TRIGE Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatRugosity Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Rugosity index GEVES/INRA PETWIDMIN GRIN Daphné Verdelet Petiole Width - Minimum GC Ground Cover Rate Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 10 totally touched leaf Seed Coat lenght 3d SeedCoatLength3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Spacing SEEDSP Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Blate Pits Due To Mangold Fly SUMNBPLTOMF Daphné Verdelet WISTA Florimond Desprez Width Leaf Stalk GRIN/Florimond Desprez Erwinia Rot Erwinia Rot – Erwinia Betavasculorum Daphné Verdelet Root Rot Erwinia ERW OCVV/International Data Base for Beta Beet Position In Soil Daphné Verdelet RPOSI Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Crane-Fly Symptoms SPNBPLSYCF Daphné Verdelet PHYTO Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Damage By Phytoproducts 1 No infection 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 More than 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) 7 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) EmbLength3d_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Lenght 3d EmptyVolume Empty Space Volume GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet 5 overtopped with under half of max diameter bundle rings visible First large brown necrotic spots, spots on one or two leaves (Infection 20%) 5 GEVES/INRA Seed Size Grade Daphné Verdelet SeedGrade EmbLength3d Embryo Lenght 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Sugar Yield Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez S/HA Daphné Verdelet MALESTER Male Sterility GRIN 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) SUMNBCOSPMI Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Spider Mites On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave ROGROGRAV Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Rotten Gross Gravity 6 - 8 cm 4 TECHLGT Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Technical Length Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGTPORO Weight Proportion Of Root a few plants still standing, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 8 GEVES/INRA Mean Seed Coat Thickness Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatThick Daphné Verdelet CFCOBSO Crane-Fly Counting Before Sowing Institut Technique de la Betterave 0 healthy No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 <0.1 not branched beet 0 medium 5 YORNM Number Of Yellow-Orange Beets Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Double Plant At Field Emergence DBFEMER Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 GRAVRLS Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Florimond Desprez Downy Mildew (DM) – Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae DM Daphné Verdelet Gross Weight/T Per Ha Daphné Verdelet GR/HA Florimond Desprez WGHLE Weight Of Leaves Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 7 > 90% past flowering 11 - 13 cm 4 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Multigermicity Multigerm seed absent 1 Embryo Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet EmbShapeVA3d GEVES Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets After Sorting WGHASO HeatTol_E Daphné Verdelet INRA High Temperatures Suceptibility Daphné Verdelet PeriEqDiameter_STD GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Perisperm Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet SugarBeet Root Aphid - Phemphigus betae Florimond Desprez SBRA 6 Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) Normal seed GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Normal seed GEVES PerispSpDiameter_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet heterogeneous 2 Millipede (Blaniulus guttulatus) Counting Daphné Verdelet MILLCO Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESFLBE Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Striped Flea Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave G Fructose + Glucose Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet % SUG International Data Base for Beta Leaf Number LeafNb Daphné Verdelet GRIN Daphné Verdelet Flesh Color FLESHCOLOR More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 5 Standard Deviation Perisperm Volume Daphné Verdelet PerispVol_STD GEVES Dry Matter Content NIR Daphné Verdelet DMNIR Florimond Desprez Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) 3 SPTBW Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Western EmbSpDiameter_STD Standard Deviation Embryo SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet GEVES Only a few green leaves - Plot looks dominantly yellow (>80% plants with symptoms)(Infection 80%) 8 Daphné Verdelet BIGER Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Bigerme In Seeds 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) - 35% dead plants SeedCoatRugosity_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Rugosity index GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet mM K LABK Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Lab - Potassium Content Of Beet Brei sample Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOSTNEM Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Stem Nematode Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Black Aphid Counting BACO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Maximum Beet Diameter BEDIAM GEPOW Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Germinating Power Daphné Verdelet Hypocotyl Temperature Delta DeltaTempHyp GEVES/INRA PINK Daphné Verdelet Number Of Pink Beets Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Petiole Width - Maximum PETWIDMAX GRIN Florimond Desprez RLEN Mean Root Length Daphné Verdelet 3 resistant Institut Technique de la Betterave Area Under Progress Curve Of LAI Over Time LAIAUPC Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOMF Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Mangold Flies On Plants 3 intermediate deficiency GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Mean Germination Time MGT Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta FLoweringStart Flowering Start Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Thrips Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOTHR 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 7 First leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHBSO Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 Standard Deviation Perisperm Surface Area GEVES Daphné Verdelet PerispSurfArea_STD Maximum Green Vegetation Cover Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet FCOVERmax Daphné Verdelet Nb Of Bolters/Nb Of Beets BOLT/ Florimond Desprez 8 Severe infection: few plants surviving, others dead (± 80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) Immune 0 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave NILAI Nirs Leaf Area Index SPNBPLSYSTNEM Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Stem Nematode Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Top Height Mean THE M Florimond Desprez intermediate 5 narrow oblong Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity GRAVCLS Daphné Verdelet General Scoring Florimond Desprez GEN. Institut Technique de la Betterave Maximum Beet Diameter Class Daphné Verdelet CLBEDIAM Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYPYBE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms 7 red purple Daphné Verdelet Phoma Betae Florimond Desprez PHOMA weak deficiency 4 narrow ellipic 1 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Noctuid Moth SPNBPLDESNOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Petiole Length - Maximum PETLENMAX GRIN Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Daphné Verdelet WGHBSR Institut Technique de la Betterave 5 Slight stunting, severe leaf curling; less than half of the upper leaf surface visible due to curling; most of the larger leaves still erect - Majority of plants with Score = 5 Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Daphné Verdelet FELESBR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Institut Technique de la Betterave FEROBE Stem Number StemNb Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 Bigerm seed GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Bigerm seed Daphné Verdelet Smoothness Score Mean Florimond Desprez SMO M 2 weak Gen Ap GEVES Standard Deviation Embryo Volume EmbVol_STD Daphné Verdelet FELERLS Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet RWIDT Florimond Desprez Mean Root Width Length Leaf Stalk Florimond Desprez L STA Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Striped Flea Beetle On Plants SUMNBCOSFB Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 3 resistant 2 Spots on one or two leaves (around 25-50 spots)(Infection 2%) Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Aphanomyces Black Leg Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESBLLEG CotylSrf Cotyledon Surface Area (At 110°Cd) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Lab- Sugar Content Of Beets Mush LABSC Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Embryo Sphericity index GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbSphericity Daphné Verdelet GEVES RadLg Radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C intermediate 5 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 Entire defoliation - caution : regrowth !!! (Infection 100%) 9 Narrow oblong 5 Daphné Verdelet Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) - Ramularia beticola Florimond Desprez RLS high 7 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatFlatness Seed Coat Flatness EmbPres Daphné Verdelet Presence Of Embryo GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Damping-off complex DAMP Florimond Desprez Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESMILL Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Millipede Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 W & K Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Juice Purity W&K Florimond Desprez intermediate 5 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) Immune 0 EmbWidth3d_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Width 3d BractDistrib Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Bract Distribution GEVES Perisperm SpDiameter mm PerispSpDiameter Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave REFLAImax Daphné Verdelet Maximum Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image 5 highly tolerant 4 tolerant Florimond Desprez Rust – Uromyces Betae RUST Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave TODIAM Beet Top Diameter Daphné Verdelet Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 4 Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Yield Daphné Verdelet DM/HA Daphné Verdelet BOLC Bolters Counting Florimond Desprez GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Temperature Sum To Reach 50% Germination SumTemp50pctGerm BeetShape Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Beet Shape 1 very resistant 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken NMBREBE Daphné Verdelet PerispShapeVA3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Shape VA3d GEVES Hypocotyl Lengthening Speed (Hyp = 25 Mm) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet HypSpd First coealescing spots on one or two (old) leaves (Infection 20%) 5 0 absent very resistant 1 3 Orange 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 1 No infection (100% plant stand) 9 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) EARLY Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Early Vigor Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) 6 6 Stunting, slight yellowing; most leaves becoming prostrate - Majority of plants with Score = 6 G Glucose Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez %GLUC GEVES SeedCoatSpDiameter_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Leaf Color L COL Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Equivalent Diameter EmbEqDiameter_STD GEVES/INRA All plants are covered with grey powdery mycellum (Infection 100%) 9 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Sm/Pol SMPOL 9 No plant left (0% plant stand) StemColor Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Stem Color 9 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Slug Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOSLUG Institut Technique de la Betterave 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) PeriEqDiameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Seed Shattering SeedShattering TTFCOVER Daphné Verdelet Thermal time after emergence to reach X% of Green Vegetation Cover Institut Technique de la Betterave Very strong Gen Ap 5 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 Soil Tare Evaluation = %TARE SOITARE Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet White Sugar Yield W&K Florimond Desprez WSY Daphné Verdelet Cotyledon Final Length (At 110°Cd) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet CotylFnlLg 5 Medium SUMNBPLTOLEH Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Leaf Hoppers Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 GRIN