E_1to5 medium growth habit 3 1 no flowers very erect 5 Margaret Worthington CIAT ZcarbAnti_E_pct CIAT AvariADmg_E_0to5 Margaret Worthington 81-100% damaged foliage 5 BmHvst_date_ymd CIAT Margaret Worthington 9 very high biomass good 6 2 poor (P) 4 tolerant SdGY_M_gplant CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington PGC_Img_cmPlnt AreduAN_Ct_AdultPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington RL_M_cmPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington 1 very poor culled 2 1 1-20% damaged foliage very many flowers 5 7 good to very good CIAT BmIVDMD_M_pct Margaret Worthington 3 fair (F) CIAT Margaret Worthington RV_E_1to4 AreduEN_Ct_EggPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington narrow N wide W CIAT FN_E_1to5 Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington PPP_E_1to5 susceptible 2 PsimuAnti_E_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington intermediate 3 stemmy 2 2 prostrate CIAT Margaret Worthington SpittleAN_Ct_AdultPlnt moderately high biomass 7 PBm_FW_gPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington M Moderately resistant Moderate M erect 4 WaterExt_M_gCylWk CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington AlTol_C_idx selected as promising 4 SdHvst_date_ymd CIAT Margaret Worthington very low biomass 3 4 many flowers IVDMDNDF_NIR_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington LLng_M_cm VH Very high AreduAnti_E_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington BmADF_M_pct low biomass 4 5 selected as very promising entity CIAT Margaret Worthington PQY_M_num PBm_DW_gPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington FA facultative apomictic poor 2 average biomass 6 apomictic AP RMDia_M_mm CIAT Margaret Worthington GLBm_DW_gPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington fair to good 5 BmIVDMD_NIR_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington H High Margaret Worthington ZcarbADmg_E_0to5 CIAT CIAT Margaret Worthington StmBm_DW_gPlnt 41-60% damaged foliage 3 PLP_C_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington AreduNDmg_E_0to5 CIAT Margaret Worthington medium M CIAT Margaret Worthington RA_E_1to10 PH_M_cm CIAT Margaret Worthington severe symptoms 2 extremely high biomass 10 very prostrate 1 8 high biomass CIAT Margaret Worthington AvariAN_Ct_AdultPlnt AreduADmg_E_0to5 CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington SpittleEN_Ct_EggPlnt 1 mild to moderate symptoms S Sensitive 0 no detectable damage 1 very poor (VP) no symptoms observed 0 Brachiaria ontology 2 21-40% damaged foliage intermediate 3 extremely low biomass 2 CIAT Margaret Worthington GLA_M_cm2Plnt 9 very good to excellent moderate flowers 3 dead 1 4 leafy highly susceptible 1 fair 4 attribute 3 kept for future evaluation 61-80% damaged foliage 4 Moderately resistant MR VT Very tolerant S Sensitive very leafy 5 few flowers 2 Green leaf The amount (weight) of green leaves per unit area or plant. Biomass GLBm Green leaf biomass Overall performance of the plant that indicates whether the material is to be culled, kept, or selected as promising for further evaluation or not. PPP Plant Plant phenotypic performance Phenotypic performance RMDia Root mean diameter. Root mean diameter Mean diameter Root Observe relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by Rhizoctonia and record it. Often severity is represented as a proportion or percentage of plant surface affected. Plant Rhizoctonia severity - Estimation Separate green leaves from stem and yellow leaves, use dryer at 60C for three days and weigh. Green leaf biomass DW - Measurement Record dry weight after drying samples in a dryer at 60 C for 3-5 days. PBm Fresh weight - Measurement Plant Reproductive mode Uniformity of progeny, indicating that reproduction is sexual, apomictic, or facultative apomictic. Plant reproductive mode ReprodM PChlorosis Plant Chlorosis Plant chlorosis An assessment of chlorosis symptoms. RhizocSev Rhizoctonia severity Plant Disease severity on a plant caused by Rhizoctonia. Rhizoctonia