A. Lopez-Montes FLRI IITA Flowering intensity estimation 0-9 A. Lopez-Montes AnthracInc IITA yam anthracnose disease incidence computation % Intensity of tuber flesh oxidation computation D.Cornet Cirad 7 Yellow Fruit development status estimation 1-2 IITA A.Amele Leaf density estimation 1-7 IITA A.Amele Anthracnose symptoms covering ~26 t0 ~50% of the plant. One or two spots of more than 1 cm diameter width, and dry tissue on the leaf surface. Small dark and no dried spots with more than 1 cm width, are present 3 7 brownish white IITA stnp Stems per plant computation per plant A. Lopez-Montes Not crumby 0 FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam black spots presence scale 0-100 Laurent Adinsi Few anthracnose spots or sysmptoms on 1 t0 ~25% of the plant. One or two spots of less than 1 cm diameter width, and dry tissue on the leaf surface 2 A. Lopez-Montes Tuber size estimation 1-3 IITA TUBSIZE 2 Off-white Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam granuleness 0-100 Cirad Tuber flour sugar content computation D.Cornet D.Cornet Cirad Latency period duration computation in number of days from planting to 5% sprouts emergence Bowen University, Nigeria Pounded yam smoothness scale 0-10 YamSmot_Meas_0to10 Bolanle Otegbayo IITA Taste_BY Boiled yam taste estimation 1-5 scale A.mele A. Lopez-Montes IITA End of flowering time estimation in yy/mm/dd DtendFlr IITA Maturity time estimation GGD A.Amele 100 Pure white IITA Btl_S Leaf beetle damage severity estimation in 1-5 A. Lopez-Montes A. Lopez-Montes IITA Flower initiation time estimation in yy/mm/dd DtFlrin IITA A.Amele Emerday First sprout emergence time computation in days 0 no thorns or spines on tuber surface Fruit maturity time estimation in yy/mm/dd A.Amele IITA Flesh oxidation color estimation 1-4 IITA A.Amele Seeds sown/family counting IITA A.Amele Duration of heterophyllic period computation in days after planting Cirad D.Cornet A.Amele Presence of tuber dry rot estimation in 0&1 IITA A.Amele IITA Small size tuber length computation in cm Time to first leaf emergence computation IITA A.Amele Aroma_BY Boiled yam aroma estimation 1-5 scale A.mele IITA Time to 50% foliage senescence computation in days IITA A.Amele DM Cirad Earliness of emergence computation in number of days from planting to 50% sprouts emergence D.Cornet Number of nodes carrying cataphylles before first true leaf counting/plant Cirad D.Cornet Very stretchable 10 IITA Txt_PY A.mele Pounded yam texture estimation 1-3 scale Fiber estimation 1-2 IITA A.Amele A. Lopez-Montes IITA Tuber surface texture estimation 1-2 DAFGR A.Amele IITA Seeds germination start time estimation in yy/mm/dd A. Lopez-Montes Hairiness of tuber estimation 1-3 TBR_Hairy IITA very attractive 3 Neither like nor dislike 3 Rot_Wt A. Lopez-Montes IITA Weight of rotten/diseased tubers per plot measurement in kg A.Amele IITA Scale insect infestation estimation 0-2 D.Cornet Cirad Growth cycle length computation in days between 5% emergence and 95% senescence Absent 0 FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam chewingness scale 0-100 Laurent Adinsi D.Cornet Cirad Senescence earliness computation in days from median emergence to 5% senescence Low 3 D.Cornet Senescence period duration computation in days between 5 and 95% senescence Cirad not attractive 1 Total tubers per plot computation A.Amele IITA IITA Seeds germinated counting A.Amele 100 Present FSA-UAC, BÈnin Laurent Adinsi Boiled yam whiteness scale 0-100 Emergence vigor computation in number of days between 5% and 95% sprouts emergence Cirad D.Cornet A.Amele IITA Vine cuttings planted count Btbrwidth A.Amele IITA Big tuber width computation in cm IITA A.Amele Number of leaves per plant count A.Amele IITA Tuber oxidation estimation 1-3 Oxid IITA DyFemer A.Amele 50% sprout emergence time computation in days like extremely 5 Boiled yam appearance estimation 1-5 scale A.mele Appearance_BY IITA A. Lopez-Montes sder IITA Seedling establishment rate percentage A.Amele Mtbrwidth Medium tuber width computation in cm IITA A.mele Color_BY IITA Boiled yam color estimation 1-5 scale Fruit harvest time estimation in yy/mm/dd IITA A.Amele IITA A.Amele Corm size estimation 1-3 Cormsize IITA A.Amele Mature leaf color estimation 1-5 IITA A.Amele Sprout hairiness estimation nominal 0&2 S_Brs A. Lopez-Montes IITA Tuber dry rot severity estimation 0-4 IITA Root knot nematode incidence computation % R_Kni A. Lopez-Montes Lower surface leaf hairiness estimation 0-2 IITA A.Amele Big tuber yield computation in t/ha A. Lopez-Montes IITA Pale green 2 Maximum ground cover computation in % Cirad D.Cornet Purple 4 Average tuber width computation in cm A.Amele IITA tbrwidth A.Amele IITA Corm estimation binary 0&1 A. Lopez-Montes IITA Pollinated florets counting Cirad Tuber flesh whiteness computation D.Cornet like extremely 5 Petiole length measurement in cm IITA A.Amele Total tuber yield computation in t/ha IITA A.Amele TubYld Stem color estimatiion 1-5 IITA A.Amele oxidizes more than 3 minutes 3 Dayflrin A. Lopez-Montes IITA Fower initiation time computation in days A.Amele Btbrwt IITA Weight of big tubers per plot measurement in kg 10 Mouldable Uniformity of tuber flesh color estimation binary 0&1 flcol_uni IITA A.Amele Late (75% of the plants in a plot with still green foliage but few plants (upto 25% plants in a plot) showing up to 25% of leaves senescence 3 A.Amele IITA Weight of medium tubers per plant computation kgplt 100 Easy IITA Number of dry rot tubers count A.Amele A. Lopez-Montes IITA R_kns Root knot nematode severity estimation in 1-5 A.Amele IITA Emerged plants counting/plot D.Cornet Cirad Heterophylly presence estimation nominal 0&1 A. Lopez-Montes IITA Plant vigor estimation 1-3 PLNV IITA Pounded yam appearance estimation 1-3 scale Appearance_PY A.mele IITA fruit set number percentage A. Lopez-Montes IITA A.Amele Medium tubers per plant computation Yes 1 A.mele Boiled yam texture estimation 1-5 scale Txt_BY IITA 1 1-25% tuber skin showing symptoms SPCOLO Sprout color estimation 1-5 A. Lopez-Montes IITA A.Amele Smoothness estimation 1-3 IITA Very Late (all the plants in a plot still show green foliage (green leaf and vine) 1 A.Amele IITA Average tuber weight computation in kg Medium stretchability 5 A.Amele Tuber yield adjusted computation in t/ha IITA Cirad Crop cover compactness computation D.Cornet Canopy A. Lopez-Montes Canopy architecture estimation 1-4 IITA A.Amele IITA Crazy roots presence estimation 0&1 Light brown 8 Very hard 10 0 absence IITA Con_Taste_PY Taste estimation 1-5 A. Lopez-Montes 1 aborted flower. Presence of small or rudimentary inflorescences/flowers that can show an abortion or abscission point at joint of the pedicel Inflorescence type estimation IITA A.Amele Young leaf color estimation 1-5 A.Amele IITA Laurent Adinsi Boiled yam bitter after taste 0-100 FSA-UAC, BÈnin Leaf shape estimation 1-7 A.Amele IITA 9 Extremely pofuse (plant producing with abundant flowring mostly more than 50 inflorescences per plant) A.Amele Intensity of tuber flesh oxidation estimation 0-3 IITA fflrab Female flowering intensity per spike estimation 1-4 IITA A.Amele No brown 0 pounded yam color estimation 1-5 scale IITA Color_PY A.mele IITA A.Amele Lower surface vein color estimation 1-4 A.Amele IITA Weight of small tuber per plant computation kgplant 2 oxidizes between 1 and 2 minure after cutting Bulbil yield per plant measurement in kg IITA AetbrwtPl A.Amele Pounded yam hardness scale 0-10 Bowen University, Nigeria YamHar_Meas_0to10 Bolanle Otegbayo Easy to cut 0 IITA A.Amele Spines on stem estimation 0-2 IITA Plant type estimation 1-3 A.Amele GH IITA A.Amele Fruit index computation 0 to 1 Fibers 100 Monoecious female(f>m) 4 A.Amele IITA Internode length measurement in cm 2 Oval No visible symptoms of anthracnose disease or infection spot on the leaf surface 1 Pounded yam mouldability scale 0-10 Bolanle Otegbayo YamMoul_Meas_0to10 Bowen University, Nigeria A.Amele 50% sprout emergence time estimation in yy/mm/dd IITA DtFemer IITA A.Amele Leaf position estiamtion 1-3 A.Amele Cohesiveness estimation 1-3 IITA 1 White Spine base color estimation nominal 0&1 IITA A.Amele Aetubwtp A.Amele IITA Bulbil weight per plot measurement in kg A. Lopez-Montes Thorn IITA Tuber thorniness estimation 0&1 A. Lopez-Montes Tuber flesh color lower portion estimation 1-9 IITA Flcolr_tail IITA A.Amele Spines on sprout presence estimation nominal 0&1 A.Amele Field establishment rate compuation in % IITA Estbp-ratio Bolanle Otegbayo YamStr_Meas_0to10 Bowen University, Nigeria Pounded yam stretchability scale 0-10 Leaf length measurement in cm IITA A.Amele A.Amele Small tubers per plant compuatation IITA Flcolr_middle Tuber flesh color middle portion estimation 1-9 A. Lopez-Montes IITA 2 moderately attractive Brown 9 Cylindrical 3 Tuber flour starch content computation D.Cornet Cirad Cirad D.Cornet Tuber flesh color computation very bitter 1 Big lumps 0 0 Not streachable End of seeds germination time estiamtion in yy/mm/dd IITA A.Amele DAEGR A.Amele IITA Small tubers per plot counting number Light yellow 6 Seed germination rate percentage IITA GR A. Lopez-Montes Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam bitterness 0-100 A.Amele IITA Time to 50% foliage senescence estimation in yy/mm/dd DATS IITA A.Amele Weight of big tubers per plant measurement in kg MTWPL 5 Medium mouldability Yellow 3 Seeds set/fruit computation A. Lopez-Montes IITA Boiled yam brownness scale 0-100 Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Leaf width measurement in cm IITA A.Amele First sprout emergence time estimation in yy/mm/dd IITA A.Amele Emerdt A. Amele Twining direction estimation 1-2 IITA IITA A.Amele Total tuber weight per plant computation in kg like 4 Stbrwidth IITA A.Amele