SOITARE Soil Tare Evaluation = %TARE Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Number Of Pink Beets PINK Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Seedling Growth Base Temperature Tb Seedling GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Beet Mild Yellowing Virus BMYV Florimond Desprez Florimond Desprez Leaf Glossiness L GLO Daphné Verdelet 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched Institut Technique de la Betterave GC Ground Cover Rate Daphné Verdelet Immune 0 Number Of Red Beets Florimond Desprez RED Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Bolting Start BolStart 3 Multigerm Daphné Verdelet PETWIDMAX GRIN Petiole Width - Maximum TODIAM Daphné Verdelet Beet Top Diameter Institut Technique de la Betterave 9 bracts to the top Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Width Leaf Stalk WISTA higly susceptible 9 LAIAUPC Area Under Progress Curve Of LAI Over Time Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 4 correctly topped Florimond Desprez W & K Percentage Of Juice Purity W&K Daphné Verdelet Abnormal seed GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Abnormal seed Yellow spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) 2 VRR Daphné Verdelet Violet Root Rot (VRR) – Helicobasidium Purpureum Florimond Desprez HeatTol_E Daphné Verdelet INRA High Temperatures Suceptibility Florimond Desprez Beet Stem Nematode – Ditylenchus Dipsaci Daphné Verdelet BSN 7 susceptible pink 5 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYPYBE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering >95% of root surface 5 Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Daphné Verdelet NMBREBE Institut Technique de la Betterave No Symptoms - Majority of plants with Score = 1 1 Stem Color StemColor International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet 7 More than 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) Institut Technique de la Betterave GRAVSBR Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatRugosity_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Rugosity index Standard Deviation Empty Space Volume Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmptyVolume_STD 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) SPNBPLTOBLLEG Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Summer Number Of Noctuid Moth Caterpillars On Plants Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCONOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave higly susceptible 9 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Thrips On Plants SUMNBCOTHR Institut Technique de la Betterave Institut Technique de la Betterave Wireworms counting Daphné Verdelet WIWOCO PerispVol GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Volume Loss of leaves due to Water stress REFLAIloss Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 8 Other (specify) SPNBPLTOWHGR Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With White Grub Symptoms Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta SeedMaturity Daphné Verdelet Seed Maturity PeriEqDiameter Perisperm Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 7 dark Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Centipede Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOCENTI Florimond Desprez Net Weight/Ha Daphné Verdelet T/HA GEVES/INRA Seed Coat Maximum Thickness Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatMaxThickness Flowering Pattern – Within plants Daphné Verdelet FLWRPATW GRIN 2 green / light green Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatShapeVA3d_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Shape VA3d GEVES GEVES/INRA SeedCoatVol Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Volume Lab - Sodium Content Of Beet Mush Daphné Verdelet mM Na LABNA Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez 10 totally touched leaf Persiperm Width 3d PeriWidth3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Dry Matter Yield Florimond Desprez DM/HA Standard Deviation Perisperm SpDiameter mm PerispSpDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Game SPNBPLDESGAME Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave weak stay green 2 Beet Width Max Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BWIDM 1 no nymphs or adults present 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) DBFEMER Double Plant At Field Emergence Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOPYBE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatMaxThickness_STD GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Seed Coat Maximum Thickness Daphné Verdelet 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 0 Immune SugarBeet Root Maggot - Tetanops myopaeformis SBRM Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez StemDiam Stem Diameter Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Florimond Desprez Beet Roundness Mean Daphné Verdelet RND M 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) Seed Coat Surface Area GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatSurfArea Daphné Verdelet BOLT/ Nb Of Bolters/Nb Of Beets Florimond Desprez 0 Thin Daphné Verdelet Maximum Green Vegetation Cover Institut Technique de la Betterave FCOVERmax Daphné Verdelet Leaf Hairiness LEAFHAIR GRIN 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) Length Leaf Blade Florimond Desprez L BLA Daphné Verdelet 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) PerispVol_STD GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Volume Standard Deviation Perisperm Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet PeriEqDiameter_STD GEVES/INRA 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 FUSA Fusarium Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez Fusarium Yellows – Fusarium Oxysporum & Secorum Sugar Yield Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet S/HA 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 7 high Cluster Fasciation GRIN Daphné Verdelet CLUSTERFAS SeedCoatThick Mean Seed Coat Thickness GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet WGHLE Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Leaves Institut Technique de la Betterave CLSAUDPC Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) Audpc susceptible 7 Gross Weight/T Per Ha Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez GR/HA RUST Florimond Desprez Rust – Uromyces Betae Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) - Cercospora Beticola CLS highly tolerant 5 resistant 3 Daphné Verdelet ORANG Florimond Desprez Number Of Orange Beets absent 0 Semi-fertile, more or less dehiscent anthers 2 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Leaf blade : Ratio Length / Width LE/WI SeedCoatSurfArea_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES Standard Deviation Seed Coat Surface Area Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet R COL Root Color Daphné Verdelet Black Root – Aphanomyces Cochlioides ARR Aphanomyces Root Rot (Arr) – Aphanomyces Cochlioides GRIN/Florimond Desprez Top Thickness Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave TOTHI Daphné Verdelet PeriSphericity Perisperm Sphericity index GEVES/INRA FELEPM Daphné Verdelet Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew Institut Technique de la Betterave GRIN/Florimond Desprez Hypocotyl Color HYPOCOTYL Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave CABAUPC Area Under Progress Curve Of Chlorophyll Over Time Daphné Verdelet OCVV/International Data Base for Beta RPOSI Beet Position In Soil Daphné Verdelet 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Mangold Flies On Plants SUMNBCOMF Daphné Verdelet GRIN End Use ENDUSE Embryo Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbEqDiameter No infection (100% plant stand) 1 medium 5 No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 Daphné Verdelet FleshCoarness International Data Base for Beta Root Flesh Coarness 1 very tender 7 All plants are covered with light white mycellum (Infection 60%) PSI b Germ Germination Base Water Potential GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Germinating Power Daphné Verdelet GEPOW Institut Technique de la Betterave Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet NUMB. Number Radicle Lengthening Speed (Root = 20 Mm) GEVES/INRA RadSpd Daphné Verdelet StemNb Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Stem Number Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 Florimond Desprez % DM Dry Matter Content Daphné Verdelet GRIN ROOTMAGGOT Root Maggot Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Maximum Beet Diameter Institut Technique de la Betterave BEDIAM WGHBSO Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESCF Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Crane-Fly Daphné Verdelet CotylSrf GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Cotyledon Surface Area (At 110°Cd) Daphné Verdelet Embryo Length GEVES/INRA EmbLength Standard Deviation Embryo Lenght 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbLength3d_STD 2 Single plants with slight yellowing (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Presence Of Embryo EmbPres GRIN PETIOLECOL Petiole Color Daphné Verdelet white 1 WHIL Wilting Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BChV Daphné Verdelet Beet Chlorosis Virus Florimond Desprez GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Embryo Width 3d EmbWidth3d 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (> 100 pots and rust spores starting to develop)(Infection 10%) FillingRatio Seed Filling Ratio GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet 2 Yellow Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Slug SPNBPLDESSLUG 8 Remaining leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Infection 80%) Lab- Sugar Content Of Beets Mush Institut Technique de la Betterave LABSC Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Invert Sugar Venema Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet %IS V LABAN Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet mM N Lab - Amino Nitrogen Content Of Beet Mush GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Tx% Time To Reach X% Of Germination Daphné Verdelet Damage By Phytoproducts PHYTO Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Dead Plants DEADP Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet FROST Frozen Beets Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Due To Heterodera Schachtii SPSHS Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Mangod Fly (Pegomyia betae) Blate Pits And Maggot Counting MFCO Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Stem Nematode SPNBPLDESSTNEM Institut Technique de la Betterave 4 orange Florimond Desprez Length Leaf Stalk Daphné Verdelet L STA Institut Technique de la Betterave Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Daphné Verdelet FELERLS All plants severly damaged, no plants green (Infection 100%) 9 Summer Number Of Spider Mites On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOSPMI Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet General Scoring GEN. 3 intermediate damages 9 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Green Vegetation Cover Over An Area FCOVER Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave TOPQUAL Daphné Verdelet Topping Quality Circular 3 Florimond Desprez CRRF Daphné Verdelet Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina - Foliar Ratings BRANC Florimond Desprez Branched Beet Daphné Verdelet 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) Florimond Desprez Pseudomonas aptata Daphné Verdelet PSEU FLWRPATB GRIN Flowering Pattern – Between plants Daphné Verdelet 0 healthy Standard Deviation Seed Coat SpDiameter mm GEVES SeedCoatSpDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) % WS Percentage Of White Sugar Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Empty Space Volume EmptyVolume GEVES/INRA Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BSI M Beet Size Mean KNa Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet K + Na intermediate 5 GRIN/Florimond Desprez LPOSI Daphné Verdelet Leaf Position Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet RLS Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) - Ramularia beticola 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) GEVES/INRA Cotyledon Temperature Delta Daphné Verdelet DeltaTempCot Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOBLB Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Beet Leaf Bug Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet YELNB Number Of Yellow Beets Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Proportion Of Top WGTPOTO PMAUDPC Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez PM Audpc Percentage Of Invert Sugar Kit Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet %IS K 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 Perisperm SpDiameter mm PerispSpDiameter GEVES Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave LABGLC Lab - Glucose Content Of Beet Mush Daphné Verdelet Root Aphids [1-4] Daphné Verdelet ROOTAPHID GRIN Intermediate number of yellowing plants - Plot looks slightly yellow (>20% plants with symptoms)(Infection 20%) 5 Bigerm seed Bigerm seed GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet 2 Root vegetable Early germination rate EGermRt GEVES Daphné Verdelet Increasing number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>40% plants with symptoms)(Infection 40%) 6 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYMILL Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Millipede Symptoms SPNBPLTONOMO Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Noctuid Moth Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Institut Technique de la Betterave FELESBR Daphné Verdelet Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Root Aphids Daphné Verdelet ROOTAPHIDS GRIN 1 No infection Daphné Verdelet Blinkers BLINK Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Millipede Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESMILL moderate 5 Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets After Sorting Daphné Verdelet WGHASO Net Weight/Plot KG/PL Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESCENTI Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Centipede Orange 3 Mean Germination Time MGT GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Powdery Mildew Gravity Institut Technique de la Betterave GRAVPM Daphné Verdelet GRIN PETLENMIN Daphné Verdelet Petiole Length - Minimum 3 A few yellow spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) RLSAUDPC Daphné Verdelet Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) Audpc Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez 5 No deficiency EmbShapeVA3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES Embryo Shape VA3d EARLY Florimond Desprez Early Vigor Daphné Verdelet Red 4 3 nymphs present, few adults present Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 2 Florimond Desprez Mean Root Width Daphné Verdelet RWIDT 3 tender Indeterminate 2 5 strong stay green Synchronous 1 1 Very weak vigor Institut Technique de la Betterave GRAVCLS Daphné Verdelet Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity BractDistrib Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Bract Distribution Daphné Verdelet SOIL Soil Effect Florimond Desprez SUMNBCOSFB Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Striped Flea Beetle On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) - 65% dead plants Summer Number Of Moth On Plants Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Vole Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYVOLE Florimond Desprez Yellow Leaf Spot (YLS) – Stemphylium beticola Daphné Verdelet YLS 2 A single plant shows yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a single yellow plant (Infection 2%) 7 hard SeedVol Seed Volume Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Rust AUDPC RUSTAUDPC Strong 7 Daphné Verdelet Flowering Time International Data Base for Beta FlorweringTime Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESBLLEG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Aphanomyces Black Leg Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOSLUG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Slug Symptoms undertopped with no petioles 3 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Surface Area SeedSurfArea GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Multigerm seed Multigermicity 6 angled topped GRIN PETWIDMIN Petiole Width - Minimum Daphné Verdelet Nirs - Chlorophyll Quantity In Plot Institut Technique de la Betterave NICHLOROPPL Daphné Verdelet Embryo SpDiameter mm EmbSpDiameter Daphné Verdelet GEVES TRIGE Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Lenght 3d PeriLength3d ARF Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Aphanomyces cochlioides - Foliar Ratings 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 1 very resistant Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 5 Institut Technique de la Betterave TECHLGT Daphné Verdelet Technical Length Daphné Verdelet DMNHA Dry Matter Yield NIR Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms SPNBPLTOFLBE NIBSC Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Nirs - Sugar Content Of Beets GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbEqDiameter_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Equivalent Diameter 3 Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 2 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Sphericity index PeriSphericity_STD Width Leaf Blade Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet WIBLA Daphné Verdelet Leaf Color L COL Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave CLBEDIAM Maximum Beet Diameter Class Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Crane-Fly Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOCF 9 Plant dead - Majority of plants with Score = 9 Daphné Verdelet Rhizomania Yellowing GRIN RhizoYellow Strong 7 Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHASR GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Volume SeedCoatVol_STD Lab - Potassium Content Of Beet Brei sample mM K LABK Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez Rhizoctonia Root Rot (RRR) – Rhizoctonia Solani RRR Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatLength3d Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat lenght 3d GEVES/INRA Asynchronous 2 3 circular weak Gen Ap 2 PeriLength3d_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Lenght 3d Summer Number Of Beet Leaf Bug On Plants Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBCOBLB TOT. Bolters Total Number Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Shape VA3d GEVES Daphné Verdelet PerispShapeVA3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez French Top Mean FRT M GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Feret Shape 3d EmbFeretShape3d_STD leaf from regrowth 11 10 totally touched leaf Slight infection - Plot still looks green as dominant colour (>10% plants with clear yellow symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 SPSRH Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Having Rhizopus Symptoms 2 strong deficiency BCN GRIN/Florimond Desprez Beet Cyst Nematode (Bcn) – Heterodera Schachtii Beet Cyst Nematode Heterodera Schachtii Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Noctuid Moth Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESNOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet LeafFreshMat International Data Base for Beta Leaf Fresh Matter Yield Fibrous 8 Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYNOMO Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Noctuid Moth Symptoms very resistant 1 WHITE Florimond Desprez Number Of White Beets Daphné Verdelet Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 2 Daphné Verdelet Normal seed Normal seed GEVES/INRA Institut Technique de la Betterave SPSRCRR Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Of Rhizoctonia Crown And Root Rot Daphné Verdelet 3 Completely male sterile, black or brown anthers Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Nirs - Dry Matter Of Beets NIBDM Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Top Height Mean THE M GRIN CUTICLE Daphné Verdelet Cuticle Thickness PeriWidth3d_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Persiperm Width 3d White Sugar Yield W&K WSY Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) SeedCoatEqDiameter_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Gross Weight/Plot Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet GR/PL 1 some present on the lower part EmbSphericity Embryo Sphericity index GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Flatness GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatFlatness_STD Pink 2 8 Light pink EmbFeretShape3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Embryo Feret Shape 3d 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 Spots on most leaves easely visible (around 75-100 spots)(Infection 5%) 3 Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Sugar Daphné Verdelet % S Daphné Verdelet Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae. GRIN PolymyxaBetae Daphné Verdelet LIFEFORM Life form (ie life cycle) GRIN Florimond Desprez %FRUC Daphné Verdelet G Fructose Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 SUMNBPLTOMF Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Blate Pits Due To Mangold Fly Institut Technique de la Betterave 4 strong vigor 9 prostrate Institut Technique de la Betterave Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Daphné Verdelet MITOPBE 9 All older and younger leaves wilting or dead (Infection 100%) GEVES Daphné Verdelet Hour of germination at 10°C HGerm 1 No symptom (Infection 0%) Daphné Verdelet EmbWidth3d_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Width 3d GEVES/INRA GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Powdery Mildew (PM) – Erysiphe betae PM BYV Beet Yellows Virus Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage FEROBE Daphné Verdelet Crane-Fly Counting Before Sowing Daphné Verdelet CFCOBSO Institut Technique de la Betterave 3 Several plants show spots on leaves (Infection 5%) GREEN Florimond Desprez Stay Green Daphné Verdelet SLCOBSO Daphné Verdelet Slugs Counting Before Sowing Institut Technique de la Betterave Verticillium Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet VERT Yellow orange 4 Beet Shape BeetShape International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Large number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>60% plants with symptoms)(Infection 60%) 7 GRIN PLOI Ploidy Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Germity GERM Florimond Desprez Immune 0 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina Daphné Verdelet CRR Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Florimond Desprez HYPGR Daphné Verdelet hairy 5 Daphné Verdelet Bolting Number Institut Technique de la Betterave BOLN GRIN TYPE Type Of Beet Daphné Verdelet narrow obtriangular 6 erect 1 International Data Base for Beta Flowering Start FLoweringStart Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BETAN Betaine NIR Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYBLLEG Daphné Verdelet BLIST Florimond Desprez Blistering Daphné Verdelet Male Sterility MALESTER GRIN Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 SeedlingBcyanin International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Seedling Betacyanin Content Sugar_beet ontology Fodder_beet ontology Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Daphné Verdelet TWIN EmbShapeVA3d_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Shape VA3d GEVES Daphné Verdelet 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) Slight leaf curl of the edge of new leaves; pimpling on the veins of the underside of the leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 3 3 Daphné Verdelet G Fructose + Glucose % SUG Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLLESPMI Summer Number Of Plants With Blate Touched By Spider Mite Institut Technique de la Betterave 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 GRIN FLESHCOLOR Daphné Verdelet Flesh Color untopped with petioles longer than 2 cm 1 POP Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Number of Plant / Parcel SOIHUM Daphné Verdelet Soil Humidity Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESWHGR Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By White Grub 1 0 - 2 cm Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 resistant 3 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 4 homogeneous REFLAI Institut Technique de la Betterave Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image Daphné Verdelet 5 Medium Stand Homogeneity Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet STAND 1 non damaged 5 First large brown necrotic spots, spots on one or two leaves (Infection 20%) susceptible 7 intermediate 5 entire red 9 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Mild Yellowing Luteovirus Daphné Verdelet SPTBMYV Institut Technique de la Betterave Number Of Yellow-Orange Beets YORNM Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 4 Slight infection (± 10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) Root Rot Erwinia Erwinia Rot Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez ERW Erwinia Rot – Erwinia Betavasculorum 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) - 35% dead plants One embryo 2 SPNBPLDESFLBE Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Striped Flea Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface]]> 3 DeltaTempHyp GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Hypocotyl Temperature Delta Seed Coat Width 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatWidth3d 8 A few plants still standinf, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) RLEN Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Mean Root Length 3 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) Leaf Betacyanin Pattern International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet LeafBcyanin 1 No infection SUMNBPLTOLEH Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Leaf Hoppers Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 3 Multigerm (2-4) 3 resistant narrow ellipic 1 SeedCoatRugosity GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Rugosity index Nirs