Petiole Length - Minimum PETLENMIN GRIN Daphné Verdelet Wilting WHIL Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmptyVolume Daphné Verdelet Empty Space Volume BractDistrib Daphné Verdelet Bract Distribution International Data Base for Beta LABK Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet mM K Lab - Potassium Content Of Beet Brei sample FLWRPATB Daphné Verdelet Flowering Pattern – Between plants GRIN Spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) 2 Daphné Verdelet GEPOW Institut Technique de la Betterave Germinating Power SPNBPLTOSLUG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Slug Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet PHOMA Florimond Desprez Phoma Betae Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Perisperm Equivalent Diameter PeriEqDiameter_STD TOPQUAL Topping Quality Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew Daphné Verdelet FELEPM 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched StemNb Daphné Verdelet Stem Number International Data Base for Beta 2 weak vigor Florimond Desprez BMYV Daphné Verdelet Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Moth On Plants SUMNBCOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave SPSRCRR Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Of Rhizoctonia Crown And Root Rot Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Empty seed GEVES/INRA Empty seed Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus (BNYVV) Rhizomania BNYVV very tender 1 homogeneous 4 NEST Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Nest Of Cercospora MAGNE Florimond Desprez Manganese Deficiency Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave CFCOBSO Crane-Fly Counting Before Sowing Daphné Verdelet LANILE Daphné Verdelet Lab - Nitrogen Quantity In Leaf Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Soil Effect Florimond Desprez SOIL Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatMaxThickness GEVES/INRA Seed Coat Maximum Thickness strong stay green 5 Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez CLSAUDPC Daphné Verdelet Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) Audpc Daphné Verdelet RLSAUDPC Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) Audpc Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet LABSC Institut Technique de la Betterave Lab- Sugar Content Of Beets Mush Empty 1 6 Narrow triangular Leaf Number LeafNb Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta FROST Florimond Desprez Frozen Beets Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Thrips On Plants Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOTHR Institut Technique de la Betterave All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) 9 wounded 2 Very heterogeneous 1 Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image REFLAI Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet FRT M Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet French Top Mean Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOWHGR Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With White Grub Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds HYPGR Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Juice Purity W&K W & K Daphné Verdelet TODIAM Beet Top Diameter Institut Technique de la Betterave Embryo Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES EmbShapeVA3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmbFeretShape3d Embryo Feret Shape 3d SPNBPLDESFLBE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Striped Flea Beetle Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Normal seed GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Normal seed Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESWHGR Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By White Grub SPNBPLTOPYBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms Cotyledon Temperature Delta DeltaTempCot Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Radicle Final Length (At 110°Cd) RadFnlLg Institut Technique de la Betterave CLDIAMBRE Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Daphné Verdelet Virtual Seed Size Grade Daphné Verdelet VirtualSeedGrade GEVES/INRA Field Emergence Quality Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet FIEMERQUAL Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Noctuid Moth Caterpillars On Plants SUMNBCONOMO Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez Black Root – Aphanomyces Cochlioides Daphné Verdelet Aphanomyces Root Rot (Arr) – Aphanomyces Cochlioides ARR no leaf yellowing 0 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Germination Final Rate GermFnlRt 4 Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) Florimond Desprez PSEU Daphné Verdelet Pseudomonas aptata 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched Monogerm 1 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) Daphné Verdelet GEVES SeedCoatSpDiameter Seed Coat SpDiameter mm GRIN/Florimond Desprez PM Daphné Verdelet Powdery Mildew (PM) – Erysiphe betae Fusarium GRIN/Florimond Desprez FUSA Fusarium Yellows – Fusarium Oxysporum & Secorum Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave NINIPL Daphné Verdelet Nirs - Nitrogen Quantity In Plot Florimond Desprez DM Daphné Verdelet Downy Mildew (DM) – Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Daphné Verdelet CRR Florimond Desprez Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina Florimond Desprez Molasse Sugar (F) / % Sugar Daphné Verdelet SM/POL-IS strong vigor 4 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Centipede SPNBPLDESCENTI Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Leaf Fresh Matter Yield LeafFreshMat Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Perisperm Sphericity index PeriSphericity_STD Daphné Verdelet SBRAUDPC Sbr Audpc Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) Seed Shattering International Data Base for Beta SeedShattering Daphné Verdelet 7 susceptible 1 No infection (100% plant stand) Daphné Verdelet Weight Proportion Of Root Neck Institut Technique de la Betterave WGTPORN 3 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) WGTPORO Weight Proportion Of Root Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet All plants severly damaged, no plants green (Infection 100%) 9 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Size Grade SeedGrade PerispShapeVA3d_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES totally touched leaf 10 No infection (100% plant stand) 1 Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYCF Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Crane-Fly Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Due To Heterodera Schachtii SPSHS Institut Technique de la Betterave 7 All plants are covered with light white mycellum (Infection 60%) Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 7 3 Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 1 No wilting (Wilting 0%) Florimond Desprez Length Leaf Blade L BLA Daphné Verdelet Ploidy PLOI GRIN Daphné Verdelet GEVES RadLg Radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C Daphné Verdelet EmbSpDiameter GEVES Embryo SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez BOLC Daphné Verdelet Bolters Counting Only the center few whorls of leaves green and alive - Majority of plants with Score = 8 8 DM/HA Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Dry Matter Yield highly tolerant 5 Institut Technique de la Betterave Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Daphné Verdelet GRAVSBR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOCF Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Crane-Fly Symptoms nymphs present, mant adults present 4 SeedMass Seed Mass Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Beet Size Mean BSI M 2 weak Gen Ap Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Seed Coat Maximum Thickness SeedCoatMaxThickness_STD SPNBPLDESCF Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Crane-Fly Daphné Verdelet Embryo Equivalent Diameter EmbEqDiameter GEVES/INRA LACHLOROLE Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Lab - Chlorophyll Quantity In Leaf = CHLO1 Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Branched Beet BRANC Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Yellow Virus SPTBYV Institut Technique de la Betterave Embryo Volume Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmbVol 1 rosette stadium 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) Perisperm Surface Area PerispSurfArea Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA 1 very resistant Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet PINK Number Of Pink Beets Summer Number Of Plant With Eroded Intern Crown - Moth Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOCRMO Daphné Verdelet intermediate 3 bracts to the top 9 Perisperm Shape VA3d GEVES Daphné Verdelet PerispShapeVA3d absent 0 Yellow 2 Institut Technique de la Betterave MFCO Daphné Verdelet Mangod Fly (Pegomyia betae) Blate Pits And Maggot Counting CRRF Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina - Foliar Ratings Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet DMNIR Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Content NIR Curly Top CTOP Curly Top Virus GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Time To Reach X% Of Germination GEVES/INRA Tx% 3 weak Florimond Desprez Beet Stem Nematode – Ditylenchus Dipsaci Daphné Verdelet BSN PSI b Germ Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Germination Base Water Potential 1 Very weak vigor 2 undertopped with petioles shorter than or equal to 2 cm Distincts spots on most leaves but not coalescing (Infection 10%) 4 Institut Technique de la Betterave Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage FEROBE Daphné Verdelet 2 A few spots in the plot (Infection 2%) Multigerm seed Daphné Verdelet Multigermicity GEVES/INRA Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 Daphné Verdelet Mean Root Length RLEN Florimond Desprez 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 4 broad elliptic Daphné Verdelet Nirs Leaf Area Index NILAI Institut Technique de la Betterave 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 Institut Technique de la Betterave SOIHUM Daphné Verdelet Soil Humidity Root Aphids GRIN ROOTAPHIDS Daphné Verdelet GRIN Leaf Hairiness LEAFHAIR Daphné Verdelet 5 medium Florimond Desprez Percentage Of White Sugar Daphné Verdelet % WS GEVES/INRA Embryo Lenght 3d EmbLength3d Daphné Verdelet strong Gen Ap 4 Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets After Sorting WGHASO Daphné Verdelet 4 multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering 50 to 95% of root surface Percentage Of Invert Sugar Venema %IS V Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOSTNEM Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Stem Nematode Symptoms 2 almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) - 10% dead plants GEVES/INRA SumTemp50pctGerm Daphné Verdelet Temperature Sum To Reach 50% Germination GR/HA Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Gross Weight/T Per Ha Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 Monogerm and multigerm mixed 2 Width Leaf Stalk Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet WISTA Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Centipede Symptoms SPNBPLSYCENTI 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (> 100 pots and rust spores starting to develop)(Infection 10%) BETAH Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Betaine HPLC Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 Summer Number Of Plant With Perforated Leaves Due To Noctuid Moth Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTONOMO SPNBPLTOCENTI Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Centipede Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave International Data Base for Beta Leaf Dry Matter Content LeafDryMat Daphné Verdelet SPRPOP Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring Population 8 A few plants still standinf, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 3 resistant Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHROBE Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Slug Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYSLUG FlorweringTime International Data Base for Beta Flowering Time Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet %GLUC G Glucose 5 overtopped with under half of max diameter bundle rings visible 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Striped Flea Beetle Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOSFB Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 semi-erect 3 pink 5 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) SeedCoatSurfArea Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Seed Coat Surface Area GEVES/INRA Perisperm Lenght 3d PeriLength3d Daphné Verdelet intermediate 5 narrow oblong GEVES Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatShapeVA3d Seed Coat Shape VA3d GREEN Florimond Desprez Stay Green Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYFLBE VERT Florimond Desprez Verticillium Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet FELESBR Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Institut Technique de la Betterave 1 Very weak stay green 1 No wilting (Wilting 