Small tuber width computation in cm IITA Dorm Tuber dormancy period estimation A. Lopez-Montes Cirad D.Cornet Tuber flour protein content computation Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam stickness scale 0-100 IITA Dayendflr End of flowering time computation in days A. Lopez-Montes 7 early (The plants have senescent foliage (75% of the plants in a plot with 50% leaves showing sign of yellowing but the vines still green) A.Amele IITA Tbrflcolr Tuber flesh color measurement M_Bs A. Lopez-Montes Mealybug severity estimation in 1-5 IITA Crumby 100 Pounded yam colour scale 1-9 Bowen University, Nigeria YamCol_Meas_1to9 Bolanle Otegbayo DAYHS A. Lopez-Montes IITA Foliage senescence time computation in days 5 Medium (50% of the plants are still green or on the onset of senescence. Only 50% plants in a plot with 25% of the leaves showing senescence or slight yellowing A.Amele IITA Seed index computation 0 to 1 IITA A.Amele Total tuber weight per plot computation in kg Moderate (producing some flowers mostly 10-29 inflorescences per plant) 5 3 51-75% tuber skin showing symptoms IITA A.Amele SECSP Secondary sprouting estimation nominal 0&1 IITA A.Amele Cormtype Corm type estimation 1-3 A.Amele IITA First inflorescence initiation time computation A.Amele IITA yam starch breakdown RVT Brown 100 IITA A.Amele Mtbrwt Weight medium tubers per plot measurement in kg D.Cornet Starch grain size computation Cirad IITA Aetbrshap A.Amele Shape of bulbil estimation 1-4 D.Cornet Tuber flesh color gradient computation Cirad No 0 IITA Bulbil presence estimation 0&1 AeTuber A. Lopez-Montes Senescence class estimation 1-9 A.Amele IITA MatC Fruit set number estimation 1-3 A. Lopez-Montes IITA FRTINT A.Amele IITA Tuber thorniness intensity estimation 0-7 Present 1 IITA Tbets A. Lopez-Montes Tuber beetle severity estimation in 1-5 A.Amele IITA Vine cutting establishment rate percentage A. Lopez-Montes IITA Stickiness estimation 1-3 Con_Stick_PY 0 Very soft Tuber flesh texture estimation 1-3 A.Amele IITA 5 very sweet IITA A.Amele Strepdym Springness estimation 1-2 stemdim Stem diameter computation in mm A.Amele IITA A. Lopez-Montes IITA VRSI Virus incidence computation % Dayaetbrin A.Amele Times to bulbil initiation computation IITA Few 1 IITA Aetbrin Bulbil initiation time estimation in yy/mm/dd A. Lopez-Montes 3 Not sticky Botseed True seeds harvested/cross counting A.Amele IITA Rotten tubers per plot counting number A.Amele IITA NRDT VRSS A. Lopez-Montes IITA virus severity estimation in 1-5 IITA Fruit setting time estimation in yy/mm/dd A.Amele IITA A.Amele Stem height measurement in m S_Bri Tuber dry rot incidence computation in % A. Lopez-Montes IITA entity Bulbil yield estimation in t/ha AetbrYld A. Lopez-Montes IITA Leaf apex shape estimation 1-3 IITA A.Amele IITA A.Amele Flowering time computation in days DF Big tuber average weight computation in kg A.Amele IITA 3 soft or smooth INODL A.Amele IITA Internode length computation in cm Many thorns or spines on tuber surface 7 Laurent Adinsi Boiled yam crumbness scale 0-100 FSA-UAC, BÈnin 5 Severe necrosis and death of the plant. Coalesced spots with dry tissue more than 1.5 cm of diameter and covering a great proprotion of the leaf surface. Yellowing of the gree tissue is generalised in the leaf blade. Seedling survival rate percentage A.Amele IITA 6 creamy IITA Pollination type estimation 1-4 A.Amele Pollmech Tuber flesh brownness computation D.Cornet Cirad D.Cornet Tuber color uniformity computation Cirad Boiled yam sweetness 0-100 Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin IITA A.Amele DtFFlr Flowering time estimation in yy/mm/dd A.Amele IITA Big tuber length computation in cm A. Lopez-Montes NPOLS IITA Pollinated spikes counting Purple 100 No flower or bud. No inflorescence and not flowering at all 0 Yam ontology Big tubers per plot counting number IITA A.Amele A.Amele IITA frtform Fruit setting estimation 0&1 Laurent Adinsi Boiled yam fibrousness scale 0-100 FSA-UAC, BÈnin 4 sweet Flcolr_head Tuber flesh color upper portion estimation 1-9 A. Lopez-Montes IITA Purple 5 Stbrwt IITA A.Amele Weight of small tubers per plot measurement in kg Symptom on >51% of the plant. Coalesced spots with dry tissue and covering a signifcant proprotion of the leaf surface. Areas with less than 1 cm width are coalescing to bigger spots also. Yellowing of green tissue is intense around the spots areas. 4 Bulbils per plant computation Aetbrpl A.Amele IITA regular 1 Upper surface vein color estimation 1-4 IITA A.Amele plntsex A.Amele IITA Plant sex estimation 0-4 flrsex 100 Sweet Tuber surface crack estimation 0-3 A.Amele IITA 2 Creamy white A. Lopez-Montes Appearance of tuber surface estimation 1-4 IITA First leaf emergence time estimation in yy/mm/dd IITA A.Amele A. Lopez-Montes IITA M_Bi Mealybug incidence computation % IITA A.Amele cormsep Separability of corm estimation binary 0&1 IITA A.Amele Times to fruit maturity computation in days DFM no oxidization 0 A.Amele Root position estimation 1-4 IITA Boiled yam hardness scale 0-100 Laurent Adinsi FSA-UAC, BÈnin Intermediate 5 Fruits developed per cross counting FrtN A. Lopez-Montes IITA 0 No symptoms 1 dislikeextremely slightly oxidizing 1 Number of internodes to first branching computation/plot IITA A.Amele 2 Slightly bitter Cirad D.Cornet Tuber flesh yellowness computation Bulbils per plot count Aetbrp A. Lopez-Montes IITA 1 oxidizes less than a minure A. Lopez-Montes IITA Btl_I Leaf beetle damage incidence computation % Tbeti A. Lopez-Montes IITA Tuber beetle incidence computation % A. Lopez-Montes IITA No_stdh Plant stand harvested count 9 orange Absent 0 FSA-UAC, BÈnin Boiled yam purpleness scale 0-100 Laurent Adinsi A.Amele IITA Crossing date esimation in yy/mm/dd Polldate Big tubers per plant computation A.Amele IITA A.Amele Medium size tuber length computation in cm IITA Average tuber length measurement in cm A.Amele TBRL IITA High 7 2 dislike A. Lopez-Montes TUBSHA Tuber shape estimation 1-4 IITA 1 Rough 9 very early (The plants are completely senescent, yellowing is complete and uniform (both leaves and vines 100% senescence) 1 White dislike 2 Bolanle Otegbayo Pounded yam stickness scale 0-10 YamStic_Meas_0to10 Bowen University, Nigeria Non flowering 0 like 4 A.Amele Medium tubers per plot counting number IITA 3 few thorns or spines on tuber surface TDMC A. Lopez-Montes Dry matter content percentage IITA A.Amele IITA Upper surface leaf hairiness estimation 0-2 4 Light grey 1 Spherical 2 Many 10 Absence of lumps Crop vigor computation in days from median emergence to 80% of maximum ground cover D.Cornet Cirad 4 Purplish green 3 Low (flowering is scare with the presence of few flowers mostly less than 10 inflorescences per plant) IITA A.Amele Total tubers per plant computation 26-50% tuber skin showing symptoms 2 Non sticky 0 Absent 0 Foliage senescence time estimation in yy/mm/dd DateHS IITA A.Amele Laurent Adinsi Boiled yam odour scale 0-100 FSA-UAC, BÈnin 1 Smooth Male flower 1 Purplish white 5 TWNH IITA Twining habit estimation 0-1 A.Amele SETW A. Lopez-Montes IITA Weight of planted tubers computation/ gm A.Amele First inflorescence initiation time estimation in yy/mm/dd IITA 3 Neutral Dark green 3 IITA Number of branches per plant count A.Amele 0 Not granular Established plants counting/plot Estbp-N IITA A.Amele 1 dislikeextremely Big tuber yield adjusted computation in t/ha IITA A.Amele pounded yam aroma estimation 1-5 scale A.mele IITA Aroma_PY A.Amele, A. Lopez-Mentes Proportion of emerged plants (sprouts) computation/% Ratiosp IITA High 100 slighty irregular 3 A.Amele IITA Sprout length measurement in cm SPRTL dislike 2 IITA A.Amele Stem hairiness estimation 0-2 Bitter 100 AnthracSev A. Lopez-Montes yam anthracnose disease severity estimation in 1-5 IITA attribute 5 Cream 5 like extremely presence 1 1 dislikeextremely 0 No purple 1 Yellowish IITA Matfrt Fruits harvested per cross counting A. Lopez-Montes 100 Granular 0 Absent Medium stickiness 5 sticky 1 2 female flower strong or hard or lumpy 1 10 Very sticky 3 Thorny (small prominences ending in a small thorn) 2 Hairy (few scattered or many roots in the surface of the tuber) 100 Present 0 Low Irregular 4 IITA Tubers planted counting/plot Sett-N A.Amele 4 like 4 76-100% tuber skin showing symptoms Difficult to cut 100 Monoecious male (m>f) 3 slightly sticky 2 4 Long (More than 50% of the tubers sprouted at three month after harvesting time) 5 like extremely 4 Fully smooth 3 highly oxidizing Profuse (plant producing many more flowers mostly 30 to 50 inflorescences per plant) 7 0 Not mooldable 0 Abesnt Absent 0 highly irregular 5 like 4 Not sticky 0 acronym 2 intermediate 2 Rough Neither like nor dislike 3 Grey 3 No fibers 0 deep purple 8 Neither like nor dislike 3 Difficult 0 Off white 0 100 Sticky 1-9 scale Oxidation color Foxdc Surface color resulting of tuber flesh enzymatic oxidation Tuber flesh oxidation color Tuber Total tuber fresh weight per plot -computation Compute the sum all category or size of tubers (Big, medium, small size, and rotten and diseased) fresh weight per plot Record date the last seed germination observed per cross or family Date end of seed germination-Estimation Dry matter content Tuber TubDMC Proportion of dry matter in the tuber. Tuber dry matter content Time first sprout emergence-Estimation Record date of first spout emergence in a plot NVP number Plant Vine cuttings planted Vine cuttings planted Record of the existance of colored spot at base of spines on a sprout (vine) Colored spots on spine base-Estimation HAIRSP hairiness Sprout hairiness Sprout Hairs on sprout (vines) Length Btbrwd Average width of big size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Big tuber Big size tuber width Record position of appearance of