Small size tuber length computation in cm A.Amele IITA Pollinated spikes counting A. Lopez-Montes NPOLS IITA Emerday First sprout emergence time computation in days A.Amele IITA IITA virus severity estimation in 1-5 VRSS A. Lopez-Montes A.Amele IITA Total tubers per plot computation A. Lopez-Montes IITA M_Bi Mealybug incidence computation % D.Cornet Senescence period duration computation in days between 5 and 95% senescence Cirad A.Amele IITA GH Plant type estimation 1-3 INODL Internode length computation in cm A.Amele IITA Total tuber yield computation in t/ha A.Amele TubYld IITA D.Cornet Cirad Heterophylly presence estimation nominal 0&1 0 No fibers A. Lopez-Montes IITA Stickiness estimation 1-3 Con_Stick_PY Boiled yam granuleness 0-100 Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Average tuber weight computation in kg A.Amele IITA Leaf apex shape estimation 1-3 A.Amele IITA A.Amele IITA Maturity time estimation GGD Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam brownness scale 0-100 A.Amele IITA Flesh oxidation color estimation 1-4 Stem color estimatiion 1-5 A.Amele IITA D.Cornet Cirad Starch grain size computation IITA Tuber flesh color middle portion estimation 1-9 Flcolr_middle A. Lopez-Montes 50% sprout emergence time estimation in yy/mm/dd DtFemer A.Amele IITA IITA Petiole length measurement in cm A.Amele A. Lopez-Montes Big tuber yield computation in t/ha IITA Number of leaves per plant count A.Amele IITA Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam hardness scale 0-100 Profuse (plant producing many more flowers mostly 30 to 50 inflorescences per plant) 7 A. Lopez-Montes IITA Dayflrin Fower initiation time computation in days A. Lopez-Montes Thorn IITA Tuber thorniness estimation 0&1 Leaf beetle damage severity estimation in 1-5 Btl_S A. Lopez-Montes IITA D.Cornet Cirad Number of nodes carrying cataphylles before first true leaf counting/plant Boiled yam chewingness scale 0-100 Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam sweetness 0-100 Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin IITA Color_BY A.mele Boiled yam color estimation 1-5 scale 100 Present Bowen University, Nigeria Bolanle Otegbayo Pounded yam mouldability scale 0-10 YamMoul_Meas_0to10 A.Amele IITA Young leaf color estimation 1-5 Stbrwidth Small tuber width computation in cm A.Amele IITA 1 dislikeextremely A.Amele IITA Smoothness estimation 1-3 Polldate Crossing date esimation in yy/mm/dd A.Amele IITA Bolanle Otegbayo Bowen University, Nigeria Pounded yam hardness scale 0-10 YamHar_Meas_0to10 A.Amele IITA First inflorescence initiation time estimation in yy/mm/dd Fruit index computation 0 to 1 A.Amele IITA A.Amele IITA Cohesiveness estimation 1-3 Color_PY IITA pounded yam color estimation 1-5 scale A.mele plntsex flrsex Plant sex estimation 0-4 A.Amele IITA A. Lopez-Montes IITA Dry matter content percentage TDMC End of flowering time computation in days A. Lopez-Montes Dayendflr IITA A.Amele Corm type estimation 1-3 Cormtype IITA Oxid Tuber oxidation estimation 1-3 A.Amele IITA A. Lopez-Montes IITA Bulbil initiation time estimation in yy/mm/dd Aetbrin No_stdh A. Lopez-Montes IITA Plant stand harvested count DAEGR End of seeds germination time estiamtion in yy/mm/dd A.Amele IITA Tuber dormancy period estimation A. Lopez-Montes Dorm IITA 100 Bitter End of flowering time estimation in yy/mm/dd A. Lopez-Montes DtendFlr IITA Btbrwt A.Amele IITA Weight of big tubers per plot measurement in kg A.Amele IITA Small tubers per plot counting number DATS IITA A.Amele Time to 50% foliage senescence estimation in yy/mm/dd Big tuber length computation in cm A.Amele IITA Tubers planted counting/plot A.Amele IITA Sett-N Bowen University, Nigeria Bolanle Otegbayo YamCol_Meas_1to9 Pounded yam colour scale 1-9 yam anthracnose disease incidence computation % A. Lopez-Montes IITA AnthracInc IITA Fruits developed per cross counting FrtN A. Lopez-Montes No symptoms 0 Off-white 2 Presence of tuber dry rot estimation in 0&1 A.Amele IITA A.Amele IITA Leaf density estimation 1-7 Yam ontology like extremely 5 Cylindrical 3 IITA Boiled yam appearance estimation 1-5 scale A.mele Appearance_BY Absent 0 Intensity of tuber flesh oxidation estimation 0-3 A.Amele IITA Flcolr_head A. Lopez-Montes IITA Tuber flesh color upper portion estimation 1-9 A. Amele Twining direction estimation 1-2 IITA Foliage senescence time computation in days A. Lopez-Montes IITA DAYHS Medium stretchability 5 A.Amele IITA Weight of small tubers per plot measurement in kg Stbrwt A.Amele IITA Total tuber weight per plant computation in kg Matfrt Fruits harvested per cross counting A. Lopez-Montes IITA Time to 50% foliage senescence computation in days IITA A.Amele DM Weight of big tubers per plant measurement in kg MTWPL A.Amele IITA Medium size tuber length computation in cm A.Amele IITA Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam fibrousness scale 0-100 0 Low Mature leaf color estimation 1-5 A.Amele IITA Estbp-N A.Amele IITA Established plants counting/plot 2 Many MatC Senescence class estimation 1-9 A.Amele IITA 3 Thorny (small prominences ending in a small thorn) A.Amele Big tuber width computation in cm IITA Btbrwidth A. Lopez-Montes Taste estimation 1-5 IITA Con_Taste_PY Total tubers per plant computation A.Amele IITA A.Amele IITA Sprout hairiness estimation nominal 0&2 IITA Leaf beetle damage incidence computation % A. Lopez-Montes Btl_I 100 Difficult to cut 0 absence 3 Neither like nor dislike Medium tuber width computation in cm A.Amele IITA Mtbrwidth True seeds harvested/cross counting Botseed A.Amele IITA A.Amele IITA Aetubwtp Bulbil weight per plot measurement in kg A.Amele IITA yam starch breakdown RVT Boiled yam taste estimation 1-5 scale IITA Taste_BY A.mele A.Amele IITA Big tuber average weight computation in kg A.Amele IITA Internode length measurement in cm Big tuber yield adjusted computation in t/ha A.Amele IITA A. Lopez-Montes SPCOLO IITA Sprout color estimation 1-5 Upper surface leaf hairiness estimation 0-2 A.Amele IITA Average tuber width computation in cm A.Amele IITA tbrwidth 4 Monoecious female(f>m) A.Amele IITA Weight medium tubers per plot measurement in kg Mtbrwt A.Amele IITA Corm estimation binary 0&1 D.Cornet Tuber flesh color computation Cirad Emerdt A.Amele IITA First sprout emergence time estimation in yy/mm/dd Upper surface vein color estimation 1-4 A.Amele IITA A.Amele IITA DAFGR Seeds germination start time estimation in yy/mm/dd 4 like 3 Dark green DtFlrin A. Lopez-Montes IITA Flower initiation time estimation in yy/mm/dd A. Lopez-Montes FRTINT IITA Fruit set number estimation 1-3 A.Amele IITA Cormsize Corm size estimation 1-3 3 Grey 100 Sweet A.Amele IITA Root position estimation 1-4 IITA NRDT Rotten tubers per plot counting number A.Amele Latency period duration computation in number of days from planting to 5% sprouts emergence D.Cornet Cirad A.Amele IITA TBRL Average tuber length measurement in cm Big tubers per plot counting number A.Amele IITA Bowen University, Nigeria Pounded yam stickness scale 0-10 Bolanle Otegbayo YamStic_Meas_0to10 A.mele Pounded yam appearance estimation 1-3 scale IITA Appearance_PY A.Amele IITA Leaf shape estimation 1-7 Vine cutting establishment rate percentage A.Amele IITA Sticky 100 2 oxidizes between 1 and 2 minure after cutting Cirad Growth cycle length computation in days between 5% emergence and 95% senescence D.Cornet A.Amele IITA Stem height measurement in m Times to fruit maturity computation in days DFM A.Amele IITA A. Lopez-Montes Flcolr_tail IITA Tuber flesh color lower portion estimation 1-9 Oval 2 100 High 5 Severe necrosis and death of the plant. Coalesced spots with dry tissue more than 1.5 cm of diameter and covering a great proprotion of the leaf surface. Yellowing of the gree tissue is generalised in the leaf blade. Tuber beetle severity estimation in 1-5 Tbets A. Lopez-Montes IITA D.Cornet Cirad Tuber flesh whiteness computation Yellowish 1 TUBSHA Tuber shape estimation 1-4 A. Lopez-Montes IITA Extremely pofuse (plant producing with abundant flowring mostly more than 50 inflorescences per plant) 9 0 No brown 1 not attractive Rough 1 Not mooldable 0 A.Amele Time to first leaf emergence computation IITA Medium stickiness 5 SECSP A.Amele IITA Secondary sprouting estimation nominal 0&1 A. Lopez-Montes AeTuber IITA Bulbil presence estimation 0&1 Boiled yam purpleness scale 0-100 Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam aroma estimation 1-5 scale IITA Aroma_BY A.mele IITA Aroma_PY pounded yam aroma estimation 1-5 scale A.mele Stem hairiness estimation 0-2 A.Amele IITA Weight of planted tubers computation/ gm A. Lopez-Montes SETW IITA Shape of bulbil estimation 1-4 Aetbrshap A.Amele IITA A.Amele IITA flcol_uni Uniformity of tuber flesh color estimation binary 0&1 Total tuber weight per plot computation in kg A.Amele IITA like extremely 5 A.Amele IITA Weight of medium tubers per plant computation kgplt Separability of corm estimation binary 0&1 A.Amele IITA cormsep 1 1-25% tuber skin showing symptoms A.Amele IITA Spines on sprout presence estimation nominal 0&1 A. Lopez-Montes IITA sder Seedling establishment rate percentage A.Amele IITA Weight of small tuber per plant computation kgplant IITA Seeds set/fruit computation A. Lopez-Montes Field establishment rate compuation in % Estbp-ratio A.Amele IITA 3 Late (75% of the plants in a plot with still green foliage but few plants (upto 25% plants in a plot) showing up to 25% of leaves senescence 10 Mouldable A.Amele IITA SPRTL Sprout length measurement in cm Foliage senescence time estimation in yy/mm/dd DateHS IITA A.Amele A.Amele Medium tubers per plot counting number IITA Not sticky 3 Boiled yam stickness scale 0-100 Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Seed germination rate percentage A. Lopez-Montes IITA GR FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam odour scale 0-100 Laurent Adinsi 5 Purplish white 7 early (The plants have senescent foliage (75% of the plants in a plot with 50% leaves showing sign of yellowing but the vines still green) Symptom on >51% of the plant. Coalesced spots with dry tissue and covering a signifcant proprotion of the leaf surface. Areas with less than 1 cm width are coalescing to bigger spots also. Yellowing of green tissue is intense around the spots areas. 