Standard Deviation Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatEqDiameter_STD GEVES/INRA No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With White Grub Symptoms SPNBPLSYWHGR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot FELECLS 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatEqDiameter GEVES/INRA Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter Very strong deficiency 1 GEVES/INRA PeriWidth3d_STD Standard Deviation Persiperm Width 3d Daphné Verdelet Hypocotyl Temperature Delta Daphné Verdelet DeltaTempHyp GEVES/INRA Summer Number Of Blate Pits Due To Mangold Fly SUMNBPLTOMF Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet NIBDM Nirs - Dry Matter Of Beets Leaf blade : Ratio Length / Width LE/WI Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet GEVES Perisperm Shape VA3d PerispShapeVA3d VirtualSeedGrade GEVES/INRA Virtual Seed Size Grade Daphné Verdelet Asynchronous 2 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BETAN Betaine NIR Absent/Present Beets Having Rhizopus Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPSRH 0 Glabrous - hairs completely absent Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Of Rhizoctonia Crown And Root Rot SPSRCRR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOBLB Summer Number Of Beet Leaf Bug On Plants PLOI GRIN Daphné Verdelet Ploidy Institut Technique de la Betterave LAIAUPC Daphné Verdelet Area Under Progress Curve Of LAI Over Time Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets MITOPBE Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHBWA Weight Of Beets Before Washing Daphné Verdelet 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 Area Under Progress Curve Of Chlorophyll Over Time CABAUPC Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Due To Heterodera Schachtii SPSHS intermediate 5 very resistant 1 BRANC Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Branched Beet Daphné Verdelet GREEN Florimond Desprez Stay Green EmbSphericity_STD GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Embryo Sphericity index Daphné Verdelet L STA Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Length Leaf Stalk Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 SPNBPLTONOMO Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Noctuid Moth Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet LABNA Daphné Verdelet mM Na Lab - Sodium Content Of Beet Mush Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez CLS Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) - Cercospora Beticola GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTONOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Plant With Perforated Leaves Due To Noctuid Moth Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOTHR Summer Number Of Thrips On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 1 No infection (100% plant stand) Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 Daphné Verdelet CLUSTERFAS GRIN Cluster Fasciation GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Normal seed Normal seed Area Under Progress Curve Of FCOVER Over Time FCOVERAUPC Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet EmbWidth3d_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Width 3d GEVES/INRA Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Striped Flea Beetle On Plants SUMNBCOSFB Daphné Verdelet HypSpd Hypocotyl Lengthening Speed (Hyp = 25 Mm) GEVES/INRA 3 intermediate stay green 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched PeriWidth3d GEVES/INRA Persiperm Width 3d Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) - Ramularia beticola Daphné Verdelet RLS DAMP Damping-off complex Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Weight Proportion Of Root Neck WGTPORN Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal WGHBSR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew FELEPM Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet EmptyVolume_STD Standard Deviation Empty Space Volume GEVES/INRA 1 absent International Data Base for Beta Leaf Betacyanin Pattern LeafBcyanin Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Multigermicity Multigerm seed GEVES/INRA 5 Sugar extraction 0 Immune Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYSLUG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Slug Symptoms 9 All plants severly damaged, no plants green (Infection 100%) SPTBW Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Western Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Fusarium Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez FUSA Fusarium Yellows – Fusarium Oxysporum & Secorum Manganese Deficiency Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet MAGNE SeedVol Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Seed Volume 3 light green 9 All plants have yellow leaves, none have green leaves _ Plot colour dominantly yellow (Infection 100%) 3 intermediate Seed Spacing SEEDSP Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 11 leaf from regrowth Seed Coat Surface Area Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatSurfArea GEVES/INRA GRIN Root Aphids [1-4] Daphné Verdelet ROOTAPHID Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 SeedCoatRugosity Seed Coat Rugosity index GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Perisperm Lenght 3d PeriLength3d_STD Daphné Verdelet One embryo 2 StemDiam Daphné Verdelet Stem Diameter International Data Base for Beta Pseudomonas aptata Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet PSEU A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 5 moderate Daphné Verdelet GEVES Standard Deviation Embryo SpDiameter mm EmbSpDiameter_STD % S Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Sugar 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed (Old leaves starting wilting)(Infection 60%) Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) 2 Daphné Verdelet FlorweringTime International Data Base for Beta Flowering Time SUMNBPLTOLEMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Leaf Tunnels Due To Moth GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet PerispSurfArea Perisperm Surface Area 8 Light pink A single plant shows yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a single yellow plant (Infection 2%) 2 Percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds TWIN Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Number Of Yellow-Orange Beets YORNM BWIDM Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Beet Width Max GEVES/INRA Tx% Time To Reach X% Of Germination Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Pygmy Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESPYBE Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYPYBE Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms 8 Many plants with yellowing, only few plants green (>80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) 4 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet TOPQUAL Topping Quality 3 spotted higly susceptible 9 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Crane-Fly Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYCF SUMNBPLTOTHR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Thrips Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Empty seed Empty seed Institut Technique de la Betterave GACO Green Apterous Aphid Counting Daphné Verdelet GermFnlRt GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Germination Final Rate Daphné Verdelet PMAUDPC PM Audpc Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez GEVES/INRA SeedSurfArea Daphné Verdelet Seed Surface Area Hypocotyl Color HYPOCOTYL Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 0 Immune SeedShattering International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Seed Shattering 3 weak PerispVol Perisperm Volume GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet % SUG G Fructose + Glucose Daphné Verdelet PerispSpDiameter_STD GEVES Standard Deviation Perisperm SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet LABAN Lab - Amino Nitrogen Content Of Beet Mush mM N Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet EmptyVolume Empty Space Volume GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez BCN Beet Cyst Nematode (Bcn) – Heterodera Schachtii Beet Cyst Nematode Heterodera Schachtii TYPE GRIN Type Of Beet Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Stem Nematode Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOSTNEM Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 Intermediate number of yellowing plants - Plot looks slightly yellow (>20% plants with symptoms)(Infection 20%) 5 GRIN PETIOLECOL Petiole Color Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet SumTemp50pctGerm GEVES/INRA Temperature Sum To Reach 50% Germination W & K Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Juice Purity W&K 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 % WS Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of White Sugar Sugar Yield Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet S/HA Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GRAVPM Powdery Mildew Gravity 3 4 - 6 cm 8 Only a few green leaves - Plot looks dominantly yellow (>80% plants with symptoms)(Infection 80%) CLSAUDPC Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) Audpc Rhizomania BNYVV Florimond Desprez Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus (BNYVV) Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave TTFCOVER Thermal time after emergence to reach X% of Green Vegetation Cover Daphné Verdelet GEVES HGerm Hour of germination at 10°C Daphné Verdelet RWIDT Mean Root Width Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet heterogeneous 2 WHIL Wilting Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 7 > 90% past flowering No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 Entire defoliation - caution : regrowth !!! (Infection 100%) 9 susceptible 7 WGTPOTO Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Proportion Of Top Daphné Verdelet Rust – Uromyces Betae Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet RUST CotylFnlLg Daphné Verdelet Cotyledon Final Length (At 110°Cd) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Bigerm seed GEVES/INRA Bigerm seed 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) - 65% dead plants Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Daphné Verdelet HYPGR PETLENMAX Daphné Verdelet Petiole Length - Maximum GRIN Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 RadFnlLg Radicle Final Length (At 110°Cd) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Dead Plants DEADP Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet PeriEqDiameter Bolting Start BolStart Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 1 narrow ellipic Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Damage By Phytoproducts PHYTO Sbr Audpc Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SBRAUDPC Soil Humidity Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SOIHUM Daphné Verdelet RhizoYellow GRIN Rhizomania Yellowing 3 Weak Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Game SPNBPLDESGAME Daphné Verdelet GRIN Flesh Color FLESHCOLOR 3 several plants left (± 80% plant stand) - 20% dead plants LANILE Lab - Nitrogen Quantity In Leaf Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Plants only have green leaves - Plot looks 100% green (Infection 0%) 1 7 Use unknown 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 7 Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 0 Immune GC Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Ground Cover Rate Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms SPNBPLTOFLBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatWidth3d GEVES/INRA Seed Coat Width 3d Daphné Verdelet GRAVSBR Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Life form (ie life cycle) GRIN LIFEFORM Daphné Verdelet 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 5 Orange Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 totally touched leaf 10 Multigerm (2-4) 3 Betaine HPLC BETAH Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet R COL Root Color Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Leaf Height LHEIG Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Sclerotium rolfsii SCLE Blinkers Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BLINK Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Net Weight/Ha T/HA Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta FLoweringStart Flowering Start Slight stunting, severe leaf curling; less than half of the upper leaf surface visible due to curling; most of the larger leaves still erect - Majority of plants with Score = 5 5 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Slugs Counting Before Sowing SLCOBSO Aphanomyces Root Rot (Arr) – Aphanomyces Cochlioides Daphné Verdelet ARR GRIN/Florimond Desprez Black Root – Aphanomyces Cochlioides No deficiency 5 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina - Foliar Ratings CRRF high 7 Daphné Verdelet GEVES Standard Deviation Seed Coat SpDiameter mm SeedCoatSpDiameter_STD WGHLE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Leaves 2 Yellow Daphné Verdelet End Use ENDUSE GRIN 1 Very weak vigor higly susceptible 9 Number Of Yellow Beets Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet YELNB strong stay green 4 Standard Deviation Embryo Feret Shape 3d GEVES/INRA EmbFeretShape3d_STD Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOVOLE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Vole Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet General Scoring GEN. Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Technical Length Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet TECHLGT 7 Severe stunting, yellowing; leaves prostate and some leaves dead - Majority of plants with Score = 7 EmbLength3d_STD GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Embryo Lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Beet Top Diameter TODIAM intermediate 5 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 No plant with symptoms (Infection 0%) 1 International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet StemColor Stem Color RUSTAUDPC Rust AUDPC Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SPTBYV Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Yellow Virus Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) 8 GEVES/INRA DeltaTempRad Radicle Temperature Delta Daphné Verdelet 9 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Dry Matter Content NIR DMNIR very resistant 1 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESCENTI Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Centipede 0 no leaf yellowing 7 Non-swollen yellow / light green 2 GEVES/INRA Radicle Lengthening Speed (Root = 20 Mm) RadSpd Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet CotylSrf Cotyledon Surface Area (At 110°Cd) Powdery Mildew (PM) – Erysiphe betae PM Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Vole Symptoms SPNBPLSYVOLE 2 undertopped with petioles shorter than or equal to 2 cm GRIN LEAFHAIR Daphné Verdelet Leaf Hairiness 1 0 - 2 cm SPNBPLSYFLBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms MALESTER Male Sterility GRIN Daphné Verdelet healthy 0 Daphné Verdelet Embryo Surface Area GEVES/INRA EmbSurfArea homogeneous 4 GRIN Flowering Pattern – Within plants FLWRPATW Daphné Verdelet DM/HA Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Yield Daphné Verdelet Presence Of Embryo GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbPres 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (around 75-100 spots)(Infection 5%) Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet YLS Yellow Leaf Spot (YLS) – Stemphylium beticola 1 No infection (100% plant stand) SPNBPLTOCENTI Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Centipede Symptoms 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) EmbShapeVA3d_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) FillingRatio Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Seed Filling Ratio Yellow spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) 2 Green Vegetation Cover Over An Area Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave FCOVER partly monogerm /partly multigerm 2 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plants With Blate Touched By Spider Mite SUMNBPLLESPMI SM/POL-IS Molasse Sugar (F) / % Sugar Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Surface Area Daphné Verdelet GEVES EmbSurfArea_STD SUMNBCOMF Summer Number Of Mangold Flies On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet RPOSI Beet Position In Soil OCVV/International Data Base for Beta Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) 4 G Glucose Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet %GLUC Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet MFCO Mangod Fly (Pegomyia betae) Blate Pits And Maggot Counting GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbLength Embryo Length Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 Germity Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet GERM 8 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Younger leaves wilting)(Infection 80%) 3 Orange Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet POP Number of Plant / Parcel Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet ORANG Number Of Orange Beets 2 weak vigor 3 bolting Seed Coat Flatness Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatFlatness GEVES/INRA totally touched leaf 10 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet KG/PL Net Weight/Plot 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez ROOTSHAPE Root Shape Percentage Of Invert Sugar Venema %IS V Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 Weight Of Beets Before Sorting WGHBSO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GR/HA Gross Weight/T Per Ha Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet leaf from regrowth 11 Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Proportion Of Root Daphné Verdelet WGTPORO 2 weak damages multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering 50 to 95% of root surface 4 Embryo Sphericity index GEVES/INRA EmbSphericity Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Crane-Fly Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESCF Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Leaf Hoppers SUMNBPLTOLEH Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface]]> 3 GEVES/INRA Embryo Width 3d Daphné Verdelet EmbWidth3d 1 No wilting (Wilting 0%) Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Striped Flea Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESFLBE 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) - 35% dead plants 1 erect 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) LABGLC Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Lab - Glucose Content Of Beet Mush SeedMass GEVES/INRA Seed Mass Daphné Verdelet 1 non damaged 9 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms CRR Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina GR/PL Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Gross Weight/Plot Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms SPNBPLTOBLLEG Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOCF Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Crane-Fly Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Number NUMB. 3 resistant Florimond Desprez SBRM Daphné Verdelet SugarBeet Root Maggot - Tetanops myopaeformis Daphné Verdelet FloweringEnd International Data Base for Beta Flowering End Embryo Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES EmbShapeVA3d SeedCoatSpDiameter Seed Coat SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet GEVES Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 7 red purple Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets After Washing WGHAWA Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez RLSAUDPC Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) Audpc 3 Twins Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Bolters Total Number TOT. 8 fibrous 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) 9 50-100% flower 6 Seedling Growth Base Temperature Daphné Verdelet Tb Seedling GEVES/INRA GEVES/INRA Tb Germ Germination Base Temperature Daphné Verdelet White to yellow 2 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Black Aphid Counting BACO medium 5 Nirs - Chlorophyll Quantity In Plot NICHLOROPPL Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Seed Maturity SeedMaturity Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta 1 Very heterogeneous BLIST Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Blistering Broad elliptic 4 Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GRAVRLS Maximum Beet Diameter Class Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet CLBEDIAM highly tolerant 5 SMO M Smoothness Score Mean Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Lenght 3d GEVES/INRA PeriLength3d Daphné Verdelet 4 Red Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BSN Beet Stem Nematode – Ditylenchus Dipsaci Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet NMBREBE 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched CUTICLE Daphné Verdelet Cuticle Thickness GRIN CLDIAMBRE Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Double Plant At Field Emergence DBFEMER Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Maximum Thickness SeedCoatMaxThickness REGRO Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Leaf Regrowth Beet Roundness Mean Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet RND M 5 very homogeneous GEVES SeedCoatSurfArea_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Surface Area Daphné Verdelet Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 LeafNb Daphné Verdelet Leaf Number International Data Base for Beta 1 No infection GEVES/INRA DeltaTempCot Daphné Verdelet Cotyledon Temperature Delta Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYBLLEG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Early germination rate Daphné Verdelet GEVES EGermRt MGT Mean Germination Time Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Aphanomyces cochlioides - Foliar Ratings Florimond Desprez ARF Daphné Verdelet GRIN Daphné Verdelet FLWRPATB Flowering Pattern – Between plants EmbEqDiameter_STD GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Embryo Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet Maximum Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image REFLAImax Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Abnormal seed Abnormal seed Daphné Verdelet 3 nymphs present, few adults present 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) GEVES/INRA SeedCoatMaxThickness_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Maximum Thickness Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmbFeretShape3d Daphné Verdelet Embryo Feret Shape 3d Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet FELESBR Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Spots on nearly all leaves (Infection 10%) 4 11 leaf from regrowth 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Nirs - Sugar Content Of Beets NIBSC Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYNOMO Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Noctuid Moth Symptoms 9 present 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 3 intermediate Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 PETLENMIN GRIN Petiole Length - Minimum Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet LABSC Lab- Sugar Content Of Beets Mush 8 Severe infection: few plants surviving, others dead (± 80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Millipede Symptoms SPNBPLSYMILL PINK Number Of Pink Beets Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 3 Several plants with infection (± 5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) SugarBeet Root Aphid - Phemphigus betae Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SBRA highly tolerant 5 TOTHI Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Top Thickness very resistant 1 Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta StemNb Stem Number susceptible 7 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Tip Width Mean TWI M 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 9 Plant dead - Majority of plants with Score = 9 3 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 % DM Dry Matter Content Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet EmbSpDiameter GEVES Daphné Verdelet Embryo SpDiameter mm 2 Single plants with slight yellowing (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) strong stay green 5 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 4 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves (>20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) Completely male sterile, black or brown anthers 3 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SOIL Soil Effect International Data Base for Beta FleshCoarness Root Flesh Coarness Daphné Verdelet Red 3 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Mild Yellowing Luteovirus SPTBMYV Summer Number Of Moth On Plants SUMNBCOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet BOLC Bolters Counting Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Mixed 4 1 Fertile 2 Spots on one or two leaves (around 25-50 spots)(Infection 2%) Daphné Verdelet %IS K Percentage Of Invert Sugar Kit Florimond Desprez Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 Bract Distribution Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta BractDistrib Beet Size Mean Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BSI M Violet Root Rot (VRR) – Helicobasidium Purpureum Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet VRR 0 healthy 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 No infection (100% plant stand) 1 Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Flatness SeedCoatFlatness_STD GEVES/INRA Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 Florimond Desprez Width Leaf Blade Daphné Verdelet WIBLA Leaf Undulation L UND Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Volume GEVES Daphné Verdelet EmbVol_STD 5 Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) < 10% flower 4 Spring Population Institut