Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Seed Filling Ratio FillingRatio GRIN/Florimond Desprez Root Rot Erwinia Erwinia Rot Erwinia Rot – Erwinia Betavasculorum ERW Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms SPNBPLSYFLBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmbSurfArea Embryo Surface Area Daphné Verdelet partly monogerm /partly multigerm 2 Nirs Leaf Area Index NILAI Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 Daphné Verdelet Maximum Green Vegetation Cover FCOVERmax Institut Technique de la Betterave SeedCoatVol_STD GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Volume Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds HYPGR 5 Medium 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Crane-Fly Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYCF Daphné Verdelet weak 3 Twins 3 Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Stand Homogeneity STAND Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) - 95% dead plants 8 absent 0 SPNBPLDESSLUG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Slug Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet PETIOLECOL Daphné Verdelet GRIN Petiole Color Number NUMB. Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Invert Sugar Kit %IS K Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez GEVES/INRA Mean Germination Time MGT Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Bolters Counting Florimond Desprez BOLC 3 Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) TOT. Bolters Total Number Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) Length Leaf Stalk L STA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 2 Yellow SeedCoatRugosity Seed Coat Rugosity index Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA 1 absent SeedSurfArea Seed Surface Area Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA DMNHA Dry Matter Yield NIR Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 Daphné Verdelet Double Plant At Field Emergence DBFEMER Institut Technique de la Betterave Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Thermal time after emergence to reach X% of Green Vegetation Cover TTFCOVER GRIN Daphné Verdelet PETWIDMAX Petiole Width - Maximum Absent/Present Beets Having Rhizopus Symptoms SPSRH Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Green Vegetation Cover Over An Area FCOVER elliptic 2 Daphné Verdelet GRIN Flowering Pattern – Between plants FLWRPATB 1 Very weak vigor Percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds TRIGE Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez BMYV Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Slight leaf curl of the edge of new leaves; pimpling on the veins of the underside of the leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 3 3 Empty seed Empty seed Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA 0 healthy KNa K + Na Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez % S Percentage Of Sugar Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Millipede SPNBPLDESMILL Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Petiole Width - Minimum PETWIDMIN Daphné Verdelet GRIN Standard Deviation Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter SeedCoatEqDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Distincts spots on most leaves but not coalescing (Infection 10%) 4 Beet Cyst Nematode Beet Cyst Nematode (Bcn) – Heterodera Schachtii GRIN/Florimond Desprez Heterodera Schachtii BCN Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Embryo Sphericity index EmbSphericity_STD Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Empty Space Volume GEVES/INRA EmptyVolume Black Aphid Counting Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet BACO 2 nymphs present, no adults present Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image REFLAI 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 Maximum Beet Diameter Class Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet CLBEDIAM Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity Institut Technique de la Betterave GRAVCLS Daphné Verdelet 0 <0.1 not branched beet Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) 4 Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Thrips Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOTHR GERM Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Germity 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) PINK Number Of Pink Beets Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 6 Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) SPRPOP Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring Population Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Slug Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOSLUG MITOPBE Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Volume PerispVol_STD no leaf yellowing 0 Daphné Verdelet Perisperm SpDiameter mm GEVES PerispSpDiameter SPNBPLTOPYBE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet strong stay green 5 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 Abnormal seed Daphné Verdelet Abnormal seed GEVES/INRA Sugar Beet Rust Gravity GRAVSBR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Only a few plants show yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a few yellow plants (Infection 5%) 3 6 50-100% flower SUMNBPLTOSFB Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Striped Flea Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 5 intermdiate Standard Deviation Perisperm Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA PeriEqDiameter_STD 5 intermediate narrow oblong Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 Topping Quality Institut Technique de la Betterave TOPQUAL Daphné Verdelet 2 One embryo Daphné Verdelet GRIN Flowering Pattern – Within plants FLWRPATW Summer Number Of Thrips On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOTHR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Nirs - Sugar Content Of Beets NIBSC DROU Daphné Verdelet Drought Stress Florimond Desprez Standard Deviation Embryo Lenght 3d EmbLength3d_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet 2 Pink Lab - Glucose Content Of Beet Mush Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet LABGLC 1 Plants only have green leaves - Plot looks 100% green (Infection 0%) Width Leaf Blade WIBLA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez bracts to the top 9 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) PeriSphericity Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Perisperm Sphericity index %FRUC Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez G Fructose Daphné Verdelet GRIN ROOTAPHIDS Root Aphids Seed Coat Shape VA3d GEVES Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatShapeVA3d 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched Standard Deviation Embryo Feret Shape 3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmbFeretShape3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Molasse Sugar (F) / % Sugar SM/POL-IS Daphné Verdelet GRIN PETLENMAX Petiole Length - Maximum Dry Matter Content Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez % DM 5 moderate 1 highly susceptible 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez KG/PL Net Weight/Plot Very heterogeneous 1 BSI M Beet Size Mean Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Institut Technique de la Betterave Seed Spacing SEEDSP Daphné Verdelet intermediate vigor 3 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 1 Synchronous Non-swollen 7 Leaf Glossiness L GLO Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) - 35% dead plants 4 GEVES PerispShapeVA3d_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet red 6 Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Stem Diameter StemDiam SPSHS Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Due To Heterodera Schachtii Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Sugar Yield Daphné Verdelet S/HA Florimond Desprez Orange 3 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Younger leaves wilting)(Infection 80%) 8 3 Circular WGHBSO Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Institut Technique de la Betterave Standard Deviation Seed Coat SpDiameter mm SeedCoatSpDiameter_STD GEVES Daphné Verdelet 3 intermediate Gen Ap Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOFLBE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms SeedCoatRugosity_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Rugosity index GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet overtopped with under half of max diameter bundle rings visible 5 5 Medium GRIN Ring Color Daphné Verdelet RINGCOLOR Daphné Verdelet Early germination rate EGermRt GEVES Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal WGHBSR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 8 Other (specify) Lab - Amino Nitrogen Content Of Beet Mush Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet mM N LABAN Florimond Desprez %IS V Percentage Of Invert Sugar Venema Daphné Verdelet Plant dead - Majority of plants with Score = 9 9 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 Hypocotyl Lengthening Speed (Hyp = 25 Mm) Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA HypSpd Seed Coat Width 3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA SeedCoatWidth3d WGTPORO Weight Proportion Of Root Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 3 2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface]]> 6 angled topped Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Centipede SPNBPLDESCENTI Daphné Verdelet CLS Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) - Cercospora Beticola GRIN/Florimond Desprez Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 BractDistrib Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Bract Distribution 7 Old leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) Daphné Verdelet CotylSrf Cotyledon Surface Area (At 110°Cd) GEVES/INRA 2 susceptible Immune 0 SPNBPLTOMILL Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Millipede Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 5 Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) 1 No infection (Infection 0%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GACO Green Apterous Aphid Counting Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Yellow Virus SPTBYV Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOCENTI Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Centipede Symptoms Florimond Desprez Rust AUDPC RUSTAUDPC Daphné Verdelet StemColor Stem Color Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta CLSAUDPC Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) Audpc Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Sbr Audpc SBRAUDPC Betaine HPLC BETAH Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet NIBDM Nirs - Dry Matter Of Beets 4 correctly topped Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Nest Of Cercospora NEST 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 Florimond Desprez R COL Root Color Daphné Verdelet Leaf Fresh Matter Yield Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta LeafFreshMat PM Audpc Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet PMAUDPC 9 All plants are covered with grey powdery mycellum (Infection 100%) very strong damages - the whole plot is burned 5 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) Summer Number Of Beet Leaf Bug On Plants SUMNBCOBLB Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Ploidy Daphné Verdelet GRIN PLOI Institut Technique de la Betterave Nirs - Nitrogen Quantity In Plot Daphné Verdelet NINIPL 1 untopped with petioles longer than 2 cm Aphanomyces cochlioides - Foliar Ratings Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez ARF Daphné Verdelet Stay Green GREEN Florimond Desprez OCVV/International Data Base for Beta RPOSI Beet Position In Soil Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Seed Volume GEVES/INRA SeedVol Perisperm Volume Daphné Verdelet PerispVol GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet BeetShape Beet Shape International Data Base for Beta Institut Technique de la Betterave Powdery Mildew Gravity Daphné Verdelet GRAVPM SeedCoatVol Seed Coat Volume Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESPYBE Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Pygmy Beetle SeedCoatSurfArea Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Seed Coat Surface Area G Glucose Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez %GLUC Verticillium Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez VERT 1 High : branched beet No infection 1 Red 4 light green 3 Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Seed Size Grade SeedGrade Flowering Start FLoweringStart Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Beet Top Diameter TODIAM red vein 5 SUMNBCOSPMI Summer Number Of Spider Mites On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave ROGROGRAV Daphné Verdelet Rotten Gross Gravity SeedMaturity Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Seed Maturity non damaged 1 SPNBPLTOVOLE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Vole Symptoms Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 Daphné Verdelet Damping-off complex Florimond Desprez