4 no thorns or spines on tuber surface 0 A.Amele IITA Tuber flesh texture estimation 1-3 Low 3 Boiled yam crumbness scale 0-100 Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Tuber flour protein content computation D.Cornet Cirad IITA Boiled yam texture estimation 1-5 scale Txt_BY A.mele D.Cornet Cirad Tuber flour starch content computation Flowering time estimation in yy/mm/dd DtFFlr IITA A.Amele 1 strong or hard or lumpy D.Cornet Cirad Crop cover compactness computation A. Lopez-Montes IITA Tuber beetle incidence computation % Tbeti Pounded yam stretchability scale 0-10 Bowen University, Nigeria YamStr_Meas_0to10 Bolanle Otegbayo Seed index computation 0 to 1 A.Amele IITA A. Lopez-Montes TBR_Hairy IITA Hairiness of tuber estimation 1-3 100 Present 100 Brown Bulbils per plant computation A.Amele IITA Aetbrpl 0 Not granular 5 Cream Cirad Duration of heterophyllic period computation in days after planting D.Cornet Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam bitter after taste 0-100 D.Cornet Cirad Maximum ground cover computation in % Canopy architecture estimation 1-4 Canopy A. Lopez-Montes IITA A.Amele IITA fflrab Female flowering intensity per spike estimation 1-4 1 Present Cirad Emergence vigor computation in number of days between 5% and 95% sprouts emergence D.Cornet 1 White Tuber flour sugar content computation D.Cornet Cirad Pollmech A.Amele Pollination type estimation 1-4 IITA Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam black spots presence scale 0-100 A.mele Txt_PY IITA Pounded yam texture estimation 1-3 scale A.Amele IITA TWNH Twining habit estimation 0-1 like 4 Tuber flesh color measurement Tbrflcolr A.Amele IITA IITA Tuber dry rot incidence computation in % S_Bri A. Lopez-Montes 7 Yellow Flowering intensity estimation 0-9 FLRI A. Lopez-Montes IITA 2 Slightly bitter Granular 100 A.Amele IITA Lower surface vein color estimation 1-4 Easy to cut 0 1 aborted flower. Presence of small or rudimentary inflorescences/flowers that can show an abortion or abscission point at joint of the pedicel Dayaetbrin A.Amele IITA Times to bulbil initiation computation Medium tubers per plant computation A.Amele IITA Very stretchable 10 dislikeextremely 1 stemdim Stem diameter computation in mm A.Amele IITA 0 no oxidization A.Amele IITA Number of internodes to first branching computation/plot 0 Not streachable creamy 6 100 Fibers Lower surface leaf hairiness estimation 0-2 A.Amele IITA A.Amele IITA Seeds sown/family counting Not crumby 0 100 Crumby Pure white 100 Seedling survival rate percentage A.Amele IITA Smooth 1 Inflorescence type estimation A.Amele IITA Medium mouldability 5 AetbrYld A. Lopez-Montes IITA Bulbil yield estimation in t/ha Springness estimation 1-2 Strepdym A.Amele IITA Senescence earliness computation in days from median emergence to 5% senescence D.Cornet Cirad First leaf emergence time estimation in yy/mm/dd A.Amele IITA A.Amele IITA Crazy roots presence estimation 0&1 TUBSIZE A. Lopez-Montes Tuber size estimation 1-3 IITA IITA A.Amele 50% sprout emergence time computation in days DyFemer Cirad Tuber flesh color gradient computation D.Cornet 3 few thorns or spines on tuber surface 5 like extremely Earliness of emergence computation in number of days from planting to 50% sprouts emergence D.Cornet Cirad 100 Easy A.Amele IITA frtform Fruit setting estimation 0&1 Tuber surface texture estimation 1-2 A. Lopez-Montes IITA Cirad D.Cornet Tuber flesh brownness computation Very Late (all the plants in a plot still show green foliage (green leaf and vine) 1 Fruit harvest time estimation in yy/mm/dd A.Amele IITA Fiber estimation 1-2 A.Amele IITA A. Lopez-Montes IITA Appearance of tuber surface estimation 1-4 Number of dry rot tubers count A.Amele IITA regular 1 A.Amele IITA Seeds germinated counting A.Amele IITA Leaf width measurement in cm Monoecious male (m>f) 3 Cirad Tuber color uniformity computation D.Cornet A.Amele IITA Small tubers per plant compuatation Intensity of tuber flesh oxidation computation D.Cornet Cirad Anthracnose symptoms covering ~26 t0 ~50% of the plant. One or two spots of more than 1 cm diameter width, and dry tissue on the leaf surface. Small dark and no dried spots with more than 1 cm width, are present 3 A.Amele IITA First inflorescence initiation time computation 2 Creamy white A.Amele IITA Tuber yield adjusted computation in t/ha 1 presence A.Amele IITA Tuber surface crack estimation 0-3 Absent 0 Bulbils per plot count A. Lopez-Montes Aetbrp IITA Fruit maturity time estimation in yy/mm/dd IITA A.Amele A.Amele IITA Big tubers per plant computation 0 Off white A.Amele IITA Leaf position estiamtion 1-3 5 Intermediate Rough 2 Absent 0 FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam whiteness scale 0-100 Laurent Adinsi YamSmot_Meas_0to10 Pounded yam smoothness scale 0-10 Bolanle Otegbayo Bowen University, Nigeria Brown 9 Plant vigor estimation 1-3 PLNV IITA A. Lopez-Montes Boiled yam bitterness 0-100 Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin A. Lopez-Montes S_Brs Tuber dry rot severity estimation 0-4 IITA Few 1 Irregular 4 Flowering time computation in days DF A.Amele IITA Scale insect infestation estimation 0-2 A.Amele IITA 1 No visible symptoms of anthracnose disease or infection spot on the leaf surface IITA stnp A. Lopez-Montes Stems per plant computation per plant 4 Purple Purplish green 4 VRSI Virus incidence computation % A. Lopez-Montes IITA 0 Absent 10 Very sticky Spines on stem estimation 0-2 A.Amele IITA A. Lopez-Montes M_Bs IITA Mealybug severity estimation in 1-5 IITA Bulbil yield per plant measurement in kg AetbrwtPl A.Amele Fully smooth 4 Fruit development status estimation 1-2 A.Amele IITA intermediate 2 A. Lopez-Montes Pollinated florets counting IITA 0 Not sticky Spine base color estimation nominal 0&1 A.Amele IITA sticky 1 D.Cornet Tuber flesh yellowness computation Cirad A. Lopez-Montes fruit set number percentage IITA highly irregular 5 A.Amele IITA Fruit setting time estimation in yy/mm/dd 8 Light brown R_Kni A. Lopez-Montes IITA Root knot nematode incidence computation % Purple 100 Cirad Crop vigor computation in days from median emergence to 80% of maximum ground cover D.Cornet Yes 1 5 Medium (50% of the plants are still green or on the onset of senescence. Only 50% plants in a plot with 25% of the leaves showing senescence or slight yellowing Ratiosp Proportion of emerged plants (sprouts) computation/% A.Amele, A. Lopez-Mentes IITA oxidizes more than 3 minutes 3 Number of branches per plant count A.Amele IITA 2 Pale green 3 highly oxidizing High 7 soft or smooth 3 deep purple 8 AnthracSev A. Lopez-Montes yam anthracnose disease severity estimation in 1-5 IITA orange 9 4 Long (More than 50% of the tubers sprouted at three month after harvesting time) No purple 0 3 Neither like nor dislike 3 Neutral A.Amele IITA Vine cuttings planted count Emerged plants counting/plot A.Amele IITA slightly oxidizing 1 very early (The plants are completely senescent, yellowing is complete and uniform (both leaves and vines 100% senescence) 9 10 Absence of lumps Big lumps 0 5 very sweet Non sticky 0 IITA Leaf length measurement in cm A.Amele 3 Low (flowering is scare with the presence of few flowers mostly less than 10 inflorescences per plant) Purple 5 5 like extremely like 4 0 Non flowering Difficult 0 dislike 2 1 White slightly sticky 2 3 slighty irregular Male flower 1 7 Many thorns or spines on tuber surface 26-50% tuber skin showing symptoms 2 7 brownish white 10 Very hard Absent 0 2 moderately attractive 76-100% tuber skin showing symptoms 4 Few anthracnose spots or sysmptoms on 1 t0 ~25% of the plant. One or two spots of less than 1 cm diameter width, and dry tissue on the leaf surface 2 1 dislikeextremely female flower 2 A.Amele IITA Tuber thorniness intensity estimation 0-7 1 very bitter like 4 dislike 2 Light yellow 6 Abesnt 0 51-75% tuber skin showing symptoms 3 Weight of rotten/diseased tubers per plot measurement in kg Rot_Wt A. Lopez-Montes IITA 4 Light grey R_kns A. Lopez-Montes Root knot nematode severity estimation in 1-5 IITA 3 Neither like nor dislike 4 sweet 0 Very soft acronym 3 Yellow 0 No flower or bud. No inflorescence and not flowering at all 2 dislike 5 Moderate (producing some flowers mostly 10-29 inflorescences per plant) oxidizes less than a minure 1 1 Spherical 3 very attractive attribute 2 Hairy (few scattered or many roots in the surface of the tuber) 0 No entity Assess the proportion of sprouted tubers at different time interval (once a week) from harvesting up to three months after harvesting and rate the dormancy period in scale Dormancy period -Estimation Number branch Branch Number of branches above ground Branch number Corm separability from tuber separation Corm separation from tuber Corm corsep Date end of seed germination-Estimation Record date the last seed germination observed per cross or family Cohesiveness of pounded yam- Estimation Score the degree to which particles of a pounded yam stick together or how moldable it is using intensity scale Spines on sprout base-estimation Record absence or presence of spines on a sprout (vine) Female flowering intensity abondance Flower fflrint Intensity or abudance of female flowers on spikes/infloresences 0-1 binary scale Sprout Color of the sprout (vine and leaves). color Sprout