Slightly bitter 2 Bulbil presence estimation 0&1 IITA AeTuber A. Lopez-Montes 2 moderately attractive D.Cornet Tuber flesh brownness computation Cirad A. Lopez-Montes IITA fruit set number percentage No fibers 0 Cirad D.Cornet Tuber flour sugar content computation A. Lopez-Montes Tuber dormancy period estimation IITA Dorm Internode length measurement in cm A.Amele IITA A.Amele IITA Medium tuber width computation in cm Mtbrwidth YamStr_Meas_0to10 Bolanle Otegbayo Bowen University, Nigeria Pounded yam stretchability scale 0-10 Matfrt IITA A. Lopez-Montes Fruits harvested per cross counting Plant type estimation 1-3 GH A.Amele IITA IITA Stbrwt Weight of small tubers per plot measurement in kg A.Amele D.Cornet Heterophylly presence estimation nominal 0&1 Cirad 4 Purplish green 100 Crumby tbrwidth IITA A.Amele Average tuber width computation in cm 1 Rough A.Amele Medium tubers per plot counting number IITA A.Amele Small tuber width computation in cm IITA Stbrwidth FLRI Flowering intensity estimation 0-9 IITA A. Lopez-Montes Boiled yam odour scale 0-100 FSA-UAC, BÈnin Laurent Adinsi Dayaetbrin Times to bulbil initiation computation A.Amele IITA Petiole length measurement in cm A.Amele IITA Not sticky 3 Separability of corm estimation binary 0&1 cormsep A.Amele IITA Creamy white 2 IITA Tuber flesh texture estimation 1-3 A.Amele IITA Tuber yield adjusted computation in t/ha A.Amele IITA Aetbrshap Shape of bulbil estimation 1-4 A.Amele A.Amele IITA Leaf apex shape estimation 1-3 Con_Taste_PY Taste estimation 1-5 IITA A. Lopez-Montes Flowering time estimation in yy/mm/dd IITA DtFFlr A.Amele Bowen University, Nigeria YamHar_Meas_0to10 Bolanle Otegbayo Pounded yam hardness scale 0-10 IITA A.Amele Leaf density estimation 1-7 Yes 1 Boiled yam taste estimation 1-5 scale IITA Taste_BY A.mele YamStic_Meas_0to10 Bolanle Otegbayo Bowen University, Nigeria Pounded yam stickness scale 0-10 Cirad D.Cornet Emergence vigor computation in number of days between 5% and 95% sprouts emergence IITA A. Lopez-Montes Mealybug incidence computation % M_Bi A.mele Appearance_PY IITA Pounded yam appearance estimation 1-3 scale Very sticky 10 Tuber shape estimation 1-4 TUBSHA IITA A. Lopez-Montes 0 Not granular Yellowish 1 Total tuber weight per plot computation in kg A.Amele IITA 0 Absent IITA Young leaf color estimation 1-5 A.Amele Absent 0 Btl_S Leaf beetle damage severity estimation in 1-5 A. Lopez-Montes IITA D.Cornet Tuber flesh color gradient computation Cirad 0 Easy to cut 2 Pale green R_Kni IITA A. Lopez-Montes Root knot nematode incidence computation % Pollination type estimation 1-4 A.Amele Pollmech IITA 3 Late (75% of the plants in a plot with still green foliage but few plants (upto 25% plants in a plot) showing up to 25% of leaves senescence IITA A. Lopez-Montes Tuber size estimation 1-3 TUBSIZE YamMoul_Meas_0to10 Bowen University, Nigeria Pounded yam mouldability scale 0-10 Bolanle Otegbayo TDMC IITA A. Lopez-Montes Dry matter content percentage IITA Big tuber average weight computation in kg A.Amele IITA SECSP Secondary sprouting estimation nominal 0&1 A.Amele Foliage senescence time estimation in yy/mm/dd DateHS A.Amele IITA Spines on sprout presence estimation nominal 0&1 A.Amele IITA Time to first leaf emergence computation A.Amele IITA D.Cornet Tuber flour protein content computation Cirad IITA Maturity time estimation GGD A.Amele Presence of tuber dry rot estimation in 0&1 A.Amele IITA Seeds set/fruit computation IITA A. Lopez-Montes IITA yam starch breakdown RVT A.Amele Tuber flour starch content computation Cirad D.Cornet Stem color estimatiion 1-5 A.Amele IITA Intensity of tuber flesh oxidation computation Cirad D.Cornet 7 High Canopy IITA A. Lopez-Montes Canopy architecture estimation 1-4 slighty irregular 3 Bowen University, Nigeria Bolanle Otegbayo Pounded yam smoothness scale 0-10 YamSmot_Meas_0to10 Boiled yam chewingness scale 0-100 FSA-UAC, BÈnin Laurent Adinsi IITA Fruit set number estimation 1-3 FRTINT A. Lopez-Montes Virus incidence computation % IITA A. Lopez-Montes VRSI Appearance_BY Boiled yam appearance estimation 1-5 scale A.mele IITA Tbets Tuber beetle severity estimation in 1-5 IITA A. Lopez-Montes Seed index computation 0 to 1 A.Amele IITA Leaf shape estimation 1-7 IITA A.Amele Tuber thorniness estimation 0&1 A. Lopez-Montes IITA Thorn Upper surface vein color estimation 1-4 A.Amele IITA 4 76-100% tuber skin showing symptoms A.Amele IITA Times to fruit maturity computation in days DFM Big tuber yield adjusted computation in t/ha A.Amele IITA 2 Off-white Vine cuttings planted count A.Amele IITA A.Amele IITA Number of leaves per plant count FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam bitter after taste 0-100 Laurent Adinsi Boiled yam black spots presence scale 0-100 FSA-UAC, BÈnin Laurent Adinsi TBR_Hairy Hairiness of tuber estimation 1-3 IITA A. Lopez-Montes 5 Medium (50% of the plants are still green or on the onset of senescence. Only 50% plants in a plot with 25% of the leaves showing senescence or slight yellowing 1-25% tuber skin showing symptoms 1 FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam fibrousness scale 0-100 Laurent Adinsi A.Amele IITA Established plants counting/plot Estbp-N End of seeds germination time estiamtion in yy/mm/dd A.Amele IITA DAEGR Mealybug severity estimation in 1-5 A. Lopez-Montes IITA M_Bs IITA A. Lopez-Montes Pollinated florets counting 0 Non sticky Pounded yam colour scale 1-9 Bolanle Otegbayo Bowen University, Nigeria YamCol_Meas_1to9 Boiled yam crumbness scale 0-100 FSA-UAC, BÈnin Laurent Adinsi IITA A.Amele Seeds sown/family counting Rot_Wt IITA Weight of rotten/diseased tubers per plot measurement in kg A. Lopez-Montes 26-50% tuber skin showing symptoms 2 Aetubwtp A.Amele IITA Bulbil weight per plot measurement in kg Leaf beetle damage incidence computation % Btl_I A. Lopez-Montes IITA A.Amele IITA Scale insect infestation estimation 0-2 A.Amele Bulbils per plant computation IITA Aetbrpl Sprout length measurement in cm A.Amele SPRTL IITA 4 like Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam bitterness 0-100 Big tuber width computation in cm Btbrwidth A.Amele IITA A.Amele 50% sprout emergence time estimation in yy/mm/dd IITA DtFemer DM A.Amele IITA Time to 50% foliage senescence computation in days Pounded yam texture estimation 1-3 scale A.mele IITA Txt_PY Stem height measurement in m A.Amele IITA 100 Present 0 Non flowering Cirad D.Cornet Earliness of emergence computation in number of days from planting to 50% sprouts emergence Ratiosp A.Amele, A. Lopez-Mentes Proportion of emerged plants (sprouts) computation/% IITA Spine base color estimation nominal 0&1 A.Amele IITA Number of branches per plant count A.Amele IITA A.Amele IITA Total tuber yield computation in t/ha TubYld 7 Profuse (plant producing many more flowers mostly 30 to 50 inflorescences per plant) IITA Foliage senescence time computation in days DAYHS A. Lopez-Montes IITA Average tuber weight computation in kg A.Amele A.Amele IITA Leaf width measurement in cm Cirad Crop vigor computation in days from median emergence to 80% of maximum ground cover D.Cornet A. Lopez-Montes Tuber flesh color upper portion estimation 1-9 IITA Flcolr_head Cirad Tuber flesh yellowness computation D.Cornet 3 Neither like nor dislike 4 Purple Average tuber length measurement in cm A.Amele IITA TBRL IITA A. Lopez-Montes stnp Stems per plant computation per plant Plant vigor estimation 1-3 IITA A. Lopez-Montes PLNV A.Amele IITA Corm estimation binary 0&1 IITA sder A. Lopez-Montes Seedling establishment rate percentage Oval 2 5 like extremely Stem diameter computation in mm A.Amele stemdim IITA Mtbrwt A.Amele Weight medium tubers per plot measurement in kg IITA 3 Neither like nor dislike A. Lopez-Montes Aetbrp Bulbils per plot count IITA IITA Seedling survival rate percentage A.Amele 10 Mouldable IITA Sprout hairiness estimation nominal 0&2 A.Amele 100 Brown IITA A.mele pounded yam color estimation 1-5 scale Color_PY Stickiness estimation 1-3 Con_Stick_PY A. Lopez-Montes IITA A. Lopez-Montes virus severity estimation in 1-5 VRSS IITA End of flowering time computation in days Dayendflr IITA A. Lopez-Montes IITA Spines on stem estimation 0-2 A.Amele 100 Fibers 0 No flower or bud. No inflorescence and not flowering at all Boiled yam texture estimation 1-5 scale A.mele Txt_BY IITA 5 like extremely A.Amele Tuber thorniness intensity estimation 0-7 IITA like 4 A. Lopez-Montes IITA Aetbrin Bulbil initiation time estimation in yy/mm/dd A.Amele Intensity of tuber flesh oxidation estimation 0-3 IITA A.Amele IITA Total tubers per plot computation Monoecious male (m>f) 3 A.mele Boiled yam color estimation 1-5 scale Color_BY IITA Cirad Duration of heterophyllic period computation in days after planting D.Cornet 1 dislikeextremely A. Lopez-Montes GR IITA Seed germination rate percentage Twining habit estimation 0-1 IITA TWNH A.Amele Fiber estimation 1-2 A.Amele IITA A.Amele fflrab IITA Female flowering intensity per spike estimation 1-4 FSA-UAC, BÈnin Laurent Adinsi Boiled yam stickness scale 0-100 Purple 5 IITA Leaf position estiamtion 1-3 A.Amele 0 Very soft Cohesiveness estimation 1-3 A.Amele IITA 5 Moderate (producing some flowers mostly 10-29 inflorescences per plant) A.Amele First inflorescence initiation time computation IITA IITA A. Lopez-Montes Dayflrin Fower initiation time computation in days A. Lopez-Montes No_stdh Plant stand harvested count IITA First inflorescence initiation time estimation in yy/mm/dd A.Amele IITA A. Lopez-Montes IITA AetbrYld Bulbil yield estimation in t/ha IITA Upper surface leaf hairiness estimation 0-2 A.Amele IITA A.Amele Flowering time computation in days DF Seeds germination start time estimation in yy/mm/dd IITA DAFGR A.Amele 0 no oxidization A.Amele Total tuber weight per plant computation in kg IITA Symptom on >51% of the plant. Coalesced spots with dry tissue and covering a signifcant proprotion of the leaf surface. Areas with less than 1 cm width are coalescing to bigger spots also. Yellowing of green tissue is intense around the spots areas. 