DAMP 2 Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) FCOVERAUPC Area Under Progress Curve Of FCOVER Over Time Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Very weak Gen Ap 1 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 5 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESNOMO Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Noctuid Moth Entire defoliation - caution : regrowth !!! (Infection 100%) 9 Summer Number Of Mangold Flies On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOMF GEVES/INRA EmbFeretShape3d Daphné Verdelet Embryo Feret Shape 3d Daphné Verdelet French Top Mean Florimond Desprez FRT M 8 The 3, 4 remaing leaves with 50% decayed; other dead (Infection 80%) SPNBPLDESBLLEG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Aphanomyces Black Leg Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GRIN FLESHCOLOR Daphné Verdelet Flesh Color PerispSpDiameter_STD GEVES Standard Deviation Perisperm SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet 5 Narrow oblong Seed Coat SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatSpDiameter GEVES Daphné Verdelet Sclerotium rolfsii Florimond Desprez SCLE Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Stem Nematode SPNBPLDESSTNEM Institut Technique de la Betterave Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal WGHASR Summer Number Of Moth On Plants SUMNBCOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet bolting 3 Daphné Verdelet Bigerm seed GEVES/INRA Bigerm seed entire red 9 5 Orange GRIN Daphné Verdelet Cuticle Thickness CUTICLE Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Betaine NIR BETAN FIEMERQUAL Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Field Emergence Quality Fertile 1 Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Normal seed Normal seed Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Number Of Orange Beets ORANG Standard Deviation Seed Coat Flatness Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatFlatness_STD GEVES/INRA 4 11 - 13 cm 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SOIHUM Soil Humidity RLS Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) - Ramularia beticola Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet CLUSTERFAS Cluster Fasciation GRIN Daphné Verdelet Tb Seedling Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Seedling Growth Base Temperature Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter SeedCoatEqDiameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With White Grub Symptoms SPNBPLTOWHGR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Highly multigerm (>5) 4 Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Mild Yellowing Luteovirus SPTBMYV Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet SBRA Florimond Desprez SugarBeet Root Aphid - Phemphigus betae Daphné Verdelet Mean Seed Coat Thickness GEVES/INRA SeedCoatThick Percentage Of Juice Purity W&K Florimond Desprez W & K Daphné Verdelet Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) Audpc Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet RLSAUDPC CLDIAMBRE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Leaf Hoppers SUMNBPLTOLEH GEVES Daphné Verdelet Embryo Shape VA3d EmbShapeVA3d GEVES/INRA Embryo Width 3d EmbWidth3d Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet GR/PL Florimond Desprez Gross Weight/Plot Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Proportion Of Root Neck WGTPORN Daphné Verdelet A few spots in the plot (Infection 2%) 2 SPNBPLDESWHGR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By White Grub Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez BNYVV Rhizomania Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus (BNYVV) Florimond Desprez SOIL Soil Effect Daphné Verdelet BEDAMA Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Type Of Root Damage no aphid colonies nor wax present 0 EmbVol_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Volume GEVES semi-prostrate 7 9 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) intermediate 3 Seed Shattering Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta SeedShattering No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 Summer Number Of Noctuid Moth Caterpillars On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCONOMO Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYSTNEM Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Stem Nematode Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Germination Final Rate GermFnlRt Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA red 7 narrow obtriangular 6 Sugar extraction 5 susceptible 7 intermediate damages 3 HYPOCOTYL GRIN/Florimond Desprez Hypocotyl Color Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet PeriEqDiameter GEVES/INRA Perisperm Equivalent Diameter 2 White to yellow 8 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) Blinkers Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez BLINK Strong 7 SPNBPLSYWHGR Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With White Grub Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet GRIN MALESTER Male Sterility 5 First large brown necrotic spots, spots on one or two leaves (Infection 20%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet FELERLS Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Germinating Power GEPOW 6 Distinct large brown necrotic sppots on most leaves + start coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) Daphné Verdelet RND M Florimond Desprez Beet Roundness Mean EmbSurfArea_STD GEVES Standard Deviation Embryo Surface Area Daphné Verdelet 4 6 - 8 cm 3 spotted A couple of plants with slight yellowing (>5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) 3 Florimond Desprez CRR Daphné Verdelet Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina Daphné Verdelet Cotyledon Temperature Delta GEVES/INRA DeltaTempCot 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) Daphné Verdelet Smoothness Score Mean Florimond Desprez SMO M PeriLength3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Perisperm Lenght 3d 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 SPNBPLTOGAME Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Game Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Very weak stay green 1 RWIDT Mean Root Width Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (> 100 pots and rust spores starting to develop)(Infection 10%) absent 1 strong damages 4 9 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms Leaf Color Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez L COL MFCO Mangod Fly (Pegomyia betae) Blate Pits And Maggot Counting Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet No symptom (Infection 0%) 1 3 circular Stem Number StemNb Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta intermediate deficiency 3 Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Mg Magnesium Deficiency BEWGT Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Beet Weight Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 CotylFnlLg Daphné Verdelet Cotyledon Final Length (At 110°Cd) GEVES/INRA present 1 SeedCoatFlatness Seed Coat Flatness Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA DeltaTempHyp Hypocotyl Temperature Delta 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) Rotten Net Gravity RONETGRAV Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched little 1 Powdery Mildew (PM) – Erysiphe betae Daphné Verdelet PM GRIN/Florimond Desprez 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) very tender 1 1 highly susceptible Type Of Beet GRIN Daphné Verdelet TYPE LEAFHAIR Leaf Hairiness GRIN Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez BYV Beet Yellows Virus Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 Maximum Beet Diameter Institut Technique de la Betterave BEDIAM Daphné Verdelet Time To Reach X% Of Germination Tx% Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Germination Base Water Potential PSI b Germ Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA LABK mM K Lab - Potassium Content Of Beet Brei sample Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SOITARE Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Soil Tare Evaluation = %TARE Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat lenght 3d GEVES/INRA SeedCoatLength3d_STD Intermediate number of yellowing plants - Plot looks slightly yellow (>20% plants with symptoms)(Infection 20%) 5 3 resistant 0 Immune Daphné Verdelet SugarBeet Root Maggot - Tetanops myopaeformis SBRM Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet DeltaTempRad GEVES/INRA Radicle Temperature Delta Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez RED Number Of Red Beets 7 Severe stunting, yellowing; leaves prostate and some leaves dead - Majority of plants with Score = 7 weak 3 EmbLength Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Embryo Length Wilting Daphné Verdelet WHIL Florimond Desprez Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plant With Perforated Leaves Due To Noctuid Moth SUMNBPLTONOMO Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA PeriLength3d_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm Lenght 3d Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Stem Nematode Symptoms SPNBPLTOSTNEM Very strong Gen Ap 5 3 4 - 6 cm 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) Elliptic 2 BOLT/ Nb Of Bolters/Nb Of Beets Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Leaf Dry Matter Content LeafDryMat Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 1 White Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Crane-Fly SPNBPLDESCF Daphné Verdelet 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew FELEPM 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmbEqDiameter_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Equivalent Diameter Orange 3 RhizoYellow Rhizomania Yellowing GRIN Daphné Verdelet EmbSphericity Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Embryo Sphericity index Curly Top Virus Daphné Verdelet Curly Top CTOP GRIN/Florimond Desprez 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) - 65% dead plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets Before Washing Daphné Verdelet WGHBWA Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) 2 Standard Deviation Seed Coat Width 3d Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatWidth3d_STD GEVES/INRA 11 leaf from regrowth SPNBPLDESVOLE Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Vole Institut Technique de la Betterave FlorweringTime Flowering Time Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 9 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) 9 irregular Leaf and root veg. 3 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 Temperature Sum To Reach 50% Germination Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA SumTemp50pctGerm Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 No infection 1 Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYPYBE Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms Petiole Length - Minimum Daphné Verdelet PETLENMIN GRIN GRIN/Florimond Desprez LPOSI Leaf Position Daphné Verdelet No infection (100% plant stand) 1 3 Several plants with infection (± 5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Embryo Width 3d EmbWidth3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Centipede Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYCENTI Daphné Verdelet susceptible 7 PSEU Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Pseudomonas aptata Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOLEMO Summer Number Of Leaf Tunnels Due To Moth Institut Technique de la Betterave First leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) 7 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez T/HA Net Weight/Ha Purple 5 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 Blistering Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BLIST Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Number Of White Beets WHITE very resistant 1 Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Perisperm Surface Area PerispSurfArea white 1 7 Strong Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) 2 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Millipede (Blaniulus guttulatus) Counting MILLCO GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Surface Area SeedCoatSurfArea_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Persiperm Width 3d PeriWidth3d DMNIR Dry Matter Content NIR Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 4 Fusarium Yellows – Fusarium Oxysporum & Secorum GRIN/Florimond Desprez FUSA Fusarium Daphné Verdelet 1 Determinate Daphné Verdelet HGerm Hour of germination at 10°C GEVES 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched FELECLS Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Daphné Verdelet GEN. Florimond Desprez General Scoring Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Leaf blade : Ratio Length / Width LE/WI 2 Yellow spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) leaf from regrowth 11 Radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C GEVES Daphné Verdelet RadLg susceptible 7 Percentage Of White Sugar % WS Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez medium 5 BWIDH Beet Width Half Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet EmbSpDiameter_STD GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo SpDiameter mm entity Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Slug Symptoms SPNBPLSYSLUG Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Almost no infection (few plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) 2 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 No plant left (± 0% plant stand) - 100% dead plants 9 Branched Beet Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez BRANC very resistant 1 Slight infection (± 10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Flowering End FloweringEnd > 15 cm 6 CFCOBSO Crane-Fly Counting Before Sowing Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave intermediate 5 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 Thin 0 PolymyxaBetae GRIN Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae. Daphné Verdelet First coalescing spots on one or twi leaves (Infection 20%) 5 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Of Rhizoctonia Crown And Root Rot SPSRCRR Daphné Verdelet SMPOL Sm/Pol Institut Technique de la Betterave INRA High Temperatures Suceptibility HeatTol_E Daphné Verdelet LAIAUPC Area Under Progress Curve Of LAI Over Time Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGHASO Weight Of Beets After Sorting Gross Weight/T Per Ha GR/HA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez medium 5 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYBLLEG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Candy Striped, alternating red and green streaks on bolted flower stalks and larger lateral branches. 