color SprtCol 1-5 scale Mealybug tuber infestation severity MbugSev Severity of mealybug tuber infestation. Mealybug tuber infestation severity Tuber 1-5 scale Medium size yam fresh weight per plant-computation Compute by dividing fresh weight measurement of medium size tubers taken to the number of harvested plants in a net plot 0-9 scale kg Lfshp Leaf Leaf shape shape Leaf shape of plants Fruit set number - Estimation Assess the fruit number as fruiting intensity in categorical scale when more than 50% of the plants set fruits Tuber wideth-computation Compute the average tuber width of all size measurement taken in a net plot % Record the date of fruits harvest in a crossing block or from plant Fruit harvesting time- Estimation Compute the proportion of anthracnose damaged individuals or their parts , commonly the portion of plant units in a plot. Count anthracnose disease ?blight? or leaf spot affected plants in plot twice (First inspection at 10 to 12 weeks post planting and second inspection after 2 to 4 weeks before harvesting ) and compute the proportion of damanged Anthracnose incidence - Estimation cohpdym Cohesiveness Cohesiveness of pounded yam Degree to which particles of a sample stick together or how moldable it is Pounded yam Color difference bewteen mean tuber head and tail flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values Compute the ∆E2000 bewteen mean tuber head and tail flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values BoilYamBrow Boiled yam brownness Brownness Brown colour of product after cooking Boiled root surface Crop cover compactness Canopy Architecture Crop folliage compactness Compute the ∆E2000 bewteen mean tuber flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values at cutting and 15 minutes latter Color difference bewteen mean tuber flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values at cutting and 15 minutes latter Senescence duration Canopy Time between 5 and 95% senescence Senescence duration Record the method used to transfer the pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower of the same or different plant of the same species Pollination type-Estimation MbugInc Tuber Mealybug tuber infestation incidence Incidence of mealybug tuber infestation. Mealybug tuber infestation incidence Presence corm Presence or absence of corm on tuber Corm Corm on tuber Virus severity Grade of reaction of the plant to the viruses infection, varying from mottle, mosaics until total leaves deformation Virus severity Plant VirusSev Record the uniformity of tuber flesh cross-section color using visual scale at fresh cut during harvest Tuber flesh cross section color uniformity-estimation 1-5 scale Hairiness of sprout - Estimation Record existance of hairs on a sprout (vine) Bulbil shape-Estimation Record shape of bulbils or aerial tubers in scale Percentage Proportion NFrtSet Fruit set Fruit set number Intensity or proportion of fruit set or development under open or controlled pollination. Tuber Number of tubers harvested per plant Total tubers per plant Number TNTPL Score the length oxidation (from head) and the length tuber and record the oxidation length / length tuber ratio Stretchability scale 0-10 Flesh oxidation - computation Dryrot Dry rot incidence Tuber Yam tuber dry rot incidence Dry rot caused by nematodes (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) in tubers at harvest Leaf beetle incidence - Computation Compute the proportion of plants with leaf beetle damage from the total number of plants in the effective plots on leaf beetle damange record taken twice(at two and five months after planting date) Compute by dividing fresh weight measurement of all categroy/size tubers taken in a plot to the number of harvested plant in a net plot Total tuber fresh weight per plant-computation Small size tuber width Length Small tuber Average width of small size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Stbrwd Reaction of the total plants per plot to the virus infection, producing yellow mottle, mosaic and leaves deformation VirusInc Virus incidence Virus incidence Plant Count the number of tubers (seed yams or setts) planted per plot (unit area) Tubers (seed yams or setts) planted - Counting Assess the leaf beetle infestation at two and five months after planting and record its severity Leaf beetle severity - Estimation Big tuber Number NBTP Big size tubers per plot Number of big size tubers that weighing ?1 kg in a net plot or unit area Record the fresh weight of harvested bulbil or aerial tuber per net plot Bulbil yield (Plot weight) - Measurement First inflorescence time - Compuation Compute the number of days required to first inflorescence emergence in a plot Purpleness Boiled root surface BoilYamPurp Purple colour tending to pink after cooking Boiled yam purpleness 0-1 scale Mode of plant to plant pollen transfer pollination type Pollination type Polltyp Flower Vine cutting establishment rate Proportion of vine cuttings established well that producing shoots Plant Vestrat establishment rate Stem diameter-computation Measure the stem diameter at 15 cm above the base of five plants before senescence in a plot and record the average Whitness of the Flesh colour The surface whiteness of the yam tuber flesh color Tuber flesh Cracks on tuber surface Cracks Tuber Tuber cracks CTBRS Computing the number of days required from 50% of sprout emergence to when plant does not produce more new flowers. End of flowering time - Computation Counting the number of plants where tubers were harvested in a plot Plant harvested number - Counting Stickness scale 0-100 50% fruit set time-Estimation Record the date fruit set in 50% of plants in a plot taste Taste of pounded yam when eaten without any additional complementary food Pounded yam TastePndedYam Taste of pounded yam Floret pollinated number - Counting Count the number of pollinated florets per female parent per cross Tuber beetle severity or intensity estimated usually as number of nymph present in tubers at harvesting time. Tuber beetle severity - Estimation BoilYamBlackspo Black points presence Boiled yam surface black points presence Boiled root surface Refers to the presence of small black points on the surface of product The surface yellowness of the yam tuber flesh Tuber flesh Yellowness of the Flesh colour color Number of medium size tubers that weighing ? 0.5kg and <1 kg in a net plot or unit area Medium tuber Number Medium size tubers per plot NMTP yield Total tuber yield adjusted Tuber Total tuber yield adjusted tons per hectare TTYA Crumbness scale 0-100 Fruit maturity time - Computation Compute the number of days required from fruit set to fruit phyisological maturity Compute the weight to harvested bulbils per plant Bulbil yield (fresh weight) per plant-computation Distance to which the deformed material can be sretchable Pounded yam Springiness of pounded yam Springiness sprgpdym Texture in the hand stickness method Oxidation ratio of flesh Flesh oxidation Tuber flesh Sample is touched with fingers or moulded in the hands Tuber flesh oxidation Heterophylly duration Mean duration between fisrt emergence and first true leaf apprearance on main stem of 5 plants choosen randomly Duration from emergence to first true leaf Plant Seedling Establishment rate Seedling Establishment rate of seedlings sderat Establishment rate Bulbil initiation time - Computation Compute number of days required from sprout emergence to 50% of plants in a plot start forming bulbils or aerial tubers Aroma of pounded yam-Estimation Assess the small or odour the pounded yam that sensed at the nose before the yam reaches mouth and make sensory score using scale how appetizing or appealing the pounded yam to eat Record the tendency of vine to twine or climb Twining habit-Estimation lflngth length Leaf Leaf length Length of leaf Tbrwd Wideth Average width of all size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Tuber width Tuber Growth duration Time from median emergence to 5% senescence Senescence earliness Canopy Texture of pounded yam-Estimation Sensory test of how soft or hard, smooth or lumpy when pouned yam sensed during mastication in mouth or feeling with hand Corm Size Corm size corsz Size of corm in relation to tuber Chewingness scale 0-100 bulbil/plant Pounded yam hardness Pounded yam Softness is when it is quite easy to compress the sample, while hardness is when force is used to compress the sample or takes effort to compress the sample Hardness YamHdHar Number of bulbil - Computation Count number of aerial tubers or vine bulbils on plants in a net plot and compute the average number bulbils per plant texture Tuber surface texture Tuber Tuber surface smoothness Tbrtxtur Bitterness Boiled yam bitterness Basic bitter taste like small quantity of quinine or caffeine in water BoilYamBitt Boiled root Purpleness scale 0-100 Pounded yam smoothness Smoothness Absence of lumps YamHdSmot Pounded yam Petiole length - Computation Measure the length of petiole using measuring tape on sampled 20 adult leaves ( four leaves per plant on at leat five plants in a plot), and record the average length Tuber weight TTWPL Total tuber weight per plant Total fresh weight of all category or size tubers per plant Assess hairiness of leaf surface (lower part) Leaf hairiness - Estimation Root knot nematode severity estimation in a range from no symptoms to highly severe galling scored in secondary roots of the plant and tubers adventitious roots. Root knot nematode severity - Estimation number Stem internode NINFB Number of internodes to first branchs on a plant Number of internodes to first branching Duration from median emergence to 5% senescence of subplot - Computation Averaged senescence earliness expressed in days from median emergence