IITA A.Amele Spines on sprout presence estimation nominal 0&1 1 White Cirad Tuber flesh whiteness computation D.Cornet Strepdym Springness estimation 1-2 IITA A.Amele IITA Stbrwt Weight of small tubers per plot measurement in kg A.Amele Weight medium tubers per plot measurement in kg IITA A.Amele Mtbrwt Absence of lumps 10 IITA FLRI Flowering intensity estimation 0-9 A. Lopez-Montes Leaf beetle damage incidence computation % IITA Btl_I A. Lopez-Montes acronym 2 dislike A.Amele Scale insect infestation estimation 0-2 IITA frtform A.Amele Fruit setting estimation 0&1 IITA IITA A. Lopez-Montes TUBSHA Tuber shape estimation 1-4 D.Cornet Maximum ground cover computation in % Cirad IITA yam anthracnose disease severity estimation in 1-5 A. Lopez-Montes AnthracSev NPOLS Pollinated spikes counting IITA A. Lopez-Montes Leaf shape estimation 1-7 IITA A.Amele Cirad D.Cornet Latency period duration computation in number of days from planting to 5% sprouts emergence Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam bitterness 0-100 Difficult 0 IITA Leaf apex shape estimation 1-3 A.Amele A.Amele Smoothness estimation 1-3 IITA 4 Light grey 1-25% tuber skin showing symptoms 1 5 Moderate (producing some flowers mostly 10-29 inflorescences per plant) High 100 Cirad Intensity of tuber flesh oxidation computation D.Cornet Tuber flesh color lower portion estimation 1-9 Flcolr_tail IITA A. Lopez-Montes IITA A.Amele Tuber surface crack estimation 0-3 5 like extremely A.mele IITA Aroma_PY pounded yam aroma estimation 1-5 scale fflrab IITA Female flowering intensity per spike estimation 1-4 A.Amele 0 Absent 76-100% tuber skin showing symptoms 4 S_Bri IITA Tuber dry rot incidence computation in % A. Lopez-Montes IITA A.Amele Big tubers per plant computation A.Amele Number of dry rot tubers count IITA IITA A.Amele Vine cutting establishment rate percentage Bolanle Otegbayo Bowen University, Nigeria Pounded yam smoothness scale 0-10 YamSmot_Meas_0to10 5 very sweet 3 Yellow Fiber estimation 1-2 IITA A.Amele Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam sweetness 0-100 3 51-75% tuber skin showing symptoms 10 Very hard IITA A. Lopez-Montes Weight of rotten/diseased tubers per plot measurement in kg Rot_Wt Time to 50% foliage senescence estimation in yy/mm/dd A.Amele IITA DATS IITA Fruits developed per cross counting FrtN A. Lopez-Montes Yam ontology AetbrYld IITA Bulbil yield estimation in t/ha A. Lopez-Montes Cirad D.Cornet Heterophylly presence estimation nominal 0&1 IITA A.Amele DFM Times to fruit maturity computation in days 2 slightly sticky Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam granuleness 0-100 Pounded yam texture estimation 1-3 scale A.mele IITA Txt_PY Estbp-N A.Amele Established plants counting/plot IITA Non flowering 0 Bulbil initiation time estimation in yy/mm/dd IITA Aetbrin A. Lopez-Montes A.Amele Seeds germination start time estimation in yy/mm/dd DAFGR IITA Bulbils per plant computation IITA Aetbrpl A.Amele Low 0 Senescence earliness computation in days from median emergence to 5% senescence Cirad D.Cornet A. Lopez-Montes Dry matter content percentage TDMC IITA D.Cornet Senescence period duration computation in days between 5 and 95% senescence Cirad A. Lopez-Montes Tuber surface texture estimation 1-2 IITA A.Amele DtFFlr Flowering time estimation in yy/mm/dd IITA Small size tuber length computation in cm IITA A.Amele Root position estimation 1-4 IITA A.Amele Mtbrwidth A.Amele IITA Medium tuber width computation in cm 2 Off-white 5 Medium stretchability Tuber yield adjusted computation in t/ha A.Amele IITA 5 Purplish white very attractive 3 Thorn Tuber thorniness estimation 0&1 A. Lopez-Montes IITA Bowen University, Nigeria Pounded yam stickness scale 0-10 YamStic_Meas_0to10 Bolanle Otegbayo 0 no oxidization 1 aborted flower. Presence of small or rudimentary inflorescences/flowers that can show an abortion or abscission point at joint of the pedicel Flcolr_head Tuber flesh color upper portion estimation 1-9 IITA A. Lopez-Montes IITA A.Amele Fruit maturity time estimation in yy/mm/dd A.mele IITA Color_BY Boiled yam color estimation 1-5 scale IITA A.Amele Time to first leaf emergence computation Boiled yam brownness scale 0-100 Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Many 2 A. Lopez-Montes Appearance of tuber surface estimation 1-4 IITA IITA Big tubers per plot counting number A.Amele Boiled yam purpleness scale 0-100 Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Aetbrp Bulbils per plot count IITA A. Lopez-Montes Tbrflcolr IITA A.Amele Tuber flesh color measurement IITA Mature leaf color estimation 1-5 A.Amele 100 Fibers Number of leaves per plant count A.Amele IITA Stbrwidth IITA Small tuber width computation in cm A.Amele GH Plant type estimation 1-3 IITA A.Amele A.Amele yam starch breakdown RVT IITA A.Amele IITA Seeds germinated counting A. Lopez-Montes stnp Stems per plant computation per plant IITA A.Amele Flowering time computation in days IITA DF A.Amele Sett-N Tubers planted counting/plot IITA Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam stickness scale 0-100 A.Amele, A. Lopez-Mentes IITA Ratiosp Proportion of emerged plants (sprouts) computation/% IITA A.Amele Weight of medium tubers per plant computation kgplt Stickiness estimation 1-3 IITA A. Lopez-Montes Con_Stick_PY 2 Creamy white IITA TWNH A.Amele Twining habit estimation 0-1 4 Symptom on >51% of the plant. Coalesced spots with dry tissue and covering a signifcant proprotion of the leaf surface. Areas with less than 1 cm width are coalescing to bigger spots also. Yellowing of green tissue is intense around the spots areas. True seeds harvested/cross counting Botseed IITA A.Amele First sprout emergence time computation in days Emerday IITA A.Amele D.Cornet Cirad Earliness of emergence computation in number of days from planting to 50% sprouts emergence Upper surface vein color estimation 1-4 A.Amele IITA Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam chewingness scale 0-100 A.Amele stemdim Stem diameter computation in mm IITA Boiled yam odour scale 0-100 Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Tuber flesh color gradient computation Cirad D.Cornet Purplish green 4 IITA Fruits harvested per cross counting Matfrt A. Lopez-Montes IITA A.Amele Medium tubers per plant computation A.Amele Presence of tuber dry rot estimation in 0&1 IITA A.Amele INODL Internode length computation in cm IITA 1 dislikeextremely Cohesiveness estimation 1-3 A.Amele IITA Taste estimation 1-5 Con_Taste_PY IITA A. Lopez-Montes IITA First leaf emergence time estimation in yy/mm/dd A.Amele Profuse (plant producing many more flowers mostly 30 to 50 inflorescences per plant) 7 0 No purple Bolanle Otegbayo Pounded yam colour scale 1-9 Bowen University, Nigeria YamCol_Meas_1to9 Bolanle Otegbayo Bowen University, Nigeria Pounded yam stretchability scale 0-10 YamStr_Meas_0to10 NRDT Rotten tubers per plot counting number IITA A.Amele SECSP IITA A.Amele Secondary sprouting estimation nominal 0&1 Corm size estimation 1-3 IITA Cormsize A.Amele 100 Crumby very bitter 1 Cirad D.Cornet Tuber flour sugar content computation A. Lopez-Montes Tuber dormancy period estimation IITA Dorm FRTINT IITA A. Lopez-Montes Fruit set number estimation 1-3 A. Lopez-Montes Pollinated florets counting IITA Root knot nematode incidence computation % IITA R_Kni A. Lopez-Montes Maturity time estimation GGD IITA A.Amele Anthracnose symptoms covering ~26 t0 ~50% of the plant. One or two spots of more than 1 cm diameter width, and dry tissue on the leaf surface. Small dark and no dried spots with more than 1 cm width, are present 3 A. Lopez-Montes M_Bi Mealybug incidence computation % IITA D.Cornet Number of nodes carrying cataphylles before first true leaf counting/plant Cirad IITA Tuber size estimation 1-3 A. Lopez-Montes TUBSIZE A.Amele Small tubers per plot counting number IITA 3 Neither like nor dislike Cirad D.Cornet Starch grain size computation Oxid A.Amele Tuber oxidation estimation 1-3 IITA IITA flrsex plntsex A.Amele Plant sex estimation 0-4 100 Brown Hairy (few scattered or many roots in the surface of the tuber) 2 A.Amele Big tuber yield adjusted computation in t/ha IITA A.Amele IITA Leaf width measurement in cm A.Amele Crazy roots presence estimation 0&1 IITA IITA A. Lopez-Montes Dayendflr End of flowering time computation in days IITA Sprout color estimation 1-5 SPCOLO A. Lopez-Montes slighty irregular 3 Thorny (small prominences ending in a small thorn) 3 5 Medium mouldability A. Lopez-Montes Canopy Canopy architecture estimation 1-4 IITA Total tubers per plant computation IITA A.Amele A. Lopez-Montes End of flowering time estimation in yy/mm/dd IITA DtendFlr Emerdt A.Amele First sprout emergence time estimation in yy/mm/dd IITA A.Amele 50% sprout emergence time computation in days DyFemer IITA oxidizes more than 3 minutes 3 9 very early (The plants are completely senescent, yellowing is complete and uniform (both leaves and vines 100% senescence) A. Lopez-Montes Tbets Tuber beetle severity estimation in 1-5 IITA A.Amele Senescence class estimation 1-9 IITA MatC IITA Corm type estimation 1-3 A.Amele Cormtype Tuber flesh texture estimation 1-3 A.Amele IITA Pounded yam appearance estimation 1-3 scale Appearance_PY A.mele IITA IITA Weight of big tubers per plant measurement in kg MTWPL A.Amele IITA A.Amele DAEGR End of seeds germination time estiamtion in yy/mm/dd IITA Young leaf color estimation 1-5 A.Amele Pounded yam mouldability scale 0-10 YamMoul_Meas_0to10 Bolanle Otegbayo Bowen University, Nigeria 8 deep purple IITA Seed index computation 0 to 1 A.Amele Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam fibrousness scale 0-100 Seed germination rate percentage GR IITA A. Lopez-Montes 4 Fully smooth DAYHS A. Lopez-Montes Foliage senescence time