6 EmbShapeVA3d_STD GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet GRAVRLS Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Institut Technique de la Betterave 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched ROOTMAGGOT Root Maggot GRIN Daphné Verdelet Black Root – Aphanomyces Cochlioides Daphné Verdelet Aphanomyces Root Rot (Arr) – Aphanomyces Cochlioides ARR GRIN/Florimond Desprez Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) 3 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) Seed Coat Maximum Thickness SeedCoatMaxThickness Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA 4 tolerant 1 Green Summer Number Of Plants With Blate Touched By Spider Mite SUMNBPLLESPMI Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Millipede Symptoms SPNBPLSYMILL Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 3 intermediate Lab - Chlorophyll Quantity In Leaf = CHLO1 LACHLOROLE Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet RadSpd Radicle Lengthening Speed (Root = 20 Mm) Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA 4 Red Spots on most leaves easely visible (around 75-100 spots)(Infection 5%) 3 2 Indeterminate GEVES/INRA Seed Coat lenght 3d SeedCoatLength3d Daphné Verdelet Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 SPNBPLDESFLBE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Striped Flea Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Life form (ie life cycle) GRIN LIFEFORM Daphné Verdelet 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Yellow Leaf Spot (YLS) – Stemphylium beticola YLS Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 WSY Daphné Verdelet White Sugar Yield W&K Florimond Desprez 5 First coealescing spots on one or two (old) leaves (Infection 20%) Number Of Yellow-Orange Beets Florimond Desprez YORNM Daphné Verdelet 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 9 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms yellow 3 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 1 very little FROST Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Frozen Beets Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) 7 4 weak deficiency Embryo Lenght 3d EmbLength3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA PeriSphericity_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm Sphericity index Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA 5 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) Violet Root Rot (VRR) – Helicobasidium Purpureum Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez VRR Very hairy 7 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Slugs Counting Before Sowing SLCOBSO Most plants moderately yellowing (<10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez WISTA Width Leaf Stalk Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Game Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESGAME Daphné Verdelet undertopped with no petioles 3 A few plants still standinf, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 8 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) No infection 1 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 3 Multigerm (2-4) No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) 9 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOBLB Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Beet Leaf Bug 2 yellow / light green 5 highly tolerant Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken NMBREBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Blate Pits Due To Mangold Fly SUMNBPLTOMF Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 2 green / light green REGRO Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Leaf Regrowth Technical Length TECHLGT Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 4 strong stay green 0 healthy 1 very resistant 8 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) Spots on nearly all leaves (Infection 10%) 4 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Vole Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYVOLE Several plants show spots on leaves (Infection 5%) 3 Loss of leaves due to Water stress Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet REFLAIloss SPNBPLSYGAME Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Game Symptoms Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 BWIDM Beet Width Max Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 1 No infection (100% plant stand) 6 Stunting, slight yellowing; most leaves becoming prostrate - Majority of plants with Score = 6 resistant 3 SUMNBCOSFB Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Striped Flea Beetle On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Standard Deviation Persiperm Width 3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA PeriWidth3d_STD 9 No plant left (0% plant stand) Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Noctuid Moth Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTONOMO Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage FEROBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 1 rosette stadium Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina - Foliar Ratings Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez CRRF very resistant 1 3 bruised Daphné Verdelet PerispSurfArea_STD GEVES Standard Deviation Perisperm Surface Area mM Na LABNA Daphné Verdelet Lab - Sodium Content Of Beet Mush Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Manganese Deficiency MAGNE 2 weak damages Narrow elliptic 1 acronym Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) - 80% dead plants 7 resistant 3 GEVES EmbSpDiameter Daphné Verdelet Embryo SpDiameter mm 5 Most of the plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 20%) Percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez TWIN 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 Large number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>60% plants with symptoms)(Infection 60%) 7 susceptible 7 GEVES/INRA Tb Germ Daphné Verdelet Germination Base Temperature 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA SeedCoatMaxThickness_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Maximum Thickness Bolting Start Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta BolStart 1 Very strong deficiency Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta LeafNb Leaf Number Daphné Verdelet NICHLOROPPL Nirs - Chlorophyll Quantity In Plot Institut Technique de la Betterave Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 3 9 - 11 cm Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Wireworms counting WIWOCO Downy Mildew (DM) – Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae DM Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez non-swollen 7 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Noctuid Moth Symptoms SPNBPLSYNOMO almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) - 10% dead plants 2 GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet ROOTSHAPE Root Shape Daphné Verdelet Number Of Yellow Beets Florimond Desprez YELNB No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 1 2 - 4 cm 2 1 No wilting (Wilting 0%) attribute Rhizoctonia Root Rot (RRR) – Rhizoctonia Solani Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez RRR Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOBLLEG Virtual Seed Size Grade VirtualSeedGrade Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) Fodder_beet ontology Sugar_beet ontology 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 7 Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 0 healthy 0 Immune 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched medium 5 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) - 50% dead plants 5 Standard Deviation Empty Space Volume EmptyVolume_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering >95% of root surface 5 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) Daphné Verdelet Dead Plants Florimond Desprez DEADP 7 More than 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 Lab - Nitrogen Quantity In Leaf Daphné Verdelet LANILE Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 Root Flesh Coarness Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta FleshCoarness 2 A single plant shows yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a single yellow plant (Infection 2%) Radicle Final Length (At 110°Cd) Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA RadFnlLg 1 erect Use unknown 7 Standard Deviation Seed Coat Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatShapeVA3d_STD GEVES 2 7 - 9 cm 6 Biomass Leaf vegetable 1 several plants left (± 80% plant stand) - 20% dead plants 3 5 hairy Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet TOTHI Top Thickness pink 5 4 strong Gen Ap resistant 3 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) broad elliptic 4 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 4 multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering 50 to 95% of root surface Early Vigor Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez EARLY Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) 4 7 All plants are covered with light white mycellum (Infection 60%) GEVES Perisperm Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet PerispShapeVA3d Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 Daphné Verdelet GRIN End Use ENDUSE Weight Proportion Of Top WGTPOTO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet undertopped with petioles shorter than or equal to 2 cm 2 Length Leaf Blade L BLA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Embryo Volume Daphné Verdelet EmbVol GEVES/INRA Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Western Daphné Verdelet SPTBW 1 No infection 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 Weak 3 Florimond Desprez DM/HA Dry Matter Yield Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Beet Stem Nematode – Ditylenchus Dipsaci Daphné Verdelet BSN 8 fibrous All plants severly damaged, no plants green (Infection 100%) 9 3 Red Light pink 8 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 Daphné Verdelet Multigerm seed Multigermicity GEVES/INRA 4.5 - 7 cm 1 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) > 90% past flowering 7 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 3 green Single plants with slight yellowing (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) 2 5 fully bolting < 10% flowering, 10-50% flower Percentage Of Bigerme In Seeds BIGER Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez < 10% flower 4 Leaf Betacyanin Pattern LeafBcyanin Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta 8 All plants are covered with thick white mycellum (Infection 80%) 5 No deficiency 2 Yellow 2 or more colonies, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface 2 Slight infection - Plot still looks green as dominant colour (>10% plants with clear yellow symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 5 inflorescence half way up Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet LABSC Lab- Sugar Content Of Beets Mush Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 dark 7 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 Florimond Desprez Beet Chlorosis Virus Daphné Verdelet BChV totally touched leaf 10 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 5 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 3 Completely male sterile, black or brown anthers Daphné Verdelet PHOMA Phoma Betae Florimond Desprez Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) 6 1 No damages