Area Under Progress Curve Of FCOVER Over Time Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave FCOVERAUPC 9 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image REFLAI Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave WGTPOTO Weight Proportion Of Top Daphné Verdelet GERM Florimond Desprez Germity PeriLength3d Perisperm Lenght 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 8 Remaining leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Infection 80%) 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) SugarBeet Root Maggot - Tetanops myopaeformis Florimond Desprez SBRM Daphné Verdelet % SUG Florimond Desprez G Fructose + Glucose Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Equivalent Diameter PeriEqDiameter_STD EARLY Daphné Verdelet Early Vigor Florimond Desprez Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESVOLE Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Vole GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Radicle Lengthening Speed (Root = 20 Mm) RadSpd GREEN Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Stay Green Cluster Fasciation Daphné Verdelet GRIN CLUSTERFAS SPTBYV Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Yellow Virus Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Empty seed Empty seed Spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) 3 Daphné Verdelet Number of Plant / Parcel Institut Technique de la Betterave POP BOLC Florimond Desprez Bolters Counting Daphné Verdelet Yellow spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) 2 GR/HA Gross Weight/T Per Ha Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez GEVES/INRA Perisperm Surface Area Daphné Verdelet PerispSurfArea Summer Number Of Thrips On Plants SUMNBCOTHR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet PHYTO Florimond Desprez Damage By Phytoproducts Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet KNa Florimond Desprez K + Na Lab- Sugar Content Of Beets Mush LABSC Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet attribute Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina CRR Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet LeafFreshMat Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Leaf Fresh Matter Yield mM K Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Lab - Potassium Content Of Beet Brei sample LABK Daphné Verdelet PerispVol GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Volume almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) - 10% dead plants 2 Weight Of Beets After Washing WGHAWA Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Number Of Yellow-Orange Beets Daphné Verdelet YORNM 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 3 light green No infection (100% plant stand) 1 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 7 susceptible StemColor Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Stem Color Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Leaves WGHLE Cuticle Thickness Daphné Verdelet CUTICLE GRIN SeedCoatVol_STD GEVES Standard Deviation Seed Coat Volume Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Spider Mites On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOSPMI PETLENMAX Petiole Length - Maximum Daphné Verdelet GRIN International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Seed Maturity SeedMaturity GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Empty Space Volume EmptyVolume Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity GRAVCLS RWIDT Mean Root Width Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Seed Coat Maximum Thickness Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatMaxThickness GEVES/INRA Root Shape ROOTSHAPE Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez Institut Technique de la Betterave LAIAUPC Daphné Verdelet Area Under Progress Curve Of LAI Over Time Fusarium Fusarium Yellows – Fusarium Oxysporum & Secorum FUSA GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) 9 EmbSpDiameter_STD GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo SpDiameter mm Cotyledon Surface Area (At 110°Cd) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet CotylSrf Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 2 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Mean Root Length RLEN Daphné Verdelet SM/POL-IS Florimond Desprez Molasse Sugar (F) / % Sugar Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPRPOP Spring Population Daphné Verdelet GRIN Type Of Beet TYPE 1 present Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Millipede SPNBPLDESMILL Most of the plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 20%) 5 RRR Rhizoctonia Root Rot (RRR) – Rhizoctonia Solani Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez 5 fully bolting < 10% flowering, 10-50% flower GRIN/Florimond Desprez Heterodera Schachtii Beet Cyst Nematode (Bcn) – Heterodera Schachtii Daphné Verdelet Beet Cyst Nematode BCN Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 Beet Width Max BWIDM Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Lab - Nitrogen Quantity In Leaf Daphné Verdelet LANILE Institut Technique de la Betterave BEWGT Beet Weight Daphné Verdelet intermediate Gen Ap 3 WGHBSO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets Before Sorting 4 Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) SPNBPLDESWHGR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By White Grub 1 No infection Daphné Verdelet Length Leaf Stalk L STA Florimond Desprez Seed Volume GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedVol 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms Daphné Verdelet LeafNb Leaf Number International Data Base for Beta BETAH Daphné Verdelet Betaine HPLC Florimond Desprez FCOVERmax Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Maximum Green Vegetation Cover Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet ROGROGRAV Rotten Gross Gravity little 1 All plants have yellow leaves, none have green leaves _ Plot colour dominantly yellow (Infection 100%) 9 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) EmbFeretShape3d Embryo Feret Shape 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Erwinia Rot Daphné Verdelet Erwinia Rot – Erwinia Betavasculorum ERW GRIN/Florimond Desprez Root Rot Erwinia High : branched beet 1 HypSpd GEVES/INRA Hypocotyl Lengthening Speed (Hyp = 25 Mm) Daphné Verdelet 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 Ring Color Daphné Verdelet RINGCOLOR GRIN 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet WHIL Wilting Florimond Desprez Standard Deviation Seed Coat Flatness SeedCoatFlatness_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Black Root – Aphanomyces Cochlioides Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez Aphanomyces Root Rot (Arr) – Aphanomyces Cochlioides ARR intermediate stay green 3 Florimond Desprez Rust AUDPC RUSTAUDPC Daphné Verdelet Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 2 or more colonies, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface 2 3 weak Smoothness Score Mean Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SMO M Embryo Lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet EmbLength3d GEVES/INRA Curly Top Virus CTOP Daphné Verdelet Curly Top GRIN/Florimond Desprez Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Maximum Beet Diameter Class CLBEDIAM SPNBPLSYGAME Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Game Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet LPOSI GRIN/Florimond Desprez Leaf Position Daphné Verdelet Beet Width Half BWIDH Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet GEVES Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Shape VA3d PerispShapeVA3d SUMNBCOMF Summer Number Of Mangold Flies On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet StemNb Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Stem Number Presence Of Embryo EmbPres GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Spacing Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SEEDSP 2 A few spots in the plot (Infection 2%) Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Game Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESGAME Florimond Desprez BYV Beet Yellows Virus Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGHASO Weight Of Beets After Sorting 8 The 3, 4 remaing leaves with 50% decayed; other dead (Infection 80%) GRIN PETWIDMIN Petiole Width - Minimum Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave BACO Black Aphid Counting Daphné Verdelet WIBLA Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Width Leaf Blade Number Of Red Beets Daphné Verdelet RED Florimond Desprez GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Temperature Sum To Reach 50% Germination SumTemp50pctGerm EGermRt Daphné Verdelet GEVES Early germination rate intermediate vigor 3 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) - 50% dead plants No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 1 SOIL Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Soil Effect Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Crane-Fly SPNBPLDESCF Pink 9 GEVES/INRA Embryo Surface Area Daphné Verdelet EmbSurfArea 5 multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering >95% of root surface 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) GACO Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Green Apterous Aphid Counting 1 No infection EmbShapeVA3d_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Shape VA3d GEVES Daphné Verdelet Sugar_beet ontology Fodder_beet ontology Daphné Verdelet Ground Cover Rate Institut Technique de la Betterave GC PerispSpDiameter GEVES Daphné Verdelet Perisperm SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave LABGLC Lab - Glucose Content Of Beet Mush Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 4 9 bracts to the top rosette stadium 1 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 5 DM Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Downy Mildew (DM) – Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYNOMO Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Noctuid Moth Symptoms PolymyxaBetae Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae. Daphné Verdelet GRIN 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet CABAUPC Area Under Progress Curve Of Chlorophyll Over Time 7 red Seedling Growth Base Temperature GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Tb Seedling wounded 2 SeedCoatLength3d_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat lenght 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Damping-off complex Daphné Verdelet DAMP 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Sphericity index EmbSphericity_STD 2 Yellow Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) - Cercospora Beticola Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez CLS SOIHUM Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Soil Humidity Embryo Shape VA3d GEVES Daphné Verdelet EmbShapeVA3d ROOTAPHID Daphné Verdelet GRIN Root Aphids [1-4] Millipede (Blaniulus guttulatus) Counting Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet MILLCO 7 Strong resistant 3 SUMNBPLTOTHR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Thrips 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 GRIN/Florimond Desprez PM Powdery Mildew (PM) – Erysiphe betae Daphné Verdelet yellow / light green 2 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina - Foliar Ratings CRRF healthy 0 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms SPNBPLTOBLLEG Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave PeriLength3d_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Lenght 3d 3 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) SPNBPLDESSLUG Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Slug Institut Technique de la Betterave Slight stunting, severe leaf curling; less than half of the upper leaf surface visible due to curling; most of the larger leaves still erect - Majority of plants with Score = 5 5 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) SPNBPLSYBLLEG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 2 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) resistant 3 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatRugosity Seed Coat Rugosity index Daphné Verdelet Maximum Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image Institut Technique de la Betterave REFLAImax > 15 cm 6 GEVES Standard Deviation Perisperm Volume PerispVol_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Multigerm seed Multigermicity Florimond Desprez PINK Daphné Verdelet Number Of Pink Beets 4 orange Daphné Verdelet GRAVRLS Institut Technique de la Betterave Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity 9 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 7 All plants are covered with light white mycellum (Infection 60%) mM Na LABNA Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Lab - Sodium Content Of Beet Mush Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez RND M Beet Roundness Mean Daphné Verdelet SMPOL Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Sm/Pol