Leaf Area Index Daphné Verdelet NILAI Institut Technique de la Betterave 1 No infection Beet Width Half Florimond Desprez BWIDH Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatEqDiameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter 5 Yellow Cotyledon Final Length (At 110°Cd) GEVES/INRA CotylFnlLg Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Leaf Tunnels Due To Moth Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOLEMO SPNBPLSYSLUG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Slug Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Sm/Pol Institut Technique de la Betterave SMPOL Nest Of Cercospora Florimond Desprez NEST Daphné Verdelet Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 SUMNBPLTOTHR Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Thrips Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SeedMass GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Mass Thermal time after emergence to reach X% of Green Vegetation Cover Daphné Verdelet TTFCOVER Institut Technique de la Betterave Empty seed GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Empty seed 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched Vein clearing of heart leaves, slight pimpling of veins on the underside of leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 2 2 weak vigor 2 Manganese Deficiency MAGNE Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet susceptible 7 3 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 6 > 15 cm Seed Coat Shape VA3d SeedCoatShapeVA3d GEVES Daphné Verdelet yellow / light green 2 4 weak deficiency Daphné Verdelet Millipede (Blaniulus guttulatus) Counting MILLCO Institut Technique de la Betterave higly susceptible 9 1 Fertile Spring Population Institut Technique de la Betterave SPRPOP Daphné Verdelet 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet CLDIAMBRE Institut Technique de la Betterave Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage WGHBWA Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets Before Washing Institut Technique de la Betterave 1 Determinate 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) No wilting (Wilting 0%) 1 Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Bigerme In Seeds Daphné Verdelet BIGER Leaf Dry Matter Content Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta LeafDryMat intermediate Gen Ap 3 Rhizomania BNYVV Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus (BNYVV) Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Game Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOGAME Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHAWA Weight Of Beets After Washing Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYGAME Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Game Symptoms SeedCoatWidth3d_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Width 3d Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Millipede Symptoms SPNBPLTOMILL Institut Technique de la Betterave 1 Very heterogeneous Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) 6 > 8 cm 5 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SumTemp50pctGerm Temperature Sum To Reach 50% Germination red purple 7 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) 4 Florimond Desprez Leaf Undulation L UND Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet SugarBeet Root Aphid - Phemphigus betae SBRA Florimond Desprez Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Yellow Virus Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPTBYV Weak 3 2 almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) - 10% dead plants Daphné Verdelet Betaine HPLC BETAH Florimond Desprez EmbSurfArea_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Surface Area GEVES Daphné Verdelet Slight to intermediate infection (± 20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 5 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Crane-Fly Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYCF Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave RONETGRAV Rotten Net Gravity Daphné Verdelet EmbSpDiameter_STD GEVES Standard Deviation Embryo SpDiameter mm resistant 3 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet DeltaTempRad Radicle Temperature Delta The 3, 4 remaing leaves with 50% decayed; other dead (Infection 80%) 8 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 no leaf yellowing 0 RINGCOLOR GRIN Daphné Verdelet Ring Color Daphné Verdelet FELECLS Institut Technique de la Betterave Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot susceptible 7 very much 9 Florimond Desprez PHOMA Daphné Verdelet Phoma Betae 3 semi-erect 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Proportion Of Root Daphné Verdelet WGTPORO 5 Orange 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) SEEDSP Daphné Verdelet Seed Spacing Institut Technique de la Betterave 8 Only a few green leaves - Plot looks dominantly yellow (>80% plants with symptoms)(Infection 80%) Candy Striped, alternating red and green streaks on bolted flower stalks and larger lateral branches. 6 0 no aphid colonies nor wax present Very strong deficiency 1 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 5 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave GRAVRLS Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity EmbVol GEVES/INRA Embryo Volume Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESVOLE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Vole Daphné Verdelet 9 No plant left (± 0% plant stand) - 100% dead plants Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 1 No infection LeafNb Leaf Number Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta 4 Highly multigerm (>5) GEVES Daphné Verdelet Radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C RadLg Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez LANILE Lab - Nitrogen Quantity In Leaf Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Content NIR Daphné Verdelet DMNIR Daphné Verdelet GRIN PETLENMAX Petiole Length - Maximum Daphné Verdelet Maximum Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image Institut Technique de la Betterave REFLAImax Standard Deviation Embryo Volume GEVES Daphné Verdelet EmbVol_STD 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) Institut Technique de la Betterave GACO Green Apterous Aphid Counting Daphné Verdelet No damages 1 Daphné Verdelet PerispSurfArea_STD GEVES Standard Deviation Perisperm Surface Area 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet EmbSphericity_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Sphericity index GEVES/INRA Germination Base Temperature GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Tb Germ 6 50-100% flower Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYFLBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms yellow 3 Florimond Desprez Magnesium Deficiency Daphné Verdelet Mg Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal WGHBSR Institut Technique de la Betterave Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 DROU Daphné Verdelet Drought Stress Florimond Desprez red 6 Institut Technique de la Betterave SPTBW Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Western A couple of plants with slight yellowing (>5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) 3 Daphné Verdelet EmbSurfArea Embryo Surface Area GEVES/INRA 7 > 90% past flowering 3 intermediate vigor Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHROBE 1 very little Bolters Counting BOLC Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 9 Entire defoliation (caution : regrowth !!!) (Infection 100%) intermediate narrow oblong 5 Daphné Verdelet LACHLOROLE Lab - Chlorophyll Quantity In Leaf = CHLO1 Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez very resistant 1 strong damages 4 FIEMERQUAL Daphné Verdelet Field Emergence Quality Institut Technique de la Betterave RadFnlLg GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Radicle Final Length (At 110°Cd) Fodder 4 13 - 15 cm 5 resistant 3 9 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms 7 Severe stunting, yellowing; leaves prostate and some leaves dead - Majority of plants with Score = 7 1 High : branched beet Institut Technique de la Betterave Black Aphid Counting Daphné Verdelet BACO Broad elliptic 4 5 Very strong Gen Ap 5 highly tolerant 9 All plants are covered with grey powdery mycellum (Infection 100%) Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Pygmy Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESPYBE Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 9 - 11 cm 3 susceptible 2 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatLength3d_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat lenght 3d 4 6 - 8 cm Non-swollen 7 undertopped with petioles shorter than or equal to 2 cm 2 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) FloweringEnd Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Flowering End No infection (100% plant stand) 1 7 semi-prostrate Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SM/POL-IS Molasse Sugar (F) / % Sugar 8 Many plants with yellowing, only few plants green (>80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) <0.1 not branched beet 0 GermFnlRt GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Germination Final Rate 0 absent PerispSurfArea GEVES/INRA Perisperm Surface Area Daphné Verdelet 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTONOMO Summer Number Of Plant With Perforated Leaves Due To Noctuid Moth Institut Technique de la Betterave Downy Mildew (DM) – Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae DM Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Centipede Symptoms SPNBPLSYCENTI Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched bruised 3 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 G Glucose Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet %GLUC 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) GEVES/INRA EmbLength3d Daphné Verdelet Embryo Lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOSFB Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Striped Flea Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave 7 First leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 Seed Shattering SeedShattering Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 4 < 10% flower Distincts spots on most leaves but not coalescing (Infection 10%) 4 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez ROOTSHAPE Root Shape 5 intermediate Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Stem Nematode Symptoms SPNBPLTOSTNEM Institut Technique de la Betterave Rotten Gross Gravity Institut Technique de la Betterave ROGROGRAV Daphné Verdelet Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 Narrow triangular 6 red vein 5 Hairs very parse 3 5 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) 9 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) 4 tolerant Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet LHEIG Leaf Height 1 White 2 Spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) Sclerotium rolfsii Daphné Verdelet SCLE Florimond Desprez 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms White to yellow 2 3 Red 5 Most of the plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 20%) 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) GEVES PerispShapeVA3d Perisperm Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet Immune 0 BEDAMA Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Type Of Root Damage Daphné Verdelet NINIPL Institut Technique de la Betterave Nirs - Nitrogen Quantity In Plot 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 7 Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 0 healthy Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 3 Several plants with infection (± 5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) 2 Spots on one or two leaves (around 25-50 spots)(Infection 2%) 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 5 very strong damages - the whole plot is burned intermediate 5 Daphné Verdelet Smoothness Score Mean SMO M Florimond Desprez 3 intermediate stay green Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 5 Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) 0 healthy Stunting, slight yellowing; most leaves becoming prostrate - Majority of plants with Score = 6 6 1 one colony, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) Curly Top Virus Curly Top Daphné Verdelet CTOP GRIN/Florimond Desprez 5 First coalescing spots on one or twi leaves (Infection 20%) Weight Proportion Of Root Neck Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGTPORN nymphs present, mant adults present 4 9 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) 5 fully bolting < 10% flowering, 10-50% flower 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) absent 1 4 tolerant Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 weak 3 11 leaf from regrowth 10 totally touched leaf highly susceptible 1 4 Distinct yellow spots on most leaves but not many brown necrotic spots (Infection 10%) 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) higly susceptible 9 4 Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatFlatness Seed Coat Flatness No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 2 weak damages VirtualSeedGrade GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Virtual Seed Size Grade 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched No infection (100% plant stand) 1 Daphné Verdelet Area Under Progress Curve Of FCOVER Over Time FCOVERAUPC Institut Technique de la Betterave 1 Green Monogerm 1 5 Purple 2 A few spots in the plot (Infection 2%) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet HypSpd Hypocotyl Lengthening Speed (Hyp = 25 Mm) 3 resistant green 3 No plants left (Infection 100%) 9 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 GEVES Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatSpDiameter Seed Coat SpDiameter mm 6 Biomass Leaf Regrowth Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet REGRO 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) 8 overtopped with under half of max diameter bundle rings visible 5 3 low 0 Glabrous - hairs completely absent 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms Florimond Desprez Damping-off complex Daphné Verdelet DAMP red 7 1 Very weak Gen Ap 9 100 percent leaf yellowing Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 3 spotted Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 1 highly susceptible acronym Almost no infection (few plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) 2 Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave BEWGT Beet Weight 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) - 80% dead plants 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) non-swollen 7 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 6 All plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 40%) SBRAUDPC Institut Technique de la Betterave Sbr Audpc Daphné Verdelet 3 Twins 2 heterogeneous 3 several plants left (± 80% plant stand) - 20% dead plants Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Younger leaves wilting)(Infection 80%) 8 SPNBPLSYWHGR Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With White Grub Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 rosette stadium 1 susceptible 7 Monogerm and multigerm mixed 2 1 No infection (Infection 0%) 5 Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) medium 5 9 No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) - 95% dead plants 8 inflorescence half way up 5 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 5 Summer Number Of Plant With Eroded Intern Crown - Moth Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOCRMO Use unknown 7 SPNBPLSYSTNEM Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Stem Nematode Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 11 leaf from regrowth Seed Size Grade Daphné Verdelet SeedGrade GEVES/INRA 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 1 No infection 4 multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering 50 to 95% of root surface 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed (Old leaves starting wilting)(Infection 60%) 4 Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) very resistant 1 SPNBPLTOVOLE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Vole Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave White 1 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) 8 little 1 Intermediate infection (± 40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 6 Leaf and root veg. 3 2 Elliptic 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) Strong 7 2 nymphs present, no adults present Orange 3 3 intermediate 5 medium 5 Slight stunting, severe leaf curling; less than half of the upper leaf surface visible due to curling; most of the larger leaves still erect - Majority of plants with Score = 5 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) 4 4 strong stay green 5 Medium 11 - 13 cm 4 strong Gen Ap 4 Purple 5 4.5 - 7 cm 1 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 1 present partly monogerm /partly multigerm 2 2 7 - 9 cm 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched very resistant 1 2 2 - 4 cm Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 6 very resistant 1 intermediate 3 fibrous 8 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 wounded 2 Red 4 3 light green 4 wounded and bruised 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) Daphné Verdelet TWI M Tip Width Mean Florimond Desprez 1 No infection No plant with symptoms (Infection 0%) 1 Sugar extraction 5 2 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 9 present Most leaves moderately curling; more than half of the upper surface of the leaf visible - Majority of plants with Score = 4 4 9 very hard Very hairy 7 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) White 1 susceptible 2 3 4 - 6 cm 1 Monogerm Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 7 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves (>20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 3 Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) intermediate 5 3 Only a few plants show yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a few yellow plants (Infection 5%) weak 3 4 Spots on nearly all leaves (Infection 10%) 5 strong vigor weak 3 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 1 No infection (100% plant stand) Plants only have green leaves - Plot looks 100% green (Infection 0%) 1 9 irregular Distinct large brown necrotic sppots on most leaves + start coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 very homogeneous 5 Entire defoliation - caution : regrowth !!! (Infection 100%) 9 Immune 0 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) Mixed 4 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 intermdiate 5 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 1 absent 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 higly susceptible 9 2 2 or more colonies, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) - 50% dead plants 5 Most plants moderately yellowing (<10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 No wilting (Wilting 0%) 1 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 4 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) 0 healthy Yellow 2 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 a few plants still standing, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 8 1 Empty 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched Strong 7 3 Yellow 11 leaf from regrowth All plants have yellow leaves, none have green leaves _ Plot colour dominantly yellow (Infection 100%) 9 broad elliptic 4 starting to bolt 2 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 5 intermediate 5 Narrow oblong 3 intermediate medium 5 intermediate deficiency 3 Pink 9 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 8 Only the center few whorls of leaves green and alive - Majority of plants with Score = 8 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 9 Thick 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 1 Very weak stay green entity bolting 3 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 1 Leaf vegetable Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) 9 5 First coealescing spots on one or two (old) leaves (Infection 20%) 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched Severe infection: few plants surviving, others dead (± 80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) 8 Narrow elliptic 1 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched totally touched leaf 10 elliptic 2 attribute Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 5 intermediate 7 Old leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) All plants are covered with thick white mycellum (Infection 80%) 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 1 Total fresh matter yield of leaves Computation of Fresh Matter Yield of leaves None Observation of beet shape Phytoproducts damages scale Weight Productivity - Weight Of Beets Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Plot Productivity - White sugar yield White sugar White sugar yield calculated Yield Number of beets with topping class [1], [2], [5] or [6] relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Computation of Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Susceptibility Fungal disease - Polymyxa betae Polymyxa betae Susceptibility to root rot due to Polymyxa betae Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk length Measurement of length Leaf Stalk Broken beets Root Broken Percentage of beets not much broken Stem nematode symptoms Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms Number of plant Pests - Stem nematode Average of leaf position on a group of single plants Position Leaf position Leaf Pseudomonas aptata scale Empty space Empty space volume Volume Standard deviation of the volume of the empty space in the seed SPNBPLTOSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSLUG and SPNBPLSYSLUG Estimation of soil effect Observe the growth of plants per plot and rate the heterogeneity due to soil structure or soil depth Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal Weight of beets after soil removal for the entire plot Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESGAME and SPNBPLSYGAME SPNBPLTOGAME method Root gross yield Root Productivity - Root gross yield Gross yield Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Germination rate Seed Germination final rate SPNBPLDESCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by centipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Degree of male sterility Male fertility Male flower Sterility Measurement of Beet Top Diameter Diameter of single beet top Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Pink Beets Measurement of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when harvesting single plants Observation of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when In Soil Damange Evaluation of root damages visually Root Root damage Number of slugs on 0.25 sqm using traps - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Counting of Slugs Before Sowing The length of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Measurement of perisperm length Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh, measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Computation of the thicknesses of the seed coat mesh Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average width of broken apical part Measurement of Tip Width Mean SPNBPLSYFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Ring color Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Color Root ring Number of plants with sugar beet rust pustules - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Stem diameter Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Stem Diameter mm Measurement of Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Rotten parts of beets are cut and weighed together Root color below ground of a group of single plants Observation of below ground of a group Root Color Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESNOMO method Seed coat Standard deviation of the external surface area of the seed coat Area Seed coat area mm3 Total dry matter content of leaves Measurement of matter Matter Content Leaves stinged Pests - Beet leaf bug Number of plant Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug Computation of Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Number of beets with break diameter less or equal to 2 cm relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Erwinia Betavasculorum Susceptibility Bacterial disease - Erwinia Betavasculorum Susceptibility to root rot due to Erwinia Betavasculorum Estimation of Black Foliar Ratings Susceptibility to Black Foliar [Aphanomyces cochliodes]. Distribution Bract distribution Flower bract Importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Nitrogen content Leaf nitrogen quantity Quantity of nitrogen in leaves (in g/m²) Canopy AUPC of LAI Under progress curve area of LAI evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures Number of plants with cercospora leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (if no treatment - If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Measurement of soil humidity Humidity Soil Humidity Soil Number of bolting plants for thousand plants at 1500°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2500°Cd and 3000°Cd after sowing Counting of bolting plant Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule has only a single embryo and a perisperm without any malformation or defects. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the normal seed Counting of blate pits Number Blate pits Pests - Pegomyia betae h Betaine content mesured by HPLC on frozen brei sample Mesurement of Betaine content by HPLC Drought Stress scale Root Sugar content Quality index with invert sugar Sugar content in root Helicobasidium purpureum Fungal disease - Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility Susceptibility to violet root due to Helicobasidium purpureum Color of the inflorescence stem Observation of Stem Color Ratio Leaf blade Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade ratio Counting of hors Yellow Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Multigermicity scale Branched Root Branched beet Measurement of the importance of branched beet Ramularia beticola Susceptibility Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Fungal disease - Ramularia beticola Computation of Embryo Length Maximal length of the embryo extracted from the virtual embryo skeleton and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. A measure of how closely the shape of the perisperm resembles that of a perfect sphere Computation of the sphericity index of the perisperm Leaf Glossiness scale Pests - Root aphids Root aphids Susceptibility to root aphids Susceptibility Crane-fly symptoms Number of plant Pests - Crane-fly Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms Cercospora Beticola susceptibility scale Measurement of embryo length The length of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk width Measurement of width Leaf Stalk Observation of Rhizomania susceptibility Susceptibility to Rhizomania scored by the yellowing of the canopy; 0 is none and 9 is most yellowing. Measurement of seed spacing Mean spacing between seeds measured on a line of 10 seeds SPNBPLTOWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESWHGR and SPNBPLSYWHGR Measurement of glucose content of beet mush glucose of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Beet Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility Viral disease - Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus cm Computation of the roundness average by the ratio Length / Width 1/2 after max (measured in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - Higher the ratio is, less round the beet is. Computation of Beet Roundness Mean Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th notation Counting of Cercospora beticola Leaf LAI AUPC of leaf area index Leaf area index (LAI) evolution Area index Seed Germination time Time of the germination of the seed Germination time mm/h Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola Fungal disease - Cercospora Beticola Cercospora beticola Susceptibility Quantity of chlorophyll in canopy Chlorophyll quantity in leaf (in microgram/cm² of leaf) calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery Computation of Ground Cover Rate Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves around 15th of May, 25th of May and 06th of June - using a photography vertically taken Radicle Radicle lengthening speed Growth rate Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Dry matter predicted by a NIRS Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS SUMNBPLTOBLB method Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Summer Number of blate pits due to mangol fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOMF method Estimation of Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Weight of rotten beets parts relative to gross weight of beets Computation of rotten gross gravity m²/m² SPNBPLSYMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Evaluation of the average plant stay green Productivity - Plant stay green Greeness Plant Observation of foliar damages by phytoproducts Scoring of foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications % count unit Pygmy beetle symptoms Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms Number of plant Pests - Pygmy beetle Measurement of Content of betacyanin in the beet None Embryo Standard deviation of the shape factor of the embryo Shape Embryo Shape Computation of seed coat equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the seed coat Counting of Double Plant At Field Emergence Number of plants doubled at field emergence : if 2 plants are spaced less than 0.5 * normal distance between 2 seeds - counted at 200°Cd after sowing Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESPYBE and SPNBPLSYPYBE SPNBPLTOPYBE method Determination of the average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Glossiness Root Width Maximal diameter Beet width Estimation of Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Foliar surface touched by sugar beet rust evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Spring / Emergence Number of plant with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYGAME method Non Red beet number Non Red beet Number of beets by color not in root color trait Number Absent/Present beets touched by beet western - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBW method Computation of rotten net gravity Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Root Rot Susceptibility scale Number of blate pits due to mangod fly with indication of maggot presence or not per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of blate pits Root Class of the maximum diameter of single beet Beet diameter Diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the persiperm Perisperm equivalent diameter Perisperm Diameter SUMNBCOBLB method Summer Number of beet leaf bug on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Damage by powdery mildew Leaf Fungal disease - Powdery Mildew Damage by powdery mildew Violet Root Rot susceptibility scale Scale for Beet Position In Soil Percentage of normal seeds in a sample Normal seed Seed Normal Branched Beet scale Length Leaf blade length Leaf blade Leaf blade length on a group of single plants Pests - Black aphid Counting of black aphids Number Black aphids Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves - measured in laboratory Measurement of chlorophyll in leaves Countind of frozen beets Observe the plants per plot under frost condition and count the number of frozen beets µg/cm² leaf Cotyledon Cotyledon length Length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth Estimation of matter content predicted with FT-NIR Soluble dry matter content predicted with FT-NIR on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample Leaf stalk Leaf stalk length Length Leaf stalk length on a group of single plants Measurement of embryo shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Sugar Beet Rust Gravity scale Susceptibility to Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Estimation of Beet Yellowing Virus Individual seed mass Mass Seed mass Seed Observation of blistering Visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants (whole microplot) of the leaf blade Root Beet size as the ratio of max on min beet width Size Beet size Surface flatness measures how flat is the surface of seed coat Computation of seed coat flatness index SPNBPLSYPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves General growth type and/or use type Productivity - Plant target use Plant Use Root aphids susceptibility scale 1 Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature Hypocotyl Hypocotyl temperature Temperature Embryo width Embryo Standard deviation of the embryo width Width Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew Number of plants with powdery mildew spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Pests - Leaf hoppers Number of plant Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers Leaf hoppers Embryo Standard deviation of the volume of the embryo Embryo volume Volume Measurement of germination hour in Eloncam Hour of germination at 10°C in Eloncam Seed coat sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of seed coat sp diameter Measurement of Beet Diameter Maximum diameter of single beet Susceptibility to seedling disease due to soil-borne fungi (Aphanomyces cochlioides, R. solani, Pythium spp., Phoma betae) Damping-off complex Rust gravity evolution Fungal disease - Rust Rust Gravity Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR Flowering Time scale Estimation of juice purity from the 'Wieniger & Kubadinov' formula based on impurity (K, Na and Alpha-N) and sucrose contents Determination of juice purity Number Pests - Mangold fly Mangol flies Number of mangol flies on plants Visual inspection to observe if two embryo present in a single glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the bigerm seed High Temperatures Suceptibility scale Measurement of Branched Beet Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of branched beet - The higher the number is, the more forked the root is. Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the maximal diameter Measurement of Beet Width Max Sugar content (saccharin) of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Measurement of sugar content of beet mush Measurement of the presence of embryo Automatic detection of the presence of embryo. Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 2D X-Ray. Root Weight Productivity - Root gross weight Root gross weight Productivity - Rotten gravity Rotten root Proportion Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Estimation of dry matter yield Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content predicted by FT-NIR Measurement of petiole length among Length Maximum Mean maximum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Observation of the Flowering Start Date of the seed bearer flowering start Number of plant with centipede symptoms Pests - Centipede Number of plant Centipede symptoms Absent/Present beets having rhizopus symptoms - evaluated at the end of summer SPSRH method Petiole Petiole color Color of petiole Color Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Estimation of green pixels An Area Topped root Topped beet number Number Number of beets with topping class Mean Summer Number of plants touched by striped flea beetle - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOSFB method SUMNBPLTOLEMO method Summer Number of leaf tunnels due to moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Estimation of root aphids susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Aphids Leaf blade Width Leaf blade width on a group of single plants Leaf blade width Soil fungal disease Susceptibility Seedling disease Susceptibility to seedling disease Fungal disease - Verticillium Susceptibility Verticillium wilt Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Weight of beets after sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Measurement of weight Of Beets After Sorting Spring / Emergence Number of plant with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYNOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYWHGR method Seed quality Percentage of trigerm seeds in a seed sample Seed Trigerm Dry matter content Total dry matter content of leaves Leaf Dry matter content of leaves Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by aphanomyces black leg on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESBLLEG method Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Counting of Curly top Curly Top Blinkers Counting of blinkers Number Viral disease - Blinkers Quantity of nitrogen in canopy Quantity of nitrogen in canopy - predicted using a NIRS Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Orange Beets index Total number of bolting plants Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Seedling Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Seedling growth Growth AUDPC : Under curve area of SBR gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of SBR Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Washing Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Percentage of Sugar Content Sucrose content measured by polarimetry on Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Observation of Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Volume Standard deviation of the volume of the perisperm Perisperm Perisperm volume Standard deviation of the external surface area of the perisperm Area Perisperm Perisperm area Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Measurement of cotyledon final length Summer Number of plants with blates touched by spider mites - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLLESPMI method Counting of bolters First, second, third and fourth count of bolting plants for a whole plot Susceptibility Uromyces betae Susceptibility to rust due to Uromyces betae Fungal disease - Uromyces betae Leaf blade glossiness Average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Glossiness Leaf blade Plant population after sowing Plant Number of plants after sowing Number SPNBPLDESGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by game on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Scale for Presence Of Embryo Shape Root shape in longitudinal section Root shape Root Leaf Color scale Number of rotten beets on samples of 160 beets break down to percentage Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Top root Thickness Top beet thickness Height of top of the beet The length of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Measurement of seed coat length Susceptibility Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci Ditylenchus dipsaci Pests - Ditylenchus dipsaci Ploidy scale Counting the number of bigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of bigerm seeds Determination of the percentage of Bigerme In Seeds Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCENTI and SPNBPLSYCENTI SPNBPLTOCENTI method SPNBPLDESSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by stem nematode on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Susceptibility Pests - Root maggot Susceptibility to root maggot Root maggot Summer Number of mangol flies on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOMF method Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Early germination rate Germination rate Seed Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root neck Measurement of weight of Root Neck Computation of white sugar content in the root Percentage of white sugar in the root at plot scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESFLBE and SPNBPLSYFLBE SPNBPLTOFLBE method Observation of Type Of Root Damage Evaluation of root damages visually. Wounded referes to significant mass loss. Bruised referes to scratched surface, visible crack with no mass loss. Wounded and bruised are both Beet length Length Beet length between top and tail Root Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae Observation of Polymyxa betae susceptibility Measurement of petiole width among Width Minimum Mean minimum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Plant wilting Wilting Plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress Plant Mpa General growth type and/or use type. Observation of type Of Beet Susceptibility to Root Aphids Observation of Root Aphids susceptibility Measurement of petiole width among Width Maximum Mean maximum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Observation of violet root rot susceptibility Susceptibility to Violet Root [Helicobasidium purpureum] Determination of the average of leaf position on a group of single plants Observation of leaf position Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus susceptibility sclN SUMNBCONOMO method Summer Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end General appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Observation Plot Fungal disease - General scoring Stemphylium beticola Susceptibility Susceptibility to yellow leaf spot due to Stemphylium beticola Fungal disease - Stemphylium beticola Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by thrips - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOTHR method Fungal disease - Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Susceptibility to downy mildew due to Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Susceptibility Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Weight of beets before sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Evaluation of topping quality visually, 1 and 2 are undertopped, 3 and 4 are well topped and 5 and 6 are overtopped Topping Quality Beet Chlorosis Virus susceptibility scale Mutigermicity Germination Grain germination Seed Measurement of the embryo volume Volume of the embryo measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of sodium content of beet mush Root Sodium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Total Bolting plant count Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Number Bolting plant Pests - Wireworms Number Wireworms Counting of wireworms method_of Estimation of early vigor Observe the vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Computation of Hypocotyl Temperature Delta Computation of dry matter yield Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content measured by refractometer Susceptibility to Phoma betae Phoma betae Fungal disease - Phoma betae Susceptibility French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization /quantity of extractable sugar - Formula without Invert sugar (glucose) Computation of quality index without Invert Sugar Pests - White grub Number of plant with white grub symptoms White grub symptoms Number of plant Hypocotyl Color Hypocotyl pigmentation Hypocotyl color Quantity of nitrogen in leaves - measured in laboratory Measurement of nitrogen in leaves Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Bacterial disease - Pseudomonas aptata Susceptibility Pseudomonas aptata Measurement of gross weight Root gross weight / microplot in kg/ha Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by crane-fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESCF method Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Pink beet Non Pink beet number Loss of leaves due to water stress : reference measure based on an image to evaluate total foliar surface Loss of leaves (LAI) Loss Leaf Cold stress damage Cold stress damage Count the number of frozen beets Plant Width Petiole width Minimum petiole width among plants Petiole Measurement of embryo width The width of the embryo in millimeter (mm) The volume of the empty space in the seed measured in mm3 Measurement of the volume of the empty space in the seed Leaf chlorophyll quantity Canopy Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves Chlorophyll content Leaf Foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Phytoproducts damage Phytoproduct damage Ramularia beticola susceptibility scale Start time Bolting start time Beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Bolting Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of the crown - The higher the number is, the more the crown tare is. Measurement of French Top Mean Observe the Manganese Deficiency Estimation of manganese deficiency Degree of male sterility Degree of male sterility Foliar surface touched by ramularia leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Measurement of Smoothness Score Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root groove - The closer the number is to 9, the smoother the root is Sum of daily mean temperature minus the base threshold value (germination base temperature Tbgerm) which is necessary from sowing to reach fifty percent germination. Cumulative thermal time to reach 50% of germination mm² Root length Measurement of the average root length Length Root Fructose and glucose content in root Fructose and glucose content Free fructose and glucose onfresh matter Root Beet sugar yield Sugar yield Productivity - Beet sugar yield Root SPNBPLTOMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESMILL and SPNBPLSYMILL Root width Measurement of the average root width Width Root Damage by Ramularia Leaf Damage by Ramularia Fungal disease - Ramularia Determination of the average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Color Root Glucose content Glucose content in root Glucose content of beet mush Bolting plant Number Bolting plant count Count of bolting plants for a whole plot Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Counting of Stem Number Stem color Stem Color of the inflorescence stem Color Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Measurement of cotyledon surface area Seed Area Seed area External surface area of the hole seed measured Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root herself Measurement of weight of Root Root net weight Productivity - Root net weight Root Weight Bigerm seed Percentage of bigerm seeds in a seed sample Bigerm Seed Scale for Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Scale for Maximum Beet Diameter Class Susceptibility to Erysiphe - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Estimation of Susceptibility to Erysiphe Beet Mild Yellowing Virus susceptibility scale Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Observation of Leaf Regrowth Stem Color scale Tetanops myopaeformis susceptibility scale Leaf number Leaf Number of leaves Number Computation of Seedling Growth Base Temperature Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Measurement of radicle lengthening speed AUDPC : Under curve area of PM gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of PM Leaf Undulation scale Estimation of Sugar content of beet Sugar content of beet predicted by a NIRS Absent/Present beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot - evaluated at the end of summer SPSRCRR method Number of plants with ramularia leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot g/100g of fresh matter Percentage Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Bolting percentage Bolting plant Summer Number of spider mites on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOSPMI method SPTBYV method Absent/Present beets touched by beet yellow virus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPNBPLDESVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by vole on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Measurement of Beet Width Half Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the diameter located at the half of the root under the max diameter mEq/100g of fresh matter Seed size Size Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape Seed Plant life forme (ie life cycle) state : annual, biannual, perenial… Life form Plant life cycle state Plant Counting of hors Red Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Computation of Potassium and Sodium content Sum of Potassium and Sodium content in the root Length Seed coat Sphere Diameter Seed coat Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the seed coat Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature Cotyledon temperature Cotyledon Temperature SUMNBCOTHR method Summer Number of thrips on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Susceptibility to root maggot due to Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility Tetanops myopaeformis Pests - Tetanops myopaeformis Estimation of Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility Susceptibility to Sclerotium root rot Estimation of Fusarium Susceptibility Susceptibility to Fusarium - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation SUMNBCOSFB method Summer Number of striped flea beetle on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Growth of plants under heat condition and rate the tolerance Heat stress tolerance Plant HeatTol Heat stress tolerance Counting of Dead Plants Number of dead plants for a whole plot Mineral Deficiency scale Visual inspection to observe if the glomerulus is abnormal either by an embryonic malformation or by a perisperm defect . The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the abnormal seed Abnormal Seed Percentage of abnormal seeds in a sample Abnormal seed Observation of Leaf Undulation Determination of the average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Shape Standard deviation of the diameter of the embryo corresponds to the maximum extent in a given direction Embryo feret shape Embryo Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root length Measurement of Mean Root Length Evaluation of LAI Evaluation of LAI loss : 0 if no loss to -1 if 100% loss Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity scale Flesh color Color Main color of flesh Flesh Standard deviation of the flat surface of the seed coat Flatness Seed coat Seed coat flatness Seed Volume Total volume of the seed measured Seed volume unitless Hypocotyl Hypocotyl lengthening speed Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Growth rate Summer Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTONOMO method Pests - Millipede Number of plant with AB217 symptoms Millipede symptoms Number of plant Non Yellow beet Non Yellow beet number Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Thickness Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh Seed coat thickness Seed coat Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by top Measurement of weight Of Top Estimation of Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot due to Stemphylium beticola Leaf Height scale Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Observation of rings color Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of perisperm shape Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by white grub on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESWHGR method Observation of Cuticle Thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle (consult with IIRB) Aphanomyces Root Rot susceptibility scale Perisperm Shape Shape Perisperm Standard deviation of the shape factor of the perisperm Weight of a single beet without leaves Root Weight Productivity - Beet weight Number Noctuid moth caterpillars Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants Pests - Noctuid moth caterpillars Beet roundness Roundness Root Beet roundness Flowering time Plant Stages of seed bearer flowering Flowering time Estimation of drought stress susceptibility Score leaf wilting per plot under drought stress Measurement of seed coat shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Time of reach x% of germination Time to reach x% of the total number of seeds, x = 10 to 90 Spring / Emergence Number of plant with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYCENTI method Measurement of on early germination Rate Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Leaf Drought stress Drought stress susceptibility Leaf wilting under drought stress Pests - Thrips Number Thrips Number of thrips on plants Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors White Beets Class of the diameter of the root at the point of break in cm for single beet Classification of root by diameter SPSHS method Absent/Present beets having symptoms due to Heterodera Schachtii - confirmed by cysts on radicles - evaluated regularly on plants between start of july and end of september Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility Fungal disease - Macrophomina Phaseolina Root net yield calculated in t/ha Computation of root net yield SPNBPLSYSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves kg Importance Measurement of the importance of the crown Crown Crown importance Absent/Present Color Root Root color below ground of a group of single plants Root color AUDPC : Under curve area of RUST gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of RUST Maturity Seed maturity None Seed Stand homogeneity Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Plot Population Root net weight / microplot in kg/ha Measurement of net weight Determination of the plant height on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Height Calculated as: Σ (n T)/ Σ n, where n = number of seeds newly germinated at time T; T = hours from the beginning of the germination test, Σ n = final germination. Computation of Mean Germination Time Spring / Emergence Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYCF method Measurement of Technical Length Beet length between top and tail None Estimation of flesh coarness SPNBPLDESPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by pygmy beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Aphanomyces black leg symptoms Pests - Aphanomyces black leg Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms Number of plant Root Sodium content Root sodium content Sodium content in root Measurement of weight of leaves weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Embryo length Embryo Length Standard deviation of the embryo length SPNBPLTOCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCF and SPNBPLSYCF Germination rate Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Seed Germinating power Cluster fasciation Fasciation Inflorescence cluster Inflorescence cluster fasciation Estimation of magnesium deficiency Magnesium deficiency Leaf Magnesium deficiency SUMNBPLTOLEH method Summer Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Cover Green vegetation cover (FCOVER) evolution Green vegetation AUPC of green vegetation cover Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit Sugar content Root Invert sugar content in root Dry matter content in root Root Dry matter content Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Weight of beets before soil removal for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Number of crane-flies on 0.25 sqm using traps with bait - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Counting of Crane-fly Before Sowing Susceptibility Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Viral disease - Curly top virus Curly top Population Spring population Spring Plan population 400°Cd after sowing Count the number of double plants at field emergence Double plant Number Double plant number Petiole Minimum petiole length among plants Length Petiole length t/ha Number Spider mites Number of spider mites on plants Pests - Spider mites Average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Leaf blade Leaf blade color Color Seed Distance Seed spacing Measurement of seed spacing Blistering scale Individual seed mass Mesasurement of seed mass Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade width Measurement of width Leaf blade Estimation of Inflorescence cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster fasciation Empty seed Empty Seed Percentage of empty seeds in a sample Betacyanin content Betacyanin content in seed Seedling Betacyanin Content Seedling Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Measurement of Invert sugar content Downy Mildew Susceptibility scale Viral disease - Beet western Beets touched by beet western Root Beet western Weight of beets after washing for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Washing Observation of root maggot using de Lee Campbell Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility to root maggot using de Lee Campbell disease scoring scale Perisperm SpDiameter Perisperm Length Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the perisperm Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Estimation of Pseudomonas aptata susceptibility Root weight Weight Root Single beet weight constituted by top Flesh Coarness scale Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Percentage of bolters A measure of how closely the shape of the embryo resembles that of a perfect sphere Computation of the sphericity index of the embryo Measurement of Top Thickness Height of top of the beet Scale for Flowering Pattern between plants Computation of the rugosity index of the seed coat Surface characterization of the Seed Coat White sugar content White sugar content in the root Root White sugar content in root Root net yield calculated Net yield Productivity - Root net yield Root Sugar yield calculated in t/ha Computation of sugar yield SPNBPLSYSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Stem number Number Stem Chlorophyll content evolution Leaf AUPC Chlorophyll Chlorophyll content Computation of quality index with Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization / quantity of extractable sugar - Formula including Invert sugar (glucose) Date of the seed bearer flowering end Observation of the Flowering End Computation of feret shape value of the embryo Embryo shape characterisation index White sugar yield calculated in t/ha. Computation of white sugar yield Scoring the general appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Observation of general appearance of the plot Seed Bearer Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Number Rotten beet number Rotten root Number of rotten beets AUDPC of CLS AUDPC : Under curve area of CLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Number Non Orange beet Non Orange beet number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Estimation of Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola - 1st and 2nd notation Aphanomyces cochlioides susceptibility scale Measurement of seed coat width The width of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Leaf Betacyanin Pattern scale Root aphids susceptibility scale 2 Potassium content Root Potassium content in root Root potassium content Population Plot population Productivity - Plant productivity Plot Measurement of the empty seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule is empty and therefore does not contain an organ. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Embryo Sphere Diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the embryo Length Embryo Number of plant Pests - Noctuid moth Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth Perforated leaves Root Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia Beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot Rhizoctonia symptoms Count the number of dead plants for a whole plot Number Dead plant Dead plant number Standard deviation of the perisperm width Perisperm Persiperm width Width Phoma Betae Susceptibility scale Observation of Hypocotyl pigmentation Hypocotyl pigmentation Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity scale Susceptibility to Root Maggot Observation of Root Maggot susceptibility Esitimation of Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Measurement of seed Surface Area External surface area of the hole seed measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Bract Distribution Scale Hairiness Presence of hairiness of leaf surface Leaf Leaf hairiness Fusarium Susceptibility scale Measurement of perisperm sp diameter Perisperm sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Number of plant Game symptoms Pests - Game Number of plant with game symptoms Rhizoctonia solani Susceptibility to root rot due to Rhizoctonia solani Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia solani Susceptibility Pests - Vole Vole symptoms Number of plant with vole symptoms Number of plant Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing virus Susceptibility Susceptibility to beet mild yellowing Virus Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Root Beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Sclerotium rolfsii Susceptibility Susceptibility to root rot due to Sclerotium rolfsii Fungal disease - Sclerotium rolfsii Root Rot Erwinia scale Filling rate Seed Seed filling ratio The ratio of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed Leaf Position scale Observation of seed shattering None Rotten root Productivity - Rotten beet weight Weight Rotten beet weight Standard deviation of the seed coat width Seed coat width Seed coat Width Seed Germination time Germination time Grain germination time None Counting of leafs Measurement of the average width of broken apical part Root tip Width Tip width SPNBPLSYVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Regrowth Leaf Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Leaf regrowth Area Embryo Standard deviation of the external surface area of the embryo Embryo area Integral of the logistic curve using the population countings at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd Computation of field emergence quality Measurement of cotyledon temperature Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Free Fructose content of root measured on brei (g/100g Fresh matter) Measurement of free Fructose content Hypocotyl Color scale Absent/Present beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBMYV method Counting of wireworms Count of wireworms in a parcel Susceptibility to Rust (Uromyces betae) at plot level - 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th notation Estimation of Rust Susceptibility Leaf blade undulation Leaf blade Average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Undulation Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Computation to estimate seed size Measurement of the seed coat volume Volume of the seed coat measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Observation of Bract Distribution Description of the importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Betacyanin content Leaf Leaf betacyanin pattern Evaluation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Damping-off complex scale Susceptability to Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii) Estimation of Beet Cyst Heterodera Schachtii Estimation of Susceptibility to Phoma betae Susceptibility to Phoma betae variable_of Pests - Green aphid Counting of green apterous aphids Green apterous aphids Number Invert sugar content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Estimation of content predicted by FT-NIR Observation of Verticillium wilt susceptibility Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Embryo Presence Presence of embryo Automatic detection of the presence of embryo Determination of the percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds Counting the number of trigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of trigerm seeds Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESNOMO and SPNBPLSYNOMO SPNBPLTONOMO method Determination of the beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Observation of Bolting Start Volume of the perisperm measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of the perisperm volume Determination of ploidy level Plant ploidy level Ploidy Plant Computation of embryo equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the embryo Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESBLLEG and SPNBPLSYBLLEG SPNBPLTOBLLEG method Perisperm Standard deviation of the perisperm length Length Perisperm lenght Slug symptoms Number of plant Pests - Slugs Number of plant with slug symptoms AUPC of Chlorophyll Under progress curve area of Chlorophyll content evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures Evaluation of the average plant stay green Evaluation of the average plant stay green External surface area of the perisperm measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the perisperm Measurement of area of the embryo External surface area of the embryo measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Flowering pattern between plants Observation of flowering pattern between plants Plant Flowering end time Date of the seed bearer flowering end Flowering end time Free Glucose content of root measured on frozen brei sample (g/100g Fresh matter) by HPLC Measurement of free Glucose content by HPLC Classification of root by maximum diameter Class of the maximum diameter of single beet in cm Evaluation of total foliar surface Calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery (in m²/m²) Computation of field emergence quality Field emergence quality Emergence quality Plant Height Plant height on a group of single plants Leaf Leaf height Ratio Max Width / Width 1/2 after max (meausred in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - High = cylindric beet; Low = conical beet Computation of Beet Size Mean Powdery Mildew Gravity scale Leaf Estimation of manganese deficiency Manganese deficiency Manganese deficiency Damage by sugar beet rust Damage by sugar beet rust Fungal disease - Sugar beet rust Leaf Width Leaf stalk width on a group of single plants Leaf stalk width Leaf stalk Ratio Root Potassium and sodium content in the root Potassium and sodium content in root Potassium and sodium content Topping Quality Evaluation of topping quality visually Productivity - Topping quality Betaine content in root Betaine content by FT-NIR Root Betaine content Root Shape scale Root Maggot susceptibility scale Heterodera schachtii Susceptibility Susceptibility to beet cyst nematode due to Heterodera schachtii Pests - Heterodera Schachtii °Cdays Non Yellow-orange beet number Non Yellow-orange beet Number of beets by color not in root color trait Number Susceptibility to Rhizoctonia root rot Estimation of Rhizoctonia Solani Susceptibility Effect Soil Soil effect Heterogeneity of growth due to soil structure or soil depth Coarness Evaluation of flesh coarness Flesh coarness Flesh Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility scale Mean minimum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole length among Length Minimum Rhizoctonia Solani susceptibility scale Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Computation of Radicle Temperature Delta Seed Shattering scale The maximum thickness of all the measured points on the seed coat in millimeters (mm) Measurement of the maximum thicknes of the seed coat SPNBPLDESFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by striped flea beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Water potential threshold value under which germination does not occur Computation of Germination Base Water Potential Scale for Flowering Pattern within plants Type Of Beet scale Root Shape Beet shape Shape of the beet Green vegetation Cover Green vegetation cover Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Beet Shape scale Embryo equivalent diameter Diameter Embryo Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the embryo Plant Flowering start time Date of the seed bearer flowering start Flowering start time Fresh matter yield Total fresh matter yield of leaves Leaf Productivity - Leaf fresh matter yield Measurement of perisperm width The width of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Measurement of hypocotyl lengthening speed Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the seed coat Seed coat Diameter Seed coat equivalent diameter Soluble dry matter content measured on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample with a refractometer - In °Brix Measurement of dry Matter Content Leaf area index (LAI) LAI Leaf area index (LAI) evaluated by NIRS Area index Leaf Measurement of Stem Diameter Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Estimation of Yellows Virus Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non White beet Non White beet number Root Potassium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of potassium content of beet mush Seed shattering Shattering Seed None Observe the plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress at plot scale Observation of the plant wilting Susceptibility to Rhizomania Rhizomania Viral disease - Rhizomania Susceptibility Seed coat Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the seed coat Seed coat Shape Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility scale Seed coat lenght Seed coat Length Standard deviation of the seed coat length Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by millipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESMILL method Cotyledon Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth Cotyledon area Area Life form scale Counting of green apterous aphids Number of green apterous aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Spring / Emergence Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYBLLEG method Observation of flowering time Stages of seed bearer flowering Topping quality scale Root height Root Measurement of the average 'green above ground part' Height Observation of seed maturity None Scale for Seedling Betacyanin Content Charcoal Root Rot susceptibility scale Weight of a single beet without leaves Measurement of beet weight Root Alpha-amino nitrogen content Alpha-amino nitrogen content in root Root alpha-amino nitrogen content Beet Yellows Virus scale Under progress curve area of FCOVER evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of FCOVER Visual inspection to observe wether one, two or more glomerules are sticked together into one glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of mutigermicity End Use scale Susceptibility Beet Yellows Virus Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Viral disease - Beet yellows virus Embryo sp diameter measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of embryo sp diameter Counting Counting the number of plants in a plot Part of the root which exceeds the soil Beet position in soil Position Root Radicle length Radicle length 7 days after the seed germination Length Radicle Flowering pattern within plants Observation of flowering pattern within plants °C Counting of black aphids Number of black aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSTNEM and SPNBPLSYSTNEM SPNBPLTOSTNEM method Life form of the accession Observation of lifeform Mesure of germinating power Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample undefined None Measurement of radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C in Eloncam Measurement of radicle length Computation of germination Base Temperature Temperature threshold value under which germination does not occur Estimation of magnesium deficiency Observe the Magnesium Deficiency 1 + Alter, Magnesium Deficiency 2 + Alter Percentage of monogerm seeds Counting the number of monogerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of monogerm seeds Germity scale Petiole Color scale Measurement of seed volume Total volume of the seed measured in cubic millimeter (mm3) Score of Susceptibility to Rust Count of millipede in a parcel Counting of millipede guttulatus Free fructose content of root measured Root Fructose content Fructose content in root Vascular disease - Fusarium Susceptibility Fusarium Susceptibility to Fusarium Computation of perisperm equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the perisperm Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade length Measurement of lenght Leaf Blade Plant Vigor Vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Early vigor Foliar surface touched by powdery mildew evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Powdery Mildew Gravity Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average 'green above ground part' Measurement of top Height Mean Computation of Soil Tare Evaluation Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight - calculated on 5 samples of 100 beets Juice Juice purity Juice purity of a brei sample representative from the whole plot Purity Estimation of Black Aphanomyces Cochlioides Susceptibility to Black Root (Aphanomyces cochliodes). Presence Cercospora nests Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Fungal disease - Cercospora Susceptibility to root aphid scoring at harvest presence of aphid colonies on the outside of the beet root in combination with presence of wax using the Hutchinson and Campbell disease scoring scale Observation of Root Aphid susceptibility Observation of Hairiness of leaf surface Hairiness of leaf surface Counting of blinkers Number of blinkers at level plot due to sensitive plant to rhizomania Estimation of heat tolerance Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. Computation of Ratio Length / Width of leaf blade Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Proportion Productivity - Soil proportion in raw beet weight Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight Soil Ring Color scale Temperature Radicle Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature Radicle temperature Ditylenchus Dipsaci susceptibility scale Date Wilting scale Measurement of area of the seed coat External surface area of the seed coat measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Susceptibility to black root due to Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility Aphanomyces cochlioides Fungal disease - Aphanomyces cochlioides Scale for Stay green Computation of root gross yield Root gross yield calculated in t/ha Determination of ploidy Determination by flux cytometer of the level of ploidy Root Rhizopus symptoms Fungal disease - Rhizopus Beets having rhizopus symptoms Thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle Cuticle thickness Leaf cuticle ‰ Measurement of Final Rate Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Seed size measured using sieves Measurement of Size Grade Phemphigus betae susceptibility scale Standard deviation of the maximum thickness of the seed coat Seed coat Seed coat maximum thickness Thickness Determination of the percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Counting the number of genetic twins seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of twins Computation of seed's filling ratio Estimating the percentage of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed in % Susceptibility to root aphids Susceptibility Pests - Phemphigus betae Root aphids Counting the number of plantlets with green hypocotyl after germinating test of a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of green hypocotyl Determination of the percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Summer Number of moth on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOMO method Leaf Regrowth scale Number of plants / parcel counted at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd thermal time after sowing Counting of number of plant after sowing Root Measurement of the average root groove Smoothness Smoothness Standard deviation of the volume of the seed coat Seed coat Seed coat volume Volume Stemphylium beticola susceptibility scale Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Presence of Cercospora nests Seed coat Rugosity index Seed coat rugosity index Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the seed coat SPNBPLTOVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESVOLE and SPNBPLSYVOLE Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci - plot-basis score based on the number of root presenting symptoms (stunting, swelling and rotting) Estimation of Ditylenchus dipsaci susceptibility Male Sterility scale Number Number of bolting plants for thousand plants after sowing Bolting plant number Bolting plant Observation of Erwinia rot susceptibility Susceptibility to Erwinia Rot Early vigor scale None Observation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Scale for Type Of Root Damage Observation of Main color of flesh Observation of Main color of flesh AUDPC : Under curve area of RLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of RLS Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root width Measurement of Mean Root Width Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth Intern crown eroded Number of plant Pests - Moth Flesh Color scale Root Productivity - Root dry matter yield Dry matter yield Root dry matter yield estimated by FT-NIR SPNBPLDESSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by slug on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Erysiphe betae susceptibility scale Pests - Blaniulus guttulatus Number Millipede guttulatus Counting of millipede guttulatus Beet Cyst Nematode Susceptibility scale mg Measurement of alpha-amino nitrogen content of beet mush Root alpha-amino nitrogen content measured by Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot General scoring scale Computation of Free Fructose and Glucose Sum of Free Fructose and Glucose (g/100g Fresh matter) Sphericity index Perisperm sphericity index Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the perisperm Perisperm Root shape in longitudinal section Observation of Root Shape Fungal disease - Erysiphe betae Susceptibility Erysiphe Susceptibility to Erysiphe Root Color scale g/m² leaf Curly top virus susceptibility scale Sphericity index Embryo sphericity index Embryo Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the embryo Leaf Weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Leaf weight Weight Counting of hors Yellow-Orange Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Cuticle Thickness scale Susceptibility to Rhizomania - 1st, 2nd and 3rd notation Estimation of Rhizomania Rhizomania Estimation of Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity Foliar surface touched by cercospora leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Summer Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOCRMO method Leaf Ground coverage by plant leaves Ground coverage Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves Observation of Color of petiole Observation of Color of petiole Observation Leaf blade Blistering Observation of the leaf blade scale_of Pests - Striped flea beetle Number of striped flea beetle on plants Striped flea beetle Number Hairiness scale Measurement of Soil Humidity Humidity of soil in % Rhizomania Yellowing susceptibility scale Computation of leaf Area Index Leaf area index evaluated by NIRS Scale for Stand Homogeneity