Cluster Fasciation Daphné Verdelet CLUSTERFAS Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Vole SPNBPLDESVOLE 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 1 very little Percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds TWIN Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez SeedCoatSpDiameter Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat SpDiameter mm GEVES Florimond Desprez Gross Weight/Plot GR/PL Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet PSEU Florimond Desprez Pseudomonas aptata Non-swollen 7 Daphné Verdelet Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina - Foliar Ratings Florimond Desprez CRRF Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Volume SeedCoatVol GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHASR Green Apterous Aphid Counting Daphné Verdelet GACO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta FlorweringTime Flowering Time 3 Hairs very parse Florimond Desprez Number Of White Beets WHITE Daphné Verdelet one colony, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each 1 Florimond Desprez ORANG Daphné Verdelet Number Of Orange Beets Red 4 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOGAME Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Game Symptoms no aphid colonies nor wax present 0 Daphné Verdelet BWIDH Florimond Desprez Beet Width Half non damaged 1 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet PeriWidth3d Persiperm Width 3d 4.5 - 7 cm 1 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Game Symptoms SPNBPLSYGAME Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) Florimond Desprez Number Of Yellow Beets Daphné Verdelet YELNB Mg Florimond Desprez Magnesium Deficiency Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet PerispSurfArea Perisperm Surface Area GEVES/INRA weak 3 Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Empty Space Volume GEVES/INRA EmptyVolume_STD 1 White 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched SeedCoatLength3d_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat lenght 3d No infection (Infection 0%) 1 resistant 3 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 9 100 percent leaf yellowing 8 Remaining leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Infection 80%) Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 Daphné Verdelet FLWRPATW Flowering Pattern – Within plants GRIN 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Crane-Fly Symptoms SPNBPLTOCF Institut Technique de la Betterave 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched DMNHA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Yield NIR Leaf Glossiness Daphné Verdelet L GLO Florimond Desprez Leaf Betacyanin Pattern LeafBcyanin Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Yellow 2 circular 3 HGerm Hour of germination at 10°C Daphné Verdelet GEVES Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPSHS Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Due To Heterodera Schachtii 4 Yellow orange Fusarium Fusarium Yellows – Fusarium Oxysporum & Secorum FUSA GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 7 Strong SeedCoatVol_STD GEVES Standard Deviation Seed Coat Volume Daphné Verdelet GRIN Daphné Verdelet Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae. PolymyxaBetae Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SBRAUDPC Sbr Audpc Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 Florimond Desprez Soil Effect Daphné Verdelet SOIL 4 Distinct yellow spots on most leaves but not many brown necrotic spots (Infection 10%) Strong 7 red 6 Yellow Leaf Spot (YLS) – Stemphylium beticola Daphné Verdelet YLS Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Centipede SPNBPLDESCENTI Florimond Desprez Width Leaf Blade WIBLA Daphné Verdelet Powdery Mildew (PM) – Erysiphe betae PM Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) SugarBeet Root Maggot - Tetanops myopaeformis Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez SBRM Beet Size Mean Florimond Desprez BSI M Daphné Verdelet 5 hairy EmbShapeVA3d_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES RLSAUDPC Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) Audpc Root vegetable 2 BLIST Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Blistering 3 Yellow Seedling Growth Base Temperature GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Tb Seedling 5 red vein Stand Homogeneity STAND Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez SeedVol GEVES/INRA Seed Volume Daphné Verdelet pink 5 9 All older and younger leaves wilting or dead (Infection 100%) Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) 8 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Millipede Symptoms SPNBPLTOMILL Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Millipede Symptoms SPNBPLSYMILL Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 1 No infection (100% plant stand) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet CLDIAMBRE Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGTPOTO Weight Proportion Of Top GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet PeriSphericity_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm Sphericity index Bolting Number Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave BOLN GEVES/INRA Embryo Volume Daphné Verdelet EmbVol Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 3 SUMNBCOMO Summer Number Of Moth On Plants Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Perisperm Lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet PeriLength3d_STD 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 Florimond Desprez TWI M Tip Width Mean Daphné Verdelet 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) Daphné Verdelet Leaf Height Florimond Desprez LHEIG Root Flesh Coarness FleshCoarness Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Lab - Amino Nitrogen Content Of Beet Mush Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez LABAN mM N medium 5 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 Twins 3 %IS K Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Invert Sugar Kit Daphné Verdelet 3 tender very strong damages - the whole plot is burned 5 Daphné Verdelet Lab - Nitrogen Quantity In Leaf Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez LANILE Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHROBE Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Daphné Verdelet Plants only have green leaves - Plot looks 100% green (Infection 0%) 1 0 absent GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Mass SeedMass leaf from regrowth 11 Leaf Hairiness GRIN LEAFHAIR Daphné Verdelet Branched Beet Florimond Desprez BRANC Daphné Verdelet 9 present 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) FELECLS Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot strong Gen Ap 4 1 untopped with petioles longer than 2 cm SOIHUM Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Soil Humidity Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Maximum Thickness SeedCoatMaxThickness GEVES/INRA 2 green / light green CRR Daphné Verdelet Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina Florimond Desprez SUMNBPLLESPMI Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Plants With Blate Touched By Spider Mite 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 6 Distinct large brown necrotic sppots on most leaves + start coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) Daphné Verdelet EmbSphericity_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Sphericity index GEVES/INRA 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Powdery Mildew Gravity GRAVPM strong vigor 4 SPNBPLSYCENTI Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Centipede Symptoms 1 some present on the lower part Ploidy Daphné Verdelet PLOI GRIN Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Of Rhizoctonia Crown And Root Rot SPSRCRR DeltaTempCot GEVES/INRA Cotyledon Temperature Delta Daphné Verdelet K + Na Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet KNa ROOTMAGGOT Root Maggot GRIN Daphné Verdelet Embryo Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA EmbEqDiameter Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatShapeVA3d_STD GEVES Standard Deviation Seed Coat Shape VA3d Aphanomyces cochlioides - Foliar Ratings Daphné Verdelet ARF Florimond Desprez SeedCoatWidth3d_STD GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Seed Coat Width 3d Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Nirs - Chlorophyll Quantity In Plot NICHLOROPPL Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Blinkers BLINK Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) - Cercospora Beticola GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet CLS 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing (>5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) intermediate stay green 3 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 4 nymphs present, mant adults present REFLAI Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Mangod Fly (Pegomyia betae) Blate Pits And Maggot Counting Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet MFCO 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 4 tolerant 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed (Old leaves starting wilting)(Infection 60%) Area Under Progress Curve Of Chlorophyll Over Time CABAUPC Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) Audpc Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet CLSAUDPC 11 leaf from regrowth Institut Technique de la Betterave SPRPOP Spring Population Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYVOLE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Vole Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) 5 Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet LACHLOROLE Lab - Chlorophyll Quantity In Leaf = CHLO1 3 intermediate vigor 0 no leaf yellowing 1 No infection (100% plant stand) Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 susceptible 7 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez L UND Leaf Undulation Daphné Verdelet Top Thickness TOTHI Institut Technique de la Betterave Beet Weight Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave BEWGT Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 % S Percentage Of Sugar Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 5 Yellow Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WIWOCO Wireworms counting Early germination rate GEVES EGermRt Daphné Verdelet Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 Beet Cyst Nematode GRIN/Florimond Desprez Heterodera Schachtii Daphné Verdelet BCN Beet Cyst Nematode (Bcn) – Heterodera Schachtii LIFEFORM GRIN Life form (ie life cycle) Daphné Verdelet 1 Monogerm G Fructose Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez %FRUC Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 FELEPM Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew 3 2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface]]> No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 1 Monogerm No plants left (Infection 100%) 9 Florimond Desprez Rust AUDPC RUSTAUDPC Daphné Verdelet Embryo SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet GEVES EmbSpDiameter 3 several plants left (± 80% plant stand) - 20% dead plants Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds HYPGR Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Centipede Symptoms SPNBPLTOCENTI entire red 9 2 or more colonies, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface 2 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Game Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESGAME weak 3 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 Root Aphids GRIN Daphné Verdelet ROOTAPHIDS 9 higly susceptible 3 Leaf and root veg. 