Millipede (Blaniulus guttulatus) Counting Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet MILLCO Daphné Verdelet EmbVol Embryo Volume GEVES/INRA GEVES/INRA Seed Coat Rugosity index Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatRugosity Root Aphids ROOTAPHIDS Daphné Verdelet GRIN CLUSTERFAS Daphné Verdelet GRIN Cluster Fasciation Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Shape VA3d SeedCoatShapeVA3d_STD GEVES Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SOITARE Soil Tare Evaluation = %TARE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Vole Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYVOLE Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) - Cercospora Beticola Daphné Verdelet CLS GRIN/Florimond Desprez Institut Technique de la Betterave MFCO Daphné Verdelet Mangod Fly (Pegomyia betae) Blate Pits And Maggot Counting 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 Daphné Verdelet Area Under Progress Curve Of LAI Over Time LAIAUPC Institut Technique de la Betterave 9 prostrate Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOTHR Summer Number Of Thrips On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave 2 Yellow Perisperm Sphericity index GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet PeriSphericity intermediate 5 NUMB. Daphné Verdelet Number Florimond Desprez PerispShapeVA3d_STD GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez KG/PL Net Weight/Plot GERM Germity Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) SeedCoatThick Mean Seed Coat Thickness GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet L COL Leaf Color Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 7 Old leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) Entire defoliation (caution : regrowth !!!) (Infection 100%) 9 Daphné Verdelet EmbFeretShape3d_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Feret Shape 3d GEVES/INRA SPNBPLDESBLLEG Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Aphanomyces Black Leg Institut Technique de la Betterave 5 intermediate Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta SeedlingBcyanin Seedling Betacyanin Content EARLY Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Early Vigor Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOPYBE Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Striped Flea Beetle Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOSFB PSEU Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Pseudomonas aptata Seed Coat Maximum Thickness SeedCoatMaxThickness GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet GRIN Petiole Length - Maximum PETLENMAX TOT. Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Bolters Total Number LeafDryMat International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Leaf Dry Matter Content 1 very resistant NIBSC Institut Technique de la Betterave Nirs - Sugar Content Of Beets Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Green Apterous Aphid Counting GACO Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot FELERLS Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet very hard 9 Florimond Desprez %IS V Percentage Of Invert Sugar Venema Daphné Verdelet 2 elliptic Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity GRAVCLS Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet TECHLGT Technical Length Institut Technique de la Betterave Florimond Desprez G Glucose %GLUC Daphné Verdelet 4 wounded and bruised SPRPOP Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring Population Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Slug Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOSLUG 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched Seed Shattering International Data Base for Beta SeedShattering Daphné Verdelet CLBEDIAM Maximum Beet Diameter Class Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Embryo Lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet EmbLength3d GEVES/INRA Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 GRIN/Florimond Desprez Curly Top CTOP Curly Top Virus Daphné Verdelet FleshCoarness Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Root Flesh Coarness RED Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Number Of Red Beets 3 9 - 11 cm 5 intermediate Institut Technique de la Betterave WGTPORN Daphné Verdelet Weight Proportion Of Root Neck GEVES/INRA SeedMass Daphné Verdelet Seed Mass Daphné Verdelet GRIN FLWRPATW Flowering Pattern – Within plants GEVES/INRA SeedCoatEqDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 Severe stunting, yellowing; leaves prostate and some leaves dead - Majority of plants with Score = 7 7 Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYWHGR Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With White Grub Symptoms EmptyVolume Empty Space Volume GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet GEVES Embryo Shape VA3d EmbShapeVA3d Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Lab- Sugar Content Of Beets Mush Institut Technique de la Betterave LABSC > 90% past flowering 7 4.5 - 7 cm 1 SPNBPLTOMILL Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Millipede Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOCF Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Crane-Fly Symptoms Daphné Verdelet 4 broad elliptic Daphné Verdelet CABAUPC Institut Technique de la Betterave Area Under Progress Curve Of Chlorophyll Over Time 3 intermediate deficiency Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 BolStart Bolting Start Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta 3 bruised Daphné Verdelet BSN Beet Stem Nematode – Ditylenchus Dipsaci Florimond Desprez hard 7 Embryo Surface Area EmbSurfArea GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Flowering Start Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta FLoweringStart All plants are covered with grey powdery mycellum (Infection 100%) 9 PerispSpDiameter_STD GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm SpDiameter mm 2 weak damages Abnormal seed GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Abnormal seed ERW Root Rot Erwinia Daphné Verdelet Erwinia Rot GRIN/Florimond Desprez Erwinia Rot – Erwinia Betavasculorum 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) Embryo Length GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbLength BWIDM Beet Width Max Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez SeedCoatShapeVA3d GEVES Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet DeltaTempCot Cotyledon Temperature Delta GEVES/INRA REFLAIloss Loss of leaves due to Water stress Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez DEADP Dead Plants EmbWidth3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Embryo Width 3d Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms SPNBPLSYPYBE CUTICLE Cuticle Thickness Daphné Verdelet GRIN Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave FCOVERAUPC Area Under Progress Curve Of FCOVER Over Time Daphné Verdelet Cotyledon Final Length (At 110°Cd) CotylFnlLg GEVES/INRA Leaf Betacyanin Pattern LeafBcyanin Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Game SPNBPLDESGAME Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet RWIDT Mean Root Width VRR Violet Root Rot (VRR) – Helicobasidium Purpureum Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Maximum Thickness SeedCoatMaxThickness_STD Rotten Gross Gravity Daphné Verdelet ROGROGRAV Institut Technique de la Betterave S/HA Daphné Verdelet Sugar Yield Florimond Desprez Persiperm Width 3d PeriWidth3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Hypocotyl Lengthening Speed (Hyp = 25 Mm) HypSpd Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet PerispShapeVA3d Perisperm Shape VA3d GEVES 3 bolting Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Vole Symptoms SPNBPLTOVOLE Institut Technique de la Betterave 3 resistant PETWIDMIN Petiole Width - Minimum Daphné Verdelet GRIN Immune 0 0 Glabrous - hairs completely absent TWI M Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Tip Width Mean Florimond Desprez Nest Of Cercospora NEST Daphné Verdelet 5 Very strong Gen Ap Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 semi-prostrate 7 Florimond Desprez % S Percentage Of Sugar Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet BETAN Florimond Desprez Betaine NIR Weight Proportion Of Top Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGTPOTO Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Surface Area EmbSurfArea_STD GEVES Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal WGHASR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Bigerm seed Bigerm seed Bolters Counting Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez BOLC Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 4 Most leaves moderately curling; more than half of the upper surface of the leaf visible - Majority of plants with Score = 4 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) Damping-off complex Daphné Verdelet DAMP Florimond Desprez intermediate vigor 3 Daphné Verdelet GRIN RhizoYellow Rhizomania Yellowing Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) - 80% dead plants 7 tolerant 4 Only the center few whorls of leaves green and alive - Majority of plants with Score = 8 8 WHIL Wilting Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez RLSAUDPC Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) Audpc SeedGrade Seed Size Grade GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SCLE Daphné Verdelet Sclerotium rolfsii Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet GRIN MALESTER Male Sterility 5 pink SPNBPLDESVOLE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Vole Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Tb Germ Germination Base Temperature GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatWidth3d Seed Coat Width 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Width 3d GEVES/INRA EmbWidth3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez GR/PL Gross Weight/Plot Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Game Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYGAME Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Molasse Sugar (F) / % Sugar SM/POL-IS 3 intermediate 3 intermediate stay green Florimond Desprez Width Leaf Blade WIBLA Daphné Verdelet Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Institut Technique de la Betterave FELESBR Daphné Verdelet 5 intermediate Petiole Length - Minimum Daphné Verdelet GRIN PETLENMIN ROOTMAGGOT GRIN Root Maggot Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Black Aphid Counting Daphné Verdelet BACO RND M Beet Roundness Mean Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Millipede Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESMILL higly susceptible 9 1 No infection (100% plant stand) Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta BeetShape Beet Shape FROST Daphné Verdelet Frozen Beets Florimond Desprez No infection 1 REFLAI Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image 9 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) Net Weight/Ha Daphné Verdelet T/HA Florimond Desprez Elliptic 2 Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA CotylSrf Cotyledon Surface Area (At 110°Cd) Flesh Color FLESHCOLOR Daphné Verdelet GRIN erect 1 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 Spots on most leaves easely visible (around 75-100 spots)(Infection 5%) 3 Percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds TRIGE Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez PerispSurfArea Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Surface Area GEVES/INRA Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet PM Audpc PMAUDPC Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Western SPTBW Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Leaf blade : Ratio Length / Width LE/WI Daphné Verdelet 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Striped Flea Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESFLBE 3 Twins Daphné Verdelet Radicle Temperature Delta GEVES/INRA DeltaTempRad 3 intermediate Gen Ap PINK Number Of Pink Beets Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez susceptible 7 SPNBPLDESWHGR Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By White Grub Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 1 little Daphné Verdelet Branched Beet BRANC Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BLIST Florimond Desprez Blistering Pink 2 Institut Technique de la Betterave GEPOW Daphné Verdelet Germinating Power 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 Empty seed GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Empty seed 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) EmbSpDiameter_STD GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo SpDiameter mm Entire defoliation - caution : regrowth !!! (Infection 100%) 9 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 LPOSI Daphné Verdelet Leaf Position GRIN/Florimond Desprez Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 Stunting, slight yellowing; most leaves becoming prostrate - Majority of plants with Score = 6 6 entity Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) - Ramularia beticola Daphné Verdelet RLS Florimond