0%) Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Flatness SeedCoatFlatness GEVES/INRA 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) YORNM Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Number Of Yellow-Orange Beets RINGCOLOR Ring Color GRIN Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Beet Chlorosis Virus BChV CABAUPC Daphné Verdelet Area Under Progress Curve Of Chlorophyll Over Time Institut Technique de la Betterave semi-prostrate 7 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 1 White Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBCOSFB Summer Number Of Striped Flea Beetle On Plants Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez RLS Daphné Verdelet Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) - Ramularia beticola 0 healthy some present on the lower part 1 intermediate vigor 3 4 Mixed 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched Type Of Beet Daphné Verdelet TYPE GRIN Florimond Desprez SMO M Daphné Verdelet Smoothness Score Mean A single plant shows yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a single yellow plant (Infection 2%) 2 OCVV/International Data Base for Beta RPOSI Daphné Verdelet Beet Position In Soil SBRM Florimond Desprez SugarBeet Root Maggot - Tetanops myopaeformis Daphné Verdelet 8 All plants are covered with thick white mycellum (Infection 80%) very resistant 1 Presence Of Embryo EmbPres Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Rhizoctonia Root Rot (RRR) – Rhizoctonia Solani GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet RRR GR/PL Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Gross Weight/Plot Standard Deviation Perisperm SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet GEVES PerispSpDiameter_STD 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched Institut Technique de la Betterave WGTPOTO Weight Proportion Of Top Daphné Verdelet GRIN PETIOLECOL Daphné Verdelet Petiole Color SPNBPLSYPYBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms RUST Rust – Uromyces Betae Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Vole Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOVOLE Daphné Verdelet 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal Daphné Verdelet WGHASR 9 Plant dead - Majority of plants with Score = 9 Maximum Beet Diameter BEDIAM Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 2 One embryo GEVES/INRA EmptyVolume_STD Standard Deviation Empty Space Volume Daphné Verdelet 0 Immune Pink 2 1 Plants only have green leaves - Plot looks 100% green (Infection 0%) Heterodera Schachtii GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Beet Cyst Nematode (Bcn) – Heterodera Schachtii BCN Beet Cyst Nematode Thin 0 Florimond Desprez Dead Plants Daphné Verdelet DEADP Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESSLUG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Slug Daphné Verdelet Maximum Green Vegetation Cover FCOVERmax Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet very resistant 1 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) Institut Technique de la Betterave BEWGT Daphné Verdelet Beet Weight GEVES/INRA Seedling Growth Base Temperature Daphné Verdelet Tb Seedling Hypocotyl Lengthening Speed (Hyp = 25 Mm) Daphné Verdelet HypSpd GEVES/INRA 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched 5 Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) SeedCoatVol_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Volume GEVES Daphné Verdelet higly susceptible 9 Daphné Verdelet End Use GRIN ENDUSE Daphné Verdelet SPSRH Absent/Present Beets Having Rhizopus Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave 5 intermdiate GRIN MALESTER Male Sterility Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Mean Germination Time MGT Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA SeedCoatRugosity_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Rugosity index Daphné Verdelet 3 intermediate damages BWIDH Florimond Desprez Beet Width Half Daphné Verdelet FELECLS Institut Technique de la Betterave Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOGAME Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Game Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOFLBE Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave BOLT/ Nb Of Bolters/Nb Of Beets Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESPYBE Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Pygmy Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYMILL Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Millipede Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet L GLO Leaf Glossiness Florimond Desprez Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Net Weight/Ha T/HA 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) Mean Seed Coat Thickness GEVES/INRA SeedCoatThick Daphné Verdelet ERW Erwinia Rot Erwinia Rot – Erwinia Betavasculorum Root Rot Erwinia GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet R COL Root Color Florimond Desprez Medium 5 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLLESPMI Summer Number Of Plants With Blate Touched By Spider Mite 4.5 - 7 cm 1 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 weak deficiency 4 11 leaf from regrowth susceptible 7 strong deficiency 2 Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Tb Germ Germination Base Temperature GEVES/INRA SeedCoatFlatness_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Flatness Daphné Verdelet Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 5 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Game Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYGAME Daphné Verdelet non damaged 1 G Fructose + Glucose Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet % SUG 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Lab - Amino Nitrogen Content Of Beet Mush Daphné Verdelet LABAN mM N Lab - Sodium Content Of Beet Mush Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez mM Na Daphné Verdelet LABNA ROGROGRAV Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Rotten Gross Gravity Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYBLLEG Institut Technique de la Betterave Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 Leaf Height LHEIG Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 Strong 7 Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatVol Seed Coat Volume GEVES/INRA medium 5 4 Slight infection (± 10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Spider Mites On Plants SUMNBCOSPMI Institut Technique de la Betterave Institut Technique de la Betterave Ground Cover Rate GC Daphné Verdelet EGermRt Early germination rate GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Surface Area PerispSurfArea_STD GEVES Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet EmbLength3d_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Lenght 3d GEVES/INRA very hard 9 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 SeedlingBcyanin Daphné Verdelet Seedling Betacyanin Content International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatWidth3d Seed Coat Width 3d GEVES/INRA LABGLC Daphné Verdelet Lab - Glucose Content Of Beet Mush Institut Technique de la Betterave General Scoring GEN. Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 10 totally touched leaf EmbSphericity_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Sphericity index Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 Magnesium Deficiency Mg Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 11 leaf from regrowth Sclerotium rolfsii Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez SCLE Standard Deviation Embryo Shape VA3d EmbShapeVA3d_STD GEVES Daphné Verdelet EmbWidth3d_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Width 3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Narrow oblong 5 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) 9 Percentage Of Sugar Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet % S Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Vole Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYVOLE Percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds TWIN Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BolStart Bolting Start Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta 1 White Daphné Verdelet LE/WI Leaf blade : Ratio Length / Width Florimond Desprez PeriEqDiameter Perisperm Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA 4 6 - 8 cm Pink 9 Leaf Undulation L UND Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet No infection 1 Highly multigerm (>5) 4 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet RND M Beet Roundness Mean GEVES/INRA Seed Surface Area Daphné Verdelet SeedSurfArea 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Seed Coat lenght 3d SeedCoatLength3d SPNBPLSYWHGR Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With White Grub Symptoms No infection 1 Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae. GRIN Daphné Verdelet PolymyxaBetae GEVES SeedCoatSpDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat SpDiameter mm Early Vigor Daphné Verdelet EARLY Florimond Desprez 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) Daphné Verdelet CLS GRIN/Florimond Desprez Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) - Cercospora Beticola Percentage Of Invert Sugar Kit Florimond Desprez %IS K Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Blate Pits Due To Mangold Fly SUMNBPLTOMF Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA PeriWidth3d_STD Standard Deviation Persiperm Width 3d Daphné Verdelet 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) very resistant 1 8 fibrous Sugar_beet ontology Fodder_beet ontology Daphné Verdelet MITOPBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets SPNBPLSYNOMO Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Noctuid Moth Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave 2 2 or more colonies, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) Daphné Verdelet WGHLE Weight Of Leaves Institut Technique de la Betterave No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 10 totally touched leaf Daphné Verdelet NIBSC Nirs - Sugar Content Of Beets Institut Technique de la Betterave Purple 5 1 narrow ellipic Rhizomania Yellowing RhizoYellow Daphné Verdelet GRIN 1 very little Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Millipede Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOMILL GEVES PerispVol_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Volume 3 resistant Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOMF Summer Number Of Mangold Flies On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave 0 Immune 11 - 13 cm 4 Immune 0 4 Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) TTFCOVER Institut Technique de la Betterave Thermal time after emergence to reach X% of Green Vegetation Cover Daphné Verdelet Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 3 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 Hairs very parse 3 5 First large brown necrotic spots, spots on one or two leaves (Infection 20%) Number Of Yellow Beets Daphné Verdelet YELNB Florimond Desprez Standard Deviation Seed Coat Surface Area Daphné Verdelet GEVES SeedCoatSurfArea_STD 2 Asynchronous Yellow Leaf Spot (YLS) – Stemphylium beticola YLS Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) Florimond Desprez NUMB. Daphné Verdelet Number BLINK Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Blinkers Daphné Verdelet Root Flesh Coarness International Data Base for Beta FleshCoarness 3 intermediate Gen Ap Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Vole SPNBPLDESVOLE RUSTAUDPC Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Rust AUDPC 0 healthy DBFEMER Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Double Plant At Field Emergence 5 Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) healthy 0 1 No symptom (Infection 0%) LIFEFORM GRIN Daphné Verdelet Life form (ie life cycle) Daphné Verdelet EmbFeretShape3d_STD GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Embryo Feret Shape 3d First coealescing spots on one or two (old) leaves (Infection 20%) 5 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 Circular 3 Beet Yellows Virus BYV Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 FillingRatio Daphné Verdelet Seed Filling Ratio GEVES/INRA 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) Net Weight/Plot Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet KG/PL Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Leaf Hoppers Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOLEH Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Leaf Tunnels Due To Moth Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOLEMO PHYTO Damage By Phytoproducts Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet intermediate 5 RWIDT Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Mean Root Width 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched International Data Base for Beta Beet Shape Daphné Verdelet BeetShape Daphné Verdelet CLBEDIAM Institut Technique de la Betterave Maximum Beet Diameter Class dark 7 Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez PMAUDPC Daphné Verdelet PM Audpc Broad elliptic 4 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 2 SOITARE Daphné Verdelet Soil Tare Evaluation = %TARE Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez WHITE Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Number Of White Beets Slugs Counting Before Sowing SLCOBSO Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 GRIN/Florimond Desprez ROOTSHAPE Root Shape Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet PETWIDMIN GRIN Petiole Width - Minimum GEVES Hour of germination at 10°C HGerm Daphné Verdelet 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA PeriLength3d_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm Lenght 3d SeedCoatShapeVA3d_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Shape VA3d GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Volume EmbVol_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES Embryo Length EmbLength Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA BWIDM Beet Width Max Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 3 Slight leaf curl of the edge of new leaves; pimpling on the veins of the underside of the leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 3 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Daphné Verdelet SeedVol GEVES/INRA Seed Volume 1 High : branched beet Root Aphids [1-4] Daphné Verdelet ROOTAPHID GRIN 1 Very weak Gen Ap Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Bolting Number BOLN Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets After Washing WGHAWA Daphné Verdelet 13 - 15 cm 5 heterogeneous 2 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Number Of Red Beets RED Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BLIST Blistering Sugar Yield Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet S/HA KNa Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet K + Na Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet TOT. Bolters Total Number Daphné Verdelet Number Of Orange Beets ORANG Florimond Desprez 5 moderate white 1 2 Single plants with slight yellowing (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) 7 Strong Cuticle Thickness GRIN CUTICLE Daphné Verdelet 0 - 2 cm 1 WGHBWA Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets Before Washing Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESBLLEG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Aphanomyces Black Leg Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave BACO Black Aphid Counting Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Stem Color International Data Base for Beta StemColor More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 5 Leaf Regrowth Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet REGRO Cluster Fasciation GRIN Daphné Verdelet CLUSTERFAS LPOSI GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Leaf Position Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed (Old leaves starting wilting)(Infection 60%) 7 8 Only a few green leaves - Plot looks dominantly yellow (>80% plants with symptoms)(Infection 80%) 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched Hypocotyl Color Daphné Verdelet HYPOCOTYL GRIN/Florimond Desprez International Data Base for Beta Flowering End Daphné Verdelet FloweringEnd inflorescence half way up 5 GEVES/INRA Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter SeedCoatEqDiameter Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA CotylSrf Cotyledon Surface Area (At 110°Cd) Daphné Verdelet 1 Determinate Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 Daphné Verdelet SMPOL Sm/Pol Institut Technique de la Betterave 9 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms prostrate 9 Daphné Verdelet EmbSpDiameter_STD GEVES Standard Deviation Embryo SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet NICHLOROPPL Nirs - Chlorophyll Quantity In Plot Institut Technique de la Betterave 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 11 leaf from regrowth Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTONOMO Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Noctuid Moth Symptoms 5 Slight stunting, severe leaf curling; less than half of the upper leaf surface visible due to curling; most of the larger leaves still erect - Majority of plants with Score = 5 GEVES/INRA Abnormal seed Abnormal seed Daphné Verdelet More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 3 resistant 5 medium 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) CotylFnlLg GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Cotyledon Final Length (At 110°Cd) 0 <0.1 not branched beet medium 5 highly susceptible 1 Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGHBSO Percentage Of Bigerme In Seeds Florimond Desprez BIGER Daphné Verdelet Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) 7 Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA RadSpd Radicle Lengthening Speed (Root = 20 Mm) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPTBMYV Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Mild Yellowing Luteovirus SEEDSP Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Seed Spacing A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 no nymphs or adults present 1 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 6 Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA SeedCoatEqDiameter_STD No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 1 Institut Technique de la Betterave Technical Length Daphné Verdelet TECHLGT Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) - 95% dead plants 8 50-100% flower 6 GEVES/INRA SeedCoatRugosity Seed Coat Rugosity index Daphné Verdelet 5 multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering >95% of root surface starting to bolt 2 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) - 50% dead plants 5 Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Equivalent Diameter EmbEqDiameter_STD GEVES/INRA 8 Other (specify) entire red 9 DAMP Damping-off complex Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Entire defoliation - caution : regrowth !!! (Infection 100%) 9 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing (>5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 absent 1 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) - 65% dead plants Loss of leaves due to Water stress REFLAIloss Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 4 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Orange 3 Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat lenght 3d GEVES/INRA SeedCoatLength3d_STD PeriWidth3d Daphné Verdelet Persiperm Width 3d GEVES/INRA Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 light green 3 Institut Technique de la Betterave GRAVRLS Daphné Verdelet Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity SPNBPLSYSTNEM Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Stem Nematode Symptoms nymphs present, few adults present 3 TWI M Florimond Desprez Tip Width Mean Daphné Verdelet Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 2 1 untopped with petioles longer than 2 cm Intermediate number of yellowing plants - Plot looks slightly yellow (>20% plants with symptoms)(Infection 20%) 5 Drought Stress Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet DROU Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) 7 Almost no infection (few plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) 2 Daphné Verdelet THE M Top Height Mean Florimond Desprez 2 susceptible 9 100 percent leaf yellowing Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Western Daphné Verdelet SPTBW 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) High Temperatures Suceptibility Daphné Verdelet HeatTol_E INRA International Data Base for Beta StemDiam Stem Diameter Daphné Verdelet Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 Yellow 2 Nirs - Dry Matter Of Beets NIBDM Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 6 Distinct large brown necrotic sppots on most leaves + start coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 7 Strong 1 No damages Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Seed Maturity SeedMaturity Rotten Net Gravity RONETGRAV Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet No deficiency 5 strong stay green 4 no aphid colonies nor wax present 0 Fodder 4 very much 9 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) GRIN Daphné Verdelet ROOTMAGGOT Root Maggot 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOTHR Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Thrips 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Sphericity index GEVES/INRA PeriSphericity 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched More than 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) 7 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 Daphné Verdelet Leaf Betacyanin Pattern International Data Base for Beta LeafBcyanin 5 red vein Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) 6 GEVES/INRA Bigerm seed Bigerm seed Daphné Verdelet several plants left (± 80% plant stand) - 20% dead plants 3 EmbWidth3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Embryo Width 3d 7 First leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity Daphné Verdelet GRAVCLS susceptible 7 4 wounded and bruised WSY White Sugar Yield W&K Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Millipede Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESMILL 1 very resistant 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 4 - 6 cm 3 5 Yellow Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Width Leaf Blade WIBLA Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOBLB Summer Number Of Beet Leaf Bug On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Petiole Width - Maximum GRIN PETWIDMAX 3 intermediate deficiency one colony, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each 1 Standard Deviation Embryo Surface Area GEVES Daphné Verdelet EmbSurfArea_STD 2 2 - 4 cm Remaining leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Infection 80%) 8 Leaf and root veg. 3 Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken NMBREBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Flowering Start FLoweringStart Daphné Verdelet Top Thickness TOTHI Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 3 green No plants left (Infection 100%) 9 All plants have yellow leaves, none have green leaves _ Plot colour dominantly yellow (Infection 100%) 9 L STA Daphné Verdelet Length Leaf Stalk Florimond Desprez Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) 2 circular 3 1 No infection (100% plant stand) PerispSpDiameter Daphné Verdelet GEVES Perisperm SpDiameter mm Fibrous 8 9 No plant left (± 0% plant stand) - 100% dead plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOBLLEG Purple 5 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) 8 Slight infection - Plot still looks green as dominant colour (>10% plants with clear yellow symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 Strong 7 higly susceptible 9 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched Institut Technique de la Betterave FCOVERAUPC Area Under Progress Curve Of FCOVER Over Time Daphné Verdelet 9 Entire defoliation (caution : regrowth !!!) (Infection 100%) 8 a few plants still standing, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 Daphné Verdelet Flowering Pattern – Within plants FLWRPATW GRIN present 1 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched Elliptic 2 Spots on nearly all leaves (Infection 10%) 4 Standard Deviation Seed Coat Width 3d GEVES/INRA SeedCoatWidth3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet GACO Green Apterous Aphid Counting Institut Technique de la Betterave 5 strong vigor Institut Technique de la Betterave Area Under Progress Curve Of LAI Over Time Daphné Verdelet LAIAUPC 5 very strong damages - the whole plot is burned No infection (100% plant stand) 1 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 7 Old leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) 4 Most plants moderately yellowing (<10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) Flesh Color GRIN FLESHCOLOR Daphné Verdelet 5 Very strong Gen Ap STAND Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Stand Homogeneity Narrow elliptic 1 1 little Daphné Verdelet L COL Leaf Color Florimond Desprez No Symptoms - Majority of plants with Score = 1 1 7 Non-swollen 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 8 Many plants with yellowing, only few plants green (>80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESSTNEM Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Stem Nematode Red 4 5 very homogeneous Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds Daphné Verdelet TRIGE weak 3 erect 1 acronym Institut Technique de la Betterave Wireworms counting Daphné Verdelet WIWOCO 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Game Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESGAME 2 yellow / light green Perisperm Volume PerispVol Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA 6 All plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 40%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Daphné Verdelet WGHBSR DeltaTempRad GEVES/INRA Radicle Temperature Delta Daphné Verdelet 4 strong damages 6 Biomass Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 7 FCOVER Institut Technique de la Betterave Green Vegetation Cover Over An Area Daphné Verdelet Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 3 