severity Date (yymmdd) Count the number of Spittlebug adult per plant. Spittlebug adult number - Counting Acid detergent fiber content Aboveground biomass Acid Detergent Fiber content Acid detergent fiber content of aboveground biomass. BmADF Observe plant growth habit and rate it. Plant Growth habit - Estimation Biomass Shoot biomass ShootBm Shoot The amount (weight) of shoot per unit area or plant. Record date of seed harvest. Seed harvest date - Estimation Spittlebug nymph damage - Estimation Observe plant damage caused by Splittlebug nymphs and record it. Follow standard chemical analysis for quality determination on different fraction of the biomass. Chemical Analysis - Measurement Plant ZcarbAnti Antibiosis tolerance on a plants to Zulia carbonaria. Zulia carbonaria antibiosis Zulia carbonaria antibiosis Plant PsimuAN Prosapia simulans adult number Prosapia simulans adult number Number of Prosapia simulans adults. Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. Includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. LChl Leaf Root aspect Aspect Aspect of root system. Root RA cm2/plant g/plant scale_of Observe the root vigor and rate it. Root Vigor -Estimation 1-5 Phenotypic evaluation scale Number of Zulia carbonaria eggs. Zulia carbonaria egg number Zulia carbonaria egg number Plant ZcarbEN Root length - Measurement Root length measured by root scanning and image analysis using WinRhizo Software. Aeneolamia reducta adult damage AreduADmg Aeneolamia reducta adult damage Plant damage caused by adults of Aeneolamia reducta (Spittlebug). Plant 1-5 Aluminium tolerance scale Number of Zulia carbonaria adults. Plant Zulia carbonaria adult number ZcarbAN Zulia carbonaria adult number method_of Non destructive determination of plant ground cover by analysis of images captured with drone. PGC Image analysis - Measurement RLD Length density Root length density Root Root length density. mm Clean harvested seed by removing not filled seeds and record the weight. Seed net yield - Measurement Plant damage caused by nymphs of Aeneolamia varia (Spittlebug). AvariADmg Plant Aeneolamia varia nymph damage Aeneolamia varia nymph damage Visual estimation of number of flowers. Flower number - Estimation Photosynthetic efficiency PQY Leaf Photosynthetic efficiency Photosynthetic†quantum yield. Plant leafiness - Estimation Observe plants leafiness and rate it. Aluminium Tolerance Index - Computing Use formula to calculate Aluminium tolerance index. Entries with indices above 1 are more resistant than the average genotype in the experiment and entries with indices less than 1 have below average tolerance. Root RL Length Root length. Root length Chlorotic leaf biomass DW - Measurement Separate green leaves from stem and yellow leaves, use dryer at 60C for three days and weigh. Height of the plant from the base to the top of the canopy (excluding inflorescences). PH Plant Height Plant height Aluminium tolerance Index cm NIR spectroscopy - Measurement Follow standard near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method for quality determination on different fraction of the biomass. Filled seed proportion Proportion Filled seed Proportion of filled seed over total seed. FillSdP Plant proportion off types - Estimation Visual estimation of off-types plants in a population. Proportion of off-type Proportion of off-types plants in a population. Proportion of off-types Plant POTP Plant Plant damage caused by adults of Zulia carbonaria (Spittlebug). Zulia carbonaria adult damage ZcarbADmg Zulia carbonaria adult damage Compute leaf width to length ratio. Leaf width to length ratio - Computing Green Leaf Biomass proportion Green leaf GLBp Proportion Proportion green leaves per unit area or plant. Biomass harvest date - Estimation Record date of biomass harvest. cm/cm3 Plant PsimuAnti Prosapia simulans antibiosis Plants antibiosis tolerance to Prosapia simulans. Prosapia simulans antibiosis Gross yield The amount (weight) of total seed that was harvested per unit area or plant. Seed gross yield SdGY Seed % 1-10 General