Desprez Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) 7 Perisperm Lenght 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet PeriLength3d Stay Green Florimond Desprez GREEN Daphné Verdelet 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot FELECLS Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet very strong damages - the whole plot is burned 5 GEVES Standard Deviation Seed Coat SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatSpDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet NMBREBE Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Institut Technique de la Betterave 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 1 White Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Younger leaves wilting)(Infection 80%) 8 medium 5 intermdiate 5 Orange 3 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Embryo Feret Shape 3d EmbFeretShape3d Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez VERT Verticillium Rust – Uromyces Betae RUST Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez FLWRPATB Daphné Verdelet GRIN Flowering Pattern – Between plants Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYMILL Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Millipede Symptoms Rotten Net Gravity Daphné Verdelet RONETGRAV Institut Technique de la Betterave 8 a few plants still standing, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 5 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Of Rhizoctonia Crown And Root Rot Institut Technique de la Betterave SPSRCRR Daphné Verdelet Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) strong stay green 4 THE M Top Height Mean Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) resistant 3 1 very tender Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez SOIL Soil Effect Florimond Desprez LHEIG Leaf Height Daphné Verdelet 3 Weak GEVES/INRA Presence Of Embryo Daphné Verdelet EmbPres Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHBSO 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Width Leaf Stalk WISTA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatRugosity_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Rugosity index GEVES/INRA 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) Phoma Betae Daphné Verdelet PHOMA Florimond Desprez PSI b Germ Germination Base Water Potential GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Sbr Audpc SBRAUDPC 9 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) GEVES/INRA Multigermicity Daphné Verdelet Multigerm seed Summer Number Of Moth On Plants Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave REGRO Leaf Regrowth Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPSRH Absent/Present Beets Having Rhizopus Symptoms TODIAM Institut Technique de la Betterave Beet Top Diameter Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGHASO Weight Of Beets After Sorting 5 narrow oblong intermediate susceptible 7 Strong 7 DBFEMER Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Double Plant At Field Emergence medium 5 Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Flatness GEVES/INRA SeedCoatFlatness No infection (100% plant stand) 1 Daphné Verdelet Beet Size Mean Florimond Desprez BSI M Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew Daphné Verdelet FELEPM Institut Technique de la Betterave Percentage Of Invert Sugar Kit Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez %IS K Institut Technique de la Betterave TOTHI Daphné Verdelet Top Thickness Yellow 2 GEVES/INRA Radicle Final Length (At 110°Cd) Daphné Verdelet RadFnlLg Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plant With Eroded Intern Crown - Moth SUMNBPLTOCRMO Institut Technique de la Betterave 9 No plant left (0% plant stand) SeedVol GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Volume Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 Monogerm 1 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbSphericity Embryo Sphericity index Daphné Verdelet G Fructose %FRUC Florimond Desprez Black Root – Aphanomyces Cochlioides GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet ARR Aphanomyces Root Rot (Arr) – Aphanomyces Cochlioides 6 Intermediate infection (± 40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Stem Nematode SPNBPLDESSTNEM 4 correctly topped Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESCF Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Crane-Fly Percentage Of Juice Purity W&K Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez W & K Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOBLLEG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms RadLg GEVES Radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C Daphné Verdelet EmbSpDiameter GEVES Embryo SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet BMYV Florimond Desprez Beet Mild Yellowing Virus 6 Distinct large brown necrotic sppots on most leaves + start coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) Standard Deviation Embryo Shape VA3d GEVES EmbShapeVA3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYFLBE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms 3 Slight leaf curl of the edge of new leaves; pimpling on the veins of the underside of the leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 3 medium 5 Daphné Verdelet WIWOCO Institut Technique de la Betterave Wireworms counting Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 PerispSpDiameter Daphné Verdelet Perisperm SpDiameter mm GEVES 9 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) No Symptoms - Majority of plants with Score = 1 1 Summer Number Of Plants With Blate Touched By Spider Mite Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLLESPMI White 1 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet RadSpd Radicle Lengthening Speed (Root = 20 Mm) 1 absent 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing (>5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) spotted 3 5 > 8 cm GEVES/INRA Germination Final Rate Daphné Verdelet GermFnlRt highly tolerant 5 Other (specify) 8 7 non-swollen GRIN ROOTAPHID Root Aphids [1-4] Daphné Verdelet 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched Standard Deviation Empty Space Volume EmptyVolume_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet SPTBMYV Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Mild Yellowing Luteovirus 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 3 Several plants show spots on leaves (Infection 5%) Powdery Mildew Gravity Daphné Verdelet GRAVPM Institut Technique de la Betterave French Top Mean FRT M Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez SPNBPLTOWHGR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With White Grub Symptoms LIFEFORM Daphné Verdelet GRIN Life form (ie life cycle) Florimond Desprez Mean Root Length Daphné Verdelet RLEN Completely male sterile, black or brown anthers 3 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Equivalent Diameter PeriEqDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESPYBE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Pygmy Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Stem Nematode Symptoms SPNBPLSYSTNEM Institut Technique de la Betterave Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Stem Nematode Symptoms SPNBPLTOSTNEM Daphné Verdelet G Fructose + Glucose Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez % SUG 2 Asynchronous Daphné Verdelet BOLN Bolting Number Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SeedMaturity International Data Base for Beta Seed Maturity Very weak Gen Ap 1 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez YLS Yellow Leaf Spot (YLS) – Stemphylium beticola Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Leaf Hoppers Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOLEH Institut Technique de la Betterave Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 Summer Number Of Striped Flea Beetle On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBCOSFB Daphné Verdelet absent 0 6 Biomass YELNB Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Number Of Yellow Beets Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Spider Mites On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBCOSPMI OCVV/International Data Base for Beta RPOSI Beet Position In Soil Daphné Verdelet Strong 7 Seed Coat Volume GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatVol 3 yellow 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 Flowering End FloweringEnd Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Beet Leaf Bug On Plants SUMNBCOBLB Institut Technique de la Betterave 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms Summer Number Of Blate Pits Due To Mangold Fly Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOMF 3 light green Institut Technique de la Betterave LABGLC Lab - Glucose Content Of Beet Mush Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Yield DM/HA Daphné Verdelet Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 WGHLE Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Leaves Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez BETAH Betaine HPLC Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Thrips SUMNBPLTOTHR Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Lab - Potassium Content Of Beet Brei sample LABK mM K Semi-fertile, more or less dehiscent anthers 2 Number Of Orange Beets ORANG Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 1 Leaf vegetable Daphné Verdelet Dry Matter Content % DM Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Normal seed Normal seed GEVES/INRA SEEDSP Institut Technique de la Betterave Seed Spacing Daphné Verdelet More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 High Temperatures Suceptibility Daphné Verdelet INRA HeatTol_E GRIN PLOI Ploidy Daphné Verdelet 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (> 100 pots and rust spores starting to develop)(Infection 10%) Daphné Verdelet RRR GRIN/Florimond Desprez Rhizoctonia Root Rot (RRR) – Rhizoctonia Solani StemDiam International Data Base for Beta Stem Diameter Daphné Verdelet Thin 0 SUMNBCONOMO Summer Number Of Noctuid Moth Caterpillars On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet GRIN LEAFHAIR Leaf Hairiness yellow / light green 2 Ring Color Daphné Verdelet GRIN RINGCOLOR 1 no nymphs or adults present Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Flowering Time FlorweringTime Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Equivalent Diameter EmbEqDiameter_STD GEVES/INRA Beet Weight BEWGT Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) CFCOBSO Institut Technique de la Betterave Crane-Fly Counting Before Sowing Daphné Verdelet 5 First coealescing spots on one or two (old) leaves (Infection 20%) Multigerm (2-4) 3 Daphné Verdelet Thermal time after emergence to reach X% of Green Vegetation Cover Institut Technique de la Betterave TTFCOVER Daphné Verdelet Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage CLDIAMBRE Institut Technique de la Betterave leaf from regrowth 11 8 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) totally touched leaf 10 Standard Deviation Perisperm Volume GEVES PerispVol_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Sphericity index EmbSphericity_STD Weight Of Beets Before Washing Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGHBWA Institut Technique de la Betterave SOIHUM Daphné Verdelet Soil Humidity 9 No plants left (Infection 100%) Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) 7 Seed Filling Ratio GEVES/INRA FillingRatio Daphné Verdelet All plants are covered with light white mycellum (Infection 60%) 7 Tb Seedling Seedling Growth Base Temperature GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet 2 Spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) Standard Deviation Embryo Lenght 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbLength3d_STD mM Na Lab - Sodium Content Of Beet Mush Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet LABNA No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 totally touched leaf 10 FCOVERmax Institut Technique de la Betterave Maximum Green Vegetation Cover Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA PeriLength3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Lenght 3d SPNBPLSYNOMO Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Noctuid Moth Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Daphné Verdelet WGHROBE Institut Technique de la Betterave 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) Hypocotyl Color GRIN/Florimond Desprez HYPOCOTYL Daphné Verdelet 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 3 tender Florimond Desprez SBRA SugarBeet Root Aphid - Phemphigus betae Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Centipede Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYCENTI 4 Red higly susceptible 9 Florimond Desprez GEN. Daphné Verdelet General Scoring Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) 8 A few plants still standinf, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 8 GEVES/INRA Perisperm Volume Daphné Verdelet PerispVol 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Noctuid Moth Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESNOMO SeedCoatLength3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat lenght 3d SeedSurfArea Seed Surface Area GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet L GLO Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Leaf Glossiness Perisperm Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA PeriEqDiameter Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Centipede Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOCENTI Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Volume EmbVol_STD GEVES Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) 5 100 percent leaf yellowing 9 Lab - Nitrogen Quantity In Leaf Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet LANILE Rust AUDPC RUSTAUDPC Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Fodder_beet ontology Sugar_beet ontology Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) 5 Florimond Desprez Stand Homogeneity STAND Daphné Verdelet Length Leaf Stalk L STA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 5 Orange FUSA Fusarium Yellows – Fusarium Oxysporum & Secorum GRIN/Florimond Desprez Fusarium Daphné Verdelet leaf from regrowth 11 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched moderate 5 3 Hairs very parse International Data Base for Beta Leaf Fresh Matter Yield LeafFreshMat Daphné Verdelet strong deficiency 2 3 Only a few plants show yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a few yellow plants (Infection 5%) Florimond Desprez Damage By Phytoproducts PHYTO Daphné Verdelet No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 5 red vein Daphné Verdelet Magnesium Deficiency Mg Florimond Desprez healthy 0 Florimond Desprez BIGER Percentage Of Bigerme In Seeds Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Crane-Fly Symptoms SPNBPLSYCF Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez HYPGR SUMNBPLTOBLB Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Beet Leaf Bug Daphné Verdelet 4 Distincts spots on most leaves but not coalescing (Infection 10%) mM N Lab - Amino Nitrogen Content Of Beet Mush LABAN Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface]]> 3 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Type Of Root Damage BEDAMA GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BCN Beet Cyst Nematode (Bcn) – Heterodera Schachtii Beet Cyst Nematode Heterodera Schachtii Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter SeedCoatEqDiameter GEVES/INRA 1 very little untopped with petioles longer than 2 cm 1 4 Broad elliptic 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) intermediate 5 nymphs present, few adults present 3 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 1 weak 3 0 Immune Florimond Desprez BWIDH Beet Width Half Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatFlatness_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Flatness GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Blinkers Florimond Desprez BLINK 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) SPNBPLSYBLLEG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) No plant with symptoms (Infection 0%) 1 partly monogerm /partly multigerm 2 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 Orange Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Yellow Virus SPTBYV Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet LeafNb Leaf Number Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Maximum Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image Institut Technique de la Betterave REFLAImax GRIN/Florimond Desprez Root Shape Daphné Verdelet ROOTSHAPE StemColor International Data Base for Beta Stem Color Daphné Verdelet 5 Purple 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 Yellow spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 2 White to yellow Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Slugs Counting Before Sowing SLCOBSO 4 Spots on nearly all leaves (Infection 10%) Petiole Color Daphné Verdelet GRIN PETIOLECOL BYV Beet Yellows Virus Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez resistant 3 Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 2 No symptom (Infection 0%) 1 Red 3 5 Sugar extraction 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) 4 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Virtual Seed Size Grade VirtualSeedGrade WGHBSR Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Daphné Verdelet 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) Standard Deviation Seed Coat Surface Area SeedCoatSurfArea_STD GEVES Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatLength3d_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat lenght 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) Daphné Verdelet % WS Florimond Desprez Percentage Of White Sugar Daphné Verdelet MGT GEVES/INRA Mean Germination Time Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Green Vegetation Cover Over An Area FCOVER 2 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) narrow ellipic 1 7 Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 5 medium Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Noctuid Moth Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTONOMO 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) Green 1 Florimond Desprez KNa K + Na Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTONOMO Summer Number Of Plant With Perforated Leaves Due To Noctuid Moth Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Number Of Yellow-Orange Beets Daphné Verdelet YORNM Florimond Desprez 8 Severe infection: few plants surviving, others dead (± 80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) 2 Indeterminate Florimond Desprez Root Color R COL Daphné Verdelet Downy Mildew (DM) – Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae DM Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet FEROBE Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Due To Heterodera Schachtii Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPSHS 9 higly susceptible 5 strong vigor 6 50-100% flower 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) Daphné Verdelet Manganese Deficiency Florimond Desprez MAGNE 7 More than 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) BChV Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Beet Chlorosis Virus 6 > 15 cm Nirs - Dry Matter Of Beets Daphné Verdelet NIBDM Institut Technique de la Betterave DROU Drought Stress Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez End Use Daphné Verdelet GRIN ENDUSE healthy 0 11 - 13 cm 4 Daphné Verdelet Sm/Pol SMPOL Institut Technique de la Betterave 2 7 - 9 cm multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering >95% of root surface 5 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) Purple 5 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Persiperm Width 3d PeriWidth3d_STD Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) - 50% dead plants 5 2 wounded Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms SPNBPLTOFLBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 1 Determinate 10 totally touched leaf GRAVSBR Institut Technique de la Betterave Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Daphné Verdelet 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 10 totally touched leaf 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) - 35% dead plants Daphné Verdelet Nb Of Bolters/Nb Of Beets BOLT/ Florimond Desprez 8 Fibrous 4 Mixed non damaged 1 9 No plant left (0% plant stand) weak 3 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 Summer Number Of Mangold Flies On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBCOMF Daphné Verdelet 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 3 Several plants with infection (± 5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatWidth3d_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Width 3d 3 intermediate Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 Daphné Verdelet Nirs Leaf Area Index Institut Technique de la Betterave NILAI L BLA Daphné Verdelet Length Leaf Blade Florimond Desprez Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 6 Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) HGerm GEVES Hour of germination at 10°C Daphné Verdelet 4 Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched DeltaTempHyp GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Hypocotyl Temperature Delta 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 5 strong stay green Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez L UND Leaf Undulation Very weak vigor 1 5 inflorescence half way up attribute resistant 3 Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Volume SeedCoatVol_STD GEVES 6 narrow obtriangular BNYVV Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus (BNYVV) Rhizomania Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 Daphné Verdelet PolymyxaBetae Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae. GRIN 1 No infection susceptible 7 Very strong deficiency 1 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 several plants left (± 80% plant stand) - 20% dead plants 3 Daphné Verdelet Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Institut Technique de la Betterave GRAVRLS High : branched beet 1 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 6 Narrow triangular Institut Technique de la Betterave Field Emergence Quality FIEMERQUAL Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet SumTemp50pctGerm Temperature Sum To Reach 50% Germination GEVES/INRA No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 7 Lab - Chlorophyll Quantity In Leaf = CHLO1 LACHLOROLE Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet entire red 9 The 3, 4 remaing leaves with 50% decayed; other dead (Infection 80%) 8 1 Very weak stay green PETWIDMAX Petiole Width - Maximum Daphné Verdelet GRIN 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 Remaining leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Infection 80%) 8 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Surface Area SeedCoatSurfArea 2 weak vigor Institut Technique de la Betterave BEDIAM Maximum Beet Diameter Daphné Verdelet White 1 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 5 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) Spots on one or two leaves (around 25-50 spots)(Infection 2%) 2 Pink 9 Ground Cover Rate Institut Technique de la Betterave GC Daphné Verdelet Number of Plant / Parcel Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet POP Daphné Verdelet Topping Quality Institut Technique de la Betterave TOPQUAL highly tolerant 5 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) SeedCoatSpDiameter Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat SpDiameter mm GEVES White Sugar Yield W&K Daphné Verdelet WSY Florimond Desprez rosette stadium 1 Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) 4 0 healthy 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) Type Of Beet Daphné Verdelet GRIN TYPE Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez CLSAUDPC Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) Audpc Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) - 65% dead plants 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 weak deficiency 4 No infection (100% plant stand) 1 Fertile 1 2 Monogerm and multigerm mixed <0.1 not branched beet 0 weak Gen Ap 2 2 Root vegetable 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 one colony, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each 1 All plants severly damaged, no plants green (Infection 100%) 9 One embryo 2 A single plant shows yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a single yellow plant (Infection 2%) 2 3 4 - 6 cm 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 Empty 1 multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering 50 to 95% of root surface 4 2 or more colonies, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface 2 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 1 Synchronous Bract Distribution Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta BractDistrib 5 Medium 5 13 - 15 cm highly susceptible 1 1 No wilting (Wilting 0%) Narrow oblong 5 dark 7 Highly multigerm (>5) 4 Slight infection - Plot still looks green as dominant colour (>10% plants with clear yellow symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Sphericity index PeriSphericity_STD GEVES/INRA 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 9 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms 5 fully bolting < 10% flowering, 10-50% flower Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESSLUG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Slug All older and younger leaves wilting or dead (Infection 100%) 9 higly susceptible 9 white 1 Dry Matter Yield NIR Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez DMNHA Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 4 EmbEqDiameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Embryo Equivalent Diameter No infection 1 7 red purple 1 very resistant Daphné Verdelet CRR Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet NICHLOROPPL Institut Technique de la Betterave Nirs - Chlorophyll Quantity In Plot 9 Thick 2 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) Increasing number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>40% plants