4 Low (flowering is scare with the presence of few flowers mostly less than 10 inflorescences per plant) 3 IITA A.Amele Lower surface leaf hairiness estimation 0-2 0 Absent 3 Neither like nor dislike DtFlrin Flower initiation time estimation in yy/mm/dd A. Lopez-Montes IITA IITA A. Lopez-Montes S_Bri Tuber dry rot incidence computation in % 0 Not mooldable Not crumby 0 Weight of small tuber per plant computation kgplant A.Amele IITA 3 Low IITA Big tuber length computation in cm A.Amele FrtN Fruits developed per cross counting IITA A. Lopez-Montes slightly sticky 2 Senescence period duration computation in days between 5 and 95% senescence Cirad D.Cornet A.Amele IITA Big tubers per plant computation Many thorns or spines on tuber surface 7 1 Present IITA Smoothness estimation 1-3 A.Amele Cirad Tuber flesh whiteness computation D.Cornet IITA A. Lopez-Montes AnthracInc yam anthracnose disease incidence computation % Flesh oxidation color estimation 1-4 A.Amele IITA IITA Number of dry rot tubers count A.Amele D.Cornet Cirad Senescence earliness computation in days from median emergence to 5% senescence 1 Smooth Big lumps 0 FSA-UAC, BÈnin Laurent Adinsi Boiled yam hardness scale 0-100 1 Few Aroma_PY A.mele IITA pounded yam aroma estimation 1-5 scale SETW Weight of planted tubers computation/ gm A. Lopez-Montes IITA End of flowering time estimation in yy/mm/dd DtendFlr IITA A. Lopez-Montes Off white 0 Extremely pofuse (plant producing with abundant flowring mostly more than 50 inflorescences per plant) 9 SPCOLO Sprout color estimation 1-5 IITA A. Lopez-Montes A.Amele IITA Medium size tuber length computation in cm IITA A. Lopez-Montes Root knot nematode severity estimation in 1-5 R_kns No purple 0 dislikeextremely 1 Tubers planted counting/plot A.Amele Sett-N IITA Boiled yam purpleness scale 0-100 FSA-UAC, BÈnin Laurent Adinsi highly oxidizing 3 Granular 100 IITA A.Amele Weight of big tubers per plot measurement in kg Btbrwt IITA NRDT Rotten tubers per plot counting number A.Amele Estbp-ratio IITA Field establishment rate compuation in % A.Amele Long (More than 50% of the tubers sprouted at three month after harvesting time) 4 IITA Fruit maturity time estimation in yy/mm/dd A.Amele 0 Abesnt Sticky 100 Male flower 1 A.Amele Leaf length measurement in cm IITA Fruit index computation 0 to 1 IITA A.Amele 5 like extremely Tuber surface texture estimation 1-2 A. Lopez-Montes IITA Absent 0 0 absence Tbrflcolr Tuber flesh color measurement A.Amele IITA 7 brownish white 1 slightly oxidizing Time to 50% foliage senescence estimation in yy/mm/dd A.Amele DATS IITA A.Amele IITA Corm type estimation 1-3 Cormtype 3 Grey A.Amele frtform IITA Fruit setting estimation 0&1 NPOLS IITA Pollinated spikes counting A. Lopez-Montes A.Amele Vine cutting establishment rate percentage IITA 1 very bitter True seeds harvested/cross counting A.Amele Botseed IITA No 0 Tuber beetle incidence computation % IITA Tbeti A. Lopez-Montes Senescence class estimation 1-9 A.Amele MatC IITA Cirad Maximum ground cover computation in % D.Cornet dislike 2 A.Amele IITA Springness estimation 1-2 Strepdym IITA Tuber oxidation estimation 1-3 Oxid A.Amele 0 No symptoms Growth cycle length computation in days between 5% emergence and 95% senescence Cirad D.Cornet 4 Irregular Boiled yam sweetness 0-100 FSA-UAC, BÈnin Laurent Adinsi 5 Cream A.Amele IITA Corm size estimation 1-3 Cormsize 100 Pure white 2 dislike D.Cornet Cirad Tuber color uniformity computation Boiled yam whiteness scale 0-100 FSA-UAC, BÈnin Laurent Adinsi 100 High 3 Anthracnose symptoms covering ~26 t0 ~50% of the plant. One or two spots of more than 1 cm diameter width, and dry tissue on the leaf surface. Small dark and no dried spots with more than 1 cm width, are present like extremely 5 IITA Fruit harvest time estimation in yy/mm/dd A.Amele Mature leaf color estimation 1-5 IITA A.Amele D.Cornet Latency period duration computation in number of days from planting to 5% sprouts emergence Cirad Appearance of tuber surface estimation 1-4 A. Lopez-Montes IITA 0 Difficult Hairy (few scattered or many roots in the surface of the tuber) 2 4 like IITA Small size tuber length computation in cm A.Amele Weight of medium tubers per plant computation kgplt A.Amele IITA IITA Lower surface vein color estimation 1-4 A.Amele strong or hard or lumpy 1 IITA A.Amele Number of internodes to first branching computation/plot IITA Seeds germinated counting A.Amele Internode length computation in cm A.Amele IITA INODL IITA A.Amele AetbrwtPl Bulbil yield per plant measurement in kg A. Amele Twining direction estimation 1-2 IITA 3 Thorny (small prominences ending in a small thorn) A. Lopez-Montes IITA Tuber flesh color lower portion estimation 1-9 Flcolr_tail Severe necrosis and death of the plant. Coalesced spots with dry tissue more than 1.5 cm of diameter and covering a great proprotion of the leaf surface. Yellowing of the gree tissue is generalised in the leaf blade. 5 IITA Root position estimation 1-4 A.Amele Big tuber yield computation in t/ha IITA A. Lopez-Montes D.Cornet Tuber flesh color computation Cirad 5 highly irregular 5 Medium stickiness intermediate 2 A.Amele Small tubers per plant compuatation IITA Tuber flesh color middle portion estimation 1-9 A. Lopez-Montes Flcolr_middle IITA A.Amele Emerdt IITA First sprout emergence time estimation in yy/mm/dd IITA Small tubers per plot counting number A.Amele 3 few thorns or spines on tuber surface Absence of lumps 10 100 Easy 3 Neutral 1 Spherical Crossing date esimation in yy/mm/dd A.Amele Polldate IITA 3 soft or smooth Brown 9 3 51-75% tuber skin showing symptoms 100 Present IITA Total tubers per plant computation A.Amele 1 dislikeextremely A. Lopez-Montes yam anthracnose disease severity estimation in 1-5 IITA AnthracSev IITA A. Lopez-Montes S_Brs Tuber dry rot severity estimation 0-4 8 Light brown A.Amele Stem hairiness estimation 0-2 IITA A.mele Boiled yam aroma estimation 1-5 scale IITA Aroma_BY 2 dislike 6 creamy 3 oxidizes more than 3 minutes Few anthracnose spots or sysmptoms on 1 t0 ~25% of the plant. One or two spots of less than 1 cm diameter width, and dry tissue on the leaf surface 2 Intermediate 5 flcol_uni Uniformity of tuber flesh color estimation binary 0&1 A.Amele IITA 3 Yellow 5 Medium stretchability 0 Not sticky IITA DyFemer 50% sprout emergence time computation in days A.Amele 4 Fully smooth 5 Purplish white Laurent Adinsi Boiled yam granuleness 0-100 FSA-UAC, BÈnin female flower 2 flrsex Plant sex estimation 0-4 A.Amele plntsex IITA IITA Big tubers per plot counting number A.Amele 10 Very stretchable 4 like 1 sticky A.Amele Fruit setting time estimation in yy/mm/dd IITA Bitter 100 3 Dark green D.Cornet Starch grain size computation Cirad Yellow 7 presence 1 1 White First leaf emergence time estimation in yy/mm/dd A.Amele IITA Light grey 4 White 1 Fruit development status estimation 1-2 A.Amele IITA 1 regular 1 oxidizes less than a minure sweet 4 Number of nodes carrying cataphylles before first true leaf counting/plant D.Cornet Cirad FSA-UAC, BÈnin Laurent Adinsi Boiled yam brownness scale 0-100 Emerged plants counting/plot A.Amele IITA First sprout emergence time computation in days A.Amele Emerday IITA Crop cover compactness computation D.Cornet Cirad A.Amele Inflorescence type estimation IITA 3 very attractive Crazy roots presence estimation 0&1 IITA A.Amele 6 Light yellow IITA Tuber surface crack estimation 0-3 A.Amele No visible symptoms of anthracnose disease or infection spot on the leaf surface 1 A.Amele MTWPL IITA Weight of big tubers per plant measurement in kg 1 Very Late (all the plants in a plot still show green foliage (green leaf and vine) 2 oxidizes between 1 and 2 minure after cutting Low 0 IITA Medium tubers per plant computation A.Amele Yam ontology not attractive 1 8 deep purple Sweet 100 acronym attribute 0 No brown 4 Monoecious female(f>m) 10 Very hard 5 Medium mouldability very sweet 5 no thorns or spines on tuber surface 0 100 Purple aborted flower. Presence of small or rudimentary inflorescences/flowers that can show an abortion or abscission point at joint of the pedicel 1 2 Rough entity 9 orange 0 Not streachable 9 very early (The plants are completely senescent, yellowing is complete and uniform (both leaves and vines 100% senescence) 0 Absent Difficult to cut 100 Cylindrical 3 2 Many early (The plants have senescent foliage (75% of the plants in a plot with 50% leaves showing sign of yellowing but the vines still green) 7 1-4 scale Dry rot severity Tuber Yam tuber dry rot severity Dryrot Dry rot caused by nematodes (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) in tubers at harvest Cracks on tuber surface Cracks Tuber CTBRS Tuber cracks Observe the optical color or pigementation of pounded yam and make visual score using scale how acceptable or appealing on table or plate to eat Color of pounded yam-Estimation NSTP Small size tubers per plot Number Number of small size tubers that weighing <0.5kg in a net plot or unit area Small tuber plants per plot Stretchability scale 0-10 Score the length oxidation (from head) and the length tuber and record the oxidation length / length tuber ratio Flesh oxidation - computation Proportion of emerged plants PPE Proportion of plants /sprouts emerged in a plot Plant or sprout Proportion Score the degree of fruit development in scale Fruit development intensity-Estimation Softness is when it is quite easy to compress the sample, while hardness is when force is used to compress the sample or takes