Daphné Verdelet Root Shape GRIN/Florimond Desprez ROOTSHAPE Standard Deviation Seed Coat Width 3d Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatWidth3d_STD GEVES/INRA 9 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) totally touched leaf 10 Daphné Verdelet Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew Institut Technique de la Betterave FELEPM tolerant 4 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Stem Nematode Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOSTNEM Institut Technique de la Betterave 5 medium Hypocotyl Lengthening Speed (Hyp = 25 Mm) HypSpd Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Institut Technique de la Betterave LABGLC Daphné Verdelet Lab - Glucose Content Of Beet Mush 2 weak damages Florimond Desprez CRRF Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina - Foliar Ratings Daphné Verdelet VRR Violet Root Rot (VRR) – Helicobasidium Purpureum Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESPYBE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Pygmy Beetle Severe stunting, yellowing; leaves prostate and some leaves dead - Majority of plants with Score = 7 7 SeedCoatVol Seed Coat Volume Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Seed Coat Maximum Thickness Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA SeedCoatMaxThickness_STD Beet Weight Institut Technique de la Betterave BEWGT Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Maximum Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image REFLAImax Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 highly tolerant 5 Daphné Verdelet Soil Effect SOIL Florimond Desprez SeedCoatRugosity Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Rugosity index GEVES/INRA Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 7 Institut Technique de la Betterave RONETGRAV Rotten Net Gravity Daphné Verdelet 5 First coalescing spots on one or twi leaves (Infection 20%) Weight Proportion Of Top Daphné Verdelet WGTPOTO Institut Technique de la Betterave Phoma Betae PHOMA Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOLEH Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Leaf Hoppers 6 red VirtualSeedGrade Virtual Seed Size Grade Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) - 35% dead plants Root Aphids GRIN Daphné Verdelet ROOTAPHIDS Perisperm Shape VA3d PerispShapeVA3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES YORNM Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Number Of Yellow-Orange Beets Standard Deviation Empty Space Volume Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmptyVolume_STD weak 3 Other (specify) 8 Daphné Verdelet Flowering Start International Data Base for Beta FLoweringStart Daphné Verdelet STAND Florimond Desprez Stand Homogeneity Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) Seed Maturity International Data Base for Beta SeedMaturity Daphné Verdelet 2 Yellow spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) semi-prostrate 7 SPNBPLSYGAME Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Game Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Time To Reach X% Of Germination Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Tx% BeetShape Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Beet Shape Beet Width Half Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BWIDH medium 5 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) SBRM Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SugarBeet Root Maggot - Tetanops myopaeformis Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Rust – Uromyces Betae RUST Daphné Verdelet Aphanomyces cochlioides - Foliar Ratings Florimond Desprez ARF Frozen Beets Florimond Desprez FROST Daphné Verdelet hard 7 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms SPNBPLSYFLBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOBLLEG GEVES Standard Deviation Embryo SpDiameter mm EmbSpDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave LAIAUPC Area Under Progress Curve Of LAI Over Time Daphné Verdelet 1 High : branched beet SMO M Florimond Desprez Smoothness Score Mean Daphné Verdelet CLDIAMBRE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Weight Proportion Of Root Neck WGTPORN Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Seed Coat Width 3d SeedCoatWidth3d Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Field Emergence Quality FIEMERQUAL Severe infection: few plants surviving, others dead (± 80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) 8 Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez THE M Top Height Mean Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave NILAI Nirs Leaf Area Index Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Noctuid Moth SPNBPLDESNOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Stem Nematode Symptoms SPNBPLSYSTNEM Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet BEDAMA Type Of Root Damage Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Black Aphid Counting BACO % DM Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Content Daphné Verdelet 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Surface Area SeedCoatSurfArea_STD Daphné Verdelet Damage By Phytoproducts PHYTO Florimond Desprez Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With White Grub Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYWHGR Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez PM Audpc PMAUDPC Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPTBMYV Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Mild Yellowing Luteovirus 5 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) Dead Plants DEADP Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Leaf Undulation Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet L UND GRAVPM Daphné Verdelet Powdery Mildew Gravity Institut Technique de la Betterave Florimond Desprez G Glucose %GLUC Daphné Verdelet Gross Weight/T Per Ha Florimond Desprez GR/HA Daphné Verdelet LeafFreshMat Leaf Fresh Matter Yield International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) totally touched leaf 10 3 resistant 2 Spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) MFCO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Mangod Fly (Pegomyia betae) Blate Pits And Maggot Counting GRIN PolymyxaBetae Daphné Verdelet Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae. FEROBE Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 5 Very strong Gen Ap Daphné Verdelet FloweringEnd International Data Base for Beta Flowering End Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESMILL Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Millipede Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts WGHROBE Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave highly susceptible 1 Heterodera Schachtii Daphné Verdelet BCN Beet Cyst Nematode (Bcn) – Heterodera Schachtii Beet Cyst Nematode GRIN/Florimond Desprez Standard Deviation Perisperm Shape VA3d PerispShapeVA3d_STD GEVES Daphné Verdelet Petiole Width - Minimum Daphné Verdelet PETWIDMIN GRIN Daphné Verdelet Spring Population SPRPOP Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Noctuid Moth Caterpillars On Plants Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCONOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave hairy 5 Petiole Color PETIOLECOL Daphné Verdelet GRIN GRIN/Florimond Desprez RRR Daphné Verdelet Rhizoctonia Root Rot (RRR) – Rhizoctonia Solani ORANG Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Number Of Orange Beets Institut Technique de la Betterave Nirs - Dry Matter Of Beets NIBDM Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Shape VA3d GEVES Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatShapeVA3d_STD Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet TOT. Bolters Total Number Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 FELESBR Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust 2 2 or more colonies, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface Daphné Verdelet Lab - Chlorophyll Quantity In Leaf = CHLO1 Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez LACHLOROLE Beet Roundness Mean Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez RND M Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Centipede Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOCENTI Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez WIBLA Daphné Verdelet Width Leaf Blade 9 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Crane-Fly Symptoms SPNBPLSYCF Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 3 weak Daphné Verdelet LE/WI Leaf blade : Ratio Length / Width Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Number Of Yellow Beets Florimond Desprez YELNB All plants have yellow leaves, none have green leaves _ Plot colour dominantly yellow (Infection 100%) 9 2 wounded FleshCoarness Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Root Flesh Coarness PerispSurfArea_STD GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Surface Area A few yellow spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) 3 Daphné Verdelet PSEU Pseudomonas aptata Florimond Desprez GRIN Leaf Hairiness Daphné Verdelet LEAFHAIR 5 inflorescence half way up 6 Stunting, slight yellowing; most leaves becoming prostrate - Majority of plants with Score = 6 Institut Technique de la Betterave SBRAUDPC Sbr Audpc Daphné Verdelet LANILE Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Lab - Nitrogen Quantity In Leaf GRIN TYPE Type Of Beet Daphné Verdelet 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) 1 Determinate GREEN Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Stay Green Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmbLength3d_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Lenght 3d Institut Technique de la Betterave NICHLOROPPL Nirs - Chlorophyll Quantity In Plot Daphné Verdelet LeafBcyanin Daphné Verdelet Leaf Betacyanin Pattern International Data Base for Beta Persiperm Width 3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA PeriWidth3d 7 susceptible Florimond Desprez Beet Width Max Daphné Verdelet BWIDM FELECLS Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot GRIN/Florimond Desprez Curly Top Curly Top Virus CTOP Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Empty seed GEVES/INRA Empty seed General Scoring Florimond Desprez GEN. Daphné Verdelet 9 100 percent leaf yellowing Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Invert Sugar Kit Daphné Verdelet %IS K Cotyledon Surface Area (At 110°Cd) CotylSrf Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet %FRUC Florimond Desprez G Fructose 2 2 - 4 cm Daphné Verdelet FCOVER Institut Technique de la Betterave Green Vegetation Cover Over An Area Germinating Power Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave GEPOW 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) SUMNBCOMF Summer Number Of Mangold Flies On Plants Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Top Thickness TOTHI Indeterminate 2 4 Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) 9 All older and younger leaves wilting or dead (Infection 100%) SumTemp50pctGerm Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Temperature Sum To Reach 50% Germination GRIN Daphné Verdelet Flowering Pattern – Within plants FLWRPATW EmptyVolume Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Empty Space Volume Life form (ie life cycle) GRIN LIFEFORM Daphné Verdelet Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) 7 Maximum Beet Diameter Daphné Verdelet BEDIAM Institut Technique de la Betterave Nirs - Sugar Content Of Beets Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave NIBSC Institut Technique de la Betterave Millipede (Blaniulus guttulatus) Counting MILLCO Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESVOLE Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Vole 7 Large number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>60% plants with symptoms)(Infection 60%) Daphné Verdelet ROOTAPHID Root Aphids [1-4] GRIN Embryo Volume Daphné Verdelet EmbVol GEVES/INRA 1 No infection SPNBPLTOWHGR Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With White Grub Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Technical Length Institut Technique de la Betterave TECHLGT Embryo Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet EmbShapeVA3d GEVES 5 Intermediate number of yellowing plants - Plot looks slightly yellow (>20% plants with symptoms)(Infection 20%) Percentage Of Invert Sugar Venema %IS V Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOCF Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Crane-Fly Symptoms Soil Humidity SOIHUM Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave very hard 9 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds TRIGE Empty 1 Daphné Verdelet Cotyledon Final Length (At 110°Cd) GEVES/INRA CotylFnlLg 8 Light pink Standard Deviation Perisperm SpDiameter mm GEVES Daphné Verdelet PerispSpDiameter_STD BractDistrib Bract Distribution Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta International Data Base for Beta Leaf Dry Matter Content Daphné Verdelet LeafDryMat 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) Standard Deviation Seed Coat lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA SeedCoatLength3d_STD GR/PL Daphné Verdelet Gross Weight/Plot Florimond Desprez 7 susceptible Strong 7 Mean Root Length Florimond Desprez RLEN Daphné Verdelet Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 Germination Base Water Potential Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA PSI b Germ EARLY Florimond Desprez Early Vigor Daphné Verdelet Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 Red 4 Yellow 2 Florimond Desprez NEST Nest Of Cercospora Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet RadLg GEVES Radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C WGHBSO Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets Before Sorting resistant 3 % SUG G Fructose + Glucose Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Mean Seed Coat Thickness Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA SeedCoatThick FillingRatio Daphné Verdelet Seed Filling Ratio GEVES/INRA 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Rotten Gross Gravity ROGROGRAV SeedCoatSpDiameter GEVES Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet Radicle Temperature Delta GEVES/INRA DeltaTempRad GRIN Petiole Width - Maximum Daphné Verdelet PETWIDMAX HYPGR Percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Maximum Green Vegetation Cover FCOVERmax Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 2 almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) - 10% dead plants Standard Deviation Perisperm Volume GEVES Daphné Verdelet PerispVol_STD More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 Normal seed Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Normal seed Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 9 Thick Daphné Verdelet Mg Magnesium Deficiency Florimond Desprez Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed (Old leaves starting wilting)(Infection 60%) 7 SPSHS Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Due To Heterodera Schachtii Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 Sm/Pol SMPOL Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave very much 9 International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Seedling Betacyanin Content SeedlingBcyanin Strong 7 yellow / light green 2 Use unknown 7 Daphné Verdelet Dry Matter Yield DM/HA Florimond Desprez Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez LABK Lab - Potassium Content Of Beet Brei sample mM K Daphné Verdelet Leaf Height Florimond Desprez LHEIG Daphné Verdelet Distinct large brown necrotic sppots on most leaves + start coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBCOTHR Summer Number Of Thrips On Plants Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) - Cercospora Beticola Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez CLS Orange 3 GEVES/INRA SeedCoatFlatness Seed Coat Flatness Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet GRIN PLOI Ploidy Powdery Mildew (PM) – Erysiphe betae GRIN/Florimond Desprez PM Daphné Verdelet CLUSTERFAS GRIN Cluster Fasciation Daphné Verdelet 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched no aphid colonies nor wax present 0 SPNBPLDESBLLEG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Aphanomyces Black Leg Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 2 elliptic SeedCoatMaxThickness Seed Coat Maximum Thickness Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets MITOPBE Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave GEVES/INRA Seed Surface Area SeedSurfArea Daphné Verdelet 3 Twins Abnormal seed Abnormal seed Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Summer Number Of Spider Mites On Plants Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBCOSPMI Yellow orange 4 FlorweringTime International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Flowering Time Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Beet Leaf Bug SUMNBPLTOBLB Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave LABNA Daphné Verdelet Lab - Sodium Content Of Beet Mush Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez mM Na Hour of germination at 10°C GEVES HGerm Daphné Verdelet 4 Distincts spots on most leaves but not coalescing (Infection 10%) 2 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken NMBREBE Percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds TWIN Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Strong 7 intermdiate 5 KG/PL Net Weight/Plot Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Vole Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYVOLE 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched 3 spotted Daphné Verdelet Multigerm seed GEVES/INRA Multigermicity Spots on nearly all leaves (Infection 10%) 4 4 - 6 cm 3 INRA High Temperatures Suceptibility HeatTol_E Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave WIWOCO Wireworms counting Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 low 3 Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Proportion Of Root WGTPORO Daphné Verdelet Medium 5 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 Very strong deficiency 1 7 - 9 cm 2 SPNBPLSYPYBE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Blistering BLIST SUMNBPLTOLEMO Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Leaf Tunnels Due To Moth SPNBPLTOPYBE Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms strong stay green 5 Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHBSR Daphné Verdelet GRAVSBR Institut Technique de la Betterave Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Wilting Florimond Desprez WHIL Daphné Verdelet 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Rust AUDPC RUSTAUDPC 3 intermediate vigor 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Thrips SUMNBPLTOTHR Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Radicle Final Length (At 110°Cd) RadFnlLg SPNBPLDESSTNEM Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Stem Nematode Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 3 intermediate SPNBPLTOVOLE Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Vole Symptoms Daphné Verdelet GRIN MALESTER Daphné Verdelet Male Sterility Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Drought Stress DROU leaf from regrowth 11 healthy 0 3 resistant Number Of White Beets Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet WHITE Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 Yellow Leaf Spot (YLS) – Stemphylium beticola Daphné Verdelet YLS Florimond Desprez 3 tender Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet FELERLS TTFCOVER Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Thermal time after emergence to reach X% of Green Vegetation Cover Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) 5 2 Root vegetable very resistant 1 Florimond Desprez SBRA Daphné Verdelet SugarBeet Root Aphid - Phemphigus betae Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 MAGNE Manganese Deficiency Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Lab- Sugar Content Of Beets Mush Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet LABSC BOLC Bolters Counting Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Leaf Color L COL Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Slight stunting, severe leaf curling; less than half of the upper leaf surface visible due to curling; most of the larger leaves still erect - Majority of plants with Score = 5 5 Perisperm SpDiameter mm GEVES Daphné Verdelet PerispSpDiameter Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet GERM Germity Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Nb Of Bolters/Nb Of Beets BOLT/ International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Seed Shattering SeedShattering Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmbWidth3d Embryo Width 3d DeltaTempCot Cotyledon Temperature Delta Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Stem Diameter Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta StemDiam 2 Semi-fertile, more or less dehiscent anthers Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBCOBLB Summer Number Of Beet Leaf Bug On Plants Daphné Verdelet No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Noctuid Moth Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYNOMO Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) - Ramularia beticola RLS Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet <0.1 not branched beet 0 Daphné Verdelet Betaine NIR Florimond Desprez BETAN 5 First large brown necrotic spots, spots on one or two leaves (Infection 20%) Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESWHGR Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By White Grub Length Leaf Blade Florimond Desprez L BLA Daphné Verdelet Embryo Surface Area Daphné Verdelet EmbSurfArea GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EGermRt Early germination rate GEVES 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (around 75-100 spots)(Infection 5%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets Before Washing WGHBWA Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatSpDiameter_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat SpDiameter mm GEVES 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched REFLAI Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 4 6 All plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 40%) SPSRH Absent/Present Beets Having Rhizopus Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave very tender 1 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets After Sorting WGHASO intermediate Gen Ap 3 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet RWIDT Mean Root Width SPNBPLTONOMO Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Noctuid Moth Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Number NUMB. Florimond Desprez 3 bolting Daphné Verdelet BolStart International Data Base for Beta Bolting Start Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Branched Beet BRANC Hairs very parse 3 4 Most plants moderately yellowing (<10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) POP Number of Plant / Parcel Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Perisperm Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA PeriEqDiameter Germination Final Rate GermFnlRt Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA 1 untopped with petioles longer than 2 cm several plants left (± 80% plant stand) - 20% dead plants 3 strong deficiency 2 Rhizomania Florimond Desprez Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus (BNYVV) BNYVV Daphné Verdelet Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) 6 1 No infection Florimond Desprez S/HA Daphné Verdelet Sugar Yield Weight Of Beets After Washing Daphné Verdelet WGHAWA Institut Technique de la Betterave Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina Florimond Desprez CRR Daphné Verdelet A few spots in the plot (Infection 2%) 2 Black Root – Aphanomyces Cochlioides ARR GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Aphanomyces Root Rot (Arr) – Aphanomyces Cochlioides 7 non-swollen Daphné Verdelet TWI M Tip Width Mean Florimond Desprez 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 Daphné Verdelet BMYV Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Florimond Desprez Standard Deviation Embryo Equivalent Diameter EmbEqDiameter_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet > 90% past flowering 7 Summer Number Of Plant With Perforated Leaves Due To Noctuid Moth Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTONOMO multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering 50 to 95% of root surface 4 Daphné Verdelet Double Plant At Field Emergence Institut Technique de la Betterave DBFEMER 4 11 - 13 cm Weight Of Leaves Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHLE 3 resistant Daphné Verdelet GRAVRLS Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Institut Technique de la Betterave 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 4.5 - 7 cm 1 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 2 susceptible Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 4 correctly topped GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Shape VA3d EmbShapeVA3d_STD 5 First coealescing spots on one or two (old) leaves (Infection 20%) Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Tb Seedling Seedling Growth Base Temperature EmbWidth3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Width 3d GEVES/INRA 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms Daphné Verdelet Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) Audpc Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez RLSAUDPC Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 Daphné Verdelet Presence Of Embryo GEVES/INRA EmbPres Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatRugosity_STD GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Seed Coat Rugosity index 7 susceptible very resistant 1 Most of the plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 20%) 5 No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 Standard Deviation Seed Coat Volume SeedCoatVol_STD GEVES Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet BETAH Florimond Desprez Betaine HPLC