roots at surface to tubers Position of root appearance on tubers-Estimation Length of petiole Petiole length Lengh Petiole petlngth Compute the proportion tubers infested with mealybugs from the total number of harvested tubers per effective plot at time of harvesting. Mealybug tuber incidence - Computation Fruit harvesting time- Estimation Record the date of fruits harvest in a crossing block or from plant Record the fresh weight of harvested bulbil or aerial tuber per net plot Bulbil yield (Plot weight) - Measurement Boiled root Boiled yam crumbness BoilYamHdCrum Crumbness in hand Property of the product to crumble or break between the fingers Fruit index Compute the ratio of pollinated florets developing mature fruits Spines on sprout base-estimation Record absence or presence of spines on a sprout (vine) Bitterness after taste 0-100 NESP Number Established plants Plant Number of well established plants ( plants growing with good vigour and without severe constraints) in a plot Setts or seed yams planted weight - Computation Measure the weight of N planted tubers (seed yams or setts) and record the average vein color lveincol Vein color Leaf Color or pigmentation of leaf vein cm Time to maturity Maturity time Length of time toward crop maturity Mat Plant Tastebldyam Boiled yam Boiled yam taste taste Taste of boiled yam when eaten without any additional complementary food Compute the proportion of sown true or botanical seed which germinate and produce seedling ready for transplant , usually observed at three weeks after sowing. Germination rate - Computation NFrtSet Fruit set number Intensity or proportion of fruit set or development under open or controlled pollination. Proportion Fruit set Dryrot Yam tuber dry rot presence Dry rot caused by nematodes (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) in tubers at harvest Dry rot presence Tuber NTP Seed tuber Number of seed tubers planted in a plot or unit area Number Tubers planted 1-5 scale Plant Heterophylly presence Presence of cataphylles during early stage Presence yield Big size yam yield BTYld Big size tubers yield nonadjusted tons per hectare Big tuber 0-2 scale 1-7 general scale Weight Big tuber Big size tubers weight per plot BTW Weight of big size tubers ( ?1 kg) in a net plot or unit area 1-5 scale Tuber flesh cross section color uniformity-estimation Record the uniformity of tuber flesh cross-section color using visual scale at fresh cut during harvest Severity of tuber beetle damage. Tubtlsev Tuber Tuber beetle severity Tuber beetle severity Height or the length of stem Stmht Stem height Stem height Color difference bewteen mean tuber head and tail flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values Compute the ∆E2000 bewteen mean tuber head and tail flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values Emerged sprouts -Counting Count the emerged plants (sprouts) per plot every week starting from first plant/sprout emergence date till the last plant or spourt emerge in a plot Weight of medium size tubers (? 0.5kg and <1 kg) in a net plot or unit area Medium tuber Medium size tubers weight per plot MTW Weight Intensity of thorns on the tuber surface Tuber Tuber thorniness intensity Thorn or spine intesity ThornInt Softness is when it is quite easy to compress the sample, while hardness is when force is used to compress the sample or takes effort to compress the sample Pounded yam Hardness Pounded yam hardness YamHdHar Dryrot Yam tuber dry rot incidence Dry rot caused by nematodes (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) in tubers at harvest Tuber Dry rot incidence Pouned yam aroma The sense of smell or odor of pounded yam that reaches the nose before eating or the pounded yam reaches the mouth arompoundedyam Pounded yam aroma Date crossing or pollination attempted datcross Crossing date pollination time Plant Small tuber Weight of small size yam per plant Small size tuber weight per plant WSTPL Weight Averaged senescence period duration expressed in days between 5 and 95% senescence (i.e. 95% and 5% of maximum ground cover after time to maximum ground cover) in two subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Time at 95% and 5% of maximum growth after time at maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Duration between 5 and 95% senescence of subplot - Computation AWBT Weight Big tuber Average weight of big size tubers in kg Average weigth of big size tuber Starch grain size Mean starch grain size of yam tuber flour Size yam flour Number of bulbil - Counting Count the number of aerial tubers or vine bulbils produced per net plot. 1-5 scale Score the severity of dry rot in harvested tubers Tuber dry rot severity - Estimation days Big size yam fresh weight per plant- computation Compute by dividing fresh weight measurement of big size tubers taken to the number of harvested plants in a net plot Cirad Texture in the hand mouldability method G.Arnau Sample is put in the hands and moulded Shape regularity estimation 0-2 1-5 scale color Tuber flesh The surface yellowness of the yam tuber flesh Yellowness of the Flesh colour Number of true seeds sown-counting Record the number of true seeds sown per cross or family weight WBTPL Big size tuber weight per plant Weight of big size tubers per plant Big tuber Tuber flesh brown index computation from standardized image L*a*b* values Compute the brown index based on the flesh surface color of tuber longitudinal section using image analysis with a color correction based on a custom color chart Leaf beetle incidence - Computation Compute the proportion of plants with leaf beetle damage from the total number of plants in the effective plots on leaf beetle damange record taken twice(at two and five months after planting date) Boiled yam purpleness Purpleness Boiled root surface BoilYamPurp Purple colour tending to pink after cooking Vine cuttings planted -counting Count the numeber vine cuttings planted tons/ha Viruses infection severity - Estimation Observe relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by virus disease and record the severity as a proportion or percentage of plant surface affected using visual five ordinal scale . Predominant severity per plot must be registered at least thrice : 8 to 10 weeks after planting, 4 to 6 weeks after first scoring and the last scoring at 4 to 6 weeks after the second scoring Tuber Shape regularity Sample is pressed with the index finger Texture in the hand hardness method Regularity of tuber shape Tuber shape regularity Plant harvested number - Counting Counting the number of plants where tubers were harvested in a plot 0-1 scale Plant Virus incidence Reaction of the total plants per plot to the virus infection, producing yellow mottle, mosaic and leaves deformation Virus incidence VirusInc Smoothnessof the material, i.e., absence of lumps Smoothness of pounded yam smthpdym Pounded yam Smoothness Seeds sown Number Sdsown Quantity of botanical or true seeds sown per family or cross Seed sown Compute the proportion or ratio of well-established plants in a plot from the total number of tubers (seed yam or setts) planted Field establishment-Computation Observe the femal flowering intensity or abudance per inflorences and rate Femal flowers abundance or intensity per inflorescence-Estimation 0-3 scale First sprout emergence time First emergence time Plant or sprout Time to the first sprout (plant) emerge in a plot TIMFSE Presence of secondary roots on the tuber bark hairiness Tuber Tuber hairiness RTBS Tuber flesh color lower or tail portion- Estimation Observe and record fresh cut tuber flesh surface color at the tail portion of the tuber at harvesting time. Leaf Severity of leaf beetle damage. Leaf beetle severity Leaf beetle damage severity Lfbtsev True seeds harvested Number of true seed harvested or obained per cross or family Tsdh True seed Number Prediction of sugar content using NIRS spectra (FOSS 6500) of tuber flour sample NIRS model prediction - computation Score taste of pounded yam using sensory test panalist Taste of pounded yam - Estimation content yam flour Tuber flour sugar content Tuber flour sugar content color Whitness of the Flesh colour Tuber flesh The surface whiteness of the yam tuber flesh Compute the average tuber width of all size measurement taken in a net plot Tuber wideth-computation Leaf Lfbtinc Incidence of leaf beetle damage. Leaf beetle damage incidence Leaf beetle incidence kg/plot Weight of medium size tuber yam per plant weight Medium tuber WMTPL Medium size tuber weight per plant Times to the first leaf emergence on sprouted shoot (vines)-Computation Compute the number of days required from first sprout emergence to the first leaf to emerge on a sprouted shoot (vine) in a plot Heterophylly duration Duration from emergence to first true leaf Mean duration between fisrt emergence and first true leaf apprearance on main stem of 5 plants choosen randomly Plant Corm type Type cortyp Corm Corm type Take a whiff and evaluate the intensity of yam odour Odour method Score the intensity of tuber flesh oxidation (flesh surface color change) at different time interval (0, 30, 60, 180 minutes after cutting) using scale Tuber flesh oxidation intensity-Estimation Canopy Senescence earliness Growth duration Time from median emergence to 5% senescence Root knot nematode severity estimation in a range from no symptoms to highly severe galling scored in secondary roots of the plant and tubers adventitious roots. Root knot nematode severity - Estimation YADI Plant Anthracnose incidence Anthracnose incidence caused by the pathogen Colletotricum gloeosporioides. % of anthracnose ?blight? or leaf spotaffected plants in a plot Yam anthracnose disease incidence TNTP Number of total (all size) tubers in a net plot or unit area Tuber Total tubers per plot Number Record the twining or climbing direction of the vine Twining direction-Estimation Record time (date) when the plant does not produce more new flowers in a plot End of flowering time - Estimation Score corm status of tubers using a binary scale Corm on tubers-Estimation Medium tuber Number of medium size tubers (? 