computation in days IITA IITA TBRL A.Amele Average tuber length measurement in cm 2 26-50% tuber skin showing symptoms A.Amele Total tubers per plot computation IITA Aetubwtp A.Amele Bulbil weight per plot measurement in kg IITA IITA Medium tubers per plot counting number A.Amele IITA Spine base color estimation nominal 0&1 A.Amele IITA fruit set number percentage A. Lopez-Montes Growth cycle length computation in days between 5% emergence and 95% senescence D.Cornet Cirad Flesh oxidation color estimation 1-4 A.Amele IITA IITA Big tuber width computation in cm A.Amele Btbrwidth IITA Tuber flesh color middle portion estimation 1-9 Flcolr_middle A. Lopez-Montes FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam whiteness scale 0-100 Laurent Adinsi A.Amele Intensity of tuber flesh oxidation estimation 0-3 IITA IITA A.Amele Fruit index computation 0 to 1 5 like extremely Estbp-ratio Field establishment rate compuation in % IITA A.Amele Cirad D.Cornet Emergence vigor computation in number of days between 5% and 95% sprouts emergence D.Cornet Tuber flesh brownness computation Cirad Boiled yam appearance estimation 1-5 scale A.mele IITA Appearance_BY Neither like nor dislike 3 Vine cuttings planted count IITA A.Amele A.Amele Inflorescence type estimation IITA Sprout hairiness estimation nominal 0&2 IITA A.Amele A.Amele Medium size tuber length computation in cm IITA 4 like 2 oxidizes between 1 and 2 minure after cutting A.Amele Seedling survival rate percentage IITA 1 regular A.Amele 50% sprout emergence time estimation in yy/mm/dd DtFemer IITA A. Lopez-Montes S_Brs IITA Tuber dry rot severity estimation 0-4 Mealybug severity estimation in 1-5 M_Bs IITA A. Lopez-Montes IITA A.Amele Bulbil yield per plant measurement in kg AetbrwtPl A.Amele Big tuber length computation in cm IITA Cirad D.Cornet Duration of heterophyllic period computation in days after planting A. Lopez-Montes Big tuber yield computation in t/ha IITA Cylindrical 3 Present 100 Boiled yam hardness scale 0-100 FSA-UAC, BÈnin Laurent Adinsi IITA Fruit development status estimation 1-2 A.Amele 2 Slightly bitter Many thorns or spines on tuber surface 7 IITA Lower surface leaf hairiness estimation 0-2 A.Amele 2 Few anthracnose spots or sysmptoms on 1 t0 ~25% of the plant. One or two spots of less than 1 cm diameter width, and dry tissue on the leaf surface Laurent Adinsi Boiled yam crumbness scale 0-100 FSA-UAC, BÈnin IITA A.Amele First inflorescence initiation time estimation in yy/mm/dd Very soft 0 IITA sder A. Lopez-Montes Seedling establishment rate percentage 0 No flower or bud. No inflorescence and not flowering at all SETW IITA Weight of planted tubers computation/ gm A. Lopez-Montes Color_PY A.mele IITA pounded yam color estimation 1-5 scale VRSI Virus incidence computation % IITA A. Lopez-Montes No visible symptoms of anthracnose disease or infection spot on the leaf surface 1 A.Amele Time to 50% foliage senescence computation in days IITA DM A.mele Aroma_BY IITA Boiled yam aroma estimation 1-5 scale Txt_BY Boiled yam texture estimation 1-5 scale A.mele IITA IITA Spines on stem estimation 0-2 A.Amele IITA Btl_S Leaf beetle damage severity estimation in 1-5 A. Lopez-Montes A.Amele IITA Upper surface leaf hairiness estimation 0-2 A.Amele Pollination type estimation 1-4 Pollmech IITA brownish white 7 A. Lopez-Montes Plant vigor estimation 1-3 IITA PLNV Fruit harvest time estimation in yy/mm/dd IITA A.Amele Polldate Crossing date esimation in yy/mm/dd A.Amele IITA Absent 0 IITA A.Amele Lower surface vein color estimation 1-4 A.Amele IITA Big tuber average weight computation in kg Seeds set/fruit computation A. Lopez-Montes IITA No 0 A.Amele Uniformity of tuber flesh color estimation binary 0&1 flcol_uni IITA IITA Number of branches per plant count A.Amele 3 highly oxidizing 2 Pale green Monoecious female(f>m) 4 DtFlrin IITA Flower initiation time estimation in yy/mm/dd A. Lopez-Montes 2 Rough Present 1 Cirad Tuber flour starch content computation D.Cornet Dayflrin A. Lopez-Montes IITA Fower initiation time computation in days like extremely 5 IITA A.Amele Seeds sown/family counting IITA Average tuber weight computation in kg A.Amele IITA A. Amele Twining direction estimation 1-2 3 Low Shape of bulbil estimation 1-4 IITA Aetbrshap A.Amele Root knot nematode severity estimation in 1-5 IITA A. Lopez-Montes R_kns 4 Purple D.Cornet Tuber flesh yellowness computation Cirad IITA A.Amele Total tuber yield computation in t/ha TubYld Leaf position estiamtion 1-3 A.Amele IITA Btbrwt IITA A.Amele Weight of big tubers per plot measurement in kg 5 highly irregular A.Amele Emerged plants counting/plot IITA intermediate 2 Separability of corm estimation binary 0&1 A.Amele cormsep IITA Light yellow 6 3 Low (flowering is scare with the presence of few flowers mostly less than 10 inflorescences per plant) Irregular 4 IITA A.Amele Corm estimation binary 0&1 attribute D.Cornet Crop vigor computation in days from median emergence to 80% of maximum ground cover Cirad IITA Leaf density estimation 1-7 A.Amele 1 Few A.Amele Petiole length measurement in cm IITA A.Amele Fruit setting time estimation in yy/mm/dd IITA A.Amele Stem hairiness estimation 0-2 IITA A.Amele Times to bulbil initiation computation Dayaetbrin IITA White 1 Sprout length measurement in cm IITA A.Amele SPRTL 10 Very sticky A. Lopez-Montes AnthracInc IITA yam anthracnose disease incidence computation % 4 Long (More than 50% of the tubers sprouted at three month after harvesting time) A.mele Boiled yam taste estimation 1-5 scale Taste_BY IITA IITA AeTuber A. Lopez-Montes Bulbil presence estimation 0&1 0 No fibers Severe necrosis and death of the plant. Coalesced spots with dry tissue more than 1.5 cm of diameter and covering a great proprotion of the leaf surface. Yellowing of the gree tissue is generalised in the leaf blade. 5 4 sweet IITA A. Lopez-Montes Hairiness of tuber estimation 1-3 TBR_Hairy IITA A.Amele Small tubers per plant compuatation soft or smooth 3 Cirad D.Cornet Tuber flesh color computation YamHar_Meas_0to10 Bolanle Otegbayo Bowen University, Nigeria Pounded yam hardness scale 0-10 Not sticky 3 3 Neutral DateHS IITA Foliage senescence time estimation in yy/mm/dd A.Amele Weight of small tuber per plant computation kgplant IITA A.Amele creamy 6 0 Not sticky A.Amele Tuber thorniness intensity estimation 0-7 IITA IITA A.Amele First inflorescence initiation time computation Late (75% of the plants in a plot with still green foliage but few plants (upto 25% plants in a plot) showing up to 25% of leaves senescence 3 Purple 100 1 strong or hard or lumpy Very Late (all the plants in a plot still show green foliage (green leaf and vine) 1 7 Yellow IITA A.Amele Number of internodes to first branching computation/plot 1 oxidizes less than a minure Average tuber width computation in cm IITA tbrwidth A.Amele A.Amele IITA Internode length measurement in cm IITA Total tuber weight per plant computation in kg A.Amele 1 not attractive IITA A.Amele Leaf length measurement in cm Rough 1 100 Bitter D.Cornet Cirad Tuber flour protein content computation VRSS virus severity estimation in 1-5 IITA A. Lopez-Montes dislikeextremely 1 presence 1 Stem height measurement in m IITA A.Amele 3 Neither like nor dislike 0 Absent 0 Absent Very stretchable 10 No symptoms 0 Boiled yam black spots presence scale 0-100 FSA-UAC, BÈnin Laurent Adinsi 3 Grey 0 Absent Oval 2 10 Mouldable Total tuber weight per plot computation in kg IITA A.Amele 9 Brown 5 Cream IITA Plant stand harvested count A. Lopez-Montes No_stdh 4 like 1 Yellowish Pure white 100 A. Lopez-Montes Tuber beetle incidence computation % Tbeti IITA sticky 1 0 Not crumby IITA A.Amele Stem color estimatiion 1-5 moderately attractive 2 Crop cover compactness computation Cirad D.Cornet D.Cornet Tuber color uniformity computation Cirad dislikeextremely 1 Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam bitter after taste 0-100 absence 0 Big lumps 0 Sweet 100 Intermediate 5 3 few thorns or spines on tuber surface 4 like orange 9 2 dislike 100 Present 0 Easy to cut 4 like 1 Spherical 100 Sticky 1 slightly oxidizing early (The plants have senescent foliage (75% of the plants in a plot with 50% leaves showing sign of yellowing but the vines still green) 7 100 Easy Not mooldable 0 Non sticky 0 1 Male flower 0 Not granular like extremely 5 1 Smooth Abesnt 0 No brown 0 8 Light brown Extremely pofuse (plant producing with abundant flowring mostly more than 50 inflorescences per plant) 9 3 Monoecious male (m>f) no thorns or spines on tuber surface 0 Dark green 3 100 Difficult to cut Medium stickiness 5 0 Not streachable High 7 1 Yes female flower 2 5 Medium (50% of the plants are still green or on the onset of senescence. Only 50% plants in a plot with 25% of the leaves showing senescence or slight yellowing Purple 5 dislike 2 0 Off white entity Granular 100 Number of bulbil Number of bulbils or aerial tubers produced Number Aerial tuber Bulbpl 1-7 general scale Seedling Establishment rate Seedling Establishment rate of seedlings sderat Establishment rate Plant or flower sex-Estimation Scoring the most frequent flower sex type when more than 50% of the plants are flowered Boiled root BoilYamBitt Basic bitter taste like small quantity of quinine or caffeine in water Boiled yam bitterness Bitterness Polltyp Flower Mode of plant to plant pollen transfer pollination type Pollination type Aerial tuber Weight Bulbwtp Bulbil weight Weight of vine bulbils or aerial tubers harvest Number Number of small size tubers that weighing <0.5kg in a net plot or unit area Small size tubers per plot NSTP Small tuber Date (yyyymmdd) Arrangement of leaves on stem or vine lfpst arrangement Leaf Leaf position BoilYamHdHard Boiled yam hardness Force required to cut/break with fork Boiled root Hardness of cutting