PerispSurfArea Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Surface Area GEVES/INRA 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 5 very strong damages - the whole plot is burned Monogerm and multigerm mixed 2 3 Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 3 Completely male sterile, black or brown anthers 8 All plants are covered with thick white mycellum (Infection 80%) Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Perisperm Equivalent Diameter PeriEqDiameter_STD 1 Leaf vegetable 2 Vein clearing of heart leaves, slight pimpling of veins on the underside of leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 2 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 PeriLength3d_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm Lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA GRIN/Florimond Desprez Erwinia Rot – Erwinia Betavasculorum ERW Daphné Verdelet Erwinia Rot Root Rot Erwinia 1 No symptom (Infection 0%) 1 narrow ellipic GEVES/INRA Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter SeedCoatEqDiameter Daphné Verdelet Blinkers Florimond Desprez BLINK Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatFlatness_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Flatness Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Distinct yellow spots on most leaves but not many brown necrotic spots (Infection 10%) 4 GRIN Flowering Pattern – Between plants FLWRPATB Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA SeedCoatLength3d Seed Coat lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet 6 Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) SCLE Daphné Verdelet Sclerotium rolfsii Florimond Desprez 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 narrow oblong 5 intermediate Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Perisperm Sphericity index PeriSphericity_STD Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Blate Pits Due To Mangold Fly SUMNBPLTOMF 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Embryo Sphericity index EmbSphericity_STD Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet PINK Number Of Pink Beets SeedGrade Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Seed Size Grade SPTBW Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Western SPNBPLDESCF Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Crane-Fly Institut Technique de la Betterave 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet L STA Length Leaf Stalk 6 Candy Striped, alternating red and green streaks on bolted flower stalks and larger lateral branches. Rhizomania Yellowing RhizoYellow GRIN Daphné Verdelet GC Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Ground Cover Rate 1 some present on the lower part SPTBYV Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Yellow Virus Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Striped Flea Beetle SUMNBPLTOSFB 3 resistant 3 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) - 95% dead plants 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) Beet Position In Soil OCVV/International Data Base for Beta RPOSI Daphné Verdelet SeedMass Seed Mass Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Beet Chlorosis Virus BChV undertopped with no petioles 3 0 Immune 7 red purple Standard Deviation Embryo Surface Area GEVES EmbSurfArea_STD Daphné Verdelet Germination Base Temperature Tb Germ Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmbLength Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Embryo Length Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet K + Na KNa 1 absent Daphné Verdelet End Use GRIN ENDUSE 6 narrow obtriangular highly susceptible 1 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 EmbEqDiameter Embryo Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 Standard Deviation Embryo Feret Shape 3d EmbFeretShape3d_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Slight leaf curl of the edge of new leaves; pimpling on the veins of the underside of the leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 3 3 Daphné Verdelet BSN Beet Stem Nematode – Ditylenchus Dipsaci Florimond Desprez SeedCoatShapeVA3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES Seed Coat Shape VA3d Remaining leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Infection 80%) 8 overtopped with under half of max diameter bundle rings visible 5 SeedCoatEqDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) Florimond Desprez Beet Yellows Virus Daphné Verdelet BYV Verticillium Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet VERT Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESFLBE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Striped Flea Beetle Petiole Length - Minimum GRIN PETLENMIN Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Lenght 3d PeriLength3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA 4 Slight infection (± 10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) 1 no nymphs or adults present 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Embryo Feret Shape 3d EmbFeretShape3d 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 1 No infection All plants are covered with light white mycellum (Infection 60%) 7 CABAUPC Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Area Under Progress Curve Of Chlorophyll Over Time Maximum Beet Diameter Class Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave CLBEDIAM Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Moth On Plants Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOMO Summer Number Of Plant With Eroded Intern Crown - Moth Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOCRMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Root Color Daphné Verdelet R COL Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Bigerme In Seeds BIGER Florimond Desprez Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet FRT M French Top Mean A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 Beet Top Diameter Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave TODIAM Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Centipede Symptoms SPNBPLSYCENTI Daphné Verdelet 1 Fertile Florimond Desprez WISTA Daphné Verdelet Width Leaf Stalk 0 - 2 cm 1 3 intermediate deficiency Percentage Of Juice Purity W&K W & K Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 9 higly susceptible healthy 0 Only a few plants show yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a few yellow plants (Infection 5%) 3 Summer Number Of Plants With Blate Touched By Spider Mite Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLLESPMI 10 totally touched leaf All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) 9 Narrow triangular 6 intermediate 5 1 No damages No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 Daphné Verdelet T/HA Net Weight/Ha Florimond Desprez healthy 0 GEVES/INRA Embryo Sphericity index EmbSphericity Daphné Verdelet strong damages 4 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 4 strong Gen Ap GRAVCLS Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity 3 intermediate 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 SUMNBCOSFB Summer Number Of Striped Flea Beetle On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 8 Only the center few whorls of leaves green and alive - Majority of plants with Score = 8 5 medium Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 nymphs present, mant adults present 4 very resistant 1 9 higly susceptible 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 3 Several plants show spots on leaves (Infection 5%) 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Game SPNBPLDESGAME Daphné Verdelet 2 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Mean Germination Time MGT 3 circular 3 Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 4 < 10% flower WSY White Sugar Yield W&K Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet A single plant shows yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a single yellow plant (Infection 2%) 2 2 susceptible Institut Technique de la Betterave Bolting Number Daphné Verdelet BOLN medium 5 Red 4 Seed Coat Surface Area Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA SeedCoatSurfArea 0 absent Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Bigerm seed Bigerm seed 1 little Florimond Desprez Beet Size Mean Daphné Verdelet BSI M Plant dead - Majority of plants with Score = 9 9 Florimond Desprez Molasse Sugar (F) / % Sugar Daphné Verdelet SM/POL-IS 1 No infection (100% plant stand) 7 high CUTICLE GRIN Daphné Verdelet Cuticle Thickness Florimond Desprez Number Of Red Beets Daphné Verdelet RED Yellow 2 Daphné Verdelet DAMP Damping-off complex Florimond Desprez Immune 0 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) Stem Number International Data Base for Beta StemNb Daphné Verdelet RINGCOLOR GRIN Ring Color Daphné Verdelet 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 fibrous 8 4 wounded and bruised 9 higly susceptible starting to bolt 2 very homogeneous 5 Circular 3 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Centipede SPNBPLDESCENTI Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Topping Quality TOPQUAL Leaf Number International Data Base for Beta LeafNb Daphné Verdelet 7 susceptible Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Sugar % S Florimond Desprez GRIN/Florimond Desprez HYPOCOTYL Hypocotyl Color Daphné Verdelet 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 2 Asynchronous Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Yield NIR DMNHA Daphné Verdelet Glabrous - hairs completely absent 0 PeriSphericity Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Perisperm Sphericity index Standard Deviation Embryo Volume GEVES Daphné Verdelet EmbVol_STD Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Slug Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYSLUG non damaged 1 attribute 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet % WS Florimond Desprez Percentage Of White Sugar CLSAUDPC Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) Audpc GACO Green Apterous Aphid Counting Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 4 Fodder Purple 5 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 3 Red bracts to the top 9 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 5 Yellow 1 No wilting (Wilting 0%) tolerant 4 Multigerm 3 7 red CFCOBSO Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Crane-Fly Counting Before Sowing Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 3 nymphs present, few adults present erect 1 9 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) Standard Deviation Persiperm Width 3d PeriWidth3d_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA SeedVol Daphné Verdelet Seed Volume GEVES/INRA Area Under Progress Curve Of FCOVER Over Time Daphné Verdelet FCOVERAUPC Institut Technique de la Betterave Slight infection - Plot still looks green as dominant colour (>10% plants with clear yellow symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 1 Very heterogeneous Strong 7 REGRO Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Leaf Regrowth 8 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) 1 No infection (100% plant stand) GRIN Daphné Verdelet Petiole Length - Maximum PETLENMAX a few plants still standing, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 8 Pink 2 weak stay green 2 Fusarium Yellows – Fusarium Oxysporum & Secorum GRIN/Florimond Desprez FUSA Fusarium Daphné Verdelet intermediate 5 0 absent Very hairy 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) - 80% dead plants 7 3 Leaf and root veg. very resistant 1 8 The 3, 4 remaing leaves with 50% decayed; other dead (Infection 80%) 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 1 White No infection 1 9 No plant left (± 0% plant stand) - 100% dead plants Leaf Glossiness L GLO Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA PerispVol Perisperm Volume GEVES/INRA Embryo Lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet EmbLength3d 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 9 No plants left (Infection 100%) Fibrous 8 5 pink 1 No Symptoms - Majority of plants with Score = 1 5 highly tolerant entire red 9 Monogerm 1 3 intermediate stay green 1 absent 6 Biomass 1 rosette stadium weak Gen Ap 2 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms SPNBPLSYBLLEG 7 Old leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) present 9 3 light green Daphné Verdelet Stem Color International Data Base for Beta StemColor 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) - 50% dead plants SPNBPLTOSLUG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Slug Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 1 No wilting (Wilting 0%) Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 11 leaf from regrowth 3 yellow Sugar_beet ontology Fodder_beet ontology 8 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) green / light green 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 Only a few green leaves - Plot looks dominantly yellow (>80% plants with symptoms)(Infection 80%) 8 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOGAME Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Game Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Of