to 5% senescence (i.e. 95% of maximum ground cover after time to maximum ground cover) in two subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Time at 95% of maximum growth after time at maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Duration from median emergence to 80% of maximum ground cover of subplot - Computation Averaged crop vigor expressed in days from median emergence to 80% of maximum ground cover in subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Time at 80% of maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Take count of dry rot tubers per plot at harvest Dry rot tuber number-counting Boiled root surface Boiled yam whiteness Both inner and outer colour can range from light yellowish (off-white) to white (pure white) BoilYamWhit Whiteness Record the weight of small size ( < 500 gm) tubers in a net plot Small size tubers fresh weight per plot- measurement 50% flowering time Plant Time when 50% of the plants flower in a plot Time to 50% flowering TIMFL Assess the color of leaf on a young plant Leaf color - Estimation Hairiness of stem Stem hairiness Stem stmhair hairiness TIMbulb duration Bulbil initiation time Aerial tuber Time to bulbil initiation Plant flowering intensity Flowering intensity Abundance or degree of flowering Flrint RKNSev Tuber Root knot nematode severity Root knot nematode severity Root knot severity caused by Meloidogyne spp. Averaged maximum ground cover over two subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Maximum ground cover computed from ground cover dynamic modeled using time to event Beta Growth model. Subplot maximum ground cover from weekly image analysis - Computation Pounded yam The degree of whiteness of the pounded yam sample like a plain white paper or white flip chart/colour of boiled egg albumen, or Colour of the pounded yam comparable to that of Soymilk or “Eba” from white “Gaari”, or colour of Pounded yam comparable to that of greyness covering a boiled egg yolk, or colour of pounded yam, or colour of pounded yam comparable to that of evaporated liquid milk such as Peak milk, or colour of pounded yam comparable to boiled egg yolk that is light in colour, or colour of Pounded yam comparable to deep colour of Yellow maize, or colour of Pounded yam comparable to the colour whole wheat meal or colour of Pounded yam comparable to the colour of carton paper. Pounded yam colour Colour YamCol yam flour Tuber flour starch content content Tuber flour starch content Score the sticknes or adhesiveness of pounded yam to consumern fingur using sensory test panelist Stickiness of pounded yam - Estimation Texture of tuber flesh texture Tuber flesh texture Tuber flesh Txf 1-3 scale Flowering intensity - Estimation Record the abundance or intesity of flowering when more than 50% of the plants are flowered in a plot Vine cuttings planted Plant NVP Vine cuttings planted number Compute the number of days required from sprout emergence or planting to when all plants had fully senesced Foliage senescence time - Computation presence CRZROOT Appearance of crazy roots on tuber surface Crazy roots presence Crazy roots Shape of tuber - computation Measure the length and width of tuber using measuring tape and record the length /with ratio Colour scale 1-9 Tuber Tuber thorniness intensity ThornInt Thorn or spine intesity Intensity of thorns on the tuber surface Observe the leaf abundance or mass on a mature plant and rate the density Leaf density - Estimation Appearance of pounded yam-Estimation Observe the appearance (structure and pigmentation) of pouned yam and make visual score using scale how attractive or appealing on table or plate to eat First sprout emergence time TIMFSE Plant or sprout First emergence time Time to the first sprout (plant) emerge in a plot Computed the yield of bulbil per hectare using the formula. Bulbil yield (fresh weight) per hectar- Computation Record corm size in relation to tuber size using three scale Corm size-Estimation Texture in the hand stretchabilitymethod Cirad G.Arnau The pounded yam is touched and pulled apart with the fingers Flesh oxidation quantitative computation Corm separation from tuber-Estimation Record the corm ability to be separated from tuber in a binary scale Flower initaition time - Computation Computing the number of days required from first sprout emergence to first flower initiation Compute the sum of all category/size tubers (big, medium, small and rotten/diseased) in a net plot Total tuber harvested number-computation Weight of medium size tuber yam per plant Medium tuber WMTPL weight Medium size tuber weight per plant Taste method After swallowing, observe the feeling or sensation of the bitter taste on the tongue and assess its intensity Record the predominant color of stem on mature plant at five to six month after emergence using a five color scale Stem color - Estimation NPollSpk Quantity of Female spikes where flowers has been pollinated using male flower from a monoecious or dioecious parent Inflorescence number Pollinated spikes number number of branch number of spikes Duration between 5% emergence and 95% senescence of subplot - Computation Averaged growth cycle duration expressed in days between 5% emergence and 95% senescence (i.e. 5% of maximum ground cover after time to maximum ground cover) in two subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Median senescence computed from inflection point value using log-logistic time-to-event modeling of weekly sprout counts expressed in days after planting. Time at 5% of maximum growth after time at maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. 1-2 scale Variation in leaf mass of the plant Leaf density Leaf density Lfden PVigor The vigour of the vine and leaves of the new plant. Plant vigor Plant Vigor arrangement Leaf lfpst Leaf position Arrangement of leaves on stem or vine BoilYamSweet Boiled yam sweetness Basic light sugary taste like a little glucose or sucrose in water solution Sweetness Boiled root Count the number of leaves on at least five young plants in a plot at 30 days after emergence and record the average Number of Leaves - Computation 0-1 scale m hairiness Hairs on sprout (vines) Sprout hairiness HAIRSP Sprout Length Average width of medium size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Medium size tuber width Medium tuber Mtbrwd NEP Number Number of an emerged plants (sprouts) in a plot Number of emerged plants Plant or sprout Sprout Elapsed time between planting date and date of 50% emergence sprouts in a plot Period duration from planting to 50% sprout emergence Earliness of emergence 0-2 scale seed set ratio Seed Seed index Seed index is an estimation of pollinated flowers producing seeds Record leaf apex shape of mature plants in a plot Leaf apex shape-Estimation colpoundedyam Pounded yam color color Optical color or pigmentation of pounded yam Pounded yam Compute the number of big size tubers produced per plant using the formula number of big size tuber in a plot divided by the total number of harvested plants Big size tubers per plant-computation Record weight of rotten and/or diseased tubers harvested in a net plot Rotten tuber fresh weight per plot - Measurement Date (yyyymmdd) gm/sett Record the degree of thorns or spines on tuber surface in visual scale Tuber thorniness intensity-Estimation Record the number of developed fruits or fruit set in pollinated flowers/inflorescence Fruits developed number - Counting Fruit index is an estimation of pollinated flowers developing physiologically mature fruits Fruit index Fruit fruiting ratio Big size tuber length Big tuber Average length of big size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Btbrleng Length density Spine SPNAB Intensity of spines on stem (vine) above base of mature plant (5 to 6 month old plant) Spines on stem density Seeds germinated Quanity of sown true (botanical) seeds germinated per cross or family sdgerm Number Seed germinated TIMEF end of flowering time End of flowering time or when a plant does not produce new flower in a plot Time to end of flowering Plant Flower initaition time - Estimation Record time (date) of first flower initiation in a plot or the date any of the plants in a plot shows the first flower Scale insect infestation - Estimation Observe and score scale insect infestation on tuber at harvest WTP Weight of seed tubers (whole seed yams or setts ) planted in a plot or per unit area. Planting material from a tuber is called sett. Seed tuber could be either small, healthy whole tuber or large tubers cut into pieces (sett) Seed tuber Weight Weight of planted tubers Presence of bulbil - Estimation Record the presence and absence of bulbils (aerial tubers) in the vines of yam plant Growth vigor Duration from median emergence to 80% of maximum ground cover Crop vigor Canopy Leaf color Leaf color mlfcol The leaf surface color or pigmentation Odour method Take a whiff and evaluate the intensity of yam odour YADS Yam anthracnose disease severity Plant Anthracnose severity Anthracnose severity caused by the pathogen Colletotricum gloeosporioides. The reaction of plants in a plot to anthracnose infestation (blight or leaf spot) under screenhouse or in the field under natural infestation or artificial inoculation Tuber number/plot Compute the proportion of virus symptomatic individuals or their parts or commonly the portion of plant units in a plot. Take virus incidence recording thrice: First inspection at 8 to 10 weeks after planting and second inspection after 4 to 6 weeks after first inspection for virus symptoms and the third and final inspection 4 to 6 weeks after the second inspection . Viruses infection incidence - Computation Seedling establishment rate-computation Compute the proportion of seedlings per family (cross) establish well and ready for transplanting, usually recorded at five weeks after sowing. Ratio between subplot ground cover area and its respective convex hull area - Computation Averaged crop cover compactness over two subplots images around time of 50% of maximum ground cover. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Time at 50% of maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Images choosen as near as possible of date of time at 50% of maximum growth . Compactness computed as the ration between ground cover area (pixels) and its respective convex hull area (pixels). number Number of stems (vines) with leaves and branches per plant Stem Stems per plant Nstem Seeds set - Comp Take count of the number of seeds set on each fruits and record the average seeds per fruit Observe the appearance (structure and pigmentation) of boiled yam and make visual score using scale how attractive or appealing on table or plate to eat Appearance of boiled yam-Estimation Observe the optical color or pigementation of pounded yam and make visual score using scale how acceptable or appealing on table or plate to eat Color of pounded yam-Estimation 1-7 scale Yam odour scale 0-100 Compute the brown index based on the flesh surface color of tuber longitudinal section using image analysis with a color correction based on a custom color chart Tuber flesh brown index computation from standardized image L*a*b* values Big size tuber width Btbrwd Big tuber Length Average width of big size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Number of true seeds sown-counting Record the number of true seeds sown per cross or family Number Number of nodes carrying cataphylles Plant Mean number of nodes carrying cataphylles on main stem of 5 plants choosen randomly Compute the ratio of pollinated florets developing mature fruits Fruit index Small size yam fresh weight per plant-computation Compute by dividing fresh weight measurement of small size tubers taken to the number of harvested plants in a net plot TubDMC Tuber Dry matter content Tuber dry matter content Proportion of dry matter in the tuber. Plant YADI Anthracnose incidence caused by the pathogen Colletotricum gloeosporioides. % of anthracnose ?blight? or leaf spotaffected plants in a plot Yam anthracnose disease incidence Anthracnose incidence Rotten tuber weight Weight Rotten Tuber Weight of rotten/diseased tubers RDTW Bitterness after taste BoilYamBitteraft During chewing, bitter taste after swallowing, eg there is a light bitter aftertaste Boiled root Boiled yam bitter after taste Number of branchs - computation Count the number of branches above ground on at least five mature plants in a plot and record the average Computation of the substraction between the necessary time before 95% and 5% emergence using after-fitting inverse regression of log-logistic time-to-event modeling of weekly sprout counts expressed in days after planting Period from 5% to 95% emergence pollination time Plant datcross Date crossing or pollination attempted Crossing date Record the smoothness or roughness of tuber skin in visual scale Tuber surface texture - Estimation Number of bulbil Number of bulbils or aerial tubers produced Aerial tuber Bulbp Number Canopy Maximum ground cover Maximum ground cover Maximum ground cover Starch breakdown-Estimation A 1.7 g portion of starch was mixed with 25 g of distilled water in the RVA sample can, after correction for the original moisture contents of the starches Boiled yam aroma Boiled yam arombldyam aroma The sense of smell or odor of boiled yam that reaches the nose before eating or the boiled yam reaches the mouth scale insect infestation Scale insect infestation on tubers at harvest Scalisec Scale insect infestation Tuber Status of fruit development Fruit development status on monoecious and female flower of dioeciouse yam plant FrtDev Fruit status Tuber thorniness - Estimation Record the presence or absence of thorns or spines on the tuber skin in visual scale Record appearance of cracks on tuber surface as absent, few and many Cracks on the tuber surface-Estimation Mean starch grain size of yam tuber flour Size yam flour Starch grain size Shape regularity estimation 0-2 Sample is put in the hands and moulded G.Arnau Texture in the hand mouldability method Cirad Small size tubers per plant-Computation Compute the number of small size tubers produced per plant using the formula number of small size tuber in a plot divided by the total number of harvested plants Seed index Compute the ratio of pollinated florets developing seeds Time of first seed germination-Estimation Record date the first seed germination observed per cross or family Texture in the mouth method Put the product between the molars and mash it to assess the number of chews before swallowing lveincol vein color Vein color Color or pigmentation of leaf vein Leaf Number of big size tubers ( ?1 kg) per plant NBTPL number Big size tubers per plant Big tuber Quantity of Female Flowers which has been pollinated using male flower from a monoecious or dioecious parent Inflorescence NpollF Pollinated florets number number Severity of leaf beetle damage. Lfbtsev Leaf beetle damage severity Leaf Leaf beetle severity Lfbtinc Leaf Leaf beetle damage incidence Leaf beetle incidence Incidence of leaf beetle damage. Hairiness of tuber bark - Estimation Record the intensity of tuber hairs or secondary roots on the surface of harvested tubers Time to fruit setting Fruit Times fruit formation or set on monoeciuse or femal flowers of dioeciouse yam plants Frtset Fruiting ability The breakdown of yam starch extracted from fresh tubers were determined using a Rapid Visco-Analyser (RVA-TecMaster, Perten Instruments, Australia) starch starchbrk Yam starch breakdown Tuber Leaf The number of leaves on a plant Nlfyp Number Number of leaves Measure the length from lobes to the tip using a measuring tape on sampled 20 adult leaves ( four leaves per plant and at leat five plants on a plot), and record the average length Leaf length - computation Leaf position - Estimation Observe the arrangement of leaves on stem or vine and rate it Weight of big size tubers ( ?1 kg) in a net plot or unit area Big size tubers weight per plot Big tuber BTW Weight Boiled yam appearance appearance The optical appearance of boiled yam related with surface glossy or dullness and light scattering power of boiled yam structure appboiledyam Boiled yam Medium size tubers harvested number- counting Count the number of tubers in a plot weighing ? 500 gm and <1 kg harvested per effective plot Tuber shape - Estimation Determination of the predominant shape in the entire family/plot as a unit Record emergence of new secondary sprouts from the planted seed tuber/sett in a plot at three months after planting Secondary sprouting - estimation Senescence- Estimation Observe the status of foliage senescence (leaf or vine yellowing) of plants in plot at 6 month onward and rate the maturity status Leaf apex shape shape Leaf apex shape Leaf apex Lfapx 1-5 general scale Record the flesh enzymatic oxidation color using color scale Tuber flesh oxidation color-Estimation Root knot nematode incidence Tuber Root knot incidence caused by Meloidogyne spp. Root knot nematode damage incidence RKNInc Record appearance of crazy roots on tuber surface at harvest Crazy roots presence on tubers at harvest-Estimation cm Number of true seed harvested or obained per cross or family True seed Tsdh True seeds harvested Number Tuber cross section color Uniformity of tuber flesh surface color in cross-section ( from cortex to center) Tuber flesh cross-section color uniformity Utfc Mealybug tuber severity estimation on infested tubers at time harvesting Mealybug tuber severity - Estimation Sample is pressed with the index finger Tuber shape regularity Shape regularity Regularity of tuber shape Texture in the hand hardness method Tuber Weight Weight of small size tubers ( <0.5kg ) in a net plot or unit area STW Small tuber Small size tubers weight per plot Length of medium size tubers-Computation Measure the length of at most five medium size tubers (?500 gm and <1kg ) from base to tip in a net plot at harvest and record the average Stmcol The surface color of stem color Stem Stem color Presence of spot on spine base SPBCOL colored spot Spine Presence of colored spots at the spine base of sprouted shoots (vine) with spines Tubers planted Number Number of seed tubers planted in a plot or unit area Seed tuber NTP Plant Datfsen Time to all plants in a plot or unit area show full or complete foliage senescence Senescence time Foliage senescence time Tuber flour sugar content content Tuber flour sugar content yam flour Proportion of established plants Proportion of plants in a plot well established (plantsgrowing with good vigour and without severe constraints) STRATE Proportion Plant Black spots presence scale 0-100 0-4 scale Smoothness scale 0-10 Record the date when all plants in a plot shows a sign of 100% foliage senescence Foliage senescence time - Estimation Elapsed time between planting date and date of 5th percentile emergence sprouts in a plot Period duration from planting to first sprouts emergence Sprout Latency before emergence Bulbil shape Predominant shape of the bulbils Shape Aerial tuber Bulbsp Plant Time to maturity Length of time toward crop maturity Maturity time Mat TIMFlrin Time to flower initiation Plant Flower initiation time Time of the first flower initiation on a plant/s in a plot or any of the plants in a plot shows the first flower Stbrleng Small tuber Small size tuber length Average length of small size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Length Period duration from first to last sprouts emergence Emergence vigor Elapsed time between time of 5th and 