or breaking Hardness scale 0-10 Cirad Shape regularity estimation 0-2 Sample is put in the hands and moulded G.Arnau Texture in the hand mouldability method Presence of bulbils or aerial tubers in the nodes of the vines Bulbil presence Bulbil Aerial tuber Presence of bulbil Plant type-Estimation Visual assessment of the tendency of a plant to grow in a certain shape and to attain mature height and spread Spine SPNAB Intensity of spines on stem (vine) above base of mature plant (5 to 6 month old plant) Spines on stem density density seed set ratio Seed Seed index Seed index is an estimation of pollinated flowers producing seeds Record position of appearance of roots at surface to tubers Position of root appearance on tubers-Estimation Compute the proportion of virus symptomatic individuals or their parts or commonly the portion of plant units in a plot. Take virus incidence recording thrice: First inspection at 8 to 10 weeks after planting and second inspection after 4 to 6 weeks after first inspection for virus symptoms and the third and final inspection 4 to 6 weeks after the second inspection . Viruses infection incidence - Computation Viruses infection severity - Estimation Observe relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by virus disease and record the severity as a proportion or percentage of plant surface affected using visual five ordinal scale . Predominant severity per plot must be registered at least thrice : 8 to 10 weeks after planting, 4 to 6 weeks after first scoring and the last scoring at 4 to 6 weeks after the second scoring Presence Plant Heterophylly presence Presence of cataphylles during early stage Medium tuber Number of medium size tubers that weighing ? 0.5kg and <1 kg in a net plot or unit area Medium size tubers per plot Number NMTP kg/plot HAIRSP Sprout Sprout hairiness Hairs on sprout (vines) hairiness Rotten tuber weight RDTW Weight of rotten/diseased tubers Weight Rotten Tuber Cohesiveness Cohesiveness of pounded yam Pounded yam cohpdym Degree to which particles of a sample stick together or how moldable it is Cirad G.Arnau Appearance method Tuber shape quantitative computation Visually inspect sample surface Boiled root BoilYamMthGran Granuliness in mouth Boiled yam granuleness Refers to the presence of small grains during chewing Tuber Average tuber weight Average tuber weight in kg ATW Weight % establishment rate Plant Vine cutting establishment rate Proportion of vine cuttings established well that producing shoots Vestrat Emerged sprouts -Counting Count the emerged plants (sprouts) per plot every week starting from first plant/sprout emergence date till the last plant or spourt emerge in a plot Observe the presence or absence of hairs on stem surface Hair on stem - Estimation Record the texture of tuber flesh using scale Tuber flesh texture-Estimation 1-5 scale NMTPL Medium tuber Medium size tubers per plant Number Number of medium size tubers (? 0.5kg and <1 kg) per plant Record the presence and absence of bulbils (aerial tubers) in the vines of yam plant Presence of bulbil - Estimation Observe the appearance of roots, thones and srout buds on surface of harvested tubers and make visual score using scale Tuber surface appearance - Estimation Tuber cross section Tuber flesh cross-section color uniformity color Uniformity of tuber flesh surface color in cross-section ( from cortex to center) Utfc Compute the proportion or ratio of plants/sprouts emerged as the number of emerged plants/sprouts divided by the total number of tubers (seed yam or setts) planted in a plot multiplied by 100 Emerged sprouts or plants proportion-Computation Quantity of Female Flowers which has been pollinated using male flower from a monoecious or dioecious parent number NpollF Pollinated florets number Inflorescence Smoothnessof the material, i.e., absence of lumps Smoothness Pounded yam Smoothness of pounded yam smthpdym Texture in the hand stretchabilitymethod The pounded yam is touched and pulled apart with the fingers G.Arnau Flesh oxidation quantitative computation Cirad Senescence- Estimation Observe the status of foliage senescence (leaf or vine yellowing) of plants in plot at 6 month onward and rate the maturity status Proportion of plants in a plot well established (plantsgrowing with good vigour and without severe constraints) Proportion Proportion of established plants STRATE Plant Tbrwd Average width of all size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Wideth Tuber width Tuber Number of bulbil Bulbp Number of bulbils or aerial tubers produced Number Aerial tuber 50% sprout emergence time Time to 50% sprouts (plants) emerge in a plot TIMSE Plant or sprout 50% emergence time Small size tubers per plant-Computation Compute the number of small size tubers produced per plant using the formula number of small size tuber in a plot divided by the total number of harvested plants Tuber Tuber beetle incidence Incidence of tuber beetle damage. Tubtlinc Tuber beetle incidence Internode length - computation Measure the length of internode at 1m height on five (5) plants and record the average Record the number of developed fruits or fruit set in pollinated flowers/inflorescence Fruits developed number - Counting Bitterness 0-100 Time to 50% foliage senescence time - Estimation Record date of 50% plants in a plot are showing foliage senescence Width of big size tubers-Computation Measure the width of at most five big size tubers (?1kg) from net plot at wider portion of the tuber using vernier calliper or measuring tape and record the average Time to first leaf emergence Leaf Time to the first leaf emergence on a plant or sprouted shoot (vine) in a plot emergence time TIMLE Mealybug tuber severity estimation on infested tubers at time harvesting Mealybug tuber severity - Estimation Leaf Leaf hairiness llfhair Hairiness of leaf surface hairiness Period from planting to median emergence Computation of inflection point value using log-logistic time-to-event modeling of weekly sprout counts expressed in days after planting Harvesting ime Time to fruit harvesting Fruit Time of fruit harvesting DateFH pollination time datcross Date crossing or pollination attempted Crossing date Plant Seed germination rate Seed germRate germination rate A proportion of sown true (botanical) seed which germinate and produce seedling Color of boiled yam-Estimation Observe the optical color or pigementation of boiled yam and make visual score using scale how acceptable or appealing on table or plate to eat Big size tuber weight per plant Weight of big size tubers per plant Big tuber weight WBTPL Number Fruits harvested number FrtHvstN Number of harvested fruits per cross after physiological maturity Fruit per cross Texture in the hand hardness method Shape regularity Regularity of tuber shape Tuber Sample is pressed with the index finger Tuber shape regularity Boiled root surface BoilYamWhit Whiteness Both inner and outer colour can range from light yellowish (off-white) to white (pure white) Boiled yam whiteness 1-4 scale Pounded yam Pounded yam hardness Hardness YamHdHar Softness is when it is quite easy to compress the sample, while hardness is when force is used to compress the sample or takes effort to compress the sample Computed as total tubers weight per plant multiplied by planting density and result divided by 1000 Total tuber yield adjusted-computation number of bulbils Count the number of tubers in a plot weighing ?1 kg harvested per effective plot Big size tubers harvested number - counting Leaf The number of leaves on a plant Number Nlfyp Number of leaves Fruiting ability Time to fruit setting Times fruit formation or set on monoeciuse or femal flowers of dioeciouse yam plants Frtset Fruit Time to 50% flowering 50% flowering time Time when 50% of the plants flower in a plot TIMFL Plant Architecture Crop folliage compactness Crop cover compactness Canopy Thorn Exsistence of thorns on the tuber surface Tuber Thorniness Tuber thorniness Foliage senescence time Plant Time to all plants in a plot or unit area show full or complete foliage senescence TIMfsen Senescence time Observe the appearance (structure and pigmentation) of boiled yam and make visual score using scale how attractive or appealing on table or plate to eat Appearance of boiled yam-Estimation Nstem number Stem Number of stems (vines) with leaves and branches per plant Stems per plant Measure the length and width of tuber using measuring tape and record the length /with ratio Colour scale 1-9 Shape of tuber - computation 1-3 scale 1-3 scale Plant Anthracnose severity caused by the pathogen Colletotricum gloeosporioides. The reaction of plants in a plot to anthracnose infestation (blight or leaf spot) under screenhouse or in the field under natural infestation or artificial inoculation YADS Yam anthracnose disease severity Anthracnose severity 0-1 scale Smoothness scale 0-10 End of flowering time - Estimation Record time (date) when the plant does not produce more new flowers in a plot Yield of vine bulbils or aerial tubers harvest Bulbyld Yield Aerial tuber Bulbil yield duration TIMbulb Aerial tuber Time to bulbil initiation Bulbil initiation time After swallowing, observe the feeling or sensation of the bitter taste on the tongue and assess its intensity Taste method Leaf density - Estimation Observe the leaf abundance or mass on a mature plant and rate the density PPE Proportion Proportion of plants /sprouts emerged in a plot Proportion of emerged plants Plant or sprout Corm type Corm Type cortyp Corm type Take count of the number of seeds set on each fruits and record the average seeds per fruit Seeds set - Comp Record the degree of thorns or spines on tuber surface in visual scale Tuber thorniness intensity-Estimation Plant Maturity time