Technique de la Betterave SPRPOP Daphné Verdelet Rhizoctonia Root Rot (RRR) – Rhizoctonia Solani GRIN/Florimond Desprez RRR Daphné Verdelet Stand Homogeneity Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet STAND 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched PSI b Germ Germination Base Water Potential GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet A few yellow spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) 3 GRIN/Florimond Desprez Leaf Position LPOSI Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatLength3d Seed Coat lenght 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESBLLEG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Aphanomyces Black Leg Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet GRIN PolymyxaBetae Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae. SPNBPLDESMILL Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Millipede 4 wounded and bruised BYV Beet Yellows Virus Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Embryo Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmbEqDiameter Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 6 Increasing number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>40% plants with symptoms)(Infection 40%) Standard Deviation Perisperm Shape VA3d GEVES PerispShapeVA3d_STD Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatWidth3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Width 3d GEVES/INRA Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet PHOMA Phoma Betae GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Seed Coat lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatLength3d_STD 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Seed Coat Rugosity index SeedCoatRugosity_STD Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 KNa K + Na Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet absent 1 SPNBPLTOPYBE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet entire red 9 FEROBE Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Beet Leaf Bug Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOBLB Institut Technique de la Betterave 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 Florimond Desprez WHITE Daphné Verdelet Number Of White Beets Daphné Verdelet GEVES Seed Coat Shape VA3d SeedCoatShapeVA3d 1 Monogerm higly susceptible 9 No infection (Infection 0%) 1 BWIDH Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Beet Width Half Beet Chlorosis Virus BChV Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 6 Candy Striped, alternating red and green streaks on bolted flower stalks and larger lateral branches. Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet FCOVERmax Maximum Green Vegetation Cover Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Frozen Beets FROST SPNBPLDESSTNEM Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Stem Nematode 5 very strong damages - the whole plot is burned 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 untopped with petioles longer than 2 cm 1 No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 3 %FRUC G Fructose Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet L COL Leaf Color Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Verticillium VERT 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing (>5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) SOITARE Soil Tare Evaluation = %TARE Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) 6 Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Centipede Symptoms SPNBPLSYCENTI Daphné Verdelet broad elliptic 4 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet THE M Top Height Mean 2 7 - 9 cm red vein 5 1 very little Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image REFLAI Petiole Width - Maximum GRIN Daphné Verdelet PETWIDMAX WIWOCO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Wireworms counting CFCOBSO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Crane-Fly Counting Before Sowing Magnesium Deficiency Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Mg 2 Monogerm and multigerm mixed FELERLS Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Sphericity index GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet PeriSphericity > 15 cm 6 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 Distinct large brown necrotic sppots on most leaves + start coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 WGHROBE Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SMPOL Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Sm/Pol DMNHA Dry Matter Yield NIR Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Medium 5 PETWIDMIN GRIN Daphné Verdelet Petiole Width - Minimum 1 No symptom (Infection 0%) Beet Mild Yellowing Virus BMYV Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 2 Almost no infection (few plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) nymphs present, mant adults present 4 Daphné Verdelet GEVES Standard Deviation Seed Coat Volume SeedCoatVol_STD 2 starting to bolt NEST Nest Of Cercospora Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet SeedlingBcyanin Seedling Betacyanin Content International Data Base for Beta Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Slug Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOSLUG 3 Yellow strong deficiency 2 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 7 Strong 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 5 fully bolting < 10% flowering, 10-50% flower Slight infection (± 10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 3 Hairs very parse 10 totally touched leaf 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) acronym Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Nirs Leaf Area Index NILAI No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez mM K Daphné Verdelet Lab - Potassium Content Of Beet Brei sample LABK 1 No infection 2 2 or more colonies, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) 3 PeriSphericity_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Sphericity index GEVES/INRA Very weak Gen Ap 1 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESWHGR Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By White Grub 8 Only the center few whorls of leaves green and alive - Majority of plants with Score = 8 Erwinia Rot Erwinia Rot – Erwinia Betavasculorum Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez ERW Root Rot Erwinia medium 5 Large number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>60% plants with symptoms)(Infection 60%) 7 5 Purple Number Of Red Beets Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet RED International Data Base for Beta Leaf Dry Matter Content Daphné Verdelet LeafDryMat Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet TRIGE Percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds Stunting, slight yellowing; most leaves becoming prostrate - Majority of plants with Score = 6 6 Embryo Lenght 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbLength3d 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched All plants are covered with grey powdery mycellum (Infection 100%) 9 7 semi-prostrate no nymphs or adults present 1 First coalescing spots on one or twi leaves (Infection 20%) 5 3 intermediate vigor 5 overtopped with under half of max diameter bundle rings visible intermediate 5 RONETGRAV Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Rotten Net Gravity SPNBPLDESSLUG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Slug Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SeedGrade Daphné Verdelet Seed Size Grade GEVES/INRA Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Stem Nematode Symptoms SPNBPLSYSTNEM 6 All plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 40%) Pink 2 8 Remaining leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Infection 80%) 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 3 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 8 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Bolting Number Daphné Verdelet BOLN 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) 5 pink GRIN Ring Color Daphné Verdelet RINGCOLOR 4 Yellow orange Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 9 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 Immune 0 8 A few plants still standinf, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet L GLO Leaf Glossiness Beet Weight BEWGT Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 5 Narrow oblong BEDAMA Type Of Root Damage Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet MILLCO Millipede (Blaniulus guttulatus) Counting Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 Early Vigor EARLY Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) - 50% dead plants 5 1 White White Sugar Yield W&K Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet WSY Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 7 Strong BEDIAM Maximum Beet Diameter Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 0 Immune GEVES Standard Deviation Perisperm Volume Daphné Verdelet PerispVol_STD WGHASR Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 2 A few spots in the plot (Infection 2%) Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 1 present Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Perisperm Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet PeriEqDiameter_STD hard 7 2 almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) - 10% dead plants 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet DM Downy Mildew (DM) – Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae HeatTol_E INRA Daphné Verdelet High Temperatures Suceptibility Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOWHGR Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With White Grub Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Plant With Eroded Intern Crown - Moth Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOCRMO 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) Daphné Verdelet Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity GRAVCLS Institut Technique de la Betterave 9 bracts to the top GEVES PerispSurfArea_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm Surface Area Daphné Verdelet 2 Root vegetable 5 > 8 cm Nb Of Bolters/Nb Of Beets Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BOLT/ 0 healthy Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 Fibrous 8 6 angled topped 5 13 - 15 cm 2 elliptic 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Noctuid Moth SPNBPLDESNOMO 1 Empty 0 <0.1 not branched beet resistant 3 intermediate 5 Purple 5 Daphné Verdelet Leaf Fresh Matter Yield International Data Base for Beta LeafFreshMat 4 tolerant 2 - 4 cm 2 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet French Top Mean FRT M Narrow triangular 6 SeedCoatShapeVA3d_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES 1 highly susceptible 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 3 Orange First leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) 7 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 NINIPL Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Nirs - Nitrogen Quantity In Plot 3 Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) Slight leaf curl of the edge of new leaves; pimpling on the veins of the underside of the leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 3 3 Root Maggot Daphné Verdelet ROOTMAGGOT GRIN Yellow 5 Circular 3 Florimond Desprez WISTA Daphné Verdelet Width Leaf Stalk resistant 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 totally touched leaf 10 leaf from regrowth 11 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 Indeterminate 2 wounded 2 Curly Top Curly Top Virus Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez CTOP 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) susceptible 2 Embryo Volume Daphné Verdelet EmbVol GEVES/INRA No infection (100% plant stand) 1 7 Strong Highly multigerm (>5) 4 1 Leaf vegetable Mean Root Length RLEN Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 3 tender 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) PerispSpDiameter Daphné Verdelet GEVES Perisperm SpDiameter mm 9 - 11 cm 3 white 1 healthy 0 2 nymphs present, no adults present The 3, 4 remaing leaves with 50% decayed; other dead (Infection 80%) 8 Summer Number Of Noctuid Moth Caterpillars On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCONOMO susceptible 7 3 bruised All plants are covered with light white mycellum (Infection 60%) 7 2 Semi-fertile, more or less dehiscent anthers Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGHASO Weight Of Beets After Sorting RadLg Daphné Verdelet Radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C GEVES Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) 7 rosette stadium 1 Germinating Power Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GEPOW 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 absent 0 1 Narrow elliptic Daphné Verdelet BeetShape International Data Base for Beta Beet Shape Fodder_beet ontology Sugar_beet ontology Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 SUMNBPLTOSFB Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Striped Flea Beetle very tender 