0.5kg and <1 kg) per plant Number Medium size tubers per plant NMTPL Leaf hairiness - Estimation Assess hairiness of leaf surface (lower part) GDD°C Texture in the hand method After breaking or cutting, breaking or crumbling, evaluate the intensity of fine fibers between the fingers and visible to the eye Corm separability from tuber Corm separation from tuber separation Corm corsep Abundance or degree of flowering Flrint Flowering intensity flowering intensity Plant Refers to the presence of small grains during chewing Boiled root Boiled yam granuleness BoilYamMthGran Granuliness in mouth Plant vigor The vigour of the vine and leaves of the new plant. Plant Vigor PVigor Boiled yam hardness Boiled root Force required to cut/break with fork Hardness of cutting or breaking BoilYamHdHard Assess the leaf beetle infestation at two and five months after planting and record its severity Leaf beetle severity - Estimation colbldyam Optical color or pigmentation of boiled yam Boiled yam Boiled yam color color Record appearance of crazy roots on tuber surface at harvest Crazy roots presence on tubers at harvest-Estimation corm Corm Presence or absence of corm on tuber Corm on tuber Presence Medium size tubers harvested number- counting Count the number of tubers in a plot weighing ? 500 gm and <1 kg harvested per effective plot Virus severity Plant Grade of reaction of the plant to the viruses infection, varying from mottle, mosaics until total leaves deformation Virus severity VirusSev 1-3 scale Btbrleng Big size tuber length Length Big tuber Average length of big size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Sweetness 0-100 kg/plant Time of first seed germination-Estimation Record date the first seed germination observed per cross or family Number of harvested fruits per cross after physiological maturity Fruit per cross Fruits harvested number Number FrtHvstN Proportion of plants in a plot well established (plantsgrowing with good vigour and without severe constraints) Proportion of established plants STRATE Proportion Plant Leaf Width width Width of leaf Leaf lfwdt Stretchability scale 0-10 Flesh oxidation - computation Score the length oxidation (from head) and the length tuber and record the oxidation length / length tuber ratio Number Number of small size tubers that weighing <0.5kg in a net plot or unit area Small size tubers per plot Small tuber NSTP Plant Vigor - Estimation Visual assessment of the plant vigour in a plot at two month after planting Compute the number of small size tubers produced per plant using the formula number of small size tuber in a plot divided by the total number of harvested plants Small size tubers per plant-Computation 0-2 scale Number of internode-computation Compute average number of internodes to first branching of at least five plants internode counts taken in a plot Compute the white index based on the flesh surface color of tuber longitudinal section using image analysis with a color correction based on a custom color chart Tuber flesh white index computation from standardized image L*a*b* values Mouldability scale 0-10 Observe the regularity of tuber shape in visual scale Shape regularity - estimation BTYA Big size tubers yield adjusted tons per hectare Big tuber yield Big size tuber yield adjusted Yam tuber dry rot severity Dry rot severity Dryrot Dry rot caused by nematodes (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) in tubers at harvest Tuber Cracks on the tuber surface-Estimation Record appearance of cracks on tuber surface as absent, few and many Record the tendency of vine to twine or climb Twining habit-Estimation Put the product between the molars and mash it to assess the number of chews before swallowing Texture in the mouth method Inft type Inflorescence type The arrangement of flowers on stem or twig of a plant Inflorescence TastePndedYam Pounded yam taste Taste of pounded yam when eaten without any additional complementary food Taste of pounded yam Boiled root surface Boiled yam surface black points presence BoilYamBlackspo Refers to the presence of small black points on the surface of product Black points presence Ease of chewing BoilYamMthChew Property related to the number of chews necessary to swallow the product Boiled root Boiled yam easiness to chew Yield of vine bulbils or aerial tubers harvest Yield Bulbyld Aerial tuber Bulbil yield Canarc architecture Organisation or structural arrangements of branchs and leaves distribution giving a specific shape to the above ground part of the plant Canopy architecture Canopy Leaf shape-Estimation Record leaf shape of mature plants in a plot Boiled root Fibrousness in hand Refers to the presence of fine fibers between the fingers and visible to the eye Boiled yam fibrousness BoilYamHdFibr Appearance method G.Arnau Cirad Tuber shape quantitative computation Visually inspect sample surface Tuber oxidation-Estimation Record time in minutes lasted for cut tuber flesh to become or not oxidized and score in scale Quantity of developed fruits per crosses Nfrts Fruit per cross Fruit developed number Number Observe fruit setting or formation of female flowers of monoeciouse and dieciouse plants and rate the ability set for form fruits Ability to set or form fruts-Estimation abondance fflrint Flower Female flowering intensity Intensity or abudance of female flowers on spikes/infloresences Internode length Stem internode length Intndlngth Internode length Quantity of true seed harvested -Counting Record the total number of true seed or botanical seed harvested or obtained per cross or family Root knot incidence caused by Meloidogyne spp. RKNInc Root knot nematode incidence Root knot nematode damage incidence Tuber Fruit set number - Estimation Assess the fruit number as fruiting intensity in categorical scale when more than 50% of the plants set fruits Stem internode number Number of internodes to first branching Number of internodes to first branchs on a plant NINFB Stickiness of pounded yam - Estimation Score the sticknes or adhesiveness of pounded yam to consumern fingur using sensory test panelist Position of appearance of roots at surface of tubers Prtbs Roots position Place of roots on tubers Tuber number Inflorescence NpollF Quantity of Female Flowers which has been pollinated using male flower from a monoecious or dioecious parent Pollinated florets number Colour scale 1-9 Shape of tuber - computation Measure the length and width of tuber using measuring tape and record the length /with ratio Branch number branch Number of branches above ground Number Branch Plant Datfsen Time to all plants in a plot or unit area show full or complete foliage senescence Foliage senescence time Senescence time number of spikes Pounded yam Cohesiveness of pounded yam Degree to which particles of a sample stick together or how moldable it is cohpdym Cohesiveness Number of tubers harvested per plant Number Tuber TNTPL Total tubers per plant Compute the number of days required for 50% of the plants in a plot showing foliage senescence Time to 50% foliage senescence time - Computation Measure the internode length of five plants before senescence at 1 meter height and record the average Internode length -computation Mode of plant to plant pollen transfer Polltyp Flower pollination type Pollination type Mtbrleng Length Average length of medium size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Medium tuber Medium size tuber length Averaged growth cycle duration expressed in days between 5% emergence and 95% senescence (i.e. 5% of maximum ground cover after time to maximum ground cover) in two subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Median senescence computed from inflection point value using log-logistic time-to-event modeling of weekly sprout counts expressed in days after planting. Time at 5% of maximum growth after time at maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Duration between 5% emergence and 95% senescence of subplot - Computation Fruit development status on monoecious and female flower of dioeciouse yam plant Fruit status FrtDev Status of fruit development Tuber MbugInc Mealybug tuber infestation incidence Mealybug tuber infestation incidence Incidence of mealybug tuber infestation. gm/sett Colour The degree of whiteness of the pounded yam sample like a plain white paper or white flip chart/colour of boiled egg albumen, or Colour of the pounded yam comparable to that of Soymilk or “Eba” from white “Gaari”, or colour of Pounded yam comparable to that of greyness covering a boiled egg yolk, or colour of pounded yam, or colour of pounded yam comparable to that of evaporated liquid milk such as Peak milk, or colour of pounded yam comparable to boiled egg yolk that is light in colour, or colour of Pounded yam comparable to deep colour of Yellow maize, or colour of Pounded yam comparable to the colour whole wheat meal or colour of Pounded yam comparable to the colour of carton paper. Pounded yam colour YamCol Pounded yam % Brown colour of product after cooking Boiled root surface Brownness Boiled yam brownness BoilYamBrow 1-4 scale Total fresh weight of all category or size tubers per plant Total tuber weight per plant Tuber TTWPL weight Record the presence or absence of thorns or spines on the tuber skin in visual scale Tuber thorniness - Estimation Chewingness scale 0-100 Presence of fiber strand-Estimation Score