with symptoms)(Infection 40%) 6 9 No plant left (± 0% plant stand) - 100% dead plants 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 9 higly susceptible 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Smoothness Score Mean SMO M Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 1 No infection StemNb Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Stem Number 4 tolerant Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Number Of White Beets WHITE Florimond Desprez DMNIR Dry Matter Content NIR Daphné Verdelet Slight infection (± 10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) overtopped with under half of max diameter bundle rings visible 5 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) Tx% Time To Reach X% Of Germination GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet 2 weak stay green Non-swollen 7 1 present 6 - 8 cm 4 Intermediate number of yellowing plants - Plot looks slightly yellow (>20% plants with symptoms)(Infection 20%) 5 3 Multigerm 1 very resistant 3 Circular 4 nymphs present, mant adults present 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 4 orange angled topped 6 heterogeneous 2 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 weak 3 Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Gross Weight/T Per Ha GR/HA 5 Most of the plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 20%) some present on the lower part 1 9 irregular undertopped with petioles shorter than or equal to 2 cm 2 5 Slight stunting, severe leaf curling; less than half of the upper leaf surface visible due to curling; most of the larger leaves still erect - Majority of plants with Score = 5 First coalescing spots on one or twi leaves (Infection 20%) 5 Monogerm 1 5 First large brown necrotic spots, spots on one or two leaves (Infection 20%) Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina - Foliar Ratings CRRF Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 very resistant 1 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms Daphné Verdelet PM Powdery Mildew (PM) – Erysiphe betae GRIN/Florimond Desprez No damages 1 intermediate 5 2 - 4 cm 2 No deficiency 5 Strong 7 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 1 Very heterogeneous 3 Yellow 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched strong vigor 4 5 intermediate 5 Yellow Institut Technique de la Betterave NINIPL Nirs - Nitrogen Quantity In Plot Daphné Verdelet All plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 40%) 6 Only a few green leaves - Plot looks dominantly yellow (>80% plants with symptoms)(Infection 80%) 8 2 susceptible present 9 ARF Daphné Verdelet Aphanomyces cochlioides - Foliar Ratings Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets MITOPBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet EGermRt GEVES Daphné Verdelet Early germination rate Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 3 Use unknown 7 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Game Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOGAME Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOLEMO Summer Number Of Leaf Tunnels Due To Moth Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESCENTI Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Centipede Institut Technique de la Betterave 9 very much Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 9 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) Percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet TWIN 3 Leaf and root veg. 9 All plants have yellow leaves, none have green leaves _ Plot colour dominantly yellow (Infection 100%) Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 Large number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>60% plants with symptoms)(Infection 60%) 7 hairy 5 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 resistant 3 Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Surface Area GEVES PerispSurfArea_STD leaf from regrowth 11 leaf from regrowth 11 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) SugarBeet Root Maggot - Tetanops myopaeformis SBRM Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Slug Symptoms SPNBPLSYSLUG Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets After Washing WGHAWA Institut Technique de la Betterave susceptible 7 2 starting to bolt 8 All plants are covered with thick white mycellum (Infection 80%) No infection (100% plant stand) 1 homogeneous 4 acronym 3 low Immune 0 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 5 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed (Old leaves starting wilting)(Infection 60%) Fodder 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 1 very resistant Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 3 Plants only have green leaves - Plot looks 100% green (Infection 0%) 1 A few yellow spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) 3 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 0 no aphid colonies nor wax present 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched 4 Distinct yellow spots on most leaves but not many brown necrotic spots (Infection 10%) green 3 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 0 Immune Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 9 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Proportion Of Root WGTPORO Daphné Verdelet Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 < 10% flower 4 Medium 5 1 absent 9 Plant dead - Majority of plants with Score = 9 5 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) high 7 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) - 95% dead plants 2 A few spots in the plot (Infection 2%) 2 Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 2 Almost no infection (few plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) 1 0 - 2 cm 2 Single plants with slight yellowing (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) no leaf yellowing 0 nymphs present, no adults present 2 susceptible 7 4 Yellow orange Light pink 8 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 absent 0 3 circular 3 intermediate Many plants with yellowing, only few plants green (>80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) 8 almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) - 10% dead plants 2 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves (>20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 6 Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) 0 Immune 2 susceptible very homogeneous 5 bracts to the top 9 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 4 4 Red Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 No infection 1 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 Most plants moderately yellowing (<10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 red 6 7 Very hairy strong damages 4 semi-erect 3 highly susceptible 1 healthy 0 7 susceptible 1 Narrow elliptic 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched red 7 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 1 very resistant fibrous 8 resistant 3 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 6 Candy Striped, alternating red and green streaks on bolted flower stalks and larger lateral branches. No infection 1 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 First leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) 7 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 intermediate damages 3 green / light green 2 Vein clearing of heart leaves, slight pimpling of veins on the underside of leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 2 2 7 Strong 1 No infection (Infection 0%) 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 9 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 4 strong Gen Ap 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) No wilting (Wilting 0%) 1 3 undertopped with no petioles No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root neck Measurement of weight of Root Neck Measurement of seed coat length The length of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Damage by sugar beet rust Damage by sugar beet rust Fungal disease - Sugar beet rust Leaf SPNBPLDESCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by centipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves External surface area of the perisperm measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the perisperm Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal Weight of beets after soil removal for the entire plot Susceptibility Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Beet Yellows Virus Viral disease - Beet yellows virus Pests - Root maggot Susceptibility Susceptibility to root maggot Root maggot Betaine content Betaine content in root Betaine content by FT-NIR Root Fungal disease - Cercospora Cercospora nests Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Presence Estimation of dry matter yield Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content predicted by FT-NIR Counting of bolters First, second, third and fourth count of bolting plants for a whole plot Observe the vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Estimation of early vigor Evaluation of the average plant stay green Greeness Plant Productivity - Plant stay green Evaluation of total foliar surface Calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery (in m²/m²) Date Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Computation of Radicle Temperature Delta Crane-fly symptoms Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms Number of plant Pests - Crane-fly Nitrogen content Quantity of nitrogen in leaves (in g/m²) Canopy Leaf nitrogen quantity Root Width Maximal diameter Beet width mm Productivity - Topping quality Quality Topping Evaluation of topping quality visually Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Washing Mangol flies Pests - Mangold fly Number of mangol flies on plants Number Cotyledon temperature Temperature Cotyledon Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature mm² Leaf blade length on a group of single plants Length Leaf blade length Leaf blade Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug Number of plant Leaves stinged Pests - Beet leaf bug Male Sterility scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYSLUG method Abnormal seed Abnormal Seed Percentage of abnormal seeds in a sample Dead plant Number Count the number of dead plants for a whole plot Dead plant number Humidity of soil in % Measurement of Soil Humidity count unit Water potential threshold value under which germination does not occur Computation of Germination Base Water Potential kg Number of plant with vole symptoms Pests - Vole Vole symptoms Number of plant °C Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Weight of beets before soil removal for the entire plot Root Color scale Susceptibility Susceptibility to root rot due to Erwinia Betavasculorum Bacterial disease - Erwinia Betavasculorum Erwinia Betavasculorum Computation to estimate seed size Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. None Observation of seed maturity The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the perisperm Computation of perisperm equivalent diameter SPSRCRR method Absent/Present beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot - evaluated at the end of summer Measurement of top Height Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average 'green above ground part' Computation of germination Base Temperature Temperature threshold value under which germination does not occur Rhizomania Susceptibility to Rhizomania Susceptibility Viral disease - Rhizomania Seed coat rugosity index Seed coat Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the seed coat Rugosity index Number of plants with sugar beet rust pustules - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Measurement of petiole length among Length Minimum Mean minimum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Root aphids susceptibility scale 1 Root Beet western Beets touched by beet western Viral disease - Beet western Volume Standard deviation of the volume of the empty space in the seed Empty space Empty space volume Presence of Cercospora nests Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Observation of Leaf Glossiness Determination of the average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants cm Glucose content in root Glucose content Glucose content of beet mush Root Computation of Potassium and Sodium content Sum of Potassium and Sodium content in the root Number Leaf Leaf number Number of leaves Susceptibility Susceptibility to Erysiphe Erysiphe Fungal disease - Erysiphe betae Measurement of seed coat width The width of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Measurement of on early germination Rate Observation of blistering Visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants (whole microplot) of the leaf blade Computation of Seedling Growth Base Temperature Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Emergence quality Computation of field emergence quality Plant Field emergence quality Stemphylium beticola susceptibility scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by white