effort to compress the sample YamHdHar Hardness Pounded yam Pounded yam hardness Odour method Take a whiff and evaluate the intensity of yam odour Number of true seed harvested or obained per cross or family True seed Number Tsdh True seeds harvested Period from planting to median emergence Computation of inflection point value using log-logistic time-to-event modeling of weekly sprout counts expressed in days after planting Compute the number of days required for 50% of the plants in a plot showing foliage senescence Time to 50% foliage senescence time - Computation Refers to the presence of fine fibers between the fingers and visible to the eye BoilYamHdFibr Fibrousness in hand Boiled root Boiled yam fibrousness Average tuber weight Weight ATW Tuber Average tuber weight in kg Compute the average of the number of nodes carrying cataphylles on the main stem of 5 plants choosen randomly Nodes carrying cataphylles - Counting Bulbil presence Presence of bulbil Aerial tuber Presence of bulbils or aerial tubers in the nodes of the vines Bulbil Pounded yam The degree of whiteness of the pounded yam sample like a plain white paper or white flip chart/colour of boiled egg albumen, or Colour of the pounded yam comparable to that of Soymilk or “Eba” from white “Gaari”, or colour of Pounded yam comparable to that of greyness covering a boiled egg yolk, or colour of pounded yam, or colour of pounded yam comparable to that of evaporated liquid milk such as Peak milk, or colour of pounded yam comparable to boiled egg yolk that is light in colour, or colour of Pounded yam comparable to deep colour of Yellow maize, or colour of Pounded yam comparable to the colour whole wheat meal or colour of Pounded yam comparable to the colour of carton paper. Colour Pounded yam colour YamCol Time to 50% foliage senescence TIMsen Plant Time when 50% of the plants in a plot are showing signs of foliage senescence 50% Senescence time Compute number of days required from sprout emergence to 50% of plants in a plot start forming bulbils or aerial tubers Bulbil initiation time - Computation Tuber flesh yellow index computation from standardized image L*a*b* values Compute the yellow index based on the flesh surface color of tuber longitudinal section using image analysis with a color correction based on a custom color chart Compute the proportion or ratio of plants/sprouts emerged as the number of emerged plants/sprouts divided by the total number of tubers (seed yam or setts) planted in a plot multiplied by 100 Emerged sprouts or plants proportion-Computation Observe the type of inflorescence and score it Inflorescence type-Estimation RKNSev Root knot nematode severity Tuber Root knot nematode severity Root knot severity caused by Meloidogyne spp. Total tuber weight per plant weight TTWPL Tuber Total fresh weight of all category or size tubers per plant First emergence time First sprout emergence time Time to the first sprout (plant) emerge in a plot Plant or sprout TIMFSE Tuber beetle severity or intensity estimated usually as number of nymph present in tubers at harvesting time. Tuber beetle severity - Estimation Times 90% of fruits attain physiological maturity Maturity time TIMFrtM Time to fruit maturity Fruit TastePndedYam Taste of pounded yam taste Pounded yam Taste of pounded yam when eaten without any additional complementary food tuber number/plant Canopy Growth cycle length Time between 5% emergence and 95% senescence Growth cycle length number of fruits 1-3 general scale Pounded yam aroma aroma arompoundedyam Pouned yam The sense of smell or odor of pounded yam that reaches the nose before eating or the pounded yam reaches the mouth Germination rate - Computation Compute the proportion of sown true or botanical seed which germinate and produce seedling ready for transplant , usually observed at three weeks after sowing. color Browness of the Tuber flesh colour The surface browness of the yam tuber flesh Tuber flesh Viruses infection incidence - Computation Compute the proportion of virus symptomatic individuals or their parts or commonly the portion of plant units in a plot. Take virus incidence recording thrice: First inspection at 8 to 10 weeks after planting and second inspection after 4 to 6 weeks after first inspection for virus symptoms and the third and final inspection 4 to 6 weeks after the second inspection . Computing the number of days required from 50% of sprout emergence to when plant does not produce more new flowers. End of flowering time - Computation µm Compute the number of days required from fruit set to fruit phyisological maturity Fruit maturity time - Computation Brownness scale 0-100 Weight AWBT Big tuber Average weigth of big size tuber Average weight of big size tubers in kg Stem diameter of a mature plant (5 to 6 month old plant) STMDM Stem diameter diameter Stem Number of bulbils or aerial tubers produced Bulbpl Number of bulbil Aerial tuber Number Tuber Tuber surface look in relation to presence or absence of roots, thorns and sprouted buds on the tuber surface Tuber appearance Appearance Tbrappr Put the product between the molars and mash it to assess the number of chews before swallowing Texture in the mouth method Hairiness of tuber bark - Estimation Record the intensity of tuber hairs or secondary roots on the surface of harvested tubers Stmht Stem height Stem Height or the length of stem height Score the distance to which the deformed material can be or degree of stretchabiliy pounded yam in intesity scale Springiness of pounded yam-Estimation Determination of predominant size of the tuber in the entire family Tuber size - Estimation 1-3 scale Visually inspect sample surface Appearance method G.Arnau Tuber shape quantitative computation Cirad Boiled yam easiness to chew Property related to the number of chews necessary to swallow the product Boiled root BoilYamMthChew Ease of chewing yield Total tuber yield Total tuber yield nonadjusted tons per hectare Tuber TTYNA Latency before emergence Elapsed time between planting date and date of 5th percentile emergence sprouts in a plot Sprout Period duration from planting to first sprouts emergence Seeds germinated sdgerm Quanity of sown true (botanical) seeds germinated per cross or family Number Seed germinated Compute the number of days required to first inflorescence emergence in a plot First inflorescence time - Compuation Number of true seeds sown-counting Record the number of true seeds sown per cross or family Microscopy image analysis Microscopy (10x) image analysis of iodin colored yam tuber flour (0.5mm) NFrtSet Intensity or proportion of fruit set or development under open or controlled pollination. Fruit set Proportion Fruit set number Visual assessment of the plant vigour in a plot at two month after planting Plant Vigor - Estimation Yield of vine bulbils or aerial tubers harvest Bulbil yield Bulbyld Yield Aerial tuber 1-2 scale Leaf length lflngth Length of leaf Leaf length Averaged crop cover compactness over two subplots images around time of 50% of maximum ground cover. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Time at 50% of maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Images choosen as near as possible of date of time at 50% of maximum growth . Compactness computed as the ration between ground cover area (pixels) and its respective convex hull area (pixels). Ratio between subplot ground cover area and its respective convex hull area - Computation Vine cuttings planted -counting Count the numeber vine cuttings planted Pounded yam appearance Pounded yam apppoundedyam appearance The optical appearance of pouned yam related with surface glossy or dullness and light scattering power of pounded yam structure Seedling tranplant survival rate-computation Compute the proportion of seedlings survived or established well after transplant operation Observe the regularity of tuber shape in visual scale Mouldability scale 0-10 Shape regularity - estimation Grade of reaction of the plant to the viruses infection, varying from mottle, mosaics until total leaves deformation VirusSev Plant Virus severity Virus severity number of seed Record the weight of medium size ( ? 500 gm and <1 kg) tubers in a net plot Medium size tubers fresh weight per plot -measurement Stems per plant number Number of stems (vines) with leaves and branches per plant Nstem Stem BoilYamSweet Basic light sugary taste like a little glucose or sucrose in water solution Sweetness Boiled root Boiled yam sweetness Record date the last seed germination observed per cross or family Date end of seed germination-Estimation Record time (date) when the plant does not produce more new flowers in a plot End of flowering time - Estimation Calculated as total tuber weight per plot divided by total number of tubers per plot Average tuber weight -computation Record time (date) of first flower initiation in a plot or the date any of the plants in a plot shows the first flower Flower initaition time - Estimation Tuber dormancy period TubDorm Tuber dormancy period Tuber Dormancy period Averaged maximum ground cover over two subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Maximum ground cover computed from ground cover dynamic modeled using time to event Beta Growth model. Subplot maximum ground cover from weekly image analysis - Computation uniteless 1-5 general scale NIRS model prediction - computation Prediction of sugar content using NIRS spectra (FOSS 6500) of tuber flour sample Leaf shape-Estimation Record leaf shape of mature plants in a plot Compute the ratio of pollinated florets developing mature fruits Fruit index Root knot nematode incidence Root knot nematode damage incidence Tuber RKNInc Root knot incidence caused by Meloidogyne spp. plant per plot Total tubers