WGHROBE Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 8 Remaining leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Infection 80%) No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 EmbPres Presence Of Embryo Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA 4 tolerant a few plants still standing, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 8 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 1 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 5 Embryo Equivalent Diameter EmbEqDiameter Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Area Under Progress Curve Of Chlorophyll Over Time CABAUPC Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 prostrate 9 Empty 1 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 5 Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez TWI M Tip Width Mean PHYTO Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Damage By Phytoproducts 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) homogeneous 4 POP Institut Technique de la Betterave Number of Plant / Parcel Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Leaf Height LHEIG Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez RLEN Mean Root Length 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 3 Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 1 No infection (100% plant stand) Monogerm and multigerm mixed 2 susceptible 7 Only the center few whorls of leaves green and alive - Majority of plants with Score = 8 8 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) totally touched leaf 10 intermediate 5 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets After Washing WGHAWA 7 hard Seed Mass Daphné Verdelet SeedMass GEVES/INRA 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez % SUG G Fructose + Glucose Slight to intermediate infection (± 20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 5 GRIN Daphné Verdelet ROOTAPHID Root Aphids [1-4] 9 very hard 2 wounded Daphné Verdelet BOLN Bolting Number Institut Technique de la Betterave 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) RUST Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Rust – Uromyces Betae Immune 0 White 1 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOCF Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Crane-Fly Symptoms 7 high Florimond Desprez L UND Leaf Undulation Daphné Verdelet Monogerm 1 2 weak vigor All plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 40%) 6 No plants left (Infection 100%) 9 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 No infection 1 weak 3 11 leaf from regrowth 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) Distinct yellow spots on most leaves but not many brown necrotic spots (Infection 10%) 4 Weight Of Leaves Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGHLE Seedling Betacyanin Content Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta SeedlingBcyanin No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 5 > 8 cm Root vegetable 2 2 starting to bolt nymphs present, few adults present 3 6 Intermediate infection (± 40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 3 tender 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) higly susceptible 9 higly susceptible 9 5 Slight stunting, severe leaf curling; less than half of the upper leaf surface visible due to curling; most of the larger leaves still erect - Majority of plants with Score = 5 higly susceptible 9 3 Multigerm 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) 3 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 5 highly tolerant 2 Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) leaf from regrowth 11 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 3 intermediate stay green 7 susceptible No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 6 Narrow triangular Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) 4 2 heterogeneous No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 1 1 No wilting (Wilting 0%) 2 Spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 4 Fodder 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 1 no nymphs or adults present Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 Top Height Mean Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez THE M No plant with symptoms (Infection 0%) 1 FELESBR Institut Technique de la Betterave Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Daphné Verdelet 1 Monogerm strong deficiency 2 Glabrous - hairs completely absent 0 9 very much 0 healthy present 9 1 very resistant 5 intermediate 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched narrow ellipic 1 Entire defoliation (caution : regrowth !!!) (Infection 100%) 9 Most leaves moderately curling; more than half of the upper surface of the leaf visible - Majority of plants with Score = 4 4 5 very homogeneous 4 orange Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) 9 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched resistant 3 Many plants with yellowing, only few plants green (>80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) 8 Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOCRMO Summer Number Of Plant With Eroded Intern Crown - Moth Institut Technique de la Betterave Strong 7 Broad elliptic 4 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 9 Pink 9 higly susceptible wounded and bruised 4 10 totally touched leaf 7 Strong Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 3 Hairs very parse Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Ground Cover Rate GC Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) 5 5 intermediate strong vigor 4 9 higly susceptible Immune 0 5 13 - 15 cm 3 intermediate Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) 3 3 semi-erect 7 Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 3 low 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) 9 All older and younger leaves wilting or dead (Infection 100%) No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 5 Yellow 7 red purple resistant 3 Only a few green leaves - Plot looks dominantly yellow (>80% plants with symptoms)(Infection 80%) 8 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 1 No infection Maximum Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image Institut Technique de la Betterave REFLAImax Daphné Verdelet some present on the lower part 1 intermediate 5 intermediate 5 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 weak Gen Ap 2 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed (Old leaves starting wilting)(Infection 60%) 7 9 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) Purple 5 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) Increasing number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>40% plants with symptoms)(Infection 40%) 6 intermediate 5 medium 5 1 one colony, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each weak stay green 2 Some plants with totally yellow leaves (>20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 5 8 Fibrous 1 White 10 totally touched leaf Vein clearing of heart leaves, slight pimpling of veins on the underside of leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 2 2 4 Yellow orange No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 0 - 2 cm 1 Mixed 4 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 Asynchronous 2 9 100 percent leaf yellowing 2 susceptible 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) A few yellow spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) 3 4 nymphs present, mant adults present Spots on one or two leaves (around 25-50 spots)(Infection 2%) 2 5 strong vigor 0 absent 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 9 All plants have yellow leaves, none have green leaves _ Plot colour dominantly yellow (Infection 100%) very resistant 1 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 Thick 9 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 1 No Symptoms - Majority of plants with Score = 1 No infection (100% plant stand) 1 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 Severe infection: few plants surviving, others dead (± 80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) 8 Yellow 3 2 Semi-fertile, more or less dehiscent anthers % SPSRCRR method Absent/Present beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot - evaluated at the end of summer Evaluation of flesh coarness Flesh Flesh coarness Coarness Number of plants with powdery mildew spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew Embryo Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the embryo Sphericity index Embryo sphericity index Score of Susceptibility to Rust Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh Seed coat thickness Seed coat Thickness Estimation of magnesium deficiency Observe the Magnesium Deficiency 1 + Alter, Magnesium Deficiency 2 + Alter Trigerm Seed Percentage of trigerm seeds in a seed sample Seed quality Bolting plant number Number of bolting plants for thousand plants after sowing Number Bolting plant Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Yellow Beets Measurement of chlorophyll in leaves Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves - measured in laboratory Leaf stalk width on a group of single plants Leaf stalk width Leaf stalk Width Measurement of Tip Width Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average width of broken apical part Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility scale Absent/Present beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBMYV method Branched Measurement of the importance of branched beet Branched beet Root Susceptibility to seedling disease due to soil-borne fungi (Aphanomyces cochlioides, R. solani, Pythium spp., Phoma betae) Damping-off complex Color Average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Leaf blade color Leaf blade Vigor Early vigor Vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Plant Computation of rotten gross gravity Weight of rotten beets parts relative to gross weight of beets Life form of the accession Observation of lifeform Viral disease - Rhizomania Susceptibility to Rhizomania Susceptibility Rhizomania Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the perisperm Perisperm sphericity index Perisperm Sphericity index Nitrogen content Quantity of nitrogen in leaves (in g/m²) Canopy Leaf nitrogen quantity Susceptibility to root maggot Susceptibility Pests - Root maggot Root maggot Width Petiole Petiole width Minimum petiole width among plants Pests - Pegomyia betae Number Counting of blate pits Blate pits Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by millipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESFLBE and SPNBPLSYFLBE SPNBPLTOFLBE method Seedling Betacyanin content Betacyanin content in seed Seedling Betacyanin Content Diameter Perisperm Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the persiperm Perisperm equivalent diameter Observation of Leaf Regrowth Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Absent/Present Average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade glossiness Glossiness Leaf blade Observation of beet shape None Leaf Fungal disease - Powdery Mildew Damage by powdery mildew Damage by powdery mildew Number of blate pits due to mangod fly with indication of maggot presence or not per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of blate pits Root Smoothness Measurement of the average root groove Smoothness Measurement of germination hour in Eloncam Hour of germination at 10°C in Eloncam Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade width Measurement of width Leaf blade Weight Root net weight Root Productivity - Root net weight Wireworms Pests - Wireworms Number Counting of wireworms Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by vole on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESVOLE method Topping Quality Evaluation of topping quality visually, 1 and 2 are undertopped, 3 and 4 are well topped and 5 and 6 are overtopped Counting of Stem Number Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main None Observation of seed shattering Leaf regrowth Leaf Regrowth Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress mm² Estimation of heat tolerance Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESNOMO method Measurement of seed coat length The length of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Damage by Ramularia Damage by Ramularia Fungal disease - Ramularia Leaf Susceptibility to Root Aphids Estimation of root aphids susceptibility SPNBPLTONOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESNOMO and SPNBPLSYNOMO Determination of the beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Observation of Bolting Start Ground coverage by plant leaves Ground coverage Leaf Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves Counting of leafs None Susceptibility to Root Aphids Observation of Root Aphids susceptibility Beet Shape scale Measurement of matter Matter Content Total dry matter content of leaves Soil Soil Humidity Measurement of soil humidity Humidity Embryo Embryo Sphere Diameter Length Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the embryo Susceptibility Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing virus Susceptibility to