95th percentiles emergence sprouts in a plot Sprout Pounded yam stretchability Pounded yam YamHdStr Ability of pounded yam to stretch when pulled apart with fingers Stretchability 1-3 scale Period from planting to median emergence Computation of inflection point value using log-logistic time-to-event modeling of weekly sprout counts expressed in days after planting Fruits/cross weight Weight of big size tubers per plant Big size tuber weight per plant Big tuber WBTPL Length of sprouted shoots (vines) Sprout Sprout length Spleng length Total tuber yield adjusted-computation Computed as total tubers weight per plant multiplied by planting density and result divided by 1000 Bulbil Aerial tuber Presence of bulbil Presence of bulbils or aerial tubers in the nodes of the vines Bulbil presence TIMinflor Time of first inflorescence initiation Inflorescence initiation time Plant Inflorescence initiation time Heterophylly presence Presence Presence of cataphylles during early stage Plant Boiled yam taste Tastebldyam Boiled yam Taste of boiled yam when eaten without any additional complementary food taste 50% emergence time TIMSE Plant or sprout Time to 50% sprouts (plants) emerge in a plot 50% sprout emergence time ATW Weight Average tuber weight Tuber Average tuber weight in kg Count the number of tubers in a plot weighing less than 500 gm harvested per effective plot Small size tubers harvested per plot number - counting days Number NSTP Small size tubers per plot Small tuber Number of small size tubers that weighing <0.5kg in a net plot or unit area Number of plants harvested number NPH Stand harvested number Haversted plant Femal flowers abundance or intensity per inflorescence-Estimation Observe the femal flowering intensity or abudance per inflorences and rate Compute the number of medium size tubers produced per plant using the formula number of medium size tuber in a plot divided by the total number of harvested plants Medium size tubers per plant-computation Tuber flesh Oxidation intensity Tuber flesh browning Intensity of tuber flesh enzymatic oxidation (degree of flesh color change or browning of cut yam tuber) Hardness scale 0-100 Tubtlsev Tuber Tuber beetle severity Tuber beetle severity Severity of tuber beetle damage. 0-2 scale Tuber flesh color reading -measurement Measure the flesh surface color of tuber (head, middle and tail portion) at different time interval (0, 30, 60, 180 minutes after cutting) using colorimeter (a color spectrophotometer) or standard color chart. Quantity of true seed harvested -Counting Record the total number of true seed or botanical seed harvested or obtained per cross or family Corm Corm type Corm type cortyp Type Dryrot Dry rot severity Tuber Yam tuber dry rot severity Dry rot caused by nematodes (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) in tubers at harvest Microscopy (10x) image analysis of iodin colored yam tuber flour (0.5mm) Microscopy image analysis Number of well established plants ( plants growing with good vigour and without severe constraints) in a plot Plant Established plants Number NESP Weight of small size yam per plant Weight Small tuber Small size tuber weight per plant WSTPL Internode length - computation Measure the length of internode at 1m height on five (5) plants and record the average Tuber dry rot severity - Estimation Score the severity of dry rot in harvested tubers Record date when 50% of plants in a plot begin producing bulbils or aerial tubers Bulbil initiaition time - Estimation appearance Pounded yam Pounded yam appearance The optical appearance of pouned yam related with surface glossy or dullness and light scattering power of pounded yam structure apppoundedyam BoilYamHdFibr Boiled root Refers to the presence of fine fibers between the fingers and visible to the eye Boiled yam fibrousness Fibrousness in hand Sample is pressed firmly between the fingers Texture in the hand smoothness method TNTP Tuber Number Total tubers per plot Number of total (all size) tubers in a net plot or unit area Big size yam yield no adjusted- Computation Calculated as big size yam tuber weight per plot divided by size of effective harvest plot mutiplied by 10 plants per plot Tuber thorniness Exsistence of thorns on the tuber surface Tuber Thorn Thorniness Compute average of the number of stems (vines) per established plants in a plot Number of stems per plant-computation rvt Observe the surface of product and evaluate the frequency/number of the black points Appearance method Record the weight of medium size ( ? 500 gm and <1 kg) tubers in a net plot Medium size tubers fresh weight per plot -measurement Seeds germination start time Seed germstart germination starting time Time the first seed germination occurred uniteless Compute the proportion or ratio of plants/sprouts emerged as the number of emerged plants/sprouts divided by the total number of tubers (seed yam or setts) planted in a plot multiplied by 100 Emerged sprouts or plants proportion-Computation Record date of 50% plants in a plot are showing foliage senescence Time to 50% foliage senescence time - Estimation Intndlngth Internode length Stem internode length Internode length Tubtlinc Tuber beetle incidence Incidence of tuber beetle damage. Tuber Tuber beetle incidence Tuber Dormancy period TubDorm Tuber dormancy period Tuber dormancy period Visual assessment of the plant vigour in a plot at two month after planting Plant Vigor - Estimation Score the intensity of tuber flesh oxidation (flesh surface color change) at different time interval (0, 30, 60, 180 minutes after cutting) using scale Tuber flesh oxidation intensity-Estimation 1-4 score 1-5 scale Tuber flour protein content content yam flour Tuber flour protein content Observe the type of inflorescence and score it Inflorescence type-Estimation Density of spines on stem base of a plant-Etimation Visual assessment of spines on a stem (vine) above the base of mature plants in a plot Record leaf shape of mature plants in a plot Leaf shape-Estimation weight Tuber Total fresh tuber weight per plot TTWP Total fresh weight of all category or size tubers harvested in a net plot Score the degree of fruit development in scale Fruit development intensity-Estimation Count the number of tubers in a plot weighing ?1 kg harvested per effective plot Big size tubers harvested number - counting Ability to set or form fruts-Estimation Observe fruit setting or formation of female flowers of monoeciouse and dieciouse plants and rate the ability set for form fruits TIMfsen Plant Time to all plants in a plot or unit area show full or complete foliage senescence Foliage senescence time Senescence time The degree to which the pounded yam is adhesive or stick to the fingure, mouth surface and teeth Stickiness of pounded yam Stickiness Pounded yam StickPndedYam Big size tubers fresh weight per plot- measurement Record the weight of big size ( ?1 kg) tubers in a net plot Tuber flesh The surface color of the yam tuber flesh Tbrfclr color Tuber flesh color tons/ha Smoothness of pounded yam- Estimation Score the smoothnessof the pounded yam , i.e., absence of lumps by finger feeling and using intensity scale Length Mtbrleng Medium size tuber length Medium tuber Average length of medium size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area 1-3 scale Vein color - Estimation Assess the color of leaf vein on the upper surface Dry rot caused by nematodes (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) in tubers at harvest Number Dryrot Tuber Yam tuber dry rot incidence Seed germination ending time germend Seeds germination end time Time last seed germination occurred kg/plant Computed as total tuber weight per plot divided by size of net or effective harvest plot and result multiplied by 10 Tuber yield no adjusted- Computation NIRS model prediction - computation Prediction of sugar content using NIRS spectra (FOSS 6500) of tuber flour sample Oxidation color Tuber Foxdc Tuber flesh oxidation color Surface color resulting of tuber flesh enzymatic oxidation Texture in the hand method After breaking or cutting, breaking or crumbling, evaluate the intensity of fine fibers between the fingers and visible to the eye 1-9 scale Intoxd Intensity of tuber flesh enzymatic oxidation (degree of flesh color change or browning of cut yam tuber) Oxidation intensity Tuber flesh oxidation intensity Tuber Plant SE Foliage senescence or maturity class Senescence Maturity class tuber number/plant number of florets Fibrousness scale 0-100 Times to first sprout emergence-Computation Compute the number of days required from date of planting to the date first sprout or plant in a plot or unit area emerged number of bulbils Select at least five random whole tubers from a net plot and cut small slices (1-2 mm) from proximal, middle and distal portion and mixed thoroughly. Record fresh weight and determin dry weight of samples by drying at 70∞C for 72 h in a forced air oven. A proportion between the dry weight and the fresh weight is calculated. Tuber dry matter content - Computation Average weigth of big size tuber Average weight of big size tubers in kg Big tuber Weight AWBT Boiled yam Yam flavor Odour of boiled yam BoilYamOdor Yam odour Boiled root Boiled yam texture Boiled yam texture The physical attributes of boiled yam such as soft or hard/strong , smooth or lumpy when sensed by touch in mouth or with hands txtboiledyam Compute the average of the flesh surface color of tuber longitudinal section using image analysis with a color correction based on a custom color chart Tuber flesh color computation from standardized image L*a*b* values Date crossing-Estimation Record the date crossing made in particular flower of a plant. Record the number of harvested fruits per cross Fruits harvested number - Counting Viruses infection severity - Estimation Observe relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by virus disease and record the severity as a proportion or percentage of plant surface affected using visual five ordinal scale . Predominant severity per plot must be registered at least thrice : 8 to 10 weeks after planting, 4 to 6 weeks after first scoring and the last scoring at 4 to 6 weeks after the second scoring Spine on sprout Presence of spines on sprout (vines) Spines on sprout presence Presense SPNSP Tuber Dry rot caused by nematodes (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) in tubers at harvest Dryrot Dry rot presence Yam tuber dry rot presence kg/plot 0-3 scale Tuber size Tuber Tuber size Size TbrSz STMDM Stem diameter Stem diameter Stem diameter of a mature plant (5 to 6 month old plant) Averaged senescence period duration expressed in days between 5 and 95% senescence (i.e. 95% and 5% of maximum ground cover after time to maximum ground cover) in two subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Time at 95% and 5% of maximum growth after time at maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Duration between 5 and 95% senescence of subplot - Computation Number Record time of the first leaf emergence on sprouted shoot (vine) Time of first leaf emergence on sprouted shoot (vines)-Estimation 1-3 general scale Sweetness 0-100 First inflorescence time - Estimation Record date when plant/s having the first inflorescence in a plot Bulbwtp Weight Weight of vine bulbils or aerial tubers harvest Aerial tuber Bulbil weight Count the number of pollinated spikes per female parent per cross Pollinated spike number - Estimation Fruit Time to fruit harvesting DateFH Time of fruit harvesting Harvesting ime 50% Senescence time TIMsen Time when 50% of the plants in a plot are showing signs of foliage senescence Plant Time to 50% foliage senescence Calculated as weight of big size tubers per plot divided by total number of big size tubers per plot Big yam tuber average weight-computation Emergence of secondary sprouts on a plant Sprout SecSP Secondary sprouting Secondary sprouting TWNH Tendency of climbing or trailling twining habit Plant Twining habit Record position of appearance of roots at surface to tubers Position of root appearance on tubers-Estimation Optical color or pigmentation of boiled yam Boiled yam color Boiled yam colbldyam color Seedling tranplant survival rate-computation Compute the proportion of seedlings survived or established well after transplant operation Bitterness 0-100 Count the numeber vine cuttings planted Vine cuttings planted -counting Big size yam yield adjusted-computation Calculated as big size yam tuber weight per per plant mutiplied by planting density and result divided by 1000 Measure the width of at most five big size tubers (?1kg) from net plot at wider portion of the tuber using vernier calliper or measuring tape and record the average Width of big size tubers-Computation Record the date 90% of the developed fruits shows sign of physiological maturity (turning brown) Fruit maturity time - Estimation number of fruit Observe and record the fresh cut tuber flesh surface color at the head portion of the tuber at harvesting time. Tuber flesh color head portion - Estimation Average length of all size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Tuber length Length Tuber Tbrleng Observe the optical color or pigementation of boiled yam and make visual score using scale how acceptable or appealing on table or plate to eat Color of boiled yam-Estimation Dry rot presence on harvested tubers-Estimation Observe the occurance or presence of dry rot caused by nematods (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) on harvested tubers and record the presence and absence Determination of predominant size of the tuber in the entire family Tuber size - Estimation Tbrappr Tuber surface look in relation to presence or absence of roots, thorns and sprouted buds on the tuber surface Appearance Tuber appearance Tuber Times 90% of fruits attain physiological maturity Time to fruit maturity Maturity time TIMFrtM Fruit Setts or seed yams planted weight - Computation Measure the weight of N planted tubers (seed yams or setts) and record the average Compute the average sprout length of five representative plants measurement taken in a plot Sprout length-computation Total tubers per plant-computation Compute as the total number of tubers in a net plot divided by the number of harvested plant per net plot Compute the number of days required from 50% of sprouts in plot emerged to 50% of plants in a plot are having at least one flower/inflorescence 50% flowering time - Computation Tuber shape TbrSh Shape Tuber Tuber predominant shape Record the twining or climbing direction of the vine Twining direction-Estimation Tsurvrat Seedling Establishment rate of seedlings four weeks after transplanting operation Seedling transplant survival rate Survival rate Hardness scale 0-10 Record time in minutes lasted for cut tuber flesh to become or not oxidized and score in scale Tuber oxidation-Estimation Tuber dry rot incidence - Computation Compute the proportion dry rot tubers from the total number of harvested tubers per effective plot 1-7 general scale Time to 50% foliage senescence time - Computation Compute the number of days required for 50% of the plants in a plot showing foliage senescence Sprout color - estimation Record the predominant color of the sprouts (plant) per plot at 20 days after emergence The physical attributes of pounded yam such as soft or hard/strong , smooth or lumpy when sensed by touch in mouth or with hands txtpoundedyam Pounded yam texture texture Pounded yam Compute the proportion tubers showing root knot nematode symptoms from the total number of harvested tubers in effective plot Root knot nematode incidence - Computation Boiled yam hardness BoilYamHdHard Hardness of cutting or breaking Force required to cut/break with fork Boiled root Nodes carrying cataphylle per plant number of tubers Big size yam yield BTYld Big size tubers yield nonadjusted tons per hectare Big tuber yield method_of Number Fruit per cross Fruits harvested number FrtHvstN Number of harvested fruits per cross after physiological maturity Tuber flesh oxidation Tuber flesh enzymatic oxidation rate Tuber Enzymatic oxidation rate Tfoxd Compute the number of days required from first sprout emergence to the first leaf to emerge on a sprouted shoot (vine) in a plot Times to the first leaf emergence on sprouted shoot (vines)-Computation Fruit set number - Computation Compute the fruit set number as proportion of pollinated flowers developing or setting a fruit and expressed in % Pounded yam aroma The sense of smell or odor of pounded yam that reaches the nose before eating or the pounded yam reaches the mouth aroma Pouned yam arompoundedyam Compute the proportion or ratio of well-established plants in a plot from the total number of tubers (seed yam or setts) planted Field establishment-Computation Big size tuber yield adjusted BTYA yield Big tuber Big size tubers yield adjusted tons per hectare Plntype A tendency of a plant to grow in a certain shape and to attain a certain mature height and spread growth habit Plant Plant type Inflorescence type Inft Inflorescence type The arrangement of flowers on stem or twig of a plant Tuber flesh yellow index computation from standardized image L*a*b* values Compute the yellow index based on the flesh surface color of tuber longitudinal section using image analysis with a color correction based on a custom color chart Property related to the number of chews necessary to swallow the product BoilYamMthChew Ease of chewing Boiled root Boiled yam easiness to chew Time 50% of sprout emergence-Estimation Record date 50% of sprouts in a plot emerged Height or the length of stem height Stmht Stem Stem height Bulbil yield Yield Bulbyld Aerial tuber Yield of vine bulbils or aerial tubers harvest Twining direction twining direction twndir Vine Twining direction Plant type-Estimation Visual assessment of the tendency of a plant to grow in a certain shape and to attain mature height and spread Score the distance to which the deformed material can be or degree of stretchabiliy pounded yam in intesity scale Springiness of pounded yam-Estimation Set seed per Fruit Seeds set per fruit number Number of seeds developed per fruit after hand flowers pollination SdSet Compute the sum all category or size of tubers (Big, medium, small size, and rotten and diseased) fresh weight per plot Total tuber fresh weight per plot -computation Appearance method Tuber shape quantitative computation Visually inspect sample surface Cirad G.Arnau Number of bulbil Aerial tuber Number of bulbils or aerial tubers produced Bulbpl Number Number of plant TIMLE emergence time Time to first leaf emergence Leaf Time to the first leaf emergence on a plant or sprouted shoot (vine) in a plot Presence of fiber strand-Estimation Score the presence or absence of ?ber strands on pounded yam Mouldability scale 0-10 Observe the regularity of tuber shape in visual scale Shape regularity - estimation Average tuber weight -computation Calculated as total tuber weight per plot divided by total number of tubers per plot Hair on stem - Estimation Observe the presence or absence of hairs on stem surface variable_of Predominat plant or flower sex Plant sex Sex sex Flower Medium size tubers weight per plot Medium tuber Weight MTW Weight of medium size tubers (? 