Only a few plants show yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a few yellow plants (Infection 5%) 3 Institut Technique de la Betterave POP Daphné Verdelet Number of Plant / Parcel 5 Most of the plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 20%) 6 red Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Embryo Sphericity index EmbSphericity Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 5 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 3 resistant 2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface]]> 3 intermediate 5 hard 7 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 Stunting, slight yellowing; most leaves becoming prostrate - Majority of plants with Score = 6 6 %FRUC Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet G Fructose intermediate stay green 3 3 Weak 5 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms present 9 3 Yellow Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) 4 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 resistant Increasing number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>40% plants with symptoms)(Infection 40%) 6 7 - 9 cm 2 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 3 spotted Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Younger leaves wilting)(Infection 80%) 8 6 Candy Striped, alternating red and green streaks on bolted flower stalks and larger lateral branches. > 15 cm 6 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) Daphné Verdelet Millipede (Blaniulus guttulatus) Counting Institut Technique de la Betterave MILLCO 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 tender intermediate 3 3 resistant 5 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 2 Indeterminate 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 1 Fertile Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 9 All plants are covered with grey powdery mycellum (Infection 100%) 2 weak stay green 5 intermediate 7 Very hairy 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 2 weak damages 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 White 1 1 highly susceptible tolerant 4 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched All older and younger leaves wilting or dead (Infection 100%) 9 Florimond Desprez SBRA Daphné Verdelet SugarBeet Root Aphid - Phemphigus betae 5 Orange No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Dry Matter Content % DM 7 Large number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>60% plants with symptoms)(Infection 60%) 6 angled topped 7 susceptible 9 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) correctly topped 4 9 irregular Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 EmbSurfArea Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Embryo Surface Area Daphné Verdelet ARF Aphanomyces cochlioides - Foliar Ratings Florimond Desprez intermediate 5 9 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) green / light green 2 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched absent 0 yellow 3 5 hairy 8 The 3, 4 remaing leaves with 50% decayed; other dead (Infection 80%) 3 Multigerm 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Noctuid Moth SPNBPLDESNOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet DMNHA Dry Matter Yield NIR entity Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 1 very resistant 5 > 8 cm Institut Technique de la Betterave Maximum Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image REFLAImax Daphné Verdelet 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 2 Spots on one or two leaves (around 25-50 spots)(Infection 2%) Type Of Root Damage Daphné Verdelet BEDAMA Institut Technique de la Betterave Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) - 35% dead plants 4 3 intermediate 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched Florimond Desprez BETAN Daphné Verdelet Betaine NIR 2 Vein clearing of heart leaves, slight pimpling of veins on the underside of leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 2 Root vegetable 2 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched intermediate 5 undertopped with no petioles 3 leaf from regrowth 11 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 Glabrous - hairs completely absent 0 7 high Yellow spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) 2 Thick 9 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 Florimond Desprez GERM Daphné Verdelet Germity Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 2 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) Severe stunting, yellowing; leaves prostate and some leaves dead - Majority of plants with Score = 7 7 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves (>20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) First coalescing spots on one or twi leaves (Infection 20%) 5 9 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) 3 Several plants show spots on leaves (Infection 5%) intermediate 5 attribute Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOBLB Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Beet Leaf Bug Daphné Verdelet Yellow orange 4 No plant with symptoms (Infection 0%) 1 FELERLS Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot susceptible 2 Twins 3 higly susceptible 9 non-swollen 7 3 bruised 8 Severe infection: few plants surviving, others dead (± 80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 3 low 0 Immune 5 fully bolting < 10% flowering, 10-50% flower Intermediate infection (± 40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 6 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 GRAVPM Institut Technique de la Betterave Powdery Mildew Gravity Daphné Verdelet No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 1 No infection Semi-fertile, more or less dehiscent anthers 2 Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Hypocotyl Temperature Delta DeltaTempHyp Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 Immune 0 Multigerm (2-4) 3 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 1 No infection higly susceptible 9 Medium 5 4 Distinct yellow spots on most leaves but not many brown necrotic spots (Infection 10%) Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 Violet Root Rot (VRR) – Helicobasidium Purpureum Florimond Desprez VRR Daphné Verdelet red purple 7 elliptic 2 Red 3 Several plants with infection (± 5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) 3 1 Monogerm 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 4 tolerant 1 Green Light pink 8 3 weak totally touched leaf 10 healthy 0 A few yellow spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) 3 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) partly monogerm /partly multigerm 2 GRIN Petiole Length - Maximum Daphné Verdelet PETLENMAX highly tolerant 5 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 narrow obtriangular 6 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (around 75-100 spots)(Infection 5%) 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 1 Leaf vegetable nymphs present, no adults present 2 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) - 80% dead plants 7 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched Synchronous 1 > 90% past flowering 7 1 No infection (Infection 0%) 2 White to yellow 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) 3 3 Orange Sugar extraction 5 7 Use unknown intermediate 5 Completely male sterile, black or brown anthers 3 Very strong deficiency 1 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 susceptible 7 No infection 1 < 10% flower 4 red 7 No infection 1 9 - 11 cm 3 4 orange 3 bolting 9 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) 8 higly susceptible 9 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) Red 4 Most leaves moderately curling; more than half of the upper surface of the leaf visible - Majority of plants with Score = 4 4 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 3 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) susceptible 7 absent 1 Length Standard deviation of the perisperm length Perisperm lenght Perisperm SUMNBPLTOSFB method Summer Number of plants touched by striped flea beetle - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk width Measurement of width Leaf Stalk Date of the seed bearer flowering start Flowering start time Flowering start time Plant Scale for Presence Of Embryo Cercospora beticola Susceptibility Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola Fungal disease - Cercospora Beticola Standard deviation of the volume of the embryo Embryo Embryo volume Volume Non Red beet Non Red beet number Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Measurement of width Leaf blade Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade width Measurement of cotyledon temperature Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) mm/h Susceptibility Beet Yellows Virus Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Viral disease - Beet yellows virus Seed coat Seed coat area Area Standard deviation of the external surface area of the seed coat None Observation of seed maturity index Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Measurement of Final Rate Date Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of perisperm shape Root shape in longitudinal section Observation of Root Shape Shape Embryo Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the embryo Embryo Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors White Beets Leaf Betacyanin Pattern scale Observation of Leaf Regrowth Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Estimation of heat tolerance Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. Stemphylium beticola Susceptibility Fungal disease - Stemphylium beticola Susceptibility to yellow leaf spot due to Stemphylium beticola Number Stem Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Stem number Magnesium deficiency Magnesium deficiency Estimation of magnesium deficiency Leaf Measurement of Stem Diameter Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Root Root height Height Measurement of the average 'green above ground part' Measurement of Size Grade Seed size measured using sieves Evaluation of topping quality visually, 1 and 2 are undertopped, 3 and 4 are well topped and 5 and 6 are overtopped Topping Quality Width Root tip Measurement of the average width of broken apical part Tip width Seed coat maximum thickness Standard deviation of the maximum thickness of the seed coat Seed coat Thickness Observation of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when In Soil Measurement of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when harvesting single plants Crown Crown importance Measurement of the importance of the crown Importance Measurement of weight of leaves weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Computation of rotten net gravity Susceptibility to root rot due to Polymyxa betae Fungal disease - Polymyxa betae Polymyxa betae Susceptibility h Estimation of matter content predicted with FT-NIR Soluble dry matter content predicted with FT-NIR on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample Susceptibility to downy mildew due to Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Fungal disease - Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Susceptibility Non White beet Number Non White beet number Number of beets by color not in root color trait unitless cm Score of Susceptibility to Rust Plot Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Stand homogeneity Population Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root length Measurement of Mean Root Length Susceptibility to beet cyst nematode due to Heterodera schachtii Pests - Heterodera Schachtii Heterodera schachtii Susceptibility Root gross yield Root Productivity - Root gross yield Gross yield Seed Shattering Seed shattering None Susceptibility to root maggot due to Tetanops myopaeformis Pests - Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility Tetanops myopaeformis Observation of Cuticle Thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle (consult with IIRB) Juice purity Juice Purity Juice purity of a brei sample representative from the whole plot Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Pink Beets Diameter of single beet top Measurement of Beet Top Diameter Computation of Seedling Growth Base Temperature Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Measurement of embryo width The width of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Root Weight Productivity - Root net weight Root net weight Observation General appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Fungal disease - General scoring Plot Germination time Seed Germination time Time of the germination of the seed Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature Hypocotyl temperature Temperature Hypocotyl Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by striped flea beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESFLBE method SPTBMYV method Absent/Present beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september Temperature Radicle temperature Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature Radicle Counting the number of monogerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of monogerm seeds Percentage of monogerm seeds kg The length of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Measurement of seed coat length Computation of perisperm equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the perisperm Number of beets with break diameter less or equal to 2 cm relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Computation of Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Absent/Present Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the embryo Diameter Embryo Embryo equivalent diameter Invert sugar content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Estimation of content predicted by FT-NIR SPTBYV method Absent/Present beets touched by beet yellow virus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september Root ring Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Color Ring color Shape Beet shape Shape of the beet Root Leaf stalk length Leaf stalk Length Leaf stalk length on a group of single plants Measurement of weight of Root Neck Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root neck Root Measurement of the importance of branched beet Branched beet Branched Measurement of embryo length The length of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Observation of below ground of a group Root Color Root color below ground of a group of single plants Beet length between top and tail Beet length Root Length Estimation of Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Ditylenchus dipsaci Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci Pests - Ditylenchus dipsaci Susceptibility SPNBPLTOWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESWHGR and SPNBPLSYWHGR The ratio of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed Filling rate Seed filling ratio Seed °C Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Total number of bolting plants Bract Distribution Scale Cotyledon Temperature Cotyledon temperature Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature Width Seed coat Seed coat width Standard deviation of the seed coat width Topping Productivity - Topping quality Evaluation of topping quality visually Quality Color Leaf blade Average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Leaf blade color Fructose content in root Root Free fructose content of root measured Fructose content Trigerm Percentage of trigerm seeds in a seed sample Seed Seed quality count unit Measurement of the volume of the empty space in the seed The volume of the empty space in the seed measured in mm3 Root weight Root Weight Single beet weight constituted by top Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the perisperm Sphericity index Perisperm Perisperm sphericity index Spring / Emergence Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSLUG and SPNBPLSYSLUG SPNBPLTOSLUG method Length Embryo Embryo length Standard deviation of the embryo length µg/cm² leaf External surface area of the seed coat measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the seed coat Type Of Beet scale SPSRCRR method Absent/Present beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot - evaluated at the end of summer Observation of flowering time Stages of seed bearer flowering Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by aphanomyces black leg on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESBLLEG method The width of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Measurement of seed coat width Evaluation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Betacyanin content Leaf Leaf betacyanin pattern Perisperm sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of perisperm sp diameter Sum of Free Fructose and Glucose (g/100g Fresh matter) Computation of Free Fructose and Glucose Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Yellow-orange beet number Non Yellow-orange beet Susceptibility to root rot due to Erwinia Betavasculorum Susceptibility Bacterial disease - Erwinia Betavasculorum Erwinia Betavasculorum Seed coat sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of seed coat sp diameter Seed coat flatness Flatness Standard deviation of the flat surface of the seed coat Seed coat Observation of leaf position Determination of the average of leaf position on a group of single plants Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by top Measurement of weight Of Top Maximal length of the embryo extracted from the virtual embryo skeleton and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Computation of Embryo Length Susceptibility to Erysiphe Susceptibility Erysiphe Fungal disease - Erysiphe betae Measurement of on early germination Rate Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Spring Population Spring population Plan population 400°Cd after sowing Beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot Rhizoctonia symptoms Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia Root Scale for Flowering Pattern within plants Sucrose content measured by polarimetry on Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Percentage of Sugar Content Susceptibility Root maggot Pests - Root maggot Susceptibility to root maggot SUMNBPLTONOMO method Summer Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Stem Color scale Individual seed mass Mesasurement of seed mass Counting of millipede guttulatus Count of millipede in a parcel SPTBW method Absent/Present beets touched by beet western - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september External surface area of the hole seed measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of seed Surface Area Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESFLBE and SPNBPLSYFLBE SPNBPLTOFLBE method Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Weight of beets before soil removal for the entire plot Susceptibility to Root Maggot Observation of Root Maggot susceptibility Number Green apterous aphids Counting of green apterous aphids Pests - Green aphid Measurement of the presence of embryo Automatic detection of the presence of embryo. Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 2D X-Ray. Number of plants with sugar beet rust pustules - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Number of plant with white grub symptoms White grub symptoms Pests - White grub Number of plant Root width Root Width Measurement of the average root width Determination of the percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds Counting the number of trigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of trigerm seeds % Productivity - White sugar yield Yield White sugar White sugar yield calculated Leaf blade Leaf blade glossiness Glossiness Average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Estimation of dry matter yield Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content predicted by FT-NIR Height of top of the beet Measurement of Top Thickness Plant Flowering time Flowering time Stages of seed bearer flowering Root Maggot susceptibility scale Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus Root Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Hairiness Leaf hairiness Leaf Presence of hairiness of leaf surface Aphanomyces cochlioides susceptibility scale Effect Heterogeneity of growth due to soil structure or soil depth Soil Soil effect Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCF and SPNBPLSYCF SPNBPLTOCF method Computation of Germination Base Water Potential Water potential threshold value under which germination does not occur Mean Observation of lifeform Life form of the accession Summer Number of blate pits due to mangol fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOMF method Seed Bearer Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Mesurement of Betaine content by HPLC Betaine content mesured by HPLC on frozen brei sample Potassium and sodium content in the root Potassium and sodium content in root Root Potassium and sodium content Observation of Root Aphids susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Aphids Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content measured by refractometer Computation of dry matter yield Seed Abnormal Abnormal seed Percentage of abnormal seeds in a sample Measurement of the perisperm volume Volume of the perisperm measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Flesh Flesh coarness Coarness Evaluation of flesh coarness Observation of Stem Color Color of the inflorescence stem Growth rate Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Radicle lengthening speed Radicle Beet Cyst Nematode Susceptibility scale Flesh color Flesh Main color of flesh Color Aphanomyces Root Rot susceptibility scale mm Measurement of sodium content of beet mush Root Sodium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Leaf Damage by powdery mildew Damage by powdery mildew Fungal disease - Powdery Mildew Scale for Beet Position In Soil Width Beet width Root Maximal diameter Computation of quality index with Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization / quantity of extractable sugar - Formula including Invert sugar (glucose) Observation of Rhizomania susceptibility Susceptibility to Rhizomania scored by the yellowing of the canopy; 0 is none and 9 is most yellowing. Leaf hoppers Pests - Leaf hoppers Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers Number of plant Perisperm Perisperm volume Standard deviation of the volume of the perisperm Volume Spring / Emergence Number of plant with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYCENTI method Shape Seed coat Shape Seed coat Standard deviation of the shape factor of the seed coat Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample Intern crown eroded Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth Number of plant Pests - Moth Classification of root by diameter Class of the diameter of the root at the point of break in cm for single beet Empty space volume Standard deviation of the volume of the empty space in the seed Volume Empty space Bolting plant count Number Bolting plant Count of bolting plants for a whole plot Petiole Color scale Hypocotyl Color Hypocotyl pigmentation Hypocotyl color Maturity None Seed maturity Seed Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms Pests - Stem nematode Stem nematode symptoms Number of plant Green vegetation AUPC of green vegetation cover Cover Green vegetation cover (FCOVER) evolution Observation of blistering Visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants (whole microplot) of the leaf blade Determination of ploidy Determination by flux cytometer of the level of ploidy Hairiness scale Measurement of Invert sugar content Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Fungal disease - Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility Macrophomina Phaseolina AUDPC : Under curve area of RUST gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of RUST Root Position Part of the root which exceeds the soil Beet position in soil Number of bolting plants for thousand plants at 1500°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2500°Cd and 3000°Cd after sowing Counting of bolting plant Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Germination rate Seed Germinating power g/100g of fresh matter Spring / Emergence Number of plant with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYVOLE method Pests - Pygmy beetle Number of plant Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms Pygmy beetle symptoms Volume of the embryo measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of the embryo volume Number Non Orange beet Non Orange beet number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESGAME and SPNBPLSYGAME SPNBPLTOGAME method Estimating the percentage of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed in % Computation of seed's filling ratio SPNBPLTOSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSTNEM and SPNBPLSYSTNEM Sodium content Root Sodium content in root Root sodium content Scoring the general appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Observation of general appearance of the plot Seed coat thickness Seed coat Thickness Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh Perisperm Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the perisperm Perisperm Shape Measurement of mutigermicity Visual inspection to observe wether one, two or more glomerules are sticked together into one glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Susceptibility Viral disease - Rhizomania Susceptibility to Rhizomania Rhizomania Area Cotyledon area Cotyledon Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth Phytoproducts damage Leaf Foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Phytoproduct damage Embryo Presence Presence of embryo Automatic detection of the presence of embryo Measurement of nitrogen in leaves Quantity of nitrogen in leaves - measured in laboratory Observation of foliar damages by phytoproducts Scoring of foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Green vegetation Cover Green vegetation cover Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Counting of Curly top Curly Top Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Presence Fungal disease - Cercospora Cercospora nests Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Stem color Color of the inflorescence stem Color Stem Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Measurement of hypocotyl lengthening speed Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Estimation of green pixels An Area g/m² leaf Calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery (in m²/m²) Evaluation of total foliar surface Embryo sphericity index Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the embryo Sphericity index Embryo Area Seed Seed area External surface area of the hole seed measured Field emergence quality Plant Computation of field emergence quality Emergence quality Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus susceptibility sclN Number of plants with powdery mildew spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew Root gross yield calculated in t/ha Computation of root gross yield Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Mesure of germinating power Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by crane-fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESCF method Productivity - Root dry matter yield Root Dry matter yield Root dry matter yield estimated by FT-NIR SPNBPLDESCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by centipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Degree of male sterility Degree of male sterility Grain germination time Seed Germination time Germination time Temperature threshold value under which germination does not occur Computation of germination Base Temperature Observation of seed shattering None Estimation of Ditylenchus dipsaci susceptibility Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci - plot-basis score based on the number of root presenting symptoms (stunting, swelling and rotting) Embryo Sphere Diameter Length Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the embryo Embryo Susceptibility Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia solani Susceptibility to root rot due to Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani Mineral Deficiency scale Observation of Leaf Height Determination of the plant height on a group of single plants Weight Root gross weight Productivity - Root gross weight Root Number of mangol flies on plants Mangol flies Pests - Mangold fly Number Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Computation of Ratio Length / Width of leaf blade Measurement of cotyledon final length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Computation of seed coat flatness index Surface flatness measures how flat is the surface of seed coat Germity scale Estimation of Rhizoctonia Solani Susceptibility Susceptibility to Rhizoctonia root rot mm² General growth type and/or use type. Observation of type Of Beet Beet Shape scale Leaf cuticle Thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle Cuticle thickness Sugar yield calculated in t/ha Computation of sugar yield SPNBPLDESSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by stem nematode on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Number of plant Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug Pests - Beet leaf bug Leaves stinged Susceptibility Sclerotium rolfsii Susceptibility to root rot due to Sclerotium rolfsii Fungal disease - Sclerotium rolfsii Leaf Damage by Ramularia Damage by Ramularia Fungal disease - Ramularia Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Percentage of bolters Number of leaves Leaf number Leaf Number ‰ Weight of beets after soil removal for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal Computation of the roundness average by the ratio Length / Width 1/2 after max (measured in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - Higher the ratio is, less round the beet is. Computation of Beet Roundness Mean Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Red Beets Productivity - Soil proportion in raw beet weight Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight Proportion Soil Length Measurement of the average root length Root Root length Estimation of Inflorescence cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster fasciation Measurement of petiole length among Length Minimum Mean minimum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Computation of root net yield Root net yield calculated in t/ha Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility scale Hypocotyl lengthening speed Growth rate Hypocotyl Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Dry matter content of leaves Total dry matter content of leaves Leaf Dry matter content Estimation of root aphids susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Aphids Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Measurement of radicle lengthening speed SPNBPLDESWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by white grub on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Bolting plant number Bolting plant Number of bolting plants for thousand plants after sowing Number mg Susceptibility Fusarium Susceptibility to Fusarium Vascular disease - Fusarium Regrowth Leaf regrowth Leaf Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Soluble dry matter content measured on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample with a refractometer - In °Brix Measurement of dry Matter Content Mean maximum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole length among Length Maximum Spring / Emergence Number of plant with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYSLUG method Mean minimum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole width among Width Minimum Branched Beet scale Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms Number of plant Aphanomyces black leg symptoms Pests - Aphanomyces black leg Pests - Vole Vole symptoms Number of plant Number of plant with vole symptoms SUMNBCOSFB method Summer Number of striped flea beetle on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot due to Stemphylium beticola Estimation of Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average width of broken apical part Measurement of Tip Width Mean Seed spacing Distance Seed Measurement of seed spacing Summer Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCONOMO method Root color Color Root color below ground of a group of single plants Root Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Pink beet number Non Pink beet Productivity - Plant stay green Evaluation of the average plant stay green Plant Greeness AUDPC of RLS AUDPC : Under curve area of RLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Normal Seed Percentage of normal seeds in a sample Normal seed Beet size Root Size Beet size as the ratio of max on min beet width Measurement of the abnormal seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerulus is abnormal either by an embryonic malformation or by a perisperm defect . The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Length Seed coat Sphere Diameter Seed coat Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the seed coat Observation of Leaf Color Determination of the average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Pests - Game Number of plant with game symptoms Number of plant Game symptoms Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Dry matter predicted by a NIRS Length Petiole length Minimum petiole length among plants Petiole None Observation of beet shape Computation of Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Number of beets with topping class [1], [2], [5] or [6] relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Measurement of Soil Humidity Humidity of soil in % Root Rot Erwinia scale Proportion Productivity - Rotten gravity Rotten root Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Estimation of Black Aphanomyces Cochlioides Susceptibility to Black Root (Aphanomyces cochliodes). Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the perisperm Perisperm Length Perisperm SpDiameter Estimation of Rhizomania Rhizomania Susceptibility to Rhizomania - 1st, 2nd and 3rd notation Ratio Number of blinkers at level plot due to sensitive plant to rhizomania Counting of blinkers Measurement of French Top Mean Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of the crown - The higher the number is, the more the crown tare is. Summer Number of leaf tunnels due to moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOLEMO method Measurement of matter Matter Content Total dry matter content of leaves t/ha Weight of a single beet without leaves Productivity - Beet weight Root Weight Life form scale Gravity Fungal disease - Rust Rust Rust gravity evolution glucose of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Measurement of glucose content of beet mush Growth of plants under heat condition and rate the tolerance Plant Heat stress tolerance HeatTol Heat stress tolerance Spring / Emergence Number of plant with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYMILL method Perisperm Diameter Perisperm equivalent diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the persiperm Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms Number of plant Pests - Crane-fly Crane-fly symptoms Susceptibility Susceptibility to Phoma betae Phoma betae Fungal disease - Phoma betae Computation of the rugosity index of the seed coat Surface characterization of the Seed Coat Invert sugar content in root Root Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit Sugar content Number of rotten beets Number Rotten beet number Rotten root Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th notation Counting of Cercospora beticola Bolting start time Beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Bolting Start time Beet roundness Roundness Root Beet roundness Leaf chlorophyll quantity Canopy Chlorophyll content Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves Evaluation of the average plant stay green Evaluation of the average plant stay green Susceptibility to root aphids Susceptibility Root aphids Pests - Phemphigus betae Fungal disease - Uromyces betae Susceptibility Susceptibility to rust due to Uromyces betae Uromyces betae Root alpha-amino nitrogen content measured by Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of alpha-amino nitrogen content of beet mush SPSHS method Absent/Present beets having symptoms due to Heterodera Schachtii - confirmed by cysts on radicles - evaluated regularly on plants between start of july and end of september External surface area of the perisperm measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the perisperm Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of embryo shape Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content evolution Leaf AUPC Chlorophyll Summer Number of beet leaf bug on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOBLB method Grain germination Mutigermicity Seed Germination Seed coat equivalent diameter Seed coat Diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the seed coat Observe the growth of plants per plot and rate the heterogeneity due to soil structure or soil depth Estimation of soil effect Measurement of the seed coat volume Volume of the seed coat measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Phemphigus betae susceptibility scale End Use scale Measurement of radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C in Eloncam Measurement of radicle length mm3 Determination of the beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Observation of Bolting Start Seed Empty seed Percentage of empty seeds in a sample Empty Computation of embryo equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the embryo SUMNBCOMO method Summer Number of moth on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Cercospora Beticola susceptibility scale Drought Stress scale Pests - Centipede Number of plant with centipede symptoms Centipede symptoms Number of plant Ploidy scale Fungal disease - Aphanomyces cochlioides Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility to black root due to Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility Computation of white sugar content in the root Percentage of white sugar in the root at plot scale Measurement of germination hour in Eloncam Hour of germination at 10°C in Eloncam Estimation of Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Foliar surface touched by ramularia leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing SPNBPLSYFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Susceptibility to Sclerotium root rot Estimation of Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility SPNBPLSYBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Loss of leaves (LAI) Loss of leaves due to water stress : reference measure based on an image to evaluate total foliar surface Loss Leaf Flowering pattern within plants Observation of flowering pattern within plants Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of branched beet - The higher the number is, the more forked the root is. Measurement of Branched Beet Measurement of weight Of Beets After Sorting Weight of beets after sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Summer Number of spider mites on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOSPMI method Leaf blade Leaf blade ratio Ratio Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Summer Number of thrips on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOTHR method Wilting scale Observe the plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress at plot scale Observation of the plant wilting Leaf Leaf wilting under drought stress Drought stress Drought stress susceptibility Seed coat Seed coat lenght Standard deviation of the seed coat length Length None Observation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Scale for Maximum Beet Diameter Class Evaluation of LAI Evaluation of LAI loss : 0 if no loss to -1 if 100% loss White sugar content in the root White sugar content in root White sugar content Root Measurement of perisperm width The width of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Esitimation of Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Measurement of potassium content of beet mush Root Potassium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot mEq/100g of fresh matter Pests - Striped flea beetle Number of striped flea beetle on plants Striped flea beetle Number Stem Diameter Stem diameter Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Observation of Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Smoothness Root Measurement of the average root groove Smoothness Measurement of free Fructose content Free Fructose content of root measured on brei (g/100g Fresh matter) Rhizopus symptoms Root Fungal disease - Rhizopus Beets having rhizopus symptoms Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Seed Germination final rate Germination rate Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae Observation of Polymyxa betae susceptibility Spring / Emergence Number of plant with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by vole on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESVOLE method Leaf area index (LAI) evaluated by NIRS Leaf Area index Leaf area index (LAI) LAI Quantity of chlorophyll in canopy Chlorophyll quantity in leaf (in microgram/cm² of leaf) calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery Estimation of Pseudomonas aptata susceptibility Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Embryo width Embryo Standard deviation of the embryo width Width Downy Mildew Susceptibility scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYPYBE method Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing virus Susceptibility Susceptibility to beet mild yellowing Virus Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Male fertility Male flower Sterility Degree of male sterility None undefined High Temperatures Suceptibility scale Counting of hors Yellow-Orange Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Computation of feret shape value of the embryo Embryo shape characterisation index Perisperm Width Persiperm width Standard deviation of the perisperm width Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Observation of the leaf blade Observation Blistering Leaf blade Noctuid moth caterpillars Pests - Noctuid moth caterpillars Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants Number Flowering Time scale Pests - Root aphids Susceptibility to root aphids Root aphids Susceptibility Computation of the thicknesses of the seed coat mesh Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh, measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Counting the number of plantlets with green hypocotyl after germinating test of a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of green hypocotyl Determination of the percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Flower bract Distribution Importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Bract distribution Standard deviation of the diameter of the embryo corresponds to the maximum extent in a given direction Embryo feret shape Embryo Shape Estimation of Yellows Virus Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Integral of the logistic curve using the population countings at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd Computation of field emergence quality Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESMILL and SPNBPLSYMILL SPNBPLTOMILL method Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight - calculated on 5 samples of 100 beets Computation of Soil Tare Evaluation Leaf Manganese deficiency Manganese deficiency Estimation of manganese deficiency Petiole width Minimum petiole width among plants Width Petiole Under progress curve area of Chlorophyll content evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of Chlorophyll Nitrogen content Leaf nitrogen quantity Canopy Quantity of nitrogen in leaves (in g/m²) Susceptibility to Black Foliar [Aphanomyces cochliodes]. Estimation of Black Foliar Ratings Fungal disease - Verticillium Susceptibility Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Verticillium wilt SPNBPLSYCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Root damage Root Damange Evaluation of root damages visually Observation of Hypocotyl pigmentation Hypocotyl pigmentation SUMNBPLTOTHR method Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by thrips - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SPNBPLTOBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESBLLEG and SPNBPLSYBLLEG Leaf blade Leaf blade width on a group of single plants Width Leaf blade width Fungal disease - Ramularia beticola Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Susceptibility Ramularia beticola Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root width Measurement of Mean Root Width Leaf position Average of leaf position on a group of single plants Leaf Position Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESVOLE and SPNBPLSYVOLE SPNBPLTOVOLE method Slug symptoms Number of plant with slug symptoms Pests - Slugs Number of plant Germination rate Early germination rate Seed Early count of percentage of germinated seeds SPNBPLDESPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by pygmy beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Number Total Bolting plant count Bolting plant Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Damping-off complex Susceptibility to seedling disease due to soil-borne fungi (Aphanomyces cochlioides, R. solani, Pythium spp., Phoma betae) Plant wilting Wilting Plant Plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity scale Counting of bolters First, second, third and fourth count of bolting plants for a whole plot Shape Root Root shape in longitudinal section Root shape Millipede guttulatus Pests - Blaniulus guttulatus Counting of millipede guttulatus Number Computation of Ground Cover Rate Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves around 15th of May, 25th of May and 06th of June - using a photography vertically taken Alpha-amino nitrogen content in root Alpha-amino nitrogen content Root alpha-amino nitrogen content Root Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCENTI and SPNBPLSYCENTI SPNBPLTOCENTI method Cumulative thermal time to reach 50% of germination Sum of daily mean temperature minus the base threshold value (germination base temperature Tbgerm) which is necessary from sowing to reach fifty percent germination. Number of plant with AB217 symptoms Pests - Millipede Number of plant Millipede symptoms Broken beets Percentage of beets not much broken Root Broken Fusarium Susceptibility scale Leaf Glossiness scale Leaf area index evaluated by NIRS Computation of leaf Area Index Observation of rings color Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Scale for Stand Homogeneity Beet Yellows Virus scale Hypocotyl Color scale Susceptibility to Violet Root [Helicobasidium purpureum] Observation of violet root rot susceptibility Counting the number of plants in a plot Counting Susceptibility Bacterial disease - Pseudomonas aptata Pseudomonas aptata Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Computation of white sugar yield White sugar yield calculated in t/ha. Beet Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility Viral disease - Chlorosis Virus Measurement of Smoothness Score Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root groove - The closer the number is to 9, the smoother the root is Number of plant Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth Pests - Noctuid moth Perforated leaves Rhizomania Yellowing susceptibility scale Color of petiole Color Petiole color Petiole General growth type and/or use type Productivity - Plant target use Use Plant Measurement of free Glucose content by HPLC Free Glucose content of root measured on frozen brei sample (g/100g Fresh matter) by HPLC Male Sterility scale m²/m² Glucose content Glucose content of beet mush Glucose content in root Root Estimation of manganese deficiency Observe the Manganese Deficiency The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the seed coat Computation of seed coat equivalent diameter Embryo sp diameter measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of embryo sp diameter Measurement of gross weight Root gross weight / microplot in kg/ha Charcoal Root Rot susceptibility scale Susceptibility Fungal disease - Helicobasidium purpureum Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility to violet root due to Helicobasidium purpureum Leaf blade Undulation Leaf blade undulation Average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Determination of the average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Glossiness Area index Leaf area index (LAI) evolution AUPC of leaf area index LAI Leaf AUDPC : Under curve area of CLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of CLS Erysiphe betae susceptibility scale Counting of green apterous aphids Number of green apterous aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Bigerm Bigerm seed Seed Percentage of bigerm seeds in a seed sample Counting of Slugs Before Sowing Number of slugs on 0.25 sqm using traps - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Sugar content (saccharin) of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Measurement of sugar content of beet mush Topping quality scale Observation of Erwinia rot susceptibility Susceptibility to Erwinia Rot Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Computation of Radicle Temperature Delta Dead plant Number Dead plant number Count the number of dead plants for a whole plot Weight of beets after washing for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Washing Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESNOMO and SPNBPLSYNOMO SPNBPLTONOMO method Root net weight / microplot in kg/ha Measurement of net weight Leaf weight Weight Leaf Weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) A measure of how closely the shape of the perisperm resembles that of a perfect sphere Computation of the sphericity index of the perisperm Embryo Area Standard deviation of the external surface area of the embryo Embryo area Free fructose and glucose onfresh matter Root Fructose and glucose content in root Fructose and glucose content °Cdays Root Shape scale Estimation of Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola - 1st and 2nd notation Susceptibility to Erysiphe - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Estimation of Susceptibility to Erysiphe Damage by sugar beet rust Damage by sugar beet rust Leaf Fungal disease - Sugar beet rust Leaf stalk width Leaf stalk width on a group of single plants Leaf stalk Width Under progress curve area of LAI evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of LAI Estimation of Sugar content of beet Sugar content of beet predicted by a NIRS A measure of how closely the shape of the embryo resembles that of a perfect sphere Computation of the sphericity index of the embryo Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Percentage Bolting plant Bolting percentage Measurement of Beet Width Half Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the diameter located at the half of the root under the max diameter SPNBPLSYNOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Plant Vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Vigor Early vigor Volume Seed Total volume of the seed measured Seed volume Productivity - Plant productivity Population Plot population Plot SPNBPLDESNOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade length Measurement of lenght Leaf Blade Cuticle Thickness scale Counting of hors Orange Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Root Dry matter content Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Dry matter content in root Summer Number of mangol flies on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOMF method Number of dead plants for a whole plot Counting of Dead Plants Evaluation of root damages visually. Wounded referes to significant mass loss. Bruised referes to scratched surface, visible crack with no mass loss. Wounded and bruised are both Observation of Type Of Root Damage Measurement of soil humidity Soil Humidity Humidity Soil Blistering scale Number of spider mites on plants Spider mites Pests - Spider mites Number Betaine content in root Root Betaine content Betaine content by FT-NIR Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Observation of Verticillium wilt susceptibility Susceptability to Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii) Estimation of Beet Cyst Heterodera Schachtii Estimation of magnesium deficiency Observe the Magnesium Deficiency 