Time to maturity Mat Length of time toward crop maturity flowering intensity Flowering intensity Abundance or degree of flowering Flrint Plant Fruit development status on monoecious and female flower of dioeciouse yam plant status Fruit Status of fruit development FrtDev uniteless 1-5 scale cm Count the number of aerial tubers or vine bulbils produced per net plot. Number of bulbil - Counting NINFB Stem internode Number of internodes to first branching Number of internodes to first branchs on a plant number Score the degree to which particles of a pounded yam stick together or how moldable it is using intensity scale Cohesiveness of pounded yam- Estimation Sample is pressed firmly between the fingers Texture in the hand smoothness method Corm separation from tuber-Estimation Record the corm ability to be separated from tuber in a binary scale Microscopy (10x) image analysis of iodin colored yam tuber flour (0.5mm) Microscopy image analysis Tuber number/plot Take count of well established plants in a plot usually at two months after planting Number of well established plants -Counting Measure the width from the widest part of leaf using a measuring tape on sampled 20 adult leaves ( four leaves per plant on at leat five plants in a plot), and record the average width Leaf width - computation Tuber flesh color head portion - Estimation Observe and record the fresh cut tuber flesh surface color at the head portion of the tuber at harvesting time. number of branch Seed germinated sdgerm Number Quanity of sown true (botanical) seeds germinated per cross or family Seeds germinated Record the flesh enzymatic oxidation color using color scale Tuber flesh oxidation color-Estimation Color difference bewteen mean tuber flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values at cutting and 15 minutes latter Compute the ∆E2000 bewteen mean tuber flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values at cutting and 15 minutes latter Leaf length - computation Measure the length from lobes to the tip using a measuring tape on sampled 20 adult leaves ( four leaves per plant and at leat five plants on a plot), and record the average length Secondary sprouting SecSP Emergence of secondary sprouts on a plant Sprout Secondary sprouting Pollinated spike number - Estimation Count the number of pollinated spikes per female parent per cross Corm separability from tuber corsep Corm separation from tuber separation Corm length Length of sprouted shoots (vines) Sprout length Spleng Sprout tons/ha Cracks on tuber surface Cracks CTBRS Tuber cracks Tuber 1-5 scale Compute the ∆E2000 between average tuber flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values and tuber flesh color of individual pixel values Mean color difference between average tuber flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values and tuber flesh color of individual pixel values plants per plot Compute the number of days required from fruit set to fruit phyisological maturity Fruit maturity time - Computation Duration of heterophylly period - Computing Compute the average of the period from emergence to first true leaf appearance on the main stem of 5 plants choosen randomly Appearance method Observe the surface of product and evaluate the frequency/number of the black points Record the smoothness or roughness of tuber skin in visual scale Tuber surface texture - Estimation 0-2 scale YamCol Colour The degree of whiteness of the pounded yam sample like a plain white paper or white flip chart/colour of boiled egg albumen, or Colour of the pounded yam comparable to that of Soymilk or “Eba” from white “Gaari”, or colour of Pounded yam comparable to that of greyness covering a boiled egg yolk, or colour of pounded yam, or colour of pounded yam comparable to that of evaporated liquid milk such as Peak milk, or colour of pounded yam comparable to boiled egg yolk that is light in colour, or colour of Pounded yam comparable to deep colour of Yellow maize, or colour of Pounded yam comparable to the colour whole wheat meal or colour of Pounded yam comparable to the colour of carton paper. Pounded yam colour Pounded yam Averaged crop vigor expressed in days from median emergence to 80% of maximum ground cover in subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Time at 80% of maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Duration from median emergence to 80% of maximum ground cover of subplot - Computation Record date when plant/s having the first inflorescence in a plot First inflorescence time - Estimation type Inflorescence Inflorescence type The arrangement of flowers on stem or twig of a plant Inft Plant NVP number Vine cuttings planted Vine cuttings planted days 1-5 scale Width of small size tubers-Computation Measure the width of at most five small size tubers (<500 gm) from net plot at wider portion of the tuber using calliper or measuring tape and record the average Tastebldyam Taste of boiled yam when eaten without any additional complementary food Boiled yam taste Boiled yam taste Number Bulbil yield (fresh weight) per hectar- Computation Computed the yield of bulbil per hectare using the formula. Small size yam fresh weight per plant-computation Compute by dividing fresh weight measurement of small size tubers taken to the number of harvested plants in a net plot weight Total fresh tuber weight per plot Tuber Total fresh weight of all category or size tubers harvested in a net plot TTWP Big size yam yield yield BTYld Big size tubers yield nonadjusted tons per hectare Big tuber This is when the pounded yam sticks or adhere to the fingers when it is touched with fingers or during moulding into bolus for swallowing. YamHdStic Pounded yam stickiness Pounded yam Stickiness Starch grain size Mean starch grain size of yam tuber flour yam flour Size Aerial tuber Bulbsp Shape Predominant shape of the bulbils Bulbil shape kg/plant End of flowering time - Computation Computing the number of days required from 50% of sprout emergence to when plant does not produce more new flowers. Texture of boiled yam-Estimation Sensory test of how soft or hard, smooth or lumpy when boiled yam sensed during mastication in mouth or feeling with hand Number of well established plants ( plants growing with good vigour and without severe constraints) in a plot Plant NESP Established plants Number Tuber yield no adjusted- Computation Computed as total tuber weight per plot divided by size of net or effective harvest plot and result multiplied by 10 Boiled yam Yam flavor BoilYamOdor Yam odour Boiled root Odour of boiled yam Tuber shape - Estimation Determination of the predominant shape in the entire family/plot as a unit Number of true seeds sown-counting Record the number of true seeds sown per cross or family Plant Heterophylly duration Mean duration between fisrt emergence and first true leaf apprearance on main stem of 5 plants choosen randomly Duration from emergence to first true leaf Assess the small or odour the pounded yam that sensed at the nose before the yam reaches mouth and make sensory score using scale how appetizing or appealing the pounded yam to eat Aroma of pounded yam-Estimation Bulbil yield (fresh weight) per plant-computation Compute the weight to harvested bulbils per plant Texture in the hand method After breaking or cutting, breaking or crumbling, evaluate the intensity of fine fibers between the fingers and visible to the eye Calculated as total tuber weight per plot divided by total number of tubers per plot Average tuber weight -computation twining habit Twining habit Plant Tendency of climbing or trailling TWNH Compute the sum of all category/size tubers (big, medium, small and rotten/diseased) in a net plot Total tuber harvested number-computation Leaf Severity of leaf beetle damage. Leaf beetle severity Leaf beetle damage severity Lfbtsev Nodes carrying cataphylles - Counting Compute the average of the number of nodes carrying cataphylles on the main stem of 5 plants choosen randomly Quantity of Female spikes where flowers has been pollinated using male flower from a monoecious or dioecious parent Pollinated spikes number Inflorescence number NPollSpk 0-1 scale number of seed 1-3 scale Vine cuttings planted -counting Count the numeber vine cuttings planted Compute as the total number of tubers in a net plot divided by the number of harvested plant per net plot Total tubers per plant-computation Texture in the mouth method Put the product between the molars and mash it to assess the number of chews before swallowing VirusSev Virus severity Virus severity Plant Grade of reaction of the plant to the viruses infection, varying from mottle, mosaics until total leaves deformation Compute the proportion tubers infested with mealybugs from the total number of harvested tubers per effective plot at time of harvesting. Mealybug tuber incidence - Computation Tuber flesh cross section color uniformity-estimation Record the uniformity of tuber flesh cross-section color using visual scale at fresh cut during harvest GDD°C Measure the length of at most five medium size tubers (?500 gm and <1kg ) from base to tip in a net plot at harvest and record the average Length of medium size tubers-Computation Calculated as weight of big size tubers per plot divided by total number of big size tubers per plot Big yam tuber average weight-computation µm Tuber oxidation-Estimation Record time in minutes lasted for cut tuber flesh to become or not oxidized and score in scale Plant sex sex Flower Sex Predominat plant or flower sex yam flour content Tuber flour starch content Tuber flour starch content Dryrot Number Tuber Dry rot caused by nematodes (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) in tubers at harvest Yam tuber dry rot incidence Root knot nematode