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Embryo Feret Shape 3d EmbFeretShape3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Beet Yellows Virus BYV Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Beet Width Max BWIDM Florimond Desprez 7 Strong Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 Distincts spots on most leaves but not coalescing (Infection 10%) 4 Flowering Pattern – Between plants FLWRPATB GRIN Daphné Verdelet RadSpd Radicle Lengthening Speed (Root = 20 Mm) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Sugar Beet Rust Gravity GRAVSBR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Surface Area SeedCoatSurfArea 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) - 65% dead plants 3 Red White 1 present 1 1 very resistant EmbLength Embryo Length GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPTBMYV Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Mild Yellowing Luteovirus Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) 4 1 No damages Narrow elliptic 1 1 little higly susceptible 9 GRIN/Florimond Desprez Aphanomyces Root Rot (Arr) – Aphanomyces Cochlioides Daphné Verdelet ARR Black Root – Aphanomyces Cochlioides 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 1 white Daphné Verdelet Betaine HPLC Florimond Desprez BETAH Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Persiperm Width 3d GEVES/INRA PeriWidth3d_STD Florimond Desprez Net Weight/Plot KG/PL Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Germination Final Rate Daphné Verdelet GermFnlRt 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) - 95% dead plants medium 5 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 1 Very weak Gen Ap Daphné Verdelet Leaf Dry Matter Content International Data Base for Beta LeafDryMat 5 intermediate Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOVOLE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Vole Symptoms 5 moderate Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Field Emergence Quality FIEMERQUAL Multigerm (2-4) 3 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Volume PerispVol 7 Large number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>60% plants with symptoms)(Infection 60%) Daphné Verdelet REFLAIloss Institut Technique de la Betterave Loss of leaves due to Water stress Number Daphné Verdelet NUMB. Florimond Desprez No infection 1 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet TOPQUAL Topping Quality A single plant shows yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a single yellow plant (Infection 2%) 2 2 strong deficiency Beet Chlorosis Virus BChV Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 3 Orange GEVES/INRA Empty seed Daphné Verdelet Empty seed GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatEqDiameter Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter 4 orange VERT Daphné Verdelet Verticillium Florimond Desprez 3 Several plants with infection (± 5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) 4 Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) No infection 1 Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Surface Area GEVES EmbSurfArea_STD 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) Daphné Verdelet Sclerotium rolfsii Florimond Desprez SCLE 9 prostrate 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet REGRO Leaf Regrowth 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 No Symptoms - Majority of plants with Score = 1 Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESCF Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Crane-Fly International Data Base for Beta SeedMaturity Daphné Verdelet Seed Maturity Seed Coat Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES SeedCoatShapeVA3d 0 healthy 1 Very weak vigor SPNBPLDESWHGR Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By White Grub Daphné Verdelet Root Color Florimond Desprez R COL Daphné Verdelet strong vigor 5 PeriLength3d Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Lenght 3d GEVES/INRA T/HA Daphné Verdelet Net Weight/Ha Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SPTBYV Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Yellow Virus 8 A few plants still standinf, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYBLLEG resistant 3 Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOFLBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms highly susceptible 1 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOBLB Summer Number Of Beet Leaf Bug On Plants Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (> 100 pots and rust spores starting to develop)(Infection 10%) Weak 3 Seed Filling Ratio Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA FillingRatio EmbFeretShape3d GEVES/INRA Embryo Feret Shape 3d Daphné Verdelet susceptible 7 Daphné Verdelet Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Florimond Desprez BMYV 6 narrow obtriangular Daphné Verdelet Rhizomania BNYVV Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus (BNYVV) Florimond Desprez 3 A few yellow spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) SPNBPLTOBLLEG Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Beet Leaf Bug Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOBLB 5 medium 0 Glabrous - hairs completely absent 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 7 Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta SeedlingBcyanin Seedling Betacyanin Content elliptic 2 Weight Proportion Of Root Neck Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGTPORN Green Vegetation Cover Over An Area Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave FCOVER Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYFLBE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Noctuid Moth Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTONOMO Tx% Time To Reach X% Of Germination GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet One embryo 2 GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Leaf Position LPOSI BETAN Daphné Verdelet Betaine NIR Florimond Desprez GRIN CUTICLE Daphné Verdelet Cuticle Thickness All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) 9 Sugar extraction 5 Daphné Verdelet FROST Florimond Desprez Frozen Beets 3 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 5 Purple 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched Institut Technique de la Betterave Type Of Root Damage Daphné Verdelet BEDAMA GRIN ENDUSE End Use Daphné Verdelet highly tolerant 5 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Noctuid Moth Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYNOMO 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched SeedCoatSurfArea_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Surface Area Daphné Verdelet GEVES Weight Of Beets Before Washing WGHBWA Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave RRR GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Rhizoctonia Root Rot (RRR) – Rhizoctonia Solani Very heterogeneous 1 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (around 75-100 spots)(Infection 5%) 1 very resistant Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Leaf blade : Ratio Length / Width LE/WI SUMNBPLTOLEMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Leaf Tunnels Due To Moth GRIN PETIOLECOL Daphné Verdelet Petiole Color %IS V Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Invert Sugar Venema Florimond Desprez RED Florimond Desprez Number Of Red Beets Daphné Verdelet susceptible 7 Florimond Desprez % WS Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of White Sugar Perisperm Shape VA3d PerispShapeVA3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering 50 to 95% of root surface 4 GRIN/Florimond Desprez Hypocotyl Color HYPOCOTYL Daphné Verdelet Nest Of Cercospora Daphné Verdelet NEST Florimond Desprez Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plant With Eroded Intern Crown - Moth SUMNBPLTOCRMO POP Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Number of Plant / Parcel 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) Strong 7 Florimond Desprez Beet Roundness Mean Daphné Verdelet RND M Daphné Verdelet PETLENMIN Petiole Length - Minimum GRIN Thick 9 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) NIBDM Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Nirs - Dry Matter Of Beets Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Slug SPNBPLDESSLUG Daphné Verdelet Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 4 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) All plants severly damaged, no plants green (Infection 100%) 9 4 Mixed Summer Number Of Plant With Perforated Leaves Due To Noctuid Moth Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTONOMO Tb Germ Germination Base Temperature GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOSFB Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Striped Flea Beetle 5 Purple weak vigor 2 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 1 Very strong deficiency Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) 7 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 5 Most of the plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 20%) Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 1 Fertile Seed Coat Width 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatWidth3d Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta FloweringEnd Flowering End PeriSphericity Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Sphericity index GEVES/INRA LABGLC Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Lab - Glucose Content Of Beet Mush 3 nymphs present, few adults present 3 Only a few plants show yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a few yellow plants (Infection 5%) 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYSLUG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Slug Symptoms 7 semi-prostrate susceptible 2 L BLA Daphné Verdelet Length Leaf Blade Florimond Desprez 10 totally touched leaf undertopped with petioles shorter than or equal to 2 cm 2 Determinate 1 Florimond Desprez French Top Mean Daphné Verdelet FRT M GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatMaxThickness_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Maximum Thickness Daphné Verdelet Beet Stem Nematode – Ditylenchus Dipsaci Florimond Desprez BSN susceptible 7 7 Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 3 intermediate 3 Slight leaf curl of the edge of new leaves; pimpling on the veins of the underside of the leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 3 5 Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) 1 High : branched beet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet VirtualSeedGrade Virtual Seed Size Grade 2 nymphs present, no adults present Florimond Desprez Stay Green GREEN Daphné Verdelet very tender 1 5 Medium 5 Orange Curly Top GRIN/Florimond Desprez CTOP Curly Top Virus Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatEqDiameter_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOWHGR Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With White Grub Symptoms healthy 0 7 hard 9 higly susceptible < 10% flower 4 5 multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering >95% of root surface Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) 3 Radicle Final Length (At 110°Cd) GEVES/INRA RadFnlLg Daphné Verdelet Semi-fertile, more or less dehiscent anthers 2 Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Area Under Progress Curve Of FCOVER Over Time FCOVERAUPC 7 Very hairy 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 7 All plants are covered with light white mycellum (Infection 60%) undertopped with no petioles 3 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Slugs Counting Before Sowing SLCOBSO Type Of Beet GRIN TYPE Daphné Verdelet Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 2 6 Narrow triangular 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 3 resistant Nirs - Nitrogen Quantity In Plot Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave NINIPL Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez DROU Drought Stress 3 intermediate Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Noctuid Moth Caterpillars On Plants SUMNBCONOMO 2 susceptible bruised 3 Weight Of Beets After Washing Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGHAWA Daphné Verdelet DEADP Florimond Desprez Dead Plants 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 4 strong damages 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPSRH Absent/Present Beets Having Rhizopus Symptoms SUMNBCOTHR Summer Number Of Thrips On Plants Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave very resistant 1 Manganese Deficiency Daphné Verdelet MAGNE Florimond Desprez 2 A few spots in the plot (Infection 2%) BolStart Bolting Start Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta 1 No infection White to yellow 2 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) Daphné Verdelet RINGCOLOR Ring Color GRIN low 3 PM Audpc Daphné Verdelet PMAUDPC Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) Daphné Verdelet Seed Surface Area SeedSurfArea GEVES/INRA 3 Completely male sterile, black or brown anthers 4 - 6 cm 3 Vein clearing of heart leaves, slight pimpling of veins on the underside of leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 2 2 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 5 > 8 cm 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 7 red 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) Daphné Verdelet Germity Florimond Desprez GERM 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 weak damages 2 leaf from regrowth 11 Spots on nearly all leaves (Infection 10%) 4 Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Leaf Fresh Matter Yield LeafFreshMat ROOTSHAPE GRIN/Florimond Desprez Root Shape Daphné Verdelet 6 > 15 cm 9 bracts to the top 9 Plant dead - Majority of plants with Score = 9 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) 2 Stem Diameter Daphné Verdelet StemDiam International Data Base for Beta susceptible 7 Molasse Sugar (F) / % Sugar Daphné Verdelet SM/POL-IS Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Root Aphids [1-4] ROOTAPHID GRIN Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet TOT. Bolters Total Number Daphné Verdelet Embryo Width 3d EmbWidth3d GEVES/INRA No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 Abnormal seed GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Abnormal seed 6 50-100% flower No wilting (Wilting 0%) 1 5 intermdiate 1 No plant with symptoms (Infection 0%) Entire defoliation (caution : regrowth !!!) (Infection 100%) 9 