SUMNBPLTOSFB Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Striped Flea Beetle Slight to intermediate infection (± 20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 5 Florimond Desprez BMYV Daphné Verdelet Beet Mild Yellowing Virus RLSAUDPC Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) Audpc Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmbEqDiameter_STD Florimond Desprez L COL Daphné Verdelet Leaf Color Seed Filling Ratio FillingRatio GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet NMBREBE Florimond Desprez Root Color Daphné Verdelet R COL Determinate 1 5 pink Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGTPORN Weight Proportion Of Root Neck Pseudomonas aptata Daphné Verdelet PSEU Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Bigerme In Seeds BIGER Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet FLWRPATW Flowering Pattern – Within plants GRIN Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) - 35% dead plants 4 Daphné Verdelet Top Thickness TOTHI Institut Technique de la Betterave Nb Of Bolters/Nb Of Beets Daphné Verdelet BOLT/ Florimond Desprez Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Vole Symptoms SPNBPLTOVOLE Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOBLB Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Beet Leaf Bug Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave NILAI Nirs Leaf Area Index Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Stem Diameter Daphné Verdelet StemDiam Summer Number Of Striped Flea Beetle On Plants SUMNBCOSFB Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 1 No symptom (Infection 0%) Standard Deviation Perisperm Sphericity index GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet PeriSphericity_STD Embryo Volume GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbVol 4 Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) Twins 3 PeriWidth3d Persiperm Width 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet FLoweringStart International Data Base for Beta Flowering Start Daphné Verdelet 1 No infection (100% plant stand) SUMNBCOBLB Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Beet Leaf Bug On Plants 5 strong stay green Nirs - Dry Matter Of Beets Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet NIBDM absent 1 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedMass Seed Mass Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGHBWA Weight Of Beets Before Washing Mg Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Magnesium Deficiency 5 intermediate Daphné Verdelet Bract Distribution International Data Base for Beta BractDistrib Bolting Number BOLN Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 1 Monogerm PLOI Daphné Verdelet GRIN Ploidy Dead Plants Daphné Verdelet DEADP Florimond Desprez Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) - 80% dead plants 7 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez SOITARE Daphné Verdelet Soil Tare Evaluation = %TARE 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) Florimond Desprez NEST Nest Of Cercospora Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet L BLA Length Leaf Blade Florimond Desprez Flesh Color Daphné Verdelet GRIN FLESHCOLOR heterogeneous 2 Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESPYBE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Pygmy Beetle Daphné Verdelet 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 circular 3 Fibrous 8 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal WGHBSR RhizoYellow Rhizomania Yellowing Daphné Verdelet GRIN Daphné Verdelet Number NUMB. Florimond Desprez Institut Technique de la Betterave SBRAUDPC Sbr Audpc Daphné Verdelet Yellow 5 Summer Number Of Plant With Perforated Leaves Due To Noctuid Moth Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTONOMO 0 Immune 10 totally touched leaf medium 5 resistant 3 Severe stunting, yellowing; leaves prostate and some leaves dead - Majority of plants with Score = 7 7 weak damages 2 BLIST Blistering Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez LEAFHAIR Daphné Verdelet GRIN Leaf Hairiness Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 7 Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Sphericity index PeriSphericity GEVES/INRA TODIAM Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Beet Top Diameter 8 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Content NIR DMNIR Daphné Verdelet 3 tender Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of White Sugar % WS Florimond Desprez 5 intermediate low 3 Seed Coat Volume SeedCoatVol GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 Powdery Mildew Gravity Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GRAVPM 11 leaf from regrowth PM Audpc Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez PMAUDPC Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Persiperm Width 3d PeriWidth3d_STD GEVES/INRA Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) 6 7 semi-prostrate 8 Light pink Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave BEDAMA Type Of Root Damage Florimond Desprez WHITE Daphné Verdelet Number Of White Beets Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) - 65% dead plants 6 Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Stem Nematode Symptoms SPNBPLTOSTNEM Daphné Verdelet higly susceptible 9 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Institut Technique de la Betterave DBFEMER Daphné Verdelet Double Plant At Field Emergence several plants left (± 80% plant stand) - 20% dead plants 3 5 First coealescing spots on one or two (old) leaves (Infection 20%) SPNBPLTOWHGR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With White Grub Symptoms SUMNBPLTOMF Summer Number Of Blate Pits Due To Mangold Fly Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet nymphs present, mant adults present 4 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 Daphné Verdelet ORANG Florimond Desprez Number Of Orange Beets susceptible 2 Embryo Width 3d EmbWidth3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Sugar Beet Rust Gravity GRAVSBR Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Of Rhizoctonia Crown And Root Rot Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPSRCRR Daphné Verdelet WISTA Width Leaf Stalk Florimond Desprez 3 Red 9 - 11 cm 3 Florimond Desprez KG/PL Daphné Verdelet Net Weight/Plot %IS K Percentage Of Invert Sugar Kit Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Circular 3 Daphné Verdelet GRIN MALESTER Male Sterility 9 higly susceptible SeedCoatSurfArea Seed Coat Surface Area Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched Tip Width Mean TWI M Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez Hypocotyl Color HYPOCOTYL 6 red Florimond Desprez TWIN Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Large number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>60% plants with symptoms)(Infection 60%) 7 Topping Quality Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet TOPQUAL 1 very resistant 5 intermediate Florimond Desprez G Glucose Daphné Verdelet %GLUC Daphné Verdelet RPOSI OCVV/International Data Base for Beta Beet Position In Soil GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Lenght 3d EmbLength3d_STD Florimond Desprez T/HA Daphné Verdelet Net Weight/Ha Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Striped Flea Beetle SPNBPLDESFLBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 5 > 8 cm Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 hairy 5 Nirs - Nitrogen Quantity In Plot Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave NINIPL BNYVV Florimond Desprez Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus (BNYVV) Rhizomania Daphné Verdelet 6 narrow obtriangular Daphné Verdelet mM N LABAN Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Lab - Amino Nitrogen Content Of Beet Mush 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) weak 3 1 Very heterogeneous GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Cotyledon Temperature Delta DeltaTempCot Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Invert Sugar Venema Florimond Desprez %IS V Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Having Rhizopus Symptoms SPSRH 0 - 2 cm 1 More than 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) 7 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Rugosity index SeedCoatRugosity_STD Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Due To Heterodera Schachtii SPSHS Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Centipede Symptoms SPNBPLSYCENTI Loss of leaves due to Water stress Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave REFLAIloss STAND Stand Homogeneity Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet End Use ENDUSE GRIN 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 3 Leaf and root veg. Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGHROBE Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Abnormal seed Abnormal seed Phoma Betae Florimond Desprez PHOMA Daphné Verdelet intermediate damages 3 7 > 90% past flowering GEVES/INRA Hypocotyl Temperature Delta DeltaTempHyp Daphné Verdelet GRIN PETIOLECOL Petiole Color Daphné Verdelet PerispShapeVA3d_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm Shape VA3d GEVES Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYFLBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatEqDiameter_STD TECHLGT Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Technical Length 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) 5 overtopped with under half of max diameter bundle rings visible GEN. Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez General Scoring 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 11 leaf from regrowth Mean Seed Coat Thickness SeedCoatThick Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Game Symptoms SPNBPLTOGAME Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Dry Matter Content Daphné Verdelet % DM Florimond Desprez Weight Proportion Of Root Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGTPORO Daphné Verdelet GR/PL Gross Weight/Plot Florimond Desprez GEVES/INRA Bigerm seed Daphné Verdelet Bigerm seed GEVES Daphné Verdelet EmbSpDiameter Embryo SpDiameter mm Germination Base Temperature GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Tb Germ 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 9 very much tolerant 4 Very weak vigor 1 Daphné Verdelet SugarBeet Root Aphid - Phemphigus betae Florimond Desprez SBRA 3 2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface]]> Florimond Desprez DM/HA Daphné Verdelet Dry Matter Yield 9 Plant dead - Majority of plants with Score = 9 Florimond Desprez LE/WI Leaf blade : Ratio Length / Width Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOMO Summer Number Of Moth On Plants 2 nymphs present, no adults present 3 intermediate Florimond Desprez BChV Beet Chlorosis Virus Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave CFCOBSO Crane-Fly Counting Before Sowing Florimond Desprez Bolters Total Number Daphné Verdelet TOT. EmbSphericity Embryo Sphericity index Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA PeriEqDiameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Equivalent Diameter Stunting, slight yellowing; most leaves becoming prostrate - Majority of plants with Score = 6 6 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet GRIN Flowering Pattern – Between plants FLWRPATB Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Shape VA3d SeedCoatShapeVA3d_STD GEVES W & K Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Juice Purity W&K 8 Many plants with yellowing, only few plants green (>80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) Daphné Verdelet LHEIG Florimond Desprez Leaf Height A couple of plants with slight yellowing (>5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) 3 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms SPNBPLSYPYBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOCF Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Crane-Fly Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave HeatTol_E INRA Daphné Verdelet High Temperatures Suceptibility Florimond Desprez Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) - Ramularia beticola RLS Daphné Verdelet Hour of germination at 10°C GEVES Daphné Verdelet HGerm 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 5 Very strong Gen Ap Orange 3 Monogerm and multigerm mixed 2 1 No infection Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESSTNEM Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Stem Nematode 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) BRANC Daphné Verdelet Branched Beet Florimond Desprez Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet MAGNE Manganese Deficiency 4 Red Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet FELEPM Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 BETAN Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Betaine NIR 1 No infection (100% plant stand) Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Embryo Length EmbLength Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez CLSAUDPC Daphné Verdelet Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) Audpc