beet mild yellowing Virus Beet Mild Yellowing Virus count unit Water potential threshold value under which germination does not occur Computation of Germination Base Water Potential Measurement of nitrogen in leaves Quantity of nitrogen in leaves - measured in laboratory Leaf stalk length Leaf stalk length on a group of single plants Leaf stalk Length Observe the plants per plot under frost condition and count the number of frozen beets Countind of frozen beets Area Seed coat area Seed coat Standard deviation of the external surface area of the seed coat Summer Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOLEH method Pests - Stem nematode Stem nematode symptoms Number of plant Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms Beet shape Shape of the beet Shape Root Humidity of soil in % Measurement of Soil Humidity Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESVOLE and SPNBPLSYVOLE SPNBPLTOVOLE method Seed coat Shape Seed coat Standard deviation of the shape factor of the seed coat Shape Length Radicle length Radicle Radicle length 7 days after the seed germination Total number of bolting plants Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot LAI Leaf area index (LAI) evaluated by NIRS Leaf Leaf area index (LAI) Area index Ploidy Determination of ploidy level Plant Plant ploidy level cm Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOBLB method mm Root net yield calculated Net yield Root Productivity - Root net yield Observation Leaf blade Blistering Observation of the leaf blade Drought Stress scale Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Measurement of Stem Diameter Measurement of seed spacing Seed spacing Seed Distance Estimation of manganese deficiency Leaf Manganese deficiency Manganese deficiency Susceptibility to root maggot due to Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility Pests - Tetanops myopaeformis Tetanops myopaeformis Estimation of magnesium deficiency Magnesium deficiency Magnesium deficiency Leaf Observation of rings color Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Measurement of embryo shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Embryo feret shape Shape Standard deviation of the diameter of the embryo corresponds to the maximum extent in a given direction Embryo Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature Hypocotyl Temperature Hypocotyl temperature Determination of the percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Counting the number of genetic twins seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of twins SUMNBPLTOTHR method Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by thrips - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end The length of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Measurement of embryo length Spring / Emergence Number of plant with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYMILL method Betaine content by FT-NIR Betaine content in root Root Betaine content Percentage of monogerm seeds Counting the number of monogerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of monogerm seeds Measurement of seed volume Total volume of the seed measured in cubic millimeter (mm3) Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Computation of rotten net gravity Root gross yield calculated in t/ha Computation of root gross yield Time of reach x% of germination Time to reach x% of the total number of seeds, x = 10 to 90 Leaf blade Width Leaf blade width on a group of single plants Leaf blade width AUDPC of RUST AUDPC : Under curve area of RUST gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Curly top virus susceptibility scale Life form scale Number of crane-flies on 0.25 sqm using traps with bait - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Counting of Crane-fly Before Sowing Cuticle Thickness scale Leaf Regrowth scale Fungal disease - Rhizopus Rhizopus symptoms Root Beets having rhizopus symptoms Number of plants with cercospora leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (if no treatment - If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Weight of beets before soil removal for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of the crown - The higher the number is, the more the crown tare is. Measurement of French Top Mean Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Viral disease - Beet yellows virus Beet Yellows Virus Susceptibility Seed Percentage of abnormal seeds in a sample Abnormal seed Abnormal Average of leaf position on a group of single plants Leaf Leaf position Position Determination of the average of leaf position on a group of single plants Observation of leaf position Empty Percentage of empty seeds in a sample Empty seed Seed Branched Beet scale Grain germination time Seed Germination time Germination time Measurement of Final Rate Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth Cotyledon Cotyledon length Topping quality scale Computation of dry matter yield Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content measured by refractometer Erysiphe Fungal disease - Erysiphe betae Susceptibility Susceptibility to Erysiphe Estimation of Susceptibility to Erysiphe Susceptibility to Erysiphe - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Root Viral disease - Beet western Beet western Beets touched by beet western Susceptibility to root aphids Pests - Root aphids Root aphids Susceptibility Spring / Emergence Number of plant with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYCENTI method Observation of the Flowering Start Date of the seed bearer flowering start Growth of plants under heat condition and rate the tolerance Plant HeatTol Heat stress tolerance Heat stress tolerance Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Drought stress susceptibility Leaf Drought stress Leaf wilting under drought stress Spring / Emergence Number of plant with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYVOLE method SPNBPLTOSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSLUG and SPNBPLSYSLUG Observation of Color of petiole Observation of Color of petiole Seed coat lenght Length Standard deviation of the seed coat length Seed coat Phoma betae Fungal disease - Phoma betae Susceptibility Susceptibility to Phoma betae Weight Rotten root Rotten beet weight Productivity - Rotten beet weight SPTBW method Absent/Present beets touched by beet western - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september Non White beet number Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non White beet Observation of Bract Distribution Description of the importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants SPNBPLDESFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by striped flea beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Quality Productivity - Topping quality Evaluation of topping quality visually Topping Measurement of on early germination Rate Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Cover Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Green vegetation Green vegetation cover Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Computation of Seedling Growth Base Temperature Estimation of Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Foliar surface touched by ramularia leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Embryo shape characterisation index Computation of feret shape value of the embryo Esitimation of Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Area Seed Seed area External surface area of the hole seed measured Sodium content in root Root sodium content Sodium content Root Date Tetanops myopaeformis susceptibility scale Beet Chlorosis Virus susceptibility scale Measurement of weight of leaves weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) AUPC of leaf area index Area index LAI Leaf Leaf area index (LAI) evolution Beet length between top and tail Root Length Beet length Flowering end time Flowering end time Date of the seed bearer flowering end Plant Observe the plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress at plot scale Observation of the plant wilting Susceptibility Fungal disease - Macrophomina Phaseolina Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Counting of bolters First, second, third and fourth count of bolting plants for a whole plot Wilting scale Computation of Potassium and Sodium content Sum of Potassium and Sodium content in the root Plant Number of plants after sowing Plant population after sowing Number Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Counting of Curly top Curly Top Susceptibility to Sclerotium root rot Estimation of Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility scale Top beet thickness Height of top of the beet Top root Thickness Bolting plant Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Total Bolting plant count Number Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Stem Number Stem number Mean Root potassium content Potassium content Potassium content in root Root Root Maggot susceptibility scale Foliar surface touched by cercospora leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity Counting of blinkers Number of blinkers at level plot due to sensitive plant to rhizomania Root length Root Length Measurement of the average root length Bolting start time Beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Bolting Start time Observation of foliar damages by phytoproducts Scoring of foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Mpa Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by stem nematode on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESSTNEM method Estimation of Rhizomania Rhizomania Susceptibility to Rhizomania - 1st, 2nd and 3rd notation Diameter Class of the maximum diameter of single beet Beet diameter Root Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Susceptibility to downy mildew due to Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Susceptibility Fungal disease - Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Tip width Root tip Width Measurement of the average width of broken apical part SPNBPLSYSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Beet Mild Yellowing Virus susceptibility scale SPNBPLSYFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Bacterial disease - Erwinia Betavasculorum Susceptibility to root rot due to Erwinia Betavasculorum Susceptibility Erwinia Betavasculorum Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Computation to estimate seed size French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization / quantity of extractable sugar - Formula including Invert sugar (glucose) Computation of quality index with Invert Sugar Beet roundness Root Beet roundness Roundness Evaluation of LAI loss : 0 if no loss to -1 if 100% loss Evaluation of LAI Computation of Embryo Length Maximal length of the embryo extracted from the virtual embryo skeleton and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of the empty seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule is empty and therefore does not contain an organ. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Blistering scale Computation of root net yield Root net yield calculated in t/ha Root aphids susceptibility scale 2 Absent/Present beets having rhizopus symptoms - evaluated at the end of summer SPSRH method kg Summer Number of plants with blates touched by spider mites - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLLESPMI method Color Main color of flesh Flesh color Flesh Computation of Free Fructose and Glucose Sum of Free Fructose and Glucose (g/100g Fresh matter) Susceptibility Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Ramularia beticola Fungal disease - Ramularia beticola AUPC Chlorophyll Leaf Chlorophyll content evolution Chlorophyll content Degree of male sterility Degree of male sterility Sugar Beet Rust Gravity scale AUDPC of SBR AUDPC : Under curve area of SBR gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR Downy Mildew Susceptibility scale Computation of quality index without Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization /quantity of extractable sugar - Formula without Invert sugar (glucose) AUDPC : Under curve area of PM gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of PM Shape Perisperm Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the perisperm Perisperm Computation of sugar yield Sugar yield calculated in t/ha scale_of Leaf Hairiness Leaf hairiness Presence of hairiness of leaf surface External surface area of the hole seed measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of seed Surface Area Computation of the sphericity index of the perisperm A measure of how closely the shape of the perisperm resembles that of a perfect sphere Number of plants / parcel counted at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd thermal time after sowing Counting of number of plant after sowing Scale for Flowering Pattern within plants Hairiness of leaf surface Observation of Hairiness of leaf surface Evaluation of total foliar surface Calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery (in m²/m²) Empty space Standard deviation of the volume of the empty space in the seed Empty space