the presence or absence of ?ber strands on pounded yam Foliage senescence time - Computation Compute the number of days required from sprout emergence or planting to when all plants had fully senesced Anthracnose severity Plant YADS Yam anthracnose disease severity Anthracnose severity caused by the pathogen Colletotricum gloeosporioides. The reaction of plants in a plot to anthracnose infestation (blight or leaf spot) under screenhouse or in the field under natural infestation or artificial inoculation Pounded yam YamHdSmot Absence of lumps Pounded yam smoothness Smoothness Count the number of pollinated florets per female parent per cross Floret pollinated number - Counting number of fruit arombldyam The sense of smell or odor of boiled yam that reaches the nose before eating or the boiled yam reaches the mouth Boiled yam aroma Boiled yam aroma Tuber thorniness intensity-Estimation Record the degree of thorns or spines on tuber surface in visual scale Fruit maturity time - Computation Compute the number of days required from fruit set to fruit phyisological maturity Seed germination rate germination rate germRate Seed A proportion of sown true (botanical) seed which germinate and produce seedling Leaf length - computation Measure the length from lobes to the tip using a measuring tape on sampled 20 adult leaves ( four leaves per plant and at leat five plants on a plot), and record the average length Leaf apex shape Lfapx Leaf apex Leaf apex shape shape Growing degree days to maturity-Estimation Compute number of growing degree days required from planting (or 50% emergence) to 50% foliage senescence or maturity. 0-7 scale Computing the number of days required from first sprout emergence to first flower initiation Flower initaition time - Computation Stmcol color Stem The surface color of stem Stem color appboiledyam appearance Boiled yam The optical appearance of boiled yam related with surface glossy or dullness and light scattering power of boiled yam structure Boiled yam appearance Twining habit Plant twining habit Tendency of climbing or trailling TWNH Record the date when all plants in a plot shows a sign of 100% foliage senescence Foliage senescence time - Estimation number Inflorescence Pollinated spikes number Quantity of Female spikes where flowers has been pollinated using male flower from a monoecious or dioecious parent NPollSpk Compute the proportion or ratio of plants/sprouts emerged as the number of emerged plants/sprouts divided by the total number of tubers (seed yam or setts) planted in a plot multiplied by 100 Emerged sprouts or plants proportion-Computation Root knot nematode incidence - Computation Compute the proportion tubers showing root knot nematode symptoms from the total number of harvested tubers in effective plot starchbrk The breakdown of yam starch extracted from fresh tubers were determined using a Rapid Visco-Analyser (RVA-TecMaster, Perten Instruments, Australia) Yam starch breakdown Tuber starch Sprout color - estimation Record the predominant color of the sprouts (plant) per plot at 20 days after emergence Corm type-Estimation Record the corm type as regular, transversally elongated or brached using scale Vines established-computation Compute the proportion or ratio of vines cuttings survive and producing shoots from the total of planted vine cuttings Tuber flesh The surface color of the yam tuber flesh color Tbrfclr Tuber flesh color 0-4 general scale This is when the pounded yam sticks or adhere to the fingers when it is touched with fingers or during moulding into bolus for swallowing. Stickiness YamHdStic Pounded yam stickiness Pounded yam Tuber surface appearance - Estimation Observe the appearance of roots, thones and srout buds on surface of harvested tubers and make visual score using scale Period from 5% to 95% emergence Computation of the substraction between the necessary time before 95% and 5% emergence using after-fitting inverse regression of log-logistic time-to-event modeling of weekly sprout counts expressed in days after planting Architecture Crop folliage compactness Canopy Crop cover compactness Spines on stem density Spine Intensity of spines on stem (vine) above base of mature plant (5 to 6 month old plant) SPNAB density Rotten Tuber RDTW Weight Rotten tuber weight Weight of rotten/diseased tubers Basic light sugary taste like a little glucose or sucrose in water solution Sweetness Boiled yam sweetness BoilYamSweet Boiled root Number Big size tubers per plot Big tuber Number of big size tubers that weighing ?1 kg in a net plot or unit area NBTP Tubtlinc Incidence of tuber beetle damage. Tuber Tuber beetle incidence Tuber beetle incidence Size Tuber size TbrSz Tuber Tuber size Yam odour scale 0-100 Stems per plant Nstem Number of stems (vines) with leaves and branches per plant number Stem Petiole length - Computation Measure the length of petiole using measuring tape on sampled 20 adult leaves ( four leaves per plant on at leat five plants in a plot), and record the average length TIMFrtM Time to fruit maturity Fruit Times 90% of fruits attain physiological maturity Maturity time Dry rot caused by nematodes (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) in tubers at harvest Tuber Dryrot Yam tuber dry rot incidence Number Calculated as big size yam tuber weight per per plant mutiplied by planting density and result divided by 1000 Big size yam yield adjusted-computation Maturity class SE Plant Foliage senescence or maturity class Senescence Boiled yam texture The physical attributes of boiled yam such as soft or hard/strong , smooth or lumpy when sensed by touch in mouth or with hands Boiled yam texture txtboiledyam Starch breakdown-Estimation A 1.7 g portion of starch was mixed with 25 g of distilled water in the RVA sample can, after correction for the original moisture contents of the starches Dormancy period TubDorm Tuber Tuber dormancy period Tuber dormancy period PPE Plant or sprout Proportion of plants /sprouts emerged in a plot Proportion Proportion of emerged plants Small tuber Small size tubers per plant Number Number of small size tubers ( <0.5kg) per plant NSTPL Measure the length of at most five small size tubers (<500 gm) from base to tip in a net plot at harvest and record the average Length of small size tubers-Computation Cirad G.Arnau Flesh oxidation quantitative computation Texture in the hand stretchabilitymethod The pounded yam is touched and pulled apart with the fingers Mealybug tuber severity - Estimation Mealybug tuber severity estimation on infested tubers at time harvesting Tuber flesh color computation from standardized image L*a*b* values Compute the average of the flesh surface color of tuber longitudinal section using image analysis with a color correction based on a custom color chart Date (yyyymmdd) Crumbness scale 0-100 Emergence vigor Elapsed time between time of 5th and 95th percentiles emergence sprouts in a plot Period duration from first to last sprouts emergence Sprout Calculated as total tuber weight per plot divided by total number of tubers per plot Average tuber weight -computation Averaged senescence earliness expressed in days from median emergence to 5% senescence (i.e. 95% of maximum ground cover after time to maximum ground cover) in two subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Time at 95% of maximum growth after time at maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Duration from median emergence to 5% senescence of subplot - Computation Medium size tubers per plant-computation Compute the number of medium size tubers produced per plant using the formula number of medium size tuber in a plot divided by the total number of harvested plants Times to first sprout emergence-Computation Compute the number of days required from date of planting to the date first sprout or plant in a plot or unit area emerged length Leaf length Leaf lflngth Length of leaf TIMLE emergence time Leaf Time to the first leaf emergence on a plant or sprouted shoot (vine) in a plot Time to first leaf emergence Measure the length or height of stem or vine of at least five mature plants in a plot using measuring tape at five to six months after sprout emergence and record the average Stem height - computation Plant sex sex Sex Flower Predominat plant or flower sex Record the weight of small size ( < 500 gm) tubers in a net plot Small size tubers fresh weight per plot- measurement color Tuber flesh uniformity Tuber flesh Uniformity of tuber flesh surface color in longitudinal section 50% flowering time - Computation Compute the number of days required from 50% of sprouts in plot emerged to 50% of plants in a plot are having at least one flower/inflorescence WTP Weight of seed tubers (whole seed yams or setts ) planted in a plot or per unit area. Planting material from a tuber is called sett. Seed tuber could be either small, healthy whole tuber or large tubers cut into pieces (sett) Seed tuber Weight of planted tubers Weight Observe the optical color or pigementation of boiled yam and make visual score using scale how acceptable or appealing on table or plate to eat Color of boiled yam-Estimation Color of the sprout (vine and leaves). Sprout SprtCol Sprout color color 1-3 general scale Compute by dividing fresh weight measurement of small size tubers taken to the number of harvested plants in a net plot Small size yam fresh weight per plant-computation Count the number of pollinated spikes per female parent per cross Pollinated spike number - Estimation Big size tubers fresh weight per plot- measurement Record the weight of big size ( ?1 kg) tubers in a net plot 0-4 scale Record the intensity of tuber hairs or secondary roots on the surface of harvested tubers Hairiness of tuber bark - Estimation number of tubers