Daphné Verdelet Leaf Betacyanin Pattern LeafBcyanin International Data Base for Beta Several plants with infection (± 5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) 3 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) SPNBPLTOPYBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms GEVES RadLg Radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet THE M Top Height Mean A single plant shows yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a single yellow plant (Infection 2%) 2 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Beet Stem Nematode – Ditylenchus Dipsaci BSN 5 Purple 4 Slight infection (± 10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) All plants are covered with grey powdery mycellum (Infection 100%) 9 Daphné Verdelet FROST Florimond Desprez Frozen Beets intermediate 3 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Noctuid Moth Symptoms SPNBPLTONOMO 2 Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 MITOPBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets very resistant 1 3 green 4 strong vigor International Data Base for Beta BolStart Daphné Verdelet Bolting Start Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Mild Yellowing Luteovirus Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPTBMYV 9 prostrate 4 < 10% flower 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) Immune 0 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Width 3d SeedCoatWidth3d Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Millipede Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOMILL 9 Entire defoliation (caution : regrowth !!!) (Infection 100%) Daphné Verdelet %FRUC G Fructose Florimond Desprez 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 10 totally touched leaf Daphné Verdelet VERT Florimond Desprez Verticillium SeedCoatSpDiameter Seed Coat SpDiameter mm GEVES Daphné Verdelet Monogerm 1 FELESBR Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 8 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) Leaf Glossiness Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet L GLO Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Empty Space Volume EmptyVolume_STD Seed Shattering International Data Base for Beta SeedShattering Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet GRIN Root Maggot ROOTMAGGOT Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds HYPGR Florimond Desprez GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet GermFnlRt Germination Final Rate All plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 40%) 6 5 Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) 2 Spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) green / light green 2 strong deficiency 2 SPNBPLSYMILL Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Millipede Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOFLBE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms 4 11 - 13 cm Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) 7 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) Rust – Uromyces Betae Daphné Verdelet RUST Florimond Desprez non-swollen 7 WGHASR Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Drought Stress Daphné Verdelet DROU Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCONOMO Summer Number Of Noctuid Moth Caterpillars On Plants 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 4 - 6 cm 3 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Vole Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYVOLE Daphné Verdelet weak stay green 2 1 very resistant bolting 3 Completely male sterile, black or brown anthers 3 highly susceptible 1 1 White Germination Base Water Potential GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet PSI b Germ intermediate 5 SUMNBPLLESPMI Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plants With Blate Touched By Spider Mite Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Stem Nematode Symptoms SPNBPLSYSTNEM Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 1 No plant with symptoms (Infection 0%) Other (specify) 8 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Size Grade SeedGrade 8 A few plants still standinf, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 9 Entire defoliation - caution : regrowth !!! (Infection 100%) 6 Distinct large brown necrotic sppots on most leaves + start coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) Standard Deviation Embryo Feret Shape 3d EmbFeretShape3d_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Width 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbWidth3d_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Surface Area GEVES Daphné Verdelet EmbSurfArea_STD Cotyledon Final Length (At 110°Cd) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet CotylFnlLg 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 Narrow triangular 6 highly tolerant 5 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) Radicle Temperature Delta GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet DeltaTempRad Semi-fertile, more or less dehiscent anthers 2 dark 7 Daphné Verdelet Violet Root Rot (VRR) – Helicobasidium Purpureum VRR Florimond Desprez 0 no leaf yellowing 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) 7 First leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) intermediate 5 narrow oblong 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 SPNBPLSYWHGR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With White Grub Symptoms YELNB Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Number Of Yellow Beets 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) SPNBPLTOSLUG Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Slug Symptoms GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat lenght 3d SeedCoatLength3d 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) Multigerm 3 Standard Deviation Seed Coat SpDiameter mm GEVES SeedCoatSpDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet Virtual Seed Size Grade VirtualSeedGrade GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Maximum Beet Diameter Institut Technique de la Betterave BEDIAM 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 WIWOCO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Wireworms counting 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 Root Flesh Coarness International Data Base for Beta FleshCoarness Daphné Verdelet Distincts spots on most leaves but not coalescing (Infection 10%) 4 SeedCoatWidth3d_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Width 3d Florimond Desprez Sugar Yield Daphné Verdelet S/HA Increasing number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>40% plants with symptoms)(Infection 40%) 6 SeedCoatEqDiameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter 2 partly monogerm /partly multigerm Spots on nearly all leaves (Infection 10%) 4 RONETGRAV Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Rotten Net Gravity elliptic 2 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet NICHLOROPPL Nirs - Chlorophyll Quantity In Plot 0 healthy Synchronous 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 0 no aphid colonies nor wax present Root Aphids ROOTAPHIDS Daphné Verdelet GRIN FELERLS Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOLEH Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Leaf Hoppers 3 resistant Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave CLDIAMBRE Red 4 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) - 95% dead plants 8 angled topped 6 1 No infection Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez REGRO Leaf Regrowth 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) All plants are covered with thick white mycellum (Infection 80%) 8 Field Emergence Quality Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet FIEMERQUAL No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 No infection (Infection 0%) 1 No deficiency 5 SPNBPLTOCENTI Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Centipede Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) 9 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 6 International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Beet Shape BeetShape 5 very homogeneous Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 7 susceptible resistant 3 9 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESNOMO Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Noctuid Moth Daphné Verdelet 4 multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering 50 to 95% of root surface 4 strong damages Pink 2 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched Florimond Desprez BSI M Daphné Verdelet Beet Size Mean 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Intermediate number of yellowing plants - Plot looks slightly yellow (>20% plants with symptoms)(Infection 20%) 5 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) No infection 1 PETLENMIN Daphné Verdelet Petiole Length - Minimum GRIN 1 White 1 Fertile Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 Daphné Verdelet GRIN PETWIDMAX Petiole Width - Maximum 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 5 moderate 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) Daphné Verdelet Flowering End FloweringEnd International Data Base for Beta SeedlingBcyanin Daphné Verdelet Seedling Betacyanin Content International Data Base for Beta First large brown necrotic spots, spots on one or two leaves (Infection 20%) 5 Sugar extraction 5 very little 1 weak vigor 2 white 1 Orange 3 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 Narrow elliptic 1 WSY Florimond Desprez White Sugar Yield W&K Daphné Verdelet 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plant With Eroded Intern Crown - Moth Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOCRMO Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Surface Area PerispSurfArea_STD GEVES SCLE Sclerotium rolfsii Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched One embryo 2 very strong damages - the whole plot is burned 5 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 1 one colony, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each Only a few green leaves - Plot looks dominantly yellow (>80% plants with symptoms)(Infection 80%) 8 Institut Technique de la Betterave FEROBE Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Daphné Verdelet 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched Multigerm (2-4) 3 Standard Deviation Embryo Volume Daphné Verdelet GEVES EmbVol_STD More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 2 starting to bolt EmbEqDiameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Embryo Equivalent Diameter a few plants still standing, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 8 1 No infection (100% plant stand) Most plants moderately yellowing (<10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 Broad elliptic 4 LeafDryMat International Data Base for Beta Leaf Dry Matter Content Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESCENTI Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Centipede Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Surface Area SeedCoatSurfArea_STD 4 6 - 8 cm PerispSpDiameter_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm SpDiameter mm GEVES Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave MFCO Daphné Verdelet Mangod Fly (Pegomyia betae) Blate Pits And Maggot Counting Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 International Data Base for Beta Flowering Time FlorweringTime Daphné Verdelet Thermal time after emergence to reach X% of Green Vegetation Cover TTFCOVER Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 3 yellow 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 4 Percentage Of Sugar Daphné Verdelet % S Florimond Desprez absent 0 erect 1 bruised 3 Plants only have green leaves - Plot looks 100% green (Infection 0%) 1 FELECLS Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) Daphné Verdelet BLINK Blinkers Florimond Desprez Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 2 Indeterminate Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 2 Almost no infection (few plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) 2 susceptible Yellow orange 4 absent 0 0 Glabrous - hairs completely absent Florimond Desprez YLS Yellow Leaf Spot (YLS) – Stemphylium beticola Daphné Verdelet No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 No plants left (Infection 100%) 9 5 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Nirs - Sugar Content Of Beets NIBSC Daphné Verdelet Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) susceptible 7 Normal seed Daphné Verdelet Normal seed GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet LACHLOROLE Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Lab - Chlorophyll Quantity In Leaf = CHLO1 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 9 All older and younger leaves wilting or dead (Infection 100%) Seed Surface Area SeedSurfArea GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet 5 intermdiate 4 correctly topped Slugs Counting Before Sowing Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SLCOBSO