per plant-computation Compute as the total number of tubers in a net plot divided by the number of harvested plant per net plot Pounded yam Fibrousness of pounded yam Presence of fiber strands fbrpdym Presenceof ?ber strands Root knot nematode incidence - Computation Compute the proportion tubers showing root knot nematode symptoms from the total number of harvested tubers in effective plot Averaged senescence period duration expressed in days between 5 and 95% senescence (i.e. 95% and 5% of maximum ground cover after time to maximum ground cover) in two subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Time at 95% and 5% of maximum growth after time at maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Duration between 5 and 95% senescence of subplot - Computation Bitterness after taste 0-100 Bitterness after taste BoilYamBitteraft Boiled yam bitter after taste Boiled root During chewing, bitter taste after swallowing, eg there is a light bitter aftertaste Tuber Exsistence of thorns on the tuber surface Thorniness Tuber thorniness Thorn Plant Reaction of the total plants per plot to the virus infection, producing yellow mottle, mosaic and leaves deformation Virus incidence Virus incidence VirusInc Cirad Texture in the hand stretchabilitymethod Flesh oxidation quantitative computation The pounded yam is touched and pulled apart with the fingers G.Arnau Bulbil yield (Plot weight) - Measurement Record the fresh weight of harvested bulbil or aerial tuber per net plot Assess the fruit number as fruiting intensity in categorical scale when more than 50% of the plants set fruits Fruit set number - Estimation Hairiness of leaf surface hairiness llfhair Leaf hairiness Leaf Hardness scale 0-100 Medium size tuber weight per plant Weight of medium size tuber yam per plant WMTPL Medium tuber weight Record the presence or absence of thorns or spines on the tuber skin in visual scale Tuber thorniness - Estimation Total tuber yield adjusted-computation Computed as total tubers weight per plant multiplied by planting density and result divided by 1000 Fruit index Fruit index is an estimation of pollinated flowers developing physiologically mature fruits Fruit fruiting ratio Tubtlsev Tuber beetle severity Tuber beetle severity Severity of tuber beetle damage. Tuber Compute the ∆E2000 bewteen mean tuber flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values at cutting and 15 minutes latter Color difference bewteen mean tuber flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values at cutting and 15 minutes latter Plant Anthracnose incidence caused by the pathogen Colletotricum gloeosporioides. % of anthracnose ?blight? or leaf spotaffected plants in a plot YADI Anthracnose incidence Yam anthracnose disease incidence Internode length length Intndlngth Internode length Stem internode Earliness of emergence Elapsed time between planting date and date of 50% emergence sprouts in a plot Period duration from planting to 50% sprout emergence Sprout Time to all plants in a plot or unit area show full or complete foliage senescence TIMfsen Plant Senescence time Foliage senescence time FrtDev Status of fruit development Fruit Fruit development status on monoecious and female flower of dioeciouse yam plant status Vine Twining direction twining direction twndir Twining direction Aerial tuber Time to bulbil initiation duration Bulbil initiation time TIMbulb Compute the ratio of pollinated florets developing seeds Seed index NEP Plant or sprout Number Number of emerged plants Number of an emerged plants (sprouts) in a plot Medium size tubers harvested number- counting Count the number of tubers in a plot weighing ? 500 gm and <1 kg harvested per effective plot Number of stems per plant-computation Compute average of the number of stems (vines) per established plants in a plot Pollination type-Estimation Record the method used to transfer the pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower of the same or different plant of the same species Computing the number of days required from first sprout emergence to first flower initiation Flower initaition time - Computation Length Average width of medium size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Medium size tuber width Medium tuber Mtbrwd Calculated as big size yam tuber weight per plot divided by size of effective harvest plot mutiplied by 10 Big size yam yield no adjusted- Computation Number NBTP Number of big size tubers that weighing ?1 kg in a net plot or unit area Big size tubers per plot Big tuber WBTPL Big size tuber weight per plant weight Big tuber Weight of big size tubers per plant STW Small size tubers weight per plot Small tuber Weight Weight of small size tubers ( <0.5kg ) in a net plot or unit area BTYld yield Big tuber Big size yam yield Big size tubers yield nonadjusted tons per hectare Total tubers per plant TNTPL Number of tubers harvested per plant Number Tuber variable_of germstart Time the first seed germination occurred Seed Seeds germination start time germination starting time Date (yyyymmdd) 1-5 scale Number of branchs - computation Count the number of branches above ground on at least five mature plants in a plot and record the average Canopy Time from median emergence to 5% senescence Senescence earliness Growth duration 1-7 scale Boiled yam appearance The optical appearance of boiled yam related with surface glossy or dullness and light scattering power of boiled yam structure appboiledyam Boiled yam appearance Compute the number of days required from date of planting to the date first sprout or plant in a plot or unit area emerged Times to first sprout emergence-Computation The arrangement of flowers on stem or twig of a plant Inft type Inflorescence Inflorescence type Sprout Elapsed time between time of 5th and 95th percentiles emergence sprouts in a plot Period duration from first to last sprouts emergence Emergence vigor Total tuber yield adjusted Tuber Total tuber yield adjusted tons per hectare yield TTYA Compute the proportion of anthracnose damaged individuals or their parts , commonly the portion of plant units in a plot. Count anthracnose disease ?blight? or leaf spot affected plants in plot twice (First inspection at 10 to 12 weeks post planting and second inspection after 2 to 4 weeks before harvesting ) and compute the proportion of damanged Anthracnose incidence - Estimation Tuber yield no adjusted- Computation Computed as total tuber weight per plot divided by size of net or effective harvest plot and result multiplied by 10 Size Size of corm in relation to tuber Corm Corm size corsz BTYA Big tuber Big size tuber yield adjusted yield Big size tubers yield adjusted tons per hectare architecture Canarc Organisation or structural arrangements of branchs and leaves distribution giving a specific shape to the above ground part of the plant Canopy architecture Canopy vigor Plant Vigor PVigor The vigour of the vine and leaves of the new plant. Plant G.Arnau Sample is put in the hands and moulded Texture in the hand mouldability method Cirad Shape regularity estimation 0-2 tons/ha YamHdMoul Mouldability/cohesiveness Pounded yam Pounded yam mouldability/cohesiveness Ability of the pounded yam to stick together easily without disintegrating or cohesive and being easy to mould. Stand harvested number NPH Number of plants harvested number Haversted plant Cohesiveness of pounded yam- Estimation Score the degree to which particles of a pounded yam stick together or how moldable it is using intensity scale Boiled yam bitterness Basic bitter taste like small quantity of quinine or caffeine in water Bitterness BoilYamBitt Boiled root Tuber flesh oxidation Enzymatic oxidation rate Tfoxd Tuber flesh enzymatic oxidation rate Tuber Anthracnose severity Anthracnose severity caused by the pathogen Colletotricum gloeosporioides. The reaction of plants in a plot to anthracnose infestation (blight or leaf spot) under screenhouse or in the field under natural infestation or artificial inoculation Yam anthracnose disease severity Plant YADS Tuber flesh texture-Estimation Record the texture of tuber flesh using scale 1-5 scale Boiled root Stickness in hand Boiled yam stickness BoilYamHdStick Property related to the adhesion of the product between the fingers Intoxd Intensity of tuber flesh enzymatic oxidation (degree of flesh color change or browning of cut yam tuber) Tuber Tuber flesh oxidation intensity Oxidation intensity Pounded yam Pounded yam stickiness This is when the pounded yam sticks or adhere to the fingers when it is touched with fingers or during moulding into bolus for swallowing. YamHdStic Stickiness Stem color Stem Stmcol The surface color of stem color flowering intensity Flowering intensity Plant Abundance or degree of flowering Flrint cm WSTPL Weight of small size yam per plant Small tuber Weight Small size tuber weight per plant Leaf beetle severity - Estimation Assess the leaf beetle infestation at two and five months after planting and record its severity Record the date crossing made in particular flower of a plant. Date crossing-Estimation Mean duration between fisrt emergence and first true leaf apprearance on main stem of 5 plants choosen randomly Duration from emergence to first true leaf Heterophylly duration Plant Boiled yam color Boiled yam color colbldyam Optical color or pigmentation of boiled yam Dryrot Tuber Yam tuber dry rot incidence Dry rot incidence Dry rot caused by nematodes (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) in tubers at harvest Mean color difference between average tuber flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values and tuber flesh color of individual pixel values Compute the ∆E2000 between average tuber flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values