1 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) green 3 dark 7 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 SeedCoatThick GEVES/INRA Mean Seed Coat Thickness Daphné Verdelet 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) Florimond Desprez Length Leaf Blade Daphné Verdelet L BLA Field Emergence Quality Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet FIEMERQUAL No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOMILL Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Millipede Symptoms 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 1 highly susceptible 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) 6 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 prostrate 9 Distinct yellow spots on most leaves but not many brown necrotic spots (Infection 10%) 4 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 5 intermdiate 1 Monogerm red 7 8 Other (specify) Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 weak 3 1 one colony, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each SPNBPLTOGAME Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Game Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 5 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 2 Vein clearing of heart leaves, slight pimpling of veins on the underside of leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 2 Thin 0 REFLAIloss Loss of leaves due to Water stress Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 9 higly susceptible weak Gen Ap 2 Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet LACHLOROLE Lab - Chlorophyll Quantity In Leaf = CHLO1 Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 2 higly susceptible 9 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) ROOTAPHIDS Root Aphids Daphné Verdelet GRIN ROGROGRAV Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Rotten Gross Gravity 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) 4 0 no aphid colonies nor wax present 3 resistant 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 1 Synchronous 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 Percentage Of Bigerme In Seeds BIGER Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet very much 9 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) Spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) 2 very hard 9 4.5 - 7 cm 1 intermediate narrow oblong 5 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 1 little SeedCoatVol Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Volume GEVES/INRA 3 intermediate damages red 6 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) resistant 3 a few plants still standing, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 8 4 correctly topped Elliptic 2 1 White 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) circular 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 9 No plants left (Infection 100%) 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) - 95% dead plants Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 Green 1 tolerant 4 susceptible 7 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 Leaf and root veg. 3 very resistant 1 Yellow 2 4 Red 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (> 100 pots and rust spores starting to develop)(Infection 10%) 4 strong Gen Ap 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) semi-erect 3 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) 2 weak 3 SPNBPLSYGAME Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Game Symptoms 4 6 - 8 cm Drought Stress DROU Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering >95% of root surface 5 3 intermediate deficiency entity Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 4 orange 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 4 strong damages low 3 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 9 All older and younger leaves wilting or dead (Infection 100%) A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 intermediate 5 undertopped with no petioles 3 7 Old leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) 3 resistant 5 medium Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Spider Mites On Plants SUMNBCOSPMI 3 intermediate 1 No wilting (Wilting 0%) 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) susceptible 2 intermediate 5 5 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 5 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched Intermediate infection (± 40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 6 3 Only a few plants show yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a few yellow plants (Infection 5%) 3 Multigerm No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 1 No infection susceptible 7 11 - 13 cm 4 Several plants show spots on leaves (Infection 5%) 3 non-swollen 7 intermediate Gen Ap 3 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Vole SPNBPLDESVOLE 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) 5 irregular 9 All plants are covered with thick white mycellum (Infection 80%) 8 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 1 No infection Determinate 1 9 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 2 Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 6 narrow obtriangular 4 Most plants moderately yellowing (<10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) inflorescence half way up 5 very resistant 1 3 yellow 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 1 No infection strong vigor 4 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 7 Strong 7 intermediate 5 Intermediate to severe infection (± 60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) 7 1 No Symptoms - Majority of plants with Score = 1 medium 5 4 Distincts spots on most leaves but not coalescing (Infection 10%) 1 High : branched beet Thick 9 First coealescing spots on one or two (old) leaves (Infection 20%) 5 9 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) Very weak stay green 1 1 No infection First large brown necrotic spots, spots on one or two leaves (Infection 20%) 5 Fodder 4 More than 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) 7 5 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) Slight infection - Plot still looks green as dominant colour (>10% plants with clear yellow symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 5 strong vigor Most leaves moderately curling; more than half of the upper surface of the leaf visible - Majority of plants with Score = 4 4 No damages 1 9 Pink Most of the plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 20%) 5 5 Medium 9 No plant left (± 0% plant stand) - 100% dead plants 9 100 percent leaf yellowing Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 9 Entire defoliation (caution : regrowth !!!) (Infection 100%) 1 very resistant 6 Biomass 9 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) absent 0 4 weak deficiency 3 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 2 green / light green 1 White 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) - 80% dead plants 7 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 5 hairy 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) Very hairy 7 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 5 Very strong Gen Ap weak stay green 2 attribute 7 susceptible some present on the lower part 1 HeatTol Growth of plants under heat condition and rate the tolerance Plant Heat stress tolerance Heat stress tolerance Summer Number of beet leaf bug on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOBLB method Flowering time Stages of seed bearer flowering Flowering time Plant index Number of plant Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth Intern crown eroded Pests - Moth Absent/Present Measurement of perisperm shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Computation of Seedling Growth Base Temperature Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Millipede symptoms Number of plant with AB217 symptoms Number of plant Pests - Millipede Susceptibility Susceptibility to Rhizomania Viral disease - Rhizomania Rhizomania Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Number of plants with cercospora leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (if no treatment - If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Stemphylium beticola susceptibility scale Embryo Shape Embryo Standard deviation of the shape factor of the embryo Shape Counting of millipede guttulatus Pests - Blaniulus guttulatus Millipede guttulatus Number Susceptibility to seedling disease due to soil-borne fungi (Aphanomyces cochlioides, R. solani, Pythium spp., Phoma betae) Damping-off complex Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the embryo Embryo Sphere Diameter Length Embryo Embryo width Width Standard deviation of the embryo width Embryo Absent/Present beets touched by beet western - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBW method Rhizomania Yellowing susceptibility scale Estimation of Beet Cyst Heterodera Schachtii Susceptability to Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii) Susceptibility Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Curly top Viral disease - Curly top virus Fungal disease - Stemphylium beticola Susceptibility Susceptibility to yellow leaf spot due to Stemphylium beticola Stemphylium beticola Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Productivity - Weight Of Beets Plot Weight Presence Automatic detection of the presence of embryo Presence of embryo Embryo Measurement of the presence of embryo Automatic detection of the presence of embryo. Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 2D X-Ray. % Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Estimation of Yellows Virus AUDPC of CLS AUDPC : Under curve area of CLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) SUMNBPLTOCRMO method Summer Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Computation of Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Number of beets with break diameter less or equal to 2 cm relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Observation of beet shape None Estimation of early vigor Observe the vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Rotten root Number Rotten beet number Number of rotten beets Seed area Area External surface area of the hole seed measured Seed Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Growth rate Hypocotyl lengthening speed Hypocotyl Estimating the percentage of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed in % Computation of seed's filling ratio Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility scale Macrophomina Phaseolina Fungal disease - Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Count the number of frozen beets Cold stress damage Plant Cold stress damage Fungal disease - Verticillium Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Verticillium wilt Susceptibility Counting the number of monogerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of monogerm seeds Percentage of monogerm seeds mm Measurement of free Glucose content by HPLC Free Glucose content of root measured on frozen brei sample (g/100g Fresh matter) by HPLC Observation of flowering pattern within plants Flowering pattern within plants Scale for Flowering Pattern within plants Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms Number of plant Pygmy beetle symptoms Pests - Pygmy beetle Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew Number of plants with powdery mildew spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) cm Spring / Emergence Number of plant with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYVOLE method Length Minimum petiole length among plants Petiole Petiole length Determination of juice purity Estimation of juice purity from the 'Wieniger & Kubadinov' formula based on impurity (K, Na and Alpha-N) and sucrose contents Esitimation of Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Estimation of green pixels An Area Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Evaluation of the average plant stay green Evaluation of the average plant stay green Productivity - Root dry matter yield Root Dry matter yield Root dry matter yield estimated by FT-NIR Ratio Leaf blade ratio Leaf blade Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root groove - The closer the number is to 9, the smoother the root is Measurement of Smoothness Score Mean Number of dead plants for a whole plot Counting of Dead Plants Susceptibility to Violet Root [Helicobasidium purpureum] Observation of violet root rot susceptibility Measurement of Tip Width Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average width of broken apical part LAI Leaf Area index Leaf area index (LAI) evaluated by NIRS Leaf area index (LAI) Stand homogeneity Population Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Plot Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the maximal diameter Measurement of Beet Width Max Tetanops myopaeformis susceptibility scale Observation of seed maturity None Length Cotyledon length Cotyledon Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth Ditylenchus Dipsaci susceptibility scale Greeness