Rhizoctonia Crown And Root Rot SPSRCRR Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 2 Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 very resistant 1 SEEDSP Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Seed Spacing Hypocotyl Temperature Delta Daphné Verdelet DeltaTempHyp GEVES/INRA 11 leaf from regrowth All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) 9 Dry Matter Content NIR DMNIR Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 5 intermediate 1 one colony, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each 11 leaf from regrowth Daphné Verdelet Soil Tare Evaluation = %TARE SOITARE Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) SPNBPLSYMILL Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Millipede Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOMILL Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Millipede Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 4 Broad elliptic SPNBPLTOFLBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms Daphné Verdelet 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 4 broad elliptic 1 white 9 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms Increasing number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>40% plants with symptoms)(Infection 40%) 6 6 - 8 cm 4 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 5 Narrow oblong NINIPL Nirs - Nitrogen Quantity In Plot Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 1 Synchronous Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) - 65% dead plants 6 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) 9 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 5 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) Monogerm 1 weak 3 9 higly susceptible No plant with symptoms (Infection 0%) 1 Radicle Lengthening Speed (Root = 20 Mm) RadSpd Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Multigerm (2-4) 3 6 > 15 cm 8 A few plants still standinf, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 1 Very weak vigor 2 White to yellow Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 fully bolting < 10% flowering, 10-50% flower 5 9 Pink WGHASR Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal Institut Technique de la Betterave GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Leaf Position LPOSI intermediate 5 Loss of leaves due to Water stress Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave REFLAIloss 1 No infection Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Younger leaves wilting)(Infection 80%) 8 5 No deficiency 4 strong stay green Immune 0 Daphné Verdelet Embryo SpDiameter mm GEVES EmbSpDiameter intermediate 5 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) heterogeneous 2 GRIN ROOTMAGGOT Daphné Verdelet Root Maggot 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez LABAN Daphné Verdelet mM N Lab - Amino Nitrogen Content Of Beet Mush 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) First leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) 7 Very weak Gen Ap 1 Spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) 3 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 acronym 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 13 - 15 cm 5 0 healthy 1 No infection (100% plant stand) 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 3 intermediate damages GRIN FLESHCOLOR Daphné Verdelet Flesh Color red vein 5 Institut Technique de la Betterave Slugs Counting Before Sowing Daphné Verdelet SLCOBSO very resistant 1 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 3 intermediate A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 susceptible 7 7 susceptible 7 Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) Orange 5 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 1 very little 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 intermediate 5 All plants are covered with grey powdery mycellum (Infection 100%) 9 Sugar extraction 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 5 strong vigor 4 weak vigor 2 intermediate 5 9 prostrate Thin 0 3 bruised 0 no leaf yellowing Entire defoliation (caution : regrowth !!!) (Infection 100%) 9 Florimond Desprez Downy Mildew (DM) – Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Daphné Verdelet DM 2 One embryo Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) 5 9 Entire defoliation - caution : regrowth !!! (Infection 100%) 1 Plants only have green leaves - Plot looks 100% green (Infection 0%) 0 Immune 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Slug SPNBPLDESSLUG Daphné Verdelet 5 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 2 Elliptic Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 4 4 Highly multigerm (>5) White 1 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 7 dark 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 3 Orange Yellow 3 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched Purple 5 2 partly monogerm /partly multigerm 1 Narrow elliptic More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 8 Many plants with yellowing, only few plants green (>80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) 1 No infection (100% plant stand) nymphs present, no adults present 2 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) Mixed 4 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 5 strong vigor 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 5 Medium 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) angled topped 6 9 - 11 cm 3 3 semi-erect 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 3 resistant Immune 0 totally touched leaf 10 higly susceptible 9 4 weak deficiency 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 4 Most leaves moderately curling; more than half of the upper surface of the leaf visible - Majority of plants with Score = 4 1 White orange 4 7 More than 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) 6 50-100% flower 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) moderate 5 present 1 Single plants with slight yellowing (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) 2 2 Almost no infection (few plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering >95% of root surface 5 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 entity 4 Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) 9 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) 3 2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface]]> 7 Non-swollen 5 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 3 Several plants with infection (± 5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) irregular 9 Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 2 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 1 Green 3 green 1 Very weak stay green 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) homogeneous 4 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing (>5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) Intermediate infection (± 40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 6 3 Weak Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 Distinct spots on most leaves (> 100 pots and rust spores starting to develop)(Infection 10%) 4 2 undertopped with petioles shorter than or equal to 2 cm 9 All plants severly damaged, no plants green (Infection 100%) 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 1 No infection No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) Spots on one or two leaves (around 25-50 spots)(Infection 2%) 2 Some plants with totally yellow leaves (>20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 5 > 8 cm 5 1 No infection (Infection 0%) Volume of the perisperm measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of the perisperm volume Leaf Plant height on a group of single plants Height Leaf height Mean Susceptibility Pests - Phemphigus betae Susceptibility to root aphids Root aphids Computation of Ratio Length / Width of leaf blade Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Bolting start time Bolting Start time Maximal length of the embryo extracted from the virtual embryo skeleton and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Computation of Embryo Length Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Washing mm² Number of plants with ramularia leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Spring Spring population Population Plan population 400°Cd after sowing Counting of black aphids Number of black aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Multigermicity scale Roundness Beet roundness Beet roundness Root Observation of lifeform Life form of the accession Counting of hors White Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting the number of plantlets with green hypocotyl after germinating test of a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of green hypocotyl Determination of the percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Cercospora Beticola susceptibility scale Petiole Color scale unitless count unit Measurement of top Height Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average 'green above ground part' Height of top of the beet Top root Top beet thickness Thickness Flesh color Main color of flesh Flesh Color Leaf nitrogen quantity Canopy Quantity of nitrogen in leaves (in g/m²) Nitrogen content Ground coverage by plant leaves Leaf Ground coverage Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Computation of rotten net gravity Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Computation of Hypocotyl Temperature Delta Counting Counting the number of plants in a plot Number of green apterous aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of green apterous aphids Color Hypocotyl Hypocotyl color Hypocotyl pigmentation Seed coat Seed coat volume Volume Standard deviation of the volume of the seed coat Computation of Radicle Temperature Delta Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) °C Sum of Potassium and Sodium content in the root Computation of Potassium and Sodium content Measurement of embryo shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Under progress curve area of FCOVER evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of FCOVER Germity scale Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Radicle lengthening speed Radicle Growth rate Determination by flux cytometer of the level of ploidy Determination of ploidy Spring / Emergence Number of plant with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYVOLE method Number Counting of millipede guttulatus Pests - Blaniulus guttulatus Millipede guttulatus Number of plant with game symptoms Game symptoms Pests - Game Number of plant Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR Evaluation of root damages visually Damange Root damage Root Color Root color below ground of a group of single plants Root color Root Standard deviation of the volume of the embryo Volume Embryo Embryo volume Absent/Present Susceptibility Fungal disease - Aphanomyces cochlioides Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility to black root due to Aphanomyces cochlioides Beet Mild Yellowing Virus susceptibility scale White sugar yield calculated in t/ha. Computation of white sugar yield SPTBYV method Absent/Present beets touched by beet yellow virus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september Measurement of cotyledon temperature Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Leaf blade ratio Ratio Leaf blade Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Seed Germination time Germination time Grain germination time t/ha The width of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Measurement of seed coat width mm3 Measurement of free Glucose content by HPLC Free Glucose content of root measured on frozen brei sample (g/100g Fresh matter) by HPLC Seed coat Standard deviation of the seed coat length Length Seed coat lenght Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Washing Weight of beets after washing for the entire plot Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature Temperature Cotyledon Cotyledon temperature Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Measurement of Final Rate Observation of blistering Visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants (whole microplot) of the leaf blade Phytoproducts damages scale Root Productivity - Beet weight Weight Weight of a single beet without leaves Number of plant Pests - White grub Number of plant with white grub symptoms White grub symptoms Perisperm Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the perisperm Perisperm Shape Presence of hairiness of leaf surface Leaf Leaf hairiness Hairiness Countind of frozen beets Observe the plants per plot under frost condition and count the number of frozen beets Embryo Length Embryo Sphere Diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the embryo Observation of the leaf blade Observation Leaf blade Blistering Topping quality scale Summer Number of beet leaf bug on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOBLB method Ratio Max Width / Width 1/2 after max (meausred in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - High = cylindric