SPNBPLDESBLLEG Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Aphanomyces Black Leg DMNHA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Yield NIR White 1 resistant 3 9 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOLEMO Summer Number Of Leaf Tunnels Due To Moth Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 4.5 - 7 cm 1 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed (Old leaves starting wilting)(Infection 60%) 7 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 5 First coalescing spots on one or twi leaves (Infection 20%) SPTBW Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Western 8 Severe infection: few plants surviving, others dead (± 80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) Leaf vegetable 1 fibrous 8 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched SPNBPLSYSLUG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Slug Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 5 Medium 100 percent leaf yellowing 9 SPNBPLSYCF Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Crane-Fly Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 1 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Green Vegetation Cover Over An Area FCOVER 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 0 Immune 3 Several plants show spots on leaves (Infection 5%) Daphné Verdelet FRT M Florimond Desprez French Top Mean 4 Highly multigerm (>5) A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 susceptible 7 11 leaf from regrowth No infection 1 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched MGT Mean Germination Time GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds TRIGE Daphné Verdelet 2 Elliptic 1 very tender 4 broad elliptic Non-swollen 7 tolerant 4 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Younger leaves wilting)(Infection 80%) 8 present 9 some present on the lower part 1 Old leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) 7 Immune 0 Very hairy 7 2 Asynchronous 1 very resistant very resistant 1 2 Root vegetable 13 - 15 cm 5 5 medium semi-erect 3 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 5 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Tx% Time To Reach X% Of Germination 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 4 strong stay green 5 highly tolerant SeedCoatShapeVA3d GEVES Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Shape VA3d 4 Most leaves moderately curling; more than half of the upper surface of the leaf visible - Majority of plants with Score = 4 ARF Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Aphanomyces cochlioides - Foliar Ratings 10 totally touched leaf Thin 0 5 intermediate SeedCoatMaxThickness_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Maximum Thickness weak deficiency 4 Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 3 Mixed 4 2 7 - 9 cm 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (> 100 pots and rust spores starting to develop)(Infection 10%) 11 leaf from regrowth Institut Technique de la Betterave GEPOW Germinating Power Daphné Verdelet 1 Very weak Gen Ap 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 Green 1 7 Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) Weak 3 Daphné Verdelet RadFnlLg Radicle Final Length (At 110°Cd) GEVES/INRA 6 Candy Striped, alternating red and green streaks on bolted flower stalks and larger lateral branches. Yellow 3 intermediate 5 irregular 9 Immune 0 6 Biomass 7 Strong Only a few plants show yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a few yellow plants (Infection 5%) 3 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 1 very resistant 5 strong vigor 10 totally touched leaf 3 A few yellow spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) entity Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 1 absent Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched intermediate deficiency 3 Intermediate infection (± 40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 6 1 No wilting (Wilting 0%) Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 9 higly susceptible No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 1 weak 3 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) Empty 1 2 Yellow 3 Hairs very parse LIFEFORM Life form (ie life cycle) Daphné Verdelet GRIN Use unknown 7 Narrow oblong 5 Very strong deficiency 1 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 undertopped with petioles shorter than or equal to 2 cm 2 inflorescence half way up 5 higly susceptible 9 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) higly susceptible 9 untopped with petioles longer than 2 cm 1 Purple 5 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 0 <0.1 not branched beet Spots on one or two leaves (around 25-50 spots)(Infection 2%) 2 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 2 Vein clearing of heart leaves, slight pimpling of veins on the underside of leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 2 intermediate 5 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Flatness SeedCoatFlatness No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 4 Fodder no nymphs or adults present 1 5 Orange Daphné Verdelet Leaf Undulation Florimond Desprez L UND 2 weak Gen Ap Single plants with slight yellowing (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) 2 No plant left (± 0% plant stand) - 100% dead plants 9 undertopped with no petioles 3 Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) 6 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 1 highly susceptible 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched Strong 7 3 intermediate 1 Very weak stay green very hard 9 No wilting (Wilting 0%) 1 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) All plants severly damaged, no plants green (Infection 100%) 9 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 Distinct yellow spots on most leaves but not many brown necrotic spots (Infection 10%) 4 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 3 spotted 7 susceptible No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 7 Strong 9 entire red healthy 0 healthy 0 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 1 non damaged homogeneous 4 hard 7 medium 5 No damages 1 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves (>20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) No Symptoms - Majority of plants with Score = 1 1 2 - 4 cm 2 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 4 wounded and bruised 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 4 Slight infection - Plot still looks green as dominant colour (>10% plants with clear yellow symptoms) (Infection 10%) 1 narrow ellipic susceptible 7 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) Only the center few whorls of leaves green and alive - Majority of plants with Score = 8 8 high 7 5 Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) nymphs present, few adults present 3 7 red purple Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 Spots on most leaves easely visible (around 75-100 spots)(Infection 5%) 3 50-100% flower 6 9 No plant left (0% plant stand) Slight leaf curl of the edge of new leaves; pimpling on the veins of the underside of the leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 3 3 strong Gen Ap 4 White to yellow 2 medium 5 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) 2 Thick 9 acronym Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 3 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) Medium 5 red vein 5 SUMNBPLTOCRMO method Summer Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of perisperm shape Measurement of Technical Length Beet length between top and tail Perisperm Perisperm area Area Standard deviation of the external surface area of the perisperm Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content evolution AUPC Chlorophyll Leaf Estimation of flesh coarness None Determination of the average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Color scale_of Productivity - Rotten beet weight Weight Rotten beet weight Rotten root Measurement of weight of Root Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root herself Susceptibility to beet cyst nematode due to Heterodera schachtii Heterodera schachtii Susceptibility Pests - Heterodera Schachtii The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the seed coat Computation of seed coat equivalent diameter Weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Weight Leaf weight Leaf t/ha Sodium content in root Root Root sodium content Sodium content Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Measurement of hypocotyl lengthening speed Ratio mm² Branched Branched beet Root Measurement of the importance of branched beet Scale for Beet Position In Soil Maximal length of the embryo extracted from the virtual embryo skeleton and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Computation of Embryo Length Measurement of Smoothness Score Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root groove - The closer the number is to 9, the smoother the root is Computation of root net yield Root net yield calculated in t/ha Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Measurement of cotyledon surface area SPNBPLTOSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSTNEM and SPNBPLSYSTNEM Purity Juice purity Juice Juice purity of a brei sample representative from the whole plot Soluble dry matter content predicted with FT-NIR on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample Estimation of matter content predicted with FT-NIR SUMNBPLLESPMI method Summer Number of plants with blates touched by spider mites - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end count unit Computation of Beet Roundness Mean Computation of the roundness average by the ratio Length / Width 1/2 after max (measured in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - Higher the ratio is, less round the beet is. Computation of Radicle Temperature Delta Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Hypocotyl color Color Hypocotyl pigmentation Hypocotyl Observation of Bract Distribution Description of the importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Seed filling ratio Seed Filling rate The ratio of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed Root Color scale Mpa Sugar content (saccharin) of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Measurement of sugar content of beet mush Sugar content of beet predicted by a NIRS Estimation of Sugar content of beet SPSRCRR method Absent/Present beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot - evaluated at the end of summer Width Petiole Petiole width Minimum petiole width among plants Fungal disease - General scoring Plot General appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Observation Scale for Presence Of Embryo Crown importance Crown Measurement of the importance of the crown Importance Leaf Regrowth scale Loss Loss of leaves due to water stress : reference measure based on an image to evaluate total foliar surface Leaf Loss of leaves (LAI) Single beet weight constituted by top Root weight Weight Root Measurement of seed spacing Distance Seed Seed spacing Susceptibility to Violet Root [Helicobasidium purpureum] Observation of violet root rot susceptibility Seed Normal Normal seed Percentage of normal seeds in a sample Ratio Max Width / Width 1/2 after max (meausred in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - High = cylindric beet; Low = conical beet Computation of Beet Size Mean Observe the vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Estimation of early vigor Cumulative thermal time to reach 50% of germination Sum of daily mean temperature minus the base threshold value (germination base temperature Tbgerm) which is necessary from sowing to reach fifty percent germination. Area Cotyledon Cotyledon area Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth Root net weight / microplot in kg/ha Measurement of net weight Manganese deficiency Leaf Estimation of manganese deficiency Manganese deficiency Counting of Crane-fly Before Sowing Number of crane-flies on 0.25 sqm using traps with bait - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting AUPC of LAI Under progress curve area of LAI evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures mm Sugar Beet Rust Gravity scale Weight Productivity - Beet weight Weight of a single beet without leaves Root Leaf blade undulation Average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade Undulation Early vigor scale Estimation of Rust Susceptibility Susceptibility to Rust (Uromyces betae) at plot level - 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th notation Height Measurement of the average 'green above ground part' Root Root height AUDPC of SBR AUDPC : Under curve area of SBR gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Volume Total volume of the seed measured Seed Seed volume Soil Measurement of soil humidity Soil Humidity Humidity Leaf Betacyanin Pattern scale Measurement of Branched Beet Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of branched beet - The