volume Volume The volume of the empty space in the seed measured in mm3 Measurement of the volume of the empty space in the seed Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal Weight of beets after soil removal for the entire plot Computation of the rugosity index of the seed coat Surface characterization of the Seed Coat Computation of Ratio Length / Width of leaf blade Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants SUMNBPLTONOMO method Summer Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by centipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESCENTI method Root aphids susceptibility scale 1 Root Fructose content Fructose content in root Free fructose content of root measured Counting of Dead Plants Number of dead plants for a whole plot Ring Color scale Aphanomyces Root Rot susceptibility scale Mean maximum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole length among Length Maximum Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors White Beets Leaf Total dry matter content of leaves Dry matter content Dry matter content of leaves Uromyces betae Susceptibility Susceptibility to rust due to Uromyces betae Fungal disease - Uromyces betae Determination of the plant height on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Height Diameter Seed coat equivalent diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the seed coat Seed coat Observation of flowering pattern between plants Flowering pattern between plants Leaf Position scale Plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress Wilting Plant Plant wilting AUPC of green vegetation cover Green vegetation Green vegetation cover (FCOVER) evolution Cover Observation of Leaf Color Determination of the average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Determination of the percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds Counting the number of trigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of trigerm seeds Estimation of green pixels An Area Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Rotten root Number of rotten beets Number Rotten beet number Shape Embryo Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the embryo Embryo Observation of Root Aphid susceptibility Susceptibility to root aphid scoring at harvest presence of aphid colonies on the outside of the beet root in combination with presence of wax using the Hutchinson and Campbell disease scoring scale Ratio Leaf blade ratio Leaf blade Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by top Measurement of weight Of Top Filling rate The ratio of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed Seed Seed filling ratio Class of the diameter of the root at the point of break in cm for single beet Classification of root by diameter Date of the seed bearer flowering start Flowering start time Plant Flowering start time Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Number of rotten beets on samples of 160 beets break down to percentage Crane-fly symptoms Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms Pests - Crane-fly Number of plant Susceptibility to Erwinia Rot Observation of Erwinia rot susceptibility Flowering Time scale Flowering pattern Seed Bearer Flowering pattern Flowering pattern t/ha Plant height on a group of single plants Leaf Leaf height Height Observation of root maggot using de Lee Campbell Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility to root maggot using de Lee Campbell disease scoring scale Determination of the average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Undulation Leaf blade length Length Leaf blade length on a group of single plants Leaf blade Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESWHGR and SPNBPLSYWHGR SPNBPLTOWHGR method Root Dry matter content Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Dry matter content in root Spring Spring population Population Plan population 400°Cd after sowing Measurement of hypocotyl lengthening speed Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Number of slugs on 0.25 sqm using traps - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Counting of Slugs Before Sowing Measurement of the abnormal seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerulus is abnormal either by an embryonic malformation or by a perisperm defect . The inspection is often made on an Xray image. External surface area of the seed coat measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the seed coat The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the embryo Computation of embryo equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the perisperm Computation of perisperm equivalent diameter mm3 Stem Color scale Stages of seed bearer flowering Flowering time Flowering time Plant Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th notation Counting of Cercospora beticola Measurement of net weight Root net weight / microplot in kg/ha Pseudomonas aptata scale General growth type and/or use type. Observation of type Of Beet Potassium and sodium content in root Potassium and sodium content in the root Potassium and sodium content Root Plant Life form Plant life cycle state Plant life forme (ie life cycle) state : annual, biannual, perenial… Germinating power Germination rate Seed Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Hypocotyl Color scale Seed coat Width Seed coat width Standard deviation of the seed coat width Susceptibility to Rhizomania scored by the yellowing of the canopy; 0 is none and 9 is most yellowing. Observation of Rhizomania susceptibility Susceptibility to Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Estimation of Beet Yellowing Virus Length Perisperm lenght Standard deviation of the perisperm length Perisperm SPNBPLTOPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESPYBE and SPNBPLSYPYBE Rotten parts of beets are cut and weighed together Measurement of Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Estimation of Inflorescence cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster fasciation m²/m² unitless Violet Root Rot susceptibility scale Counting of green apterous aphids Number of green apterous aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Stemphylium beticola susceptibility scale Observation of blistering Visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants (whole microplot) of the leaf blade Percentage of bolters Percentage of bolters in a whole plot SUMNBCOMO method Summer Number of moth on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Leaf weight Leaf Weight Weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci Susceptibility Ditylenchus dipsaci Pests - Ditylenchus dipsaci Number of plant with centipede symptoms Pests - Centipede Number of plant Centipede symptoms Summer Number of beet leaf bug on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOBLB method Scale for Presence Of Embryo Susceptibility Susceptibility to root rot due to Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia solani Embryo equivalent diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the embryo Diameter Embryo Weight of beets after washing for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Washing mg Standard deviation of the volume of the seed coat Seed coat volume Seed coat Volume Weight Single beet weight constituted by top Root Root weight Scale for Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Proportion Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Rotten root Productivity - Rotten gravity Measurement of Size Grade Seed size measured using sieves Mangol flies Number Pests - Mangold fly Number of mangol flies on plants Estimation of matter content predicted with FT-NIR Soluble dry matter content predicted with FT-NIR on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample None Estimation of flesh coarness Seed Mass Individual seed mass Seed mass Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the maximal diameter Measurement of Beet Width Max Fungal disease - Aphanomyces cochlioides Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility Susceptibility to black root due to Aphanomyces cochlioides Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of branched beet - The higher the number is, the more forked the root is. Measurement of Branched Beet Computation of germination Base Temperature Temperature threshold value under which germination does not occur Susceptibility to Black Root (Aphanomyces cochliodes). Estimation of Black Aphanomyces Cochlioides Population Productivity - Plant productivity Plot population Plot Root gross weight / microplot in kg/ha Measurement of gross weight Determination of ploidy Determination by flux cytometer of the level of ploidy SUMNBCONOMO method Summer Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Observation of flowering pattern within plants Flowering pattern within plants Ratio Sterility Male fertility Male flower Degree of male sterility SPNBPLSYSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Perforated leaves Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth Number of plant Pests - Noctuid moth Computation of Beet Size Mean Ratio Max Width / Width 1/2 after max (meausred in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - High = cylindric beet; Low = conical beet Root Sugar yield Beet sugar yield Productivity - Beet sugar yield µg/cm² leaf Beet width Root Width Maximal diameter Petiole Color scale Measurement of the embryo volume Volume of the embryo measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. White grub symptoms Number of plant with white grub symptoms Pests - White grub Number of plant Counting of hors Red Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Fungal disease - Cercospora Cercospora nests Presence Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis index AUPC of FCOVER Under progress curve area of FCOVER evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures Length Perisperm Perisperm SpDiameter Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the perisperm Observation of Leaf Glossiness Determination of the average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Phytoproducts damages scale Multigermicity scale Estimation of Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Foliar surface touched by sugar beet rust evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Counting of hors Orange Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci - plot-basis score based on the number of root presenting symptoms (stunting, swelling and rotting) Estimation of Ditylenchus dipsaci susceptibility Hypocotyl Hypocotyl pigmentation Color Hypocotyl color Evaluation of root damages visually Damange Root Root damage Measurement of beet weight Weight of a single beet without leaves Estimation of soil effect Observe the growth of plants per plot and rate the heterogeneity due to soil structure or soil depth Susceptibility Seedling disease Susceptibility to seedling disease Soil fungal disease Seed None Seed shattering Shattering Susceptibility Fungal disease - Polymyxa betae Susceptibility to root rot due to Polymyxa betae Polymyxa betae End Use scale Root Potassium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of potassium content of beet mush Cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster Fasciation Inflorescence cluster fasciation mm/h Mineral Deficiency scale Height of top of the beet Measurement of Top Thickness Radicle temperature Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature Radicle Temperature Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Dry matter predicted by a NIRS Rhizomania Yellowing susceptibility scale Mean minimum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole length among Length Minimum Scale for Seedling Betacyanin Content Scale for Stand Homogeneity Susceptibility to violet root due to Helicobasidium purpureum Helicobasidium purpureum Fungal disease - Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility Count of millipede in a parcel Counting of millipede guttulatus Average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Undulation Leaf blade Leaf blade undulation Susceptibility Sclerotium rolfsii Susceptibility to root rot due to Sclerotium rolfsii Fungal disease - Sclerotium rolfsii Sugar content (saccharin) of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Measurement of sugar content of beet mush Damage by sugar beet rust Leaf Fungal disease - Sugar beet rust Damage by sugar beet rust Counting of black aphids Number of black aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Leaf Betacyanin Pattern scale Beet Yellows Virus scale Measurement of top Height Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average 'green above ground part' Number of beets with break diameter less or equal to 2 cm relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Computation of Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Length Seed coat Sphere Diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the seed coat Seed coat White sugar yield calculated in t/ha. Computation of white sugar yield Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves Chlorophyll content Canopy Leaf chlorophyll quantity Cotyledon temperature