beet; Low = conical beet Computation of Beet Size Mean Number of mangol flies on plants Number Pests - Mangold fly Mangol flies Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Measurement of Invert sugar content SPNBPLTOVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESVOLE and SPNBPLSYVOLE Embryo Embryo Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the embryo Shape Pseudomonas aptata scale Counting of blate pits Number of blate pits due to mangod fly with indication of maggot presence or not per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Leaf cuticle Thickness Cuticle thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Number of plants with cercospora leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (if no treatment - If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Thickness Seed coat thickness Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh Seed coat Germination rate Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Seed Early germination rate Plant wilting Plant Plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress Wilting Determination of the beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Observation of Bolting Start Individual seed mass Mesasurement of seed mass Estimation of flesh coarness None Plant Flowering start time Date of the seed bearer flowering start Flowering start time Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity scale Observation of Cuticle Thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle (consult with IIRB) Observation of Stem Color Color of the inflorescence stem Mean maximum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole width among Width Maximum Embryo Standard deviation of the embryo length Length Embryo length kg Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola - 1st and 2nd notation Estimation of Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola g/m² leaf Mean minimum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole width among Width Minimum Stages of seed bearer flowering Observation of flowering time Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Estimation of green pixels An Area Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Weight of beets before soil removal for the entire plot Foliar surface touched by cercospora leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity Betacyanin content Leaf Leaf betacyanin pattern Evaluation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule is empty and therefore does not contain an organ. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the empty seed Computation of perisperm equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the perisperm Summer Number of spider mites on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOSPMI method Bolting plant Total Bolting plant count Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Number Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of seed coat shape Branched Beet scale Determination of ploidy level Plant Plant ploidy level Ploidy Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. Estimation of heat tolerance Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility scale Observation of Type Of Root Damage Evaluation of root damages visually. Wounded referes to significant mass loss. Bruised referes to scratched surface, visible crack with no mass loss. Wounded and bruised are both Visual inspection to observe if the glomerulus is abnormal either by an embryonic malformation or by a perisperm defect . The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the abnormal seed Tetanops myopaeformis susceptibility scale Leaf Loss Loss of leaves due to water stress : reference measure based on an image to evaluate total foliar surface Loss of leaves (LAI) Distribution Bract distribution Importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Flower bract Cover Green vegetation Green vegetation cover (FCOVER) evolution AUPC of green vegetation cover Tip width Measurement of the average width of broken apical part Width Root tip ‰ Flowering end time Plant Date of the seed bearer flowering end Flowering end time SPNBPLSYNOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Pests - Moth Number of plant Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth Intern crown eroded Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSLUG and SPNBPLSYSLUG SPNBPLTOSLUG method Leaf Position scale Observation of leaf position Determination of the average of leaf position on a group of single plants Germination Mutigermicity Grain germination Seed Observation of Polymyxa betae susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae Spring / Emergence Number of plant with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYGAME method Germination rate Germination final rate Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Seed Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth Cotyledon Cotyledon length Length Cuticle Thickness scale Number of striped flea beetle on plants Number Striped flea beetle Pests - Striped flea beetle Bract Distribution Scale Susceptibility to downy mildew due to Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Susceptibility Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Fungal disease - Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Scoring of foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Observation of foliar damages by phytoproducts Water potential threshold value under which germination does not occur Computation of Germination Base Water Potential Leaf blade undulation Leaf blade Average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Undulation Observation of the plant wilting Observe the plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress at plot scale Measurement of weight Of Beets After Sorting Weight of beets after sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Pests - Root aphids Susceptibility Susceptibility to root aphids Root aphids Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves around 15th of May, 25th of May and 06th of June - using a photography vertically taken Computation of Ground Cover Rate cm Counting of hors Pink Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Position Part of the root which exceeds the soil Beet position in soil Root Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity scale mm Percentage of abnormal seeds in a sample Abnormal seed Seed Abnormal Ramularia beticola Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Fungal disease - Ramularia beticola Susceptibility Number Bolting plant count Count of bolting plants for a whole plot Bolting plant Observation of beet shape None Number of rotten beets on samples of 160 beets break down to percentage Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Rotten root Number Number of rotten beets Rotten beet number Ratio Pygmy beetle symptoms Number of plant Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms Pests - Pygmy beetle AUDPC of PM AUDPC : Under curve area of PM gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the seed coat Seed coat rugosity index Seed coat Rugosity index Fungal disease - Uromyces betae Susceptibility Uromyces betae Susceptibility to rust due to Uromyces betae Beets touched by beet western Beet western Root Viral disease - Beet western Estimation of Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Foliar surface touched by sugar beet rust evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing External surface area of the hole seed measured Seed Area Seed area Susceptibility to Phoma betae Phoma betae Fungal disease - Phoma betae Susceptibility °Cdays Rhizoctonia solani Susceptibility to root rot due to Rhizoctonia solani Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia solani Susceptibility Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root length Measurement of Mean Root Length Plot population Population Plot Productivity - Plant productivity Root net weight Productivity - Root net weight Weight Root Beet Cyst Nematode Susceptibility scale Susceptibility to Rust (Uromyces betae) at plot level - 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th notation Estimation of Rust Susceptibility Root gross weight / microplot in kg/ha Measurement of gross weight SPNBPLSYCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Observation of type Of Beet General growth type and/or use type. Estimation of Susceptibility to Erysiphe Susceptibility to Erysiphe - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation SPNBPLDESBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by aphanomyces black leg on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Measurement of seed Surface Area External surface area of the hole seed measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Scale for Flowering Pattern within plants µg/cm² leaf Weight Productivity - Rotten beet weight Rotten root Rotten beet weight Maximum diameter of single beet Measurement of Beet Diameter Measurement of Mean Root Width Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root width Estimation of Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot due to Stemphylium beticola Weight of beets before sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Seed Bearer Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Percentage of bolters Measurement of sodium content of beet mush Root Sodium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of beet weight Weight of a single beet without leaves Rust gravity evolution Rust Fungal disease - Rust Gravity Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms Number of plant Stem nematode symptoms Pests - Stem nematode Estimation of root aphids susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Aphids Count of millipede in a parcel Counting of millipede guttulatus Free Fructose content of root measured on brei (g/100g Fresh matter) Measurement of free Fructose content Measurement of the average root length Root length Root Length Life form scale m²/m² Volume Perisperm Standard deviation of the volume of the perisperm Perisperm volume Mass Individual seed mass Seed mass Seed SPNBPLDESFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by striped flea beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Charcoal Root Rot susceptibility scale Class of the diameter of the root at the point of break in cm for single beet Classification of root by diameter Leaf blade length on a group of single plants Leaf blade length Leaf blade Length Cercospora beticola Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola Susceptibility Fungal disease - Cercospora Beticola Leaf Fresh matter yield Productivity - Leaf fresh matter yield Total fresh matter yield of leaves Leaf Weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Weight Leaf weight Width Leaf blade width Leaf blade width on a group of single plants Leaf blade Beet Chlorosis Virus Viral disease - Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Number of slugs on 0.25 sqm using traps - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Counting of Slugs Before Sowing Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCENTI and SPNBPLSYCENTI SPNBPLTOCENTI method Root aphids susceptibility scale 1 Length Seed coat Sphere Diameter Seed coat Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the seed coat Observation of Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Empty seed Seed Percentage of empty seeds in a sample Empty Beet Shape scale Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants Pests - Noctuid moth caterpillars Noctuid moth caterpillars Number Computation of dry matter yield Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content measured by refractometer Susceptibility Bacterial disease - Pseudomonas aptata Pseudomonas aptata Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Counting of Curly top Curly Top Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Estimation of Ditylenchus dipsaci susceptibility Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci - plot-basis score based on the number of root presenting symptoms (stunting, swelling and rotting) Number of blinkers at level plot due to sensitive plant to rhizomania Counting of blinkers Flesh Color scale Leaf stalk Leaf stalk width Width Leaf stalk width on a group of single plants index Estimation of Fusarium Susceptibility Susceptibility to Fusarium - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation First, second, third and fourth count of bolting plants for a whole plot Counting of bolters Chlorophyll quantity in leaf (in microgram/cm² of leaf) calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery Quantity of chlorophyll in canopy Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule has only a single embryo and a perisperm without any malformation or defects. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the normal seed Root Root dry matter yield estimated by FT-NIR Dry matter yield Productivity - Root dry matter yield % Standard deviation of the external surface area of the seed coat Seed coat area Seed coat Area French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization /quantity of extractable sugar - Formula without Invert sugar (glucose) Computation of quality index without Invert Sugar Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Cercospora nests Presence Fungal disease - Cercospora Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average width of broken apical part Measurement of Tip Width Mean Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by pygmy beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESPYBE method Measurement of the seed coat volume Volume of the seed coat measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Phemphigus betae susceptibility scale Area index AUPC of leaf area index LAI Leaf Leaf area index (LAI) evolution Counting of wireworms Pests - Wireworms Number Wireworms Sum of daily mean temperature minus the base threshold value (germination base temperature Tbgerm) which is necessary from sowing to reach fifty percent germination. Cumulative thermal time to reach 50% of germination The length of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Measurement of perisperm length Observe the Magnesium Deficiency 1 + Alter, Magnesium Deficiency 2 + Alter Estimation of magnesium deficiency Plant Heat stress tolerance Heat stress tolerance HeatTol Growth of plants under heat condition and rate the tolerance Estimation of Beet Yellowing Virus Susceptibility to Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Slug symptoms Pests - Slugs Number of plant with slug symptoms Number of plant Estimation of Yellows Virus Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Pests - Vole Number of plant Number of plant with vole symptoms Vole symptoms Stem Color Color of the inflorescence stem Stem color Beet length Beet length between top and tail Root Length Observation of Main color of flesh Observation of Main color of flesh Leaf Drought stress susceptibility Drought stress Leaf wilting under drought stress SPSRH method Absent/Present beets having rhizopus symptoms - evaluated at the end of summer Ditylenchus Dipsaci susceptibility scale undefined None Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content predicted by FT-NIR Estimation of dry matter yield Computation of leaf Area Index Leaf area index evaluated by NIRS Beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot Rhizoctonia symptoms Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia Root Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESFLBE and SPNBPLSYFLBE SPNBPLTOFLBE method Glossiness Leaf blade Average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade glossiness Productivity - Soil proportion in raw beet weight Proportion Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight Soil Observation of Leaf Regrowth Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Measurement of Beet Width Max Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the maximal diameter Determination of the plant height on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Height Thrips Number Pests - Thrips Number of thrips on plants Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Bolting percentage Bolting plant Percentage Counting of hors Yellow Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Measurement of Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Rotten parts of beets are cut and weighed together Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th notation Counting of Cercospora beticola Seed coat sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of seed coat sp diameter Evaluation of flesh coarness Flesh coarness Coarness Flesh Plant Productivity - Plant stay green Greeness Evaluation of the average plant stay green Ring color Color Root ring Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Computation of root net yield Root net yield calculated in t/ha Count of wireworms in a parcel Counting of wireworms Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Computation of seed's filling ratio Estimating the percentage of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed in % Blinkers Counting of blinkers Viral disease - Blinkers Number Spring / Emergence Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYSTNEM method Observe the Manganese Deficiency Estimation of manganese deficiency Leaf Magnesium deficiency Estimation of magnesium deficiency Magnesium deficiency Dry matter content Leaf Total dry matter content of leaves Dry matter content of leaves Computation of Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Number of beets with topping class [1], [2], [5] or [6] relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Use Productivity - Plant target use General growth type and/or use type Plant Plot Observation General appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Fungal disease - General scoring Observation of Bract Distribution Description of the importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESPYBE and SPNBPLSYPYBE SPNBPLTOPYBE method Embryo Area Embryo area Standard deviation of the external surface area of the embryo Susceptibility to Rhizoctonia root rot Estimation of Rhizoctonia Solani Susceptibility Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of branched beet - The higher the number is, the more forked the root is. Measurement of Branched Beet Percentage of white sugar in the root at plot scale Computation of white sugar content in the root Beet Yellows Virus Viral disease - Beet yellows virus Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Susceptibility Non Red beet Non Red beet number Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Weight Root weight Single beet weight constituted by top Root Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the persiperm Perisperm equivalent diameter Diameter Perisperm SPNBPLDESGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by game on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Smoothness Root Measurement of the average root groove Smoothness Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Dry matter predicted by a NIRS Soil Humidity Humidity Soil Measurement of soil humidity Evaluation of the average plant stay green Evaluation of the average plant stay green Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal Weight of beets after soil removal for the entire plot Beet width Width Maximal diameter Root Observation of the Flowering Start Date of the seed bearer flowering start SUMNBPLTOCRMO method Summer Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Standard deviation of the flat surface of the seed coat Flatness Seed coat Seed coat flatness Number of plants with powdery mildew spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew Yield Productivity - White sugar yield White sugar White sugar yield calculated SUMNBCOSFB method Summer Number of striped flea beetle on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESNOMO and SPNBPLSYNOMO SPNBPLTONOMO method Number Number of spider mites on plants Pests - Spider mites Spider mites Hypocotyl temperature Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature Hypocotyl Temperature Number of plants after sowing Number Plant Plant population after sowing Petiole Petiole length Minimum petiole length among plants Length Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOBLB method Soil effect Soil Heterogeneity of growth due to soil structure or soil depth Effect SPNBPLDESSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by stem nematode on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Productivity - Root gross yield Root Root gross yield Gross yield Diameter of single beet top Measurement of Beet Top Diameter Rhizomania Yellowing susceptibility scale Aphanomyces Root Rot susceptibility scale Seedling Seedling Betacyanin Content Betacyanin content in seed Betacyanin content Root Fructose content Free fructose content of root measured Fructose content in root Measurement of sugar content of beet mush Sugar content (saccharin) of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Productivity - Weight Of Beets Plot Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Weight Number of crane-flies on 0.25 sqm using traps with bait - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Counting of Crane-fly Before Sowing Height Measurement of the average 'green above ground part' Root Root height Fungal disease - Verticillium Verticillium wilt Susceptibility Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Estimation of Susceptibility to Phoma betae Susceptibility to Phoma betae The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the embryo Computation of embryo equivalent diameter Quality index with invert sugar Sugar content in root Sugar content Root Sugar yield calculated in t/ha Computation of sugar yield Beet sugar yield Root Productivity - Beet sugar yield Sugar yield Hypocotyl pigmentation Observation of Hypocotyl pigmentation Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Seedling growth Growth Seedling Shape Root Beet shape Shape of the beet Non Pink beet number Number Non Pink beet Number of beets by color not in root color trait Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape Seed Seed size Size Polymyxa betae Fungal disease - Polymyxa betae Susceptibility Susceptibility to root rot due to Polymyxa betae SPNBPLTOWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESWHGR and SPNBPLSYWHGR Observation of Verticillium wilt susceptibility Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Potassium and sodium content Potassium and sodium content in root Root Potassium and sodium content in the root Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by thrips - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOTHR method Observation of flowering pattern within plants Flowering pattern within plants Estimation of Black Aphanomyces Cochlioides Susceptibility to Black Root (Aphanomyces cochliodes). Computation of the roundness average by the ratio Length / Width 1/2 after max (measured in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - Higher the ratio is, less round the beet is. Computation of Beet Roundness Mean SPNBPLTOBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESBLLEG and SPNBPLSYBLLEG Potassium content Root potassium content Root Potassium content in root Estimation of Beet Cyst Heterodera Schachtii Susceptability to Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii) Topping Quality Evaluation of topping quality visually, 1 and 2 are undertopped, 3 and 4 are well topped and 5 and 6 are overtopped Scoring the general appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Observation of general appearance of the plot Susceptibility to Rhizomania - 1st, 2nd and 3rd notation Estimation of Rhizomania Rhizomania Susceptibility to Rhizomania Rhizomania Viral disease - Rhizomania Susceptibility Counting of black aphids Pests - Black aphid Black aphids Number Under progress curve area of Chlorophyll content evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of Chlorophyll Computation of quality index with Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization / quantity of extractable sugar - Formula including Invert sugar (glucose) Mesure of germinating power Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Susceptibility to root aphid scoring at harvest presence of aphid colonies on the outside of the beet root in combination with presence of wax using the Hutchinson and Campbell disease scoring scale Observation of Root Aphid susceptibility Mpa Root Color scale weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Measurement of weight of leaves Susceptibility to root rot due to Sclerotium rolfsii Sclerotium rolfsii Fungal disease - Sclerotium rolfsii Susceptibility Measurement of on early germination Rate Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Hypocotyl Hypocotyl lengthening speed Growth rate The width of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Measurement of perisperm width Counting of hors Orange Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) External surface area of the embryo measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the embryo Root width Width Root Measurement of the average root width Leaf Undulation scale Shape Embryo Standard deviation of the diameter of the embryo corresponds to the maximum extent in a given direction Embryo feret shape g/100g of fresh matter Root Size Beet size Beet size as the ratio of max on min beet width Root Sugar content Invert sugar content in root Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit Pests - Millipede Number of plant Millipede symptoms Number of plant with AB217 symptoms Crown Crown importance Measurement of the importance of the crown Importance Total volume of the seed measured Seed volume Volume Seed SPNBPLSYBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery (in m²/m²) Evaluation of total foliar surface Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Yellow-Orange Beets Length Leaf stalk Leaf stalk length Leaf stalk length on a group of single plants Beet Yellows Virus scale Early vigor scale Degree of male sterility Male fertility Male flower Sterility Measurement of length Leaf Stalk Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk length A measure of how closely