higher the number is, the more forked the root is. Pests - Root maggot Susceptibility Susceptibility to root maggot Root maggot Leaf Undulation scale Computation of Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Number of beets with topping class [1], [2], [5] or [6] relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Height Plant height on a group of single plants Leaf Leaf height Viral disease - Curly top virus Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Susceptibility Curly top Length Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the embryo Embryo Embryo Sphere Diameter unitless Spring / Emergence Number of plant with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYNOMO method Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Observation of Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility Thickness Seed coat maximum thickness Seed coat Standard deviation of the maximum thickness of the seed coat Measurement of length Leaf Stalk Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk length External surface area of the hole seed measured Seed Seed area Area SPNBPLTOBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESBLLEG and SPNBPLSYBLLEG Susceptibility to Erwinia Rot Observation of Erwinia rot susceptibility Estimation of manganese deficiency Observe the Manganese Deficiency Drought stress susceptibility Leaf Leaf wilting under drought stress Drought stress Leaf blade Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade ratio Ratio Temperature threshold value under which germination does not occur Computation of germination Base Temperature Measurement of on early germination Rate Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOBLB method Seed Trigerm Seed quality Percentage of trigerm seeds in a seed sample Germination Mutigermicity Seed Grain germination Leaf Fungal disease - Ramularia Damage by Ramularia Damage by Ramularia Susceptibility to root aphids Root aphids Susceptibility Pests - Root aphids SUMNBPLTOLEH method Summer Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Root Maggot susceptibility scale Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average width of broken apical part Measurement of Tip Width Mean Visual inspection to observe wether one, two or more glomerules are sticked together into one glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of mutigermicity Counting the number of plants in a plot Counting SPNBPLTOGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESGAME and SPNBPLSYGAME Beet Chlorosis Virus susceptibility scale Measurement of glucose content of beet mush glucose of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Leaf blade length Leaf blade length on a group of single plants Length Leaf blade Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves Ground coverage Ground coverage by plant leaves Leaf Visual inspection to observe if the glomerulus is abnormal either by an embryonic malformation or by a perisperm defect . The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the abnormal seed Number of plant Pests - Centipede Number of plant with centipede symptoms Centipede symptoms Root color below ground of a group of single plants Observation of below ground of a group Root Color Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Counting of Stem Number Rotten beet number Rotten root Number of rotten beets Number Ploidy scale Plant Ploidy Determination of ploidy level Plant ploidy level Susceptibility to downy mildew due to Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Fungal disease - Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Susceptibility Total fresh matter yield of leaves Computation of Fresh Matter Yield of leaves Summer Number of mangol flies on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOMF method Measurement of seed coat length The length of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Beets having rhizopus symptoms Rhizopus symptoms Root Fungal disease - Rhizopus Evaluation of LAI Evaluation of LAI loss : 0 if no loss to -1 if 100% loss Phoma betae Fungal disease - Phoma betae Susceptibility Susceptibility to Phoma betae Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by crane-fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESCF method Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Pseudomonas aptata Bacterial disease - Pseudomonas aptata Susceptibility Number of striped flea beetle on plants Pests - Striped flea beetle Number Striped flea beetle Susceptibility Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Susceptibility to beet mild yellowing Virus Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing virus The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the embryo Computation of embryo equivalent diameter Dry matter content in root Dry matter content Root Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Seed coat Seed coat Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the seed coat Shape Susceptibility to yellow leaf spot due to Stemphylium beticola Fungal disease - Stemphylium beticola Stemphylium beticola Susceptibility Counting of hors White Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization /quantity of extractable sugar - Formula without Invert sugar (glucose) Computation of quality index without Invert Sugar Cotyledon temperature Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature Temperature Cotyledon Broken Root Percentage of beets not much broken Broken beets Computation of Mean Germination Time Calculated as: Σ (n T)/ Σ n, where n = number of seeds newly germinated at time T; T = hours from the beginning of the germination test, Σ n = final germination. Root Rot Susceptibility scale Absent/Present Leaf area index evaluated by NIRS Computation of leaf Area Index Estimation of magnesium deficiency Observe the Magnesium Deficiency 1 + Alter, Magnesium Deficiency 2 + Alter method_of Aphanomyces cochlioides susceptibility scale Standard deviation of the shape factor of the perisperm Perisperm Shape Perisperm Shape Embryo shape characterisation index Computation of feret shape value of the embryo g/m² leaf Cover Green vegetation Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Green vegetation cover Perforated leaves Number of plant Pests - Noctuid moth Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Number of plants with ramularia leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non White beet number Non White beet Number Hypocotyl Hypocotyl temperature Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature Temperature None Observation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern % Branched Beet scale Thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle Cuticle thickness Leaf cuticle Estimation of Rhizomania Rhizomania Susceptibility to Rhizomania - 1st, 2nd and 3rd notation Dead plant number Number Dead plant Count the number of dead plants for a whole plot Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Growth rate Radicle lengthening speed Radicle Score leaf wilting per plot under drought stress Estimation of drought stress susceptibility Total number of bolting plants Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root neck Measurement of weight of Root Neck Determination of the percentage of Bigerme In Seeds Counting the number of bigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of bigerm seeds Free Fructose content of root measured on brei (g/100g Fresh matter) Measurement of free Fructose content Stem Stem color Color of the inflorescence stem Color Pests - Millipede Number of plant Millipede symptoms Number of plant with AB217 symptoms Net yield Root Productivity - Root net yield Root net yield calculated Percentage Bolting plant Bolting percentage Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by pygmy beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESPYBE method Susceptibility to Rhizomania Susceptibility Viral disease - Rhizomania Rhizomania Measurement of French Top Mean Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of the crown - The higher the number is, the more the crown tare is. Date of the seed bearer flowering start Observation of the Flowering Start Observation of Polymyxa betae susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae SPNBPLDESVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by vole on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Susceptibility Fungal disease - Verticillium Verticillium wilt Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Estimation of Black Foliar Ratings Susceptibility to Black Foliar [Aphanomyces cochliodes]. Violet Root Rot susceptibility scale Seed coat Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the seed coat Seed coat rugosity index Rugosity index Susceptibility to Root Aphids Estimation of root aphids susceptibility Number of plants with cercospora leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (if no treatment - If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Foliar surface touched by sugar beet rust evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Surface flatness measures how flat is the surface of seed coat Computation of seed coat flatness index Computation of the rugosity index of the seed coat Surface characterization of the Seed Coat Counting of hors Pink Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Count of wireworms in a parcel Counting of wireworms Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Beet Yellows Virus Susceptibility Viral disease - Beet yellows virus Presence Fungal disease - Cercospora Cercospora nests Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Inflorescence cluster fasciation Estimation of Inflorescence cluster fasciation Evaluation of the average plant stay green Evaluation of the average plant stay green Area Standard deviation of the external surface area of the seed coat Seed coat area Seed coat Stem number Number Stem Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Observation of Leaf Regrowth Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Leaf area index (LAI) Leaf area index (LAI) evaluated by NIRS LAI Area index Leaf Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule is empty and therefore does not contain an organ. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the empty seed Standard deviation of the external surface area of the embryo Embryo Area Embryo area °C Countind of frozen beets Observe the plants per plot under frost condition and count the number of frozen beets Double plant number Count the number of double plants at field emergence Double plant Number SPNBPLTOCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCENTI and SPNBPLSYCENTI SPNBPLTONOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESNOMO and SPNBPLSYNOMO Counting of blate pits Number of blate pits due to mangod fly with indication of maggot presence or not per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing None Counting of leafs Measurement of area of the seed coat External surface area of the seed coat measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Counting of Curly top Curly Top Type Of Beet scale Plot population Productivity - Plant productivity Plot Population weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Measurement of weight of leaves Leaf Position scale Seed Germination rate Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Germinating power Root width Measurement of the average root width Root Width Smoothness Smoothness Measurement of the average root groove Root Date of the seed bearer flowering end Observation of the Flowering End Flatness Seed coat flatness Standard deviation of the flat surface of the seed coat Seed coat Fungal disease - Powdery Mildew Damage by powdery mildew Leaf Damage by powdery mildew Charcoal Root Rot susceptibility scale Measurement of nitrogen in leaves Quantity of nitrogen in leaves - measured in laboratory Measurement of petiole width among Width Minimum Mean minimum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Determination of the beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Observation of Bolting Start Root Beet roundness Beet roundness Roundness Leaf blade glossiness Average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade Glossiness Measurement of potassium content of beet mush Root Potassium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Maximal diameter Width Beet width Root Phytoproducts damages scale Susceptibility to Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Estimation of Beet Yellowing Virus Summer Number of leaf tunnels due to moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOLEMO method External surface area of the embryo measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the embryo Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Yellow Beets Leaf Height scale Measurement of cotyledon final length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Esitimation of Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Damange Evaluation of root damages visually Root damage Root Non Orange beet Number Non Orange beet number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Fungal disease - Rust Rust gravity evolution Gravity Rust Leaf Glossiness scale Germity scale Top beet thickness Thickness Height of top of the beet Top root Measurement of Beet Width Half Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the diameter located at the half of the root under the max diameter Sugar content Invert sugar content in root Root Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit Measurement of sodium content of beet mush Root Sodium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Computation of rotten net gravity Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Length Beet length between top and tail Beet length Root Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Hypocotyl Growth rate Hypocotyl lengthening speed Sum of Potassium and Sodium content in the root Computation of Potassium and Sodium content Leaf Dry matter content Dry matter content of leaves Total dry matter content of leaves Thrips Number of thrips on plants Number Pests - Thrips Measurement of embryo sp diameter Embryo sp diameter measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Estimating the percentage of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed in % Computation of seed's filling ratio Seed Bigerm seed Bigerm Percentage of bigerm seeds in a seed sample Bolting start time Bolting Beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Start time Susceptibility to Phoma betae Estimation of Susceptibility to Phoma betae SPNBPLDESMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by millipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Number of plants doubled at field emergence : if 2 plants are spaced less than 0.5 * normal distance between 2 seeds - counted at 200°Cd after sowing Counting of Double Plant At Field Emergence Emergence quality Plant Computation of field emergence quality Field emergence quality AUDPC : Under curve area of RUST gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of RUST Estimation of Fusarium Susceptibility Susceptibility to Fusarium - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation SPNBPLTOVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESVOLE and SPNBPLSYVOLE Viral disease - Blinkers Blinkers Counting of blinkers Number Susceptibility Fusarium Susceptibility to Fusarium Vascular disease - Fusarium Embryo Width Embryo width Standard deviation of the embryo width Measurement of the perisperm volume Volume of the perisperm measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Mesure of germinating power Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola Fungal disease - Cercospora Beticola Susceptibility Cercospora beticola Embryo Embryo feret shape Standard deviation of the diameter of the embryo corresponds to the maximum extent in a given direction Shape SPNBPLSYMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Plant Vigor Early vigor Vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Computation of the sphericity index of the embryo A measure of how closely the shape of the embryo resembles that of a perfect sphere Rotten root Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Productivity - Rotten gravity Proportion Spring / Emergence Number of plant with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYCENTI method Susceptibility Ramularia beticola Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Fungal disease - Ramularia beticola Observation of Leaf Glossiness Determination of the average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf stalk length Length Leaf stalk Leaf stalk length on a group of single plants °Cdays Quality Productivity - Topping quality Evaluation of topping quality visually Topping Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of embryo shape None undefined Damage by sugar beet rust Leaf Fungal disease - Sugar beet rust Damage by sugar beet rust Automatic detection of the presence of embryo. Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 2D X-Ray. Measurement of the presence of embryo Computation of Seedling Growth Base Temperature Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Fructose content Root Fructose content in root Free fructose content of root measured Pseudomonas aptata scale Quantity of nitrogen in canopy - predicted using a NIRS Quantity of nitrogen in canopy SPTBMYV method Absent/Present beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september Germination time Time of the germination of the seed Germination time Seed Susceptibility Susceptibility to Erysiphe Erysiphe Fungal disease - Erysiphe betae Measurement of the volume of the empty space in the seed The volume of the empty space in the seed measured in mm3 h Measurement of seed Surface Area External surface area of the hole seed measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Fusarium Susceptibility scale Seed size measured using sieves Measurement of Size Grade SUMNBCOSPMI method Summer Number of spider mites on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Sphericity index Perisperm sphericity index Perisperm Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the perisperm Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Estimation of green pixels An Area Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus susceptibility sclN Ramularia beticola susceptibility scale Seed coat Width Seed coat width Standard deviation of the seed coat width Measurement of Beet Diameter Maximum diameter of single beet Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility Macrophomina Phaseolina Fungal disease - Macrophomina Phaseolina SPNBPLDESWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by white grub on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight - calculated on 5 samples of 100 beets Computation of Soil Tare Evaluation Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves Chlorophyll content Leaf chlorophyll quantity Canopy Non Red beet Number Non Red beet number Number of beets by color not in root color trait mEq/100g of fresh matter Chlorophyll quantity in leaf (in microgram/cm² of leaf) calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery Quantity of chlorophyll in canopy Root alpha-amino nitrogen content measured by Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of alpha-amino nitrogen content of beet mush Observation of Color of petiole Observation of Color of petiole Leaf position Position Average of leaf position on a group of single plants Leaf Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSLUG and SPNBPLSYSLUG SPNBPLTOSLUG method SPNBPLDESSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by slug on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Computation to estimate seed size Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. The maximum thickness of all the measured points on the seed coat in millimeters (mm) Measurement of the maximum thicknes of the seed coat Number of black aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of black aphids Observation of Stem Color Color of the inflorescence stem Regrowth Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Leaf Leaf regrowth Summer Number of thrips on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOTHR method Viral disease - Chlorosis Virus Beet Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility Measurement of chlorophyll in leaves Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves - measured in laboratory Damping-off complex scale Root aphids susceptibility scale 2 Seedling growth Growth Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Seedling Measurement of dry Matter Content Soluble dry matter content measured on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample with a refractometer - In °Brix Counting of green apterous aphids Number of green apterous aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Seed coat Sphere Diameter Seed coat Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the seed coat Length Scoring the general appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Observation of general appearance of the plot Hairiness Leaf hairiness Presence of hairiness of leaf surface Leaf Root Root potassium content Potassium content Potassium content in root Measurement of seed spacing Mean spacing between seeds measured on a line of 10 seeds Sucrose content measured by polarimetry on Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Percentage of Sugar Content Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Measurement of cotyledon temperature Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Yellow-orange beet number Non Yellow-orange beet Pests - Spider mites Number of spider mites on plants Number Spider mites Spring population Spring Population Plan population 400°Cd after sowing Absent/Present beets having symptoms due to Heterodera Schachtii - confirmed by cysts on radicles - evaluated regularly on plants between start of july and end of september SPSHS method Evaluation of flesh coarness Flesh coarness Coarness Flesh Hypocotyl pigmentation Observation of Hypocotyl pigmentation Ring Color scale Beet Cyst Nematode Susceptibility scale Counting the number of trigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of trigerm seeds Determination of the percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds Computation of the thicknesses of the seed coat mesh Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh, measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESNOMO method Observation of rings color Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Perisperm Length Perisperm lenght Standard deviation of the perisperm length Topped root Number Number of beets with topping class Topped beet number SPNBPLTOFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESFLBE and SPNBPLSYFLBE Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves around 15th of May, 25th of May and 06th of June - using a photography vertically taken Computation of Ground Cover Rate Pygmy beetle symptoms Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms Number of plant Pests - Pygmy beetle Fructose and glucose content in root Free fructose and glucose onfresh matter Fructose and glucose content Root Degree of male sterility Degree of male sterility Fungal disease - Polymyxa betae Susceptibility to root rot due to Polymyxa betae Susceptibility Polymyxa betae Flowering pattern between plants Observation of flowering pattern between plants Flowering pattern within plants Observation of flowering pattern within plants Measurement of the average root length Root Root length Length Productivity - Root dry matter yield Root dry matter yield estimated by FT-NIR Dry matter yield Root Number of dead plants for a whole plot Counting of Dead Plants Germination time Germination time Grain germination time Seed Root Shape scale Determination of the average of leaf position on a group of single plants Observation of leaf position Counting of number of plant after sowing Number of plants / parcel counted at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd thermal time after sowing Susceptibility to Root Aphids Observation of Root Aphids susceptibility Estimation of content predicted by FT-NIR Invert sugar content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Color Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Ring color Root ring Heterogeneity of growth due to soil structure or soil depth Effect Soil Soil effect Blistering Observation of the leaf blade Leaf blade Observation Root tip Measurement of the average width of broken apical part Width Tip width Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content predicted by FT-NIR Estimation of dry matter yield Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by stem nematode on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESSTNEM method The width of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Measurement of seed coat width kg ‰ Use Plant Productivity - Plant target use General growth type and/or use type None Shattering Seed shattering Seed Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity scale The width of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Measurement of perisperm width Viral disease - Beet western Beet western Beets touched by beet western Root Individual seed mass Seed mass Seed Mass Tetanops myopaeformis susceptibility scale Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Red Beets Measurement of beet weight Weight of a single beet without leaves Measurement of Mean Root Width Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root width Seed Abnormal Abnormal seed Percentage of abnormal seeds in a sample AUPC of leaf area index Leaf area index (LAI) evolution Area index LAI Leaf Observation of Leaf Undulation Determination of the average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Measurement of the embryo volume Volume of the embryo measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Seed Bearer Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Counting of hors Orange Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Number of plant with white grub symptoms Pests - White grub Number of plant White grub symptoms Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola - 1st and 2nd notation Estimation of Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Standard deviation of the perisperm width Width Perisperm Persiperm width Observation of Cuticle Thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle (consult with IIRB) External surface area of the perisperm measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the perisperm Pests - Mangold fly Number of mangol flies on plants Number Mangol flies SPSRH method Absent/Present beets having rhizopus symptoms - evaluated at the end of summer Radicle Temperature Radicle temperature Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature Susceptibility to Black Root (Aphanomyces cochliodes). Estimation of Black Aphanomyces Cochlioides Potassium and sodium content Potassium and sodium content in root Root Potassium and sodium content in the root Summer Number of striped flea beetle on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOSFB method Volume Empty space Standard deviation of the volume of the empty space in the seed Empty space volume Scale for Stay green AUDPC of RLS AUDPC : Under curve area of RLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Observation of beet shape None Leaf Magnesium deficiency Estimation of magnesium deficiency Magnesium deficiency Plant Date of the seed bearer flowering start Flowering start time Flowering start time Summer Number of plants touched by striped flea beetle - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOSFB method White sugar content in the root White sugar content in root Root White sugar content Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by thrips - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOTHR method Standard deviation of the embryo length Length Embryo Embryo length Estimation of Powdery Mildew Gravity Foliar surface touched by powdery mildew evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Determination of juice purity Estimation of juice purity from the 'Wieniger & Kubadinov' formula based on impurity (K, Na and Alpha-N) and sucrose contents Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape Seed Size Seed size Betaine content mesured by HPLC on frozen brei sample Mesurement of Betaine content by HPLC Measurement of perisperm sp diameter Perisperm sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Seedling Betacyanin Content Betacyanin content in seed Betacyanin content Seedling Scale for Flowering Pattern between plants cm Computation of field emergence quality Integral of the logistic curve using the population countings at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd Gross yield Productivity - Root gross yield Root gross yield Root Evaluation of the average plant stay green Plant Greeness Productivity - Plant stay green Wireworms Pests - Wireworms Number Counting of wireworms Measurement of lenght Leaf Blade Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade length Estimation of Rhizoctonia Solani Susceptibility Susceptibility to Rhizoctonia root rot Leaf stalk width Leaf stalk width on a group of single plants Leaf stalk Width Shape of the beet Beet shape Shape Root Class of the maximum diameter of single beet in cm Classification of root by maximum diameter Susceptibility to black root due to Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility Aphanomyces cochlioides Fungal disease - Aphanomyces cochlioides Cercospora Beticola susceptibility scale Measurement of seed coat shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. SPNBPLTOCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCF and SPNBPLSYCF Mean Number Bolting plant number Bolting plant Number of bolting plants for thousand plants after sowing High Temperatures Suceptibility scale Class of the maximum diameter of single beet Root Beet diameter Diameter Plant HeatTol Heat stress tolerance Heat stress tolerance Growth of plants under heat condition and rate the tolerance Counting of millipede guttulatus Count of millipede in a parcel Observation of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when In Soil Measurement of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when harvesting single plants Counting of Cercospora beticola Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th notation m²/m² Number of rotten beets on samples of 160 beets break down to percentage Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Number Pests - Pegomyia betae Counting of blate pits Blate pits SPNBPLTOWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESWHGR and SPNBPLSYWHGR Leaf hoppers Pests - Leaf hoppers Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers Number of plant Standard deviation of the shape factor of the embryo Shape Embryo Embryo Shape Evaluation of total foliar surface Calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery (in m²/m²) Count the number of frozen beets Cold stress damage Plant Cold stress damage index Average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Leaf blade color Leaf blade Color Soil fungal disease Susceptibility Seedling disease Susceptibility to seedling disease Number of beets by color not in root color trait Number Non Pink beet number Non Pink beet Germination rate Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Germination final rate Seed Percentage of monogerm seeds Counting the number of monogerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of monogerm seeds Seed coat sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of seed coat sp diameter Susceptibility to seedling disease due to soil-borne fungi (Aphanomyces cochlioides, R. solani, Pythium spp., Phoma betae) Damping-off complex Total fresh matter yield of leaves Productivity - Leaf fresh matter yield Fresh matter yield Leaf Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Plot Weight Productivity - Weight Of Beets Computation of Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Number of beets with break diameter less or equal to 2 cm relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Topping quality scale Number of plants with sugar beet rust pustules - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Scale for Type Of Root Damage Estimation of Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity Foliar surface touched by cercospora leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Root aphids susceptibility scale 1 Automatic detection of the presence of embryo Presence of embryo Embryo Presence SUMNBPLTOMF method Summer Number of blate pits due to mangol fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Evaluation of root damages visually. Wounded referes to significant mass loss. Bruised referes to scratched surface, visible crack with no mass loss. Wounded and bruised are both Observation of Type Of Root Damage Plant wilting Wilting Plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress Plant Computation of sugar yield Sugar yield calculated in t/ha Sum of Free Fructose and Glucose (g/100g Fresh matter) Computation of Free Fructose and Glucose Number of plant Pests - Stem nematode Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms Stem nematode symptoms Percentage of bolters Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Length Seed coat Seed coat lenght Standard deviation of the seed coat length Maturity None Seed maturity Seed Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Number Bolting plant Total Bolting plant count Petiole Petiole color Color of petiole Color Sugar content in root Sugar content Root Quality index with invert sugar Diameter Perisperm Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the persiperm Perisperm equivalent diameter Root Productivity - Root net weight Root net weight Weight Radicle length 7 days after the seed germination Radicle length Length Radicle Downy Mildew Susceptibility scale Determination of the plant height on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Height Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants Noctuid moth caterpillars Number Pests - Noctuid moth caterpillars Non Yellow beet Number of beets by color not in root color trait Number Non Yellow beet number Measurement of germination hour in Eloncam Hour of germination at 10°C in Eloncam SUMNBPLTONOMO method Summer Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Root Rot Erwinia scale Fasciation Cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster Root Beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia Rhizoctonia symptoms Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Weight of beets before soil removal for the entire plot Water potential threshold value under which germination does not occur Computation of Germination Base Water Potential Measurement of width Leaf Stalk Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk width SPNBPLSYSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Cuticle Thickness scale Observation of Main color of flesh Observation of Main color of flesh Observation of lifeform Life form of the accession Male fertility Male flower Degree of male sterility Sterility Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Estimation of Pseudomonas aptata susceptibility Number of plants with powdery mildew spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew Minimum petiole length among plants Petiole length Length Petiole Embryo volume Volume Standard deviation of the volume of the embryo Embryo Phoma Betae Susceptibility scale None Observation of seed shattering Beet Yellows Virus scale Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Seed Germination rate Early germination rate Stem Color scale Cover Green vegetation cover (FCOVER) evolution Green vegetation AUPC of green vegetation cover Classification of root by diameter Class of the diameter of the root at the point of break in cm for single beet None Observation of seed maturity Flowering Time scale Powdery Mildew Gravity scale Topping Quality Evaluation of topping quality visually, 1 and 2 are undertopped, 3 and 4 are well topped and 5 and 6 are overtopped Estimation of Yellows Virus Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Phytoproducts damage Phytoproduct damage Foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Leaf Pests - Crane-fly Number of plant Crane-fly symptoms Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms Number of blinkers at level plot due to sensitive plant to rhizomania Counting of blinkers Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus Root Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Multigermicity scale Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR Perisperm SpDiameter Length Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the perisperm Perisperm None Measurement of Content of betacyanin in the beet Leaf blade width on a group of single plants Leaf blade width Leaf blade Width SPTBW method Absent/Present beets touched by beet western - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september Life form scale Ditylenchus dipsaci Pests - Ditylenchus dipsaci Susceptibility Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci Measurement of Beet Top Diameter Diameter of single beet top Seed coat thickness Seed coat Thickness Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh Population Plot Stand homogeneity Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Pests - Slugs Number of plant Number of plant with slug symptoms Slug symptoms Shape Root shape Root shape in longitudinal section Root Measurement of embryo width The width of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Perisperm volume Standard deviation of the volume of the perisperm Perisperm Volume Total volume of the seed measured in cubic millimeter (mm3) Measurement of seed volume Black aphids Pests - Black aphid Number Counting of black aphids Petiole Color scale Scale for Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Time of reach x% of germination Time to reach x% of the total number of seeds, x = 10 to 90 Susceptibility Bacterial disease - Erwinia Betavasculorum Erwinia Betavasculorum Susceptibility to root rot due to Erwinia Betavasculorum Score of Susceptibility to Rust Distribution Flower bract Bract distribution Importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Observe the growth of plants per plot and rate the heterogeneity due to soil structure or soil depth Estimation of soil effect Nitrogen content Canopy Quantity of nitrogen in leaves (in g/m²) Leaf nitrogen quantity Plant life cycle state Plant life forme (ie life cycle) state : annual, biannual, perenial… Plant Life form End Use scale Plant population after sowing Number Number of plants after sowing Plant Hairiness scale Measurement of Final Rate Maximum percentage of germinated seeds First, second, third and fourth count of bolting plants for a whole plot Counting of bolters Computation of quality index with Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization / quantity of extractable sugar - Formula including Invert sugar (glucose) Total dry matter content of leaves Measurement of matter Matter