Evaluation of the average plant stay green Plant Productivity - Plant stay green Beets touched by beet western Root Viral disease - Beet western Beet western Number Counting of blate pits Pests - Pegomyia betae Blate pits kg Sterility Male flower Male fertility Degree of male sterility Ploidy scale Mean Productivity - Beet weight Weight of a single beet without leaves Root Weight Beet Chlorosis Virus susceptibility scale SPNBPLTOCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCF and SPNBPLSYCF Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Measurement of Stem Diameter Estimation of dry matter yield Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content predicted by FT-NIR Betacyanin content Betacyanin content in seed Seedling Seedling Betacyanin Content Determination of ploidy level Plant Plant ploidy level Ploidy Weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Leaf weight Leaf Weight Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the diameter located at the half of the root under the max diameter Measurement of Beet Width Half Phytoproducts damages scale Observation of Stem Color Color of the inflorescence stem Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Orange beet Non Orange beet number Number Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Estimation of Chlorosis Virus Spider mites Number Pests - Spider mites Number of spider mites on plants Cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster Fasciation Betaine content in root Betaine content Betaine content by FT-NIR Root Mineral Deficiency scale Computation of white sugar content in the root Percentage of white sugar in the root at plot scale Dry matter content in root Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Dry matter content Root Leaf Total dry matter content of leaves Dry matter content Dry matter content of leaves Measurement of Soil Humidity Humidity of soil in % Height of top of the beet Measurement of Top Thickness General scoring scale Measurement of petiole length among Length Minimum Mean minimum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of sugar content of beet mush Sugar content (saccharin) of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Estimation of heat tolerance Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. Green vegetation cover (FCOVER) evolution Cover AUPC of green vegetation cover Green vegetation Susceptibility Sclerotium rolfsii Fungal disease - Sclerotium rolfsii Susceptibility to root rot due to Sclerotium rolfsii Calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery (in m²/m²) Evaluation of total foliar surface Measurement of matter Matter Content Total dry matter content of leaves Count the number of double plants at field emergence Number Double plant Double plant number Evaluation of root damages visually Root damage Damange Root Beet Shape scale Productivity - Soil proportion in raw beet weight Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight Proportion Soil Evaluation of topping quality visually Productivity - Topping quality Topping Quality Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Fungal disease - Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Susceptibility to downy mildew due to Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Susceptibility Beet position in soil Part of the root which exceeds the soil Position Root Pests - Thrips Thrips Number Number of thrips on plants Bacterial disease - Pseudomonas aptata Pseudomonas aptata Susceptibility Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata count unit Germination time Time of the germination of the seed Germination time Seed Pests - Noctuid moth Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth Perforated leaves Number of plant SPNBPLSYCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Observation of Root Shape Root shape in longitudinal section SPNBPLTOMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESMILL and SPNBPLSYMILL mm3 Observe the Manganese Deficiency Estimation of manganese deficiency Uromyces betae Susceptibility Susceptibility to rust due to Uromyces betae Fungal disease - Uromyces betae Fungal disease - Polymyxa betae Susceptibility to root rot due to Polymyxa betae Susceptibility Polymyxa betae Computation of seed coat flatness index Surface flatness measures how flat is the surface of seed coat Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by stem nematode on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESSTNEM method Plot Plot population Population Productivity - Plant productivity Filling rate Seed filling ratio Seed The ratio of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed SUMNBPLTOMF method Summer Number of blate pits due to mangol fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Seed coat Thickness Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh Seed coat thickness Betaine content mesured by HPLC on frozen brei sample Mesurement of Betaine content by HPLC Shattering Seed shattering None Seed Seed Volume Seed volume Total volume of the seed measured Seed coat Standard deviation of the volume of the seed coat Volume Seed coat volume Blistering scale Width Maximal diameter Beet width Root Total volume of the seed measured in cubic millimeter (mm3) Measurement of seed volume Observation of root maggot using de Lee Campbell Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility to root maggot using de Lee Campbell disease scoring scale Determination of the percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds Counting the number of trigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of trigerm seeds Number Plant population after sowing Plant Number of plants after sowing Integral of the logistic curve using the population countings at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd Computation of field emergence quality Measurement of Size Grade Seed size measured using sieves Shape of the beet Root Shape Beet shape Beet Yellows Virus Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Viral disease - Beet yellows virus Susceptibility Fungal disease - Ramularia beticola Susceptibility Ramularia beticola Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Measurement of the embryo volume Volume of the embryo measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Cumulative thermal time to reach 50% of germination Sum of daily mean temperature minus the base threshold value (germination base temperature Tbgerm) which is necessary from sowing to reach fifty percent germination. Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Observation of Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility Non Red beet number Non Red beet Number of beets by color not in root color trait Number Observation of Hypocotyl pigmentation Hypocotyl pigmentation Date Estimation of Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Foliar surface touched by sugar beet rust evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Pests - Vole Number of plant with vole symptoms Vole symptoms Number of plant Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus susceptibility sclN Summer Number of mangol flies on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOMF method Alpha-amino nitrogen content Alpha-amino nitrogen content in root Root alpha-amino nitrogen content Root Cotyledon Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature Cotyledon temperature Temperature Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade length Measurement of lenght Leaf Blade Inflorescence cluster fasciation Estimation of Inflorescence cluster fasciation Percentage Bolting percentage Bolting plant Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Phemphigus betae susceptibility scale Computation of Hypocotyl Temperature Delta Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Pests - White grub White grub symptoms Number of plant with white grub symptoms Number of plant Root gross yield calculated in t/ha Computation of root gross yield Volume Perisperm volume Perisperm Standard deviation of the volume of the perisperm Betacyanin content Leaf Evaluation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Leaf betacyanin pattern Coarness Flesh coarness Flesh Evaluation of flesh coarness Measurement of the average 'green above ground part' Height Root Root height Root Root width Width Measurement of the average root width Summer Number of thrips on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOTHR method Fusarium Susceptibility scale Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non White beet Non White beet number Number External surface area of the perisperm measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the perisperm Evaluation of topping quality visually, 1 and 2 are undertopped, 3 and 4 are well topped and 5 and 6 are overtopped Topping Quality SPNBPLTOCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCENTI and SPNBPLSYCENTI Measurement of embryo length The length of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Vigor Plant Vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Early vigor Potassium and sodium content Root Potassium and sodium content in the root Potassium and sodium content in root Counting of leafs None Scale for Stay green First, second, third and fourth count of bolting plants for a whole plot Counting of bolters Observation of seed shattering None Under progress curve area of Chlorophyll content evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of Chlorophyll Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the seed coat Seed coat Shape Seed coat SPNBPLTOGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESGAME and SPNBPLSYGAME h Observation of blistering Visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants (whole microplot) of the leaf blade Spring / Emergence Number of plant with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSTNEM and SPNBPLSYSTNEM SPNBPLTOSTNEM method mm² Flesh Color scale t/ha Root Color scale SPNBPLSYBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves AUDPC : Under curve area of SBR gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of SBR Evaluation of root damages visually. Wounded referes to significant mass loss. Bruised referes to scratched surface, visible crack with no mass loss. Wounded and bruised are both Observation of Type Of Root Damage °C Total number of bolting plants Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Leaf position Average of leaf position on a group of single plants Leaf Position Estimation of Sugar content of beet Sugar content of beet predicted by a NIRS Observation of flowering time Stages of seed bearer flowering Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by aphanomyces black leg on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESBLLEG method Standard deviation of the seed coat width Width Seed coat Seed coat width Count of wireworms in a parcel Counting of wireworms Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity scale Measurement of area of the embryo External surface area of the embryo measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Determination of the average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Undulation Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Washing Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Leaf Hairiness Leaf hairiness Presence of hairiness of leaf surface Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers Leaf hoppers Pests - Leaf hoppers Number of plant Dry matter predicted by a NIRS Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors White Beets Embryo sp diameter measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of embryo sp diameter Measurement of the perisperm volume Volume of the perisperm measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Phoma Betae Susceptibility scale Standard deviation of the perisperm length Length Perisperm lenght Perisperm Susceptibility to Root Aphids Observation of Root Aphids susceptibility Root Color Root color below ground of a group of single plants Root color Measurement of seed coat sp diameter Seed coat sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Estimation of Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility Susceptibility to Sclerotium root rot Number Counting of blinkers Viral disease - Blinkers Blinkers Root shape in longitudinal section Root Root shape Shape Perisperm SpDiameter Perisperm Length Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the perisperm Percentage of beets not much broken Broken beets Broken Root SUMNBCOMO method Summer Number of moth on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Root gross weight / microplot in kg/ha Measurement of gross weight Seed coat Seed coat equivalent diameter Diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the seed coat Measurement of the volume of the empty space in the seed The volume of the empty space in the seed measured in mm3 Leaf chlorophyll quantity Chlorophyll content Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves Canopy Trigerm Seed quality Seed Percentage of trigerm seeds in a seed sample Evaluation of LAI Evaluation of LAI loss : 0 if no loss to -1 if 100% loss Stem color Color Color of the inflorescence stem Stem SUMNBCOSFB method Summer Number of striped flea beetle on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Sugar Beet Rust Gravity scale Susceptibility to Black Root (Aphanomyces cochliodes). Estimation of Black Aphanomyces Cochlioides SPNBPLDESSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by slug on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Scale for Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Early germination rate Germination rate Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Seed Leaf Ground coverage by plant leaves Ground coverage Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESPYBE and SPNBPLSYPYBE SPNBPLTOPYBE method Measurement of net weight Root net weight / microplot in kg/ha Pseudomonas aptata scale Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth Cotyledon area Cotyledon Area Early vigor scale Measurement of glucose content of beet mush glucose of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Measurement of French Top Mean Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of the crown - The higher the number is, the more the crown tare is. Beet diameter Diameter Class of the maximum diameter of single beet Root Leaf Position scale Thickness Seed coat maximum thickness Standard deviation of the maximum thickness of the seed coat Seed coat Estimation of Susceptibility to Phoma betae Susceptibility to Phoma betae Weight Rotten root Rotten beet weight Productivity - Rotten beet weight Measurement of free Fructose content Free Fructose content of root measured on brei (g/100g Fresh matter) The length of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Measurement of seed coat length Scale for Type Of Root Damage Soil Humidity Humidity Measurement of soil humidity Soil Estimation of soil effect Observe the growth of plants per plot and rate the heterogeneity due to soil structure or soil depth Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit Sugar content Invert sugar content in root Root Average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade Glossiness Leaf blade glossiness Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Diameter Stem Stem diameter Spring / Emergence Number of plant with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYCENTI method undefined None Width Leaf blade width Leaf blade width on a group of single plants Leaf blade The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the perisperm Computation of perisperm equivalent diameter Type Of Beet scale Size Root Beet size as the ratio of max on min beet width Beet size Leaf Manganese deficiency Manganese deficiency Estimation of manganese deficiency Scoring of foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Observation of foliar damages by phytoproducts Number Total Bolting plant count Bolting plant Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of embryo shape SPSRCRR method Absent/Present beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot - evaluated at the end of summer Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape Seed Seed size Size Width Leaf stalk width on a group of single plants Leaf stalk Leaf stalk width White sugar yield calculated in t/ha. Computation of white sugar yield Empty seed Seed Empty Percentage of empty seeds in a sample Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Computation of Ratio Length / Width of leaf blade Germity scale Seed coat Area Seed coat area Standard deviation of the external surface area of the seed coat Wilting scale Measurement of seed Surface Area External surface area of the hole seed measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of petiole width among Width Maximum Mean maximum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Counting of green apterous aphids Number of green apterous aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of Crane-fly Before Sowing Number of crane-flies on 0.25 sqm using traps with bait - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Perisperm Area Standard deviation of the external surface area of the perisperm Perisperm area Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average 'green above ground part' Measurement of top Height Mean Standard deviation of the perisperm width Persiperm width Width Perisperm Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOBLB method Computation of embryo equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the embryo Powdery Mildew Gravity scale Susceptibility to Fusarium - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Estimation of Fusarium Susceptibility Total fresh matter yield of leaves Computation of Fresh Matter Yield of leaves Number of bolting plants for thousand plants after sowing Bolting plant Bolting plant number Number Computation of Soil Tare Evaluation Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight - calculated on 5 samples of 100 beets unitless Average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade undulation Leaf blade Undulation Soil fungal disease Susceptibility to seedling disease Susceptibility Seedling disease Measurement of beet weight Weight of a single beet without leaves m²/m² Number of beets with topping class Topped root Number Topped beet number Root Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia Beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot Rhizoctonia symptoms Beet Cyst Nematode Susceptibility scale Plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress Plant wilting Plant Wilting SPNBPLDESGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by game on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Chlorophyll content evolution Chlorophyll content AUPC Chlorophyll Leaf Gross yield Root gross yield Productivity - Root gross yield Root Male Sterility scale Diameter of single beet top Measurement of Beet Top Diameter Susceptibility to black root due to Aphanomyces cochlioides Aphanomyces cochlioides Fungal disease - Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility Juice purity Juice Purity Juice purity of a brei sample representative from the whole plot Susceptibility Susceptibility to beet cyst nematode due to Heterodera schachtii Pests - Heterodera Schachtii Heterodera schachtii Soil effect Effect Soil Heterogeneity of growth due to soil structure or soil depth Date of the seed bearer flowering end Observation of the Flowering End Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Measurement of Invert sugar content Observe the plants per plot under frost condition and count the number of frozen beets Countind of frozen beets g/m² leaf Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of seed coat shape Observation of lifeform Life form of the accession Score of Susceptibility to Rust Seed Maturity Seed maturity None Computation of seed coat equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the seed coat Importance Crown importance Crown Measurement of the importance of the crown Number of blinkers at level plot due to sensitive plant to rhizomania Counting of blinkers SPSHS method Absent/Present beets having symptoms due to Heterodera Schachtii - confirmed by cysts on radicles - evaluated regularly on plants between start of july and end of september Temperature Hypocotyl temperature Hypocotyl Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature Standard deviation of the flat surface of the seed coat Seed coat Flatness Seed coat flatness Aphanomyces cochlioides susceptibility scale Observation of Root Aphid susceptibility Susceptibility to root aphid scoring at harvest presence of aphid colonies on the outside of the beet root in combination with presence of wax using the Hutchinson and Campbell disease scoring scale Counting the number of plantlets with green hypocotyl after germinating test of a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of green hypocotyl Determination of the percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Weight of beets after washing for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Washing SUMNBPLLESPMI method Summer Number of plants with blates touched by spider mites - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Measurement of perisperm length The length of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Estimation of Rhizomania Rhizomania Susceptibility to Rhizomania - 1st, 2nd and 3rd notation Susceptibility Pests - Root maggot Root maggot Susceptibility to root maggot Ring Color scale The width of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Measurement of embryo width Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Weight of beets before soil removal for the entire plot Leaf wilting under drought stress Drought stress Drought stress susceptibility Leaf Percentage of abnormal seeds in a sample Abnormal seed Abnormal Seed Nitrogen content Leaf nitrogen quantity Quantity of nitrogen in leaves (in g/m²) Canopy Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Yellow beet number Non Yellow beet Number Degree of male sterility Degree of male sterility Visual inspection to observe wether one, two or more glomerules are sticked together into one glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of mutigermicity SPNBPLSYFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESWHGR and SPNBPLSYWHGR SPNBPLTOWHGR method Bigerm seed Seed Percentage of bigerm seeds in a seed sample Bigerm Volume Standard deviation of the volume of the empty space in the seed Empty space Empty space volume Color Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Root ring Ring color Bolting plant count Number Count of bolting plants for a whole plot Bolting plant Summer Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOLEH method Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade width Measurement of width Leaf blade Measurement of Beet Diameter Maximum diameter of single beet Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves around 15th of May, 25th of May and 06th of June - using a photography vertically taken Computation of Ground Cover Rate Counting of millipede guttulatus Count of millipede in a parcel Computation of Embryo Length Maximal length of the embryo extracted from the virtual embryo skeleton and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Seed Percentage of normal seeds in a sample Normal seed Normal Estimation of magnesium deficiency Leaf Magnesium deficiency Magnesium deficiency Observation of Bract Distribution Description of the importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Estimation of Susceptibility to Erysiphe Susceptibility to Erysiphe - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Observation of Main color of flesh Observation of Main color of flesh Counting of green apterous aphids Number Pests - Green aphid Green apterous aphids Calculated as: Σ (n T)/ Σ n, where n = number of seeds newly germinated at time T; T = hours from the beginning of the germination test, Σ n = final germination. Computation of Mean Germination Time Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by striped flea beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYSLUG method Measurement of the importance of branched beet Root Branched Branched beet Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Yellow Beets Plant Use General growth type and/or use type Productivity - Plant target use Beet length Root Length Beet length between top and tail Growth Seedling Seedling growth Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Observe the Magnesium Deficiency 1 + Alter, Magnesium Deficiency 2 + Alter Estimation of magnesium deficiency °Cdays None Estimation of flesh coarness Length Embryo length Embryo Standard deviation of the embryo length method_of Length Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the seed coat Seed coat Seed coat Sphere Diameter Leaf Color scale Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root width Measurement of Mean Root Width Measurement of the seed coat volume Volume of the seed coat measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Determination of the percentage of Bigerme In Seeds Counting the number of bigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of bigerm seeds Top beet thickness Thickness Height of top of the beet Top root Computation of quality index without Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization /quantity of extractable sugar - Formula without Invert sugar (glucose) Measurement of radicle length Measurement of radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C in Eloncam Spring / Emergence Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYPYBE method Summer Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCONOMO method Phytoproduct damage Foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Phytoproducts damage Leaf Measurement of weight Of Beets After Sorting Weight of beets after sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation mEq/100g of fresh matter Flesh Flesh color Main color of flesh Color Charcoal Root Rot susceptibility scale Petiole Color scale SPNBPLDESVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by