damage incidence RKNInc Tuber Root knot nematode incidence Root knot incidence caused by Meloidogyne spp. Compute the number of days required for 50% of the plants in a plot showing foliage senescence Time to 50% foliage senescence time - Computation starch Yam starch breakdown The breakdown of yam starch extracted from fresh tubers were determined using a Rapid Visco-Analyser (RVA-TecMaster, Perten Instruments, Australia) starchbrk Tuber Observe and record the fresh cut flesh surface color at the middle part of the tuber at harvesting time. Tuber flesh color middle portion - Estimation number of leaf 0-4 general scale Number Number of big size tubers that weighing ?1 kg in a net plot or unit area Big size tubers per plot NBTP Big tuber Petiole length petlngth Length of petiole Lengh Petiole 1-5 scale Pounded yam taste Taste of pounded yam when eaten without any additional complementary food Taste of pounded yam TastePndedYam Seedling tranplant survival rate-computation Compute the proportion of seedlings survived or established well after transplant operation Rotten tuber fresh weight per plot - Measurement Record weight of rotten and/or diseased tubers harvested in a net plot corm Corm on tuber Presence Corm Presence or absence of corm on tuber Tuber flesh color lower or tail portion- Estimation Observe and record fresh cut tuber flesh surface color at the tail portion of the tuber at harvesting time. Record the number of germinated seedlings per cross or family Number of germinated seedling-Counting Measure the length of at most five big size tubers (?1kg) from base to tip in a net plot at harvest and record the average Length of big size tubers-Computation Elapsed time between planting date and date of 5th percentile emergence sprouts in a plot Latency before emergence Period duration from planting to first sprouts emergence Sprout Record of the existance of colored spot at base of spines on a sprout (vine) Colored spots on spine base-Estimation TNTPL Total tubers per plant Number of tubers harvested per plant Tuber Number Assess the small or odour the boiled yam that sensed at the nose before the yam reaches mouth and make sensory score using scale how appetizing or appealing the boiled yam to eat Aroma of boiled yam-Estimation The optical appearance of boiled yam related with surface glossy or dullness and light scattering power of boiled yam structure appearance Boiled yam appearance Boiled yam appboiledyam Small size tubers weight per plot STW Weight Small tuber Weight of small size tubers ( <0.5kg ) in a net plot or unit area Crumbness scale 0-100 Tuber flesh browning Oxidation intensity Tuber flesh Intensity of tuber flesh enzymatic oxidation (degree of flesh color change or browning of cut yam tuber) Score the sticknes or adhesiveness of pounded yam to consumern fingur using sensory test panelist Stickiness of pounded yam - Estimation Number of Leaves - Computation Count the number of leaves on at least five young plants in a plot at 30 days after emergence and record the average BoilYamHdCrum Boiled yam crumbness Crumbness in hand Boiled root Property of the product to crumble or break between the fingers Boiled root Stickness in hand Boiled yam stickness BoilYamHdStick Property related to the adhesion of the product between the fingers Length Small size tuber length Average length of small size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Small tuber Stbrleng Compute the number of big size tubers produced per plant using the formula number of big size tuber in a plot divided by the total number of harvested plants Big size tubers per plant-computation Fruit developed number Nfrts Quantity of developed fruits per crosses Number Fruit per cross kg Starch breakdown-Estimation A 1.7 g portion of starch was mixed with 25 g of distilled water in the RVA sample can, after correction for the original moisture contents of the starches Tuber flesh uniformity Uniformity of tuber flesh surface color in longitudinal section color Tuber flesh Canopy Senescence duration Senescence duration Time between 5 and 95% senescence Record the fresh weight of harvested bulbil or aerial tuber per net plot Bulbil yield (Plot weight) - Measurement Property related to the number of chews necessary to swallow the product Ease of chewing Boiled yam easiness to chew BoilYamMthChew Boiled root Compute the ∆E2000 bewteen mean tuber head and tail flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values Color difference bewteen mean tuber head and tail flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values Yam anthracnose disease incidence Plant Anthracnose incidence YADI Anthracnose incidence caused by the pathogen Colletotricum gloeosporioides. % of anthracnose ?blight? or leaf spotaffected plants in a plot Number of seed tubers planted in a plot or unit area Seed tuber Number Tubers planted NTP Medium size yam fresh weight per plant-computation Compute by dividing fresh weight measurement of medium size tubers taken to the number of harvested plants in a net plot number of florets Medium tuber Medium size tuber width Average width of medium size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Length Mtbrwd Texture in the hand stickness method Tuber flesh Sample is touched with fingers or moulded in the hands Tuber flesh oxidation Flesh oxidation Oxidation ratio of flesh Big size tubers yield adjusted tons per hectare yield Big size tuber yield adjusted BTYA Big tuber Determination of predominant size of the tuber in the entire family Tuber size - Estimation Tuber flesh oxidation Tuber Tfoxd Tuber flesh enzymatic oxidation rate Enzymatic oxidation rate 0-2 scale Maturity time Fruit Time to fruit maturity TIMFrtM Times 90% of fruits attain physiological maturity BoilYamPurp Purpleness Purple colour tending to pink after cooking Boiled root surface Boiled yam purpleness Stretchability Pounded yam stretchability Ability of pounded yam to stretch when pulled apart with fingers Pounded yam YamHdStr Corm on tubers-Estimation Score corm status of tubers using a binary scale Presence of fiber strands Presenceof ?ber strands fbrpdym Fibrousness of pounded yam Pounded yam Time between 5% emergence and 95% senescence Growth cycle length Growth cycle length Canopy Plant Foliage senescence time Datfsen Senescence time Time to all plants in a plot or unit area show full or complete foliage senescence Compute the average tuber width of all size measurement taken in a net plot Tuber wideth-computation Pounded yam appearance apppoundedyam appearance The optical appearance of pouned yam related with surface glossy or dullness and light scattering power of pounded yam structure Pounded yam Secondary sprouting - estimation Record emergence of new secondary sprouts from the planted seed tuber/sett in a plot at three months after planting Length of small size tubers-Computation Measure the length of at most five small size tubers (<500 gm) from base to tip in a net plot at harvest and record the average growth habit A tendency of a plant to grow in a certain shape and to attain a certain mature height and spread Plant type Plant Plntype Sweetness 0-100 Period from planting to 5% emergence Computation of the necessary time before 5% emergence using after-fitting inverse regression of log-logistic time-to-event modeling of weekly sprout counts expressed in days after planting Shape regularity - estimation Mouldability scale 0-10 Observe the regularity of tuber shape in visual scale Compute the proportion or ratio of vines cuttings survive and producing shoots from the total of planted vine cuttings Vines established-computation The surface color of stem Stmcol Stem color Stem color Observe the arrangement of leaves on stem or vine and rate it Leaf position - Estimation Smoothness Pounded yam Absence of lumps YamHdSmot Pounded yam smoothness Fruit index Compute the ratio of pollinated florets developing mature fruits Inflorescence initiation time Time of first inflorescence initiation TIMinflor Inflorescence initiation time Plant Tuber flesh white index computation from standardized image L*a*b* values Compute the white index based on the flesh surface color of tuber longitudinal section using image analysis with a color correction based on a custom color chart Roots position Prtbs Tuber Place of roots on tubers Position of appearance of roots at surface of tubers Boiled yam Boiled yam texture The physical attributes of boiled yam such as soft or hard/strong , smooth or lumpy when sensed by touch in mouth or with hands texture txtboiledyam Record the intensity of tuber hairs or secondary roots on the surface of harvested tubers Hairiness of tuber bark - Estimation Tuber flesh oxidation intensity-Estimation Score the intensity of tuber flesh oxidation (flesh surface color change) at different time interval (0, 30, 60, 180 minutes after cutting) using scale Calculated as big size yam tuber weight per plot divided by size of effective harvest plot mutiplied by 10 Big size yam yield no adjusted- Computation Dry rot incidence Tuber Yam tuber dry rot incidence Dry rot caused by nematodes (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) in tubers at harvest Dryrot 50% fruit set time-Estimation Record the date fruit set in 50% of plants in a plot NSTPL Small size tubers per plant Number of small size tubers ( <0.5kg) per plant Number Small tuber Observe the type of inflorescence and score it Inflorescence type-Estimation Pouned yam arompoundedyam Pounded yam aroma aroma The sense of smell or odor of pounded yam that reaches the nose before eating or the pounded yam reaches the mouth Record date the first seed germination observed per cross or family Time of first seed germination-Estimation Bulbil shape-Estimation Record shape of bulbils or aerial tubers in scale Record leaf shape of mature plants in a plot Leaf shape-Estimation tuber number/plant Fruit Fruit index is an estimation of pollinated flowers developing physiologically mature fruits fruiting ratio Fruit index Sprout color - estimation Record the predominant color of the sprouts (plant) per plot at 20 days after emergence Stem Stem hairiness Hairiness of stem stmhair hairiness Leaf beetle incidence Leaf beetle damage incidence Incidence of leaf beetle damage. Leaf Lfbtinc Tuber dry rot incidence - Computation Compute the proportion dry rot tubers from the total number of harvested tubers per effective plot Vein color vein color Color or pigmentation of leaf vein lveincol Leaf Tuber flour protein content Tuber flour protein content content yam flour Maximum ground cover Canopy Maximum ground cover Maximum ground cover Tbrleng Average length of all size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Tuber length Length Tuber Tuber surface look in relation to presence or absence of roots, thorns and sprouted buds on the tuber surface Tuber appearance Tuber Appearance Tbrappr number of spikes Growth vigor Canopy Duration from median emergence to 80% of maximum ground cover Crop vigor Tuber length-Computation Compute average tuber length of all size tubers measurement taken in a net plot Purpleness scale 0-100 The physical attributes of pounded yam such as soft or hard/strong , smooth or lumpy when sensed by touch in mouth or with hands texture txtpoundedyam Pounded yam texture Pounded yam The surface color of the yam tuber flesh Tuber flesh color color Tuber flesh Tbrfclr height Stem height Stem Stmht Height or the length of stem Compute number of days required from sprout emergence to 50% of plants in a plot start forming bulbils or aerial tubers Bulbil initiation time - Computation Percentage 0-7 scale Organisation or structural arrangements of branchs and leaves distribution giving a specific shape to the above ground part of the plant architecture Canopy Canarc Canopy architecture The leaf surface color or pigmentation mlfcol Leaf color Leaf color The degree to which the pounded yam is adhesive or stick to the fingure, mouth surface and teeth Pounded yam StickPndedYam Stickiness of pounded yam Stickiness Small tuber Weight of small size yam per plant Weight Small size tuber weight per plant WSTPL Average weight of big size tubers in kg Weight AWBT Average weigth of big size tuber Big tuber Tuber flesh Txf Tuber flesh texture texture Texture of tuber flesh Time first sprout emergence-Estimation Record date of first spout emergence in a plot Total tuber fresh weight per plant-computation Compute by dividing fresh weight measurement of all categroy/size tubers taken in a plot to the number of harvested plant in a net plot Dormancy period -Estimation Assess the proportion of sprouted tubers at different time interval (once a week) from harvesting up to three months after harvesting and rate the dormancy period in scale Assess the color of leaf on a young plant Leaf color - Estimation Count the number of tubers in a plot weighing ? 500 gm and <1 kg harvested per effective plot Medium size tubers harvested number- counting Taste of boiled yam-Estimation Feel the taste of boiled yam in mouth and make sensory score using scale how pleasing to the taste Weight of medium size tuber yam per plant Medium tuber Medium size tuber weight per plant weight WMTPL end of flowering time TIMEF Plant End of flowering time or when a plant does not produce new flower in a plot Time to end of flowering color The surface browness of the yam tuber flesh Tuber flesh Browness of the Tuber flesh colour Times to first sprout emergence-Computation Compute the number of days required from date of planting to the date first sprout or plant in a plot or unit area emerged Springiness Pounded yam Distance to which the deformed material can be sretchable sprgpdym Springiness of pounded yam Earliness of emergence Elapsed time between planting date and date of 50% emergence sprouts in a plot Sprout Period duration from planting to 50% sprout emergence Plant Number Mean number of nodes carrying cataphylles on main stem of 5 plants choosen randomly Number of nodes carrying cataphylles germination ending time Time last seed germination occurred Seed Seeds germination end time germend Record appearance of crazy roots on tuber surface at harvest Crazy roots presence on tubers at harvest-Estimation Compute the number of medium size tubers produced per plant using the formula number of medium size tuber in a plot divided by the total number of harvested plants Medium size tubers per plant-computation Tuber flesh color reading -measurement Measure the flesh surface color of tuber (head, middle and tail portion) at different time interval (0, 30, 60, 180 minutes after cutting) using colorimeter (a color spectrophotometer) or standard color chart. Record leaf apex shape of mature plants in a plot Leaf apex shape-Estimation Root knot nematode severity - Estimation Root knot nematode severity estimation in a range from no symptoms to highly severe galling scored in secondary roots of the plant and tubers adventitious roots. Record the weight of small size ( < 500 gm) tubers in a net plot Small size tubers fresh weight per plot- measurement TTYNA Tuber yield Total tuber yield nonadjusted tons per hectare Total tuber yield Record the abundance or intesity of flowering when more than 50% of the plants are flowered in a plot Flowering intensity - Estimation Leaf Width width lfwdt Leaf Width of leaf arombldyam aroma The sense of smell or odor of boiled yam that reaches the nose before eating or the boiled yam reaches the mouth Boiled yam Boiled yam aroma Boiled yam surface black points presence BoilYamBlackspo Black points presence Refers to the presence of small black points on the surface of product Boiled root surface bulbil/plant Compute the average sprout length of five representative plants measurement taken in a plot Sprout length-computation 1-7 scale Fibrousness in hand Boiled root Refers to the presence of fine fibers between the fingers and visible to the eye BoilYamHdFibr Boiled yam fibrousness Tuber flesh color computation from standardized image L*a*b* values Compute the average of the flesh surface color of tuber longitudinal section using image analysis with a color correction based on a custom color chart Small tuber Average width of small size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Length Stbrwd Small size tuber width MbugInc Tuber Incidence of mealybug tuber infestation. Mealybug tuber infestation incidence Mealybug tuber infestation incidence Total fresh weight of all category or size tubers per plant Tuber TTWPL Total tuber weight per plant weight 0-3 scale Measure the width of at most five medium size tubers (?500 gm and <1kg )from net plot at wider portion of the tuber using calliper or measuring tape and record the average Width of medium size tubers-Computation fflrint abondance Flower Intensity or abudance of female flowers on spikes/infloresences Female flowering intensity Record date the last seed germination observed per cross or family Date end of seed germination-Estimation 1-2 scale Presence of cataphylle Observe the presence or absence of cataphylle Fruits/cross Measure the weight of N planted tubers (seed yams or setts) and record the average Setts or seed yams planted weight - Computation Germination rate - Computation Compute the proportion of sown true or botanical seed which germinate and produce seedling ready for transplant , usually observed at three weeks after sowing. Spines on sprout base-estimation Record absence or presence of spines on a sprout (vine) Compute the number of days required from sprout emergence or planting to when all plants had fully senesced Foliage senescence time - Computation Sdsown Number Quantity of botanical or true seeds sown per family or cross Seeds sown Seed sown content yam flour Tuber flour sugar content Tuber flour sugar content Record date 50% of sprouts in a plot emerged Time 50% of sprout emergence-Estimation Average length of big size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Length Btbrleng Big size tuber length Big tuber gm/sett Hardness scale 0-100 Black spots presence scale 0-100 Averaged maximum ground cover over two subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Maximum ground cover computed from ground cover dynamic modeled using time to event Beta Growth model. Subplot maximum ground cover from weekly image analysis - Computation Observe the occurance or presence of dry rot caused by nematods (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) on harvested tubers and record the presence and absence Dry rot presence on harvested tubers-Estimation Whiteness scale 0-100 Compute the proportion tubers showing root knot nematode symptoms from the total number of harvested tubers in effective plot Root knot nematode incidence - Computation Visual assessment of spines on a stem (vine) above the base of mature plants in a plot Density of spines on stem base of a plant-Etimation Averaged growth cycle duration expressed in days between 5% emergence and 95% senescence (i.e. 5% of maximum ground cover after time to maximum ground cover) in two subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Median senescence computed from inflection point value using log-logistic time-to-event modeling of weekly sprout counts expressed in days after planting. Time at 5% of maximum growth after time at maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Duration between 5% emergence and 95% senescence of subplot - Computation Big size yam fresh weight per plant- computation Compute by dividing fresh weight measurement of big size tubers taken to the number of harvested plants in a net plot Bitterness after taste 0-100 Tuber beetle severity or intensity estimated usually as number of nymph present in tubers at harvesting time. Tuber beetle severity - Estimation Times to the first leaf emergence on sprouted shoot (vines)-Computation Compute the number of days required from first sprout emergence to the first leaf to emerge on a sprouted shoot (vine) in a plot WTP Weight Weight of planted tubers Seed tuber Weight of seed tubers (whole seed yams or setts ) planted in a plot or per unit area. Planting material from a tuber is called sett. Seed tuber could be either small, healthy whole tuber or large tubers cut into pieces (sett) color Tuber flesh The surface yellowness of the yam tuber flesh Yellowness of the Flesh colour Record the weight of medium size ( ? 