and tuber flesh color of individual pixel values kg Take count of the number of seeds set on each fruits and record the average seeds per fruit Seeds set - Comp number of florets Record the number of developed fruits or fruit set in pollinated flowers/inflorescence Fruits developed number - Counting Observe the appearance of roots, thones and srout buds on surface of harvested tubers and make visual score using scale Tuber surface appearance - Estimation Compute the number of small size tubers produced per plant using the formula number of small size tuber in a plot divided by the total number of harvested plants Small size tubers per plant-Computation Record the degree of thorns or spines on tuber surface in visual scale Tuber thorniness intensity-Estimation Compute the number of big size tubers produced per plant using the formula number of big size tuber in a plot divided by the total number of harvested plants Big size tubers per plant-computation Mealybug tuber severity - Estimation Mealybug tuber severity estimation on infested tubers at time harvesting Stickiness of pounded yam Pounded yam Stickiness The degree to which the pounded yam is adhesive or stick to the fingure, mouth surface and teeth StickPndedYam days Cracks on the tuber surface-Estimation Record appearance of cracks on tuber surface as absent, few and many Btbrleng Big size tuber length Average length of big size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Big tuber Length Duration of heterophylly period - Computing Compute the average of the period from emergence to first true leaf appearance on the main stem of 5 plants choosen randomly NVP Plant number Vine cuttings planted Vine cuttings planted Tuber Yam tuber dry rot presence Dry rot caused by nematodes (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) in tubers at harvest Dry rot presence Dryrot Ability to set or form fruts-Estimation Observe fruit setting or formation of female flowers of monoeciouse and dieciouse plants and rate the ability set for form fruits Starch grain size Size yam flour Mean starch grain size of yam tuber flour Record the corm ability to be separated from tuber in a binary scale Corm separation from tuber-Estimation Time to 50% sprouts (plants) emerge in a plot 50% emergence time Plant or sprout 50% sprout emergence time TIMSE 0-2 scale Tuber flesh color Uniformity of tuber flesh surface color in longitudinal section Tuber flesh uniformity Proportion of dry matter in the tuber. Tuber TubDMC Dry matter content Tuber dry matter content SPNAB density Intensity of spines on stem (vine) above base of mature plant (5 to 6 month old plant) Spines on stem density Spine Tuber number/plot petlngth Petiole length Petiole Length of petiole Lengh Observe the presence or absence of hairs on stem surface Hair on stem - Estimation Compute the number of days required from 50% of sprouts in plot emerged to 50% of plants in a plot are having at least one flower/inflorescence 50% flowering time - Computation Texture in the hand hardness method Tuber shape regularity Regularity of tuber shape Shape regularity Sample is pressed with the index finger Tuber Tuber cross section Utfc Tuber flesh cross-section color uniformity Uniformity of tuber flesh surface color in cross-section ( from cortex to center) color Mean number of nodes carrying cataphylles on main stem of 5 plants choosen randomly Plant Number Number of nodes carrying cataphylles After swallowing, observe the feeling or sensation of the bitter taste on the tongue and assess its intensity Taste method Rotten Tuber Weight Rotten tuber weight RDTW Weight of rotten/diseased tubers corm Corm Presence Corm on tuber Presence or absence of corm on tuber Pollinated florets number number NpollF Inflorescence Quantity of Female Flowers which has been pollinated using male flower from a monoecious or dioecious parent Length of medium size tubers-Computation Measure the length of at most five medium size tubers (?500 gm and <1kg ) from base to tip in a net plot at harvest and record the average Observe the surface of product and evaluate the frequency/number of the black points Appearance method Number of internodes to first branchs on a plant NINFB Number of internodes to first branching number Stem internode ThornInt Intensity of thorns on the tuber surface Tuber Tuber thorniness intensity Thorn or spine intesity % m Bulbil initiaition time - Estimation Record date when 50% of plants in a plot begin producing bulbils or aerial tubers Maturity class SE Foliage senescence or maturity class Senescence Plant Number Number of branches above ground Branch branch Branch number Count the number of aerial tubers or vine bulbils produced per net plot. Number of bulbil - Counting Observe the appearance (structure and pigmentation) of boiled yam and make visual score using scale how attractive or appealing on table or plate to eat Appearance of boiled yam-Estimation Tuber flesh brown index computation from standardized image L*a*b* values Compute the brown index based on the flesh surface color of tuber longitudinal section using image analysis with a color correction based on a custom color chart Compute the weight to harvested bulbils per plant Bulbil yield (fresh weight) per plant-computation Flowering intensity - Estimation Record the abundance or intesity of flowering when more than 50% of the plants are flowered in a plot Medium size yam fresh weight per plant-computation Compute by dividing fresh weight measurement of medium size tubers taken to the number of harvested plants in a net plot Record the corm type as regular, transversally elongated or brached using scale Corm type-Estimation kg/plot Proportion of plants in a plot well established (plantsgrowing with good vigour and without severe constraints) Proportion of established plants Plant Proportion STRATE Refers to the presence of small grains during chewing Boiled yam granuleness BoilYamMthGran Granuliness in mouth Boiled root 1-7 general scale Roots position Place of roots on tubers Tuber Prtbs Position of appearance of roots at surface of tubers The surface yellowness of the yam tuber flesh color Tuber flesh Yellowness of the Flesh colour Assess the color of leaf on a young plant Leaf color - Estimation Seed index seed set ratio Seed Seed index is an estimation of pollinated flowers producing seeds Tuber flesh color middle portion - Estimation Observe and record the fresh cut flesh surface color at the middle part of the tuber at harvesting time. Colored spots on spine base-Estimation Record of the existance of colored spot at base of spines on a sprout (vine) density Lfden Leaf Leaf density Variation in leaf mass of the plant Leaf density - Estimation Observe the leaf abundance or mass on a mature plant and rate the density Txf Tuber flesh texture texture Texture of tuber flesh Tuber flesh Number of germinated seedling-Counting Record the number of germinated seedlings per cross or family Record date the first seed germination observed per cross or family Time of first seed germination-Estimation rvt Record shape of bulbils or aerial tubers in scale Bulbil shape-Estimation Observe relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by virus disease and record the severity as a proportion or percentage of plant surface affected using visual five ordinal scale . Predominant severity per plot must be registered at least thrice : 8 to 10 weeks after planting, 4 to 6 weeks after first scoring and the last scoring at 4 to 6 weeks after the second scoring Viruses infection severity - Estimation Canopy Time between 5 and 95% senescence Senescence duration Senescence duration 1-5 scale Count the number of pollinated florets per female parent per cross Floret pollinated number - Counting Shape Aerial tuber Predominant shape of the bulbils Bulbsp Bulbil shape Counting the number of plants where tubers were harvested in a plot Plant harvested number - Counting Flesh oxidation Tuber flesh Sample is touched with fingers or moulded in the hands Oxidation ratio of flesh Tuber flesh oxidation Texture in the hand stickness method Assess the small or odour the pounded yam that sensed at the nose before the yam reaches mouth and make sensory score using scale how appetizing or appealing the pounded yam to eat Aroma of pounded yam-Estimation BoilYamBlackspo Refers to the presence of small black points on the surface of product Boiled root surface Black points presence Boiled yam surface black points presence Averaged crop vigor expressed in days from median emergence to 80% of maximum ground cover in subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Time at 80% of maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Duration from median emergence to 80% of maximum ground cover of subplot - Computation Twining habit-Estimation Record the tendency of vine to twine or climb Compute the white index based on the flesh surface color of tuber longitudinal section using image analysis with a color correction based on a custom color chart Tuber flesh white index computation from standardized image L*a*b* values Severity of mealybug tuber infestation. MbugSev Mealybug tuber infestation severity Mealybug tuber infestation severity Tuber HAIRSP Sprout Sprout hairiness hairiness Hairs on sprout (vines) Tuber flour sugar content content Tuber flour sugar content yam flour Establishment rate Establishment rate of seedlings Seedling Seedling Establishment rate sderat Width of medium size tubers-Computation Measure the width of at most five medium size tubers (?500 gm and <1kg )from net plot at wider portion of the tuber using calliper or measuring tape and record the average Compute the proportion or ratio of well-established plants in a plot from the total number of tubers (seed yam or setts) planted Field establishment-Computation Maximum ground cover Maximum ground cover Maximum ground cover Canopy Mode of plant to plant pollen transfer pollination type Polltyp Flower Pollination type Boiled root surface Boiled yam whiteness Whiteness BoilYamWhit Both inner and outer colour can range from light yellowish (off-white) to white (pure white) Presence of bulbil - Estimation Record the presence and absence of bulbils (aerial tubers) in the vines of yam plant Foliage senescence time - Estimation Record the date when all plants in a plot shows a sign of 100% foliage senescence Presence of secondary roots on the tuber bark RTBS Tuber hairiness Tuber hairiness Length of sprouted shoots (vines) Sprout Sprout length length Spleng Compute the number of days required from first sprout emergence to the first leaf to emerge on a sprouted shoot (vine) in a plot Times to the first leaf emergence on sprouted shoot (vines)-Computation After breaking or cutting, breaking or crumbling, evaluate the intensity of fine fibers between the fingers and visible to the eye Texture in the hand method Sensory test of how soft or hard, smooth or lumpy when boiled yam sensed during mastication in mouth or feeling with hand Texture of boiled yam-Estimation Length Btbrwd Big tuber Average width of big size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Big size tuber width BoilYamPurp Boiled root surface Purple colour tending to pink after cooking Boiled yam purpleness Purpleness Maturity time Time to maturity Length of time toward crop maturity Mat Plant Scoring the most frequent flower sex type when more than 50% of the plants are flowered Plant or flower sex-Estimation Starch breakdown-Estimation A 1.7 g portion of starch was mixed with 25 g of distilled water in the RVA sample can, after correction for the original moisture contents of the starches Score the smoothnessof the pounded yam , i.e., absence of lumps by finger feeling and using intensity scale Smoothness of pounded yam- Estimation Plant Plant type growth habit A tendency of a plant to grow in a certain shape and to attain a certain mature height and spread Plntype Tuber beetle incidence Tubtlinc Incidence of tuber beetle damage. Tuber Tuber beetle incidence Root knot nematode severity - Estimation Root knot nematode severity estimation in a range from no symptoms to highly severe galling scored in secondary roots of the plant and tubers adventitious roots. Compute the fruit set number as proportion of pollinated flowers developing or setting a fruit and expressed in % Fruit set number - Computation fflrint Flower abondance Intensity or abudance of female flowers on spikes/infloresences Female flowering intensity Emerged sprouts -Counting Count the emerged plants (sprouts) per plot every week starting from first plant/sprout emergence date till the last plant or spourt emerge in a plot Record absence or presence of spines on a sprout (vine) Spines on sprout base-estimation Leaf shape of plants Lfshp Leaf shape Leaf shape TWNH Tendency of climbing or trailling Twining habit Plant twining habit Record date when plant/s having the first inflorescence in a plot First inflorescence time - Estimation Compute the proportion tubers infested with mealybugs from the total number of harvested tubers per effective plot at time of harvesting. Mealybug tuber incidence - Computation Averaged senescence earliness expressed in days from median emergence to 5% senescence (i.e. 95% of maximum ground cover after time to maximum ground cover) in two subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Time at 95% of maximum growth after time at maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Duration from median emergence to 5% senescence of subplot - Computation Small size tubers fresh weight per plot- measurement Record the weight of small size ( < 500 gm) tubers in a net plot Hardness scale 0-10 Record the number of harvested fruits per cross Fruits harvested number - Counting 0-1 scale Time to 50% flowering Time when 50% of the plants flower in a plot Plant 50% flowering time TIMFL Internode length -computation Measure the internode length of five plants before senescence at 1 meter height and record the average 0-1 scale color Tuber flesh Tuber flesh color The surface color of the yam tuber flesh Tbrfclr Small size tubers harvested per plot number - counting Count the number of tubers in a plot weighing less than 500 gm harvested per effective plot Taste of boiled yam-Estimation Feel the taste of boiled yam in mouth and make sensory score using scale how pleasing to the taste Observe and record the fresh cut tuber flesh surface color at the head portion of the tuber at harvesting time. Tuber flesh color head portion - Estimation Corm corsep Corm separability from tuber Corm separation from tuber separation The physical attributes of boiled yam such as soft or hard/strong , smooth or lumpy when sensed by touch in mouth or with hands texture txtboiledyam Boiled yam texture Boiled yam Black spots presence scale 0-100 Time to first leaf emergence Time to the first leaf emergence on a plant or sprouted shoot (vine) in a plot TIMLE emergence time Leaf Boiled yam aroma arombldyam The sense of smell or odor of boiled yam that reaches the nose before eating or the boiled yam reaches the mouth Boiled yam aroma Number of well established plants -Counting Take count of well established plants in a plot usually at two months after planting Tuber size Tuber TbrSz Tuber size Size 1-3 scale Frtset Fruit Fruiting ability Times fruit formation or set on monoeciuse or femal flowers of dioeciouse yam plants Time to fruit setting Crossing date Date crossing or pollination attempted Plant pollination time datcross Tuber Incidence of mealybug tuber infestation. Mealybug tuber infestation incidence MbugInc Mealybug tuber infestation incidence Plant type-Estimation Visual assessment of the tendency of a plant to grow in a certain shape and to attain mature height and spread Nlfyp The number of leaves on a plant Leaf Number of leaves Number Count the number of rotten and/or diseased tubers in effective plot Rotten tubers in a plot number-counting Tuber flesh oxidation intensity-Estimation Score the intensity of tuber flesh oxidation (flesh surface color change) at different time interval (0, 30, 60, 180 minutes after cutting) using scale Weight of big size tubers ( ?1 kg) in a net plot or unit area Big size tubers weight per plot BTW Weight Big tuber Texture of pounded yam-Estimation Sensory test of how soft or hard, smooth or lumpy when pouned yam sensed during mastication in mouth or feeling with hand Seed Time last seed germination occurred germination ending time germend Seeds germination end time Count the number of pollinated spikes per female parent per cross Pollinated spike number - Estimation Stbrleng Length Average length of small size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Small size tuber length Small tuber Select at least five random whole tubers from a net plot and cut small slices (1-2 mm) from proximal, middle and distal portion and mixed thoroughly. Record fresh weight and determin dry weight of samples by drying at 70∞C for 72 h in a forced air oven. A proportion between the dry weight and the fresh weight is calculated. Tuber dry matter content - Computation Seed germination rate germination rate A proportion of sown true (botanical) seed which germinate and produce seedling Seed germRate Record the uniformity of tuber flesh cross-section color using visual scale at fresh cut during harvest Tuber flesh cross section color uniformity-estimation Measure the width of at most five big size tubers (?1kg) from net plot at wider portion of the tuber using vernier calliper or measuring tape and record the average Width of big size tubers-Computation 1-5 scale Count the number of leaves on at least five young plants in a plot at 30 days after emergence and record the average Number of Leaves - Computation Position of root appearance on tubers-Estimation Record position of appearance of roots at surface to tubers Time of first leaf emergence on sprouted shoot (vines)-Estimation Record time of the first leaf emergence on sprouted shoot (vine) TTWP Total fresh tuber weight per plot Tuber weight Total fresh weight of all category or size tubers harvested in a net plot Yam odour Boiled yam Yam flavor BoilYamOdor Odour of boiled yam Boiled root Sprout length-computation Compute the average sprout length of five representative plants measurement taken in a plot 0-3 scale Number Medium tuber Medium size tubers per plant NMTPL Number of medium size tubers (? 