S Sensitive AreduNDmg_E_0to5 CIAT Margaret Worthington PLP_C_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington AreduAN_Ct_AdultPlnt CIAT CIAT PGC_Img_cmPlnt Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington RhizocSev_E_0to2 CIAT 3 very low biomass 0 no detectable damage Margaret Worthington RL_M_cmPlnt CIAT 10 extremely high biomass PQY_M_num CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT AlTol_C_idx Margaret Worthington RMDia_M_mm CIAT Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington PChlorosis_E_0to2 CIAT Margaret Worthington AvariADmg_E_0to5 CIAT low biomass 4 CIAT Margaret Worthington LChl_M_CCI CIAT RA_E_1to10 Margaret Worthington no flowers 1 3 intermediate Margaret Worthington BmADF_M_pct CIAT stemmy 2 GH_E_1to5 CIAT Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington GLBm_DW_gPlnt CIAT ShootBm_FW_gPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington 4 fair leafy 4 Margaret Worthington ChoroticLBm_DW_gPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington BmNDF_NIR_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington PsimuAN_Ct_AdultPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT RV_E_1to4 CIAT ShootBm_DW_gPlnt Margaret Worthington BmNDF_M_pct Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington GLA_M_cm2Plnt CIAT CIAT Margaret Worthington WaterExt_M_gCylWk mild to moderate symptoms 1 Margaret Worthington RhizocSev_E_0to5 CIAT CIAT Margaret Worthington ReprodM_E_1to3 Margaret Worthington CIAT FN_Ct_fm2 9 very good to excellent CIAT Margaret Worthington PsimuADmg_E_0to5 CIAT FillSdP_C_pct Margaret Worthington kept for future evaluation 3 Margaret Worthington CIAT GLBp_C_pct CIAT ZcarbNDmg_E_0to5 Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington LBm_DW_gPlnt CIAT PsimuEN_Ct_EggPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT PsimuAnti_E_pct Margaret Worthington poor (P) 2 CIAT SdHvst_date_ymd Margaret Worthington AvariNDmg_E_0to5 Margaret Worthington CIAT POTP_M_pct Margaret Worthington CIAT Margaret Worthington StmBm_DW_gPlnt CIAT PA_E_1to5 Margaret Worthington CIAT poor to fair 3 MR Moderately resistant CIAT SdGY_M_gplant Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington AreduAnti_E_pct CIAT extremely low biomass 2 CIAT Margaret Worthington BmCP_M_pct PBm_E_1to10 Margaret Worthington CIAT CIAT ZcarbEN_Ct_EggPlnt Margaret Worthington PH_M_cm CIAT Margaret Worthington H High BmIVDMD_NIR_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington CIAT LWid_M_cm SX sexual 5 very many flowers CIAT RBm_M_gPlnt Margaret Worthington BmHvst_date_ymd Margaret Worthington CIAT few flowers 2 good (G) 4 ZcarbADmg_E_0to5 Margaret Worthington CIAT susceptible 2 SpittleAN_Ct_AdultPlnt Margaret Worthington CIAT average biomass 6 Very sensitive VS S Sensitive Margaret Worthington SdNY_M_gplant CIAT Margaret Worthington IVDMDNDF_M_pct CIAT 41-60% damaged foliage 3 1 dead tolerant 4 Margaret Worthington AlTol_E_1to5 CIAT Margaret Worthington LWid_E_1to3 CIAT selected as very promising 5 Margaret Worthington CIAT AreduEN_Ct_EggPlnt ZcarbAN_Ct_AdultPlnt Margaret Worthington CIAT 1 no biomass poor 2 Brachiaria ontology BmCP_NIR_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT PDia_M_cm Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington RLD_M_cmcm3 CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT BmADF_NIR_pct Margaret Worthington IVDMDNDF_NIR_pct CIAT 3 fair (F) 1 very poor apomictic AP M medium 1 very poor (VP) 6 good very high biomass 9 M Moderately resistant LWidLngR_C_pct CIAT Margaret Worthington PBm_DW_gPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington PBm_FW_gPlnt CIAT 0 no symptoms observed Margaret Worthington PsimuNDmg_E_0to5 CIAT 81-100% damaged foliage 5 CIAT BmIVDMD_M_pct Margaret Worthington 3 moderate flowers Margaret Worthington WlgTol_C_idx CIAT Margaret Worthington CIAT AvariAN_Ct_AdultPlnt PBm_Img_idx CIAT Margaret Worthington R Resistant Margaret Worthington CIAT WlgTol_E_1to4 CIAT AreduADmg_E_0to5 Margaret Worthington 5 moderately low biomass CIAT ZcarbAnti_E_pct Margaret Worthington 1 1-20% damaged foliage Margaret Worthington FN_E_1to5 CIAT Very tolerant VT SpittleEN_Ct_EggPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington Margaret Worthington AvariAnti_E_pct CIAT facultative apomictic FA Margaret Worthington LLng_M_cm CIAT DrghtTol_E_1to5 CIAT Margaret Worthington 61-80% damaged foliage 4 1 very stemmy wide W 3 intermediate N narrow 8 very good entity very erect 5 fair to good 5 21-40% damaged foliage 2 moderately high biomass 7 Margaret Worthington PLP_E_1to5 CIAT 8 high biomass selected as promising 4 Margaret Worthington CIAT PPP_E_1to5 Moderate M very leafy 5 erect 4 Very high VH AvariEN_Ct_EggPlnt CIAT Margaret Worthington highly tolerant 5 medium growth habit 3 10 excellent 2 severe symptoms prostrate 2 Highly Resistant HR very prostrate 1 4 many flowers 7 good to very good L Low acronym Tolerant T highly susceptible 1 5 very good (VG) 2 culled attribute The plants tolerance to Aluminium. Aluminium tolerance AlTol Aluminium tolerance Plant Flower number - Counting Count flowers in a sampling quadrat. Root mean diameter RMDia Root mean diameter. Mean diameter Root Green leaf biomass DW - Measurement Separate green leaves from stem and yellow leaves, use dryer at 60C for three days and weigh. Observe plant chlorosis and rate it. Plant chlorosis - Estimation Spittlebug adult/plant 1-5 General evaluation scale Leaf biomass Leaf Biomass LBm The amount (weight) of leaves per unit area or plant. 1-10 Biomass scale PQY Photosynthetic efficiency Photosynthetic efficiency Photosynthetic†quantum yield. Leaf Plant leafiness PLP Leafiness Plant Relative leafiness of a plant defined as how leafy a plant is. 0-2 Symptoms general scale 1-5 Visual tolerance score Aeneolamia varia antibiosis Plants antibiosis tolerance to Aeneolamia varia. AvariAnti Plant Aeneolamia varia antibiosis Date (yymmdd) Cut plants and weigh to register fresh weight. PBm Dry weight - Measurement NIR spectroscopy - Measurement Follow standard near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method for quality determination on different fraction of the biomass. Compute leaf width to length ratio. Leaf width to length ratio - Computing Plant Diameter Plant diameter The plant diameter. PDia Plant Aeneolamia varia nymph damage AvariADmg Plant damage caused by nymphs of Aeneolamia varia (Spittlebug). Aeneolamia varia nymph damage Proportion Green leaf Green Leaf Biomass proportion Proportion green leaves per unit area or plant. GLBp Seed net yield - Measurement Clean harvested seed by removing not filled seeds and record the weight. Spittlebug adult number - Counting Count the number of Spittlebug adult per plant. Phenotypic performance - Estimation Observe plant phenotypic performance and rate it. 1-5 Flower abundance scale BmIVDMD In vitro dry matter digestibility In vitro dry matter digestibility Aboveground biomass In vitro dry matter digestibility of aboveground biomass. Aeneolamia varia adult number Plant AvariAN Number of Aeneolamia varia adults. Aeneolamia varia adult number The plant tolerance to drought stress. Drought tolerance DrghtTol Drought tolerance Plant Waterlogging tolerance Index Follow standard chemical analysis for quality determination on different fraction of the biomass. Chemical Analysis - Measurement Height Plant PH Height of the plant from the base to the top of the canopy (excluding inflorescences). Plant height SdGY Gross yield Seed Seed gross yield The amount (weight) of total seed that was harvested per unit area or plant. ShootBm Biomass The amount (weight) of shoot per unit area or plant. Shoot Shoot biomass QY units Root length density - Measurement Root length density measured by root scanning and image analysis using WinRhizo Software. Plant aspect - Estimation Observe the aspect of plants per plot/entry and rate it. Length of fully mature leaves from ligule to leaf tip (exclude flowering stems). LLng Leaf Leaf length Length Flower FN Number Flower number Number of flowers. % Root length measured by root scanning and image analysis using WinRhizo Software. Root length - Measurement Plant Diameter - Measurement Plant diameter is measured at the widest and most narrow point of the plant crown, and the average is recorded. Biomass RBm The amount (weight) of root per unit area, volume or plant. Root biomass Root Plant Plant damage caused by adults of Aeneolamia reducta (Spittlebug). AreduADmg Aeneolamia reducta adult damage Aeneolamia reducta adult damage Leaf Leaf width to length ratio LWidLngR Ratio of leaf width to length. Width to length ratio Compute leaf biomass using the formula. Leaf biomass DW - Computing cm Overall performance of the plant that indicates whether the material is to be culled, kept, or selected as promising for further evaluation or not. Phenotypic performance Plant Plant phenotypic performance PPP cm2/plant Plant Aeneolamia reducta adult number AreduAN Aeneolamia reducta adult number Number of Aeneolamia reducta adults. g/plant Plant aspect. Plant aspect Aspect PA Plant variable_of Biomass Chlorotic leaf biomass Chlorotic leaf The amount (weight) of chlorotic (yellow) leaves per unit area or plant. YLBm SdNY Seed Seed net yield The amount (weight) of filled seed that was harvested per unit area or plant. Net yield In vitro dry matter digestibility Neutral detergent fiber content In vitro dry matter digestibility of neutral detergent fiber fraction In vitro dry matter digestibility of aboveground biomass neutral detergent fiber fraction. IVDMDNDF Root Root length Root length. Length RL GLA Green leaf Area Green leaf area Green leaf area. Aluminium Tolerance - Estimation Observe the aluminium tolerance and rate it. Calculate amount of water extracted during a period of time. Root water extraction rate - Measurement Zulia carbonaria egg number ZcarbEN Plant Number of Zulia carbonaria eggs. Zulia carbonaria egg number 1-4 Root vigor scale mm 0-5 Visual damage/severity score Calculate antibiosis tolerance to Spittlebug as survival rate of nymphs or eggs that mature to final instar or adult stage. Spittlebug antibiosis - Computing 1-5 Phenotypic evaluation scale RLD Root length density. Length density Root length density Root Observe waterlogging tolerance and rate it. Waterlogging tolerance - Estimation Root Aspect of root system. Root aspect RA Aspect The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ?chlorophyll concentration index? (CCI, ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on selected/marked leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles. Handheld Chlorophyll meter - Measurement Leaf width - Estimation Observe whether leaves are notably wide or narrow. Biomass Stem biomass StmBm Stem The amount (weight) of stem per unit area or plant. Count the number of Spittlebug eggs per plant. Spittlebug egg number - Counting Biomass harvest date - Estimation Record date of biomass harvest. Area Meter - Measurement Green leaf area is quantified using area meter (Licor-3100). Spittlebug egg/plant The amount (weight) of green leaves per unit area or plant. GLBm Biomass Green leaf Green leaf biomass PsimuAnti Plants antibiosis tolerance to Prosapia simulans. Plant Prosapia simulans antibiosis Prosapia simulans antibiosis Aeneolamia reducta egg number AreduEN Aeneolamia reducta egg number Number of Aeneolamia reducta eggs. Plant Filled seed proportion FillSdP Proportion Proportion of filled seed over total seed. Filled seed Amount of aboveground plant biomass (leaves and stems). Plant Biomass Plant biomass PBm Waterlogging tolerance - Computing Use formula to compute waterlogging tolerance index based on visual observation recorded before treatment and at harvest time. ZcarbAN Number of Zulia carbonaria adults. Plant Zulia carbonaria adult number Zulia carbonaria adult number GH Plant growth habit Growth habit as grade to which a plant is erect or prostrate. Growth habit Plant cm/cm3 Plant damage caused by nymphs of Aeneolamia reducta (Spittlebug). Aeneolamia reducta nymph damage Aeneolamia reducta adult damage Plant AreduADmg Seed gross yield - Measurement Record the weight of harvested seed. LWid Width Leaf width Leaf Width of fully mature leaves at the widest part. g/cylinder/week Shoot biomass FW - Measurement Record shoot weight in fresh weight basis. Root mean diameter measured by root scanning and image analysis using WinRhizo Software. Root mean diameter - Measurement Use formula to calculate proportion of green leaves Proportion Green Biomass - Computing flower/m2 Observe the root vigor and rate it. Root Vigor -Estimation Visual estimation of plant biomass. Plant biomass - Estimation Chlorotic leaf biomass DW - Measurement Separate green leaves from stem and yellow leaves, use dryer at 60C for three days and weigh. AvariEN Aeneolamia varia egg number Plant Aeneolamia varia egg number Number of Aeneolamia varia eggs. Plant Proportion of off-types POTP Proportion of off-types plants in a population. Proportion of off-type Seed harvest time. Seed harvest time Seed harvest time SdHvst Plant Spittlebug nymph damage - Estimation Observe plant damage caused by Splittlebug nymphs and record it. Root vigor. Root RV Vigor Root Vigor Zulia carbonaria antibiosis Antibiosis tolerance on a plants to Zulia carbonaria. Plant ZcarbAnti Zulia carbonaria antibiosis Drought tolerance - Estimation Observe plant drought tolerance and rate it. Plant biomass Index Plant AvariADmg Aeneolamia varia adult damage Aeneolamia varia adult damage Plant damage caused by adults of Aeneolamia varia (Spittlebug). Measure plant height and record it. Plant Height - Measurement Acid detergent fiber content BmADF Aboveground biomass Acid Detergent Fiber content Acid detergent fiber content of aboveground biomass. Zulia carbonaria adult damage Zulia carbonaria adult damage ZcarbADmg Plant Plant damage caused by adults of Zulia carbonaria (Spittlebug). BmNDF Aboveground biomass Neutral Detergent Fiber Neutral detergent fiber content of aboveground biomass. Neutral detergent fiber content 1-3 Leaf width score Use formula to calculate Aluminium tolerance index. Entries with indices above 1 are more resistant than the average genotype in the experiment and entries with indices less than 1 have below average tolerance. Aluminium Tolerance Index - Computing Record dry weight of roots. Root biomass DW - Measurement Plant Biomass harvest time. Biomass harvest time Biomass harvest time BmHvst Plant Prosapia simulans nymph damage Plant damage caused by nymphs of Prosapia simulans (Spittlebug). PsimuADmg Prosapia simulans nymph damage Projected area of the plant on the ground. Plant PGC Plant groundcover Groundcover Observe plant growth habit and rate it. Plant Growth habit - Estimation PGC Image analysis - Measurement Non destructive determination of plant ground cover by analysis of images captured with drone. Plant Amount of water extracted in a period of time. Water extraction rate WaterExt Water extraction rate Spittlebug adult number Spittlebug adult number Plant SpittleAN Number of Spittlebug adults. Prosapia simulans adult damage Prosapia simulans adult damage Plant Plant damage caused by adults of Prosapia simulans (Spittlebug). PsimuADmg Plant Rhizoctonia severity - Estimation Observe relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by Rhizoctonia and record it. Often severity is represented as a proportion or percentage of plant surface affected. cm/plant PBm Fresh weight - Measurement Record dry weight after drying samples in a dryer at 60 C for 3-5 days. Separate stem from leaves, use dryer at 60C for three days and weigh. Stem biomass DW - Measurement Measure leaf width and record it. Leaf width - Measurement 1-5 Aluminium tolerance scale Non destructive determination of plant biomass by analysis of images captured with a drone. Biomass drone method - Estimation Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Leaf Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. Includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. LChl ZcarbADmg Plant Zulia carbonaria nymph damage Plant damage caused by nymphs of Zulia carbonaria (Spittlebug). Zulia carbonaria nymph damage Plant Uniformity of progeny, indicating that reproduction is sexual, apomictic, or facultative apomictic. Reproductive mode Plant reproductive mode ReprodM 1-5 Plant leafiness scale Record date of seed harvest. Seed harvest date - Estimation 1-5 Growth habit scale Observe plant damage caused by Splittlebug adults and record it. Spittlebug adult damage - Estimation Plant leafiness - Computing Use formula to calculate leaf weight to plant weight ratio. PsimuEN Plant Prosapia simulans egg number Number of Prosapia simulans eggs. Prosapia simulans egg number WlgTol Plant Waterlogging tolerance Waterlogging tolerance Plant tolerance to waterlogging. Measure leaf length and record it. Leaf length - Measurement Use formula to calculate proportion of filled seed over total seed weight. Filled seed proportion - Computing Record dry weight of shoots. Shoot biomass DW - Measurement Crude protein content of aboveground biomass. Crude Protein content BmCP Aboveground biomass Crude protein content 1-4 Waterlogging tolerance scale Standard method for chlorophyll fluorescent measurements using a handheld Fluorometer (Fluorpen). Handheld Fluorometer - Measurement AreduAnti Aeneolamia reducta antibiosis Aeneolamia reducta antibiosis Plant Plants antibiosis tolerance to Aeneolamia reducta. Flower Flower number Number of flowers. Number FN Root aspect - Estimation Observe the aspect of root aspect and rate it. Plant proportion off types - Estimation Visual estimation of off-types plants in a population. 1-3 Reproductive mode score Spittlebug egg number Spittlebug egg number Plant Number of Spittlebug eggs. SpittleEN Observe plant reproductive mode and rate it. Plant reproductive mode - Estimation Plant An assessment of chlorosis symptoms. Plant chlorosis PChlorosis Chlorosis PsimuAN Prosapia simulans adult number Number of Prosapia simulans adults. Plant Prosapia simulans adult number Observe plants leafiness and rate it. Plant leafiness - Estimation method_of 1-10 General aspect score scale_of Plant Disease severity on a plant caused by Rhizoctonia. RhizocSev Rhizoctonia severity Rhizoctonia severity Flower number - Estimation Visual estimation of number of flowers. CCI Aluminium tolerance Index