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 2 - 4 cm 2 9 Pink Intermediate infection (± 40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 6 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 Only the center few whorls of leaves green and alive - Majority of plants with Score = 8 8 Indeterminate 2 SPNBPLDESPYBE Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Pygmy Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) 4 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) - 80% dead plants No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 5 fully bolting < 10% flowering, 10-50% flower strong stay green 5 3 weak 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched acronym 1 rosette stadium 3 green GRIN Daphné Verdelet Rhizomania Yellowing RhizoYellow Some plants with totally yellow leaves (>20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 5 9 No plant left (± 0% plant stand) - 100% dead plants 8 Fibrous erect 1 10 totally touched leaf 1 No infection (100% plant stand) Leaf vegetable 1 6 angled topped Fodder_beet ontology Sugar_beet ontology weak stay green 2 Embryo Surface Area GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbSurfArea very homogeneous 5 All plants have yellow leaves, none have green leaves _ Plot colour dominantly yellow (Infection 100%) 9 Green 1 All plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 40%) 6 entity 5 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 0 Immune 2 Pink 3 light green White 1 4 homogeneous MITOPBE Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets 5 inflorescence half way up very hard 9 intermediate 5 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 Asynchronous 2 No wilting (Wilting 0%) 1 Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms SPNBPLTOPYBE Daphné Verdelet bolting 3 Multigerm 3 8 The 3, 4 remaing leaves with 50% decayed; other dead (Infection 80%) 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 2 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 2 Single plants with slight yellowing (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) DeltaTempRad Radicle Temperature Delta GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet 0 Immune NIBSC Nirs - Sugar Content Of Beets Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet PSI b Germ GEVES/INRA Germination Base Water Potential wounded 2 Florimond Desprez Violet Root Rot (VRR) – Helicobasidium Purpureum Daphné Verdelet VRR Several plants show spots on leaves (Infection 5%) 3 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 3 spotted SeedCoatFlatness_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Flatness GEVES/INRA correctly topped 4 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 fibrous 8 Very weak stay green 1 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) 9 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) Light pink 8 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 1 No symptom (Infection 0%) 2 7 - 9 cm intermediate 5 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched No infection 1 intermediate 5 1 Synchronous semi-erect 3 2 almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) - 10% dead plants 9 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) % DM Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Content Daphné Verdelet 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched intermediate damages 3 6 Increasing number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>40% plants with symptoms)(Infection 40%) 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 3 intermediate Almost no infection (few plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) 2 Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With White Grub Symptoms SPNBPLSYWHGR Institut Technique de la Betterave partly monogerm /partly multigerm 2 First coalescing spots on one or twi leaves (Infection 20%) 5 LABNA Lab - Sodium Content Of Beet Mush mM Na Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 1 Empty Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) 7 leaf from regrowth 11 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESSTNEM Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Stem Nematode 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) resistant 3 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 4 Slight infection - Plot still looks green as dominant colour (>10% plants with clear yellow symptoms) (Infection 10%) Rotten Net Gravity Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet RONETGRAV 2 Yellow spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) 5 intermediate Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 8 Many plants with yellowing, only few plants green (>80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 Use unknown 7 4 Most plants moderately yellowing (<10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) 2 Spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) susceptible 7 2 Elliptic 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet Wilting WHIL Florimond Desprez 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 7 Old leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) 3 intermediate Gen Ap 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 0 Immune Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 6 highly susceptible 1 Other (specify) 8 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 9 very much 5 13 - 15 cm yellow / light green 2 higly susceptible 9 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched Thin 0 No deficiency 5 wounded and bruised 4 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) 2 0 healthy 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) - 50% dead plants Slight to intermediate infection (± 20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 5 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 8 All plants are covered with thick white mycellum (Infection 80%) 9 - 11 cm 3 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Younger leaves wilting)(Infection 80%) 8 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) no nymphs or adults present 1 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 4 Red Intermediate number of yellowing plants - Plot looks slightly yellow (>20% plants with symptoms)(Infection 20%) 5 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 9 higly susceptible 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 0 - 2 cm 1 5 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 1 very resistant totally touched leaf 10 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 strong stay green 4 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 non-swollen 7 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 6 Biomass 9 irregular yellow 3 4 Fodder 4 broad elliptic Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 Most leaves moderately curling; more than half of the upper surface of the leaf visible - Majority of plants with Score = 4 4 6 Candy Striped, alternating red and green streaks on bolted flower stalks and larger lateral branches. Circular 3 Broad elliptic 4 4 Highly multigerm (>5) 1 absent 4 Slight infection (± 10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) 2 starting to bolt Monogerm and multigerm mixed 2 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 5 No infection 1 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 3 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 dark 7 attribute Yellow 2 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 7 Severe stunting, yellowing; leaves prostate and some leaves dead - Majority of plants with Score = 7 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched Embryo feret shape Standard deviation of the diameter of the embryo corresponds to the maximum extent in a given direction Shape Embryo Root net weight / microplot in kg/ha Measurement of net weight Quantity of chlorophyll in canopy Chlorophyll quantity in leaf (in microgram/cm² of leaf) calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Dry matter predicted by a NIRS Non Red beet Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Red beet number Diameter Stem diameter Stem Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Estimation of early vigor Observe the vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Computation of Embryo Length Maximal length of the embryo extracted from the virtual embryo skeleton and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Count of millipede in a parcel Counting of millipede guttulatus Fungal disease - Uromyces betae Uromyces betae Susceptibility to rust due to Uromyces betae Susceptibility Measurement of Mean Root Width Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root width Computation of the rugosity index of the seed coat Surface characterization of the Seed Coat Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Number of rotten beets on samples of 160 beets break down to percentage Measurement of petiole length among Length Minimum Mean minimum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Seed Mass Individual seed mass Seed mass Ditylenchus Dipsaci susceptibility scale Pests - Blaniulus guttulatus Millipede guttulatus Counting of millipede guttulatus Number Embryo Area Standard deviation of the external surface area of the embryo Embryo area Estimation of Susceptibility to Erysiphe Susceptibility to Erysiphe - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation SPTBW method Absent/Present beets touched by beet western - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september Estimation of dry matter yield Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content predicted by FT-NIR Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by striped flea beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESFLBE method Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Observation of Leaf Regrowth Ring Color scale SPSRCRR method Absent/Present beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot - evaluated at the end of summer Observation of Hypocotyl pigmentation Hypocotyl pigmentation Measurement of seed Surface Area External surface area of the hole seed measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Spring / Emergence Number of plant with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYGAME method Number Rotten root Number of rotten beets Rotten beet number Root aphids susceptibility scale 1 Number Bolting plant Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Total Bolting plant count Glucose content Glucose content of beet mush Root Glucose content in root Productivity - Root dry matter yield Root dry matter yield estimated by FT-NIR Root Dry matter yield Susceptibility to Erwinia Rot Observation of Erwinia rot susceptibility Class of the diameter of the root at the point of break in cm for single beet Classification of root by diameter AUDPC of RUST AUDPC : Under curve area of RUST gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Pests - Moth Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth Number of plant Intern crown eroded Hypocotyl Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature Hypocotyl temperature Temperature Number of bolting plants for thousand plants at 1500°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2500°Cd and 3000°Cd after sowing Counting of bolting plant SPNBPLSYPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Distance Seed Measurement of seed spacing Seed spacing Under progress curve area of LAI evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of LAI Observation of beet shape None SUMNBPLTOMF method Summer Number of blate pits due to mangol fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Beets touched by beet western Beet western Viral disease - Beet western Root Seed Shattering scale SPNBPLSYFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Seed coat Standard deviation of the volume of the seed coat Seed coat volume Volume Volume Seed Seed volume Total volume of the seed measured Root Free fructose and glucose onfresh matter Fructose and glucose content in root Fructose and glucose content Fungal disease - Aphanomyces cochlioides Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility Susceptibility to black root due to Aphanomyces cochlioides Counting of hors Pink Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Magnesium deficiency Leaf Estimation of magnesium deficiency Magnesium deficiency Roundness Beet roundness Root Beet roundness Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity scale Crown Crown importance Importance Measurement of the importance of the crown mm² The length of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Measurement of seed coat length Mean Computation of Beet Roundness Mean Computation of the roundness average by the ratio Length / Width 1/2 after max (measured in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - Higher the ratio is, less round the beet is. Mineral Deficiency scale Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae Observation of Polymyxa betae susceptibility Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Observation of rings color External surface area of the perisperm measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the