1 + Alter, Magnesium Deficiency 2 + Alter Observation of Hairiness of leaf surface Hairiness of leaf surface Area Perisperm area Standard deviation of the external surface area of the perisperm Perisperm Leaf Height scale Estimation of Beet Yellowing Virus Susceptibility to Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Ditylenchus Dipsaci susceptibility scale Ring Color scale Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Measurement of cotyledon surface area Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Washing Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Scale for Stay green variable_of Root Rot Susceptibility scale Number of blate pits due to mangod fly with indication of maggot presence or not per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of blate pits Measurement of petiole width among Width Maximum Mean maximum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk length Measurement of length Leaf Stalk Number Counting of blate pits Pests - Pegomyia betae Blate pits Observation of Main color of flesh Observation of Main color of flesh The maximum thickness of all the measured points on the seed coat in millimeters (mm) Measurement of the maximum thicknes of the seed coat Observation of flowering pattern between plants Flowering pattern between plants Quantity of nitrogen in canopy Quantity of nitrogen in canopy - predicted using a NIRS Computation of Hypocotyl Temperature Delta Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the seed coat Seed coat rugosity index Rugosity index Seed coat Plant life cycle state Life form Plant Plant life forme (ie life cycle) state : annual, biannual, perenial… SUMNBPLLESPMI method Summer Number of plants with blates touched by spider mites - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Counting of Double Plant At Field Emergence Number of plants doubled at field emergence : if 2 plants are spaced less than 0.5 * normal distance between 2 seeds - counted at 200°Cd after sowing Number of crane-flies on 0.25 sqm using traps with bait - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Counting of Crane-fly Before Sowing Curly top virus susceptibility scale Date of the seed bearer flowering start Observation of the Flowering Start Mpa Number of thrips on plants Pests - Thrips Number Thrips Root aphids susceptibility scale 1 Measurement of seed coat shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of Content of betacyanin in the beet None Leaf Color scale Double plant Number Count the number of double plants at field emergence Double plant number Size Seed Seed size Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape Counting of black aphids Number of black aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Susceptibility to Fusarium - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Estimation of Fusarium Susceptibility Observation of Color of petiole Observation of Color of petiole Countind of frozen beets Observe the plants per plot under frost condition and count the number of frozen beets Computation of quality index without Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization /quantity of extractable sugar - Formula without Invert sugar (glucose) Estimation of Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Foliar surface touched by sugar beet rust evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Plant height on a group of single plants Height Leaf height Leaf Ramularia beticola susceptibility scale Seedling Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Growth Seedling growth Measurement of Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Rotten parts of beets are cut and weighed together Measurement of seed spacing Mean spacing between seeds measured on a line of 10 seeds Estimation of flesh coarness None Computation of Mean Germination Time Calculated as: Σ (n T)/ Σ n, where n = number of seeds newly germinated at time T; T = hours from the beginning of the germination test, Σ n = final germination. Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by millipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESMILL method Non Yellow beet number Non Yellow beet Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Scale for Seedling Betacyanin Content SPNBPLDESGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by game on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Potassium content Root potassium content Potassium content in root Root Root Sugar yield Productivity - Beet sugar yield Beet sugar yield Beet diameter Root Class of the maximum diameter of single beet Diameter Measurement of top Height Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average 'green above ground part' Susceptibility to seedling disease Soil fungal disease Susceptibility Seedling disease Measurement of perisperm length The length of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Estimation of Powdery Mildew Gravity Foliar surface touched by powdery mildew evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Measurement of Beet Width Max Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the maximal diameter Height of top of the beet Top beet thickness Top root Thickness Early vigor scale Foliar surface touched by cercospora leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity Root Color scale Measurement of the normal seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule has only a single embryo and a perisperm without any malformation or defects. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Seed Shattering scale SUMNBPLTOBLB method Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Estimation of early vigor Observe the vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Number of rotten beets on samples of 160 beets break down to percentage Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage External surface area of the embryo measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the embryo Determination of the percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Counting the number of genetic twins seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of twins Root Sugar content in root Quality index with invert sugar Sugar content Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity scale Scale for Type Of Root Damage Observation of the Flowering End Date of the seed bearer flowering end Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by slug on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESSLUG method Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Number of plants with cercospora leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (if no treatment - If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Seed Seed mass Individual seed mass Mass Leaf blade Leaf blade length on a group of single plants Length Leaf blade length Blinkers Viral disease - Blinkers Counting of blinkers Number Inflorescence cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster Cluster fasciation Fasciation Total fresh matter yield of leaves Computation of Fresh Matter Yield of leaves Summer Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOCRMO method Powdery Mildew Gravity scale Under progress curve area of FCOVER evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of FCOVER Root Beet western Beets touched by beet western Viral disease - Beet western Counting of Stem Number Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Phytoproducts damages scale Rotten root Productivity - Rotten beet weight Rotten beet weight Weight Observation of Bract Distribution Description of the importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Plant population after sowing Number Plant Number of plants after sowing Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Number of plants with ramularia leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Count the number of frozen beets Cold stress damage Plant Cold stress damage Ploidy Plant Plant ploidy level Determination of ploidy level Presence of Cercospora nests Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Sugar Beet Rust Gravity scale Cotyledon length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth Length Cotyledon Damping-off complex scale Estimation of Rust Susceptibility Susceptibility to Rust (Uromyces betae) at plot level - 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th notation Number of plants / parcel counted at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd thermal time after sowing Counting of number of plant after sowing Beet Chlorosis Virus susceptibility scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESPYBE and SPNBPLSYPYBE SPNBPLTOPYBE method Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves - measured in laboratory Measurement of chlorophyll in leaves Measurement of the empty seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule is empty and therefore does not contain an organ. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Productivity - Root net yield Net yield Root net yield calculated Root Score leaf wilting per plot under drought stress Estimation of drought stress susceptibility AUDPC : Under curve area of PM gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of PM Radicle length 7 days after the seed germination Radicle Length Radicle length Observation of root maggot using de Lee Campbell Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility to root maggot using de Lee Campbell disease scoring scale Counting the number of bigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of bigerm seeds Determination of the percentage of Bigerme In Seeds Multigermicity scale Scale for Flowering Pattern between plants Date of the seed bearer flowering end Flowering end time Flowering end time Plant Weight of beets before sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Phoma Betae Susceptibility scale Beet Mild Yellowing Virus susceptibility scale Rhizoctonia Solani susceptibility scale Productivity - Weight Of Beets Weight Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Plot Number of beets with topping class Number Topped beet number Topped root Classification of root by maximum diameter Class of the maximum diameter of single beet in cm Flesh Color scale Productivity - Leaf fresh matter yield Total fresh matter yield of leaves Leaf Fresh matter yield Spring / Emergence Number of plant with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYGAME method Stemphylium beticola susceptibility scale Counting of leafs None Curly top Susceptibility Viral disease - Curly top virus Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Ratio Max Width / Width 1/2 after max (meausred in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - High = cylindric beet; Low = conical beet Computation of Beet Size Mean Observation of Root Aphid susceptibility Susceptibility to root aphid scoring at harvest presence of aphid colonies on the outside of the beet root in combination with presence of wax using the Hutchinson and Campbell disease scoring scale Pseudomonas aptata scale Violet Root Rot susceptibility scale Determination of juice purity Estimation of juice purity from the 'Wieniger & Kubadinov' formula based on impurity (K, Na and Alpha-N) and sucrose contents Number Counting of wireworms Wireworms Pests - Wireworms General scoring scale Tetanops myopaeformis susceptibility scale Seed coat volume Seed coat Standard deviation of the volume of the seed coat Volume Summer Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOLEH method Black aphids Number Pests - Black aphid Counting of black aphids Time of reach x% of germination Time to reach x% of the total number of seeds, x = 10 to 90 Measurement of Beet Diameter Maximum diameter of single beet Ground coverage by plant leaves Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves Leaf Ground coverage Absent/Present beets having rhizopus symptoms - evaluated at the end of summer SPSRH method Flesh Coarness scale Sum of Potassium and Sodium content in the root Computation of Potassium and Sodium content Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Yellow Beets Leaf Regrowth scale Determination of the average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Undulation Measurement of seed volume Total volume of the seed measured in cubic millimeter (mm3) Beet length between top and tail Measurement of Technical Length Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Computation to estimate seed size Leaf Position scale Susceptibility to Phoma betae Estimation of Susceptibility to Phoma betae Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root herself Measurement of weight of Root method_of AUDPC of SBR AUDPC : Under curve area of SBR gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Weight of rotten beets parts relative to gross weight of beets Computation of rotten gross gravity Counting of wireworms Count of wireworms in a parcel Seedling Betacyanin Content Betacyanin content in seed Seedling Betacyanin content Measurement of the bigerm seed Visual inspection to observe if two embryo present in a single glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Scale for Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Leaf Undulation scale scale_of Weight of a single beet without leaves Measurement of beet weight Root aphids susceptibility scale 2