Daphné Verdelet GRIN ROOTAPHIDS Root Aphids GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet DeltaTempRad Radicle Temperature Delta Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez L GLO Leaf Glossiness Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 Daphné Verdelet Germity Florimond Desprez GERM Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Leaf Betacyanin Pattern LeafBcyanin Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOWHGR Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With White Grub Symptoms Standard Deviation Seed Coat lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatLength3d_STD GEVES/INRA SLCOBSO Institut Technique de la Betterave Slugs Counting Before Sowing Daphné Verdelet susceptible 7 Daphné Verdelet Nest Of Cercospora Florimond Desprez NEST 1 rosette stadium WHITE Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Number Of White Beets GEVES/INRA EmptyVolume_STD Standard Deviation Empty Space Volume Daphné Verdelet Beet Chlorosis Virus Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez BChV Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHBSO 9 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) 1 highly susceptible SPSRCRR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Of Rhizoctonia Crown And Root Rot 1 absent SeedGrade GEVES/INRA Seed Size Grade Daphné Verdelet 0 Immune 3 2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface]]> 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Millipede Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESMILL Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet Beet Mild Yellowing Virus BMYV Florimond Desprez Summer Number Of Plant With Eroded Intern Crown - Moth Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOCRMO Daphné Verdelet LeafFreshMat Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Leaf Fresh Matter Yield No symptom (Infection 0%) 1 healthy 0 7 Use unknown 4 orange susceptible 7 Summer Number Of Plants With Blate Touched By Spider Mite Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLLESPMI Daphné Verdelet 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 Florimond Desprez Length Leaf Stalk L STA Daphné Verdelet YELNB Daphné Verdelet Number Of Yellow Beets Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Leaf blade : Ratio Length / Width Florimond Desprez LE/WI Medium 5 Standard Deviation Embryo Volume EmbVol_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 0 no leaf yellowing Embryo Shape VA3d EmbShapeVA3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 2 susceptible Daphné Verdelet GEVES PerispSpDiameter_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm SpDiameter mm BRANC Branched Beet Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Hypocotyl Temperature Delta GEVES/INRA DeltaTempHyp Daphné Verdelet Double Plant At Field Emergence DBFEMER Institut Technique de la Betterave Rotten Gross Gravity Institut Technique de la Betterave ROGROGRAV Daphné Verdelet 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYFLBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 WGTPORO Weight Proportion Of Root Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 7 All plants are covered with light white mycellum (Infection 60%) GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Embryo Lenght 3d EmbLength3d_STD Daphné Verdelet entire red 9 5 intermdiate L UND Florimond Desprez Leaf Undulation Daphné Verdelet Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 7 Seed Coat Rugosity index GEVES/INRA SeedCoatRugosity Daphné Verdelet Radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C Daphné Verdelet GEVES RadLg GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatSurfArea Seed Coat Surface Area 1 very resistant Distinct large brown necrotic sppots on most leaves + start coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 GREEN Florimond Desprez Stay Green Daphné Verdelet Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae. PolymyxaBetae GRIN Daphné Verdelet SM/POL-IS Florimond Desprez Molasse Sugar (F) / % Sugar Daphné Verdelet Radicle Final Length (At 110°Cd) Daphné Verdelet RadFnlLg GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet WIWOCO Institut Technique de la Betterave Wireworms counting Daphné Verdelet Nirs Leaf Area Index NILAI Institut Technique de la Betterave Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet RUSTAUDPC Rust AUDPC Florimond Desprez CRRF Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina - Foliar Ratings Daphné Verdelet Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) - 35% dead plants 4 GEVES/INRA SeedCoatEqDiameter_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet Fodder_beet ontology Sugar_beet ontology 1 No infection 1 Empty Mangod Fly (Pegomyia betae) Blate Pits And Maggot Counting Daphné Verdelet MFCO Institut Technique de la Betterave Flowering Start Daphné Verdelet FLoweringStart International Data Base for Beta International Data Base for Beta FlorweringTime Daphné Verdelet Flowering Time very much 9 Seed Coat Flatness SeedCoatFlatness GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Fibrous 8 Institut Technique de la Betterave Field Emergence Quality Daphné Verdelet FIEMERQUAL Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Thrips Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOTHR Daphné Verdelet Bigerm seed Bigerm seed GEVES/INRA LABGLC Daphné Verdelet Lab - Glucose Content Of Beet Mush Institut Technique de la Betterave narrow obtriangular 6 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 Florimond Desprez BSI M Beet Size Mean Daphné Verdelet Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) 6 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) - 80% dead plants 7 Daphné Verdelet ROOTMAGGOT GRIN Root Maggot All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) 9 Green Vegetation Cover Over An Area Institut Technique de la Betterave FCOVER Daphné Verdelet CRR Daphné Verdelet Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Percentage Of White Sugar % WS 7 Strong Rust – Uromyces Betae Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez RUST SPNBPLDESPYBE Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Pygmy Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Shape VA3d SeedCoatShapeVA3d_STD GEVES Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Nb Of Bolters/Nb Of Beets BOLT/ International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Leaf Number LeafNb GEVES/INRA CotylSrf Daphné Verdelet Cotyledon Surface Area (At 110°Cd) Daphné Verdelet Type Of Root Damage BEDAMA Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Beet Cyst Nematode (Bcn) – Heterodera Schachtii Heterodera Schachtii BCN GRIN/Florimond Desprez Beet Cyst Nematode GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbSphericity_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Sphericity index FleshCoarness Root Flesh Coarness Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Vole Symptoms SPNBPLTOVOLE Institut Technique de la Betterave Maximum Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image Daphné Verdelet REFLAImax Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOSFB Summer Number Of Striped Flea Beetle On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave CLDIAMBRE Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez DROU Drought Stress Daphné Verdelet Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 2 2 White to yellow 5 overtopped with under half of max diameter bundle rings visible WGTPOTO Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Proportion Of Top DM/HA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Yield 6 red Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBCOSPMI Summer Number Of Spider Mites On Plants Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Maximum Beet Diameter Institut Technique de la Betterave BEDIAM Florimond Desprez Number Of Pink Beets PINK Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet RONETGRAV Rotten Net Gravity Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Erwinia Rot – Erwinia Betavasculorum GRIN/Florimond Desprez Erwinia Rot Root Rot Erwinia ERW GEVES/INRA Normal seed Normal seed Daphné Verdelet 2 Yellow Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOPYBE Daphné Verdelet 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOMF Summer Number Of Blate Pits Due To Mangold Fly Institut Technique de la Betterave Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Invert Sugar Venema %IS V Daphné Verdelet 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing (>5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) Number Daphné Verdelet NUMB. Florimond Desprez Leaf Position LPOSI Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 very hard 9 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Equivalent Diameter EmbEqDiameter_STD TWI M Tip Width Mean Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHROBE Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Centipede Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOCENTI Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOGAME Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Game Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Aphanomyces Black Leg Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESBLLEG Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) - 65% dead plants 6 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 undertopped with no petioles 3 7 semi-prostrate totally touched leaf 10 Institut Technique de la Betterave SPSRH Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Having Rhizopus Symptoms Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) 8 GACO Institut Technique de la Betterave Green Apterous Aphid Counting Daphné Verdelet intermediate 5 Orange 3 Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Betaine HPLC BETAH BSN Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Beet Stem Nematode – Ditylenchus Dipsaci Blinkers Florimond Desprez BLINK Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatEqDiameter 1 No infection (100% plant stand) Standard Deviation Perisperm Volume PerispVol_STD GEVES Daphné Verdelet No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 Summer Number Of Plant With Perforated Leaves Due To Noctuid Moth Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTONOMO Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbWidth3d Embryo Width 3d Sclerotium rolfsii Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez SCLE Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYBLLEG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOLEH Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Leaf Hoppers weak Gen Ap 2 BractDistrib Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Bract Distribution Standard Deviation Seed Coat Rugosity index SeedCoatRugosity_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet 0 absent GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Width 3d SeedCoatWidth3d Damping-off complex Daphné Verdelet DAMP Florimond Desprez 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESNOMO Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Noctuid Moth Institut Technique de la Betterave 4 - 6 cm 3 Perisperm Lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet PeriLength3d GEVES/INRA 3 light green Standard Deviation Embryo SpDiameter mm GEVES Daphné Verdelet EmbSpDiameter_STD 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 3 Hairs very parse Type Of Beet TYPE Daphné Verdelet GRIN Virtual Seed Size Grade GEVES/INRA VirtualSeedGrade Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet MALESTER Male Sterility GRIN EmbFeretShape3d Embryo Feret Shape 3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA GEVES/INRA Germination Base Water Potential PSI b Germ Daphné Verdelet 0 Glabrous - hairs completely absent 8 Other (specify) Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez SBRM SugarBeet Root Maggot - Tetanops myopaeformis 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) Daphné Verdelet Petiole Width - Minimum GRIN PETWIDMIN Vein clearing of heart leaves, slight pimpling of veins on the underside of leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 2 2 Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Flatness SeedCoatFlatness_STD GEVES/INRA Institut Technique de la Betterave REFLAI Daphné Verdelet Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image 8 Only a few green leaves - Plot looks dominantly yellow (>80% plants with symptoms)(Infection 80%) 1 4.5 - 7 cm Very weak stay green 1 Institut Technique de la Betterave Ground Cover Rate Daphné Verdelet GC All plants are covered with thick white mycellum (Infection 80%) 8 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 3 semi-erect No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 Leaf and root veg. 3 Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYMILL Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Millipede Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Tb Seedling Daphné Verdelet Seedling Growth Base Temperature GEVES/INRA Institut Technique de la Betterave GRAVSBR Daphné Verdelet Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Hour of germination at 10°C GEVES Daphné Verdelet HGerm Florimond Desprez BOLC Bolters Counting Daphné Verdelet Hypocotyl Color Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez HYPOCOTYL resistant 3 Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta SeedMaturity Seed Maturity Florimond Desprez VRR Daphné Verdelet Violet Root Rot (VRR) – Helicobasidium Purpureum PETLENMAX Daphné Verdelet Petiole Length - Maximum GRIN Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYSLUG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Slug Symptoms 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) Multigerm seed Multigermicity GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet highly tolerant 5 Purple 5 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) - Cercospora Beticola Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez CLS 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) RLS Florimond Desprez Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) - Ramularia beticola Daphné Verdelet 1 No infection Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Striped Flea Beetle SPNBPLDESFLBE Institut Technique de la Betterave EmbFeretShape3d_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Feret Shape 3d 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched Maximum Green Vegetation Cover FCOVERmax Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 8 Severe infection: few plants surviving, others dead (± 80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) Maximum Beet Diameter Class Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet CLBEDIAM Intermediate infection (± 40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 6 GEVES Standard Deviation Embryo Surface Area Daphné Verdelet EmbSurfArea_STD 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Daphné Verdelet RadSpd GEVES/INRA Radicle Lengthening Speed (Root = 20 Mm) Embryo Surface Area EmbSurfArea GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Slight infection - Plot still looks green as dominant colour (>10% plants with clear yellow symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 Florimond Desprez White Sugar Yield W&K WSY Daphné Verdelet intermediate 5 SPNBPLDESGAME Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Game Daphné Verdelet Fusarium FUSA Fusarium Yellows – Fusarium Oxysporum & Secorum Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez Very strong Gen Ap 5 Petiole Width - Maximum PETWIDMAX Daphné Verdelet GRIN irregular 9 1 No infection (100% plant stand) 9 No plant left (0% plant stand) Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Noctuid Moth Symptoms SPNBPLSYNOMO Daphné Verdelet Mean Root Length RLEN Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Perisperm Surface Area PerispSurfArea GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet WGHASO Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets After Sorting No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) Daphné Verdelet RhizoYellow GRIN Rhizomania Yellowing Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) 4 2 Single plants with slight yellowing (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) Daphné Verdelet GEVES Perisperm Shape VA3d PerispShapeVA3d GR/PL Daphné Verdelet Gross Weight/Plot Florimond Desprez WIBLA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Width Leaf Blade SPNBPLTOSLUG Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Slug Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Florimond Desprez Pseudomonas aptata PSEU Daphné Verdelet leaf from regrowth 11 SUMNBCOMF Summer Number Of Mangold Flies On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Embryo SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet GEVES EmbSpDiameter 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) 4 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbVol Embryo Volume No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 Root Shape ROOTSHAPE Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez GEVES/INRA Abnormal seed Daphné Verdelet Abnormal seed 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Younger leaves wilting)(Infection 80%) 8 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet GermFnlRt Germination Final Rate 3 Orange Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Daphné Verdelet NMBREBE Institut Technique de la Betterave GRIN/Florimond Desprez ARR Black Root – Aphanomyces Cochlioides Daphné Verdelet Aphanomyces Root Rot (Arr) – Aphanomyces Cochlioides 5 highly tolerant Institut Technique de la Betterave GRAVRLS Daphné Verdelet Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet NINIPL Nirs - Nitrogen Quantity In Plot CLSAUDPC Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) Audpc Daphné Verdelet Root Aphids [1-4] ROOTAPHID GRIN 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Topping Quality TOPQUAL Daphné Verdelet PeriEqDiameter GEVES/INRA Perisperm Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet General Scoring GEN. Florimond Desprez red purple 7 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Sugar % S Florimond Desprez bracts to the top 9 Summer Number Of Beet Leaf Bug On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOBLB 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez MAGNE Manganese Deficiency 9 No plant left (0% plant stand) VERT Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Verticillium No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 Daphné Verdelet WGHBSR Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal GEVES/INRA SumTemp50pctGerm Daphné Verdelet Temperature Sum To Reach 50% Germination SOITARE Soil Tare Evaluation = %TARE Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet WGTPORN Weight Proportion Of Root Neck Institut Technique de la Betterave Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Lab - Amino Nitrogen Content Of Beet Mush LABAN mM N Institut Technique de la Betterave NICHLOROPPL Nirs - Chlorophyll Quantity In Plot Daphné Verdelet SPTBYV Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Yellow Virus Daphné Verdelet Bolting Number Daphné Verdelet BOLN Institut Technique de la Betterave Broad elliptic 4 Daphné Verdelet GRIN Cluster Fasciation CLUSTERFAS Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Stem Nematode Symptoms SPNBPLTOSTNEM Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESVOLE Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Vole Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Due To Heterodera Schachtii SPSHS Institut Technique de la Betterave 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) Percentage Of Bigerme In Seeds Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BIGER Daphné Verdelet Yellow Leaf Spot (YLS) – Stemphylium beticola Florimond Desprez YLS A single plant shows yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a single yellow plant (Infection 2%) 2 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) SeedCoatSurfArea_STD GEVES Standard Deviation Seed Coat Surface Area Daphné Verdelet weak 3 leaf from regrowth 11 Sbr Audpc Institut Technique de la Betterave SBRAUDPC Daphné Verdelet FLWRPATB Daphné Verdelet Flowering Pattern – Between plants GRIN Seed Mass GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedMass Florimond Desprez WHIL Wilting Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESSTNEM Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Stem Nematode Daphné Verdelet 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) EARLY Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Early Vigor Summer Number Of Moth On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBCOMO Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez WISTA Width Leaf Stalk Daphné Verdelet Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) 7 Institut Technique de la Betterave SPRPOP Spring Population Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet FEROBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBCONOMO Summer Number Of Noctuid Moth Caterpillars On Plants Daphné Verdelet 9 All older and younger leaves wilting or dead (Infection 100%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESWHGR Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By White Grub Institut Technique de la Betterave MILLCO Millipede (Blaniulus guttulatus) Counting Daphné Verdelet Gross Weight/T Per Ha Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez GR/HA Daphné Verdelet DM Downy Mildew (DM) – Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Florimond Desprez S/HA Sugar Yield Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 3 circular 0 Immune Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez K + Na KNa Monogerm and multigerm mixed 2 very resistant 1 Yellow 5 Daphné Verdelet PeriWidth3d_STD GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Persiperm Width 3d Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Bolting Start BolStart Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Volume PerispVol GEVES/INRA ARF Daphné Verdelet Aphanomyces cochlioides - Foliar Ratings Florimond Desprez Spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) 2 intermediate stay green 3 Daphné Verdelet DeltaTempCot Cotyledon Temperature Delta GEVES/INRA Institut Technique de la Betterave SMPOL Daphné Verdelet Sm/Pol strong damages 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 1 Very strong deficiency Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Loss of leaves due to Water stress REFLAIloss GEVES/INRA Empty Space Volume EmptyVolume Daphné Verdelet 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) Embryo Sphericity index Daphné Verdelet EmbSphericity GEVES/INRA Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 SPNBPLTOCF Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Crane-Fly Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Millipede Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOMILL Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Striped Flea Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOSFB attribute Rhizoctonia Root Rot (RRR) – Rhizoctonia Solani Daphné Verdelet RRR GRIN/Florimond Desprez THE M Daphné Verdelet Top Height Mean Florimond Desprez 1 Determinate First coealescing spots on one or two (old) leaves (Infection 20%) 5 9 All plants are covered with grey powdery mycellum (Infection 100%) Green 1 4 weak deficiency 1 some present on the lower part SeedCoatMaxThickness_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Maximum Thickness Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets After Washing Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHAWA SMO M Daphné Verdelet Smoothness Score Mean Florimond Desprez Florimond Desprez Leaf Height LHEIG Daphné Verdelet Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave FELERLS Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYCENTI Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Centipede Symptoms Stem Number Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta StemNb Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew FELEPM Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 DEADP Florimond Desprez Dead Plants Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatThick Mean Seed Coat Thickness GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet No deficiency 5 Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESCENTI Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Centipede Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SOIHUM Soil Humidity Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 7 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 Petiole Length - Minimum PETLENMIN Daphné Verdelet GRIN Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) 7 3 Red Daphné Verdelet KG/PL Florimond Desprez Net Weight/Plot Daphné Verdelet Area Under Progress Curve Of FCOVER Over Time Institut Technique de la Betterave FCOVERAUPC Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds HYPGR Daphné Verdelet PHYTO Damage By Phytoproducts Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 4 < 10% flower T/HA Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Net Weight/Ha Daphné Verdelet % DM Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Content Non-swollen 7 Lab - Chlorophyll Quantity In Leaf = CHLO1 Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet LACHLOROLE Embryo Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet EmbEqDiameter GEVES/INRA 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched Florimond Desprez Rhizomania BNYVV Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus (BNYVV) Daphné Verdelet GEVES EGermRt Early germination rate Daphné Verdelet Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 Frozen Beets FROST Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez GEVES/INRA CotylFnlLg Daphné Verdelet Cotyledon Final Length (At 110°Cd) SeedCoatShapeVA3d Seed Coat Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES PerispShapeVA3d_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES Standard Deviation Perisperm Shape VA3d Florimond Desprez Betaine NIR BETAN Daphné Verdelet Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 5 Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) STAND Florimond Desprez Stand Homogeneity Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet GEVES PerispSurfArea_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm Surface Area Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOBLLEG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Mild Yellowing Luteovirus SPTBMYV Institut Technique de la Betterave Beet Top Diameter Institut Technique de la Betterave TODIAM Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms SPNBPLTOFLBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez DMNIR Daphné Verdelet Dry Matter Content NIR MGT Daphné Verdelet Mean Germination Time GEVES/INRA Institut Technique de la Betterave Lab- Sugar Content Of Beets Mush Daphné Verdelet LABSC Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) 3 Daphné Verdelet POP Institut Technique de la Betterave Number of Plant / Parcel Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Noctuid Moth Symptoms SPNBPLTONOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Magnesium Deficiency Mg Daphné Verdelet LEAFHAIR Leaf Hairiness Daphné Verdelet GRIN WGHASR Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet BWIDM Florimond Desprez Beet Width Max Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Beet Leaf Bug SUMNBPLTOBLB 1 narrow ellipic Cuticle Thickness GRIN Daphné Verdelet CUTICLE 1 Very heterogeneous Weight Of Leaves WGHLE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Germinating Power Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GEPOW 0 healthy 2 heterogeneous Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 2 wounded fully bolting < 10% flowering, 10-50% flower 5 NIBSC Institut Technique de la Betterave Nirs - Sugar Content Of Beets Daphné Verdelet Seed Filling Ratio GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet FillingRatio 8 The 3, 4 remaing leaves with 50% decayed; other dead (Infection 80%) 4 Slight infection (± 10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Crane-Fly SPNBPLDESCF Daphné Verdelet No plant left (± 0% plant stand) - 100% dead plants 9 red 7 SeedCoatSpDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES Standard Deviation Seed Coat SpDiameter mm Spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) 3 Flowering Pattern – Within plants GRIN Daphné Verdelet FLWRPATW spotted 3 Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat lenght 3d SeedCoatLength3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatVol Seed Coat Volume GEVES/INRA GRIN/Florimond Desprez PM Daphné Verdelet Powdery Mildew (PM) – Erysiphe betae Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 One embryo 2 Slight to intermediate infection (± 20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 5 Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Slug SPNBPLDESSLUG Daphné Verdelet Beet Position In Soil RPOSI OCVV/International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet 7 Strong SPNBPLSYVOLE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Vole Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 1 No infection Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed (Old leaves starting wilting)(Infection 60%) 7 medium 5 3 Only a few plants show yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a few yellow plants (Infection 5%) Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Western SPTBW Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBCOTHR Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Thrips On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 Most plants moderately yellowing (<10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 All plants have yellow leaves, none have green leaves _ Plot colour dominantly yellow (Infection 100%) 9 5 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Tb Germ Germination Base Temperature Daphné Verdelet Beet Weight BEWGT Institut Technique de la Betterave Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 First large brown necrotic spots, spots on one or two leaves (Infection 20%) 5 LANILE Lab - Nitrogen Quantity In Leaf Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 5 very strong damages - the whole plot is burned susceptible 7 Daphné Verdelet GRAVPM Institut Technique de la Betterave Powdery Mildew Gravity low 3 Biomass 6 strong stay green 5 10 totally touched leaf 3 nymphs present, few adults present Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Juice Purity W&K W & K Florimond Desprez G Fructose %FRUC Daphné Verdelet 5 Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) 0 healthy REGRO Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Leaf Regrowth Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYGAME Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Game Symptoms Plants only have green leaves - Plot looks 100% green (Infection 0%) 1 Petiole Color Daphné Verdelet PETIOLECOL GRIN LABNA Lab - Sodium Content Of Beet Mush mM Na Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms French Top Mean Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez FRT M resistant 3 Soil Effect Daphné Verdelet SOIL Florimond Desprez 5 > 8 cm Very hairy 7 Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Stem Color StemColor Perisperm Sphericity index GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet PeriSphericity Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) 4 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 1 erect Yellow 2 Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Stem Nematode Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYSTNEM SeedVol GEVES/INRA Seed Volume Daphné Verdelet entity TECHLGT Technical Length Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Surface Area SeedSurfArea Daphné Verdelet Empty seed Empty seed GEVES/INRA GEVES/INRA PeriEqDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Equivalent Diameter Summer Number Of Leaf Tunnels Due To Moth SUMNBPLTOLEMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms SPNBPLSYPYBE Daphné Verdelet 2 partly monogerm /partly multigerm BYV Beet Yellows Virus Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Institut Technique de la Betterave FELESBR Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Daphné Verdelet 7 susceptible Orange 5 3 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 5 medium Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Crane-Fly Symptoms SPNBPLSYCF Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Institut Technique de la Betterave LAIAUPC Area Under Progress Curve Of LAI Over Time Daphné Verdelet 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 1 white 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) Daphné Verdelet Seedling Betacyanin Content International Data Base for Beta SeedlingBcyanin Daphné Verdelet EmbLength3d Embryo Lenght 3d GEVES/INRA Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) - 95% dead plants 8 several plants left (± 80% plant stand) - 20% dead plants 3 very resistant 1 Curly Top Virus CTOP Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez Curly Top 2 2 or more colonies, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Lenght 3d PeriLength3d_STD GEVES/INRA Embryo Length GEVES/INRA EmbLength Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BWIDH Beet Width Half Slight leaf curl of the edge of new leaves; pimpling on the veins of the underside of the leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 3 3 weak stay green 2 Daphné Verdelet Leaf Dry Matter Content LeafDryMat International Data Base for Beta very little 1 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With White Grub Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYWHGR Daphné Verdelet 4 6 - 8 cm Daphné Verdelet Blistering Florimond Desprez BLIST No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 Daphné Verdelet Seed Spacing Institut Technique de la Betterave SEEDSP Sugar extraction 5 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Root Color R COL Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Daphné Verdelet FELECLS Institut Technique de la Betterave Standard Deviation Embryo Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES EmbShapeVA3d_STD 3 intermediate Gen Ap intermediate 3 Mixed 4 Seed Shattering Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta SeedShattering 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) Most leaves moderately curling; more than half of the upper surface of the leaf visible - Majority of plants with Score = 4 4 Daphné Verdelet TOTHI Top Thickness Institut Technique de la Betterave % SUG Daphné Verdelet G Fructose + Glucose Florimond Desprez 3 bruised Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 4 strong stay green Percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Daphné Verdelet TWIN Florimond Desprez GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Perisperm Sphericity index Daphné Verdelet PeriSphericity_STD Narrow elliptic 1 6 Narrow triangular Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 LABK Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez mM K Daphné Verdelet Lab - Potassium Content Of Beet Brei sample 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched intermediate vigor 3 no nymphs or adults present 1 Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta FloweringEnd Flowering End 3 intermediate damages 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 5 Slight stunting, severe leaf curling; less than half of the upper leaf surface visible due to curling; most of the larger leaves still erect - Majority of plants with Score = 5 totally touched leaf 10 Daphné Verdelet Area Under Progress Curve Of Chlorophyll Over Time Institut Technique de la Betterave CABAUPC Daphné Verdelet RINGCOLOR Ring Color GRIN GEVES Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatVol_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Volume No damages 1 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) - 50% dead plants 5 Immune 0 Indeterminate 2 Strong 7 0 - 2 cm 1 5 moderate Institut Technique de la Betterave Thermal time after emergence to reach X% of Green Vegetation Cover TTFCOVER Daphné Verdelet Distinct yellow spots on most leaves but not many brown necrotic spots (Infection 10%) 4 5 medium PHOMA Daphné Verdelet Phoma Betae Florimond Desprez untopped with petioles longer than 2 cm 1 intermediate 5 leaf from regrowth 11 9 higly susceptible Light pink 8 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 strong deficiency 2 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) Asynchronous 2 Immune 0 2 starting to bolt 6 Candy Striped, alternating red and green streaks on bolted flower stalks and larger lateral branches. 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 Standard Deviation Seed Coat Width 3d SeedCoatWidth3d_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet 5 Most of the plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 20%) intermediate deficiency 3 No infection (Infection 0%) 1 Distinct spots on most leaves (> 100 pots and rust spores starting to develop)(Infection 10%) 4 1 No plant with symptoms (Infection 0%) 1 No infection (100% plant stand) 5 hairy leaf from regrowth 11 Florimond Desprez RND M Daphné Verdelet Beet Roundness Mean absent 0 A few plants still standinf, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 8 very resistant 1 yellow 3 Entire defoliation (caution : regrowth !!!) (Infection 100%) 9 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 Percentage Of Invert Sugar Kit Daphné Verdelet %IS K Florimond Desprez 4 Fodder Large number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>60% plants with symptoms)(Infection 60%) 7 No infection 1 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) Remaining leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Infection 80%) 8 Daphné Verdelet DMNHA Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Yield NIR No wilting (Wilting 0%) 1 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 Red 4 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) First leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) 7 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Width 3d EmbWidth3d_STD GEVES/INRA tolerant 4 1 Very weak Gen Ap Stunting, slight yellowing; most leaves becoming prostrate - Majority of plants with Score = 6 6 9 - 11 cm 3 2 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) White 1 GRIN FLESHCOLOR Flesh Color Daphné Verdelet 1 No wilting (Wilting 0%) RLSAUDPC Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) Audpc Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 3 resistant Life form (ie life cycle) GRIN LIFEFORM Daphné Verdelet 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 2 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) GRIN Daphné Verdelet End Use ENDUSE More than 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) 7 4 multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering 50 to 95% of root surface very homogeneous 5 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched G Glucose Florimond Desprez %GLUC Daphné Verdelet 5 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez RED Number Of Red Beets Daphné Verdelet Length Leaf Blade Florimond Desprez L BLA 6 Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) Yellow spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) 2 8 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) weak 3 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) MITOPBE Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Entire defoliation - caution : regrowth !!! (Infection 100%) 9 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) > 15 cm 6 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 Seed Coat Maximum Thickness SeedCoatMaxThickness GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet PeriWidth3d GEVES/INRA Persiperm Width 3d GEVES/INRA HypSpd Hypocotyl Lengthening Speed (Hyp = 25 Mm) Daphné Verdelet 5 red vein 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) Nirs - Dry Matter Of Beets Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet NIBDM 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 1 Synchronous 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 5 multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering >95% of root surface 5 intermediate 2 - 4 cm 2 wounded and bruised 4 3 resistant 1 very tender EmbPres Presence Of Embryo GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet prostrate 9 No infection 1 very resistant 1 BeetShape Beet Shape Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta 4 Highly multigerm (>5) Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 2 undertopped with petioles shorter than or equal to 2 cm 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 7 - 9 cm 2 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) acronym Many plants with yellowing, only few plants green (>80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) 8 bolting 3 Daphné Verdelet PerispSpDiameter Perisperm SpDiameter mm GEVES higly susceptible 9 absent 1 Number Of Orange Beets ORANG Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 1 High : branched beet Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 5 strong vigor 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 9 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms GEVES/INRA Tx% Daphné Verdelet Time To Reach X% Of Germination 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 Stem Diameter StemDiam Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta 4 11 - 13 cm Weight Of Beets Before Washing Daphné Verdelet WGHBWA Institut Technique de la Betterave Florimond Desprez SBRA Daphné Verdelet SugarBeet Root Aphid - Phemphigus betae 9 All plants severly damaged, no plants green (Infection 100%) 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 present 9 SeedCoatSpDiameter GEVES Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat SpDiameter mm 1 very resistant 8 fibrous Some plants with totally yellow leaves (>20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 5 Distincts spots on most leaves but not coalescing (Infection 10%) 4 5 Purple susceptible 7 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 correctly topped 4 9 higly susceptible Leaf Color Daphné Verdelet L COL Florimond Desprez Florimond Desprez TOT. Bolters Total Number Daphné Verdelet 1 highly susceptible 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 4 Spots on nearly all leaves (Infection 10%) broad elliptic 4 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 5 pink Severe stunting, yellowing; leaves prostate and some leaves dead - Majority of plants with Score = 7 7 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet YORNM Number Of Yellow-Orange Beets nymphs present, mant adults present 4 Leaf vegetable 1 4 Red 7 high 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) yellow / light green 2 1 Monogerm Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 4 tolerant weak vigor 2 TRIGE Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds Daphné Verdelet All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) 9 susceptible 7 Daphné Verdelet Crane-Fly Counting Before Sowing CFCOBSO Institut Technique de la Betterave 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 5 First coalescing spots on one or twi leaves (Infection 20%) 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet PM Audpc PMAUDPC medium 5 Almost no infection (few plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) 2 13 - 15 cm 5 narrow oblong 5 intermediate <0.1 not branched beet 0 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 Yellow orange 4 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) Intermediate number of yellowing plants - Plot looks slightly yellow (>20% plants with symptoms)(Infection 20%) 5 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) green / light green 2 Pink 2 HeatTol_E INRA Daphné Verdelet High Temperatures Suceptibility 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched BACO Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Black Aphid Counting 1 Fertile inflorescence half way up 5 Twins 3 1 White 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 5 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 3 Circular 3 3 intermediate Spots on most leaves easely visible (around 75-100 spots)(Infection 5%) 3 6 Increasing number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>40% plants with symptoms)(Infection 40%) Pink 9 3 weak Daphné Verdelet Mean Root Width RWIDT Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet GRAVCLS Institut Technique de la Betterave Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 7 Old leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) non damaged 1 Elliptic 2 strong vigor 4 Plant dead - Majority of plants with Score = 9 9 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 3 Several plants with infection (± 5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 3 A few yellow spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) 2 Semi-fertile, more or less dehiscent anthers angled topped 6 1 White 2 elliptic 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 3 resistant Several plants show spots on leaves (Infection 5%) 3 Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 3 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 6 50-100% flower 2 Root vegetable 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 Immune 0 2 nymphs present, no adults present 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 2 Spots on one or two leaves (around 25-50 spots)(Infection 2%) Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 2 Very weak vigor 1 homogeneous 4 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 9 No plants left (Infection 100%) 3 tender 3 resistant intermediate 3 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 Medium 5 intermediate 5 hard 7 susceptible 2 1 Monogerm 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched Ploidy PLOI GRIN Daphné Verdelet Only the center few whorls of leaves green and alive - Majority of plants with Score = 8 8 3 Completely male sterile, black or brown anthers 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 2 A few spots in the plot (Infection 2%) 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched 5 intermediate 1 No Symptoms - Majority of plants with Score = 1 4 strong Gen Ap Multigerm 3 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) no aphid colonies nor wax present 0 little 1 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 2 weak damages 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 dark 7 No infection 1 3 Weak intermediate 5 8 a few plants still standing, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 7 non-swollen Multigerm (2-4) 3 0 healthy 1 one colony, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each 3 green All plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 40%) 6 higly susceptible 9 Yellow 3 9 100 percent leaf yellowing Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 9 Thick 7 Strong present 1 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 5 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) 9 Narrow oblong 5 totally touched leaf 10 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) No infection (100% plant stand) 1 9 higly susceptible 0 Thin 2 almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) - 10% dead plants 7 > 90% past flowering Susceptibility to Root Aphids Estimation of root aphids susceptibility Sugar yield Beet sugar yield Root Productivity - Beet sugar yield count unit Susceptibility to violet root due to Helicobasidium purpureum Fungal disease - Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility Helicobasidium purpureum Root gross yield calculated in t/ha Computation of root gross yield Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Measurement of on early germination Rate Measurement of chlorophyll in leaves Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves - measured in laboratory Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the embryo Diameter Embryo equivalent diameter Embryo Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus susceptibility sclN Determination of the beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Observation of Bolting Start Productivity - Root gross weight Root gross weight Root Weight Susceptibility to Rhizomania scored by the yellowing of the canopy; 0 is none and 9 is most yellowing. Observation of Rhizomania susceptibility Seedling growth Seedling Growth Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Volume Total volume of the seed measured Seed volume Seed Scale for Stay green Estimation of manganese deficiency Observe the Manganese Deficiency Root Measurement of the average 'green above ground part' Root height Height Measurement of the presence of embryo Automatic detection of the presence of embryo. Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 2D X-Ray. SPNBPLTOBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESBLLEG and SPNBPLSYBLLEG Number of blinkers at level plot due to sensitive plant to rhizomania Counting of blinkers Time of reach x% of germination Time to reach x% of the total number of seeds, x = 10 to 90 Measurement of seed coat length The length of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) SPTBYV method Absent/Present beets touched by beet yellow virus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september Seed Bearer Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Susceptibility to Rhizoctonia root rot Estimation of Rhizoctonia Solani Susceptibility SUMNBPLTOLEMO method Summer Number of leaf tunnels due to moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end AUDPC : Under curve area of RLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of RLS Measurement of Mean Root Length Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root length Maximal diameter Width Root Beet width Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Measurement of radicle lengthening speed mm3 mm/h Measurement of Technical Length Beet length between top and tail SPSRCRR method Absent/Present beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot - evaluated at the end of summer Mesure of germinating power Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Leaf Height scale Computation of Embryo Length Maximal length of the embryo extracted from the virtual embryo skeleton and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Radicle temperature Temperature Radicle Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature Observe the Magnesium Deficiency 1 + Alter, Magnesium Deficiency 2 + Alter Estimation of magnesium deficiency Number of plant Pests - Aphanomyces black leg Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms Aphanomyces black leg symptoms Visual inspection to observe wether one, two or more glomerules are sticked together into one glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of mutigermicity Number Bolting plant Count of bolting plants for a whole plot Bolting plant count Observation of Root Shape Root shape in longitudinal section Ramularia beticola Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Susceptibility Fungal disease - Ramularia beticola Measurement of the volume of the empty space in the seed The volume of the empty space in the seed measured in mm3 Embryo area Embryo Area Standard deviation of the external surface area of the embryo Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Number of plants with ramularia leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Damage by powdery mildew Leaf Damage by powdery mildew Fungal disease - Powdery Mildew Spring / Emergence Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYBLLEG method Ring Color scale Measurement of seed volume Total volume of the seed measured in cubic millimeter (mm3) Embryo shape characterisation index Computation of feret shape value of the embryo SPNBPLTOVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESVOLE and SPNBPLSYVOLE Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOBLB method Counting of bolters First, second, third and fourth count of bolting plants for a whole plot Fungal disease - Cercospora Beticola Susceptibility Cercospora beticola Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola Type Of Beet scale Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Computation of rotten net gravity SUMNBPLTONOMO method Summer Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Early vigor Plant Vigor Vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Leaf Average of leaf position on a group of single plants Position Leaf position Number of dead plants for a whole plot Counting of Dead Plants % Leaf area index (LAI) evolution AUPC of leaf area index Area index LAI Leaf Evaluation of topping quality visually, 1 and 2 are undertopped, 3 and 4 are well topped and 5 and 6 are overtopped Topping Quality Perisperm sphericity index Perisperm Sphericity index Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the perisperm SUMNBPLTOSFB method Summer Number of plants touched by striped flea beetle - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end AUDPC of PM AUDPC : Under curve area of PM gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth Cotyledon area Area Cotyledon Embryo Standard deviation of the volume of the embryo Volume Embryo volume Leaf Weight Weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Leaf weight Dry matter yield Root Root dry matter yield estimated by FT-NIR Productivity - Root dry matter yield SPNBPLSYWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Measurement of the maximum thicknes of the seed coat The maximum thickness of all the measured points on the seed coat in millimeters (mm) Measurement of free Fructose content Free Fructose content of root measured on brei (g/100g Fresh matter) SUMNBPLTOMF method Summer Number of blate pits due to mangol fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Susceptibility to Root Aphids Observation of Root Aphids susceptibility Mean minimum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole length among Length Minimum Root Potassium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of potassium content of beet mush Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth Number of plant Intern crown eroded Pests - Moth Observation of Leaf Regrowth Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Measurement of nitrogen in leaves Quantity of nitrogen in leaves - measured in laboratory Root Shape scale Volume Seed coat volume Standard deviation of the volume of the seed coat Seed coat Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCENTI and SPNBPLSYCENTI SPNBPLTOCENTI method Classification of root by maximum diameter Class of the maximum diameter of single beet in cm Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade length Measurement of lenght Leaf Blade SPNBPLSYCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves None Observation of seed maturity Measurement of embryo sp diameter Embryo sp diameter measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Flowering pattern between plants Observation of flowering pattern between plants Weight of beets before soil removal for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Number of plant Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug Leaves stinged Pests - Beet leaf bug Betacyanin content Seedling Betacyanin content in seed Seedling Betacyanin Content index The width of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Measurement of embryo width Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the persiperm Perisperm Diameter Perisperm equivalent diameter Root Beet western Viral disease - Beet western Beets touched by beet western Leaf Estimation of manganese deficiency Manganese deficiency Manganese deficiency The width of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Measurement of perisperm width mm Pests - Centipede Number of plant with centipede symptoms Centipede symptoms Number of plant Root alpha-amino nitrogen content Alpha-amino nitrogen content Alpha-amino nitrogen content in root Root Number Topped root Number of beets with topping class Topped beet number Computation of Soil Tare Evaluation Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight - calculated on 5 samples of 100 beets Cotyledon temperature Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature Cotyledon Temperature Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Weight of beets before sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Beet Cyst Nematode Susceptibility scale Embryo Shape Embryo Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the embryo Leaf area index (LAI) evaluated by NIRS Leaf area index (LAI) LAI Leaf Area index Loss of leaves (LAI) Leaf Loss of leaves due to water stress : reference measure based on an image to evaluate total foliar surface Loss Measurement of seed coat width The width of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Rotten beet number Rotten root Number of rotten beets Number Root sodium content Sodium content Root Sodium content in root Cuticle Thickness scale Ring color Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Root ring Color Susceptibility to rust due to Uromyces betae Fungal disease - Uromyces betae Uromyces betae Susceptibility Determination of the percentage of Bigerme In Seeds Counting the number of bigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of bigerm seeds Observation of root maggot using de Lee Campbell Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility to root maggot using de Lee Campbell disease scoring scale Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th notation Counting of Cercospora beticola Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Productivity - Weight Of Beets Plot Weight Mean Filling rate Seed filling ratio The ratio of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed Seed Beet Yellows Virus scale Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non White beet number Non White beet Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci - plot-basis score based on the number of root presenting symptoms (stunting, swelling and rotting) Estimation of Ditylenchus dipsaci susceptibility Seed mass Seed Individual seed mass Mass Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by centipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESCENTI method Minimum petiole width among plants Width Petiole width Petiole Number Double plant number Count the number of double plants at field emergence Double plant Root Length Root length Measurement of the average root length Bolting percentage Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Bolting plant Percentage Measurement of radicle length Measurement of radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C in Eloncam Volume of the perisperm measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of the perisperm volume Measurement of gross weight Root gross weight / microplot in kg/ha Visual inspection to observe if the glomerulus is abnormal either by an embryonic malformation or by a perisperm defect . The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the abnormal seed Measurement of Beet Width Max Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the maximal diameter Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Estimation of Yellows Virus Fusarium Susceptibility scale Root Rot Susceptibility scale Root net weight / microplot in kg/ha Measurement of net weight Fungal disease - Ramularia Damage by Ramularia Damage by Ramularia Leaf Ditylenchus Dipsaci susceptibility scale Pests - Mangold fly Number of mangol flies on plants Mangol flies Number Damping-off complex scale Hypocotyl lengthening speed Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Hypocotyl Growth rate White sugar yield calculated in t/ha. Computation of white sugar yield Determination of the average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Glossiness Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia Beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot Root Rhizoctonia symptoms Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by crane-fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESCF method Rhizoctonia Solani susceptibility scale Number of plant Pests - Millipede Number of plant with AB217 symptoms Millipede symptoms Leaf Betacyanin Pattern scale Observation of lifeform Life form of the accession Observation of Polymyxa betae susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae Surface flatness measures how flat is the surface of seed coat Computation of seed coat flatness index Susceptibility to downy mildew due to Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Fungal disease - Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Susceptibility Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the embryo Sphericity index Embryo Embryo sphericity index Observation of flowering time Stages of seed bearer flowering Flesh Main color of flesh Flesh color Color Computation to estimate seed size Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Soil Effect Heterogeneity of growth due to soil structure or soil depth Soil effect Roundness Beet roundness Root Beet roundness Computation of the sphericity index of the perisperm A measure of how closely the shape of the perisperm resembles that of a perfect sphere Bacterial disease - Erwinia Betavasculorum Erwinia Betavasculorum Susceptibility Susceptibility to root rot due to Erwinia Betavasculorum None Observation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Computation of Radicle Temperature Delta Black aphids Pests - Black aphid Number Counting of black aphids Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by aphanomyces black leg on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESBLLEG method mEq/100g of fresh matter Root Sodium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of sodium content of beet mush Ground coverage Ground coverage by plant leaves Leaf Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves Measurement of top Height Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average 'green above ground part' Plot population Population Plot Productivity - Plant productivity Observation of Hypocotyl pigmentation Hypocotyl pigmentation Cover Green vegetation Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Green vegetation cover Measurement of dry Matter Content Soluble dry matter content measured on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample with a refractometer - In °Brix Counting of hors Pink Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Measurement of perisperm shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Number of bolting plants for thousand plants at 1500°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2500°Cd and 3000°Cd after sowing Counting of bolting plant Diameter Class of the maximum diameter of single beet Beet diameter Root Leaf Productivity - Leaf fresh matter yield Fresh matter yield Total fresh matter yield of leaves Spring / Emergence Number of plant with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYNOMO method Number of plants with sugar beet rust pustules - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Wilting scale Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Total number of bolting plants Glucose content in root Root Glucose content of beet mush Glucose content Absent/Present beets touched by beet western - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBW method Size Seed Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape Seed size Degree of male sterility Male fertility Male flower Sterility Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Yellow beet Non Yellow beet number Number Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Yellow Beets Summer Number of moth on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOMO method Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Stem Number Stem number Scale for Type Of Root Damage Root aphids susceptibility scale 1 Hypocotyl pigmentation Color Hypocotyl Hypocotyl color Aphanomyces Root Rot susceptibility scale Pests - Crane-fly Crane-fly symptoms Number of plant Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root neck Measurement of weight of Root Neck Millipede guttulatus Counting of millipede guttulatus Pests - Blaniulus guttulatus Number Stem Color scale Seed Germination rate Germinating power Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Flowering time Plant Flowering time Stages of seed bearer flowering Number of slugs on 0.25 sqm using traps - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Counting of Slugs Before Sowing Susceptibility Polymyxa betae Fungal disease - Polymyxa betae Susceptibility to root rot due to Polymyxa betae Observation of Bract Distribution Description of the importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants None Seed shattering Seed Shattering Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Susceptibility Bacterial disease - Pseudomonas aptata Pseudomonas aptata Measurement of perisperm length The length of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Counting of Curly top Curly Top Leaf chlorophyll quantity Canopy Chlorophyll content Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves Measurement of cotyledon temperature Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Leaf Height Plant height on a group of single plants Leaf height Flowering end time Flowering end time Plant Date of the seed bearer flowering end weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Measurement of weight of leaves Normal Percentage of normal seeds in a sample Seed Normal seed AUPC of LAI Under progress curve area of LAI evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of the crown - The higher the number is, the more the crown tare is. Measurement of French Top Mean Root Percentage of beets not much broken Broken beets Broken Seedling disease Soil fungal disease Susceptibility to seedling disease Susceptibility Measurement of the importance of branched beet Branched beet Branched Root method_of Weight of beets after washing for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Washing Score leaf wilting per plot under drought stress Estimation of drought stress susceptibility Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by game on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESGAME method cm Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by stem nematode on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESSTNEM method Measurement of Beet Width Half Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the diameter located at the half of the root under the max diameter mg Bract Distribution Scale Measurement of area of the perisperm External surface area of the perisperm measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Absent/Present Phytoproducts damage Phytoproduct damage Leaf Foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Counting of green apterous aphids Green apterous aphids Pests - Green aphid Number Blistering scale Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Estimation of green pixels An Area Life form Plant life forme (ie life cycle) state : annual, biannual, perenial… Plant life cycle state Plant Computation of the thicknesses of the seed coat mesh Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh, measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Root Beet length Length Beet length between top and tail Percentage of monogerm seeds Counting the number of monogerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of monogerm seeds Total Bolting plant count Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Number Bolting plant Weight Productivity - Beet weight Root Weight of a single beet without leaves Topping quality scale Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Curly top Viral disease - Curly top virus Susceptibility Susceptibility to Sclerotium root rot Estimation of Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Measurement of Stem Diameter Viral disease - Beet yellows virus Susceptibility Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Beet Yellows Virus t/ha m²/m² Scoring the general appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Observation of general appearance of the plot SPNBPLDESSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by slug on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves None Estimation of flesh coarness Computation of the rugosity index of the seed coat Surface characterization of the Seed Coat Susceptibility to Rhizomania Rhizomania Susceptibility Viral disease - Rhizomania Root net yield calculated in t/ha Computation of root net yield Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility scale Measurement of Invert sugar content Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Sugar yield calculated in t/ha Computation of sugar yield AUDPC : Under curve area of SBR gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of SBR Counting of hors White Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Computation of field emergence quality Emergence quality Field emergence quality Plant External surface area of the embryo measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the embryo Plant Plant wilting Plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress Wilting White grub symptoms Number of plant Pests - White grub Number of plant with white grub symptoms Estimation of magnesium deficiency Magnesium deficiency Leaf Magnesium deficiency Susceptibility to Root Maggot Observation of Root Maggot susceptibility None Seed maturity Maturity Seed Class of the diameter of the root at the point of break in cm for single beet Classification of root by diameter Seed Germination Grain germination Mutigermicity Beet Shape scale Measurement of alpha-amino nitrogen content of beet mush Root alpha-amino nitrogen content measured by Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Leaf Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Regrowth Leaf regrowth Leaf hairiness Presence of hairiness of leaf surface Hairiness Leaf Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. Estimation of heat tolerance Rotten beet weight Rotten root Weight Productivity - Rotten beet weight Number of black aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of black aphids Pests - Pegomyia betae Blate pits Number Counting of blate pits Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESGAME and SPNBPLSYGAME SPNBPLTOGAME method Summer Number of thrips on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOTHR method Flowering pattern within plants Observation of flowering pattern within plants SPNBPLTOSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSTNEM and SPNBPLSYSTNEM Observation Blistering Observation of the leaf blade Leaf blade h Observe the vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Estimation of early vigor Total fresh matter yield of leaves Computation of Fresh Matter Yield of leaves Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity scale Maximum diameter of single beet Measurement of Beet Diameter Invert sugar content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Estimation of content predicted by FT-NIR Seed Percentage of bigerm seeds in a seed sample Bigerm Bigerm seed Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the seed coat Length Seed coat Sphere Diameter Seed coat Non Yellow-orange beet number Non Yellow-orange beet Number of beets by color not in root color trait Number Computation of dry matter yield Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content measured by refractometer Seed coat Standard deviation of the external surface area of the seed coat Area Seed coat area Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Presence of Cercospora nests Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Embryo Embryo length Standard deviation of the embryo length Length Pygmy beetle symptoms Number of plant Pests - Pygmy beetle Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani Susceptibility Susceptibility to root rot due to Rhizoctonia solani Computation of white sugar content in the root Percentage of white sugar in the root at plot scale Measurement of sugar content of beet mush Sugar content (saccharin) of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Esitimation of Susceptibility to Downy Mildew None Counting of leafs Charcoal Root Rot susceptibility scale Pests - Leaf hoppers Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers Number of plant Leaf hoppers Counting of millipede guttulatus Count of millipede in a parcel Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESFLBE and SPNBPLSYFLBE SPNBPLTOFLBE method Scale for Flowering Pattern between plants Curly top virus susceptibility scale Measurement of embryo shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Counting of Crane-fly Before Sowing Number of crane-flies on 0.25 sqm using traps with bait - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh Seed coat Seed coat thickness Thickness Susceptibility to Erysiphe - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Estimation of Susceptibility to Erysiphe Seed coat flatness Standard deviation of the flat surface of the seed coat Flatness Seed coat Juice purity of a brei sample representative from the whole plot Juice purity Juice Purity Root aphids susceptibility scale 2 Computation of quality index without Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization /quantity of extractable sugar - Formula without Invert sugar (glucose) Ploidy scale SPNBPLSYFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Counting the number of genetic twins seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of twins Determination of the percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content predicted by FT-NIR Estimation of dry matter yield Germination final rate Seed Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Germination rate Computation of Beet Roundness Mean Computation of the roundness average by the ratio Length / Width 1/2 after max (measured in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - Higher the ratio is, less round the beet is. Leaf blade Leaf blade width Width Leaf blade width on a group of single plants Branched Beet scale Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility scale A measure of how closely the shape of the embryo resembles that of a perfect sphere Computation of the sphericity index of the embryo Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Proportion Rotten root Productivity - Rotten gravity Seed area Area Seed External surface area of the hole seed measured Estimation of Powdery Mildew Gravity Foliar surface touched by powdery mildew evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Computation of quality index with Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization / quantity of extractable sugar - Formula including Invert sugar (glucose) mm² °C None Observation of beet shape Determination of ploidy Determination by flux cytometer of the level of ploidy Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus Root Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Root tip Measurement of the average width of broken apical part Tip width Width Degree of male sterility Degree of male sterility Estimation of Inflorescence cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster fasciation Computation of Beet Size Mean Ratio Max Width / Width 1/2 after max (meausred in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - High = cylindric beet; Low = conical beet Measurement of Mean Root Width Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root width Susceptibility to Black Root (Aphanomyces cochliodes). Estimation of Black Aphanomyces Cochlioides Betaine content mesured by HPLC on frozen brei sample Mesurement of Betaine content by HPLC Observe the growth of plants per plot and rate the heterogeneity due to soil structure or soil depth Estimation of soil effect Summer Number of mangol flies on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOMF method Susceptibility Root maggot Susceptibility to root maggot Pests - Root maggot Counting the number of trigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of trigerm seeds Determination of the percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Computation of Hypocotyl Temperature Delta Leaf cuticle Cuticle thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle Thickness Estimation of matter content predicted with FT-NIR Soluble dry matter content predicted with FT-NIR on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample Leaf Number of leaves Leaf number Number Root Root color below ground of a group of single plants Color Root color Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Number of plants with cercospora leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (if no treatment - If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Seed coat lenght Seed coat Standard deviation of the seed coat length Length Seed coat Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the seed coat Seed coat Shape Pests - Phemphigus betae Root aphids Susceptibility to root aphids Susceptibility Stem Diameter Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Stem diameter Seed Seed quality Percentage of trigerm seeds in a seed sample Trigerm Date SPNBPLTOPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESPYBE and SPNBPLSYPYBE Height of top of the beet Measurement of Top Thickness unitless Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Washing Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Susceptibility Susceptibility to root rot due to Sclerotium rolfsii Fungal disease - Sclerotium rolfsii Sclerotium rolfsii Counting of wireworms Count of wireworms in a parcel Volume of the embryo measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of the embryo volume SPNBPLDESMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by millipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Leaf stalk Length Leaf stalk length on a group of single plants Leaf stalk length Counting of number of plant after sowing Number of plants / parcel counted at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd thermal time after sowing Length Leaf blade Leaf blade length on a group of single plants Leaf blade length Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the seed coat Seed coat rugosity index Rugosity index Seed coat Flowering Time scale SPNBPLDESNOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Perisperm SpDiameter Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the perisperm Perisperm Length Abnormal Abnormal seed Seed Percentage of abnormal seeds in a sample Beets having rhizopus symptoms Fungal disease - Rhizopus Rhizopus symptoms Root Pests - Thrips Thrips Number of thrips on plants Number Standard deviation of the shape factor of the perisperm Perisperm Shape Shape Perisperm SPNBPLTONOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESNOMO and SPNBPLSYNOMO Presence Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Fungal disease - Cercospora Cercospora nests Susceptibility to beet cyst nematode due to Heterodera schachtii Pests - Heterodera Schachtii Susceptibility Heterodera schachtii HeatTol Growth of plants under heat condition and rate the tolerance Plant Heat stress tolerance Heat stress tolerance Seed coat width Standard deviation of the seed coat width Seed coat Width kg Seed coat sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of seed coat sp diameter Leaf Color scale Observation of Verticillium wilt susceptibility Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Automatic detection of the presence of embryo Presence of embryo Presence Embryo Observation of Main color of flesh Observation of Main color of flesh Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESWHGR and SPNBPLSYWHGR SPNBPLTOWHGR method Fungal disease - Stemphylium beticola Susceptibility to yellow leaf spot due to Stemphylium beticola Stemphylium beticola Susceptibility Root Rot Erwinia scale Computation of Germination Base Water Potential Water potential threshold value under which germination does not occur Estimation of juice purity from the 'Wieniger & Kubadinov' formula based on impurity (K, Na and Alpha-N) and sucrose contents Determination of juice purity Sugar content Invert sugar content in root Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit Root Summer Number of spider mites on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOSPMI method SPNBPLTOCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCF and SPNBPLSYCF Susceptability to Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii) Estimation of Beet Cyst Heterodera Schachtii Percentage of Sugar Content Sucrose content measured by polarimetry on Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Root color below ground of a group of single plants Observation of below ground of a group Root Color Computation of Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Number of beets with break diameter less or equal to 2 cm relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Root shape Shape Root Root shape in longitudinal section SPNBPLSYSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Multigermicity scale Estimating the percentage of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed in % Computation of seed's filling ratio Susceptibility Ditylenchus dipsaci Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci Pests - Ditylenchus dipsaci Susceptibility to Rhizomania - 1st, 2nd and 3rd notation Estimation of Rhizomania Rhizomania Number of plant Game symptoms Pests - Game Number of plant with game symptoms Observation of leaf position Determination of the average of leaf position on a group of single plants Computation of Ratio Length / Width of leaf blade Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Seed coat equivalent diameter Diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the seed coat Seed coat Date of the seed bearer flowering start Flowering start time Flowering start time Plant Date of the seed bearer flowering end Observation of the Flowering End variable_of Leaf blade ratio Leaf blade Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Ratio g/m² leaf Hairiness of leaf surface Observation of Hairiness of leaf surface Weight of rotten beets parts relative to gross weight of beets Computation of rotten gross gravity Early germination rate Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Seed Germination rate Measurement of beet weight Weight of a single beet without leaves Tetanops myopaeformis susceptibility scale Observation of Root Aphid susceptibility Susceptibility to root aphid scoring at harvest presence of aphid colonies on the outside of the beet root in combination with presence of wax using the Hutchinson and Campbell disease scoring scale Germination time Seed Time of the germination of the seed Germination time Leaf nitrogen quantity Quantity of nitrogen in leaves (in g/m²) Canopy Nitrogen content Ramularia beticola susceptibility scale Determination of the percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Counting the number of plantlets with green hypocotyl after germinating test of a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of green hypocotyl Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth Cotyledon Cotyledon length Length AUPC of Chlorophyll Under progress curve area of Chlorophyll content evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures Pests - Striped flea beetle Striped flea beetle Number Number of striped flea beetle on plants None undefined Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Observation of Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility Leaf Glossiness scale Root Color scale Dry matter content Root Dry matter content in root Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Counting Counting the number of plants in a plot Radicle lengthening speed Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Radicle Growth rate Early vigor scale Observe the plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress at plot scale Observation of the plant wilting Ploidy Determination of ploidy level Plant ploidy level Plant Radicle length 7 days after the seed germination Radicle length Length Radicle Number Bolting plant Number of bolting plants for thousand plants after sowing Bolting plant number Seed Germination time Grain germination time Germination time Scale for Flowering Pattern within plants Embryo Sphere Diameter Length Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the embryo Embryo Seed Shattering scale SPNBPLDESVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by vole on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Integral of the logistic curve using the population countings at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd Computation of field emergence quality Measurement of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when harvesting single plants Observation of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when In Soil Perisperm sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of perisperm sp diameter Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Dry matter predicted by a NIRS Empty space Empty space volume Volume Standard deviation of the volume of the empty space in the seed Determination of the plant height on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Height Flesh Coarness scale Cercospora Beticola susceptibility scale Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk length Measurement of length Leaf Stalk Measurement of free Glucose content by HPLC Free Glucose content of root measured on frozen brei sample (g/100g Fresh matter) by HPLC Measurement of matter Matter Content Total dry matter content of leaves Evaluation of the average plant stay green Plant Greeness Productivity - Plant stay green Productivity - Root net yield Root net yield calculated Net yield Root Sum of daily mean temperature minus the base threshold value (germination base temperature Tbgerm) which is necessary from sowing to reach fifty percent germination. Cumulative thermal time to reach 50% of germination Scale for Seedling Betacyanin Content External surface area of the hole seed measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of seed Surface Area External surface area of the seed coat measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the seed coat Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Beet Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility Viral disease - Chlorosis Virus Evaluation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Leaf Betacyanin content Leaf betacyanin pattern Susceptibility to Rust (Uromyces betae) at plot level - 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th notation Estimation of Rust Susceptibility g/100g of fresh matter SPSHS method Absent/Present beets having symptoms due to Heterodera Schachtii - confirmed by cysts on radicles - evaluated regularly on plants between start of july and end of september Susceptibility Root aphids Susceptibility to root aphids Pests - Root aphids Observation of Color of petiole Observation of Color of petiole Phytoproducts damages scale Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal Weight of beets after soil removal for the entire plot Shape Embryo feret shape Standard deviation of the diameter of the embryo corresponds to the maximum extent in a given direction Embryo Male Sterility scale Computation of germination Base Temperature Temperature threshold value under which germination does not occur SPNBPLDESFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by striped flea beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Pseudomonas aptata scale None Observation of seed shattering Start time Bolting Beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Bolting start time Measurement of the seed coat volume Volume of the seed coat measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by top Measurement of weight Of Top Seed spacing Distance Measurement of seed spacing Seed Number of plants doubled at field emergence : if 2 plants are spaced less than 0.5 * normal distance between 2 seeds - counted at 200°Cd after sowing Counting of Double Plant At Field Emergence Width Root Measurement of the average root width Root width Volume Perisperm Standard deviation of the volume of the perisperm Perisperm volume Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Estimation of Pseudomonas aptata susceptibility Spider mites Number Pests - Spider mites Number of spider mites on plants Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk width Measurement of width Leaf Stalk Counting of hors Yellow-Orange Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Scale for Stand Homogeneity Summer Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOCRMO method SPTBMYV method Absent/Present beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september Quantity of chlorophyll in canopy Chlorophyll quantity in leaf (in microgram/cm² of leaf) calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery Erysiphe Susceptibility Susceptibility to Erysiphe Fungal disease - Erysiphe betae Measurement of Final Rate Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Root Fructose content in root Fructose content Free fructose content of root measured Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root herself Measurement of weight of Root Summer Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCONOMO method Soil Humidity Soil Measurement of soil humidity Humidity Empty seed Seed Empty Percentage of empty seeds in a sample Estimation of Black Foliar Ratings Susceptibility to Black Foliar [Aphanomyces cochliodes]. Single beet weight constituted by top Root weight Root Weight Glossiness Leaf blade Average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade glossiness Perisperm area Area Standard deviation of the external surface area of the perisperm Perisperm Measurement of seed spacing Mean spacing between seeds measured on a line of 10 seeds Green vegetation Green vegetation cover (FCOVER) evolution AUPC of green vegetation cover Cover Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule is empty and therefore does not contain an organ. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the empty seed Non Red beet number Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Red beet Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Measurement of hypocotyl lengthening speed Potassium and sodium content Potassium and sodium content in the root Root Potassium and sodium content in root Germity scale Measurement of cotyledon final length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Hypocotyl Color scale Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility to black root due to Aphanomyces cochlioides Fungal disease - Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves around 15th of May, 25th of May and 06th of June - using a photography vertically taken Computation of Ground Cover Rate Determination of the average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Color Counting of green apterous aphids Number of green apterous aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Evaluation of LAI loss : 0 if no loss to -1 if 100% loss Evaluation of LAI AUPC Chlorophyll Leaf Chlorophyll content evolution Chlorophyll content Root Sugar content Quality index with invert sugar Sugar content in root Root White sugar content in the root White sugar content in root White sugar content Susceptibility to root maggot due to Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility Tetanops myopaeformis Pests - Tetanops myopaeformis Individual seed mass Mesasurement of seed mass Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root groove - The closer the number is to 9, the smoother the root is Measurement of Smoothness Score Mean Measurement of cotyledon surface area Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) ‰ Computation of Seedling Growth Base Temperature Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Crown Importance Measurement of the importance of the crown Crown importance Leaf blade Leaf blade undulation Undulation Average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Population Plot Stand homogeneity Sum of Free Fructose and Glucose (g/100g Fresh matter) Computation of Free Fructose and Glucose Beet Chlorosis Virus susceptibility scale Mean maximum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole length among Length Maximum Rotten parts of beets are cut and weighed together Measurement of Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Downy Mildew Susceptibility scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by pygmy beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESMILL and SPNBPLSYMILL SPNBPLTOMILL method Embryo width Standard deviation of the embryo width Width Embryo Phemphigus betae susceptibility scale Counting of Stem Number Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster Fasciation Potassium content Root Potassium content in root Root potassium content Seed size measured using sieves Measurement of Size Grade Drought Stress scale SPSRH method Absent/Present beets having rhizopus symptoms - evaluated at the end of summer Estimation of Beet Yellowing Virus Susceptibility to Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Computation of Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Number of beets with topping class [1], [2], [5] or [6] relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Standard deviation of the perisperm width Width Perisperm Persiperm width µg/cm² leaf Length Petiole length Petiole Minimum petiole length among plants Viral disease - Blinkers Number Blinkers Counting of blinkers Sugar content of beet predicted by a NIRS Estimation of Sugar content of beet Root Fructose and glucose content Free fructose and glucose onfresh matter Fructose and glucose content in root Evaluation of root damages visually. Wounded referes to significant mass loss. Bruised referes to scratched surface, visible crack with no mass loss. Wounded and bruised are both Observation of Type Of Root Damage Spring / Emergence Number of plant with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYVOLE method Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing virus Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Susceptibility Susceptibility to beet mild yellowing Virus Susceptibility to Fusarium Fusarium Susceptibility Vascular disease - Fusarium Scoring of foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Observation of foliar damages by phytoproducts SPNBPLSYGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Length Standard deviation of the perisperm length Perisperm Perisperm lenght Number of plant with vole symptoms Number of plant Vole symptoms Pests - Vole Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew Number of plants with powdery mildew spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the embryo Computation of embryo equivalent diameter Plant population after sowing Number Plant Number of plants after sowing AUDPC : Under curve area of RUST gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of RUST Observation of Leaf Undulation Determination of the average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Violet Root Rot susceptibility scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSLUG and SPNBPLSYSLUG SPNBPLTOSLUG method Computation of Mean Germination Time Calculated as: Σ (n T)/ Σ n, where n = number of seeds newly germinated at time T; T = hours from the beginning of the germination test, Σ n = final germination. Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by white grub on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESWHGR method Measurement of petiole width among Width Minimum Mean minimum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Susceptibility to Phoma betae Estimation of Susceptibility to Phoma betae Fungal disease - Verticillium Verticillium wilt Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Susceptibility Count the number of frozen beets Cold stress damage Cold stress damage Plant Fungal disease - Rust Gravity Rust Rust gravity evolution Counting of hors Orange Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) glucose of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Measurement of glucose content of beet mush Leaf Position scale Counting of wireworms Number Pests - Wireworms Wireworms The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the seed coat Computation of seed coat equivalent diameter Measurement of petiole width among Width Maximum Mean maximum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). SUMNBCOSFB method Summer Number of striped flea beetle on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Date of the seed bearer flowering start Observation of the Flowering Start Fungal disease - Phoma betae Susceptibility Phoma betae Susceptibility to Phoma betae Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Pink beet number Non Pink beet Number Evaluation of root damages visually Root Root damage Damange Leaf Total dry matter content of leaves Dry matter content Dry matter content of leaves Flower bract Importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Distribution Bract distribution Hairiness scale SPNBPLSYSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Soil Proportion Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight Productivity - Soil proportion in raw beet weight Susceptibility to Violet Root [Helicobasidium purpureum] Observation of violet root rot susceptibility General growth type and/or use type Plant Productivity - Plant target use Use Sugar Beet Rust Gravity scale Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Orange beet number Non Orange beet Observation of Stem Color Color of the inflorescence stem Estimation of Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot due to Stemphylium beticola Visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants (whole microplot) of the leaf blade Observation of blistering Calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery (in m²/m²) Evaluation of total foliar surface Leaf area index evaluated by NIRS Computation of leaf Area Index Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Observation of rings color Scale for Maximum Beet Diameter Class Estimation of Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity Foliar surface touched by cercospora leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Population Spring Spring population Plan population 400°Cd after sowing Root Maggot susceptibility scale Observe the plants per plot under frost condition and count the number of frozen beets Countind of frozen beets Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule has only a single embryo and a perisperm without any malformation or defects. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the normal seed Scale for Beet Position In Soil Color Color of petiole Petiole Petiole color Susceptibility to Fusarium - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Estimation of Fusarium Susceptibility Humidity of soil in % Measurement of Soil Humidity Stemphylium beticola susceptibility scale Ratio Aphanomyces cochlioides susceptibility scale Computation of perisperm equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the perisperm Average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Leaf blade Leaf blade color Color Damage by sugar beet rust Leaf Damage by sugar beet rust Fungal disease - Sugar beet rust Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Estimation of Chlorosis Virus Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of branched beet - The higher the number is, the more forked the root is. Measurement of Branched Beet Weight Productivity - Root net weight Root net weight Root Measurement of Beet Top Diameter Diameter of single beet top General scoring scale Stem color Stem Color Color of the inflorescence stem Measurement of seed coat shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Powdery Mildew Gravity scale Erysiphe betae susceptibility scale Measurement of width Leaf blade Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade width Thickness Top root Top beet thickness Height of top of the beet Quantity of nitrogen in canopy - predicted using a NIRS Quantity of nitrogen in canopy None Measurement of Content of betacyanin in the beet AUDPC of CLS AUDPC : Under curve area of CLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Measurement of weight Of Beets After Sorting Weight of beets after sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Number of rotten beets on samples of 160 beets break down to percentage Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Thickness of leaf cuticle (consult with IIRB) Observation of Cuticle Thickness Under progress curve area of FCOVER evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of FCOVER Summer Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOLEH method Sum of Potassium and Sodium content in the root Computation of Potassium and Sodium content Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility Fungal disease - Macrophomina Phaseolina Spring / Emergence Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYCF method Scale for Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Summer Number of plants with blates touched by spider mites - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLLESPMI method Root Betaine content by FT-NIR Betaine content in root Betaine content End Use scale Number of plant Pests - Noctuid moth Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth Perforated leaves Measurement of Tip Width Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average width of broken apical part Score of Susceptibility to Rust Observation of Erwinia rot susceptibility Susceptibility to Erwinia Rot Productivity - Root gross yield Root gross yield Gross yield Root Summer Number of beet leaf bug on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOBLB method Temperature Hypocotyl Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature Hypocotyl temperature Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola - 1st and 2nd notation Estimation of Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Percentage of bolters Scale for Presence Of Embryo Life form scale Beet size Root Beet size as the ratio of max on min beet width Size Seed coat Seed coat maximum thickness Thickness Standard deviation of the maximum thickness of the seed coat Measurement of embryo length The length of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Rhizomania Yellowing susceptibility scale SPNBPLSYMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Evaluation of the average plant stay green Evaluation of the average plant stay green General appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Fungal disease - General scoring Observation Plot Pests - Slugs Slug symptoms Number of plant with slug symptoms Number of plant Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample White sugar Yield Productivity - White sugar yield White sugar yield calculated Foliar surface touched by sugar beet rust evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants Pests - Noctuid moth caterpillars Noctuid moth caterpillars Number Drought stress Leaf Drought stress susceptibility Leaf wilting under drought stress Estimation of Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Foliar surface touched by ramularia leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms Number of plant Pests - Stem nematode Stem nematode symptoms Petiole Color scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYPYBE method °Cdays General growth type and/or use type. Observation of type Of Beet Hour of germination at 10°C in Eloncam Measurement of germination hour in Eloncam Number of blate pits due to mangod fly with indication of maggot presence or not per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of blate pits Damping-off complex Susceptibility to seedling disease due to soil-borne fungi (Aphanomyces cochlioides, R. solani, Pythium spp., Phoma betae) Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Red Beets Flesh Color scale Flesh coarness Evaluation of flesh coarness Coarness Flesh Root Shape Shape of the beet Beet shape Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity scale Dead plant Number Dead plant number Count the number of dead plants for a whole plot Leaf Undulation scale scale_of Quality Productivity - Topping quality Topping Evaluation of topping quality visually Part of the root which exceeds the soil Root Beet position in soil Position Measurement of the bigerm seed Visual inspection to observe if two embryo present in a single glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Mineral Deficiency scale High Temperatures Suceptibility scale Measurement of the average root groove Smoothness Root Smoothness Beet Mild Yellowing Virus susceptibility scale Mpa Leaf stalk Leaf stalk width Leaf stalk width on a group of single plants Width Phoma Betae Susceptibility scale Leaf Regrowth scale SUMNBPLTOTHR method Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by thrips - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end