grub on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESWHGR method Flesh Evaluation of flesh coarness Coarness Flesh coarness undefined None Measurement of seed spacing Mean spacing between seeds measured on a line of 10 seeds Computation of white sugar yield White sugar yield calculated in t/ha. Determination of juice purity Estimation of juice purity from the 'Wieniger & Kubadinov' formula based on impurity (K, Na and Alpha-N) and sucrose contents Number of plant Pests - Leaf hoppers Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers Leaf hoppers % Estimation of green pixels An Area Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Non Pink beet Non Pink beet number Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Double plant Number Count the number of double plants at field emergence Double plant number Damange Root Root damage Evaluation of root damages visually Counting the number of trigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of trigerm seeds Determination of the percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds Inflorescence cluster Inflorescence cluster fasciation Cluster fasciation Fasciation Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Counting of Stem Number Beet roundness Roundness Root Beet roundness Number Pests - Spider mites Spider mites Number of spider mites on plants Quantity of nitrogen in canopy - predicted using a NIRS Quantity of nitrogen in canopy Productivity - Rotten gravity Proportion Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Rotten root Number of beets with topping class [1], [2], [5] or [6] relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Computation of Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Computation of Hypocotyl Temperature Delta Computation of Ground Cover Rate Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves around 15th of May, 25th of May and 06th of June - using a photography vertically taken Standard deviation of the external surface area of the perisperm Perisperm Perisperm area Area Fusarium Susceptibility scale SUMNBPLTOLEMO method Summer Number of leaf tunnels due to moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Standard deviation of the perisperm length Length Perisperm Perisperm lenght SUMNBCOSPMI method Summer Number of spider mites on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Plot Productivity - Weight Of Beets Weight Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Observe the growth of plants per plot and rate the heterogeneity due to soil structure or soil depth Estimation of soil effect Observation of Main color of flesh Observation of Main color of flesh AUDPC : Under curve area of PM gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of PM Sum of Free Fructose and Glucose (g/100g Fresh matter) Computation of Free Fructose and Glucose Computation of quality index with Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization / quantity of extractable sugar - Formula including Invert sugar (glucose) Percentage of normal seeds in a sample Normal seed Seed Normal Start time Bolting start time Bolting Beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Damping-off complex scale Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight - calculated on 5 samples of 100 beets Computation of Soil Tare Evaluation Standard deviation of the shape factor of the embryo Embryo Embryo Shape Shape Flowering Time scale Leaf wilting under drought stress Leaf Drought stress susceptibility Drought stress Sodium content Root sodium content Root Sodium content in root Fungal disease - Sclerotium rolfsii Susceptibility to root rot due to Sclerotium rolfsii Sclerotium rolfsii Susceptibility AUPC of LAI Under progress curve area of LAI evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing virus Susceptibility Susceptibility to beet mild yellowing Virus Root Root dry matter yield estimated by FT-NIR Productivity - Root dry matter yield Dry matter yield Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot due to Stemphylium beticola Estimation of Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Seed Bearer Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the embryo Embryo sphericity index Sphericity index Embryo Charcoal Root Rot susceptibility scale Bolting plant Number Number of bolting plants for thousand plants after sowing Bolting plant number Plant Ploidy Determination of ploidy level Plant ploidy level Observation of Root Aphid susceptibility Susceptibility to root aphid scoring at harvest presence of aphid colonies on the outside of the beet root in combination with presence of wax using the Hutchinson and Campbell disease scoring scale unitless Susceptibility to Phoma betae Phoma betae Susceptibility Fungal disease - Phoma betae White grub symptoms Number of plant with white grub symptoms Pests - White grub Number of plant Observation of Polymyxa betae susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae Crown importance Importance Measurement of the importance of the crown Crown Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Observation of Leaf Regrowth The maximum thickness of all the measured points on the seed coat in millimeters (mm) Measurement of the maximum thicknes of the seed coat Importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Bract distribution Distribution Flower bract Leaf blade color Leaf blade Average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Color Volume of the seed coat measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of the seed coat volume Count of wireworms in a parcel Counting of wireworms Measurement of radicle length Measurement of radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C in Eloncam Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Observation of Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility Fungal disease - Polymyxa betae Susceptibility to root rot due to Polymyxa betae Polymyxa betae Susceptibility Free Glucose content of root measured on frozen brei sample (g/100g Fresh matter) by HPLC Measurement of free Glucose content by HPLC Root height Measurement of the average 'green above ground part' Root Height Seed Germination rate Germinating power Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Number of blate pits due to mangod fly with indication of maggot presence or not per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of blate pits Root Shape scale Quantity of chlorophyll in canopy Chlorophyll quantity in leaf (in microgram/cm² of leaf) calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery Grain germination Germination Mutigermicity Seed Measurement of Invert sugar content Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Topped beet number Number Number of beets with topping class Topped root Plant life forme (ie life cycle) state : annual, biannual, perenial… Plant life cycle state Life form Plant None Counting of leafs Root Potassium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of potassium content of beet mush Hypocotyl Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature Hypocotyl temperature Temperature Computation of sugar yield Sugar yield calculated in t/ha Seed coat maximum thickness Seed coat Thickness Standard deviation of the maximum thickness of the seed coat Diameter Perisperm equivalent diameter Perisperm Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the persiperm Susceptibility Bacterial disease - Pseudomonas aptata Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Pseudomonas aptata Susceptibility Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola Fungal disease - Cercospora Beticola Cercospora beticola Measurement of perisperm shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Volume Total volume of the seed measured Seed Seed volume Root tip Measurement of the average width of broken apical part Tip width Width Counting of millipede guttulatus Count of millipede in a parcel Weight of beets after sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Measurement of weight Of Beets After Sorting SPNBPLSYCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Number of plant Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms Pests - Stem nematode Stem nematode symptoms Topping Quality Evaluation of topping quality visually, 1 and 2 are undertopped, 3 and 4 are well topped and 5 and 6 are overtopped Observation of lifeform Life form of the accession Beet Chlorosis Virus susceptibility scale Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by thrips - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOTHR method Pests - Millipede Number of plant Number of plant with AB217 symptoms Millipede symptoms Measurement of alpha-amino nitrogen content of beet mush Root alpha-amino nitrogen content measured by Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Percentage Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Bolting percentage Bolting plant Measurement of petiole width among Width Maximum Mean maximum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). External surface area of the seed coat measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the seed coat Measurement of Top Thickness Height of top of the beet Computation of leaf Area Index Leaf area index evaluated by NIRS Root color below ground of a group of single plants Root Color Root color Heat stress tolerance HeatTol Plant Growth of plants under heat condition and rate the tolerance Heat stress tolerance None Estimation of flesh coarness Pests - Black aphid Black aphids Counting of black aphids Number Height of top of the beet Top beet thickness Top root Thickness Root Alpha-amino nitrogen content Alpha-amino nitrogen content in root Root alpha-amino nitrogen content Fusarium Vascular disease - Fusarium Susceptibility Susceptibility to Fusarium Leaf Leaf betacyanin pattern Betacyanin content Evaluation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Number of crane-flies on 0.25 sqm using traps with bait - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Counting of Crane-fly Before Sowing Measurement of sodium content of beet mush Root Sodium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Standard deviation of the external surface area of the embryo Embryo Embryo area Area Root Diameter Class of the maximum diameter of single beet Beet diameter Scale for Maximum Beet Diameter Class External surface area of the hole seed measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of seed Surface Area Number of blinkers at level plot due to sensitive plant to rhizomania Counting of blinkers Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non White beet Non White beet number Number Computation of white sugar content in the root Percentage of white sugar in the root at plot scale Measurement of nitrogen in leaves Quantity of nitrogen in leaves - measured in laboratory Counting the number of genetic twins seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of twins Determination of the percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Measurement of Tip Width Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average width of broken apical part Productivity - Plant productivity Plot Plot population Population Root White sugar content in the root White sugar content White sugar content in root Root ring Ring color Color Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Stem Color scale A measure of how closely the shape of the perisperm resembles that of a perfect sphere Computation of the sphericity index of the perisperm Measurement of length Leaf Stalk Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk length Diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the embryo Embryo equivalent diameter Embryo General scoring scale SPNBPLDESSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by slug on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Seed Bigerm seed Bigerm Percentage of bigerm seeds in a seed sample Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Stem Stem diameter Diameter AUDPC : Under curve area of RUST gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of RUST Erysiphe betae susceptibility scale Plot Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Population Stand homogeneity Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Measurement of cotyledon final length Pests - Ditylenchus dipsaci Susceptibility Ditylenchus dipsaci Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci Countind of frozen beets Observe the plants per plot under frost condition and count the number of frozen beets Integral of the logistic curve using the population countings at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd Computation of field emergence quality Fungal disease - Stemphylium beticola Susceptibility Susceptibility to yellow leaf spot due to Stemphylium beticola Stemphylium beticola Susceptibility Soil fungal disease Seedling disease Susceptibility to seedling disease SPNBPLTOSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSTNEM and SPNBPLSYSTNEM Measurement of hypocotyl lengthening speed Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Summer Number of moth on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOMO method Computation of rotten net gravity Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Broken beets Root Broken Percentage of beets not much broken AUDPC : Under curve area of RLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of RLS Root net yield calculated in t/ha Computation of root net yield Cumulative thermal time to reach 50% of germination Sum of daily mean temperature minus the base threshold value (germination base temperature Tbgerm) which is necessary from sowing to reach fifty percent germination. Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOBLB method Susceptibility to Black Root (Aphanomyces cochliodes). Estimation of Black Aphanomyces Cochlioides Number of plant Intern crown eroded Pests - Moth Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth Hour of germination at 10°C in Eloncam Measurement of germination hour in Eloncam SPNBPLTOFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESFLBE and SPNBPLSYFLBE Seedling Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Seedling growth Growth Computation of the roundness average by the ratio Length / Width 1/2 after max (measured in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - Higher the ratio is, less round the beet is. Computation of Beet Roundness Mean Seed coat Width Seed coat width Standard deviation of the seed coat width Weight Root net weight Productivity - Root net weight Root Weight of beets before sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Male flower Sterility Male fertility Degree of male sterility Standard deviation of the embryo length Embryo length Length Embryo The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the embryo Computation of embryo equivalent diameter Fungal disease - Rust Gravity Rust Rust gravity evolution Computation of seed coat equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the seed coat Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by millipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESMILL method Radicle length Radicle length 7 days after the seed germination Length Radicle Non Red beet Number Non Red beet number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Estimation of Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Root Potassium content in root Potassium content Root potassium content Sugar content Quality index with invert sugar Sugar content in root Root mm3 Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Measurement of radicle lengthening speed Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia solani Susceptibility Rhizoctonia solani Susceptibility to root rot due to Rhizoctonia solani Viral disease - Blinkers Number Counting of blinkers Blinkers Observation of Bolting Start Determination of the beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Observation of rings color Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) The ratio of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed Seed filling ratio Filling rate Seed Description of the importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Observation of Bract Distribution Noctuid moth caterpillars Number Pests - Noctuid moth caterpillars Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants Seed External surface area of the hole seed measured Seed area Area Leaf position Position Average of leaf position on a group of single plants Leaf SUMNBPLTONOMO method Summer Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Measurement of seed coat shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Estimation of Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Foliar surface touched by ramularia leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Foliar surface touched by powdery mildew evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Powdery Mildew Gravity Cold stress damage Cold stress damage Count the number of frozen beets Plant Leaf Betacyanin Pattern scale Measurement of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when harvesting single plants Observation of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when In Soil Weight of a single beet without leaves Root Weight Productivity - Beet weight SPNBPLTOMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESMILL and SPNBPLSYMILL Downy Mildew Susceptibility scale Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Dry matter predicted by a NIRS Measurement of the perisperm volume Volume of the perisperm measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by pygmy beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESPYBE method Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Estimation of Yellows Virus Computation of seed's filling ratio Estimating the percentage of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed in % Counting the number of monogerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of monogerm seeds Percentage of monogerm seeds Beet Cyst Nematode Susceptibility scale Seed quality Percentage of trigerm seeds in a seed sample Trigerm Seed SPNBPLTOGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESGAME and SPNBPLSYGAME Computation of the sphericity index of the embryo A measure of how closely the shape of the embryo resembles that of a perfect sphere Seed coat thickness Seed coat Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh Thickness Juice purity of a brei sample representative from the whole plot Juice Purity Juice purity Foliar surface touched by cercospora leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity Observation General appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Fungal disease - General scoring Plot Color of the inflorescence stem Observation of Stem Color Evaluation of the average plant stay green Evaluation of the average plant stay green SPNBPLTOVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESVOLE and SPNBPLSYVOLE Susceptibility to Phoma betae Estimation of Susceptibility to Phoma betae Flowering start time Flowering start time Date of the seed bearer flowering start Plant Mean Flesh Coarness scale Germination rate Seed Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Germination final rate Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule is empty and therefore does not contain an organ. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the empty seed Branched Beet scale Beet length between top and tail Measurement of Technical Length Mesasurement of seed mass Individual seed mass SPNBPLSYMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Leaf Leaf area index (LAI) Leaf area index (LAI) evaluated by NIRS LAI Area index Embryo shape characterisation index Computation of feret shape value of the embryo Root aphids Pests - Root aphids Susceptibility Susceptibility to root aphids SPTBW method Absent/Present beets touched by beet western - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september Number of plant Pests - Pygmy beetle Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms Pygmy beetle symptoms t/ha Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYWHGR method Estimation of Inflorescence cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster fasciation Root shape Root shape in longitudinal section Root Shape Leaf Undulation scale Computation of the thicknesses of the seed coat mesh Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh, measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Observation of the leaf blade Blistering Leaf blade Observation Leaf AUPC Chlorophyll Chlorophyll content evolution Chlorophyll content Computation of Mean Germination Time Calculated as: Σ (n T)/ Σ n, where n = number of seeds newly germinated at time T; T = hours from the beginning of the germination test, Σ n = final germination. Ramularia beticola Fungal disease - Ramularia beticola Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Susceptibility Presence of embryo Automatic detection of the presence of embryo Presence Embryo Root Shape of the beet Shape Beet shape Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Germination rate Seed Early germination rate Root Root weight Weight Single beet weight constituted by top Root color below ground of a group of single plants Observation of below ground of a group Root Color Loss of leaves (LAI) Leaf Loss Loss of leaves due to water stress : reference measure based on an image to evaluate total foliar surface Susceptibility Curly top Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Viral disease - Curly top virus Flowering time Plant Stages of seed bearer flowering Flowering time Fungal disease - Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Susceptibility to downy mildew due to Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Susceptibility Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Red Beets Observation of Root Aphids susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Aphids Scale for Stand Homogeneity Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit Invert sugar content in root Sugar content Root Fungal disease - Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility to black root due to Aphanomyces cochlioides Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility Measurement of matter Matter Content Total dry matter content of leaves Percentage of Sugar Content Sucrose content measured by polarimetry on Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Minimum petiole width among plants Petiole Width Petiole width Rotten root Productivity - Rotten beet weight Rotten beet weight Weight Determination of the percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Counting the number of plantlets with green hypocotyl after germinating test of a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of green hypocotyl Evaluation of LAI loss : 0 if no loss to -1 if 100% loss Evaluation of LAI Length Embryo Sphere Diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the embryo Embryo index Estimation of Fusarium Susceptibility Susceptibility to Fusarium - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Class of the maximum diameter of single beet in cm Classification of root by maximum diameter Estimation of Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola - 1st and 2nd notation Maximal length of the embryo extracted from the virtual embryo skeleton and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Computation of Embryo Length Susceptibility Heterodera schachtii Susceptibility to beet cyst nematode due to Heterodera schachtii Pests - Heterodera Schachtii Rhizomania Yellowing susceptibility scale Absent/Present beets having rhizopus symptoms - evaluated at the end of summer SPSRH method Observation of Verticillium wilt susceptibility Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Observation of Color of petiole Observation of Color of petiole Violet Root Rot susceptibility scale Observation of Hypocotyl pigmentation Hypocotyl pigmentation Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root groove - The closer the number is to 9, the smoother the root is Measurement of Smoothness Score Mean Width Root Measurement of the average root width Root width Root shape in longitudinal section Observation of Root Shape Free fructose and glucose onfresh matter Fructose and glucose content in root Root Fructose and glucose content Measurement of seed spacing Distance Seed spacing Seed Estimation of content predicted by FT-NIR Invert sugar content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by aphanomyces black leg on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESBLLEG method Hypocotyl Color scale mm/h Early vigor scale Observe the Manganese Deficiency Estimation of manganese deficiency Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature Temperature Radicle Radicle temperature Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors White Beets Observation of flowering pattern between plants Flowering pattern between plants Number of plants after sowing Plant population after sowing Number Plant Root Fungal disease - Rhizopus Rhizopus symptoms Beets having rhizopus symptoms Leaf Leaf hairiness Hairiness Presence of hairiness of leaf surface Cotyledon length Length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth Cotyledon Rotten root Number Rotten beet number Number of rotten beets Root Beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia Rhizoctonia symptoms Under progress curve area of FCOVER evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of FCOVER Productivity - Beet sugar yield Sugar yield Beet sugar yield Root Productivity - Soil proportion in raw beet weight Soil Proportion Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight m²/m² SPSHS method Absent/Present beets having symptoms due to Heterodera Schachtii - confirmed by cysts on radicles - evaluated regularly on plants between start of july and end of september Leaf stalk width on a group of single plants Leaf stalk Leaf stalk width Width Measurement of embryo width The width of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Number of beets by color not in root color trait Number Non Yellow beet Non Yellow beet number SPNBPLTOBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESBLLEG and SPNBPLSYBLLEG Soil Heterogeneity of growth due to soil structure or soil depth Soil effect Effect Measurement of glucose content of beet mush glucose of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Pseudomonas aptata scale Rhizoctonia Solani susceptibility scale °Cdays Observation of Erwinia rot susceptibility Susceptibility to Erwinia Rot Counting of hors Yellow Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Number of green apterous aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of green apterous aphids Number of striped flea beetle on plants Pests - Striped flea beetle Striped flea beetle Number Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Number of rotten beets on samples of 160 beets break down to percentage Estimation of Rust Susceptibility Susceptibility to Rust (Uromyces betae) at plot level - 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th notation Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by striped flea beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESFLBE method Seed coat Sphere Diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the seed coat Length Seed coat None Measurement of Content of betacyanin in the beet Measurement of embryo shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Summer Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCONOMO method Petiole Color scale Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility scale Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade length Measurement of lenght Leaf Blade Number of thrips on plants Number Pests - Thrips Thrips Spring / Emergence Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYCF method Scale for Presence Of Embryo Measurement of the presence of embryo Automatic detection of the presence of embryo. Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 2D X-Ray. Grain germination time Seed Germination time Germination time Helicobasidium purpureum Fungal disease - Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility to violet root due to Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Number of plants with ramularia leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Size Seed Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape Seed size Phoma Betae Susceptibility scale Counting of hors Orange Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Ratio Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade Leaf blade ratio Length Root Beet length Beet length between top and tail Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility Fungal disease - Macrophomina Phaseolina Macrophomina Phaseolina SPNBPLSYNOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus susceptibility sclN Susceptibility to Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Estimation of Beet Yellowing Virus SUMNBPLTOMF method Summer Number of blate pits due to mangol fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Estimation of root aphids susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Aphids Measurement of Beet Top Diameter Diameter of single beet top Chlorophyll content Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves Canopy Leaf chlorophyll quantity SPNBPLDESSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by stem nematode on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Measurement of seed volume Total volume of the seed measured in cubic millimeter (mm3) Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Counting of Curly top Curly Top SPNBPLDESVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by vole on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Measurement of French Top Mean Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of the crown - The higher the number is, the more the crown tare is. Betacyanin content Seedling Betacyanin Content Betacyanin content in seed Seedling Counting of wireworms Pests - Wireworms Number Wireworms Measurement of seed coat sp diameter Seed coat sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Root Root gross weight Productivity - Root gross weight Weight Flatness Seed coat Standard deviation of the flat surface of the seed coat Seed coat flatness Beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus Root Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Measurement of Beet Diameter Maximum diameter of single beet Scale for Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Standard deviation of the seed coat length Length Seed coat lenght Seed coat Damping-off complex Susceptibility to seedling disease due to soil-borne fungi (Aphanomyces cochlioides, R. solani, Pythium spp., Phoma betae) Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule has only a single embryo and a perisperm without any malformation or defects. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the normal seed Damage by powdery mildew Leaf Fungal disease - Powdery Mildew Damage by powdery mildew Estimation of Ditylenchus dipsaci susceptibility Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci - plot-basis score based on the number of root presenting symptoms (stunting, swelling and rotting) SPNBPLSYSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Tetanops myopaeformis susceptibility scale Observation of leaf position Determination of the average of leaf position on a group of single plants Magnesium deficiency Estimation of magnesium deficiency Leaf Magnesium deficiency Sugar Beet Rust Gravity scale Observation of the Flowering Start Date of the seed bearer flowering start Measurement of the volume of the empty space in the seed The volume of the empty space in the seed measured in mm3 Estimation of manganese deficiency Manganese deficiency Leaf Manganese deficiency Standard deviation of the volume of the embryo Volume Embryo volume Embryo Ramularia beticola susceptibility scale Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth Area Cotyledon Cotyledon area Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms Aphanomyces black leg symptoms Pests - Aphanomyces black leg Number of plant Counting of Cercospora beticola Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th notation Leaf stalk length on a group of single plants Length Leaf stalk length Leaf stalk Soluble dry matter content measured on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample with a refractometer - In °Brix Measurement of dry Matter Content Counting of hors Yellow-Orange Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Beet size as the ratio of max on min beet width Size Beet size Root Number Stem Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Stem number Seed coat Seed coat Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the seed coat Shape Perisperm sphericity index Sphericity index Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the perisperm Perisperm Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root width Measurement of Mean Root Width Leaf height Height Plant height on a group of single plants Leaf Leaf Phytoproducts damage Phytoproduct damage Foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Seed coat Diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the seed coat Seed coat equivalent diameter Flesh color Color Main color of flesh Flesh Scale for Flowering Pattern within plants Weight of a single beet without leaves Measurement of beet weight Spring population Population Spring Plan population 400°Cd after sowing Measurement of the importance of branched beet Root Branched beet Branched Observation of the plant wilting Observe the plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress at plot scale Number of black aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of black aphids Weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Weight Leaf weight Leaf Susceptibility to Violet Root [Helicobasidium purpureum] Observation of violet root rot susceptibility mEq/100g of fresh matter AUDPC of CLS AUDPC : Under curve area of CLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Hypocotyl lengthening speed Growth rate Hypocotyl Observation of flowering time Stages of seed bearer flowering Visual inspection to observe if the glomerulus is abnormal either by an embryonic malformation or by a perisperm defect . The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the abnormal seed Root Potassium and sodium content in root Potassium and sodium content Potassium and sodium content in the root Counting of Dead Plants Number of dead plants for a whole plot Time to reach x% of the total number of seeds, x = 10 to 90 Time of reach x% of germination h Standard deviation of the volume of the seed coat Volume Seed coat Seed coat volume Volume of the embryo measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of the embryo volume Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth Pests - Noctuid moth Perforated leaves Number of plant Leaf Height scale Number of plant with game symptoms Game symptoms Number of plant Pests - Game ‰ Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Computation of Ratio Length / Width of leaf blade Absent/Present SPNBPLSYFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Drought Stress scale Root gross yield calculated in t/ha Computation of root gross yield Root Rot Erwinia scale Use General growth type and/or use type Plant Productivity - Plant target use Estimation of matter content predicted with FT-NIR Soluble dry matter content predicted with FT-NIR on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample Root Beet position in soil Position Part of the root which exceeds the soil Leaf regrowth Leaf Regrowth Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Wilting scale SPNBPLTOPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESPYBE and SPNBPLSYPYBE Seed Seed maturity None Maturity Observation of Leaf Undulation Determination of the average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Susceptibility to Root Maggot Observation of Root Maggot susceptibility Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESNOMO method Computation of Fresh Matter Yield of leaves Total fresh matter yield of leaves Average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade Leaf blade undulation Undulation Number of plants with powdery mildew spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew SPNBPLTOWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESWHGR and SPNBPLSYWHGR Computation of rotten gross gravity Weight of rotten beets parts relative to gross weight of beets SUMNBPLTOLEH method Summer Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end End Use scale Hairiness scale Estimation of Susceptibility to Erysiphe Susceptibility to Erysiphe - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Susceptibility to root aphids Root aphids Pests - Phemphigus betae Susceptibility Centipede symptoms Number of plant Pests - Centipede Number of plant with centipede symptoms Pests - Tetanops myopaeformis Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility to root maggot due to Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility Thickness Cuticle thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle Leaf cuticle Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Number of plants with cercospora leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (if no treatment - If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Germination time Seed Germination time Time of the germination of the seed Leaf Color scale Mean minimum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole width among Width Minimum Measurement of mutigermicity Visual inspection to observe wether one, two or more glomerules are sticked together into one glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Flowering end time Flowering end time Plant Date of the seed bearer flowering end None Observation of beet shape Non Orange beet Non Orange beet number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Number Counting of number of plant after sowing Number of plants / parcel counted at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd thermal time after sowing Embryo sp diameter measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of embryo sp diameter Under progress curve area of Chlorophyll content evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of Chlorophyll Scale for Flowering Pattern between plants Estimation of Rhizomania Rhizomania Susceptibility to Rhizomania - 1st, 2nd and 3rd notation Number of beets with break diameter less or equal to 2 cm relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Computation of Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Stem color Color of the inflorescence stem Color Stem Seed size measured using sieves Measurement of Size Grade Measurement of Stem Diameter Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSLUG and SPNBPLSYSLUG SPNBPLTOSLUG method Topping quality scale Width Embryo width Standard deviation of the embryo width Embryo SPNBPLSYVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Fructose content in root Free fructose content of root measured Root Fructose content Dry matter content of leaves Dry matter content Total dry matter content of leaves Leaf Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Measurement of cotyledon surface area Susceptibility to Rhizoctonia root rot Estimation of Rhizoctonia Solani