Temperature Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature Cotyledon Computation of seed coat flatness index Surface flatness measures how flat is the surface of seed coat Summer Number of striped flea beetle on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOSFB method Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Yellow-Orange Beets Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Observation of Verticillium wilt susceptibility Leaf Glossiness scale Hairiness scale Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Estimation of Yellows Virus Computation of Soil Tare Evaluation Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight - calculated on 5 samples of 100 beets Number Non Orange beet Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Orange beet number Fructose and glucose content in root Root Free fructose and glucose onfresh matter Fructose and glucose content Embryo sp diameter measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of embryo sp diameter Measurement of Beet Diameter Maximum diameter of single beet Phytoproducts damage Phytoproduct damage Foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Leaf Susceptibility to Fusarium - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Estimation of Fusarium Susceptibility Fungal disease - Stemphylium beticola Susceptibility Stemphylium beticola Susceptibility to yellow leaf spot due to Stemphylium beticola Beet size Size Root Beet size as the ratio of max on min beet width Seed Shattering scale Gross yield Root Root gross yield Productivity - Root gross yield Root Rot Erwinia scale Root Sugar content Invert sugar content in root Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth Number of plant Pests - Moth Intern crown eroded Rhizoctonia Solani susceptibility scale °C Sugar content of beet predicted by a NIRS Estimation of Sugar content of beet SPNBPLTOBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESBLLEG and SPNBPLSYBLLEG SPNBPLDESSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by slug on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Volume Standard deviation of the volume of the embryo Embryo Embryo volume Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility Viral disease - Chlorosis Virus Beet Chlorosis Virus Shape Root Root shape Root shape in longitudinal section Cercospora beticola Susceptibility Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola Fungal disease - Cercospora Beticola Growth rate Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Hypocotyl Hypocotyl lengthening speed Perisperm volume Standard deviation of the volume of the perisperm Perisperm Volume Position Root Part of the root which exceeds the soil Beet position in soil ‰ Flesh Color scale Root Color Root color below ground of a group of single plants Root color Germity scale Date of the seed bearer flowering end Observation of the Flowering End Distribution Importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Flower bract Bract distribution Non Yellow-orange beet number Number Non Yellow-orange beet Number of beets by color not in root color trait Estimation of Beet Cyst Heterodera Schachtii Susceptability to Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Number of plants with sugar beet rust pustules - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Washing Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Summer Number of plants touched by striped flea beetle - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOSFB method Petiole length Length Petiole Minimum petiole length among plants Germination time Germination time Time of the germination of the seed Seed Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants Pests - Noctuid moth caterpillars Number Noctuid moth caterpillars Root Rot Susceptibility scale Number of plants doubled at field emergence : if 2 plants are spaced less than 0.5 * normal distance between 2 seeds - counted at 200°Cd after sowing Counting of Double Plant At Field Emergence Maturity Seed Seed maturity None Beet Cyst Nematode Susceptibility scale Pests - Phemphigus betae Root aphids Susceptibility to root aphids Susceptibility Aphanomyces cochlioides susceptibility scale Productivity - Leaf fresh matter yield Leaf Total fresh matter yield of leaves Fresh matter yield Observe the Manganese Deficiency Estimation of manganese deficiency Computation of Hypocotyl Temperature Delta Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Measurement of Beet Width Half Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the diameter located at the half of the root under the max diameter Bract Distribution Scale Color Color of petiole Petiole Petiole color The length of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Measurement of perisperm length High Temperatures Suceptibility scale Measurement of weight Of Beets After Sorting Weight of beets after sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Susceptibility Heterodera schachtii Pests - Heterodera Schachtii Susceptibility to beet cyst nematode due to Heterodera schachtii Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh, measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Computation of the thicknesses of the seed coat mesh Free Fructose content of root measured on brei (g/100g Fresh matter) Measurement of free Fructose content Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCENTI and SPNBPLSYCENTI SPNBPLTOCENTI method Loss Loss of leaves due to water stress : reference measure based on an image to evaluate total foliar surface Loss of leaves (LAI) Leaf Root alpha-amino nitrogen content Root Alpha-amino nitrogen content Alpha-amino nitrogen content in root Observation of Stem Color Color of the inflorescence stem Broken Root Broken beets Percentage of beets not much broken Diameter of single beet top Measurement of Beet Top Diameter Length Embryo Standard deviation of the embryo length Embryo length Number of plant with AB217 symptoms Number of plant Pests - Millipede Millipede symptoms Ploidy scale Computation of field emergence quality Field emergence quality Emergence quality Plant Susceptibility to Violet Root [Helicobasidium purpureum] Observation of violet root rot susceptibility Measurement of length Leaf Stalk Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk length Weight of beets before sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Susceptibility Fungal disease - Verticillium Verticillium wilt Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Susceptibility to Rust (Uromyces betae) at plot level - 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th notation Estimation of Rust Susceptibility SPNBPLDESCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by crane-fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Cold stress damage Cold stress damage Count the number of frozen beets Plant Vascular disease - Fusarium Susceptibility to Fusarium Fusarium Susceptibility Fungal disease - Rust Rust gravity evolution Gravity Rust Mean spacing between seeds measured on a line of 10 seeds Measurement of seed spacing Counting of millipede guttulatus Pests - Blaniulus guttulatus Millipede guttulatus Number Measurement of the maximum thicknes of the seed coat The maximum thickness of all the measured points on the seed coat in millimeters (mm) Aphanomyces black leg symptoms Pests - Aphanomyces black leg Number of plant Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity scale g/m² leaf Score leaf wilting per plot under drought stress Estimation of drought stress susceptibility Rhizoctonia symptoms Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia Beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot Root AUDPC of CLS AUDPC : Under curve area of CLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Counting the number of plantlets with green hypocotyl after germinating test of a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of green hypocotyl Determination of the percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Visual inspection to observe wether one, two or more glomerules are sticked together into one glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of mutigermicity SPNBPLDESPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by pygmy beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Scale for Flowering Pattern between plants Beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Root Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Radicle Radicle lengthening speed Growth rate Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Counting of hors Pink Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Observation of Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Betacyanin content Evaluation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Leaf betacyanin pattern Leaf Susceptibility Curly top Viral disease - Curly top virus Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Phoma Betae Susceptibility scale g/100g of fresh matter None Observation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Scale for Type Of Root Damage Measurement of free Glucose content by HPLC Free Glucose content of root measured on frozen brei sample (g/100g Fresh matter) by HPLC Computation of seed coat equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the seed coat Cotyledon Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth Area Cotyledon area Standard deviation of the embryo width Embryo Width Embryo width Under progress curve area of LAI evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of LAI Under progress curve area of Chlorophyll content evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of Chlorophyll Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule has only a single embryo and a perisperm without any malformation or defects. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the normal seed SUMNBCOSPMI method Summer Number of spider mites on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola - 1st and 2nd notation Estimation of Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Persiperm width Standard deviation of the perisperm width Perisperm Width Early vigor scale Mesurement of Betaine content by HPLC Betaine content mesured by HPLC on frozen brei sample Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Bacterial disease - Pseudomonas aptata Pseudomonas aptata Susceptibility Count the number of double plants at field emergence Double plant number Number Double plant Mutigermicity Seed Grain germination Germination Area Standard deviation of the external surface area of the perisperm Perisperm area Perisperm Standard deviation of the external surface area of the embryo Embryo area Embryo Area Flesh Coarness scale Leaf Undulation scale SPSHS method Absent/Present beets having symptoms due to Heterodera Schachtii - confirmed by cysts on radicles - evaluated regularly on plants between start of july and end of september Non Pink beet Non Pink beet number Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Computation of Radicle Temperature Delta Productivity - Plant stay green Plant Greeness Evaluation of the average plant stay green Measurement of sodium content of beet mush Root Sodium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Dead plant Count the number of dead plants for a whole plot Number Dead plant number Computation of Ground Cover Rate Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves around 15th of May, 25th of May and 06th of June - using a photography vertically taken Spring / Emergence Number of plant with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYNOMO method Thickness Seed coat maximum thickness Seed coat Standard deviation of the maximum thickness of the seed coat Estimation of Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus External surface area of the embryo measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the embryo AUDPC : Under curve area of RLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of RLS Absent/Present beets touched by beet yellow virus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBYV method Early germination rate Germination rate Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Seed Ring color Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Color Root ring Observation of Hypocotyl pigmentation Hypocotyl pigmentation Measurement of width Leaf Stalk Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk width Root Width Measurement of the average root width Root width A measure of how closely the shape of the embryo resembles that of a perfect sphere Computation of the sphericity index of the embryo Number Counting of black aphids Black aphids Pests - Black aphid Summer Number of blate pits due to mangol fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOMF method SPNBPLTOSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSTNEM and SPNBPLSYSTNEM Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of seed coat shape Crown Measurement of the importance of the crown Importance Crown importance Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot due to Stemphylium beticola Estimation of Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity scale Computation of Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Number of beets