Content Under progress curve area of FCOVER evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of FCOVER Susceptibility to root rot due to Sclerotium rolfsii Susceptibility Sclerotium rolfsii Fungal disease - Sclerotium rolfsii Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by striped flea beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESFLBE method Estimation of Susceptibility to Erysiphe Susceptibility to Erysiphe - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants (whole microplot) of the leaf blade Observation of blistering Measurement of weight Of Beets After Sorting Weight of beets after sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Percentage of empty seeds in a sample Seed Empty Empty seed Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility scale Pests - Moth Intern crown eroded Number of plant Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth Measurement of gross weight Root gross weight / microplot in kg/ha mm3 Individual seed mass Mesasurement of seed mass Mean minimum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole length among Length Minimum Drought Stress scale Determination of the percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Counting the number of genetic twins seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of twins Embryo Embryo sphericity index Sphericity index Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the embryo Measurement of width Leaf blade Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade width µg/cm² leaf Spring / Emergence Number of plant with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYSLUG method Estimation of Beet Cyst Heterodera Schachtii Susceptability to Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii) SPTBYV method Absent/Present beets touched by beet yellow virus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september Summer Number of beet leaf bug on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOBLB method Ditylenchus Dipsaci susceptibility scale AUPC of Chlorophyll Under progress curve area of Chlorophyll content evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures Bolting plant count Number Bolting plant Count of bolting plants for a whole plot Green apterous aphids Counting of green apterous aphids Pests - Green aphid Number Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the seed coat Seed coat Diameter Seed coat equivalent diameter Root Glucose content in root Glucose content of beet mush Glucose content SPNBPLSYPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Counting of hors Yellow-Orange Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Computation of dry matter yield Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content measured by refractometer Rhizomania Yellowing susceptibility scale Measurement of free Glucose content by HPLC Free Glucose content of root measured on frozen brei sample (g/100g Fresh matter) by HPLC Measurement of Beet Width Max Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the maximal diameter Root Productivity - Root gross weight Root gross weight Weight Observation of foliar damages by phytoproducts Scoring of foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications SPNBPLSYWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Susceptibility Susceptibility to root aphids Pests - Phemphigus betae Root aphids Measurement of Soil Humidity Humidity of soil in % SPNBPLSYBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Mineral Deficiency scale Beet Shape scale Flesh Main color of flesh Flesh color Color SPNBPLTOPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESPYBE and SPNBPLSYPYBE Observation of root maggot using de Lee Campbell Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility to root maggot using de Lee Campbell disease scoring scale Rhizoctonia Solani susceptibility scale Dry matter predicted by a NIRS Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS General growth type and/or use type. Observation of type Of Beet Stemphylium beticola susceptibility scale Estimation of Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility Susceptibility to Sclerotium root rot Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Computation of Ratio Length / Width of leaf blade Observation of Rhizomania susceptibility Susceptibility to Rhizomania scored by the yellowing of the canopy; 0 is none and 9 is most yellowing. Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by game on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESGAME method Phemphigus betae susceptibility scale SPNBPLDESBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by aphanomyces black leg on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Observation of Hairiness of leaf surface Hairiness of leaf surface Leaves stinged Number of plant Pests - Beet leaf bug Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug Spring / Emergence Number of plant with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYFLBE method Pests - Game Number of plant with game symptoms Game symptoms Number of plant Date Measurement of Invert sugar content Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root length Measurement of Mean Root Length Soil Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight Proportion Productivity - Soil proportion in raw beet weight g/100g of fresh matter Number of bolting plants for thousand plants at 1500°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2500°Cd and 3000°Cd after sowing Counting of bolting plant Observation of Root Shape Root shape in longitudinal section Blistering scale Determination of ploidy Determination by flux cytometer of the level of ploidy SPNBPLSYGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Root Beet size as the ratio of max on min beet width Beet size Size Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the embryo Embryo Diameter Embryo equivalent diameter mg Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot due to Stemphylium beticola Estimation of Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot Hypocotyl Color scale Computation of root gross yield Root gross yield calculated in t/ha Computation of white sugar yield White sugar yield calculated in t/ha. Pests - Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility to root maggot due to Tetanops myopaeformis Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Measurement of Stem Diameter Measurement of the seed coat volume Volume of the seed coat measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C in Eloncam Measurement of radicle length Wilting scale Flesh Coarness scale Observation of Root Maggot susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Maggot Leaf number Number Leaf Number of leaves Summer Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCONOMO method Date of the seed bearer flowering end Flowering end time Flowering end time Plant SPNBPLSYCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Susceptibility to root rot due to Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani Susceptibility Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia solani Observation of Root Aphid susceptibility Susceptibility to root aphid scoring at harvest presence of aphid colonies on the outside of the beet root in combination with presence of wax using the Hutchinson and Campbell disease scoring scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESMILL and SPNBPLSYMILL SPNBPLTOMILL method Determination of the percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Counting the number of plantlets with green hypocotyl after germinating test of a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of green hypocotyl Beet Mild Yellowing Virus susceptibility scale Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Presence of Cercospora nests Root color Color Root Root color below ground of a group of single plants White sugar yield calculated Yield White sugar Productivity - White sugar yield The length of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Measurement of embryo length Flesh Color scale Percentage of white sugar in the root at plot scale Computation of white sugar content in the root Number of plant with vole symptoms Pests - Vole Number of plant Vole symptoms Root Position Part of the root which exceeds the soil Beet position in soil Cotyledon length Cotyledon Length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth Susceptibility to rust due to Uromyces betae Susceptibility Uromyces betae Fungal disease - Uromyces betae Standard deviation of the volume of the seed coat Seed coat Seed coat volume Volume Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms Number of plant Pests - Aphanomyces black leg Aphanomyces black leg symptoms Evaluation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Betacyanin content Leaf Leaf betacyanin pattern Scale for Maximum Beet Diameter Class Estimation of heat tolerance Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. Seed Shattering scale Male Sterility scale Susceptibility Fungal disease - Helicobasidium purpureum Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility to violet root due to Helicobasidium purpureum Bract Distribution Scale AUDPC : Under curve area of PM gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of PM Root Root alpha-amino nitrogen content Alpha-amino nitrogen content in root Alpha-amino nitrogen content Flowering time Flowering time Stages of seed bearer flowering Plant Measurement of the normal seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule has only a single embryo and a perisperm without any malformation or defects. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility scale Aphanomyces Root Rot susceptibility scale Mean maximum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole width among Width Maximum Measurement of perisperm length The length of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Betaine content by FT-NIR Betaine content in root Root Betaine content Rotten parts of beets are cut and weighed together Measurement of Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts AUDPC of CLS AUDPC : Under curve area of CLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Estimation of Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Washing Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot A measure of how closely the shape of the perisperm resembles that of a perfect sphere Computation of the sphericity index of the perisperm Scale for Flowering Pattern within plants Computation of Hypocotyl Temperature Delta Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) SUMNBCOMO method Summer Number of moth on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Scale for Seedling Betacyanin Content Computation of rotten gross gravity Weight of rotten beets parts relative to gross weight of beets Leaf Color scale Erysiphe betae susceptibility scale Height of top of the beet Measurement of Top Thickness Curly top virus susceptibility scale Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci - plot-basis score based on the number of root presenting symptoms (stunting, swelling and rotting) Estimation of Ditylenchus dipsaci susceptibility Productivity - Beet sugar yield Sugar yield Beet sugar yield Root Computation of perisperm equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the perisperm Observation of Verticillium wilt susceptibility Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Estimation of Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Foliar surface touched by ramularia leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average 'green above ground part' Measurement of top Height Mean Measurement of radicle lengthening speed Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Weight of beets before sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation SPNBPLDESCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by centipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Diameter Stem Stem diameter Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Measurement of petiole length among Length Maximum Mean maximum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). General scoring scale Visual inspection to observe if two embryo present in a single glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the bigerm seed mm/h Pests - Blaniulus guttulatus Millipede guttulatus Counting of millipede guttulatus Number Counting of Slugs Before Sowing Number of slugs on 0.25 sqm using traps - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Observation of the plant wilting Observe the plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress at plot scale Stages of seed bearer flowering Observation of flowering time variable_of Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal Weight of beets after soil removal for the entire plot Weight of beets after washing for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Washing Measurement of weight Of Top Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by top Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity scale Scale for Stand Homogeneity