vole on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Leaf Betacyanin Pattern scale Estimation of drought stress susceptibility Score leaf wilting per plot under drought stress SPNBPLTONOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESNOMO and SPNBPLSYNOMO Number of plants / parcel counted at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd thermal time after sowing Counting of number of plant after sowing Non Yellow-orange beet number Non Yellow-orange beet Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Date of the seed bearer flowering end Flowering end time Flowering end time Plant Root net yield calculated in t/ha Computation of root net yield Estimation of Ditylenchus dipsaci susceptibility Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci - plot-basis score based on the number of root presenting symptoms (stunting, swelling and rotting) Computation of the roundness average by the ratio Length / Width 1/2 after max (measured in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - Higher the ratio is, less round the beet is. Computation of Beet Roundness Mean Mesure of germinating power Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Damage by Ramularia Fungal disease - Ramularia Leaf Damage by Ramularia Leaf Leaf height Plant height on a group of single plants Height Root tip Width Tip width Measurement of the average width of broken apical part Leaf number Number of leaves Number Leaf Absent/Present beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBMYV method Beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Root Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Measurement of hypocotyl lengthening speed Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Susceptibility to Root Maggot Observation of Root Maggot susceptibility Measurement of width Leaf Stalk Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk width Curly top virus susceptibility scale Scale for Seedling Betacyanin Content Root Productivity - Root gross weight Weight Root gross weight Downy Mildew Susceptibility scale Radicle Radicle length Radicle length 7 days after the seed germination Length Counting of black aphids Number of black aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Quantity of nitrogen in canopy - predicted using a NIRS Quantity of nitrogen in canopy White sugar Productivity - White sugar yield White sugar yield calculated Yield Beet length between top and tail Measurement of Technical Length Measurement of cotyledon temperature Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Number of rotten beets on samples of 160 beets break down to percentage Bacterial disease - Erwinia Betavasculorum Erwinia Betavasculorum Susceptibility to root rot due to Erwinia Betavasculorum Susceptibility Computation of germination Base Temperature Temperature threshold value under which germination does not occur Aphanomyces Root Rot susceptibility scale Measurement of potassium content of beet mush Root Potassium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of nitrogen in leaves Quantity of nitrogen in leaves - measured in laboratory Measurement of area of the seed coat External surface area of the seed coat measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Pests - Black aphid Black aphids Counting of black aphids Number Leaf Damage by powdery mildew Damage by powdery mildew Fungal disease - Powdery Mildew Counting of Curly top Curly Top Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis The maximum thickness of all the measured points on the seed coat in millimeters (mm) Measurement of the maximum thicknes of the seed coat Hairiness scale Computation of the rugosity index of the seed coat Surface characterization of the Seed Coat Spring / Emergence Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYSTNEM method Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Orange Beets Computation of the sphericity index of the perisperm A measure of how closely the shape of the perisperm resembles that of a perfect sphere Susceptibility to root rot due to Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia solani Susceptibility Wireworms Counting of wireworms Number Pests - Wireworms Number of beets with topping class [1], [2], [5] or [6] relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Computation of Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Rotten root Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Proportion Productivity - Rotten gravity Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Susceptibility Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing virus Susceptibility to beet mild yellowing Virus AUDPC : Under curve area of RLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of RLS Estimation of Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot due to Stemphylium beticola Seed coat rugosity index Rugosity index Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the seed coat Seed coat scale_of Measurement of perisperm width The width of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Dead plant number Count the number of dead plants for a whole plot Number Dead plant Smoothness Root Measurement of the average root groove Smoothness Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants Number Pests - Noctuid moth caterpillars Noctuid moth caterpillars Potassium content in root Potassium content Root potassium content Root Individual seed mass Mass Seed Seed mass Date of the seed bearer flowering start Observation of the Flowering Start Seed Grain germination time Germination time Germination time Counting the number of genetic twins seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of twins Determination of the percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Susceptibility to root aphids Root aphids Susceptibility Pests - Phemphigus betae Susceptibility to Black Foliar [Aphanomyces cochliodes]. Estimation of Black Foliar Ratings Measurement of weight of Root Neck Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root neck Cercospora beticola Susceptibility Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola Fungal disease - Cercospora Beticola Pests - Stem nematode Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms Number of plant Stem nematode symptoms Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Observation of Leaf Regrowth Quantity of chlorophyll in canopy Chlorophyll quantity in leaf (in microgram/cm² of leaf) calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery Classification of root by diameter Class of the diameter of the root at the point of break in cm for single beet Time to reach x% of the total number of seeds, x = 10 to 90 Time of reach x% of germination Measurement of chlorophyll in leaves Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves - measured in laboratory Observation of leaf position Determination of the average of leaf position on a group of single plants Weight of beets before sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Root color below ground of a group of single plants Observation of below ground of a group Root Color Scale for Flowering Pattern between plants Counting of Slugs Before Sowing Number of slugs on 0.25 sqm using traps - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Computation of Free Fructose and Glucose Sum of Free Fructose and Glucose (g/100g Fresh matter) Cercospora nests Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Fungal disease - Cercospora Presence General growth type and/or use type. Observation of type Of Beet Sucrose content measured by polarimetry on Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Percentage of Sugar Content Counting of blate pits Number of blate pits due to mangod fly with indication of maggot presence or not per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Seed Bearer Counting of Cercospora beticola Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th notation Branched Beet scale SPNBPLDESCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by crane-fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Embryo shape characterisation index Computation of feret shape value of the embryo Embryo Volume Embryo volume Standard deviation of the volume of the embryo Susceptibility to Fusarium Vascular disease - Fusarium Susceptibility Fusarium SPNBPLDESPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by pygmy beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Measurement of radicle lengthening speed Seed coat Length Seed coat lenght Standard deviation of the seed coat length Number of plants with sugar beet rust pustules - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Root sodium content Root Sodium content in root Sodium content Observation of Cuticle Thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle (consult with IIRB) Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR Observation of Leaf Glossiness Determination of the average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Spring / Emergence Number of plant with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYNOMO method Drought Stress scale Counting Counting the number of plants in a plot Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by centipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESCENTI method Sugar content Root Quality index with invert sugar Sugar content in root Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by thrips - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOTHR method Seed Germination Mutigermicity Grain germination Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESVOLE and SPNBPLSYVOLE SPNBPLTOVOLE method Cercospora Beticola susceptibility scale Cuticle Thickness scale Fructose content in root Root Free fructose content of root measured Fructose content Slug symptoms Pests - Slugs Number of plant with slug symptoms Number of plant Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of branched beet - The higher the number is, the more forked the root is. Measurement of Branched Beet Beet Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility Viral disease - Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Distribution Bract distribution Importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Flower bract Productivity - Beet sugar yield Sugar yield Root Beet sugar yield Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms Pests - Aphanomyces black leg Aphanomyces black leg symptoms Number of plant Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the embryo Sphericity index Embryo Embryo sphericity index ‰ Spring Population Spring population Plan population 400°Cd after sowing Measurement of petiole width among Width Minimum Mean minimum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Observation of Color of petiole Observation of Color of petiole Length Leaf blade Leaf blade length Leaf blade length on a group of single plants Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Measurement of on early germination Rate Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Number of plants with ramularia leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Flowering Time scale µg/cm² leaf End Use scale Seed Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Germination rate Germinating power Summer Number of spider mites on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOSPMI method Summer Number of plants touched by striped flea beetle - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOSFB method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYGAME method Measurement of seed coat width The width of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Ratio Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae Observation of Polymyxa betae susceptibility Minimum petiole width among plants Petiole Petiole width Width Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola - 1st and 2nd notation Estimation of Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Estimation of Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity Foliar surface touched by cercospora leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Fungal disease - Rust Rust gravity evolution Gravity Rust Topping quality scale Observation of Erwinia rot susceptibility Susceptibility to Erwinia Rot Shape Embryo Embryo feret shape Standard deviation of the diameter of the embryo corresponds to the maximum extent in a given direction Embryo equivalent diameter Embryo Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the embryo Diameter Measurement of germination hour in Eloncam Hour of germination at 10°C in Eloncam Productivity - Root net yield Root Root net yield calculated Net yield Non Pink beet number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Pink beet Number Embryo Embryo area Area Standard deviation of the external surface area of the embryo Measurement of length Leaf Stalk Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk length Number of plant Pests - Crane-fly Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms Crane-fly symptoms AUDPC : Under curve area of RUST gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of RUST Root Fructose