Record time (date) 50% plants in a plot are having at least one flower/inflorescence 50% flowering time - Estimation Vine cutting establishment rate Plant Proportion of vine cuttings established well that producing shoots Vestrat establishment rate Compute the proportion of seedlings per family (cross) establish well and ready for transplanting, usually recorded at five weeks after sowing. Seedling establishment rate-computation Sprout Sprout length Length of sprouted shoots (vines) Spleng length Compute the proportion tubers with tubers beetle damage from the total number of harvested tubers in the effective plot at harvesting time. Tuber beetle incidence - Computation Date crossing-Estimation Record the date crossing made in particular flower of a plant. Compute the fruit set number as proportion of pollinated flowers developing or setting a fruit and expressed in % Fruit set number - Computation germend Seeds germination end time Time last seed germination occurred germination ending time Seed Leaf color Leaf color The leaf surface color or pigmentation mlfcol ATW Average tuber weight in kg Average tuber weight Weight Tuber Maximum ground cover Canopy Maximum ground cover Maximum ground cover Seed germinated Quanity of sown true (botanical) seeds germinated per cross or family Number sdgerm Seeds germinated Bulbil weight Aerial tuber Weight of vine bulbils or aerial tubers harvest Weight Bulbwtp Appearance of pounded yam-Estimation Observe the appearance (structure and pigmentation) of pouned yam and make visual score using scale how attractive or appealing on table or plate to eat Tuber appearance Tbrappr Appearance Tuber surface look in relation to presence or absence of roots, thorns and sprouted buds on the tuber surface Tuber Root knot severity caused by Meloidogyne spp. Root knot nematode severity RKNSev Tuber Root knot nematode severity Leaf hairiness llfhair hairiness Hairiness of leaf surface Leaf Small size tubers harvested per plot number - counting Count the number of tubers in a plot weighing less than 500 gm harvested per effective plot Hair on stem - Estimation Observe the presence or absence of hairs on stem surface 50% sprout emergence time Plant or sprout Time to 50% sprouts (plants) emerge in a plot TIMSE 50% emergence time Taste method After swallowing, observe the feeling or sensation of the bitter taste on the tongue and assess its intensity number of bulbils Stand harvested number Number of plants harvested Haversted plant NPH number Time to 50% foliage senescence Plant 50% Senescence time Time when 50% of the plants in a plot are showing signs of foliage senescence TIMsen Internode length - computation Measure the length of internode at 1m height on five (5) plants and record the average Vein color - Estimation Assess the color of leaf vein on the upper surface Determination of predominant size of the tuber in the entire family Tuber size - Estimation Computed the yield of bulbil per hectare using the formula. Bulbil yield (fresh weight) per hectar- Computation number of florets Compute as the total number of tubers in a net plot divided by the number of harvested plant per net plot Total tubers per plant-computation Medium size tubers fresh weight per plot -measurement Record the weight of medium size ( ? 500 gm and <1 kg) tubers in a net plot Number of medium size tubers that weighing ? 0.5kg and <1 kg in a net plot or unit area NMTP Medium tuber Medium size tubers per plot Number Inflorescence initiation time Time of first inflorescence initiation Plant Inflorescence initiation time TIMinflor YamHdStr Ability of pounded yam to stretch when pulled apart with fingers Pounded yam Pounded yam stretchability Stretchability Computation of inflection point value using log-logistic time-to-event modeling of weekly sprout counts expressed in days after planting Period from planting to median emergence Big yam tuber average weight-computation Calculated as weight of big size tubers per plot divided by total number of big size tubers per plot 50% flowering time Time to 50% flowering Plant TIMFL Time when 50% of the plants flower in a plot Scale insect infestation Scalisec Tuber scale insect infestation Scale insect infestation on tubers at harvest Canopy architecture - Estimation Determination of predominant canopy architecture Pounded yam fbrpdym Fibrousness of pounded yam Presenceof ?ber strands Presence of fiber strands Bulbil initiation time - Computation Compute number of days required from sprout emergence to 50% of plants in a plot start forming bulbils or aerial tubers Seedling transplant survival rate Establishment rate of seedlings four weeks after transplanting operation Seedling Survival rate Tsurvrat Record time (date) of first flower initiation in a plot or the date any of the plants in a plot shows the first flower Flower initaition time - Estimation Tuber thorniness Tuber Exsistence of thorns on the tuber surface Thorniness Thorn Compute the sum of all category/size tubers (big, medium, small and rotten/diseased) in a net plot Total tuber harvested number-computation Aerial tuber TIMbulb duration Time to bulbil initiation Bulbil initiation time Observe the arrangement of leaves on stem or vine and rate it Leaf position - Estimation µm Averaged crop vigor expressed in days from median emergence to 80% of maximum ground cover in subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Time at 80% of maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Duration from median emergence to 80% of maximum ground cover of subplot - Computation Stickness scale 0-100 Computed as total tubers weight per plant multiplied by planting density and result divided by 1000 Total tuber yield adjusted-computation Aroma of boiled yam-Estimation Assess the small or odour the boiled yam that sensed at the nose before the yam reaches mouth and make sensory score using scale how appetizing or appealing the boiled yam to eat Color of pounded yam-Estimation Observe the optical color or pigementation of pounded yam and make visual score using scale how acceptable or appealing on table or plate to eat Record shape of bulbils or aerial tubers in scale Bulbil shape-Estimation CRZROOT Appearance of crazy roots on tuber surface presence Crazy roots presence Crazy roots Width of medium size tubers-Computation Measure the width of at most five medium size tubers (?500 gm and <1kg )from net plot at wider portion of the tuber using calliper or measuring tape and record the average Plant Plant type A tendency of a plant to grow in a certain shape and to attain a certain mature height and spread Plntype growth habit Number of Leaves - Computation Count the number of leaves on at least five young plants in a plot at 30 days after emergence and record the average Assess the color of leaf on a young plant Leaf color - Estimation Total fresh weight of all category or size tubers harvested in a net plot TTWP weight Total fresh tuber weight per plot Tuber Number Tuber number/plot Record date of 50% plants in a plot are showing foliage senescence Time to 50% foliage senescence time - Estimation number of seed Hardness scale 0-10 texture Pounded yam The physical attributes of pounded yam such as soft or hard/strong , smooth or lumpy when sensed by touch in mouth or with hands txtpoundedyam Pounded yam texture Observe and record the fresh cut flesh surface color at the middle part of the tuber at harvesting time. Tuber flesh color middle portion - Estimation Observe relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by yam anthracnose disease and record the severity as a proportion or percentage of plant surface affected.It is visual score in scale under screenhouse, artificial inoculation or under field natural infestation. For artificial inoculation use a suspension of three most virulent strains of Colletothrichum gloeosporioides and inoculate the plants raised from vine cutting in vertical sack or other means by spraying. For natural infestation, scores can be taken 10 to 12 weeks after planting and second scoring about 4-6 weeks before harvesting . Artificial inoculation should be scored at 3 days after inoculation(DAI) , and repeated at 7DAI, 11DAI and 15DAI Anthracnose severity - Estimation Stickness scale 0-10 Fibrousness scale 0-100 Boiled yam whiteness Both inner and outer colour can range from light yellowish (off-white) to white (pure white) Whiteness BoilYamWhit Boiled root surface arrangement Leaf Arrangement of leaves on stem or vine Leaf position lfpst First inflorescence time - Estimation Record date when plant/s having the first inflorescence in a plot Presense Spines on sprout presence Spine on sprout SPNSP Presence of spines on sprout (vines) End of flowering time - Computation Computing the number of days required from 50% of sprout emergence to when plant does not produce more new flowers. Stbrleng Small size tuber length Average length of small size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Small tuber Length Tuber flesh oxidation color-Estimation Record the flesh enzymatic oxidation color using color scale Latency before emergence Elapsed time between planting date and date of 5th percentile emergence sprouts in a plot Period duration from planting to first sprouts emergence Sprout Seedling tranplant survival rate-computation Compute the proportion of seedlings survived or established well after transplant operation Visual assessment of spines on a stem (vine) above the base of mature plants in a plot Density of spines on stem base of a plant-Etimation Tuber yield no adjusted- Computation Computed as total tuber weight per plot divided by size of net or effective harvest plot and result multiplied by 10 Big size tubers harvested number - counting Count the number of tubers in a plot weighing ?1 kg harvested per effective plot TTYA Tuber Total tuber yield adjusted yield Total tuber yield adjusted tons per hectare Times to 50% spout emergence-Computation Compute the number of days required from date of planting to the date 50% of sprouts or plants in a plot emerged Record the presence and absence of bulbils (aerial tubers) in the vines of yam plant Presence of bulbil - Estimation Emergence of secondary sprouts on a plant SecSP Secondary sprouting Secondary sprouting Sprout Record the method used to transfer the pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower of the same or different plant of the same species Pollination type-Estimation Time of fruit harvesting Time to fruit harvesting Fruit Harvesting ime DateFH Record existance of hairs on a sprout (vine) Hairiness of sprout - Estimation YamHdMoul Ability of the pounded yam to stick together easily without disintegrating or cohesive and being easy to mould. Pounded yam Mouldability/cohesiveness Pounded yam mouldability/cohesiveness Tuber shape Tuber Tuber predominant shape TbrSh Shape Sample is pressed firmly between the fingers Texture in the hand smoothness method twndir Vine Twining direction twining direction Twining direction sprgpdym Distance to which the deformed material can be sretchable Springiness Pounded yam Springiness of pounded yam Presence of cataphylle Observe the presence or absence of cataphylle Computation of the necessary time before 5% emergence using after-fitting inverse regression of log-logistic time-to-event modeling of weekly sprout counts expressed in days after planting Period from planting to 5% emergence Seeds set per fruit number SdSet Set seed per Fruit Number of seeds developed per fruit after hand flowers pollination Tubers (seed yams or setts) planted - Counting Count the number of tubers (seed yams or setts) planted per plot (unit area) Sensory test of how soft or hard, smooth or lumpy when pouned yam sensed during mastication in mouth or feeling with hand Texture of pounded yam-Estimation Compute the yellow index based on the flesh surface color of tuber longitudinal section using image analysis with a color correction based on a custom color chart Tuber flesh yellow index computation from standardized image L*a*b* values Leaf shape Leaf Leaf shape of plants Lfshp shape Microscopy (10x) image analysis of iodin colored yam tuber flour (0.5mm) Microscopy image analysis m Observe the surface of product and evaluate the frequency/number of the black points Appearance method Dormancy period -Estimation Assess the proportion of sprouted tubers at different time interval (once a week) from harvesting up to three months after harvesting and rate the dormancy period in scale Lfden Variation in leaf mass of the plant Leaf density Leaf density Dry rot presence on harvested tubers-Estimation Observe the occurance or presence of dry rot caused by nematods (Scutellonema bradys and Practylenchus spp.) on harvested tubers and record the presence and absence Select at least five random whole tubers from a net plot and cut small slices (1-2 mm) from proximal, middle and distal portion and mixed thoroughly. Record fresh weight and determin dry weight of samples by drying at 70∞C for 72 h in a forced air oven. A proportion between the dry weight and the fresh weight is calculated. Tuber dry matter content - Computation Length of medium size tubers-Computation Measure the length of at most five medium size tubers (?500 gm and <1kg ) from base to tip in a net plot at harvest and record the average STMDM Stem diameter of a mature plant (5 to 6 month old plant) Stem diameter Stem diameter Boiled root During chewing, bitter taste after swallowing, eg there is a light bitter aftertaste Bitterness after taste Boiled yam bitter after taste BoilYamBitteraft Determination of the predominant shape in the entire family/plot as a unit Tuber shape - Estimation Cohesiveness of pounded yam- Estimation Score the degree to which particles of a pounded yam stick together or how moldable it is using intensity scale NEP Plant or sprout Number of an emerged plants (sprouts) in a plot Number of emerged plants Number Granuliness 0-100 uniteless Weight of small size tubers ( <0.5kg ) in a net plot or unit area Weight Small tuber STW Small size tubers weight per plot Count the number of rotten and/or diseased tubers in effective plot Rotten tubers in a plot number-counting Percentage Presence of bulbil Presence of bulbils or aerial tubers in the nodes of the vines Bulbil presence Bulbil Aerial tuber Number of stems per plant-computation Compute average of the number of stems (vines) per established plants in a plot Record the number of harvested fruits per cross Fruits harvested number - Counting Tuber Tbrtxtur Tuber surface smoothness Tuber surface texture texture Optical color or pigmentation of pounded yam color colpoundedyam Pounded yam Pounded yam color Observe and score scale insect infestation on tuber at harvest Scale insect infestation - Estimation 1-5 scale BoilYamBitt Bitterness Boiled root Boiled yam bitterness Basic bitter taste like small quantity of quinine or caffeine in water Medium size yam fresh weight per plant-computation Compute by dividing fresh weight measurement of medium size tubers taken to the number of harvested plants in a net plot yam flour content Tuber flour starch content Tuber flour starch content 1-3 scale appearance The optical appearance of pouned yam related with surface glossy or dullness and light scattering power of pounded yam structure Pounded yam appearance apppoundedyam Pounded yam Property related to the adhesion of the product between the fingers Boiled yam stickness Boiled root Stickness in hand BoilYamHdStick Tuber flesh Tuber flesh color color The surface color of the yam tuber flesh Txf Tuber flesh texture Texture of tuber flesh Tuber flesh texture Measure the length of at most five big size tubers (?1kg) from base to tip in a net plot at harvest and record the average Length of big size tubers-Computation 1-7 scale Tuber flour protein content yam flour content Tuber flour protein content Enzymatic oxidation rate Tuber flesh oxidation Tfoxd Tuber flesh enzymatic oxidation rate Tuber Tuber dry rot incidence - Computation Compute the proportion dry rot tubers from the total number of harvested tubers per effective plot TTYNA Tuber Total tuber yield yield Total tuber yield nonadjusted tons per hectare bulbil/plant The degree to which the pounded yam is adhesive or stick to the fingure, mouth surface and teeth Stickiness StickPndedYam Stickiness of pounded yam Pounded yam Compute the average of the period from emergence to first true leaf appearance on the main stem of 5 plants choosen randomly Duration of heterophylly period - Computing Times fruit formation or set on monoeciuse or femal flowers of dioeciouse yam plants Fruit Time to fruit setting Fruiting ability Frtset Score the degree of fruit development in scale Fruit development intensity-Estimation Tuber Average width of all size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Tuber width Tbrwd Wideth Score the distance to which the deformed material can be or degree of stretchabiliy pounded yam in intesity scale Springiness of pounded yam-Estimation 1-2 scale Time to flower initiation Plant Flower initiation time Time of the first flower initiation on a plant/s in a plot or any of the plants in a plot shows the first flower TIMFlrin Observe the appearance (structure and pigmentation) of boiled yam and make visual score using scale how attractive or appealing on table or plate to eat Appearance of boiled yam-Estimation Number of well established plants -Counting Take count of well established plants in a plot usually at two months after planting Observe the type of inflorescence and score it Inflorescence type-Estimation Purpleness scale 0-100 Bulbil initiaition time - Estimation Record date when 50% of plants in a plot begin producing bulbils or aerial tubers Number of plant Whiteness scale 0-100 Mean color difference between average tuber flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values and tuber flesh color of individual pixel values Compute the ∆E2000 between average tuber flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values and tuber flesh color of individual pixel values Leaf apex shape-Estimation Record leaf apex shape of mature plants in a plot Feel the taste of boiled yam in mouth and make sensory score using scale how pleasing to the taste Taste of boiled yam-Estimation Average width of medium size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Mtbrwd Medium tuber Length Medium size tuber width Compute the number of days required to first inflorescence emergence in a plot First inflorescence time - Compuation Tuber length Length Tbrleng Tuber Average length of all size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Black spots presence scale 0-100 Record the number of developed fruits or fruit set in pollinated flowers/inflorescence Fruits developed number - Counting Anthracnose incidence - Estimation Compute the proportion of anthracnose damaged individuals or their parts , commonly the portion of plant units in a plot. Count anthracnose disease ?blight? or leaf spot affected plants in plot twice (First inspection at 10 to 12 weeks post planting and second inspection after 2 to 4 weeks before harvesting ) and compute the proportion of damanged Take count of dry rot tubers per plot at harvest Dry rot tuber number-counting color Tuber cross section Tuber flesh cross-section color uniformity Uniformity of tuber flesh surface color in cross-section ( from cortex to center) Utfc Tuber beetle severity or intensity estimated usually as number of nymph present in tubers at harvesting time. Tuber beetle severity - Estimation Nodes carrying cataphylle per plant Time between 5 and 95% senescence Senescence duration Senescence duration Canopy Tuber cracks Tuber Cracks Cracks on tuber surface CTBRS Secondary sprouting - estimation Record emergence of new secondary sprouts from the planted seed tuber/sett in a plot at three months after planting Tuber Intoxd Intensity of tuber flesh enzymatic oxidation (degree of flesh color change or browning of cut yam tuber) Tuber flesh oxidation intensity Oxidation intensity end of flowering time TIMEF End of flowering time or when a plant does not produce new flower in a plot Time to end of flowering Plant Record the number of germinated seedlings per cross or family Number of germinated seedling-Counting Establishment rate of seedlings sderat Seedling Seedling Establishment rate Establishment rate Number of bulbil Bulbp Aerial tuber Number of bulbils or aerial tubers produced Number Ratio between subplot ground cover area and its respective convex hull area - Computation Averaged crop cover compactness over two subplots images around time of 50% of maximum ground cover. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Time at 50% of maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Images choosen as near as possible of date of time at 50% of maximum growth . Compactness computed as the ration between ground cover area (pixels) and its respective convex hull area (pixels). Growth cycle length Time between 5% emergence and 95% senescence Growth cycle length Canopy NBTPL number Number of big size tubers ( ?1 kg) per plant Big tuber Big size tubers per plant Seeds germination start time germstart germination starting time Time the first seed germination occurred Seed Compute the average sprout length of five representative plants measurement taken in a plot Sprout length-computation Compute by dividing fresh weight measurement of all categroy/size tubers taken in a plot to the number of harvested plant in a net plot Total tuber fresh weight per plant-computation Measure the width of at most five big size tubers (?1kg) from net plot at wider portion of the tuber using vernier calliper or measuring tape and record the average Width of big size tubers-Computation Browness of the Tuber flesh colour color Tuber flesh The surface browness of the yam tuber flesh plant per plot Shape Bulbil shape Bulbsp Aerial tuber Predominant shape of the bulbils Measure the width of at most five small size tubers (<500 gm) from net plot at wider portion of the tuber using calliper or measuring tape and record the average Width of small size tubers-Computation Averaged maximum ground cover over two subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Maximum ground cover computed from ground cover dynamic modeled using time to event Beta Growth model. Subplot maximum ground cover from weekly image analysis - Computation 0-9 scale number of leaf rvt Color difference bewteen mean tuber flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values at cutting and 15 minutes latter Compute the ∆E2000 bewteen mean tuber flesh color computed from standardized image L*a*b* values at cutting and 15 minutes latter 0-1 binary scale fruiting ratio Fruit index is an estimation of pollinated flowers developing physiologically mature fruits Fruit index Fruit Period duration from planting to 50% sprout emergence Sprout Elapsed time between planting date and date of 50% emergence sprouts in a plot Earliness of emergence Measure the stem diameter at 15 cm above the base of five plants before senescence in a plot and record the average Stem diameter-computation Number of branchs - computation Count the number of branches above ground on at least five mature plants in a plot and record the average Seed index Seed Seed index is an estimation of pollinated flowers producing seeds seed set ratio Compute the ratio of pollinated florets developing seeds Seed index Canopy Crop vigor Growth vigor Duration from median emergence to 80% of maximum ground cover kg Tuber flesh color reading -measurement Measure the flesh surface color of tuber (head, middle and tail portion) at different time interval (0, 30, 60, 180 minutes after cutting) using colorimeter (a color spectrophotometer) or standard color chart. Scoring the most frequent flower sex type when more than 50% of the plants are flowered Plant or flower sex-Estimation plants per plot Record corm size in relation to tuber size using three scale Corm size-Estimation Tuber flesh texture-Estimation Record the texture of tuber flesh using scale Observe and record the fresh cut tuber flesh surface color at the head portion of the tuber at harvesting time. Tuber flesh color head portion - Estimation Mean number of nodes carrying cataphylles on main stem of 5 plants choosen randomly Plant Number Number of nodes carrying cataphylles Hardness scale 0-100 MbugSev Severity of mealybug tuber infestation. Tuber Mealybug tuber infestation severity Mealybug tuber infestation severity Brownness scale 0-100 Fruit maturity time - Estimation Record the date 90% of the developed fruits shows sign of physiological maturity (turning brown) Fruits/cross Odour of boiled yam BoilYamOdor Boiled root Yam odour Boiled yam Yam flavor Assess the small or odour the pounded yam that sensed at the nose before the yam reaches mouth and make sensory score using scale how appetizing or appealing the pounded yam to eat Aroma of pounded yam-Estimation 1-3 scale 0-1 scale Tuber flesh Intensity of tuber flesh enzymatic oxidation (degree of flesh color change or browning of cut yam tuber) Oxidation intensity Tuber flesh browning Leaf Number Number of leaves The number of leaves on a plant Nlfyp Corm size Size of corm in relation to tuber corsz Size Corm 1-4 score variable_of Record the corm ability to be separated from tuber in a binary scale Corm separation from tuber-Estimation Aerial tuber Number of bulbil Bulbpl Number Number of bulbils or aerial tubers produced stmhair hairiness Hairiness of stem Stem hairiness Stem Compute the weight to harvested bulbils per plant Bulbil yield (fresh weight) per plant-computation Bitterness 0-100 Observe the leaf abundance or mass on a mature plant and rate the density Leaf density - Estimation Tuber length-Computation Compute average tuber length of all size tubers measurement taken in a net plot Record the abundance or intesity of flowering when more than 50% of the plants are flowered in a plot Flowering intensity - Estimation Sensory test of how soft or hard, smooth or lumpy when boiled yam sensed during mastication in mouth or feeling with hand Texture of boiled yam-Estimation scale_of Leaf width - computation Measure the width from the widest part of leaf using a measuring tape on sampled 20 adult leaves ( four leaves per plant on at leat five plants in a plot), and record the average width Take count of the number of seeds set on each fruits and record the average seeds per fruit Seeds set - Comp 50% fruit set time-Estimation Record the date fruit set in 50% of plants in a plot Nodes carrying cataphylles - Counting Compute the average of the number of nodes carrying cataphylles on the main stem of 5 plants choosen randomly Observe the status of foliage senescence (leaf or vine yellowing) of plants in plot at 6 month onward and rate the maturity status Senescence- Estimation Score the smoothnessof the pounded yam , i.e., absence of lumps by finger feeling and using intensity scale Smoothness of pounded yam- Estimation Count number of aerial tubers or vine bulbils on plants in a net plot and compute the average number bulbils per plant Number of bulbil - Computation Compute the number of big size tubers produced per plant using the formula number of big size tuber in a plot divided by the total number of harvested plants Big size tubers per plant-computation number of fruits Time 50% of sprout emergence-Estimation Record date 50% of sprouts in a plot emerged Oxidation ratio of flesh Tuber flesh Flesh oxidation Tuber flesh oxidation Texture in the hand stickness method Sample is touched with fingers or moulded in the hands Record weight of rotten and/or diseased tubers harvested in a net plot Rotten tuber fresh weight per plot - Measurement Tuber surface texture - Estimation Record the smoothness or roughness of tuber skin in visual scale tuber number/plant Visual assessment of the tendency of a plant to grow in a certain shape and to attain mature height and spread Plant type-Estimation method_of Smoothness scale 0-10 Stbrwd Small tuber Small size tuber width Average width of small size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area Length Big size yam yield no adjusted- Computation Calculated as big size yam tuber weight per plot divided by size of effective harvest plot mutiplied by 10 1-5 general scale Record time of the first leaf emergence on sprouted shoot (vine) Time of first leaf emergence on sprouted shoot (vines)-Estimation SPBCOL Presence of spot on spine base Spine colored spot Presence of colored spots at the spine base of sprouted shoots (vine) with spines number of branch Viruses infection incidence - Computation Compute the proportion of virus symptomatic individuals or their parts or commonly the portion of plant units in a plot. Take virus incidence recording thrice: First inspection at 8 to 10 weeks after planting and second inspection after 4 to 6 weeks after first inspection for virus symptoms and the third and final inspection 4 to 6 weeks after the second inspection . Record the predominant color of stem on mature plant at five to six month after emergence using a five color scale Stem color - Estimation Time to all plants in a plot or unit area show full or complete foliage senescence Senescence time Plant TIMfsen Foliage senescence time