aspect score Plant PsimuEN Number of Prosapia simulans eggs. Prosapia simulans egg number Prosapia simulans egg number Observe plant damage caused by Splittlebug adults and record it. Spittlebug adult damage - Estimation Plant Plant damage caused by nymphs of Prosapia simulans (Spittlebug). Prosapia simulans nymph damage Prosapia simulans nymph damage PsimuADmg In vitro dry matter digestibility of neutral detergent fiber fraction Neutral detergent fiber content IVDMDNDF In vitro dry matter digestibility of aboveground biomass neutral detergent fiber fraction. In vitro dry matter digestibility 0-5 Visual damage/severity score Root aspect - Estimation Observe the aspect of root aspect and rate it. Leaf width - Measurement Measure leaf width and record it. Root Root Vigor Vigor Root vigor. RV Neutral Detergent Fiber Aboveground biomass BmNDF Neutral detergent fiber content Neutral detergent fiber content of aboveground biomass. Shoot biomass FW - Measurement Record shoot weight in fresh weight basis. Leaf biomass DW - Computing Compute leaf biomass using the formula. WlgTol Plant tolerance to waterlogging. Waterlogging tolerance Plant Waterlogging tolerance Calculate antibiosis tolerance to Spittlebug as survival rate of nymphs or eggs that mature to final instar or adult stage. Spittlebug antibiosis - Computing 0-2 Symptoms general scale Observe plant reproductive mode and rate it. Plant reproductive mode - Estimation Biomass harvest time Plant Biomass harvest time Biomass harvest time. BmHvst Non destructive determination of plant biomass by analysis of images captured with a drone. Biomass drone method - Estimation Count flowers in a sampling quadrat. Flower number - Counting Use formula to calculate proportion of filled seed over total seed weight. Filled seed proportion - Computing Aeneolamia varia adult damage Plant damage caused by adults of Aeneolamia varia (Spittlebug). Plant Aeneolamia varia adult damage AvariADmg 1-3 Leaf width score PGC Groundcover Projected area of the plant on the ground. Plant groundcover Plant Separate stem from leaves, use dryer at 60C for three days and weigh. Stem biomass DW - Measurement Biomass PBm Plant biomass Plant Amount of aboveground plant biomass (leaves and stems). Leaf width Width LWid Leaf Width of fully mature leaves at the widest part. Aeneolamia reducta antibiosis Plant Plants antibiosis tolerance to Aeneolamia reducta. Aeneolamia reducta antibiosis AreduAnti Plant damage caused by nymphs of Aeneolamia reducta (Spittlebug). Aeneolamia reducta nymph damage Plant AreduADmg Aeneolamia reducta adult damage 1-5 Plant leafiness scale 1-5 Growth habit scale 1-5 General evaluation scale Green leaf area Area GLA Green leaf area. Green leaf Spittlebug egg/plant Waterlogging tolerance Index Spittlebug egg number - Counting Count the number of Spittlebug eggs per plant. Record dry weight of roots. Root biomass DW - Measurement Drought tolerance - Estimation Observe plant drought tolerance and rate it. Plant diameter PDia Plant The plant diameter. Diameter Measure plant height and record it. Plant Height - Measurement SdHvst Seed harvest time Plant Seed harvest time. Seed harvest time Use formula to calculate proportion of green leaves Proportion Green Biomass - Computing CCI The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ?chlorophyll concentration index? (CCI, ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on selected/marked leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles. Handheld Chlorophyll meter - Measurement Phenotypic performance - Estimation Observe plant phenotypic performance and rate it. Waterlogging tolerance - Computing Use formula to compute waterlogging tolerance index based on visual observation recorded before treatment and at harvest time. Plant biomass - Estimation Visual estimation of plant biomass. Plant PsimuADmg Prosapia simulans adult damage Plant damage caused by adults of Prosapia simulans (Spittlebug). Prosapia simulans adult damage Relative leafiness of a plant defined as how leafy a plant is. Plant leafiness Plant Leafiness PLP Drought tolerance DrghtTol Plant Drought tolerance The plant tolerance to drought stress. Ratio of leaf width to length. Width to length ratio LWidLngR Leaf width to length ratio Leaf SdNY Net yield Seed net yield Seed The amount (weight) of filled seed that was harvested per unit area or plant. Water extraction rate WaterExt Amount of water extracted in a period of time. Plant Water extraction rate Shoot biomass DW - Measurement Record dry weight of shoots. Aeneolamia varia egg number Plant AvariEN Aeneolamia varia egg number Number of Aeneolamia varia eggs. Plant Number of Aeneolamia reducta adults. Aeneolamia reducta adult number Aeneolamia reducta adult number AreduAN Number of Spittlebug eggs. Spittlebug egg number SpittleEN Spittlebug egg number Plant The plants tolerance to Aluminium. Aluminium tolerance AlTol Plant Aluminium tolerance The amount (weight) of leaves per unit area or plant. LBm Leaf Biomass Leaf biomass Crude Protein content BmCP Crude protein content of aboveground biomass. Crude protein content Aboveground biomass Observe the aluminium tolerance and rate it. Aluminium Tolerance - Estimation 1-5 Flower abundance scale PBm Dry weight - Measurement Cut plants and weigh to register fresh weight. Plant biomass Index Root length density measured by root scanning and image analysis using WinRhizo Software. Root length density - Measurement Observe waterlogging tolerance and rate it. Waterlogging tolerance - Estimation Chlorotic leaf Chlorotic leaf biomass Biomass The amount (weight) of chlorotic (yellow) leaves per unit area or plant. YLBm Number of Aeneolamia reducta eggs. Plant Aeneolamia reducta egg number Aeneolamia reducta egg number AreduEN The amount (weight) of stem per unit area or plant. Stem biomass Biomass Stem StmBm RBm The amount (weight) of root per unit area, volume or plant. Root Biomass Root biomass Spittlebug adult/plant Root water extraction rate - Measurement Calculate amount of water extracted during a period of time. Plant chlorosis - Estimation Observe plant chlorosis and rate it. Root mean diameter measured by root scanning and image analysis using WinRhizo Software. Root mean diameter - Measurement Measure leaf length and record it. Leaf length - Measurement SpittleAN Spittlebug adult number Plant Number of Spittlebug adults. Spittlebug adult number Plant aspect - Estimation Observe the aspect of plants per plot/entry and rate it. 1-10 Biomass scale Seed gross yield - Measurement Record the weight of harvested seed. Plant leafiness - Computing Use formula to calculate leaf weight to plant weight ratio. Leaf LLng Length of fully mature leaves from ligule to leaf tip (exclude flowering stems). Length Leaf length Plant Aeneolamia varia adult number Aeneolamia varia adult number AvariAN Number of Aeneolamia varia adults. FN Flower number Number Flower Number of flowers. QY units 1-5 Visual tolerance score Number of flowers. Flower Flower number Number FN Handheld Fluorometer - Measurement Standard method for chlorophyll fluorescent measurements using a handheld Fluorometer (Fluorpen). Aspect PA Plant aspect Plant aspect. Plant Plant ZcarbADmg Zulia carbonaria nymph damage Plant damage caused by nymphs of Zulia carbonaria (Spittlebug). Zulia carbonaria nymph damage flower/m2 1-4 Root vigor scale 1-3 Reproductive mode score cm/plant Green leaf area is quantified using area meter (Licor-3100). Area Meter - Measurement 1-4 Waterlogging tolerance scale Leaf width - Estimation Observe whether leaves are notably wide or narrow. Aeneolamia varia antibiosis Aeneolamia varia antibiosis Plant AvariAnti Plants antibiosis tolerance to Aeneolamia varia. Aboveground biomass In vitro dry matter digestibility In vitro dry matter digestibility In vitro dry matter digestibility of aboveground biomass. BmIVDMD Plant Diameter - Measurement Plant diameter is measured at the widest and most narrow point of the plant crown, and the average is recorded. g/cylinder/week Growth habit Plant Plant growth habit GH Growth habit as grade to which a plant is erect or prostrate. variable_of