and glucose content Fructose and glucose content in root Free fructose and glucose onfresh matter A measure of how closely the shape of the embryo resembles that of a perfect sphere Computation of the sphericity index of the embryo Estimation of Pseudomonas aptata susceptibility Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Yellow-Orange Beets Invert sugar content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Estimation of content predicted by FT-NIR Stem Color scale Measurement of weight Of Top Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by top AUPC of LAI Under progress curve area of LAI evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures High Temperatures Suceptibility scale Measurement of perisperm sp diameter Perisperm sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Susceptibility to Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Estimation of Beet Yellowing Virus Measurement of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when harvesting single plants Observation of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when In Soil Observation of the leaf blade Leaf blade Blistering Observation Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh, measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Computation of the thicknesses of the seed coat mesh Scale for Maximum Beet Diameter Class Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Computation of rotten net gravity Mean maximum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole length among Length Maximum mg Leaf cuticle Thickness of leaf cuticle Cuticle thickness Thickness Measurement of the average root length Length Root Root length Percentage of bolters Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Plant life cycle state Life form Plant life forme (ie life cycle) state : annual, biannual, perenial… Plant Growth rate Radicle lengthening speed Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Radicle Sugar yield calculated in t/ha Computation of sugar yield Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Number Stem number Stem Flowering start time Plant Date of the seed bearer flowering start Flowering start time Root Rot Erwinia scale Estimation of Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Foliar surface touched by ramularia leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Counting of bolting plant Number of bolting plants for thousand plants at 1500°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2500°Cd and 3000°Cd after sowing Beets having rhizopus symptoms Fungal disease - Rhizopus Root Rhizopus symptoms Beet roundness Beet roundness Roundness Root LAI Leaf Area index AUPC of leaf area index Leaf area index (LAI) evolution Presence of Cercospora nests Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Violet Root Rot susceptibility scale Erysiphe Fungal disease - Erysiphe betae Susceptibility to Erysiphe Susceptibility Susceptibility to Rhizomania scored by the yellowing of the canopy; 0 is none and 9 is most yellowing. Observation of Rhizomania susceptibility Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Observation of rings color White sugar content in root White sugar content in the root White sugar content Root SUMNBPLTONOMO method Summer Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end None Measurement of Content of betacyanin in the beet SPNBPLDESNOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Measurement of the abnormal seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerulus is abnormal either by an embryonic malformation or by a perisperm defect . The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Red Beets Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSLUG and SPNBPLSYSLUG SPNBPLTOSLUG method Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule has only a single embryo and a perisperm without any malformation or defects. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the normal seed Pests - Mangold fly Number Number of mangol flies on plants Mangol flies Loss Loss of leaves due to water stress : reference measure based on an image to evaluate total foliar surface Leaf Loss of leaves (LAI) Phoma betae Fungal disease - Phoma betae Susceptibility Susceptibility to Phoma betae Classification of root by maximum diameter Class of the maximum diameter of single beet in cm Summer Number of leaf tunnels due to moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOLEMO method Glucose content Root Glucose content of beet mush Glucose content in root Counting of Double Plant At Field Emergence Number of plants doubled at field emergence : if 2 plants are spaced less than 0.5 * normal distance between 2 seeds - counted at 200°Cd after sowing Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Computation of Radicle Temperature Delta Petiole color Color of petiole Petiole Color Susceptibility to Rhizoctonia root rot Estimation of Rhizoctonia Solani Susceptibility Hypocotyl color Color Hypocotyl pigmentation Hypocotyl Under progress curve area of FCOVER evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of FCOVER Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility scale Ditylenchus dipsaci Susceptibility Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci Pests - Ditylenchus dipsaci Standard deviation of the shape factor of the perisperm Perisperm Shape Shape Perisperm Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Computation to estimate seed size SPNBPLTOFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESFLBE and SPNBPLSYFLBE Distance Seed Seed spacing Measurement of seed spacing Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESBLLEG and SPNBPLSYBLLEG SPNBPLTOBLLEG method Beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Bolting start time Start time Bolting Observation of Leaf Height Determination of the plant height on a group of single plants Life form scale Game symptoms Pests - Game Number of plant Number of plant with game symptoms Computation of rotten gross gravity Weight of rotten beets parts relative to gross weight of beets Observation of Bolting Start Determination of the beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Rotten parts of beets are cut and weighed together Measurement of Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Erysiphe betae susceptibility scale Radicle Temperature Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature Radicle temperature Leaf area index evaluated by NIRS Computation of leaf Area Index Damage by sugar beet rust Leaf Fungal disease - Sugar beet rust Damage by sugar beet rust Regrowth Leaf regrowth Leaf Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Measurement of weight of leaves Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Green vegetation Cover Green vegetation cover Field emergence quality Plant Emergence quality Computation of field emergence quality variable_of Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal Weight of beets after soil removal for the entire plot Leaf Regrowth scale Plot General appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Fungal disease - General scoring Observation Visual inspection to observe if two embryo present in a single glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the bigerm seed Observation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern None Observation of Leaf Color Determination of the average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Pests - Striped flea beetle Number Number of striped flea beetle on plants Striped flea beetle Root Maggot susceptibility scale Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Pink Beets Individual seed mass Mesasurement of seed mass Leaf blade Leaf blade color Average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Color Root aphids susceptibility scale 2 Pests - Centipede Number of plant with centipede symptoms Number of plant Centipede symptoms Flesh Coarness scale Leaf Height scale Pests - Beet leaf bug Number of plant Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug Leaves stinged Hairiness of leaf surface Observation of Hairiness of leaf surface mm/h Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Susceptibility to Root Aphids Estimation of root aphids susceptibility Measurement of the empty seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule is empty and therefore does not contain an organ. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Observation of the plant wilting Observe the plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress at plot scale Scale for Stand Homogeneity Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Counting of Stem Number Perisperm sphericity index Perisperm Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the perisperm Sphericity index Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Measurement of Final Rate Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility Pests - Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility to root maggot due to Tetanops myopaeformis Bract Distribution Scale Estimation of matter content predicted with FT-NIR Soluble dry matter content predicted with FT-NIR on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Measurement of cotyledon final length g/100g of fresh matter Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content measured by refractometer Computation of dry matter yield Susceptibility Susceptibility to violet root due to Helicobasidium purpureum Helicobasidium purpureum Fungal disease - Helicobasidium purpureum Estimation of Powdery Mildew Gravity Foliar surface touched by powdery mildew evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by white grub on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESWHGR method Flowering pattern between plants Observation of flowering pattern between plants Multigermicity scale Computation of Potassium and Sodium content Sum of Potassium and Sodium content in the root Measurement of weight of Root Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root herself Spring / Emergence Number of plant with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYMILL method Root Shape scale Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root length Measurement of Mean Root Length Productivity - Leaf fresh matter yield Total fresh matter yield of leaves Leaf Fresh matter yield Root Weight Root weight Single beet weight constituted by top Damping-off complex scale Leaf Glossiness scale Root Sodium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of sodium content of beet mush Hypocotyl Color scale Perisperm equivalent diameter Perisperm Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the persiperm Diameter Water potential threshold value under which germination does not occur Computation of Germination Base Water Potential Germination final rate Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Germination rate Seed Measurement of cotyledon surface area Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Ratio Max Width / Width 1/2 after max (meausred in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - High = cylindric beet; Low = conical beet Computation of Beet Size Mean Ramularia beticola susceptibility scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by millipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESMILL method Scale for Presence Of Embryo Susceptibility to Rust (Uromyces betae) at plot level - 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th notation Estimation of Rust Susceptibility Observation of general appearance of the plot Scoring the general appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Measurement of alpha-amino nitrogen content of beet mush Root alpha-amino nitrogen content measured by Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Rhizoctonia Solani susceptibility scale Determination of ploidy Determination by flux cytometer of the level of ploidy French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization / quantity of extractable sugar - Formula including Invert sugar (glucose) Computation of quality index with Invert Sugar Pests - Root aphids Susceptibility Root aphids Susceptibility to root aphids Leaf stalk length Leaf stalk Leaf stalk length on a group of single plants Length Scale for Beet Position In Soil Measurement of seed spacing Mean spacing between seeds measured on a line of 10 seeds Mpa Root Rot Susceptibility scale Root aphids susceptibility scale 1 Absent/Present beets touched by beet yellow virus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBYV method Root Root net weight Weight Productivity - Root net weight SPSRH method Absent/Present beets having rhizopus symptoms - evaluated at the end of summer Leaf Undulation scale Beet Mild Yellowing Virus susceptibility scale Seed Shattering scale Observation of Verticillium wilt susceptibility Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Measurement of dry Matter Content Soluble dry matter content measured on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample with a refractometer - In °Brix Beet Yellows Virus scale AUDPC : Under curve area of PM gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of PM