500 gm and <1 kg) tubers in a net plot Medium size tubers fresh weight per plot -measurement Record the number of harvested fruits per cross Fruits harvested number - Counting Mealybug tuber infestation severity Severity of mealybug tuber infestation. MbugSev Mealybug tuber infestation severity Tuber Compute the proportion of anthracnose damaged individuals or their parts , commonly the portion of plant units in a plot. Count anthracnose disease ?blight? or leaf spot affected plants in plot twice (First inspection at 10 to 12 weeks post planting and second inspection after 2 to 4 weeks before harvesting ) and compute the proportion of damanged Anthracnose incidence - Estimation Dry rot caused by nematodes (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) in tubers at harvest Dryrot Dry rot severity Tuber Yam tuber dry rot severity Dry rot tuber number-counting Take count of dry rot tubers per plot at harvest ThornInt Intensity of thorns on the tuber surface Tuber Thorn or spine intesity Tuber thorniness intensity Flower initaition time - Estimation Record time (date) of first flower initiation in a plot or the date any of the plants in a plot shows the first flower Count the number of pollinated florets per female parent per cross Floret pollinated number - Counting Fruit set number - Computation Compute the fruit set number as proportion of pollinated flowers developing or setting a fruit and expressed in % Tuber dormancy period Tuber dormancy period Dormancy period Tuber TubDorm Assess hairiness of leaf surface (lower part) Leaf hairiness - Estimation Whitness of the Flesh colour color Tuber flesh The surface whiteness of the yam tuber flesh Time to 50% foliage senescence 50% Senescence time Time when 50% of the plants in a plot are showing signs of foliage senescence TIMsen Plant diameter Stem diameter Stem STMDM Stem diameter of a mature plant (5 to 6 month old plant) Flower initaition time - Computation Computing the number of days required from first sprout emergence to first flower initiation Senescence earliness Growth duration Canopy Time from median emergence to 5% senescence Observe and score scale insect infestation on tuber at harvest Scale insect infestation - Estimation Seed index Compute the ratio of pollinated florets developing seeds rvt Compute the proportion or ratio of well-established plants in a plot from the total number of tubers (seed yam or setts) planted Field establishment-Computation Record existance of hairs on a sprout (vine) Hairiness of sprout - Estimation Total tubers per plot Number of total (all size) tubers in a net plot or unit area Number Tuber TNTP Crazy roots CRZROOT Crazy roots presence presence Appearance of crazy roots on tuber surface Ability of the pounded yam to stick together easily without disintegrating or cohesive and being easy to mould. Pounded yam mouldability/cohesiveness YamHdMoul Pounded yam Mouldability/cohesiveness 1-9 scale Virus incidence Plant Virus incidence Reaction of the total plants per plot to the virus infection, producing yellow mottle, mosaic and leaves deformation VirusInc Twining direction twining direction Twining direction Vine twndir Period duration from first to last sprouts emergence Emergence vigor Elapsed time between time of 5th and 95th percentiles emergence sprouts in a plot Sprout Number of branchs - computation Count the number of branches above ground on at least five mature plants in a plot and record the average Number of an emerged plants (sprouts) in a plot Number of emerged plants Number Plant or sprout NEP True seed Number of true seed harvested or obained per cross or family Number Tsdh True seeds harvested Tubers (seed yams or setts) planted - Counting Count the number of tubers (seed yams or setts) planted per plot (unit area) plant per plot Brownness scale 0-100 Assess the leaf beetle infestation at two and five months after planting and record its severity Leaf beetle severity - Estimation SE Plant Senescence Maturity class Foliage senescence or maturity class Surface color resulting of tuber flesh enzymatic oxidation Tuber Tuber flesh oxidation color Foxdc Oxidation color SPBCOL Presence of spot on spine base Presence of colored spots at the spine base of sprouted shoots (vine) with spines colored spot Spine Record time of the first leaf emergence on sprouted shoot (vine) Time of first leaf emergence on sprouted shoot (vines)-Estimation 1-3 general scale Weight of medium size tubers (? 0.5kg and <1 kg) in a net plot or unit area MTW Medium size tubers weight per plot Medium tuber Weight Sprout Color of the sprout (vine and leaves). Sprout color color SprtCol Compute number of growing degree days required from planting (or 50% emergence) to 50% foliage senescence or maturity. Growing degree days to maturity-Estimation Tuber Tuber dry matter content TubDMC Dry matter content Proportion of dry matter in the tuber. Number of plant Number of bulbil - Computation Count number of aerial tubers or vine bulbils on plants in a net plot and compute the average number bulbils per plant Foliage senescence time - Estimation Record the date when all plants in a plot shows a sign of 100% foliage senescence Big size tubers weight per plot Big tuber Weight BTW Weight of big size tubers ( ?1 kg) in a net plot or unit area Record the twining or climbing direction of the vine Twining direction-Estimation Time the first seed germination occurred Seeds germination start time germination starting time germstart Seed Corm size Corm corsz Size of corm in relation to tuber Size Boiled yam brownness Brown colour of product after cooking Brownness Boiled root surface BoilYamBrow Stem diameter-computation Measure the stem diameter at 15 cm above the base of five plants before senescence in a plot and record the average TTYA Total tuber yield adjusted yield Total tuber yield adjusted tons per hectare Tuber Determination of predominant canopy architecture Canopy architecture - Estimation Ratio between subplot ground cover area and its respective convex hull area - Computation Averaged crop cover compactness over two subplots images around time of 50% of maximum ground cover. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Time at 50% of maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Images choosen as near as possible of date of time at 50% of maximum growth . Compactness computed as the ration between ground cover area (pixels) and its respective convex hull area (pixels). number of tubers Seedling Establishment rate of seedlings four weeks after transplanting operation Survival rate Tsurvrat Seedling transplant survival rate Tuber flesh brown index computation from standardized image L*a*b* values Compute the brown index based on the flesh surface color of tuber longitudinal section using image analysis with a color correction based on a custom color chart Record the date of fruits harvest in a crossing block or from plant Fruit harvesting time- Estimation Quantity of true seed harvested -Counting Record the total number of true seed or botanical seed harvested or obtained per cross or family Pollination type-Estimation Record the method used to transfer the pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower of the same or different plant of the same species Compute the proportion of seedlings per family (cross) establish well and ready for transplanting, usually recorded at five weeks after sowing. Seedling establishment rate-computation Record the weight of big size ( ?1 kg) tubers in a net plot Big size tubers fresh weight per plot- measurement During chewing, bitter taste after swallowing, eg there is a light bitter aftertaste Boiled root BoilYamBitteraft Boiled yam bitter after taste Bitterness after taste Branch Number of branches above ground Branch number branch Number Observe the femal flowering intensity or abudance per inflorences and rate Femal flowers abundance or intensity per inflorescence-Estimation Springiness of pounded yam-Estimation Score the distance to which the deformed material can be or degree of stretchabiliy pounded yam in intesity scale Intensity or proportion of fruit set or development under open or controlled pollination. Fruit set NFrtSet Proportion Fruit set number method_of Fibrousness scale 0-100 Intensity of tuber flesh enzymatic oxidation (degree of flesh color change or browning of cut yam tuber) Tuber Intoxd Tuber flesh oxidation intensity Oxidation intensity Tuber shape Shape TbrSh Tuber predominant shape Tuber Measure the length or height of stem or vine of at least five mature plants in a plot using measuring tape at five to six months after sprout emergence and record the average Stem height - computation Compute average number of internodes to first branching of at least five plants internode counts taken in a plot Number of internode-computation Stand harvested number Haversted plant Number of plants harvested NPH number Sensory test of how soft or hard, smooth or lumpy when pouned yam