3 41-60% damaged foliage moderately low biomass 5 CIAT Margaret Worthington BmIVDMD_NIR_pct fair 4 CIAT AvariNDmg_E_0to5 Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington CIAT PLP_C_pct acronym entity CIAT SpittleEN_Ct_EggPlnt Margaret Worthington CIAT SdNY_M_gplant Margaret Worthington 81-100% damaged foliage 5 very erect 5 RMDia_M_mm Margaret Worthington CIAT CIAT Margaret Worthington PPP_E_1to5 Margaret Worthington AreduEN_Ct_EggPlnt CIAT 21-40% damaged foliage 2 0 no symptoms observed CIAT LChl_M_CCI Margaret Worthington CIAT PsimuADmg_E_0to5 Margaret Worthington CIAT PGC_Img_cmPlnt Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington CIAT BmNDF_NIR_pct 5 very leafy AreduAN_Ct_AdultPlnt Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington PDia_M_cm CIAT Margaret Worthington ZcarbAnti_E_pct CIAT IVDMDNDF_NIR_pct Margaret Worthington CIAT Moderate M CIAT Margaret Worthington ZcarbADmg_E_0to5 CIAT LBm_DW_gPlnt Margaret Worthington Very high VH AvariAnti_E_pct Margaret Worthington CIAT CIAT BmADF_M_pct Margaret Worthington CIAT SdHvst_date_ymd Margaret Worthington N narrow no flowers 1 PBm_FW_gPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington R Resistant few flowers 2 Margaret Worthington PBm_DW_gPlnt CIAT PsimuAnti_E_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington susceptible 2 PLP_E_1to5 CIAT Margaret Worthington AlTol_C_idx Margaret Worthington CIAT CIAT Margaret Worthington BmCP_NIR_pct Margaret Worthington PsimuNDmg_E_0to5 CIAT very prostrate 1 CIAT Margaret Worthington GLBm_DW_gPlnt CIAT BmIVDMD_M_pct Margaret Worthington very poor (VP) 1 FillSdP_C_pct Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT ZcarbNDmg_E_0to5 2 prostrate ZcarbEN_Ct_EggPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington MR Moderately resistant 1 mild to moderate symptoms 7 moderately high biomass PsimuAN_Ct_AdultPlnt Margaret Worthington CIAT LWidLngR_C_pct Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington DrghtTol_E_1to5 CIAT Margaret Worthington RLD_M_cmcm3 CIAT CIAT IVDMDNDF_M_pct Margaret Worthington PH_M_cm CIAT Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington CIAT AreduAnti_E_pct CIAT AvariAN_Ct_AdultPlnt Margaret Worthington 5 very good (VG) 1 1-20% damaged foliage 4 low biomass CIAT Margaret Worthington PQY_M_num poor 2 Margaret Worthington CIAT ChoroticLBm_DW_gPlnt Margaret Worthington RV_E_1to4 CIAT RL_M_cmPlnt Margaret Worthington CIAT CIAT BmADF_NIR_pct Margaret Worthington good to very good 7 BmHvst_date_ymd Margaret Worthington CIAT 4 erect Margaret Worthington CIAT AreduNDmg_E_0to5 average biomass 6 RhizocSev_E_0to2 Margaret Worthington CIAT extremely high biomass 10 4 many flowers CIAT BmNDF_M_pct Margaret Worthington 5 selected as very promising CIAT Margaret Worthington RBm_M_gPlnt CIAT PBm_Img_idx Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington FN_Ct_fm2 CIAT 0 no detectable damage Margaret Worthington CIAT BmCP_M_pct Margaret Worthington CIAT LWid_M_cm CIAT PBm_E_1to10 Margaret Worthington very poor 1 4 tolerant CIAT Margaret Worthington StmBm_DW_gPlnt Margaret Worthington CIAT ShootBm_DW_gPlnt Margaret Worthington CIAT GLBp_C_pct H High Margaret Worthington CIAT AreduADmg_E_0to5 excellent 10 FN_E_1to5 Margaret Worthington CIAT Sensitive S Margaret Worthington ShootBm_FW_gPlnt CIAT CIAT Margaret Worthington SdGY_M_gplant 3 very low biomass medium growth habit 3 highly tolerant 5 T Tolerant poor (P) 2 extremely low biomass 2 very stemmy 1 Margaret Worthington ZcarbAN_Ct_AdultPlnt CIAT 2 culled ReprodM_E_1to3 CIAT Margaret Worthington 4 good (G) Margaret Worthington RhizocSev_E_0to5 CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT LWid_E_1to3 GH_E_1to5 Margaret Worthington CIAT RA_E_1to10 CIAT Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington POTP_M_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington PA_E_1to5 CIAT CIAT Margaret Worthington AvariEN_Ct_EggPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington AlTol_E_1to5 4 61-80% damaged foliage very good 8 3 intermediate W wide Margaret Worthington CIAT AvariADmg_E_0to5 CIAT PsimuEN_Ct_EggPlnt Margaret Worthington Very tolerant VT very many flowers 5 CIAT Margaret Worthington WaterExt_M_gCylWk 1 dead poor to fair 3 SpittleAN_Ct_AdultPlnt Margaret Worthington CIAT PChlorosis_E_0to2 Margaret Worthington CIAT 9 very high biomass SX sexual selected as promising 4 3 intermediate FA facultative apomictic Margaret Worthington WlgTol_C_idx CIAT 2 severe symptoms Margaret Worthington WlgTol_E_1to4 CIAT moderate flowers 3 attribute kept for future evaluation 