the shape of the embryo resembles that of a perfect sphere Computation of the sphericity index of the embryo Measurement of glucose content of beet mush glucose of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Perisperm SpDiameter Perisperm Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the perisperm Length Net yield Root Productivity - Root net yield Root net yield calculated SPNBPLDESNOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Flowering pattern between plants Observation of flowering pattern between plants A measure of how closely the shape of the perisperm resembles that of a perfect sphere Computation of the sphericity index of the perisperm Seed spacing Distance Seed Measurement of seed spacing AUPC of LAI Under progress curve area of LAI evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures Observation of Leaf Undulation Determination of the average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Computation of the rugosity index of the seed coat Surface characterization of the Seed Coat mEq/100g of fresh matter Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the embryo Embryo sphericity index Embryo Sphericity index Average of leaf position on a group of single plants Leaf Position Leaf position Manganese deficiency Manganese deficiency Estimation of manganese deficiency Leaf Estimation of matter content predicted with FT-NIR Soluble dry matter content predicted with FT-NIR on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample Number of plants doubled at field emergence : if 2 plants are spaced less than 0.5 * normal distance between 2 seeds - counted at 200°Cd after sowing Counting of Double Plant At Field Emergence Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade width Measurement of width Leaf blade Aphanomyces cochlioides susceptibility scale The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the seed coat Computation of seed coat equivalent diameter Ditylenchus dipsaci Susceptibility Pests - Ditylenchus dipsaci Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci Width Minimum petiole width among plants Petiole width Petiole Measurement of width Leaf Stalk Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk width Counting of number of plant after sowing Number of plants / parcel counted at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd thermal time after sowing Embryo Width Standard deviation of the embryo width Embryo width Root Sodium content in root Sodium content Root sodium content SUMNBCOMO method Summer Number of moth on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Pests - Green aphid Counting of green apterous aphids Green apterous aphids Number Susceptibility to Violet Root [Helicobasidium purpureum] Observation of violet root rot susceptibility Degree of male sterility Degree of male sterility Cold stress damage Cold stress damage Count the number of frozen beets Plant The width of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Measurement of embryo width Flowering time Flowering time Plant Stages of seed bearer flowering Glucose content in root Glucose content of beet mush Root Glucose content Ploidy scale Stem diameter Stem Diameter Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Estimation of juice purity from the 'Wieniger & Kubadinov' formula based on impurity (K, Na and Alpha-N) and sucrose contents Determination of juice purity Integral of the logistic curve using the population countings at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd Computation of field emergence quality Leaf Chlorophyll content evolution Chlorophyll content AUPC Chlorophyll Non Yellow-orange beet Non Yellow-orange beet number Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Leaf Height scale Determination of the average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Glossiness Fasciation Cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster Hairiness scale Seed Shattering Seed shattering None Observation of seed shattering None Non Orange beet Non Orange beet number Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Root Broken Broken beets Percentage of beets not much broken Observation of the Flowering End Date of the seed bearer flowering end Scale for Seedling Betacyanin Content Spring / Emergence Number of plant with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYWHGR method Radicle temperature Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature Temperature Radicle Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Esitimation of Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Counting of leafs None Type Of Beet scale Susceptibility Susceptibility to beet cyst nematode due to Heterodera schachtii Heterodera schachtii Pests - Heterodera Schachtii Seedling disease Soil fungal disease Susceptibility Susceptibility to seedling disease Counting of bolting plant Number of bolting plants for thousand plants at 1500°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2500°Cd and 3000°Cd after sowing Wilting scale Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root neck Measurement of weight of Root Neck Quantity of nitrogen in leaves - measured in laboratory Measurement of nitrogen in leaves Scale for Flowering Pattern between plants Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSTNEM and SPNBPLSYSTNEM SPNBPLTOSTNEM method Hour of germination at 10°C in Eloncam Measurement of germination hour in Eloncam Perisperm sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of perisperm sp diameter Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Measurement of hypocotyl lengthening speed Ramularia beticola susceptibility scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by vole on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESVOLE method Leaf Color scale Damage by powdery mildew Damage by powdery mildew Fungal disease - Powdery Mildew Leaf Leaf number Number Number of leaves Leaf Root Rot Erwinia scale Aphanomyces black leg symptoms Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms Number of plant Pests - Aphanomyces black leg Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESGAME and SPNBPLSYGAME SPNBPLTOGAME method Root Root alpha-amino nitrogen content Alpha-amino nitrogen content Alpha-amino nitrogen content in root Susceptibility Pests - Root maggot Susceptibility to root maggot Root maggot Measurement of Stem Diameter Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Early vigor Vigor Vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Plant Blistering scale Fusarium Susceptibility scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYMILL method SPNBPLDESCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by centipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPSHS method Absent/Present beets having symptoms due to Heterodera Schachtii - confirmed by cysts on radicles - evaluated regularly on plants between start of july and end of september Pests - Centipede Centipede symptoms Number of plant Number of plant with centipede symptoms Measurement of perisperm shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Number of plants with sugar beet rust pustules - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Spring / Emergence Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYPYBE method Absent/Present beets touched by beet western - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBW method Standard deviation of the seed coat width Width Seed coat width Seed coat Counting of hors Red Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Estimation of content predicted by FT-NIR Invert sugar content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Counting of Stem Number Seed coat equivalent diameter Seed coat Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the seed coat Diameter Leaf Betacyanin Pattern scale Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing virus Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Susceptibility Susceptibility to beet mild yellowing Virus Measurement of weight of Root Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root herself mm/h The length of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Measurement of embryo length SPNBPLSYFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by crane-fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Height of top of the beet Measurement of Top Thickness mg Thickness Seed coat maximum thickness Standard deviation of the maximum thickness of the seed coat Seed coat Estimation of Inflorescence cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster fasciation Estimation of Pseudomonas aptata susceptibility Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Estimation of Black Foliar Ratings Susceptibility to Black Foliar [Aphanomyces cochliodes]. Root Potassium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of potassium content of beet mush Counting the number of genetic twins seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of twins Determination of the percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Leaf blade color Average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Color Leaf blade Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Leaf regrowth Regrowth Leaf SUMNBCOMF method Summer Number of mangol flies on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility scale Measurement of radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C in Eloncam Measurement of radicle length External surface area of the perisperm measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the perisperm AUDPC of SBR AUDPC : Under curve area of SBR gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Seed size measured using sieves Measurement of Size Grade Observation of rings color Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Time of the germination of the seed Germination time Seed Germination time Count the number of dead plants for a whole plot Dead plant Number Dead plant number Percentage of Sugar Content Sucrose content measured by polarimetry on Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot SPSRCRR method Absent/Present beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot - evaluated at the end of summer Leaf Leaf area index (LAI) evaluated by NIRS Area index LAI Leaf area index (LAI) Scale for Beet Position In Soil Plant Plant life cycle state Life form Plant life forme (ie life cycle) state : annual, biannual, perenial… Observe the vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Estimation of early vigor Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh, measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Computation of the thicknesses of the seed coat mesh Total volume of the seed measured in cubic millimeter (mm3) Measurement of seed volume Measurement of net weight Root net weight / microplot in kg/ha Number Stem Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Stem number Scale for Stand Homogeneity Computation of root gross yield Root gross yield calculated in t/ha Standard deviation of the perisperm width Width Perisperm Persiperm width Computation of seed coat flatness index Surface flatness measures how flat is the surface of seed coat Cover Green vegetation Green vegetation cover Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves - measured in laboratory Measurement of chlorophyll in leaves AUDPC of RUST AUDPC : Under curve area of RUST gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Perisperm lenght Standard deviation of the perisperm length Perisperm Length SUMNBPLLESPMI method Summer Number of plants with blates touched by spider mites - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by top Measurement of weight Of Top The volume of the empty space in the seed measured in mm3 Measurement of the volume of the empty space in the seed Stand homogeneity Plot Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Population Number Number of bolting plants for thousand plants after sowing Bolting plant Bolting plant number Percentage of bigerm seeds in a seed sample Seed Bigerm seed Bigerm Root shape in longitudinal section Observation of Root Shape Scale for Presence Of Embryo Empty space volume Volume Empty space Standard deviation of the volume of the empty space in the seed AUDPC of CLS AUDPC : Under curve area of CLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Canopy Chlorophyll content Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves Leaf chlorophyll quantity Standard deviation of the external surface area of the perisperm Perisperm Area Perisperm area Non White beet Non White beet number Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Scale for Maximum Beet Diameter Class Embryo Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the embryo Embryo equivalent diameter Diameter Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility Macrophomina Phaseolina Fungal disease - Macrophomina Phaseolina Phytoproducts damage Leaf Foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Phytoproduct damage Measurement of cotyledon surface area Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Summer Number of plants touched by striped flea beetle - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOSFB method Computation of germination Base Temperature Temperature threshold value under which germination does not occur Damage by sugar beet rust Leaf Damage by sugar beet rust Fungal disease - Sugar beet rust Total fresh matter yield of leaves Computation of Fresh Matter Yield of leaves Determination of the percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds Counting the number of trigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of trigerm seeds Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the seed coat Seed coat Shape Seed coat Computation to estimate seed size Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Male Sterility scale Root Shape scale Measurement of seed spacing Mean spacing between seeds measured on a line of 10 seeds General scoring scale Computation of field emergence quality Emergence quality Field emergence quality Plant SPNBPLDESWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by white grub on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves AUDPC : Under curve area of RLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of RLS Fungal disease - Ramularia Damage by Ramularia Damage by Ramularia Leaf Measurement of radicle lengthening speed Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Percentage of monogerm seeds Counting the number of monogerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of monogerm seeds Absent/Present beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBMYV method Leaf Glossiness scale End Use scale Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Productivity - Rotten gravity Proportion Rotten root Time to reach x% of the total number of seeds, x = 10 to 90 Time of reach x% of germination Susceptibility Curly top Viral disease - Curly top virus Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug Number of plant Pests - Beet leaf bug Leaves stinged h SUMNBPLTOLEMO method Summer Number of leaf tunnels due to moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Number Blate pits Counting of blate pits Pests - Pegomyia betae Radicle Radicle length 7 days after the seed germination Length Radicle length Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus susceptibility sclN Measurement of petiole length among Length Maximum Mean maximum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Beet Chlorosis Virus susceptibility scale Embryo sp diameter measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of embryo sp diameter Score of Susceptibility to Rust Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of the crown - The higher the number is, the more the crown tare is. Measurement of French Top Mean Humidity of soil in % Measurement of Soil Humidity Phoma Betae Susceptibility scale Observation of Hairiness of leaf surface Hairiness of leaf surface Observation of Leaf Color Determination of the average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by slug on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESSLUG method SPNBPLTOMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESMILL and SPNBPLSYMILL Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility to violet root due to Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility Fungal disease - Helicobasidium purpureum Juice Juice purity of a brei sample representative from the whole plot Juice purity Purity Beet diameter Diameter Class of the maximum diameter of single beet Root Susceptibility to Erwinia Rot Observation of Erwinia rot susceptibility Root Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus Beet mild yellowing luteovirus SPNBPLDESMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by millipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Computation of Mean Germination Time Calculated as: Σ (n T)/ Σ n, where n = number of seeds newly germinated at time T; T = hours from the beginning of the germination test, Σ n = final germination. Total dry matter content of leaves Measurement of matter Matter Content Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade length Measurement of lenght Leaf Blade Scale for Stay green Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight - calculated on 5 samples of 100 beets Computation of Soil Tare Evaluation Damping-off complex scale Estimation of Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility Susceptibility to Sclerotium root rot Susceptibility to seedling disease due to soil-borne fungi (Aphanomyces cochlioides, R. solani, Pythium spp., Phoma betae) Damping-off complex Weight of rotten beets parts relative to gross weight of beets Computation of rotten gross gravity Date Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility to root maggot due to Tetanops myopaeformis Pests - Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility Presence Embryo Presence of embryo Automatic detection of the presence of embryo Filling rate The ratio of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed Seed Seed filling ratio Measurement of Content of betacyanin in the beet None Curly top virus susceptibility scale Germination rate Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Seed Germinating power Betaine content mesured by HPLC on frozen brei sample Mesurement of Betaine content by HPLC Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Total number of bolting plants Observation of seed maturity None Leaf Regrowth scale Non Yellow beet Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Yellow beet number Measurement of seed coat length The length of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Measurement of cotyledon final length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Number of dead plants for a whole plot Counting of Dead Plants Evaluation of topping quality visually Productivity - Topping quality Topping Quality Susceptibility to Root Aphids Observation of Root Aphids susceptibility Observation of Color of petiole Observation of Color of petiole Double plant number Number Count the number of double plants at field emergence Double plant Visual inspection to observe wether one, two or more glomerules are sticked together into one glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of mutigermicity Stemphylium beticola susceptibility scale White sugar content White sugar content in root White sugar content in the root Root Measurement of Technical Length Beet length between top and tail Normal seed Percentage of normal seeds in a sample Seed Normal Drought Stress scale Soluble dry matter content measured on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample with a refractometer - In °Brix Measurement of dry Matter Content Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the diameter located at the half of the root under the max diameter Measurement of Beet Width Half Scale for Type Of Root Damage Dry matter content in root Dry matter content Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Root Color of petiole Petiole color Petiole Color SUMNBPLTONOMO method Summer Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Observation of Rhizomania susceptibility Susceptibility to Rhizomania scored by the yellowing of the canopy; 0 is none and 9 is most yellowing. Fungal disease - Erysiphe betae Susceptibility Erysiphe Susceptibility to Erysiphe Number of beets with topping class Topped beet number Number Topped root Pests - Noctuid moth Perforated leaves Number of plant Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth Fructose and glucose content in root Free fructose and glucose onfresh matter Fructose and glucose content Root Determination of the percentage of Bigerme In Seeds Counting the number of bigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of bigerm seeds Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root groove - The closer the number is to 9, the smoother the root is Measurement of Smoothness Score Mean Seed Shattering scale Ring Color scale None Seed Maturity Seed maturity Betaine content Root Betaine content in root Betaine content by FT-NIR Evaluation of LAI Evaluation of LAI loss : 0 if no loss to -1 if 100% loss Root aphids susceptibility scale 2 High Temperatures Suceptibility scale Erwinia Betavasculorum Susceptibility to root rot due to Erwinia Betavasculorum Bacterial disease - Erwinia Betavasculorum Susceptibility The maximum thickness of all the measured points on the seed coat in millimeters (mm) Measurement of the maximum thicknes of the seed coat Estimation of Powdery Mildew Gravity Foliar surface touched by powdery mildew evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Root shape in longitudinal section Root shape Shape Root Powdery Mildew Gravity scale Classification of root by maximum diameter Class of the maximum diameter of single beet in cm Sugar content of beet predicted by a NIRS Estimation of Sugar content of beet Fusarium Vascular disease - Fusarium Susceptibility Susceptibility to Fusarium Hypocotyl Color scale SUMNBPLTOLEH method Summer Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Root gross weight Productivity - Root gross weight Weight Root External surface area of the seed coat measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the seed coat Fungal disease - Stemphylium beticola Susceptibility to yellow leaf spot due to Stemphylium beticola Stemphylium beticola Susceptibility Estimation of soil effect Observe the growth of plants per plot and rate the heterogeneity due to soil structure or soil depth Computation of feret shape value of the embryo Embryo shape characterisation index SUMNBCONOMO method Summer Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Scale for Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Root alpha-amino nitrogen content measured by Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of alpha-amino nitrogen content of beet mush Erysiphe betae susceptibility scale Quantity of nitrogen in canopy - predicted using a NIRS Quantity of nitrogen in canopy SUMNBCOTHR method Summer Number of thrips on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Root color below ground of a group of single plants Observation of below ground of a group Root Color Observation of root maggot using de Lee Campbell Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility to root maggot using de Lee Campbell disease scoring scale Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth Cotyledon area Area Cotyledon Measurement of the bigerm seed Visual inspection to observe if two embryo present in a single glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Observation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern None Presence of Cercospora nests Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Computation of Free Fructose and Glucose Sum of Free Fructose and Glucose (g/100g Fresh matter) Computation of Seedling Growth Base Temperature Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Rhizoctonia Solani susceptibility scale Root Maggot susceptibility scale Measurement of the embryo volume Volume of the embryo measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Mean minimum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole length among Length Minimum variable_of Flesh Coarness scale Observation of Root Maggot susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Maggot Computation of Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Number of beets with break diameter less or equal to 2 cm relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated SPNBPLSYSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Perisperm Sphericity index Perisperm sphericity index Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the perisperm Downy Mildew Susceptibility scale Violet Root Rot susceptibility scale Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms Number of plant Pests - Crane-fly Crane-fly symptoms SPNBPLSYCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Estimation of Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Foliar surface touched by ramularia leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Trigerm Percentage of trigerm seeds in a seed sample Seed Seed quality SUMNBPLTOMF method Summer Number of blate pits due to mangol fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Root Branched beet Branched Measurement of the importance of branched beet Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Estimation of Chlorosis Virus SPNBPLTOCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCF and SPNBPLSYCF Automatic detection of the presence of embryo. Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 2D X-Ray. Measurement of the presence of embryo scale_of Rhizopus symptoms Fungal disease - Rhizopus Beets having rhizopus symptoms Root Estimation of drought stress susceptibility Score leaf wilting per plot under drought stress Measurement of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when harvesting single plants Observation of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when In Soil Leaf hoppers Number of plant Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers Pests - Leaf hoppers Flowering Time scale Root Rot Susceptibility scale method_of Sugar Beet Rust Gravity scale Stem Color scale Mineral Deficiency scale