perisperm mm Radicle Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature Temperature Radicle temperature Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Observation of Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility Measurement of Beet Width Max Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the maximal diameter Root potassium content Potassium content Potassium content in root Root Measurement of the seed coat volume Volume of the seed coat measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. % Type Of Beet scale Measurement of radicle length Measurement of radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C in Eloncam Surface flatness measures how flat is the surface of seed coat Computation of seed coat flatness index Determination of ploidy level Plant Ploidy Plant ploidy level Leaf hoppers Number of plant Pests - Leaf hoppers Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers Quality Productivity - Topping quality Evaluation of topping quality visually Topping Quantity of nitrogen in leaves - measured in laboratory Measurement of nitrogen in leaves Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot due to Stemphylium beticola Estimation of Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot Violet Root Rot susceptibility scale Width Leaf blade width on a group of single plants Leaf blade Leaf blade width Estimation of Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Foliar surface touched by ramularia leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSLUG and SPNBPLSYSLUG SPNBPLTOSLUG method Leaf blade length on a group of single plants Leaf blade Leaf blade length Length Measurement of Beet Width Half Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the diameter located at the half of the root under the max diameter Computation of dry matter yield Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content measured by refractometer Germity scale Counting of hors Red Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Fungal disease - Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Macrophomina Phaseolina Observation of Rhizomania susceptibility Susceptibility to Rhizomania scored by the yellowing of the canopy; 0 is none and 9 is most yellowing. mEq/100g of fresh matter Potassium and sodium content in the root Potassium and sodium content Potassium and sodium content in root Root Estimation of Rhizomania Rhizomania Susceptibility to Rhizomania - 1st, 2nd and 3rd notation Root Rot Erwinia scale Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Yellow-Orange Beets Measurement of Size Grade Seed size measured using sieves None Maturity Seed maturity Seed Measurement of germination hour in Eloncam Hour of germination at 10°C in Eloncam Cercospora nests Fungal disease - Cercospora Presence Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Observation of violet root rot susceptibility Susceptibility to Violet Root [Helicobasidium purpureum] AUDPC of RLS AUDPC : Under curve area of RLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Measurement of seed spacing Mean spacing between seeds measured on a line of 10 seeds Observation of the leaf blade Observation Blistering Leaf blade Estimation of matter content predicted with FT-NIR Soluble dry matter content predicted with FT-NIR on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample Volume of the perisperm measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of the perisperm volume Hairiness scale Embryo Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the embryo Embryo sphericity index Sphericity index Maximum diameter of single beet Measurement of Beet Diameter Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESPYBE and SPNBPLSYPYBE SPNBPLTOPYBE method Leaf Undulation scale Root aphids susceptibility scale 2 Measurement of mutigermicity Visual inspection to observe wether one, two or more glomerules are sticked together into one glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Computation of Radicle Temperature Delta Petiole Minimum petiole width among plants Width Petiole width White sugar content Root White sugar content in the root White sugar content in root Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Leaf regrowth Leaf Regrowth Wilting scale Measurement of seed coat shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. kg SUMNBCOTHR method Summer Number of thrips on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Leaf Leaf weight Weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Weight Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Estimation of green pixels An Area A measure of how closely the shape of the perisperm resembles that of a perfect sphere Computation of the sphericity index of the perisperm Observation of Verticillium wilt susceptibility Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Counting the number of monogerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of monogerm seeds Percentage of monogerm seeds count unit Life form scale Embryo Volume Embryo volume Standard deviation of the volume of the embryo Juice purity Juice Purity Juice purity of a brei sample representative from the whole plot Counting of leafs None General scoring scale Observation of Leaf Glossiness Determination of the average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Count the number of frozen beets Cold stress damage Plant Cold stress damage Root Productivity - Beet weight Weight Weight of a single beet without leaves Percentage of empty seeds in a sample Empty Empty seed Seed Heterogeneity of growth due to soil structure or soil depth Soil effect Effect Soil Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves around 15th of May, 25th of May and 06th of June - using a photography vertically taken Computation of Ground Cover Rate Measurement of matter Matter Content Total dry matter content of leaves Score of Susceptibility to Rust Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh Seed coat thickness Seed coat Thickness Seed shattering None Shattering Seed Beet size Beet size as the ratio of max on min beet width Root Size Damping-off complex Susceptibility to seedling disease due to soil-borne fungi (Aphanomyces cochlioides, R. solani, Pythium spp., Phoma betae) Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Computation of rotten net gravity Pests - Noctuid moth Number of plant Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth Perforated leaves Spring / Emergence Number of plant with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYMILL method Diameter of single beet top Measurement of Beet Top Diameter ‰ Measurement of seed coat sp diameter Seed coat sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. High Temperatures Suceptibility scale Number of plant with AB217 symptoms Millipede symptoms Number of plant Pests - Millipede Susceptibility Pests - Root maggot Susceptibility to root maggot Root maggot Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms Pests - Crane-fly Crane-fly symptoms Number of plant Seedling growth Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Growth Seedling Rhizoctonia Solani susceptibility scale SPNBPLSYSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves AUDPC of CLS AUDPC : Under curve area of CLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Absent/Present beets having symptoms due to Heterodera Schachtii - confirmed by cysts on radicles - evaluated regularly on plants between start of july and end of september SPSHS method Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Computation of Seedling Growth Base Temperature Root net yield calculated in t/ha Computation of root net yield Determination of ploidy Determination by flux cytometer of the level of ploidy SPNBPLDESMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by millipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves index Fungal disease - Polymyxa betae Susceptibility Polymyxa betae Susceptibility to root rot due to Polymyxa betae Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR Cercospora Beticola susceptibility scale Total number of bolting plants Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Heterodera schachtii Susceptibility Pests - Heterodera Schachtii Susceptibility to beet cyst nematode due to Heterodera schachtii Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility scale Flowering Time scale Date of the seed bearer flowering start Observation of the Flowering Start Population Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Plot Stand homogeneity Beet Yellows Virus scale SPNBPLTOBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESBLLEG and SPNBPLSYBLLEG Weight of rotten beets parts relative to gross weight of beets Computation of rotten gross gravity Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root groove - The closer the number is to 9, the smoother the root is Measurement of Smoothness Score Mean Petiole Petiole color Color of petiole Color Bract distribution Flower bract Distribution Importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Scale for Seedling Betacyanin Content Beet width Width Maximal diameter Root Fusarium Susceptibility scale Seed Percentage of abnormal seeds in a sample Abnormal Abnormal seed m²/m² Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Orange Beets Observation of type Of Beet General growth type and/or use type. Susceptibility to downy mildew due to Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Fungal disease - Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Susceptibility Germination final rate Seed Germination rate Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Spring / Emergence Number of plant with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYVOLE method Computation of root gross yield Root gross yield calculated in t/ha Susceptibility Susceptibility to Fusarium Fusarium Vascular disease - Fusarium Susceptibility to Rust (Uromyces betae) at plot level - 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th notation Estimation of Rust Susceptibility Number Number of bolting plants for thousand plants after sowing Bolting plant number Bolting plant SPNBPLSYSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Seed coat Standard deviation of the flat surface of the seed coat Seed coat flatness Flatness Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Computation of Ratio Length / Width of leaf blade variable_of Downy Mildew Susceptibility scale Susceptibility Erysiphe Fungal disease - Erysiphe betae Susceptibility to Erysiphe Estimation of Beet Yellowing Virus Susceptibility to Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Percentage Bolting plant Bolting percentage Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Number Pests - Striped flea beetle Striped flea beetle Number of striped flea beetle on plants Computation to estimate seed size Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Number of slugs on 0.25 sqm using traps - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Counting of Slugs Before Sowing Ramularia beticola susceptibility scale Shape Root shape Root Root shape in longitudinal section Standard deviation of the external surface area of the seed coat Seed coat Seed coat area Area Foliar surface touched by sugar beet rust evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Measurement of width Leaf Stalk Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk width Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the embryo Embryo Sphere Diameter Length Embryo Number Topped root Number of beets with topping class Topped beet number Area index Leaf area index (LAI) LAI Leaf area index (LAI) evaluated by NIRS Leaf Root Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Dry matter content in root Dry matter content Blinkers Counting of blinkers Number Viral disease - Blinkers Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCF and SPNBPLSYCF SPNBPLTOCF method mm3 SPNBPLTOGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESGAME and SPNBPLSYGAME Root aphids Pests - Phemphigus betae Susceptibility to root aphids Susceptibility Measurement of free Fructose content Free Fructose content of root measured on brei (g/100g Fresh matter) Measurement of Top Thickness Height of top of the beet The length of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Measurement of perisperm length cm Computation of the sphericity index of the embryo A measure of how closely the shape of the embryo resembles that of a perfect sphere SPNBPLDESNOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Measurement of seed coat width The width of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Leaf number Leaf Number Number of leaves Vigor Vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Early vigor Plant Seed coat Standard deviation of the seed coat width Width Seed coat width Observation of Leaf Color Determination of the average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Spring / Emergence Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESNOMO and SPNBPLSYNOMO SPNBPLTONOMO method Area Cotyledon area Cotyledon Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Measurement of Stem Diameter Computation of