3 AP apomictic fair (F) 3 Highly Resistant HR good 6 Brachiaria ontology M medium 2 stemmy 4 leafy L Low 9 very good to excellent no biomass 1 8 high biomass LLng_M_cm CIAT Margaret Worthington 1 highly susceptible Sensitive S Moderately resistant M CIAT GLA_M_cm2Plnt Margaret Worthington 5 fair to good VS Very sensitive Phenotypic performance - Estimation Observe plant phenotypic performance and rate it. Record dry weight of roots. Root biomass DW - Measurement Area Meter - Measurement Green leaf area is quantified using area meter (Licor-3100). POTP Proportion of off-types plants in a population. Proportion of off-types Plant Proportion of off-type Non destructive determination of plant ground cover by analysis of images captured with drone. PGC Image analysis - Measurement % 1-4 Root vigor scale Biomass StmBm Stem biomass Stem The amount (weight) of stem per unit area or plant. Count the number of Spittlebug eggs per plant. Spittlebug egg number - Counting LChl Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. Includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Leaf Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Uniformity of progeny, indicating that reproduction is sexual, apomictic, or facultative apomictic. Plant reproductive mode Plant Reproductive mode ReprodM Plant aspect Plant PA Aspect Plant aspect. Cut plants and weigh to register fresh weight. PBm Dry weight - Measurement Plants antibiosis tolerance to Aeneolamia varia. AvariAnti Aeneolamia varia antibiosis Plant Aeneolamia varia antibiosis Calculate antibiosis tolerance to Spittlebug as survival rate of nymphs or eggs that mature to final instar or adult stage. Spittlebug antibiosis - Computing Zulia carbonaria adult damage Plant Zulia carbonaria adult damage Plant damage caused by adults of Zulia carbonaria (Spittlebug). ZcarbADmg The amount (weight) of green leaves per unit area or plant. Green leaf GLBm Green leaf biomass Biomass Count the number of Spittlebug adult per plant. Spittlebug adult number - Counting Plant biomass Amount of aboveground plant biomass (leaves and stems). Biomass PBm Plant Biomass Leaf biomass Leaf The amount (weight) of leaves per unit area or plant. LBm Number of Spittlebug eggs. SpittleEN Spittlebug egg number Spittlebug egg number Plant PQY Leaf Photosynthetic†quantum yield. Photosynthetic efficiency Photosynthetic efficiency Follow standard chemical analysis for quality determination on different fraction of the biomass. Chemical Analysis - Measurement Spittlebug nymph damage - Estimation Observe plant damage caused by Splittlebug nymphs and record it. Zulia carbonaria egg number Zulia carbonaria egg number ZcarbEN Plant Number of Zulia carbonaria eggs. Aeneolamia varia egg number Plant Aeneolamia varia egg number Number of Aeneolamia varia eggs. AvariEN Width to length ratio LWidLngR Leaf Leaf width to length ratio Ratio of leaf width to length. In vitro dry matter digestibility of aboveground biomass. BmIVDMD Aboveground biomass In vitro dry matter digestibility In vitro dry matter digestibility Plant Spittlebug adult number Spittlebug adult number SpittleAN Number of Spittlebug adults. Leaf width to length ratio - Computing Compute leaf width to length ratio. Plant groundcover Projected area of the plant on the ground. PGC Groundcover Plant Root aspect Root RA Aspect Aspect of root system. Record date of biomass harvest. Biomass harvest date - Estimation Root Vigor Root vigor. RV Vigor Root Aluminium tolerance The plants tolerance to Aluminium. Aluminium tolerance AlTol Plant Length RL Root length. Root Root length Record dry weight of shoots. Shoot biomass DW - Measurement Use formula to calculate leaf weight to plant weight ratio. Plant leafiness - Computing WaterExt Water extraction rate Plant Water extraction rate Amount of water extracted in a period of time. Aboveground biomass Neutral detergent fiber content of aboveground biomass. Neutral Detergent Fiber BmNDF Neutral detergent fiber content Leaf width LWid Width Width of fully mature leaves at the widest part. Leaf PLP Leafiness Relative leafiness of a plant defined as how leafy a plant is. Plant leafiness Plant Root length density measured by root scanning and image analysis using WinRhizo Software. Root length density - Measurement ShootBm The amount (weight) of shoot per unit area or plant. Biomass Shoot Shoot biomass Chlorotic leaf biomass DW - Measurement Separate green leaves from stem and yellow leaves, use dryer at 60C for three days and weigh. Visual estimation of off-types plants in a population. Plant proportion off types - Estimation Proportion of filled seed over total seed. Filled seed proportion FillSdP Filled seed Proportion Leaf Length LLng Length of fully mature leaves from ligule to leaf tip (exclude flowering stems). Leaf length Flower number - Estimation Visual estimation of number of flowers. Green leaf Proportion green leaves per unit area or plant. Green Leaf Biomass proportion GLBp Proportion Number of Prosapia simulans eggs. Prosapia simulans egg number PsimuEN Plant Prosapia simulans egg number 1-5 Phenotypic evaluation scale 0-2 Symptoms general scale flower/m2 Plant diameter is measured at the widest and most narrow point of the plant crown, and the average is recorded. Plant Diameter - Measurement 1-5 General evaluation scale Spittlebug egg/plant Biomass Root RBm The amount (weight) of root per unit area, volume or plant. Root biomass cm 1-3 Reproductive mode score Seed gross yield Gross yield Seed SdGY The amount (weight) of total seed that was harvested per unit area or plant. Plant damage caused by nymphs of Zulia carbonaria (Spittlebug). Zulia carbonaria nymph damage Zulia carbonaria nymph damage ZcarbADmg Plant method_of Spittlebug adult/plant Observe the aluminium tolerance and rate it. Aluminium Tolerance - Estimation 1-4 Waterlogging tolerance scale Antibiosis tolerance on a plants to Zulia carbonaria. Plant Zulia carbonaria antibiosis Zulia carbonaria antibiosis ZcarbAnti Leaf width - Measurement Measure leaf width and record it. Number Number of flowers. FN Flower Flower number g/cylinder/week Use formula to calculate proportion of filled seed over total seed weight. Filled seed proportion - Computing Aeneolamia reducta adult damage Plant AreduADmg Aeneolamia reducta adult damage Plant damage caused by adults of Aeneolamia reducta (Spittlebug). Root mean diameter. Mean diameter RMDia Root mean diameter Root Date (yymmdd) Separate green leaves from stem and yellow leaves, use dryer at 60C for three days and weigh. Green leaf biomass DW - Measurement 1-5 Flower abundance scale Record dry weight after drying samples in a dryer at 60 C for 3-5 days. PBm Fresh weight - Measurement 0-5 Visual damage/severity score Plant Plant damage caused by nymphs of Aeneolamia reducta (Spittlebug). Aeneolamia reducta adult damage AreduADmg Aeneolamia reducta nymph damage Calculate amount of water extracted during a period of time. Root water extraction rate - Measurement Plant reproductive mode - Estimation Observe plant reproductive mode and rate it. Phenotypic performance Overall performance of the plant that indicates whether the material is to be culled, kept, or selected as promising for further evaluation or not. PPP Plant phenotypic performance Plant 1-5 Visual tolerance score Root mean diameter - Measurement Root mean diameter measured by root scanning and image analysis using WinRhizo Software. Aeneolamia varia nymph damage Plant damage caused by nymphs of Aeneolamia varia (Spittlebug). AvariADmg Plant Aeneolamia varia nymph damage Plant Rhizoctonia severity RhizocSev Disease severity on a plant caused by Rhizoctonia. Rhizoctonia severity Spittlebug adult damage - Estimation Observe plant damage caused by Splittlebug adults and record it. Waterlogging tolerance Waterlogging tolerance WlgTol Plant tolerance to waterlogging. Plant 1-10 Biomass scale Chlorotic leaf biomass YLBm Chlorotic leaf Biomass The amount (weight) of chlorotic (yellow) leaves per unit area or plant. Standard method for chlorophyll fluorescent measurements using a handheld Fluorometer (Fluorpen). Handheld Fluorometer - Measurement cm2/plant The amount (weight) of filled seed that was harvested per unit area or plant. SdNY Seed Net yield Seed net yield AreduAN Number of Aeneolamia reducta adults. Aeneolamia reducta adult number Plant Aeneolamia reducta adult number AvariAN Number of Aeneolamia varia adults. Aeneolamia varia adult number Aeneolamia varia adult number Plant g/plant Number of flowers. Flower Flower number FN Number mm Observe plant growth habit and rate it. Plant Growth habit - Estimation cm/plant QY units Root length - Measurement Root length measured by root scanning and image analysis using WinRhizo Software. Use formula to compute waterlogging tolerance index based on visual observation recorded before treatment and at harvest time. Waterlogging tolerance - Computing Plant biomass - Estimation Visual estimation of plant biomass. Plant height Height of the plant from the base to the top of the canopy (excluding inflorescences). Height Plant PH NIR spectroscopy - Measurement Follow standard near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method for quality determination on different fraction of the biomass. Measure leaf length and record it. Leaf length - Measurement Seed gross yield - Measurement Record the weight of harvested seed. Crude protein content of aboveground biomass. Crude protein content Crude Protein content Aboveground biomass BmCP Observe whether leaves are notably wide or narrow. Leaf width - Estimation Separate stem from leaves, use dryer at 60C for three days and weigh. Stem biomass DW - Measurement Acid detergent fiber content Acid detergent fiber content of aboveground biomass. Acid Detergent Fiber content BmADF Aboveground biomass Seed harvest time SdHvst Seed harvest time Seed harvest time. Plant PChlorosis Plant chlorosis Plant Chlorosis An assessment of chlorosis symptoms. Number of Zulia carbonaria adults. Zulia carbonaria adult number Zulia carbonaria adult number ZcarbAN Plant Prosapia simulans adult damage PsimuADmg Plant damage caused by adults of Prosapia simulans (Spittlebug). Plant Prosapia simulans adult damage PsimuAN Prosapia simulans adult number Number of Prosapia simulans adults. Prosapia simulans adult number Plant Drought tolerance DrghtTol Plant Drought tolerance The plant tolerance to drought stress. Plants antibiosis tolerance to Prosapia simulans. Prosapia simulans antibiosis Prosapia simulans antibiosis PsimuAnti Plant Number of Aeneolamia reducta eggs. AreduEN Aeneolamia reducta egg number Plant Aeneolamia reducta egg number Aeneolamia varia adult damage Plant Plant damage caused by adults of Aeneolamia varia (Spittlebug). Aeneolamia varia adult damage AvariADmg variable_of Seed net yield - Measurement Clean harvested seed by removing not filled seeds and record the weight. cm/cm3 IVDMDNDF Neutral detergent fiber content In vitro dry matter digestibility of aboveground biomass neutral detergent fiber fraction. In vitro dry matter digestibility In vitro dry matter digestibility of neutral detergent fiber fraction Aluminium Tolerance Index - Computing Use formula to calculate Aluminium tolerance index. Entries with indices above 1 are more resistant than the average genotype in the experiment and entries with indices less than 1 have below average tolerance. Observe waterlogging tolerance and rate it. Waterlogging tolerance - Estimation Plant chlorosis - Estimation Observe plant chlorosis and rate it. Record date of seed harvest. Seed harvest date - Estimation Plant Rhizoctonia severity - Estimation Observe relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by Rhizoctonia and record it. Often severity is represented as a proportion or percentage of plant surface affected. The plant diameter. PDia Diameter Plant Plant diameter Biomass drone method - Estimation Non destructive determination of plant biomass by analysis of images captured with a drone. Shoot biomass FW - Measurement Record shoot weight in fresh weight basis. Prosapia simulans nymph damage Prosapia simulans nymph damage PsimuADmg Plant damage caused by nymphs of Prosapia simulans (Spittlebug). Plant Drought tolerance - Estimation Observe plant drought tolerance and rate it. Aeneolamia reducta antibiosis Plants antibiosis tolerance to Aeneolamia reducta. Aeneolamia reducta antibiosis Plant AreduAnti Measure plant height and record it. Plant Height - Measurement Waterlogging tolerance Index Aluminium tolerance Index Plant biomass Index Biomass harvest time. Biomass harvest time BmHvst Plant Biomass harvest time 1-5 Aluminium tolerance scale Root length density Root RLD Length density Root length density. Growth habit as grade to which a plant is erect or prostrate. Plant Plant growth habit GH Growth habit Proportion Green Biomass - Computing Use formula to calculate proportion of green leaves Observe the root vigor and rate it. Root Vigor -Estimation Observe plants leafiness and rate it. Plant leafiness - Estimation Root aspect - Estimation Observe the aspect of root aspect and rate it. 1-5 Growth habit scale scale_of Compute leaf biomass using the formula. Leaf biomass DW - Computing CCI Plant aspect - Estimation Observe the aspect of plants per plot/entry and rate it. GLA Green leaf area Green leaf area. Area Green leaf Count flowers in a sampling quadrat. Flower number - Counting 1-3 Leaf width score The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ?chlorophyll concentration index? (CCI, ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on selected/marked leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles. Handheld Chlorophyll meter - Measurement 1-5 Plant leafiness scale 1-10 General aspect score