0.5kg and <1 kg) in a net plot or unit area Width of small size tubers-Computation Measure the width of at most five small size tubers (<500 gm) from net plot at wider portion of the tuber using calliper or measuring tape and record the average µm Bitterness after taste 0-100 width Width of leaf Leaf Leaf Width lfwdt Record date of first spout emergence in a plot Time first sprout emergence-Estimation Quantity of botanical or true seeds sown per family or cross Sdsown Seed sown Number Seeds sown Tuber flesh white index computation from standardized image L*a*b* values Compute the white index based on the flesh surface color of tuber longitudinal section using image analysis with a color correction based on a custom color chart Compute the average of the period from emergence to first true leaf appearance on the main stem of 5 plants choosen randomly Duration of heterophylly period - Computing Tuber flesh color Tuber flesh color The surface color of the yam tuber flesh Mean color difference between average tuber flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values and tuber flesh color of individual pixel values Compute the ∆E2000 between average tuber flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values and tuber flesh color of individual pixel values Measure the internode length of five plants before senescence at 1 meter height and record the average Internode length -computation Taste of pounded yam - Estimation Score taste of pounded yam using sensory test panalist YamHdMoul Pounded yam mouldability/cohesiveness Pounded yam Ability of the pounded yam to stick together easily without disintegrating or cohesive and being easy to mould. Mouldability/cohesiveness Tuber beetle incidence - Computation Compute the proportion tubers with tubers beetle damage from the total number of harvested tubers in the effective plot at harvesting time. number of fruits color The surface browness of the yam tuber flesh Browness of the Tuber flesh colour Tuber flesh Length of small size tubers-Computation Measure the length of at most five small size tubers (<500 gm) from base to tip in a net plot at harvest and record the average Medium tuber NMTPL Number Number of medium size tubers (? 0.5kg and <1 kg) per plant Medium size tubers per plant Scoring the most frequent flower sex type when more than 50% of the plants are flowered Plant or flower sex-Estimation BoilYamHdCrum Property of the product to crumble or break between the fingers Boiled yam crumbness Boiled root Crumbness in hand 1-4 scale Determination of predominant canopy architecture Canopy architecture - Estimation 50% flowering time - Estimation Record time (date) 50% plants in a plot are having at least one flower/inflorescence Texture of boiled yam-Estimation Sensory test of how soft or hard, smooth or lumpy when boiled yam sensed during mastication in mouth or feeling with hand Observe relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by yam anthracnose disease and record the severity as a proportion or percentage of plant surface affected.It is visual score in scale under screenhouse, artificial inoculation or under field natural infestation. For artificial inoculation use a suspension of three most virulent strains of Colletothrichum gloeosporioides and inoculate the plants raised from vine cutting in vertical sack or other means by spraying. For natural infestation, scores can be taken 10 to 12 weeks after planting and second scoring about 4-6 weeks before harvesting . Artificial inoculation should be scored at 3 days after inoculation(DAI) , and repeated at 7DAI, 11DAI and 15DAI Anthracnose severity - Estimation Tuber flesh color Tuber flesh uniformity Uniformity of tuber flesh surface color in longitudinal section Record the texture of tuber flesh using scale Tuber flesh texture-Estimation Feel the taste of boiled yam in mouth and make sensory score using scale how pleasing to the taste Taste of boiled yam-Estimation Times to 50% spout emergence-Computation Compute the number of days required from date of planting to the date 50% of sprouts or plants in a plot emerged Canopy Growth cycle length Growth cycle length Time between 5% emergence and 95% senescence Count the number of aerial tubers or vine bulbils produced per net plot. Number of bulbil - Counting A proportion of sown true (botanical) seed which germinate and produce seedling Seed germination rate Seed germination rate germRate Nodes carrying cataphylles - Counting Compute the average of the number of nodes carrying cataphylles on the main stem of 5 plants choosen randomly Tuber hairiness Tuber hairiness Presence of secondary roots on the tuber bark RTBS Corm type-Estimation Record the corm type as regular, transversally elongated or brached using scale Leaf hairiness Hairiness of leaf surface hairiness Leaf llfhair 1-5 scale Number of germinated seedling-Counting Record the number of germinated seedlings per cross or family Tuber surface appearance - Estimation Observe the appearance of roots, thones and srout buds on surface of harvested tubers and make visual score using scale Stickness scale 0-10 Total tuber yield nonadjusted tons per hectare yield TTYNA Total tuber yield Tuber Measure the width of at most five medium size tubers (?500 gm and <1kg )from net plot at wider portion of the tuber using calliper or measuring tape and record the average Width of medium size tubers-Computation Rotten tubers in a plot number-counting Count the number of rotten and/or diseased tubers in effective plot Observe and record fresh cut tuber flesh surface color at the tail portion of the tuber at harvesting time. Tuber flesh color lower or tail portion- Estimation 0-7 scale architecture Canopy architecture Canarc Canopy Organisation or structural arrangements of branchs and leaves distribution giving a specific shape to the above ground part of the plant Small size tubers per plant Number NSTPL Number of small size tubers ( <0.5kg) per plant Small tuber Fibrousness of pounded yam Presence of fiber strands fbrpdym Presenceof ?ber strands Pounded yam Record of the existance of colored spot at base of spines on a sprout (vine) Colored spots on spine base-Estimation Smoothness of pounded yam smthpdym Smoothness Smoothnessof the material, i.e., absence of lumps Pounded yam BoilYamHdStick Stickness in hand Boiled yam stickness Boiled root Property related to the adhesion of the product between the fingers Number Fruit per cross Nfrts Quantity of developed fruits per crosses Fruit developed number Period from planting to 5% emergence Computation of the necessary time before 5% emergence using after-fitting inverse regression of log-logistic time-to-event modeling of weekly sprout counts expressed in days after planting Proportion of emerged plants Proportion Plant or sprout Proportion of plants /sprouts emerged in a plot PPE Aroma of boiled yam-Estimation Assess the small or odour the boiled yam that sensed at the nose before the yam reaches mouth and make sensory score using scale how appetizing or appealing the boiled yam to eat Number of internode-computation Compute average number of internodes to first branching of at least five plants internode counts taken in a plot Length of big size tubers-Computation Measure the length of at most five big size tubers (?1kg) from base to tip in a net plot at harvest and record the average Granuliness in mouth Refers to the presence of small grains during chewing Boiled yam granuleness BoilYamMthGran Boiled root Compute by dividing fresh weight measurement of big size tubers taken to the number of harvested plants in a net plot Big size yam fresh weight per plant- computation Prtbs Position of appearance of roots at surface of tubers Tuber Place of roots on tubers Roots position Growing degree days to maturity-Estimation Compute number of growing degree days required from planting (or 50% emergence) to 50% foliage senescence or maturity. Mealybug tuber incidence - Computation Compute the proportion tubers infested with mealybugs from the total number of harvested tubers per effective plot at time of harvesting. Brownness scale 0-100 petlngth Lengh Petiole Petiole length Length of petiole Stem height - computation Measure the length or height of stem or vine of at least five mature plants in a plot using measuring tape at five to six months after sprout emergence and record the average Tuber length-Computation Compute average tuber length of all size tubers measurement taken in a net plot YamHdStic This is when the pounded yam sticks or adhere to the fingers when it is touched with fingers or during moulding into bolus for swallowing. Pounded yam Stickiness Pounded yam stickiness number of leaf Score corm status of tubers using a binary scale Corm on tubers-Estimation Tuber flesh color middle portion - Estimation Observe and record the fresh cut flesh surface color at the middle part of the tuber at harvesting time. Compute the proportion or ratio of vines cuttings survive and producing shoots from the total of planted vine cuttings Vines established-computation Count the emerged plants (sprouts) per plot every week starting from first plant/sprout emergence date till the last plant or spourt emerge in a plot Emerged sprouts -Counting 0-4 general scale Measure the width from the widest part of leaf using a measuring tape on sampled 20 adult leaves ( four leaves per plant on at leat five plants in a plot), and record the average width Leaf width - computation number of seed plant per plot Take count of well established plants in a plot usually at two months after planting Number of well established plants -Counting Granuliness 0-100 Germination rate - Computation Compute the proportion of sown true or botanical seed which germinate and produce seedling ready for transplant , usually observed at three weeks after sowing. Observe the presence or absence of cataphylle Presence of cataphylle Record time (date) when the plant does not produce more new flowers in a plot End of flowering time - Estimation GDD°C Whiteness scale 0-100 scale_of