feret shape value of the embryo Embryo shape characterisation index Diameter Root Class of the maximum diameter of single beet Beet diameter Flesh Coarness scale Leaf stalk width Leaf stalk width on a group of single plants Width Leaf stalk Calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery (in m²/m²) Evaluation of total foliar surface Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by white grub on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESWHGR method Mean maximum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole width among Width Maximum Soil Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight Productivity - Soil proportion in raw beet weight Proportion Radicle Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Radicle lengthening speed Growth rate Degree of male sterility Degree of male sterility Computation of leaf Area Index Leaf area index evaluated by NIRS Bigerm seed Percentage of bigerm seeds in a seed sample Seed Bigerm Ratio The width of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Measurement of embryo width Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature Cotyledon Temperature Cotyledon temperature Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Counting of Stem Number Computation of seed's filling ratio Estimating the percentage of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed in % Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by pygmy beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESPYBE method Plant life forme (ie life cycle) state : annual, biannual, perenial… Life form Plant life cycle state Plant Volume of the embryo measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of the embryo volume Evaluation of topping quality visually, 1 and 2 are undertopped, 3 and 4 are well topped and 5 and 6 are overtopped Topping Quality Root tip Width Tip width Measurement of the average width of broken apical part Counting of green apterous aphids Number Green apterous aphids Pests - Green aphid Absent/Present Evaluation of root damages visually Root damage Root Damange Aphanomyces black leg symptoms Pests - Aphanomyces black leg Number of plant Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms Measurement of top Height Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average 'green above ground part' Scale for Presence Of Embryo Spider mites Number of spider mites on plants Number Pests - Spider mites Weight of a single beet without leaves Measurement of beet weight Number of plants with cercospora leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (if no treatment - If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Hypocotyl Growth rate Hypocotyl lengthening speed Non Orange beet Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Orange beet number Number Fungal disease - Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility to violet root due to Helicobasidium purpureum Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility Beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus Root Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Flowering start time Flowering start time Plant Date of the seed bearer flowering start Measurement of Soil Humidity Humidity of soil in % Beet Cyst Nematode Susceptibility scale Perisperm lenght Standard deviation of the perisperm length Perisperm Length Observe the plants per plot under frost condition and count the number of frozen beets Countind of frozen beets Root length Length Measurement of the average root length Root Measurement of cotyledon final length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Computation of white sugar yield White sugar yield calculated in t/ha. Weight Root Root net weight Productivity - Root net weight °C Counting of wireworms Count of wireworms in a parcel Measurement of on early germination Rate Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Bolting start time Bolting Start time Score leaf wilting per plot under drought stress Estimation of drought stress susceptibility Percentage of beets not much broken Broken beets Broken Root The maximum thickness of all the measured points on the seed coat in millimeters (mm) Measurement of the maximum thicknes of the seed coat Summer Number of mangol flies on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOMF method Embryo length Embryo Length Standard deviation of the embryo length Seed coat Shape Seed coat Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the seed coat Position Average of leaf position on a group of single plants Leaf position Leaf Sum of daily mean temperature minus the base threshold value (germination base temperature Tbgerm) which is necessary from sowing to reach fifty percent germination. Cumulative thermal time to reach 50% of germination Measurement of weight Of Top Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by top Chlorophyll content evolution Chlorophyll content Leaf AUPC Chlorophyll Esitimation of Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root herself Measurement of weight of Root Summer Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTONOMO method Damage by sugar beet rust Leaf Damage by sugar beet rust Fungal disease - Sugar beet rust Measurement of Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Rotten parts of beets are cut and weighed together AUDPC of SBR AUDPC : Under curve area of SBR gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Perisperm sphericity index Sphericity index Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the perisperm Perisperm Sum of Potassium and Sodium content in the root Computation of Potassium and Sodium content Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESMILL and SPNBPLSYMILL SPNBPLTOMILL method SPNBPLDESGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by game on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Observe the growth of plants per plot and rate the heterogeneity due to soil structure or soil depth Estimation of soil effect Evaluation of the average plant stay green Greeness Plant Productivity - Plant stay green Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Counting of Curly top Curly Top SPTBYV method Absent/Present beets touched by beet yellow virus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september Color of the inflorescence stem Stem color Stem Color Leaf blade glossiness Glossiness Average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade Observation of Stem Color Color of the inflorescence stem Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by crane-fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESCF method Sucrose content measured by polarimetry on Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Percentage of Sugar Content Beet Mild Yellowing Virus susceptibility scale Root aphids Susceptibility Pests - Root aphids Susceptibility to root aphids unitless Measurement of Content of betacyanin in the beet None Drought Stress scale Sodium content in root Root sodium content Root Sodium content None undefined SUMNBCOSFB method Summer Number of striped flea beetle on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Summer Number of plants with blates touched by spider mites - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLLESPMI method Measurement of Mean Root Length Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root length Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus susceptibility sclN Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility scale Spring Population Plan population 400°Cd after sowing Spring population Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Productivity - Rotten gravity Proportion Rotten root Susceptibility to root rot due to Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani Susceptibility Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia solani Growth of plants under heat condition and rate the tolerance Heat stress tolerance Plant Heat stress tolerance HeatTol Rust gravity evolution Gravity Fungal disease - Rust Rust Flowering pattern between plants Observation of flowering pattern between plants Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity scale Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola - 1st and 2nd notation Estimation of Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Plant wilting Wilting Plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress Plant Estimation of magnesium deficiency Observe the Magnesium Deficiency 1 + Alter, Magnesium Deficiency 2 + Alter g/100g of fresh matter Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule is empty and therefore does not contain an organ. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the empty seed Pseudomonas aptata scale Embryo sp diameter measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of embryo sp diameter Charcoal Root Rot susceptibility scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSTNEM and SPNBPLSYSTNEM SPNBPLTOSTNEM method Mean minimum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole width among Width Minimum Curly top virus susceptibility scale Class of the maximum diameter of single beet in cm Classification of root by maximum diameter Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew Number of plants with powdery mildew spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root neck Measurement of weight of Root Neck Seed coat equivalent diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the seed coat Seed coat Diameter Susceptibility to Root Aphids Estimation of root aphids susceptibility Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of embryo shape Summer Number of leaf tunnels due to moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOLEMO method Stem number Number Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Stem Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Measurement of cotyledon temperature Weight of beets before sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Root Sodium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of sodium content of beet mush Estimation of Rhizoctonia Solani Susceptibility Susceptibility to Rhizoctonia root rot Measurement of potassium content of beet mush Root Potassium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot AUPC of green vegetation cover Green vegetation Green vegetation cover (FCOVER) evolution Cover Beet Chlorosis Virus susceptibility scale Counting the number of bigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of bigerm seeds Determination of the percentage of Bigerme In Seeds Bract Distribution Scale Top root Thickness Height of top of the beet Top beet thickness Observation of foliar damages by phytoproducts Scoring of foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Width Perisperm Persiperm width Standard deviation of the perisperm width SPNBPLSYNOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Leaf Height scale Computation of quality index with Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization / quantity of extractable sugar - Formula including Invert sugar (glucose) Stages of seed bearer flowering Observation of flowering time Degree of male sterility Sterility Male flower Male fertility Computation of seed coat equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the seed coat Observation of Bract Distribution Description of the importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Cotyledon Cotyledon length Length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth Rhizomania Yellowing susceptibility scale Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the embryo Embryo Diameter Embryo equivalent diameter SPNBPLDESCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by centipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Susceptibility Susceptibility to seedling disease Seedling disease Soil fungal disease Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade Ratio Leaf blade ratio Branched Measurement of the importance of branched beet Branched beet Root AUPC of FCOVER Under progress curve area of FCOVER evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures Measurement of length Leaf Stalk Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk length Productivity - Weight Of Beets Plot Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Weight Aphanomyces cochlioides susceptibility scale Root color below ground of a group of single plants Observation of below ground of a group Root Color t/ha Position Root Beet position in soil Part of the root which exceeds the soil Empty space Volume Empty space volume Standard deviation of the volume of the empty space in the seed Erysiphe betae susceptibility scale Standard deviation of the volume of the perisperm Volume Perisperm Perisperm volume Phytoproducts damages scale Sugar content Quality index with invert sugar Sugar content in root Root Computation of white sugar content in the root Percentage of white sugar in the root at plot scale Count of bolting plants for a whole plot Bolting plant Number Bolting plant count Canopy Nitrogen content Leaf nitrogen quantity Quantity of nitrogen in leaves (in g/m²) Invert sugar content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Estimation of content