0.5kg and <1 kg) per plant 1-4 score Tuber Dryrot Dry rot caused by nematodes (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) in tubers at harvest Yam tuber dry rot incidence Number Leaf length - computation Measure the length from lobes to the tip using a measuring tape on sampled 20 adult leaves ( four leaves per plant and at leat five plants on a plot), and record the average length Weight Aerial tuber Bulbil weight Bulbwtp Weight of vine bulbils or aerial tubers harvest 1-9 scale Measure the length of at most five small size tubers (<500 gm) from base to tip in a net plot at harvest and record the average Length of small size tubers-Computation Tuber length-Computation Compute average tuber length of all size tubers measurement taken in a net plot Crop vigor Canopy Duration from median emergence to 80% of maximum ground cover Growth vigor Tuber length Average length of all size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Length Tuber Tbrleng bulbil/plant Survival rate Tsurvrat Seedling transplant survival rate Seedling Establishment rate of seedlings four weeks after transplanting operation Count the number of tubers (seed yams or setts) planted per plot (unit area) Tubers (seed yams or setts) planted - Counting Canopy architecture - Estimation Determination of predominant canopy architecture Computation of the necessary time before 5% emergence using after-fitting inverse regression of log-logistic time-to-event modeling of weekly sprout counts expressed in days after planting Period from planting to 5% emergence presence Appearance of crazy roots on tuber surface Crazy roots Crazy roots presence CRZROOT Color difference bewteen mean tuber head and tail flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values Compute the ∆E2000 bewteen mean tuber head and tail flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values Quantity of true seed harvested -Counting Record the total number of true seed or botanical seed harvested or obtained per cross or family Number of internode-computation Compute average number of internodes to first branching of at least five plants internode counts taken in a plot lveincol Vein color Leaf Color or pigmentation of leaf vein vein color Score the sticknes or adhesiveness of pounded yam to consumern fingur using sensory test panelist Stickiness of pounded yam - Estimation Weight of seed tubers (whole seed yams or setts ) planted in a plot or per unit area. Planting material from a tuber is called sett. Seed tuber could be either small, healthy whole tuber or large tubers cut into pieces (sett) Seed tuber WTP Weight Weight of planted tubers Measure the stem diameter at 15 cm above the base of five plants before senescence in a plot and record the average Stem diameter-computation Record corm size in relation to tuber size using three scale Corm size-Estimation Computed the yield of bulbil per hectare using the formula. Bulbil yield (fresh weight) per hectar- Computation Hardness of cutting or breaking Force required to cut/break with fork BoilYamHdHard Boiled yam hardness Boiled root Cohesiveness Pounded yam cohpdym Cohesiveness of pounded yam Degree to which particles of a sample stick together or how moldable it is Time of fruit harvesting Harvesting ime DateFH Fruit Time to fruit harvesting Tuber flesh oxidation color Surface color resulting of tuber flesh enzymatic oxidation Oxidation color Tuber Foxdc 0-1 binary scale Small size tubers per plant Number of small size tubers ( <0.5kg) per plant Number Small tuber NSTPL Number Nfrts Fruit developed number Fruit per cross Quantity of developed fruits per crosses YamHdStr Pounded yam stretchability Ability of pounded yam to stretch when pulled apart with fingers Pounded yam Stretchability 1-3 scale Record the twining or climbing direction of the vine Twining direction-Estimation Medium tuber MTW Weight of medium size tubers (? 0.5kg and <1 kg) in a net plot or unit area Weight Medium size tubers weight per plot GDD°C Purpleness scale 0-100 Record the weight of big size ( ?1 kg) tubers in a net plot Big size tubers fresh weight per plot- measurement Scale insect infestation on tubers at harvest Scale insect infestation Scalisec Tuber scale insect infestation Compute the proportion of seedlings per family (cross) establish well and ready for transplanting, usually recorded at five weeks after sowing. Seedling establishment rate-computation Pollinated spikes number NPollSpk Inflorescence number Quantity of Female spikes where flowers has been pollinated using male flower from a monoecious or dioecious parent Average width of small size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Small size tuber width Length Small tuber Stbrwd Plant Heterophylly presence Presence of cataphylles during early stage Presence Compute by dividing fresh weight measurement of all categroy/size tubers taken in a plot to the number of harvested plant in a net plot Total tuber fresh weight per plant-computation Measure the length of at most five big size tubers (?1kg) from base to tip in a net plot at harvest and record the average Length of big size tubers-Computation Record time (date) 50% plants in a plot are having at least one flower/inflorescence 50% flowering time - Estimation Foliage senescence time - Computation Compute the number of days required from sprout emergence or planting to when all plants had fully senesced Smoothness of pounded yam smthpdym Pounded yam Smoothnessof the material, i.e., absence of lumps Smoothness Inflorescence initiation time Time of first inflorescence initiation TIMinflor Plant Inflorescence initiation time Record date of first spout emergence in a plot Time first sprout emergence-Estimation Compute the sum of all category/size tubers (big, medium, small and rotten/diseased) in a net plot Total tuber harvested number-computation Leaf apex shape-Estimation Record leaf apex shape of mature plants in a plot Corm type Type Corm type Corm cortyp Tuber predominant shape TbrSh Tuber shape Tuber Shape Crumbness in hand Boiled yam crumbness BoilYamHdCrum Boiled root Property of the product to crumble or break between the fingers Record the date 90% of the developed fruits shows sign of physiological maturity (turning brown) Fruit maturity time - Estimation 0-4 scale Assess the small or odour the boiled yam that sensed at the nose before the yam reaches mouth and make sensory score using scale how appetizing or appealing the boiled yam to eat Aroma of boiled yam-Estimation NTP Number of seed tubers planted in a plot or unit area Number Seed tuber Tubers planted 0-7 scale Width of small size tubers-Computation Measure the width of at most five small size tubers (<500 gm) from net plot at wider portion of the tuber using calliper or measuring tape and record the average Observe the status of foliage senescence (leaf or vine yellowing) of plants in plot at 6 month onward and rate the maturity status Senescence- Estimation Observe the occurance or presence of dry rot caused by nematods (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) on harvested tubers and record the presence and absence Dry rot presence on harvested tubers-Estimation Leaf beetle incidence - Computation Compute the proportion of plants with leaf beetle damage from the total number of plants in the effective plots on leaf beetle damange record taken twice(at two and five months after planting date) Emergence of secondary sprouts on a plant Secondary sprouting Sprout Secondary sprouting SecSP Leaf hairiness - Estimation Assess hairiness of leaf surface (lower part) Presence of fiber strand-Estimation Score the presence or absence of ?ber strands on pounded yam Observe the presence or absence of cataphylle Presence of cataphylle number of leaf Granuliness 0-100 NMTP Medium tuber Medium size tubers per plot Number Number of medium size tubers that weighing ? 0.5kg and <1 kg in a net plot or unit area yam flour Tuber flour protein content content Tuber flour protein content Femal flowers abundance or intensity per inflorescence-Estimation Observe the femal flowering intensity or abudance per inflorences and rate Crazy roots presence on tubers at harvest-Estimation Record appearance of crazy roots on tuber surface at harvest gm/sett Fruits harvested number Number of harvested fruits per cross after physiological maturity Fruit per cross FrtHvstN Number Leaf The leaf surface color or pigmentation color mlfcol Leaf color Pounded yam smoothness Smoothness Absence of lumps YamHdSmot Pounded yam Spine on sprout Presence of spines on sprout (vines) Spines on sprout presence SPNSP Presense Big size yam fresh weight per plant- computation Compute by dividing fresh weight measurement of big size tubers taken to the number of harvested plants in a net plot Tuber flesh color computation from standardized image L*a*b* values Compute the average of the flesh surface color of tuber longitudinal section using image analysis with a color correction based on a custom color chart NESP Established plants Plant Number Number of well established plants ( plants growing with good vigour and without severe constraints) in a plot Total tuber fresh weight per plot -computation Compute the sum all category or size of tubers (Big, medium, small size, and rotten and diseased) fresh weight per plot 1-5 scale Number Total tubers per plot Number of total (all size) tubers in a net plot or unit area Tuber TNTP Assess the color of leaf vein on the upper surface Vein color - Estimation Big size tubers harvested number - counting Count the number of tubers in a plot weighing ?1 kg harvested per effective plot Number Seed sown Sdsown Quantity of botanical or true seeds sown per family or cross Seeds sown SprtCol Sprout Color of the sprout (vine and leaves). Sprout color color Arrangement of leaves on stem or vine Leaf arrangement lfpst Leaf position stmhair Stem hairiness Stem Hairiness of stem hairiness number of spikes Secondary sprouting - estimation Record emergence of new secondary sprouts from the planted seed tuber/sett in a plot at three months after planting Compute by dividing fresh weight measurement of small size tubers taken to the number of harvested plants in a net plot Small size yam fresh weight per plant-computation Pounded yam Distance to which the deformed material can be sretchable Springiness sprgpdym Springiness of pounded yam Time 50% of sprout emergence-Estimation Record date 50% of sprouts in a plot emerged Chewingness scale 0-100 Big size tubers per plant Number of big size tubers ( ?1 kg) per plant Big tuber number NBTPL Average length of medium size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Length Medium size tuber length Mtbrleng Medium tuber Internode length - computation Measure the length of internode at 1m height on five (5) plants and record the average Smoothness scale 0-10 Record the date fruit set in 50% of plants in a