sensed during mastication in mouth or feeling with hand Texture of pounded yam-Estimation PVigor Plant Vigor vigor The vigour of the vine and leaves of the new plant. Plant Chewingness scale 0-100 Appearance of pounded yam-Estimation Observe the appearance (structure and pigmentation) of pouned yam and make visual score using scale how attractive or appealing on table or plate to eat Corm type-Estimation Record the corm type as regular, transversally elongated or brached using scale Total tuber fresh weight per plot -computation Compute the sum all category or size of tubers (Big, medium, small size, and rotten and diseased) fresh weight per plot Score taste of pounded yam using sensory test panalist Taste of pounded yam - Estimation Odour method Take a whiff and evaluate the intensity of yam odour Leaf beetle incidence - Computation Compute the proportion of plants with leaf beetle damage from the total number of plants in the effective plots on leaf beetle damange record taken twice(at two and five months after planting date) Tuber Size Tuber size TbrSz Tuber size Leaf shape of plants Leaf shape shape Leaf Lfshp Compute the proportion tubers with tubers beetle damage from the total number of harvested tubers in the effective plot at harvesting time. Tuber beetle incidence - Computation Big size tubers per plant number Number of big size tubers ( ?1 kg) per plant Big tuber NBTPL Assess the color of leaf vein on the upper surface Vein color - Estimation Compute the number of days required from 50% of sprouts in plot emerged to 50% of plants in a plot are having at least one flower/inflorescence 50% flowering time - Computation Date crossing-Estimation Record the date crossing made in particular flower of a plant. 1-5 general scale RKNSev Tuber Root knot nematode severity Root knot severity caused by Meloidogyne spp. Root knot nematode severity Length of leaf Leaf length Leaf length lflngth Number of seeds developed per fruit after hand flowers pollination Set seed per Fruit SdSet Seeds set per fruit number Petiole length - Computation Measure the length of petiole using measuring tape on sampled 20 adult leaves ( four leaves per plant on at leat five plants in a plot), and record the average length TIMFSE Plant or sprout Time to the first sprout (plant) emerge in a plot First emergence time First sprout emergence time Score the presence or absence of ?ber strands on pounded yam Presence of fiber strand-Estimation Record appearance of cracks on tuber surface as absent, few and many Cracks on the tuber surface-Estimation Boiled yam color colbldyam Boiled yam Optical color or pigmentation of boiled yam color Score the degree of fruit development in scale Fruit development intensity-Estimation Record the predominant color of stem on mature plant at five to six month after emergence using a five color scale Stem color - Estimation Time to flower initiation Plant TIMFlrin Flower initiation time Time of the first flower initiation on a plant/s in a plot or any of the plants in a plot shows the first flower colpoundedyam Pounded yam Optical color or pigmentation of pounded yam color Pounded yam color color Tuber flesh color Tuber flesh The surface color of the yam tuber flesh Plant harvested number - Counting Counting the number of plants where tubers were harvested in a plot Boiled root Sweetness Boiled yam sweetness BoilYamSweet Basic light sugary taste like a little glucose or sucrose in water solution Period from 5% to 95% emergence Computation of the substraction between the necessary time before 95% and 5% emergence using after-fitting inverse regression of log-logistic time-to-event modeling of weekly sprout counts expressed in days after planting 50% flowering time - Estimation Record time (date) 50% plants in a plot are having at least one flower/inflorescence RTBS Presence of secondary roots on the tuber bark Tuber hairiness Tuber hairiness Smoothness of pounded yam- Estimation Score the smoothnessof the pounded yam , i.e., absence of lumps by finger feeling and using intensity scale Anthracnose severity - Estimation Observe relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by yam anthracnose disease and record the severity as a proportion or percentage of plant surface affected.It is visual score in scale under screenhouse, artificial inoculation or under field natural infestation. For artificial inoculation use a suspension of three most virulent strains of Colletothrichum gloeosporioides and inoculate the plants raised from vine cutting in vertical sack or other means by spraying. For natural infestation, scores can be taken 10 to 12 weeks after planting and second scoring about 4-6 weeks before harvesting . Artificial inoculation should be scored at 3 days after inoculation(DAI) , and repeated at 7DAI, 11DAI and 15DAI Number of stems per plant-computation Compute average of the number of stems (vines) per established plants in a plot Spines on sprout presence Presense Presence of spines on sprout (vines) SPNSP Spine on sprout Count the number of tubers in a plot weighing less than 500 gm harvested per effective plot Small size tubers harvested per plot number - counting Stickness scale 0-100 Ability to set or form fruts-Estimation Observe fruit setting or formation of female flowers of monoeciouse and dieciouse plants and rate the ability set for form fruits Fruit set number - Estimation Assess the fruit number as fruiting intensity in categorical scale when more than 50% of the plants set fruits Medium size tuber length Mtbrleng Length Medium tuber Average length of medium size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Record date when 50% of plants in a plot begin producing bulbils or aerial tubers Bulbil initiaition time - Estimation m Compute the number of days required to first inflorescence emergence in a plot First inflorescence time - Compuation Averaged senescence period duration expressed in days between 5 and 95% senescence (i.e. 95% and 5% of maximum ground cover after time to maximum ground cover) in two subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Time at 95% and 5% of maximum growth after time at maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Duration between 5 and 95% senescence of subplot - Computation 1-4 score Prediction of sugar content using NIRS spectra (FOSS 6500) of tuber flour sample NIRS model prediction - computation Score the length oxidation (from head) and the length tuber and record the oxidation length / length tuber ratio Flesh oxidation - computation Stretchability scale 0-10 Observe the optical color or pigementation of pounded yam and make visual score using scale how acceptable or appealing on table or plate to eat Color of pounded yam-Estimation Internode length -computation Measure the internode length of five plants before senescence at 1 meter height and record the average Granuliness 0-100 Record the tendency of vine to twine or climb Twining habit-Estimation Leaf density Leaf Lfden Variation in leaf mass of the plant density Leaf apex shape Leaf apex shape Leaf apex shape Lfapx Tuber dry matter content - Computation Select at least five random whole tubers from a net plot and cut small slices (1-2 mm) from proximal, middle and distal portion and mixed thoroughly. Record fresh weight and determin dry weight of samples by drying at 70∞C for 72 h in a forced air oven. A proportion between the dry weight and the fresh weight is calculated. Corm size-Estimation Record corm size in relation to tuber size using three scale Calculated as big size yam tuber weight per per plant mutiplied by planting density and result divided by 1000 Big size yam yield adjusted-computation Tuber Tbrtxtur texture Tuber surface texture Tuber surface smoothness Nodes carrying cataphylle per plant Stickness scale 0-10 Average width of big size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Big tuber Btbrwd Length Big size tuber width Tuber Dryrot Dry rot presence Dry rot caused by nematodes (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) in tubers at harvest Yam tuber dry rot presence 0-4 scale Tuber thorniness - Estimation Record the presence or absence of thorns or spines on the tuber skin in visual scale number of fruits Severity of tuber beetle damage. Tuber beetle severity Tuber Tuber beetle severity Tubtlsev Record the date 90% of the developed fruits shows sign of physiological maturity (turning brown) Fruit maturity time - Estimation Visual assessment of the plant vigour in a plot at two month after planting Plant Vigor - Estimation Duration from median emergence to 5% senescence of subplot - Computation Averaged senescence earliness expressed in days from median emergence to 5% senescence (i.e. 95% of maximum ground cover after time to maximum ground cover) in two subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Time at 95% of maximum growth after time at maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Score the severity of dry rot in harvested tubers Tuber dry rot severity - Estimation number of fruit Compute the number of days required from date of planting to the date 50% of sprouts or plants in a plot emerged Times to 50% spout emergence-Computation Yam odour scale 0-100 length Stem internode Internode length Intndlngth Internode length scale insect infestation Tuber Scale insect infestation on tubers at harvest Scale insect infestation Scalisec 0-1 binary scale 0-9 scale Count the number of rotten and/or diseased tubers in effective plot Rotten tubers in a plot number-counting scale_of variable_of Tuber flesh yellow index computation from standardized image L*a*b* values Compute the yellow index based on the flesh surface color of tuber longitudinal section using image analysis with a color correction based on a custom color chart