predicted by FT-NIR Observation of Leaf Undulation Determination of the average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Susceptibility to Black Foliar [Aphanomyces cochliodes]. Estimation of Black Foliar Ratings Scale for Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Computation of Mean Germination Time Calculated as: Σ (n T)/ Σ n, where n = number of seeds newly germinated at time T; T = hours from the beginning of the germination test, Σ n = final germination. h Measurement of Branched Beet Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of branched beet - The higher the number is, the more forked the root is. Counting of Double Plant At Field Emergence Number of plants doubled at field emergence : if 2 plants are spaced less than 0.5 * normal distance between 2 seeds - counted at 200°Cd after sowing Measurement of Technical Length Beet length between top and tail Computation of embryo equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the embryo Quantity of nitrogen in canopy Quantity of nitrogen in canopy - predicted using a NIRS Computation of Free Fructose and Glucose Sum of Free Fructose and Glucose (g/100g Fresh matter) Germination Grain germination Seed Mutigermicity Rhizomania Susceptibility Susceptibility to Rhizomania Viral disease - Rhizomania Rhizoctonia symptoms Beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot Root Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia Thickness of leaf cuticle Cuticle thickness Leaf cuticle Thickness Hypocotyl Color scale Root weight Root Weight Single beet weight constituted by top Computation of Fresh Matter Yield of leaves Total fresh matter yield of leaves Susceptibility Bacterial disease - Erwinia Betavasculorum Erwinia Betavasculorum Susceptibility to root rot due to Erwinia Betavasculorum weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Measurement of weight of leaves Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Green vegetation Green vegetation cover Cover Leaf Glossiness scale Black aphids Number Pests - Black aphid Counting of black aphids Number of plants with sugar beet rust pustules - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Germination time Grain germination time Seed Germination time Height Plant height on a group of single plants Leaf height Leaf Betacyanin content Leaf Evaluation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Leaf betacyanin pattern Susceptibility to Root Aphids Observation of Root Aphids susceptibility Emergence quality Plant Field emergence quality Computation of field emergence quality Smoothness Smoothness Root Measurement of the average root groove Root Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit Sugar content Invert sugar content in root mm/h Scoring the general appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Observation of general appearance of the plot Use Productivity - Plant target use Plant General growth type and/or use type Root Beet sugar yield Sugar yield Productivity - Beet sugar yield Total volume of the seed measured in cubic millimeter (mm3) Measurement of seed volume SPNBPLTOWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESWHGR and SPNBPLSYWHGR Color Root color Root color below ground of a group of single plants Root Embryo Embryo Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the embryo Shape Free fructose content of root measured Fructose content Fructose content in root Root Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms Number of plant Pests - Stem nematode Stem nematode symptoms Estimation of Ditylenchus dipsaci susceptibility Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci - plot-basis score based on the number of root presenting symptoms (stunting, swelling and rotting) Susceptibility Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci Ditylenchus dipsaci Pests - Ditylenchus dipsaci Computation of Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Number of beets with break diameter less or equal to 2 cm relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Damping-off complex scale Minimum petiole length among plants Petiole Petiole length Length Number of plants with ramularia leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Evaluation of the average plant stay green Evaluation of the average plant stay green Ratio Max Width / Width 1/2 after max (meausred in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - High = cylindric beet; Low = conical beet Computation of Beet Size Mean SUMNBCONOMO method Summer Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Normal Normal seed Seed Percentage of normal seeds in a sample Perisperm sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of perisperm sp diameter Temperature threshold value under which germination does not occur Computation of germination Base Temperature Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Counting the number of plantlets with green hypocotyl after germinating test of a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of green hypocotyl Determination of the percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors White Beets Tetanops myopaeformis susceptibility scale Root gross weight / microplot in kg/ha Measurement of gross weight Measurement of alpha-amino nitrogen content of beet mush Root alpha-amino nitrogen content measured by Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Scale for Stand Homogeneity Topping quality scale Shape Root Beet shape Shape of the beet Aphanomyces Root Rot susceptibility scale Measurement of sugar content of beet mush Sugar content (saccharin) of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Observe the Manganese Deficiency Estimation of manganese deficiency Standard deviation of the maximum thickness of the seed coat Seed coat Thickness Seed coat maximum thickness Early vigor scale Seed coat Sphere Diameter Length Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the seed coat Seed coat Counting the number of plants in a plot Counting Computation of Soil Tare Evaluation Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight - calculated on 5 samples of 100 beets Root Maggot susceptibility scale Observation of Hairiness of leaf surface Hairiness of leaf surface Branched Beet scale Gross yield Root gross yield Productivity - Root gross yield Root Estimation of Sugar content of beet Sugar content of beet predicted by a NIRS Visual inspection to observe if the glomerulus is abnormal either by an embryonic malformation or by a perisperm defect . The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the abnormal seed Alpha-amino nitrogen content in root Alpha-amino nitrogen content Root Root alpha-amino nitrogen content Rugosity index Seed coat rugosity index Seed coat Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the seed coat Pests - White grub Number of plant White grub symptoms Number of plant with white grub symptoms Estimation of juice purity from the 'Wieniger & Kubadinov' formula based on impurity (K, Na and Alpha-N) and sucrose contents Determination of juice purity scale_of Seed Bearer Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Phoma betae Fungal disease - Phoma betae Susceptibility Susceptibility to Phoma betae Determination of the plant height on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Height Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by thrips - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOTHR method Phytoproduct damage Leaf Foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Phytoproducts damage Presence Embryo Presence of embryo Automatic detection of the presence of embryo Fungal disease - Cercospora Beticola Susceptibility Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola Cercospora beticola Leaf stalk length Length Leaf stalk Leaf stalk length on a group of single plants Scale for Maximum Beet Diameter Class Observation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern None Population Productivity - Plant productivity Plot Plot population Viral disease - Curly top virus Susceptibility Curly top Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis SPNBPLDESSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by slug on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Ring color Root ring Color Wireworms Pests - Wireworms Counting of wireworms Number Width Root width Root Measurement of the average root width Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of perisperm shape Date Susceptibility to root aphid scoring at harvest presence of aphid colonies on the outside of the beet root in combination with presence of wax using the Hutchinson and Campbell disease scoring scale Observation of Root Aphid susceptibility Color Hypocotyl color Hypocotyl Hypocotyl pigmentation Under progress curve area of Chlorophyll content evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of Chlorophyll Counting of Crane-fly Before Sowing Number of crane-flies on 0.25 sqm using traps with bait - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Fungal disease - Ramularia beticola Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Ramularia beticola Susceptibility Susceptibility Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Fungal disease - Verticillium Verticillium wilt External surface area of the embryo measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the embryo Male Sterility scale Measurement of free Glucose content by HPLC Free Glucose content of root measured on frozen brei sample (g/100g Fresh matter) by HPLC Root Rot Susceptibility scale Root Beets having rhizopus symptoms Rhizopus symptoms Fungal disease - Rhizopus Estimation of Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility Susceptibility to Sclerotium root rot Susceptability to Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii) Estimation of Beet Cyst Heterodera Schachtii Determination of the beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Observation of Bolting Start Noctuid moth caterpillars Number Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants Pests - Noctuid moth caterpillars Embryo width Width Embryo Standard deviation of the embryo width Plant Number of plants after sowing Plant population after sowing Number Spring / Emergence Number of plant with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYWHGR method Observation of Root Maggot susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Maggot Leaf blade color Average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Leaf blade Color Damage by Ramularia Fungal disease - Ramularia Damage by Ramularia Leaf Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Washing Weight of beets after washing for the entire plot Counting the number of trigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of trigerm seeds Determination of the percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds Seed Time of the germination of the seed Germination time Germination time Number of blate pits due to mangod fly with indication of maggot presence or not per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of blate pits Measurement of embryo length The length of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Presence of Cercospora nests Root net yield calculated Root Net yield Productivity - Root net yield SPTBMYV method Absent/Present beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september glucose of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Measurement of glucose content of beet mush Mangol flies Pests - Mangold fly Number of mangol flies on plants Number Area Perisperm Standard deviation of the external surface area of the perisperm Perisperm area Perisperm Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the perisperm Perisperm SpDiameter Length Pygmy beetle symptoms Pests - Pygmy beetle Number of plant Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms Observation of seed shattering None Inflorescence cluster Cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster fasciation Fasciation Observation of seed maturity None Counting the number of genetic twins seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of twins Determination of the percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Estimation of Pseudomonas aptata susceptibility Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Non White beet number Non White beet Number of beets by color not in root color trait Number Susceptibility Susceptibility to root maggot due to Tetanops myopaeformis Pests - Tetanops myopaeformis Tetanops myopaeformis Number of plant with centipede symptoms Number of plant Centipede symptoms Pests - Centipede Number of dead plants for a whole plot Counting of Dead Plants Observation of Main color of flesh Observation of Main color of flesh SPNBPLDESVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by vole on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by aphanomyces black leg on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESBLLEG method Multigermicity scale Bacterial disease - Pseudomonas aptata Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Pseudomonas aptata Susceptibility Root Shape scale Size Seed size Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape Seed Measurement of petiole length among Length Maximum Mean maximum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Counting of bolters First, second, third and fourth count of bolting plants for a whole plot Diameter Perisperm equivalent diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the persiperm Perisperm Productivity - Root gross weight Weight Root Root gross weight SUMNBCOSPMI method Summer Number of spider mites on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Total fresh matter yield of leaves Fresh matter yield Leaf Productivity - Leaf fresh matter yield Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing virus Susceptibility Susceptibility to beet mild yellowing Virus Beet Mild Yellowing Virus The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the perisperm Computation of perisperm equivalent diameter Stem Color scale Leaf Position scale Number of beets with topping class [1], [2], [5] or [6] relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Computation of Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets mg Number of green apterous aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of green apterous aphids Observation Plot Fungal disease - General scoring General appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Spring / Emergence Number of plant with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYCENTI method Measurement of the volume of the empty space in the seed The volume of the empty space in the seed measured in mm3 Measurement of chlorophyll in leaves Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves - measured in laboratory Life form of the accession Observation of lifeform Viral disease - Beet yellows virus Beet Yellows Virus Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Susceptibility Viral disease - Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility Beet Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Manganese deficiency Manganese deficiency Estimation of manganese deficiency Leaf Counting of black aphids Number of black aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Summer Number of moth on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOMO method Measurement of Final Rate Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Measurement of the average 'green above ground part' Height Root Root height Damage by powdery mildew Damage by powdery mildew Leaf Fungal disease - Powdery Mildew Flesh color Flesh Main color of flesh Color Scale for Beet Position In Soil Count the number of double plants at field emergence Double plant number Number Double plant Observation of blistering Visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants (whole microplot) of the leaf blade Determination of the average of leaf position on a group of single plants Observation of leaf position Root Length Beet length between top and tail Beet length Betacyanin content in seed Betacyanin content Seedling Betacyanin Content Seedling Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Measurement of hypocotyl lengthening speed Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. Estimation of heat tolerance LAI Leaf area index (LAI) evolution AUPC of leaf area index Leaf Area index Measurement of weight Of Beets After Sorting Weight of beets after sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation °Cdays Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Estimation of Yellows Virus Seed coat lenght Standard deviation of the seed coat length Seed coat Length Estimation of Inflorescence cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster fasciation Susceptibility Susceptibility to yellow leaf spot due to Stemphylium beticola Stemphylium beticola Fungal disease - Stemphylium beticola Observation of Type Of Root Damage Evaluation of root damages visually. Wounded referes to significant mass loss. Bruised referes to scratched surface, visible crack with no mass loss. Wounded and bruised are both Spring / Emergence Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYCF method Germinating power Germination rate Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Seed Yield Productivity - White sugar yield White sugar White sugar yield calculated Plant Flowering end time Flowering end time Date of the seed bearer flowering end Observation of flowering pattern within plants Flowering pattern within plants Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade length Measurement of lenght Leaf Blade Mesasurement of seed mass Individual seed mass Weight of beets after soil removal for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal SUMNBPLTOCRMO method Summer Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Observation of root maggot using de Lee Campbell Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility to root maggot using de Lee Campbell disease scoring scale Soluble dry matter content measured on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample with a refractometer - In °Brix Measurement of dry Matter Content Estimation of Susceptibility to Phoma betae Susceptibility to Phoma betae µg/cm² leaf Measurement of radicle lengthening speed Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Measurement of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when harvesting single plants Observation of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when In Soil Mpa SPNBPLDESSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by stem nematode on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Observation of the plant wilting Observe the plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress at plot scale Computation of quality index without Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization /quantity of extractable sugar - Formula without Invert sugar (glucose) Powdery Mildew Gravity scale Pests - Game Number of plant with game symptoms Number of plant Game symptoms Productivity - Rotten beet weight Rotten root Rotten beet weight Weight Number Pests - Pegomyia betae Counting of blate pits Blate pits Seed quality Percentage of trigerm seeds in a seed sample Seed Trigerm Counting of Cercospora beticola Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th notation Drought stress Drought stress susceptibility Leaf wilting under drought stress Leaf Loss of leaves (LAI) Leaf Loss of leaves due to water stress : reference measure based on an image to evaluate total foliar surface Loss SUMNBPLTOSFB method Summer Number of plants touched by striped flea beetle - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Estimation of flesh coarness None Dry matter content of leaves Leaf Dry matter content Total dry matter content of leaves Number of plant with slug symptoms Slug symptoms Number of plant Pests - Slugs Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average width of broken apical part Measurement of Tip Width Mean Early germination rate Seed Germination rate Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves Chlorophyll content Leaf chlorophyll quantity Canopy Number of plants / parcel counted at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd thermal time after sowing Counting of number of plant after sowing AUDPC : Under curve area of PM gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of PM Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Measurement of Invert sugar content Weight of beets before soil removal for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Measurement of the bigerm seed Visual inspection to observe if two embryo present in a single glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Mesurement of Betaine content by HPLC Betaine content mesured by HPLC on frozen brei sample Leaf hairiness Presence of hairiness of leaf surface Hairiness Leaf Sugar Beet Rust Gravity scale Estimation of Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Percentage of bolters Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Washing Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Measurement of soil humidity Soil Humidity Humidity Soil Foliar surface touched by powdery mildew evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Powdery Mildew Gravity Number Non Yellow beet Non Yellow beet number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh, measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Computation of the thicknesses of the seed coat mesh Non Pink beet number Non Pink beet Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait SUMNBPLTOBLB method Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Petiole Color scale Measurement of width Leaf blade Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade width Phoma Betae Susceptibility scale Radicle Radicle length Length Radicle length 7 days after the seed germination Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug Number of plant Pests - Beet leaf bug Leaves stinged Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Yellow-orange beet number Non Yellow-orange beet Measurement of perisperm width The width of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Thickness of leaf cuticle (consult with IIRB) Observation of Cuticle Thickness Leaf Color scale Root shape in longitudinal section Observation of Root Shape Computation of field emergence quality Integral of the logistic curve using the population countings at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Yellow Beets External surface area of the hole seed measured Seed Area Seed area SUMNBPLTOLEH method Summer Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Observation of Color of petiole Observation of Color of petiole Blistering scale Scale for Type Of Root Damage Scale for Flowering Pattern between plants Number of thrips on plants Thrips Number Pests - Thrips Susceptibility to Black Root (Aphanomyces cochliodes). Estimation of Black Aphanomyces Cochlioides SPNBPLTOVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESVOLE and SPNBPLSYVOLE Beet Shape scale Mesure of germinating power Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample SPSRH method Absent/Present beets having rhizopus symptoms - evaluated at the end of summer Estimation of Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity Foliar surface touched by cercospora leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing End Use scale Time to reach x% of the total number of seeds, x = 10 to 90 Time of reach x% of germination Automatic detection of the presence of embryo. Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 2D X-Ray. Measurement of the presence of embryo Pests - Vole Number of plant Vole symptoms Number of plant with vole symptoms Water potential threshold value under which germination does not occur Computation of Germination Base Water Potential Flesh Flesh coarness Evaluation of flesh coarness Coarness Measurement of area of the seed coat External surface area of the seed coat measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Scale for Flowering Pattern within plants Evaluation of LAI Evaluation of LAI loss : 0 if no loss to -1 if 100% loss Cuticle Thickness scale Flesh Color scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESFLBE and SPNBPLSYFLBE SPNBPLTOFLBE method Measurement of French Top Mean Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of the crown - The higher the number is, the more the crown tare is. Betaine content in root Betaine content Betaine content by FT-NIR Root SPNBPLTOCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCENTI and SPNBPLSYCENTI Computation of sugar yield Sugar yield calculated in t/ha Perisperm Perisperm Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the perisperm Shape Flowering time Flowering time Plant Stages of seed bearer flowering Leaf blade Undulation Average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade undulation Leaf Betacyanin Pattern scale Dead plant Number Dead plant number Count the number of dead plants for a whole plot Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves Leaf Ground coverage Ground coverage by plant leaves method_of Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Measurement of cotyledon surface area Scale for Stay green Number of blinkers at level plot due to sensitive plant to rhizomania Counting of blinkers Leaf Regrowth scale Root Color scale Date of the seed bearer flowering end Observation of the Flowering End The ratio of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed Filling rate Seed Seed filling ratio Sclerotium rolfsii Fungal disease - Sclerotium rolfsii Susceptibility Susceptibility to root rot due to Sclerotium rolfsii g/m² leaf Ploidy scale Stemphylium beticola susceptibility scale Estimation of Fusarium Susceptibility Susceptibility to Fusarium - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Phemphigus betae susceptibility scale Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Computation of Hypocotyl Temperature Delta Measurement of the normal seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule has only a single embryo and a perisperm without any malformation or defects. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Summer Number of beet leaf bug on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOBLB method