Standard Deviation Seed Coat lenght 3d SeedCoatLength3d_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet intermediate 3 GEVES/INRA Germination Base Temperature Daphné Verdelet Tb Germ 2 Indeterminate SUMNBPLTOSFB Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Striped Flea Beetle SPNBPLSYVOLE Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Vole Symptoms 4 correctly topped WGHASO Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets After Sorting GEVES Radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C Daphné Verdelet RadLg 5 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) Daphné Verdelet Frozen Beets Florimond Desprez FROST 1 Empty Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHBSR Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave RONETGRAV Rotten Net Gravity Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Having Rhizopus Symptoms SPSRH Institut Technique de la Betterave Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOLEH Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Leaf Hoppers Daphné Verdelet Seed Surface Area GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedSurfArea Number Of Orange Beets Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez ORANG Daphné Verdelet Bolters Counting BOLC Florimond Desprez ARF Aphanomyces cochlioides - Foliar Ratings Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Nirs - Chlorophyll Quantity In Plot NICHLOROPPL WGTPOTO Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Proportion Of Top 3 intermediate deficiency Fusarium Daphné Verdelet Fusarium Yellows – Fusarium Oxysporum & Secorum FUSA GRIN/Florimond Desprez Institut Technique de la Betterave Area Under Progress Curve Of FCOVER Over Time Daphné Verdelet FCOVERAUPC PETWIDMAX Petiole Width - Maximum GRIN Daphné Verdelet Stunting, slight yellowing; most leaves becoming prostrate - Majority of plants with Score = 6 6 Molasse Sugar (F) / % Sugar Florimond Desprez SM/POL-IS Daphné Verdelet Beet Roundness Mean RND M Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Embryo Sphericity index GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbSphericity GEVES EmbVol_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Volume SUMNBCOMO Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Moth On Plants Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESBLLEG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Aphanomyces Black Leg Institut Technique de la Betterave 3 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Beet Weight BEWGT All plants are covered with thick white mycellum (Infection 80%) 8 Multigerm 3 EmbSurfArea_STD GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Surface Area Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) 4 KG/PL Daphné Verdelet Net Weight/Plot Florimond Desprez susceptible 2 3 4 - 6 cm Length Leaf Stalk Daphné Verdelet L STA Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Empty Space Volume EmptyVolume_STD GEVES/INRA 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 0 Glabrous - hairs completely absent YORNM Daphné Verdelet Number Of Yellow-Orange Beets Florimond Desprez BOLN Bolting Number Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) GEVES/INRA VirtualSeedGrade Daphné Verdelet Virtual Seed Size Grade Daphné Verdelet Tip Width Mean TWI M Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Mean Seed Coat Thickness SeedCoatThick GEVES/INRA 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) Daphné Verdelet Black Aphid Counting Institut Technique de la Betterave BACO Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Game Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESGAME Institut Technique de la Betterave A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 intermediate 3 Florimond Desprez PHYTO Damage By Phytoproducts Daphné Verdelet SeedMass Seed Mass GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet HeatTol_E INRA High Temperatures Suceptibility Daphné Verdelet SBRA SugarBeet Root Aphid - Phemphigus betae Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatShapeVA3d Seed Coat Shape VA3d GEVES Florimond Desprez GREEN Stay Green Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLLESPMI Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plants With Blate Touched By Spider Mite Institut Technique de la Betterave GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbFeretShape3d_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Feret Shape 3d RINGCOLOR Ring Color Daphné Verdelet GRIN GEVES/INRA SeedCoatSurfArea Seed Coat Surface Area Daphné Verdelet 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet BETAH Florimond Desprez Betaine HPLC International Data Base for Beta LeafNb Daphné Verdelet Leaf Number 2 elliptic 7 Strong 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave LAIAUPC Area Under Progress Curve Of LAI Over Time Verticillium Florimond Desprez VERT Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Millipede (Blaniulus guttulatus) Counting MILLCO Daphné Verdelet orange 4 %IS V Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Invert Sugar Venema Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Maximum Thickness SeedCoatMaxThickness GEVES/INRA 5 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) MALESTER GRIN Male Sterility Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Stem Nematode Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYSTNEM 1 very resistant 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) SPNBPLTOSLUG Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Slug Symptoms Several plants with infection (± 5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) 3 GEVES SeedCoatVol_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Volume PETWIDMIN Daphné Verdelet Petiole Width - Minimum GRIN Embryo Lenght 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbLength3d A few yellow spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) 3 White to yellow 2 Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez BMYV Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Daphné Verdelet PLOI Ploidy GRIN StemDiam Stem Diameter International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Lab - Chlorophyll Quantity In Leaf = CHLO1 LACHLOROLE Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez SeedMaturity Seed Maturity International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage FEROBE 5 strong vigor Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Of Rhizoctonia Crown And Root Rot Daphné Verdelet SPSRCRR Institut Technique de la Betterave DM/HA Dry Matter Yield Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 7 Very hairy First coealescing spots on one or two (old) leaves (Infection 20%) 5 Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESSLUG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Slug 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 5 intermediate Florimond Desprez GERM Daphné Verdelet Germity 2 wounded Most of the plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 20%) 5 4 Distinct yellow spots on most leaves but not many brown necrotic spots (Infection 10%) 3 9 - 11 cm Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot FELECLS 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Aphanomyces Root Rot (Arr) – Aphanomyces Cochlioides ARR Black Root – Aphanomyces Cochlioides Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave TOTHI Top Thickness WGHBSO Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Red 4 Florimond Desprez TRIGE Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (> 100 pots and rust spores starting to develop)(Infection 10%) fibrous 8 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) Stand Homogeneity STAND Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 4 Spots on nearly all leaves (Infection 10%) Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 Thermal time after emergence to reach X% of Green Vegetation Cover Daphné Verdelet TTFCOVER Institut Technique de la Betterave Institut Technique de la Betterave SPSHS Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Due To Heterodera Schachtii Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatEqDiameter Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Very weak Gen Ap 1 LANILE Lab - Nitrogen Quantity In Leaf Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Cluster Fasciation GRIN CLUSTERFAS Daphné Verdelet GEVES HGerm Daphné Verdelet Hour of germination at 10°C NUMB. Daphné Verdelet Number Florimond Desprez Seed Coat Width 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatWidth3d WHITE Daphné Verdelet Number Of White Beets Florimond Desprez very resistant 1 % WS Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of White Sugar Florimond Desprez 2 nymphs present, no adults present Daphné Verdelet Root Aphids [1-4] ROOTAPHID GRIN Embryo Surface Area GEVES/INRA EmbSurfArea Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Crane-Fly Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESCF PETLENMIN Petiole Length - Minimum GRIN Daphné Verdelet Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatLength3d Seed Coat lenght 3d GEVES/INRA Nb Of Bolters/Nb Of Beets Daphné Verdelet BOLT/ Florimond Desprez Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 SOIHUM Soil Humidity Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave GEVES Standard Deviation Perisperm Volume Daphné Verdelet PerispVol_STD weak Gen Ap 2 Daphné Verdelet RED Florimond Desprez Number Of Red Beets Daphné Verdelet ROOTAPHIDS GRIN Root Aphids EmbSpDiameter GEVES Daphné Verdelet Embryo SpDiameter mm Institut Technique de la Betterave WGTPORN Weight Proportion Of Root Neck Daphné Verdelet 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched G Fructose + Glucose Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez % SUG No infection (100% plant stand) 1 Perisperm Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet PeriEqDiameter No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Soil Tare Evaluation = %TARE SOITARE Standard Deviation Embryo Shape VA3d GEVES EmbShapeVA3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez GR/PL Gross Weight/Plot Daphné Verdelet BLINK Daphné Verdelet Blinkers Florimond Desprez 2 Monogerm and multigerm mixed 1 Green Daphné Verdelet SBRAUDPC Sbr Audpc Institut Technique de la Betterave Erwinia Rot – Erwinia Betavasculorum ERW GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Root Rot Erwinia Erwinia Rot Daphné Verdelet GACO Institut Technique de la Betterave Green Apterous Aphid Counting 2 Pink Powdery Mildew (PM) – Erysiphe betae GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet PM 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 4 Slight infection (± 10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) RhizoYellow GRIN Rhizomania Yellowing Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet EmbLength3d_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Lenght 3d GEVES/INRA Mean Root Width Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez RWIDT strong deficiency 2 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet TODIAM Beet Top Diameter intermediate 5 Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOBLB Summer Number Of Beet Leaf Bug On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave 1 narrow ellipic Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESMILL Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Millipede 8 Only a few green leaves - Plot looks dominantly yellow (>80% plants with symptoms)(Infection 80%) 5 highly tolerant GEVES/INRA EmbLength Daphné Verdelet Embryo Length 1 Fertile MFCO Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Mangod Fly (Pegomyia betae) Blate Pits And Maggot Counting hard 7 7 Severe stunting, yellowing; leaves prostate and some leaves dead - Majority of plants with Score = 7 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) TWIN Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds S/HA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Sugar Yield 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed (Old leaves starting wilting)(Infection 60%) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Size Grade SeedGrade Narrow triangular 6 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 GEVES/INRA PeriLength3d Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Lenght 3d SeedCoatMaxThickness_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Maximum Thickness Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYCENTI Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Centipede Symptoms Empty Space Volume GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmptyVolume Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Lab - Potassium Content Of Beet Brei sample LABK mM K International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet FLoweringStart Flowering Start Florimond Desprez %GLUC Daphné Verdelet G Glucose Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Daphné Verdelet NMBREBE Institut Technique de la Betterave 2 7 - 9 cm Plant dead - Majority of plants with Score = 9 9 red purple 7 1 High : branched beet International Data Base for Beta BractDistrib Daphné Verdelet Bract Distribution 5 > 8 cm GRIN Petiole Color PETIOLECOL Daphné Verdelet SMPOL Institut Technique de la Betterave Sm/Pol Daphné Verdelet Slight leaf curl of the edge of new leaves; pimpling on the veins of the underside of the leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 3 3 Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plant With Perforated Leaves Due To Noctuid Moth SUMNBPLTONOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave SPRPOP Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring Population very much 9 Abnormal seed Abnormal seed GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbPres Presence Of Embryo Percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Daphné Verdelet HYPGR Florimond Desprez PSEU Florimond Desprez Pseudomonas aptata Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Pygmy Beetle SPNBPLDESPYBE Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Daphné Verdelet MITOPBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Downy Mildew (DM) – Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez DM Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Centipede Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESCENTI Daphné Verdelet GRIN Daphné Verdelet End Use ENDUSE 9 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 5 intermediate 3 intermediate stay green 3 semi-erect susceptible 7 LPOSI GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Leaf Position Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatRugosity_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Rugosity index GEVES/INRA WHIL Wilting Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez EmbSpDiameter_STD GEVES Standard Deviation Embryo SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Western Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPTBW 5 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) Daphné Verdelet Empty seed Empty seed GEVES/INRA 9 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) strong damages 4 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOFLBE Institut Technique de la Betterave GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Embryo Width 3d Daphné Verdelet EmbWidth3d_STD Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) Audpc CLSAUDPC PeriEqDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez LE/WI Leaf blade : Ratio Length / Width Daphné Verdelet Hypocotyl Lengthening Speed (Hyp = 25 Mm) HypSpd GEVES/INRA 7 non-swollen Slugs Counting Before Sowing Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SLCOBSO 5 medium Florimond Desprez Leaf Regrowth REGRO Daphné Verdelet nymphs present, mant adults present 4 Daphné Verdelet WGHLE Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Leaves Daphné Verdelet SCLE Florimond Desprez Sclerotium rolfsii Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Beet Chlorosis Virus BChV Daphné Verdelet Top Height Mean Florimond Desprez THE M 2 undertopped with petioles shorter than or equal to 2 cm Beet Yellows Virus Florimond Desprez BYV Daphné Verdelet Time To Reach X% Of Germination GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Tx% Lab - Amino Nitrogen Content Of Beet Mush Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez mM N LABAN %FRUC G Fructose Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez > 90% past flowering 7 BEDIAM Institut Technique de la Betterave Maximum Beet Diameter Daphné Verdelet untopped with petioles longer than 2 cm 1 Daphné Verdelet GC Ground Cover Rate Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Bigerme In Seeds Florimond Desprez BIGER mM Na LABNA Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Lab - Sodium Content Of Beet Mush Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez L UND Leaf Undulation Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 DeltaTempRad Radicle Temperature Delta GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet CLS Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) - Cercospora Beticola GEVES Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat SpDiameter mm SeedCoatSpDiameter Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBCOSFB Summer Number Of Striped Flea Beetle On Plants 7 Large number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>60% plants with symptoms)(Infection 60%) 3 nymphs present, few adults present 3 bruised 8 Light pink ROGROGRAV Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Rotten Gross Gravity 2 Almost no infection (few plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) resistant 3 Mean Germination Time MGT GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez NEST Nest Of Cercospora Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae. Daphné Verdelet PolymyxaBetae GRIN Daphné Verdelet Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina - Foliar Ratings Florimond Desprez CRRF No wilting (Wilting 0%) 1 4 Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) Florimond Desprez PHOMA Phoma Betae Daphné Verdelet Branched Beet Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez BRANC Type Of Root Damage Daphné Verdelet BEDAMA Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez BSN Beet Stem Nematode – Ditylenchus Dipsaci Multigerm seed Multigermicity GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet CABAUPC Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Area Under Progress Curve Of Chlorophyll Over Time Florimond Desprez Leaf Glossiness Daphné Verdelet L GLO a few plants still standing, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 8 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 1 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 9 No plant left (0% plant stand) A couple of plants with slight yellowing (>5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) 3 Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Width Leaf Blade WIBLA RadFnlLg GEVES/INRA Radicle Final Length (At 110°Cd) Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA FillingRatio Seed Filling Ratio Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Smoothness Score Mean SMO M Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Content NIR Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez DMNIR 1 highly susceptible low 3 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Millipede Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOMILL 9 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew Daphné Verdelet FELEPM Institut Technique de la Betterave EmbEqDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA 7 susceptible Other (specify) 8 susceptible 2 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched FELESBR Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 2 Spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Striped Flea Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESFLBE 1 present Semi-fertile, more or less dehiscent anthers 2 7 Old leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) T/HA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Net Weight/Ha 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 1 No infection SPNBPLDESVOLE Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Vole GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatEqDiameter_STD 1 No symptom (Infection 0%) Nirs Leaf Area Index NILAI Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) Florimond Desprez WISTA Width Leaf Stalk Daphné Verdelet Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Noctuid Moth Caterpillars On Plants SUMNBCONOMO Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez BETAN Betaine NIR Lab - Glucose Content Of Beet Mush Daphné Verdelet LABGLC Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GRIN CUTICLE Cuticle Thickness Circular 3 SeedShattering International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Seed Shattering Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Width 3d SeedCoatWidth3d_STD GEVES/INRA absent 0 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 2 starting to bolt 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched GEPOW Daphné Verdelet Germinating Power Institut Technique de la Betterave 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 GermFnlRt GEVES/INRA Germination Final Rate Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet GRIN LIFEFORM Life form (ie life cycle) resistant 3 Tb Seedling Seedling Growth Base Temperature GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet LeafDryMat Daphné Verdelet Leaf Dry Matter Content International Data Base for Beta Only a few plants show yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a few yellow plants (Infection 5%) 3 PerispVol GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Volume Rhizomania BNYVV Florimond Desprez Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus (BNYVV) Daphné Verdelet 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) Standard Deviation Seed Coat SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatSpDiameter_STD GEVES higly susceptible 9 Daphné Verdelet Nirs - Sugar Content Of Beets Institut Technique de la Betterave NIBSC KNa Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez K + Na Violet Root Rot (VRR) – Helicobasidium Purpureum VRR Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez RRR Rhizoctonia Root Rot (RRR) – Rhizoctonia Solani Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With White Grub Symptoms SPNBPLSYWHGR Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 1 0 - 2 cm Florimond Desprez LHEIG Daphné Verdelet Leaf Height yellow / light green 2 Florimond Desprez Damping-off complex DAMP Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Embryo Volume EmbVol Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 9 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) 4 Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Seed Spacing SEEDSP Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 Florimond Desprez SugarBeet Root Maggot - Tetanops myopaeformis Daphné Verdelet SBRM Dead Plants DEADP Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 9 irregular Florimond Desprez BSI M Beet Size Mean Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez SOIL Daphné Verdelet Soil Effect 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 SPNBPLTOPYBE Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms 3 Twins Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Persiperm Width 3d PeriWidth3d_STD WSY Florimond Desprez White Sugar Yield W&K Daphné Verdelet Seed Volume GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedVol Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHROBE Purple 5 Very weak stay green 1 Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) 6 4 Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) 5 Yellow 5 Intermediate number of yellowing plants - Plot looks slightly yellow (>20% plants with symptoms)(Infection 20%) 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 1 No damages Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) 8 SPNBPLSYGAME Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Game Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Cotyledon Temperature Delta GEVES/INRA DeltaTempCot TOT. Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Bolters Total Number Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) 7 wounded and bruised 4 Beet Cyst Nematode BCN Beet Cyst Nematode (Bcn) – Heterodera Schachtii Heterodera Schachtii GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet resistant 3 Very weak vigor 1 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbSphericity_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Sphericity index DROU Daphné Verdelet Drought Stress Florimond Desprez Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) 6 GEVES/INRA Perisperm Surface Area Daphné Verdelet PerispSurfArea Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity GRAVRLS International Data Base for Beta LeafBcyanin Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Daphné Verdelet GRIN Leaf Hairiness LEAFHAIR Daphné Verdelet WGHAWA Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets After Washing 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) GEVES/INRA CotylFnlLg Daphné Verdelet Cotyledon Final Length (At 110°Cd) Daphné Verdelet RLS Florimond Desprez Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) - Ramularia beticola Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Beet Width Max BWIDM Florimond Desprez Manganese Deficiency MAGNE Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Perisperm SpDiameter mm GEVES PerispSpDiameter 4 < 10% flower 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Embryo Width 3d EmbWidth3d Type Of Beet TYPE GRIN Daphné Verdelet Very heterogeneous 1 Orange 5 Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Wireworms counting WIWOCO Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 Fodder_beet ontology Sugar_beet ontology Crane-Fly Counting Before Sowing Daphné Verdelet CFCOBSO Institut Technique de la Betterave Root Shape GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet ROOTSHAPE Daphné Verdelet Curly Top GRIN/Florimond Desprez CTOP Curly Top Virus Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 Daphné Verdelet Gross Weight/T Per Ha Florimond Desprez GR/HA HYPOCOTYL Hypocotyl Color GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 5 No deficiency tolerant 4 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched CotylSrf GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Cotyledon Surface Area (At 110°Cd) Daphné Verdelet Petiole Length - Maximum GRIN PETLENMAX absent 1 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Hypocotyl Temperature Delta DeltaTempHyp 3 weak 5 Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) GEVES/INRA PeriLength3d_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm Lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBCOSPMI Summer Number Of Spider Mites On Plants Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 ROOTMAGGOT GRIN Daphné Verdelet Root Maggot 8 Only the center few whorls of leaves green and alive - Majority of plants with Score = 8 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Embryo Equivalent Diameter EmbEqDiameter GEVES/INRA SumTemp50pctGerm Daphné Verdelet Temperature Sum To Reach 50% Germination Flesh Color GRIN Daphné Verdelet FLESHCOLOR FloweringEnd Flowering End International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 Standard Deviation Perisperm Sphericity index Daphné Verdelet PeriSphericity_STD GEVES/INRA 9 bracts to the top GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Seed Coat Flatness Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatFlatness_STD 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) Seed Coat Rugosity index GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatRugosity Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYFLBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms Slight to intermediate infection (± 20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 5 GEVES Daphné Verdelet PerispShapeVA3d Perisperm Shape VA3d SPNBPLTOCENTI Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Centipede Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal WGHASR RLSAUDPC Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) Audpc Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Normal seed Normal seed 11 - 13 cm 4 intermediate 5 3 intermediate Flowering Pattern – Between plants GRIN FLWRPATB Daphné Verdelet Very strong deficiency 1 7 semi-prostrate 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 Number of Plant / Parcel Daphné Verdelet POP Institut Technique de la Betterave 2 Elliptic Institut Technique de la Betterave REFLAI Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image Daphné Verdelet BeetShape Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Beet Shape 1 White Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOLEMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Leaf Tunnels Due To Moth Biomass 6 SPNBPLSYPYBE Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms homogeneous 4 Daphné Verdelet % S Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Sugar 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 3 Orange Beet Width Half BWIDH Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez weak stay green 2 No infection 1 Use unknown 7 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Stem Nematode Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESSTNEM Institut Technique de la Betterave 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 5 intermediate Summer Number Of Plant With Eroded Intern Crown - Moth SUMNBPLTOCRMO Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Mangold Flies On Plants SUMNBCOMF Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Many plants with yellowing, only few plants green (>80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) 8 prostrate 9 1 No infection Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Thrips SUMNBPLTOTHR Institut Technique de la Betterave CLDIAMBRE Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Daphné Verdelet BolStart International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Bolting Start Daphné Verdelet FCOVER Green Vegetation Cover Over An Area Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Crane-Fly Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOCF Institut Technique de la Betterave 9 Thick 4 strong stay green Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Shape VA3d PerispShapeVA3d_STD GEVES TECHLGT Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Technical Length Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 Daphné Verdelet WGTPORO Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Proportion Of Root SeedCoatFlatness GEVES/INRA Seed Coat Flatness Daphné Verdelet 7 Non-swollen 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 11 leaf from regrowth Maximum Green Vegetation Cover Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave FCOVERmax Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Leaf Color L COL Candy Striped, alternating red and green streaks on bolted flower stalks and larger lateral branches. 6 5 multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering >95% of root surface Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave NIBDM Nirs - Dry Matter Of Beets Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Crane-Fly Symptoms SPNBPLSYCF Yellow 2 No infection 1 3 intermediate Gen Ap 9 higly susceptible 2 or more colonies, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface 2 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) Florimond Desprez %IS K Percentage Of Invert Sugar Kit Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet LeafFreshMat Leaf Fresh Matter Yield International Data Base for Beta White 1 totally touched leaf 10 Florimond Desprez Blistering BLIST Daphné Verdelet 3 intermediate vigor Strong 7 Bigerm seed Bigerm seed GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOVOLE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Vole Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet REFLAIloss Institut Technique de la Betterave Loss of leaves due to Water stress DMNHA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Yield NIR 0 <0.1 not branched beet Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 3 Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) SPNBPLSYNOMO Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Noctuid Moth Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave 1 rosette stadium RadSpd GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Radicle Lengthening Speed (Root = 20 Mm) 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOBLLEG Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Yellow Virus Daphné Verdelet SPTBYV Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Content Daphné Verdelet % DM PMAUDPC Daphné Verdelet PM Audpc Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Germination Base Water Potential GEVES/INRA PSI b Germ Daphné Verdelet 1 Narrow elliptic TOPQUAL Daphné Verdelet Topping Quality Institut Technique de la Betterave Standard Deviation Perisperm Surface Area Daphné Verdelet PerispSurfArea_STD GEVES Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOMF Summer Number Of Blate Pits Due To Mangold Fly 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) - 35% dead plants RPOSI Beet Position In Soil OCVV/International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Intermediate to severe infection (± 60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) 7 Yellow orange 4 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 7 More than 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) 5 inflorescence half way up All older and younger leaves wilting or dead (Infection 100%) 9 9 very hard FRT M French Top Mean Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Beet Leaf Bug Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOBLB Daphné Verdelet More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 5 50-100% flower 6 International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet StemColor Stem Color Institut Technique de la Betterave Lab- Sugar Content Of Beets Mush LABSC Daphné Verdelet 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 9 100 percent leaf yellowing red 6 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 8 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Younger leaves wilting)(Infection 80%) A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 leaf from regrowth 11 No plant with symptoms (Infection 0%) 1 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 Institut Technique de la Betterave DBFEMER Double Plant At Field Emergence Daphné Verdelet 0 Immune 4 multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering 50 to 95% of root surface 5 Purple Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 6 totally touched leaf 10 1 very tender No infection (100% plant stand) 1 Early Vigor Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez EARLY attribute All plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 40%) 6 Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOWHGR Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With White Grub Symptoms 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched SPNBPLSYSLUG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Slug Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 4 Distincts spots on most leaves but not coalescing (Infection 10%) No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 2 A few spots in the plot (Infection 2%) intermediate narrow oblong 5 9 No plants left (Infection 100%) YELNB Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Number Of Yellow Beets Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave REFLAImax Maximum Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image resistant 3 GRAVCLS Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched International Data Base for Beta Root Flesh Coarness Daphné Verdelet FleshCoarness 3 bolting 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) hairy 5 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 7 Strong 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 3 weak medium 5 No infection (100% plant stand) 1 angled topped 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) The 3, 4 remaing leaves with 50% decayed; other dead (Infection 80%) 8 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 Weak 3 Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave FELERLS 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) green 3 5 red vein Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOGAME Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Game Symptoms 1 No infection (Infection 0%) 4 6 - 8 cm 9 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Millipede Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYMILL Institut Technique de la Betterave 3 circular Yellow spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) 2 Florimond Desprez RLEN Mean Root Length Daphné Verdelet Mg Daphné Verdelet Magnesium Deficiency Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Root Color Florimond Desprez R COL some present on the lower part 1 Rust – Uromyces Betae RUST Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Surface Area SeedCoatSurfArea_STD CLBEDIAM Maximum Beet Diameter Class Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 0 healthy Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez CRR Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 Slight infection - Plot still looks green as dominant colour (>10% plants with clear yellow symptoms) (Infection 10%) 2 Spots on one or two leaves (around 25-50 spots)(Infection 2%) Florimond Desprez YLS Yellow Leaf Spot (YLS) – Stemphylium beticola Daphné Verdelet 8 Remaining leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Infection 80%) Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 1 Leaf vegetable SPNBPLSYBLLEG Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 3 weak Fodder 4 9 Entire defoliation (caution : regrowth !!!) (Infection 100%) 3 intermediate damages 6 narrow obtriangular 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 Root vegetable 2 Powdery Mildew Gravity Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave GRAVPM 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 7 3 spotted 4 Broad elliptic L BLA Daphné Verdelet Length Leaf Blade Florimond Desprez 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 5 Sugar extraction susceptible 7 very strong damages - the whole plot is burned 5 Pink 9 Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 7 Severe infection: few plants surviving, others dead (± 80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) 8 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 3 tender 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 light green 3 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) Rust AUDPC Daphné Verdelet RUSTAUDPC Florimond Desprez strong vigor 4 intermediate 5 Daphné Verdelet Stem Number StemNb International Data Base for Beta 1 Monogerm 2 Asynchronous 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) Daphné Verdelet Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Institut Technique de la Betterave GRAVSBR Daphné Verdelet GEVES Embryo Shape VA3d EmbShapeVA3d All plants severly damaged, no plants green (Infection 100%) 9 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched dark 7 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 4 Most leaves moderately curling; more than half of the upper surface of the leaf visible - Majority of plants with Score = 4 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave NINIPL Nirs - Nitrogen Quantity In Plot Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatVol Seed Coat Volume GEVES/INRA SUMNBCOTHR Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Thrips On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave intermdiate 5 7 susceptible No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 1 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 3 Leaf and root veg. 1 No Symptoms - Majority of plants with Score = 1 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 7 First leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) Multigerm (2-4) 3 First large brown necrotic spots, spots on one or two leaves (Infection 20%) 5 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By White Grub SPNBPLDESWHGR 6 Intermediate infection (± 40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) GEVES/INRA Persiperm Width 3d Daphné Verdelet PeriWidth3d Daphné Verdelet Number Of Pink Beets Florimond Desprez PINK Daphné Verdelet PeriSphericity Perisperm Sphericity index GEVES/INRA 2 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) General Scoring GEN. Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez PerispSpDiameter_STD GEVES Standard Deviation Perisperm SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Seedling Betacyanin Content SeedlingBcyanin International Data Base for Beta totally touched leaf 10 6 Distinct large brown necrotic sppots on most leaves + start coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 9 higly susceptible 9 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) - 80% dead plants 6 Increasing number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>40% plants with symptoms)(Infection 40%) Daphné Verdelet Flowering Time FlorweringTime International Data Base for Beta 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 0 Immune 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) Most plants moderately yellowing (<10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 2 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) Spots on most leaves easely visible (around 75-100 spots)(Infection 5%) 3 No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 GEVES Standard Deviation Seed Coat Shape VA3d SeedCoatShapeVA3d_STD Daphné Verdelet 9 present Medium 5 9 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) Mixed 4 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 W & K Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Juice Purity W&K one colony, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each 1 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) - 65% dead plants 2 green / light green Yellow 2 A few plants still standinf, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 8 strong stay green 5 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 Determinate 1 3 undertopped with no petioles Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 resistant 3 0 healthy 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) SPNBPLDESNOMO Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Noctuid Moth Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets Before Washing Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHBWA Daphné Verdelet FLWRPATW Flowering Pattern – Within plants GRIN weak deficiency 4 Highly multigerm (>5) 4 5 intermediate 1 erect 1 No infection 0 Thin 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 White 1 acronym 3 yellow Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Field Emergence Quality FIEMERQUAL 5 Medium 8 Fibrous Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 Single plants with slight yellowing (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) 2 weak vigor 2 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched Immune 0 5 Narrow oblong 0 healthy little 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 8 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) Daphné Verdelet SPTBMYV Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Mild Yellowing Luteovirus partly monogerm /partly multigerm 2 SPNBPLTONOMO Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Noctuid Moth Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave GEVES EGermRt Daphné Verdelet Early germination rate No infection (100% plant stand) 1 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 5 moderate 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) - 50% dead plants 5 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface]]> 3 3 Orange Red 4 Synchronous 1 SPNBPLTOSTNEM Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Stem Nematode Symptoms 3 several plants left (± 80% plant stand) - 20% dead plants highly tolerant 5 9 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) leaf from regrowth 11 Vein clearing of heart leaves, slight pimpling of veins on the underside of leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 2 2 absent 0 5 pink 3 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) susceptible 7 9 All plants have yellow leaves, none have green leaves _ Plot colour dominantly yellow (Infection 100%) Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 3 3 Several plants show spots on leaves (Infection 5%) very resistant 1 EmbFeretShape3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Embryo Feret Shape 3d 9 All plants are covered with grey powdery mycellum (Infection 100%) entire red 9 3 Hairs very parse Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 3 Completely male sterile, black or brown anthers No wilting (Wilting 0%) 1 6 > 15 cm no leaf yellowing 0 1 no nymphs or adults present high 7 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 2 almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) - 10% dead plants 5 13 - 15 cm 5 First coalescing spots on one or twi leaves (Infection 20%) 2 Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 5 fully bolting < 10% flowering, 10-50% flower highly susceptible 1 2 Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 7 All plants are covered with light white mycellum (Infection 60%) 4.5 - 7 cm 1 entity non damaged 1 11 leaf from regrowth 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) - 95% dead plants 0 no aphid colonies nor wax present 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 0 Immune Some plants with totally yellow leaves (>20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 5 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 4 7 red 5 Very strong Gen Ap 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 2 - 4 cm 2 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 very resistant 1 resistant 3 medium 5 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) totally touched leaf 10 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) Plants only have green leaves - Plot looks 100% green (Infection 0%) 1 0 healthy 5 very homogeneous 1 very resistant No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 broad elliptic 4 1 white Monogerm 1 0 Immune Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 2 One embryo weak damages 2 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) 5 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 medium 5 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched Slight stunting, severe leaf curling; less than half of the upper leaf surface visible due to curling; most of the larger leaves still erect - Majority of plants with Score = 5 5 No infection 1 1 very resistant Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 4 strong Gen Ap 9 higly susceptible Entire defoliation - caution : regrowth !!! (Infection 100%) 9 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) tolerant 4 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 1 very little 1 absent 2 heterogeneous 5 overtopped with under half of max diameter bundle rings visible Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 9 No plant left (± 0% plant stand) - 100% dead plants Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 5 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) Strong 7 2 A single plant shows yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a single yellow plant (Infection 2%) 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched Yellow 3 3 Red 7 susceptible 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 9 No plant left (0% plant stand) Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 9 higly susceptible Absent/Present Measurement of Mean Root Length Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root length Computation of the roundness average by the ratio Length / Width 1/2 after max (measured in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - Higher the ratio is, less round the beet is. Computation of Beet Roundness Mean Scale for Stand Homogeneity None undefined SUMNBCOTHR method Summer Number of thrips on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Measurement of Beet Diameter Maximum diameter of single beet Summer Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTONOMO method Absent/Present beets having rhizopus symptoms - evaluated at the end of summer SPSRH method Estimation of magnesium deficiency Magnesium deficiency Magnesium deficiency Leaf The length of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Measurement of perisperm length Summer Number of leaf tunnels due to moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOLEMO method Soil fungal disease Susceptibility to seedling disease Susceptibility Seedling disease Susceptibility to Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Estimation of Beet Yellowing Virus LAI Leaf area index (LAI) evolution Area index AUPC of leaf area index Leaf Measurement of lenght Leaf Blade Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade length Bract distribution Importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Flower bract Distribution mg % count unit Weight of beets after soil removal for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal index Determination of the percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds Counting the number of trigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of trigerm seeds Estimation of Ditylenchus dipsaci susceptibility Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci - plot-basis score based on the number of root presenting symptoms (stunting, swelling and rotting) Measurement of matter Matter Content Total dry matter content of leaves Measurement of the volume of the empty space in the seed The volume of the empty space in the seed measured in mm3 Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the embryo Sphericity index Embryo Embryo sphericity index Counting of leafs None Plot Stand homogeneity Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Population Absent/Present beets touched by beet western - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBW method SPNBPLDESBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by aphanomyces black leg on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Susceptibility to Violet Root [Helicobasidium purpureum] Observation of violet root rot susceptibility Pests - Noctuid moth caterpillars Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants Noctuid moth caterpillars Number Green vegetation cover Cover Green vegetation Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Number of spider mites on plants Pests - Spider mites Number Spider mites Susceptibility to beet mild yellowing Virus Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Susceptibility Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing virus AUDPC of SBR AUDPC : Under curve area of SBR gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Estimation of Black Foliar Ratings Susceptibility to Black Foliar [Aphanomyces cochliodes]. Susceptibility Susceptibility to root aphids Root aphids Pests - Root aphids Measurement of weight Of Top Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by top Drought Stress scale Computation of Germination Base Water Potential Water potential threshold value under which germination does not occur Observation of lifeform Life form of the accession Observation of type Of Beet General growth type and/or use type. Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Number of rotten beets on samples of 160 beets break down to percentage °C Leaf betacyanin pattern Evaluation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Betacyanin content Leaf Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESVOLE and SPNBPLSYVOLE SPNBPLTOVOLE method Scoring of foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Observation of foliar damages by phytoproducts Number Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Stem number Stem Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Root ring Color Ring color Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Germination rate Germinating power Seed Computation of quality index with Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization / quantity of extractable sugar - Formula including Invert sugar (glucose) Number of plant Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms Pests - Crane-fly Crane-fly symptoms Measurement of cotyledon temperature Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Undulation Leaf blade Leaf blade undulation Average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Productivity - Rotten gravity Rotten root Proportion Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot due to Stemphylium beticola Estimation of Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by vole on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESVOLE method Color of the inflorescence stem Observation of Stem Color Observation of Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Esitimation of Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Estimation of heat tolerance Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. Bigerm Percentage of bigerm seeds in a seed sample Seed Bigerm seed Phemphigus betae susceptibility scale Embryo sp diameter measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of embryo sp diameter Position Part of the root which exceeds the soil Root Beet position in soil Susceptibility to seedling disease due to soil-borne fungi (Aphanomyces cochlioides, R. solani, Pythium spp., Phoma betae) Damping-off complex Root Potassium and sodium content in the root Potassium and sodium content Potassium and sodium content in root Ring Color scale Percentage of trigerm seeds in a seed sample Seed Seed quality Trigerm Standard deviation of the volume of the embryo Embryo volume Embryo Volume Scoring the general appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Observation of general appearance of the plot Observation of Rhizomania susceptibility Susceptibility to Rhizomania scored by the yellowing of the canopy; 0 is none and 9 is most yellowing. Summer Number of spider mites on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOSPMI method Beet roundness Beet roundness Roundness Root Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Measurement of Stem Diameter Flowering Time scale Plant Date of the seed bearer flowering end Flowering end time Flowering end time Beet diameter Diameter Class of the maximum diameter of single beet Root Susceptibility Phoma betae Fungal disease - Phoma betae Susceptibility to Phoma betae Leaf Position Leaf position Average of leaf position on a group of single plants Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Fungal disease - Cercospora Cercospora nests Presence Measurement of the bigerm seed Visual inspection to observe if two embryo present in a single glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Topped root Number Number of beets with topping class Topped beet number Bacterial disease - Erwinia Betavasculorum Susceptibility to root rot due to Erwinia Betavasculorum Erwinia Betavasculorum Susceptibility Measurement of Final Rate Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Computation of seed coat flatness index Surface flatness measures how flat is the surface of seed coat Observation of Color of petiole Observation of Color of petiole The width of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Measurement of seed coat width SUMNBCONOMO method Summer Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOSFB method Summer Number of striped flea beetle on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Height Root Root height Measurement of the average 'green above ground part' Determination of the average of leaf position on a group of single plants Observation of leaf position Computation of root net yield Root net yield calculated in t/ha Computation of the thicknesses of the seed coat mesh Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh, measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Hypocotyl temperature Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature Temperature Hypocotyl Observation of Main color of flesh Observation of Main color of flesh Susceptibility to Root Aphids Observation of Root Aphids susceptibility Flowering start time Plant Date of the seed bearer flowering start Flowering start time Pseudomonas aptata scale Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root groove - The closer the number is to 9, the smoother the root is Measurement of Smoothness Score Mean A measure of how closely the shape of the embryo resembles that of a perfect sphere Computation of the sphericity index of the embryo Computation of quality index without Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization /quantity of extractable sugar - Formula without Invert sugar (glucose) Viral disease - Blinkers Counting of blinkers Number Blinkers Root aphids Susceptibility to root aphids Susceptibility Pests - Phemphigus betae Observation of the plant wilting Observe the plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress at plot scale Weight of a single beet without leaves Measurement of beet weight Measurement of the seed coat volume Volume of the seed coat measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. External surface area of the embryo measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the embryo Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Measurement of radicle lengthening speed Spring population Population Spring Plan population 400°Cd after sowing Sugar Beet Rust Gravity scale Measurement of French Top Mean Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of the crown - The higher the number is, the more the crown tare is. Leaf stalk Leaf stalk width on a group of single plants Leaf stalk width Width Counting of bolters First, second, third and fourth count of bolting plants for a whole plot Number of dead plants for a whole plot Counting of Dead Plants Seed maturity None Maturity Seed Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth Number of plant Pests - Moth Intern crown eroded Date of the seed bearer flowering end Observation of the Flowering End Number of bolting plants for thousand plants at 1500°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2500°Cd and 3000°Cd after sowing Counting of bolting plant Leaf Damage by powdery mildew Fungal disease - Powdery Mildew Damage by powdery mildew Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by white grub on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESWHGR method Foliar surface touched by ramularia leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Number of plant Number of plant with game symptoms Pests - Game Game symptoms Beet western Beets touched by beet western Viral disease - Beet western Root Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Weight of beets before sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation ‰ Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of embryo shape Glucose content of beet mush Glucose content in root Glucose content Root Observation of Root Aphid susceptibility Susceptibility to root aphid scoring at harvest presence of aphid colonies on the outside of the beet root in combination with presence of wax using the Hutchinson and Campbell disease scoring scale Seed filling ratio Filling rate Seed The ratio of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed mm Ramularia beticola susceptibility scale SPNBPLTOGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESGAME and SPNBPLSYGAME Determination of the plant height on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Height Violet Root Rot susceptibility scale Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Percentage of bolters Embryo Standard deviation of the embryo length Length Embryo length Seed Bearer Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Determination of ploidy Determination by flux cytometer of the level of ploidy Scale for Stay green Phoma Betae Susceptibility scale Foliar surface touched by sugar beet rust evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Sugar Beet Rust Gravity SPNBPLDESCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by crane-fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Soil effect Heterogeneity of growth due to soil structure or soil depth Soil Effect Root Measurement of the average root groove Smoothness Smoothness Diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the seed coat Seed coat equivalent diameter Seed coat SUMNBCOMF method Summer Number of mangol flies on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Net yield Productivity - Root net yield Root net yield calculated Root Volume Seed coat Standard deviation of the volume of the seed coat Seed coat volume Stem Color scale Number of mangol flies on plants Number Pests - Mangold fly Mangol flies unitless Seed Germination rate Germination final rate Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Beet Yellows Virus Susceptibility Viral disease - Beet yellows virus Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Counting the number of plantlets with green hypocotyl after germinating test of a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of green hypocotyl Determination of the percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Red Beets Dry matter content of leaves Dry matter content Leaf Total dry matter content of leaves Greeness Evaluation of the average plant stay green Plant Productivity - Plant stay green Absent/Present beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBMYV method Root Root net weight Productivity - Root net weight Weight Measurement of radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C in Eloncam Measurement of radicle length Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Visual inspection to observe if the glomerulus is abnormal either by an embryonic malformation or by a perisperm defect . The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the abnormal seed Susceptibility to Rhizoctonia root rot Estimation of Rhizoctonia Solani Susceptibility Seed Individual seed mass Seed mass Mass Weight Leaf weight Weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Leaf Measurement of sugar content of beet mush Sugar content (saccharin) of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Rust Rust gravity evolution Gravity Fungal disease - Rust Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus susceptibility sclN Cumulative thermal time to reach 50% of germination Sum of daily mean temperature minus the base threshold value (germination base temperature Tbgerm) which is necessary from sowing to reach fifty percent germination. Rotten parts of beets are cut and weighed together Measurement of Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Leaf Position scale Beets having rhizopus symptoms Fungal disease - Rhizopus Rhizopus symptoms Root Spring / Emergence Number of plant with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYVOLE method Ratio Radicle Length Radicle length 7 days after the seed germination Radicle length Visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants (whole microplot) of the leaf blade Observation of blistering Pests - Pegomyia betae Blate pits Number Counting of blate pits Estimation of Fusarium Susceptibility Susceptibility to Fusarium - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Hour of germination at 10°C in Eloncam Measurement of germination hour in Eloncam Weight Plot Productivity - Weight Of Beets Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Leaf area index evaluated by NIRS Computation of leaf Area Index t/ha Beet Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Viral disease - Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility Stages of seed bearer flowering Plant Flowering time Flowering time Early vigor Vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Plant Vigor Soil Soil Humidity Humidity Measurement of soil humidity °Cdays Seed coat Shape Seed coat Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the seed coat Area index LAI Leaf area index (LAI) Leaf area index (LAI) evaluated by NIRS Leaf Cotyledon Cotyledon length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth Length Male Sterility scale Susceptibility Rhizoctonia solani Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia solani Susceptibility to root rot due to Rhizoctonia solani Curly top virus susceptibility scale Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Measurement of hypocotyl lengthening speed Slug symptoms Number of plant with slug symptoms Number of plant Pests - Slugs Total volume of the seed measured Volume Seed volume Seed Number Non Orange beet number Non Orange beet Number of beets by color not in root color trait Viral disease - Rhizomania Susceptibility to Rhizomania Rhizomania Susceptibility Evaluation of LAI Evaluation of LAI loss : 0 if no loss to -1 if 100% loss Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Measurement of Invert sugar content Damage by sugar beet rust Leaf Damage by sugar beet rust Fungal disease - Sugar beet rust Absent/Present beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot - evaluated at the end of summer SPSRCRR method Seed spacing Distance Seed Measurement of seed spacing Width Beet width Root Maximal diameter Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Computation of Ratio Length / Width of leaf blade Seed coat Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the seed coat Seed coat rugosity index Rugosity index SPNBPLDESFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by striped flea beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Flatness Seed coat flatness Seed coat Standard deviation of the flat surface of the seed coat Computation of Seedling Growth Base Temperature Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur g/m² leaf Measurement of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when harvesting single plants Observation of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when In Soil Counting of millipede guttulatus Number Pests - Blaniulus guttulatus Millipede guttulatus h Powdery Mildew Gravity scale Life form Plant Plant life forme (ie life cycle) state : annual, biannual, perenial… Plant life cycle state Measurement of area of the perisperm External surface area of the perisperm measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. SPNBPLTONOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESNOMO and SPNBPLSYNOMO Leaf blade length Leaf blade Leaf blade length on a group of single plants Length Spring / Emergence Number of plant with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYFLBE method Seed coat Sphere Diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the seed coat Length Seed coat AUDPC : Under curve area of CLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of CLS Standard deviation of the diameter of the embryo corresponds to the maximum extent in a given direction Shape Embryo Embryo feret shape Counting of blinkers Number of blinkers at level plot due to sensitive plant to rhizomania Hairiness Leaf hairiness Leaf Presence of hairiness of leaf surface Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Counting of Curly top Curly Top Number Rotten beet number Number of rotten beets Rotten root Betaine content mesured by HPLC on frozen brei sample Mesurement of Betaine content by HPLC SPNBPLSYWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Root Potassium content Potassium content in root Root potassium content Computation to estimate seed size Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Quantity of nitrogen in leaves - measured in laboratory Measurement of nitrogen in leaves kg Number Counting of green apterous aphids Pests - Green aphid Green apterous aphids Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of branched beet - The higher the number is, the more forked the root is. Measurement of Branched Beet Tetanops myopaeformis susceptibility scale Empty space Volume Standard deviation of the volume of the empty space in the seed Empty space volume Sum of Potassium and Sodium content in the root Computation of Potassium and Sodium content Integral of the logistic curve using the population countings at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd Computation of field emergence quality Counting of millipede guttulatus Count of millipede in a parcel Susceptibility to root maggot Root maggot Pests - Root maggot Susceptibility SUMNBPLTOBLB method Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end g/100g of fresh matter Standard deviation of the maximum thickness of the seed coat Seed coat maximum thickness Thickness Seed coat Beet Mild Yellowing Virus susceptibility scale Regrowth Leaf Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Leaf regrowth Beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Root Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Number of crane-flies on 0.25 sqm using traps with bait - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Counting of Crane-fly Before Sowing Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Red beet Non Red beet number Root Rot Susceptibility scale Susceptibility to Phoma betae Estimation of Susceptibility to Phoma betae Wireworms Pests - Wireworms Number Counting of wireworms Bolting plant Number Bolting plant number Number of bolting plants for thousand plants after sowing The width of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Measurement of perisperm width None Observation of seed shattering Hairiness of leaf surface Observation of Hairiness of leaf surface Determination of ploidy level Ploidy Plant Plant ploidy level Seed Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape Seed size Size Measurement of cotyledon final length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Root Productivity - Beet weight Weight Weight of a single beet without leaves Ploidy scale Measurement of Tip Width Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average width of broken apical part Measurement of seed coat sp diameter Seed coat sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Petiole Petiole length Minimum petiole length among plants Length Verticillium wilt Fungal disease - Verticillium Susceptibility Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Growth of plants under heat condition and rate the tolerance Plant Heat stress tolerance Heat stress tolerance HeatTol Measurement of weight Of Beets After Sorting Weight of beets after sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Plot Productivity - Plant productivity Plot population Population Computation of Mean Germination Time Calculated as: Σ (n T)/ Σ n, where n = number of seeds newly germinated at time T; T = hours from the beginning of the germination test, Σ n = final germination. Minimum petiole width among plants Width Petiole width Petiole m²/m² Measurement of width Leaf blade Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade width SPNBPLDESGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by game on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Yield Productivity - White sugar yield White sugar yield calculated White sugar Pests - Stem nematode Stem nematode symptoms Number of plant Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms Number of striped flea beetle on plants Striped flea beetle Number Pests - Striped flea beetle AUPC of FCOVER Under progress curve area of FCOVER evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures SPNBPLSYSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Measurement of alpha-amino nitrogen content of beet mush Root alpha-amino nitrogen content measured by Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot mm3 Root Sodium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of sodium content of beet mush Plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress Plant wilting Wilting Plant Score leaf wilting per plot under drought stress Estimation of drought stress susceptibility Leaf height Leaf Height Plant height on a group of single plants SUMNBCOMO method Summer Number of moth on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Color Stem Stem color Color of the inflorescence stem Number of blate pits due to mangod fly with indication of maggot presence or not per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of blate pits Absent/Present beets having symptoms due to Heterodera Schachtii - confirmed by cysts on radicles - evaluated regularly on plants between start of july and end of september SPSHS method Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Stem Diameter Stem diameter The width of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Measurement of embryo width Evaluation of root damages visually. Wounded referes to significant mass loss. Bruised referes to scratched surface, visible crack with no mass loss. Wounded and bruised are both Observation of Type Of Root Damage method_of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern scale Width Root Measurement of the average root width Root width SPNBPLTOPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESPYBE and SPNBPLSYPYBE Wilting scale Scale for Flowering Pattern within plants Beet Shape scale Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility scale Leaf chlorophyll quantity Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves Chlorophyll content Canopy Observation of Bract Distribution Description of the importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Scale for Seedling Betacyanin Content None Observation of seed maturity Measurement of Technical Length Beet length between top and tail Stemphylium beticola susceptibility scale Observation of flowering pattern within plants Flowering pattern within plants The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the seed coat Computation of seed coat equivalent diameter Computation of Free Fructose and Glucose Sum of Free Fructose and Glucose (g/100g Fresh matter) Length Root Measurement of the average root length Root length Empty seed Seed Empty Percentage of empty seeds in a sample Computation of Soil Tare Evaluation Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight - calculated on 5 samples of 100 beets Aphanomyces cochlioides susceptibility scale General scoring scale Date of the seed bearer flowering start Observation of the Flowering Start Computation of the sphericity index of the perisperm A measure of how closely the shape of the perisperm resembles that of a perfect sphere Leaf Loss Loss of leaves due to water stress : reference measure based on an image to evaluate total foliar surface Loss of leaves (LAI) Percentage of normal seeds in a sample Normal Seed Normal seed Foliar surface touched by powdery mildew evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Powdery Mildew Gravity Fasciation Cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster Inflorescence cluster fasciation Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew Number of plants with powdery mildew spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Perisperm sphericity index Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the perisperm Sphericity index Perisperm SPNBPLSYCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Standard deviation of the external surface area of the embryo Embryo area Area Embryo Computation of Embryo Length Maximal length of the embryo extracted from the virtual embryo skeleton and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Fructose and glucose content in root Free fructose and glucose onfresh matter Root Fructose and glucose content Number of plants doubled at field emergence : if 2 plants are spaced less than 0.5 * normal distance between 2 seeds - counted at 200°Cd after sowing Counting of Double Plant At Field Emergence Spring / Emergence Number of plant with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYNOMO method Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility to black root due to Aphanomyces cochlioides Fungal disease - Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility Count the number of dead plants for a whole plot Number Dead plant Dead plant number Percentage of monogerm seeds Counting the number of monogerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of monogerm seeds The length of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Measurement of embryo length White sugar yield calculated in t/ha. Computation of white sugar yield Thrips Number of thrips on plants Number Pests - Thrips Aphanomyces Root Rot susceptibility scale Charcoal Root Rot susceptibility scale Degree of male sterility Male flower Male fertility Sterility Measurement of seed spacing Mean spacing between seeds measured on a line of 10 seeds Observation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern None Beet Yellows Virus scale Petiole Color Petiole color Color of petiole SPNBPLTOCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCF and SPNBPLSYCF Root Shape scale Measurement of perisperm sp diameter Perisperm sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Betacyanin content Seedling Seedling Betacyanin Content Betacyanin content in seed Weight of beets before soil removal for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal AUDPC of RLS AUDPC : Under curve area of RLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Leaf Color scale Cuticle Thickness scale Summer Number of plants with blates touched by spider mites - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLLESPMI method Measurement of the embryo volume Volume of the embryo measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. SPNBPLSYSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Observe the Magnesium Deficiency 1 + Alter, Magnesium Deficiency 2 + Alter Estimation of magnesium deficiency Chlorophyll content evolution Leaf AUPC Chlorophyll Chlorophyll content Standard deviation of the external surface area of the seed coat Seed coat area Area Seed coat Growth rate Radicle Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Radicle lengthening speed Countind of frozen beets Observe the plants per plot under frost condition and count the number of frozen beets SPNBPLTOCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCENTI and SPNBPLSYCENTI Number of plants after sowing Plant population after sowing Number Plant Seed Mutigermicity Germination Grain germination scale_of Fusarium Susceptibility to Fusarium Susceptibility Vascular disease - Fusarium Leaf blade width Leaf blade Width Leaf blade width on a group of single plants Percentage Bolting percentage Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Bolting plant Abnormal Percentage of abnormal seeds in a sample Abnormal seed Seed Pests - Ditylenchus dipsaci Susceptibility Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci Ditylenchus dipsaci Estimation of early vigor Observe the vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola - 1st and 2nd notation Estimation of Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Fresh matter yield Leaf Total fresh matter yield of leaves Productivity - Leaf fresh matter yield SPNBPLTOBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESBLLEG and SPNBPLSYBLLEG Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves - measured in laboratory Measurement of chlorophyll in leaves Measurement of Mean Root Width Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root width Phytoproducts damages scale Number of beets with topping class [1], [2], [5] or [6] relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Computation of Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESFLBE and SPNBPLSYFLBE SPNBPLTOFLBE method Susceptibility Susceptibility to beet cyst nematode due to Heterodera schachtii Heterodera schachtii Pests - Heterodera Schachtii Presence of embryo Embryo Automatic detection of the presence of embryo Presence Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESMILL and SPNBPLSYMILL SPNBPLTOMILL method Evaluation of the average plant stay green Evaluation of the average plant stay green Measurement of area of the seed coat External surface area of the seed coat measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Counting of number of plant after sowing Number of plants / parcel counted at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd thermal time after sowing Estimation of Sugar content of beet Sugar content of beet predicted by a NIRS None Measurement of Content of betacyanin in the beet Classification of root by maximum diameter Class of the maximum diameter of single beet in cm Susceptibility to root maggot using de Lee Campbell disease scoring scale Observation of root maggot using de Lee Campbell Tetanops myopaeformis SPNBPLSYCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Determination of the average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Color Grain germination time Seed Germination time Germination time Measurement of Top Thickness Height of top of the beet Purity Juice purity Juice Juice purity of a brei sample representative from the whole plot Hairiness scale Counting of green apterous aphids Number of green apterous aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Date Root Shape Root shape in longitudinal section Root shape Bolting start time Beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Start time Bolting Topping Quality Evaluation of topping quality visually, 1 and 2 are undertopped, 3 and 4 are well topped and 5 and 6 are overtopped Productivity - Root dry matter yield Root Dry matter yield Root dry matter yield estimated by FT-NIR Weight Rotten root Rotten beet weight Productivity - Rotten beet weight Root Betaine content by FT-NIR Betaine content Betaine content in root Time of reach x% of germination Time to reach x% of the total number of seeds, x = 10 to 90 Counting of hors Yellow-Orange Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Estimation of root aphids susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Aphids Ditylenchus Dipsaci susceptibility scale SPNBPLDESSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by slug on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Standard deviation of the seed coat length Length Seed coat Seed coat lenght Rhizomania Yellowing susceptibility scale Seed Shattering scale Susceptibility Pests - Tetanops myopaeformis Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility to root maggot due to Tetanops myopaeformis Non Yellow beet Number of beets by color not in root color trait Number Non Yellow beet number Erysiphe Fungal disease - Erysiphe betae Susceptibility to Erysiphe Susceptibility Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root neck Measurement of weight of Root Neck Measurement of seed coat shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Estimation of matter content predicted with FT-NIR Soluble dry matter content predicted with FT-NIR on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample Determination of the percentage of Bigerme In Seeds Counting the number of bigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of bigerm seeds Mpa mm² Measurement of the presence of embryo Automatic detection of the presence of embryo. Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 2D X-Ray. Root Measurement of the importance of branched beet Branched Branched beet Leaf wilting under drought stress Drought stress Drought stress susceptibility Leaf Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by pygmy beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESPYBE method Seed coat thickness Thickness Seed coat Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh Uromyces betae Susceptibility Susceptibility to rust due to Uromyces betae Fungal disease - Uromyces betae Mean maximum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole width among Width Maximum SPNBPLTOWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESWHGR and SPNBPLSYWHGR Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the persiperm Perisperm Diameter Perisperm equivalent diameter Growth rate Hypocotyl Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Hypocotyl lengthening speed Embryo Width Standard deviation of the embryo width Embryo width Quantity of nitrogen in leaves (in g/m²) Leaf nitrogen quantity Canopy Nitrogen content Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the maximal diameter Measurement of Beet Width Max General growth type and/or use type Productivity - Plant target use Plant Use Number of slugs on 0.25 sqm using traps - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Counting of Slugs Before Sowing Double plant number Count the number of double plants at field emergence Number Double plant Observation of Bolting Start Determination of the beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production SUMNBPLTOCRMO method Summer Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Diameter of single beet top Measurement of Beet Top Diameter Measurement of gross weight Root gross weight / microplot in kg/ha Branched Beet scale Persiperm width Width Perisperm Standard deviation of the perisperm width Root Maggot susceptibility scale Number of black aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of black aphids Beet Chlorosis Virus susceptibility scale Seed coat Width Standard deviation of the seed coat width Seed coat width Estimation of flesh coarness None Alpha-amino nitrogen content in root Alpha-amino nitrogen content Root alpha-amino nitrogen content Root Number Non Yellow-orange beet Non Yellow-orange beet number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Color Leaf blade Average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Leaf blade color Beet shape Shape Root Shape of the beet Estimation of Inflorescence cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster fasciation Area Cotyledon Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth Cotyledon area Counting the number of plants in a plot Counting Observe the growth of plants per plot and rate the heterogeneity due to soil structure or soil depth Estimation of soil effect Embryo Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the embryo Embryo Shape Quantity of chlorophyll in canopy Chlorophyll quantity in leaf (in microgram/cm² of leaf) calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery SPNBPLSYGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit Root Sugar content Invert sugar content in root Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Estimation of green pixels An Area Scale for Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Free fructose content of root measured Fructose content in root Root Fructose content µg/cm² leaf Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity scale Observation of Leaf Regrowth Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Leaf Glossiness scale Leaf blade ratio Ratio Leaf blade Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Susceptibility to root rot due to Sclerotium rolfsii Susceptibility Fungal disease - Sclerotium rolfsii Sclerotium rolfsii Top root Top beet thickness Thickness Height of top of the beet Measurement of mutigermicity Visual inspection to observe wether one, two or more glomerules are sticked together into one glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. glucose of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Measurement of glucose content of beet mush Computation of Beet Size Mean Ratio Max Width / Width 1/2 after max (meausred in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - High = cylindric beet; Low = conical beet Measurement of Soil Humidity Humidity of soil in % Polymyxa betae Fungal disease - Polymyxa betae Susceptibility to root rot due to Polymyxa betae Susceptibility Number of plant Number of plant with centipede symptoms Pests - Centipede Centipede symptoms Root aphids susceptibility scale 1 Susceptibility Pseudomonas aptata Bacterial disease - Pseudomonas aptata Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata None Observation of beet shape cm Root Color Root color Root color below ground of a group of single plants Fungal disease - Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Susceptibility Susceptibility to downy mildew due to Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Pests - Beet leaf bug Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug Number of plant Leaves stinged Early vigor scale Sugar content in root Sugar content Quality index with invert sugar Root Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Ramularia beticola Fungal disease - Ramularia beticola Susceptibility Cold stress damage Plant Count the number of frozen beets Cold stress damage Observation General appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Plot Fungal disease - General scoring Root Gross yield Root gross yield Productivity - Root gross yield Summer Number of beet leaf bug on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOBLB method Curly top Viral disease - Curly top virus Susceptibility Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSTNEM and SPNBPLSYSTNEM SPNBPLTOSTNEM method Mean minimum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole width among Width Minimum Perisperm SpDiameter Length Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the perisperm Perisperm Total fresh matter yield of leaves Computation of Fresh Matter Yield of leaves Downy Mildew Susceptibility scale Number of leaves Number Leaf Leaf number Class of the diameter of the root at the point of break in cm for single beet Classification of root by diameter Counting of Cercospora beticola Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th notation Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by thrips - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOTHR method Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Estimation of Pseudomonas aptata susceptibility Number Total Bolting plant count Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Bolting plant Computation of embryo equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the embryo Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Pink Beets Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Number of plants with sugar beet rust pustules - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery (in m²/m²) Evaluation of total foliar surface Flesh Color scale Susceptibility Fungal disease - Stemphylium beticola Susceptibility to yellow leaf spot due to Stemphylium beticola Stemphylium beticola Coarness Flesh coarness Flesh Evaluation of flesh coarness Root Rhizoctonia symptoms Beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia Leaf blade Average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Glossiness Leaf blade glossiness Number of plant Leaf hoppers Pests - Leaf hoppers Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers Computation of rotten gross gravity Weight of rotten beets parts relative to gross weight of beets Estimation of Rust Susceptibility Susceptibility to Rust (Uromyces betae) at plot level - 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th notation Number of plant with AB217 symptoms Pests - Millipede Millipede symptoms Number of plant Susceptibility to violet root due to Helicobasidium purpureum Fungal disease - Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility Helicobasidium purpureum Observation of Leaf Glossiness Determination of the average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Measurement of Size Grade Seed size measured using sieves Sugar yield Productivity - Beet sugar yield Beet sugar yield Root Root Beet size Size Beet size as the ratio of max on min beet width Percentage of white sugar in the root at plot scale Computation of white sugar content in the root Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature Temperature Cotyledon temperature Cotyledon Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk length Measurement of length Leaf Stalk Thickness of leaf cuticle Thickness Leaf cuticle Cuticle thickness Leaf Height scale Beet Cyst Nematode Susceptibility scale Observe the Manganese Deficiency Estimation of manganese deficiency Germination rate Seed Early germination rate Early count of percentage of germinated seeds mEq/100g of fresh matter Computation of perisperm equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the perisperm Observation of the leaf blade Observation Leaf blade Blistering Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content measured by refractometer Computation of dry matter yield White sugar content in root White sugar content White sugar content in the root Root Measurement of weight of Root Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root herself Computation of seed's filling ratio Estimating the percentage of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed in % Root Rot Erwinia scale SPTBYV method Absent/Present beets touched by beet yellow virus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september Estimation of Beet Cyst Heterodera Schachtii Susceptability to Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii) Leaf Phytoproduct damage Foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Phytoproducts damage Root Color scale Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Measurement of cotyledon surface area Computation of rotten net gravity Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature Temperature Radicle temperature Radicle Importance Crown Crown importance Measurement of the importance of the crown Measurement of on early germination Rate Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Pests - Vole Number of plant Number of plant with vole symptoms Vole symptoms Germity scale Seed area Seed External surface area of the hole seed measured Area Soluble dry matter content measured on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample with a refractometer - In °Brix Measurement of dry Matter Content Measurement of top Height Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average 'green above ground part' Petiole Color scale Bract Distribution Scale Fusarium Susceptibility scale SPNBPLSYPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Perisperm Perisperm volume Standard deviation of the volume of the perisperm Volume Measurement of the normal seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule has only a single embryo and a perisperm without any malformation or defects. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Observation of Polymyxa betae susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth Pests - Noctuid moth Number of plant Perforated leaves Time of the germination of the seed Germination time Germination time Seed Quantity of nitrogen in canopy Quantity of nitrogen in canopy - predicted using a NIRS Measurement of the average width of broken apical part Root tip Tip width Width Blistering scale Counting of Stem Number Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Spring / Emergence Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYBLLEG method Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Yellow Beets Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk width Measurement of width Leaf Stalk Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the diameter located at the half of the root under the max diameter Measurement of Beet Width Half Determination of the average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Undulation Percentage of Sugar Content Sucrose content measured by polarimetry on Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Scale for Flowering Pattern between plants Dry matter content Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Root Dry matter content in root Measurement of free Glucose content by HPLC Free Glucose content of root measured on frozen brei sample (g/100g Fresh matter) by HPLC Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Estimation of Chlorosis Virus Soil Productivity - Soil proportion in raw beet weight Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight Proportion Measurement of seed Surface Area External surface area of the hole seed measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of petiole length among Length Maximum Mean maximum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Root Beet length between top and tail Beet length Length Bolting plant Number Bolting plant count Count of bolting plants for a whole plot Productivity - Topping quality Quality Evaluation of topping quality visually Topping Estimation of content predicted by FT-NIR Invert sugar content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Summer Number of plants touched by striped flea beetle - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOSFB method Score of Susceptibility to Rust Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Number of plants with cercospora leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (if no treatment - If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Measurement of the empty seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule is empty and therefore does not contain an organ. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Weight Root weight Root Single beet weight constituted by top Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Estimation of Yellows Virus Computation of Ground Cover Rate Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves around 15th of May, 25th of May and 06th of June - using a photography vertically taken AUPC of green vegetation cover Green vegetation Cover Green vegetation cover (FCOVER) evolution Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the embryo Embryo Length Embryo Sphere Diameter Root aphids susceptibility scale 2 Leaf Regrowth scale Life form scale Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Washing Pests - Aphanomyces black leg Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms Aphanomyces black leg symptoms Number of plant Estimation of Black Aphanomyces Cochlioides Susceptibility to Black Root (Aphanomyces cochliodes). Embryo shape characterisation index Computation of feret shape value of the embryo Productivity - Root gross weight Root gross weight Root Weight Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Observation of Verticillium wilt susceptibility Seedling growth Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Growth Seedling AUPC of Chlorophyll Under progress curve area of Chlorophyll content evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures Observation of Cuticle Thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle (consult with IIRB) Measurement of free Fructose content Free Fructose content of root measured on brei (g/100g Fresh matter) Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity scale Leaf stalk length Leaf stalk length on a group of single plants Leaf stalk Length Counting the number of genetic twins seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of twins Determination of the percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Computation of sugar yield Sugar yield calculated in t/ha Observation of Hypocotyl pigmentation Hypocotyl pigmentation Perisperm lenght Standard deviation of the perisperm length Perisperm Length AUDPC of PM AUDPC : Under curve area of PM gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Measurement of seed coat length The length of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Manganese deficiency Manganese deficiency Leaf Estimation of manganese deficiency Susceptibility to Sclerotium root rot Estimation of Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility Observation of Erwinia rot susceptibility Susceptibility to Erwinia Rot Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of perisperm shape SPNBPLDESSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by stem nematode on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Measurement of weight of leaves weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Computation of the rugosity index of the seed coat Surface characterization of the Seed Coat Fungal disease - Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Perisperm Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the perisperm Perisperm Shape Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSLUG and SPNBPLSYSLUG SPNBPLTOSLUG method Mineral Deficiency scale AUPC of LAI Under progress curve area of LAI evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures Number Non White beet number Non White beet Number of beets by color not in root color trait Embryo Diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the embryo Embryo equivalent diameter Number of plant White grub symptoms Number of plant with white grub symptoms Pests - White grub End Use scale Estimation of dry matter yield Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content predicted by FT-NIR Mean minimum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole length among Length Minimum Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Computation of Radicle Temperature Delta Total volume of the seed measured in cubic millimeter (mm3) Measurement of seed volume None Seed Seed shattering Shattering Mean Measurement of the perisperm volume Volume of the perisperm measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Flesh Coarness scale Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility scale Estimation of Rhizomania Rhizomania Susceptibility to Rhizomania - 1st, 2nd and 3rd notation Measurement of the maximum thicknes of the seed coat The maximum thickness of all the measured points on the seed coat in millimeters (mm) Number of beets with break diameter less or equal to 2 cm relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Computation of Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Susceptibility to Erysiphe - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Estimation of Susceptibility to Erysiphe Observation of Root Maggot susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Maggot Dry matter predicted by a NIRS Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Scale for Maximum Beet Diameter Class Scale for Type Of Root Damage Temperature threshold value under which germination does not occur Computation of germination Base Temperature Computation of root gross yield Root gross yield calculated in t/ha Total number of bolting plants Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot SPNBPLDESMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by millipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Foliar surface touched by cercospora leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity Scale for Beet Position In Soil Degree of male sterility Degree of male sterility Observation of below ground of a group Root Color Root color below ground of a group of single plants Damping-off complex scale Mesasurement of seed mass Individual seed mass Topping quality scale Measurement of net weight Root net weight / microplot in kg/ha SPNBPLDESCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by centipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Counting of black aphids Number Black aphids Pests - Black aphid Count of wireworms in a parcel Counting of wireworms Fungal disease - Cercospora Beticola Cercospora beticola Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola Susceptibility Multigermicity scale Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms Pygmy beetle symptoms Number of plant Pests - Pygmy beetle Damage by Ramularia Damage by Ramularia Leaf Fungal disease - Ramularia variable_of Color Hypocotyl pigmentation Hypocotyl Hypocotyl color SUMNBPLTOMF method Summer Number of blate pits due to mangol fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Rhizoctonia Solani susceptibility scale Evaluation of root damages visually Root damage Root Damange Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Washing Weight of beets after washing for the entire plot Percentage of beets not much broken Broken beets Root Broken Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors White Beets Area Perisperm area Perisperm Standard deviation of the external surface area of the perisperm Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Computation of Hypocotyl Temperature Delta Root sodium content Sodium content Root Sodium content in root Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample Flesh Color Main color of flesh Flesh color Root shape in longitudinal section Observation of Root Shape AUDPC of RUST AUDPC : Under curve area of RUST gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Leaf Ground coverage Ground coverage by plant leaves Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves mm/h Estimation of juice purity from the 'Wieniger & Kubadinov' formula based on impurity (K, Na and Alpha-N) and sucrose contents Determination of juice purity Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Orange Beets Stages of seed bearer flowering Observation of flowering time Observation of flowering pattern between plants Flowering pattern between plants High Temperatures Suceptibility scale Number Non Pink beet Non Pink beet number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Presence of Cercospora nests Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis SPNBPLDESNOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Hypocotyl Color scale Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Number of plants with ramularia leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Cercospora Beticola susceptibility scale Observation of rings color Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Leaf Undulation scale SUMNBPLTOLEH method Summer Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Plant Emergence quality Computation of field emergence quality Field emergence quality Root Potassium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of potassium content of beet mush Spring / Emergence Number of plant with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYMILL method Type Of Beet scale Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Mesure of germinating power Erysiphe betae susceptibility scale Scale for Presence Of Embryo