with topping class [1], [2], [5] or [6] relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated White sugar content White sugar content in the root Root White sugar content in root Summer Number of thrips on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOTHR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYBLLEG method Germination final rate Germination rate Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Seed Pests - Vole Number of plant Number of plant with vole symptoms Vole symptoms Computation of Beet Roundness Mean Computation of the roundness average by the ratio Length / Width 1/2 after max (measured in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - Higher the ratio is, less round the beet is. SPNBPLDESWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by white grub on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Root Measurement of the average 'green above ground part' Root height Height Number of spider mites on plants Spider mites Pests - Spider mites Number Observation of general appearance of the plot Scoring the general appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Measurement of weight of Root Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root herself Bolting percentage Percentage Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Bolting plant mEq/100g of fresh matter Growth Seedling Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Seedling growth Computation of white sugar content in the root Percentage of white sugar in the root at plot scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by game on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESGAME method Fungal disease - General scoring Plot Observation General appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Purity Juice purity of a brei sample representative from the whole plot Juice Juice purity Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade length Measurement of lenght Leaf Blade Estimation of juice purity from the 'Wieniger & Kubadinov' formula based on impurity (K, Na and Alpha-N) and sucrose contents Determination of juice purity Damping-off complex scale Number Viral disease - Blinkers Counting of blinkers Blinkers Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by aphanomyces black leg on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESBLLEG method Observe the vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Estimation of early vigor Number of beets with topping class Topped root Topped beet number Number Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the seed coat Rugosity index Seed coat Seed coat rugosity index Computation of leaf Area Index Leaf area index evaluated by NIRS Measurement of Content of betacyanin in the beet None Total fresh matter yield of leaves Computation of Fresh Matter Yield of leaves Estimating the percentage of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed in % Computation of seed's filling ratio Measurement of the presence of embryo Automatic detection of the presence of embryo. Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 2D X-Ray. Root Weight of a single beet without leaves Productivity - Beet weight Weight Measurement of cotyledon surface area Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Leaf Color scale Number of leaves Number Leaf number Leaf Pests - Game Number of plant with game symptoms Number of plant Game symptoms Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content predicted by FT-NIR Estimation of dry matter yield Color Stem color Color of the inflorescence stem Stem Evaluation of root damages visually. Wounded referes to significant mass loss. Bruised referes to scratched surface, visible crack with no mass loss. Wounded and bruised are both Observation of Type Of Root Damage Pests - Pygmy beetle Number of plant Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms Pygmy beetle symptoms Sugar content in root Sugar content Quality index with invert sugar Root Estimation of Susceptibility to Phoma betae Susceptibility to Phoma betae Measurement of the perisperm volume Volume of the perisperm measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of petiole width among Width Maximum Mean maximum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Population Plot Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Stand homogeneity Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Measurement of cotyledon final length Productivity - Root dry matter yield Dry matter yield Root dry matter yield estimated by FT-NIR Root Susceptibility to Black Foliar [Aphanomyces cochliodes]. Estimation of Black Foliar Ratings Measurement of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when harvesting single plants Observation of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when In Soil Cuticle thickness Leaf cuticle Thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle General growth type and/or use type Productivity - Plant target use Use Plant Pests - Slugs Number of plant Slug symptoms Number of plant with slug symptoms Sucrose content measured by polarimetry on Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Percentage of Sugar Content General scoring scale Pests - Thrips Number Number of thrips on plants Thrips Observation of Cuticle Thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle (consult with IIRB) Measurement of perisperm shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of glucose content of beet mush glucose of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Automatic detection of the presence of embryo Presence of embryo Presence Embryo Volume of the seed coat measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of the seed coat volume Seed coat Flatness Standard deviation of the flat surface of the seed coat Seed coat flatness Phemphigus betae susceptibility scale Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug Leaves stinged Number of plant Pests - Beet leaf bug Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape Size Seed size Seed Bolting plant Count of bolting plants for a whole plot Number Bolting plant count Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Productivity - Weight Of Beets Plot Weight Glucose content of beet mush Glucose content in root Root Glucose content Type Of Beet scale Normal seed Percentage of normal seeds in a sample Seed Normal Ditylenchus Dipsaci susceptibility scale Summer Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOCRMO method Observation of flowering time Stages of seed bearer flowering Observation of Main color of flesh Observation of Main color of flesh Charcoal Root Rot susceptibility scale Measurement of seed coat width The width of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Calculated as: Σ (n T)/ Σ n, where n = number of seeds newly germinated at time T; T = hours from the beginning of the germination test, Σ n = final germination. Computation of Mean Germination Time Measurement of area of the perisperm External surface area of the perisperm measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Erysiphe betae susceptibility scale SPNBPLSYPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight Productivity - Soil proportion in raw beet weight Soil Proportion SPNBPLTOGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESGAME and SPNBPLSYGAME Counting of wireworms Count of wireworms in a parcel Yield White sugar Productivity - White sugar yield White sugar yield calculated Measurement of dry Matter Content Soluble dry matter content measured on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample with a refractometer - In °Brix Number Non Red beet number Non Red beet Number of beets by color not in root color trait Measurement of perisperm width The width of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Observation of seed maturity None Root Weight Productivity - Root gross weight Root gross weight Foliar surface touched by powdery mildew evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Powdery Mildew Gravity Root Color scale Measurement of the bigerm seed Visual inspection to observe if two embryo present in a single glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. method_of Counting of green apterous aphids Green apterous aphids Pests - Green aphid Number Counting of bolting plant Number of bolting plants for thousand plants at 1500°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2500°Cd and 3000°Cd after sowing Scale for Maximum Beet Diameter Class Number Pests - Striped flea beetle Striped flea beetle Number of striped flea beetle on plants Spring / Emergence Number of plant with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYWHGR method Susceptibility to Rhizoctonia root rot Estimation of Rhizoctonia Solani Susceptibility Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Measurement of Invert sugar content Ramularia beticola susceptibility scale Cumulative thermal time to reach 50% of germination Sum of daily mean temperature minus the base threshold value (germination base temperature Tbgerm) which is necessary from sowing to reach fifty percent germination. Measurement of seed coat sp diameter Seed coat sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Classification of root by maximum diameter Class of the maximum diameter of single beet in cm Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root width Measurement of Mean Root Width Presence of Cercospora nests Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root groove - The closer the number is to 9, the smoother the root is Measurement of Smoothness Score Mean Measurement of embryo width The width of the embryo in millimeter (mm) SPNBPLTOMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESMILL and SPNBPLSYMILL Effect Heterogeneity of growth due to soil structure or soil depth Soil Soil effect Scale for Beet Position In Soil variable_of Summer Number of leaf tunnels due to moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOLEMO method SPNBPLSYCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Observation of Root Shape Root shape in longitudinal section Fusarium Susceptibility scale Pests - Leaf hoppers Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers Number of plant Leaf hoppers Measurement of weight of Root Neck Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root neck Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Number of plants with ramularia leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Observation of below ground of a group Root Color Root color below ground of a group of single plants °Cdays Perisperm sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of perisperm sp diameter h Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Yellow beet number Non Yellow beet undefined None Measurement of alpha-amino nitrogen content of beet mush Root alpha-amino nitrogen content measured by Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Observation of Polymyxa betae susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae Measurement of Mean Root Length Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root length Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus susceptibility sclN Estimation of content predicted by FT-NIR Invert sugar content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Observation of Root Maggot susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Maggot Evaluation of the average plant stay green Evaluation of the average plant stay green Integral of the logistic curve using the population countings at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd Computation of field emergence quality Bigerm seed Percentage of bigerm seeds in a seed sample Seed Bigerm Estimation of Pseudomonas aptata susceptibility Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Measurement of cotyledon temperature Seed volume Volume Total volume of the seed measured Seed Scale for Stay green SUMNBCOMF method Summer Number of mangol flies on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Root Shape scale Counting the number of plants in a plot Counting Powdery Mildew Gravity scale Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Mesure of germinating power Measurement of radicle lengthening speed Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Leaf Height scale Measurement of radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C in Eloncam Measurement of radicle length Stem diameter Diameter Stem Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Individual seed mass Mesasurement of seed mass Quantity of nitrogen in canopy Quantity of nitrogen in canopy - predicted using a NIRS Male Sterility scale Cercospora Beticola susceptibility scale Chlorophyll quantity in leaf (in microgram/cm² of leaf) calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery Quantity of chlorophyll in canopy Measurement of Technical Length Beet length between top and tail Determination of the percentage of Bigerme In Seeds Counting the number of bigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of bigerm seeds Mean minimum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole width among Width Minimum Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCF and SPNBPLSYCF SPNBPLTOCF method