plot 50% fruit set time-Estimation number of tubers Spine SPBCOL colored spot Presence of spot on spine base Presence of colored spots at the spine base of sprouted shoots (vine) with spines Stem color - Estimation Record the predominant color of stem on mature plant at five to six month after emergence using a five color scale Boiled root surface Brown colour of product after cooking BoilYamBrow Brownness Boiled yam brownness Bulbp Number of bulbils or aerial tubers produced Number of bulbil Aerial tuber Number Incidence of leaf beetle damage. Leaf Leaf beetle damage incidence Leaf beetle incidence Lfbtinc Time of the first flower initiation on a plant/s in a plot or any of the plants in a plot shows the first flower Plant TIMFlrin Time to flower initiation Flower initiation time Tuber flesh color The surface color of the yam tuber flesh Tuber flesh color Duration between 5% emergence and 95% senescence of subplot - Computation Averaged growth cycle duration expressed in days between 5% emergence and 95% senescence (i.e. 5% of maximum ground cover after time to maximum ground cover) in two subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Median senescence computed from inflection point value using log-logistic time-to-event modeling of weekly sprout counts expressed in days after planting. Time at 5% of maximum growth after time at maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Compute the average tuber width of all size measurement taken in a net plot Tuber wideth-computation Crumbness scale 0-100 Plant End of flowering time or when a plant does not produce new flower in a plot end of flowering time Time to end of flowering TIMEF Medium size tubers per plant-computation Compute the number of medium size tubers produced per plant using the formula number of medium size tuber in a plot divided by the total number of harvested plants Observe the arrangement of leaves on stem or vine and rate it Leaf position - Estimation lfwdt Width of leaf Leaf Width Leaf width Record the date of fruits harvest in a crossing block or from plant Fruit harvesting time- Estimation Number Measure the flesh surface color of tuber (head, middle and tail portion) at different time interval (0, 30, 60, 180 minutes after cutting) using colorimeter (a color spectrophotometer) or standard color chart. Tuber flesh color reading -measurement Leaf width - computation Measure the width from the widest part of leaf using a measuring tape on sampled 20 adult leaves ( four leaves per plant on at leat five plants in a plot), and record the average width Fibrousness scale 0-100 Measure the length or height of stem or vine of at least five mature plants in a plot using measuring tape at five to six months after sprout emergence and record the average Stem height - computation Observe and score scale insect infestation on tuber at harvest Scale insect infestation - Estimation Color of boiled yam-Estimation Observe the optical color or pigementation of boiled yam and make visual score using scale how acceptable or appealing on table or plate to eat number of branch Pounded yam texture txtpoundedyam texture The physical attributes of pounded yam such as soft or hard/strong , smooth or lumpy when sensed by touch in mouth or with hands Pounded yam Whiteness scale 0-100 kg/plant Observe and record fresh cut tuber flesh surface color at the tail portion of the tuber at harvesting time. Tuber flesh color lower or tail portion- Estimation Leaf apex shape shape Lfapx Leaf apex Leaf apex shape Period from 5% to 95% emergence Computation of the substraction between the necessary time before 95% and 5% emergence using after-fitting inverse regression of log-logistic time-to-event modeling of weekly sprout counts expressed in days after planting Whitness of the Flesh colour The surface whiteness of the yam tuber flesh color Tuber flesh Measure the length of petiole using measuring tape on sampled 20 adult leaves ( four leaves per plant on at leat five plants in a plot), and record the average length Petiole length - Computation method_of Big size yam yield adjusted-computation Calculated as big size yam tuber weight per per plant mutiplied by planting density and result divided by 1000 0-2 scale Nodes carrying cataphylle per plant Score taste of pounded yam using sensory test panalist Taste of pounded yam - Estimation starch Tuber The breakdown of yam starch extracted from fresh tubers were determined using a Rapid Visco-Analyser (RVA-TecMaster, Perten Instruments, Australia) starchbrk Yam starch breakdown color Pounded yam Optical color or pigmentation of pounded yam Pounded yam color colpoundedyam Setts or seed yams planted weight - Computation Measure the weight of N planted tubers (seed yams or setts) and record the average Observe relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by yam anthracnose disease and record the severity as a proportion or percentage of plant surface affected.It is visual score in scale under screenhouse, artificial inoculation or under field natural infestation. For artificial inoculation use a suspension of three most virulent strains of Colletothrichum gloeosporioides and inoculate the plants raised from vine cutting in vertical sack or other means by spraying. For natural infestation, scores can be taken 10 to 12 weeks after planting and second scoring about 4-6 weeks before harvesting . Artificial inoculation should be scored at 3 days after inoculation(DAI) , and repeated at 7DAI, 11DAI and 15DAI Anthracnose severity - Estimation Vines established-computation Compute the proportion or ratio of vines cuttings survive and producing shoots from the total of planted vine cuttings Tuber beetle incidence - Computation Compute the proportion tubers with tubers beetle damage from the total number of harvested tubers in the effective plot at harvesting time. Sweetness 0-100 Record the smoothness or roughness of tuber skin in visual scale Tuber surface texture - Estimation Fruits/cross Compute the number of days required from date of planting to the date 50% of sprouts or plants in a plot emerged Times to 50% spout emergence-Computation Stickness scale 0-10 Tuber flour starch content yam flour content Tuber flour starch content Record existance of hairs on a sprout (vine) Hairiness of sprout - Estimation Record time in minutes lasted for cut tuber flesh to become or not oxidized and score in scale Tuber oxidation-Estimation Dormancy period -Estimation Assess the proportion of sprouted tubers at different time interval (once a week) from harvesting up to three months after harvesting and rate the dormancy period in scale Number of plant Tbrwd Tuber Average width of all size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Tuber width Wideth Compute number of growing degree days required from planting (or 50% emergence) to 50% foliage senescence or maturity. Growing degree days to maturity-Estimation 0-9 scale Colour scale 1-9 Measure the length and width of tuber using measuring tape and record the length /with ratio Shape of tuber - computation number of fruit Score corm status of tubers using a binary scale Corm on tubers-Estimation Intensity of tuber flesh enzymatic oxidation (degree of flesh color change or browning of cut yam tuber) Oxidation intensity Tuber flesh browning Tuber flesh Appearance of pounded yam-Estimation Observe the appearance (structure and pigmentation) of pouned yam and make visual score using scale how attractive or appealing on table or plate to eat Datfsen Plant Foliage senescence time Senescence time Time to all plants in a plot or unit area show full or complete foliage senescence Number of seeds developed per fruit after hand flowers pollination Set seed per Fruit Seeds set per fruit number SdSet Boiled yam taste Boiled yam taste Taste of boiled yam when eaten without any additional complementary food Tastebldyam Score the severity of dry rot in harvested tubers Tuber dry rot severity - Estimation Record the predominant color of the sprouts (plant) per plot at 20 days after emergence Sprout color - estimation Lfbtsev Leaf Leaf beetle severity Severity of leaf beetle damage. Leaf beetle damage severity Stickness scale 0-100 Big yam tuber average weight-computation Calculated as weight of big size tubers per plot divided by total number of big size tubers per plot Dry rot tuber number-counting Take count of dry rot tubers per plot at harvest Time to 50% foliage senescence time - Estimation Record date of 50% plants in a plot are showing foliage senescence Yam odour scale 0-100 Determination of the predominant shape in the entire family/plot as a unit Tuber shape - Estimation Tuber dry rot incidence - Computation Compute the proportion dry rot tubers from the total number of harvested tubers per effective plot Texture in the hand smoothness method Sample is pressed firmly between the fingers Rotten tuber fresh weight per plot - Measurement Record weight of rotten and/or diseased tubers harvested in a net plot Tuber flesh oxidation color-Estimation Record the flesh enzymatic oxidation color using color scale Vine cutting establishment rate Plant Proportion of vine cuttings established well that producing shoots Vestrat establishment rate scale_of number of bulbils Count number of aerial tubers or vine bulbils on plants in a net plot and compute the average number bulbils per plant Number of bulbil - Computation sex Predominat plant or flower sex Sex Flower Plant sex Tbrtxtur Tuber texture Tuber surface smoothness Tuber surface texture Bitterness 0-100 Percentage Density of spines on stem base of a plant-Etimation Visual assessment of spines on a stem (vine) above the base of mature plants in a plot Crop folliage compactness Crop cover compactness Canopy Architecture 0-4 general scale