Susceptibility SPNBPLTOCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCENTI and SPNBPLSYCENTI Classification of root by diameter Class of the diameter of the root at the point of break in cm for single beet Surface characterization of the Seed Coat Computation of the rugosity index of the seed coat White sugar yield calculated Yield Productivity - White sugar yield White sugar SPNBPLSYBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Observation of Hairiness of leaf surface Hairiness of leaf surface Counting of blate pits Pests - Pegomyia betae Number Blate pits Seed shattering Seed None Shattering Thickness of leaf cuticle (consult with IIRB) Observation of Cuticle Thickness Bolting plant Number Count of bolting plants for a whole plot Bolting plant count Estimation of Beet Cyst Heterodera Schachtii Susceptability to Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii) Cover AUPC of green vegetation cover Green vegetation Green vegetation cover (FCOVER) evolution SPTBYV method Absent/Present beets touched by beet yellow virus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september Observation of type Of Beet General growth type and/or use type. Measurement of Mean Root Length Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root length Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Pink Beets Scale for Type Of Root Damage Flowering pattern within plants Observation of flowering pattern within plants Evaluation of root damages visually. Wounded referes to significant mass loss. Bruised referes to scratched surface, visible crack with no mass loss. Wounded and bruised are both Observation of Type Of Root Damage Bract Distribution Scale Scale for Seedling Betacyanin Content Computation of dry matter yield Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content measured by refractometer LAI Leaf area index (LAI) evolution AUPC of leaf area index Area index Leaf Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the perisperm Length Perisperm Perisperm SpDiameter Measurement of perisperm sp diameter Perisperm sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Susceptibility Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Verticillium wilt Fungal disease - Verticillium SPNBPLDESCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by crane-fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by game on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESGAME method Summer Number of striped flea beetle on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOSFB method Leaf Glossiness scale Measurement of the average root length Root Length Root length Standard deviation of the perisperm width Perisperm Width Persiperm width Leaf blade Glossiness Average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade glossiness Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR Weight of beets after washing for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Washing Measurement of weight of Root Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root herself Estimation of Black Foliar Ratings Susceptibility to Black Foliar [Aphanomyces cochliodes]. Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity scale Observation of foliar damages by phytoproducts Scoring of foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Flesh Color scale Aphanomyces cochlioides susceptibility scale Measurement of area of the embryo External surface area of the embryo measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Free Fructose content of root measured on brei (g/100g Fresh matter) Measurement of free Fructose content weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Measurement of weight of leaves Root net weight / microplot in kg/ha Measurement of net weight Damage by Ramularia Damage by Ramularia Leaf Fungal disease - Ramularia Observation of the Flowering End Date of the seed bearer flowering end Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Total number of bolting plants g/m² leaf Counting the number of bigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of bigerm seeds Determination of the percentage of Bigerme In Seeds Summer Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOCRMO method Ditylenchus Dipsaci susceptibility scale Counting of Double Plant At Field Emergence Number of plants doubled at field emergence : if 2 plants are spaced less than 0.5 * normal distance between 2 seeds - counted at 200°Cd after sowing method_of Susceptibility to Sclerotium root rot Estimation of Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility Cover Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Green vegetation Green vegetation cover Root Rot Susceptibility scale Determination of the plant height on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Height AUDPC : Under curve area of SBR gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of SBR Ground coverage by plant leaves Ground coverage Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves Leaf Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Percentage of bolters Radicle Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Growth rate Radicle lengthening speed SPNBPLTOCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCF and SPNBPLSYCF Computation of seed coat flatness index Surface flatness measures how flat is the surface of seed coat Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade width Measurement of width Leaf blade Computation of quality index without Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization /quantity of extractable sugar - Formula without Invert sugar (glucose) Dry matter content in root Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Dry matter content Root Ratio Net yield Root net yield calculated Productivity - Root net yield Root Petiole Petiole length Minimum petiole length among plants Length Spring / Emergence Number of plant with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYGAME method Cercospora Beticola susceptibility scale Scale for Stay green The length of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Measurement of embryo length Observation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern None Sugar content (saccharin) of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Measurement of sugar content of beet mush Counting of Slugs Before Sowing Number of slugs on 0.25 sqm using traps - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Seed Shattering scale Leaf Position scale Mpa Viral disease - Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility Beet Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Germity scale Root gross yield Root Gross yield Productivity - Root gross yield Curly top virus susceptibility scale Green apterous aphids Number Pests - Green aphid Counting of green apterous aphids Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity scale Leaf Total fresh matter yield of leaves Fresh matter yield Productivity - Leaf fresh matter yield Individual seed mass Mass Seed Seed mass Beet Mild Yellowing Virus susceptibility scale g/100g of fresh matter mg Measurement of perisperm width The width of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Color of petiole Petiole Color Petiole color SPTBMYV method Absent/Present beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september Non Yellow-orange beet Non Yellow-orange beet number Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Susceptibility to root maggot using de Lee Campbell disease scoring scale Observation of root maggot using de Lee Campbell Tetanops myopaeformis Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESNOMO and SPNBPLSYNOMO SPNBPLTONOMO method Observation of seed shattering None Foliar surface touched by sugar beet rust evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Root aphids susceptibility scale 2 Scale for Beet Position In Soil Observation of general appearance of the plot Scoring the general appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Root Maggot susceptibility scale Leaf blade width on a group of single plants Leaf blade Leaf blade width Width Volume Standard deviation of the volume of the perisperm Perisperm Perisperm volume Beet Yellows Virus scale Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Number Bolting plant Total Bolting plant count Score of Susceptibility to Rust Slug symptoms Pests - Slugs Number of plant with slug symptoms Number of plant Summer Number of beet leaf bug on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOBLB method Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Measurement of Final Rate Measurement of chlorophyll in leaves Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves - measured in laboratory Measurement of Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Rotten parts of beets are cut and weighed together Phytoproducts damages scale Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Measurement of cotyledon temperature Fungal disease - Uromyces betae Uromyces betae Susceptibility to rust due to Uromyces betae Susceptibility Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of branched beet - The higher the number is, the more forked the root is. Measurement of Branched Beet Embryo Embryo feret shape Shape Standard deviation of the diameter of the embryo corresponds to the maximum extent in a given direction Seed coat area Standard deviation of the external surface area of the seed coat Area Seed coat High Temperatures Suceptibility scale Ring Color scale Counting the number of plants in a plot Counting Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Mesure of germinating power Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk width Measurement of width Leaf Stalk SUMNBCOTHR method Summer Number of thrips on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Measurement of petiole length among Length Maximum Mean maximum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of perisperm length The length of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Spring / Emergence Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYPYBE method Computation of Beet Size Mean Ratio Max Width / Width 1/2 after max (meausred in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - High = cylindric beet; Low = conical beet Smoothness Root Smoothness Measurement of the average root groove Estimation of Sugar content of beet Sugar content of beet predicted by a NIRS Life form scale Humidity Soil Measurement of soil humidity Soil Humidity Measurement of Beet Width Max Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the maximal diameter Perisperm Shape Perisperm Standard deviation of the shape factor of the perisperm Shape Observation of Rhizomania susceptibility Susceptibility to Rhizomania scored by the yellowing of the canopy; 0 is none and 9 is most yellowing. Hypocotyl color Color Hypocotyl Hypocotyl pigmentation Betaine content mesured by HPLC on frozen brei sample Mesurement of Betaine content by HPLC Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Estimation of Pseudomonas aptata susceptibility Type Of Beet scale Phemphigus betae susceptibility scale Summer Number of plants with blates touched by spider mites - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLLESPMI method Measurement of gross weight Root gross weight / microplot in kg/ha Empty Percentage of empty seeds in a sample Seed Empty seed Beet Shape scale Measurement of weight Of Top Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by top Observation of Leaf Color Determination of the average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Degree of male sterility Degree of male sterility Determination by flux cytometer of the level of ploidy Determination of ploidy Plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress Plant Plant wilting Wilting Observe the Magnesium Deficiency 1 + Alter, Magnesium Deficiency 2 + Alter Estimation of magnesium deficiency Counting of bolting plant Number of bolting plants for thousand plants at 1500°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2500°Cd and 3000°Cd after sowing Score leaf wilting per plot under drought stress Estimation of drought stress susceptibility SUMNBCOMF method Summer Number of mangol flies on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Powdery Mildew Gravity scale µg/cm² leaf variable_of Measurement of the bigerm seed Visual inspection to observe if two embryo present in a single glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Mineral Deficiency scale Measurement of Beet Width Half Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the diameter located at the half of the root under the max diameter Blistering scale Aphanomyces Root Rot susceptibility scale Cuticle Thickness scale Ploidy scale Leaf Regrowth scale Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. Estimation of heat tolerance Counting of millipede guttulatus Number Pests - Blaniulus guttulatus Millipede guttulatus Plant Vigor Vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Early vigor Esitimation of Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Summer Number of plants touched by striped flea beetle - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOSFB method Multigermicity scale scale_of