Leaf Color Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet L COL PeriEqDiameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Equivalent Diameter FlorweringTime Flowering Time International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet prostrate 9 Embryo Surface Area EmbSurfArea GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet FELECLS Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Striped Flea Beetle SUMNBPLTOSFB Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Embryo SpDiameter mm GEVES Daphné Verdelet EmbSpDiameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatRugosity_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Rugosity index Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Nb Of Bolters/Nb Of Beets BOLT/ SeedShattering Daphné Verdelet Seed Shattering International Data Base for Beta SPNBPLSYNOMO Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Noctuid Moth Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Millipede Symptoms SPNBPLTOMILL Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez Erwinia Rot Daphné Verdelet Erwinia Rot – Erwinia Betavasculorum ERW Root Rot Erwinia Loss of leaves due to Water stress Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet REFLAIloss Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal Daphné Verdelet WGHASR Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) Audpc RLSAUDPC Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHASO Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets After Sorting 2 or more colonies, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface 2 Drought Stress DROU Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet All plants are covered with grey powdery mycellum (Infection 100%) 9 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Juice Purity W&K W & K 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched PerispSpDiameter GEVES Daphné Verdelet Perisperm SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet %IS K Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Invert Sugar Kit Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Plant With Perforated Leaves Due To Noctuid Moth Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTONOMO Manganese Deficiency Florimond Desprez MAGNE Daphné Verdelet weak 3 Institut Technique de la Betterave Nirs - Sugar Content Of Beets NIBSC Daphné Verdelet GEVES Standard Deviation Seed Coat Shape VA3d Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatShapeVA3d_STD 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOFLBE Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms GEVES/INRA Seed Coat lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatLength3d Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image Institut Technique de la Betterave REFLAI Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez RRR Rhizoctonia Root Rot (RRR) – Rhizoctonia Solani Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Tb Seedling Seedling Growth Base Temperature RLS Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) - Ramularia beticola Beet Size Mean Daphné Verdelet BSI M Florimond Desprez Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatEqDiameter Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BMYV Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOTHR Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Thrips Institut Technique de la Betterave RWIDT Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Mean Root Width PerispShapeVA3d Perisperm Shape VA3d GEVES Daphné Verdelet RUST Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Rust – Uromyces Betae Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Of Rhizoctonia Crown And Root Rot SPSRCRR SEEDSP Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Seed Spacing Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SM/POL-IS Molasse Sugar (F) / % Sugar Gross Weight/T Per Ha GR/HA Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Lenght 3d EmbLength3d_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet fibrous 8 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Slug Symptoms SPNBPLSYSLUG Institut Technique de la Betterave Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Noctuid Moth Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTONOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBCOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Moth On Plants Daphné Verdelet 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) Green 1 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 Florimond Desprez Length Leaf Stalk L STA Daphné Verdelet Ring Color GRIN RINGCOLOR Daphné Verdelet Normal seed GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Normal seed Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Blinkers BLINK VirtualSeedGrade GEVES/INRA Virtual Seed Size Grade Daphné Verdelet GRAVRLS Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Daphné Verdelet Yellow Leaf Spot (YLS) – Stemphylium beticola YLS Florimond Desprez Severe infection: few plants surviving, others dead (± 80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) 8 % WS Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of White Sugar Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Sugar Yield S/HA Increasing number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>40% plants with symptoms)(Infection 40%) 6 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 Mangod Fly (Pegomyia betae) Blate Pits And Maggot Counting Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet MFCO LEAFHAIR GRIN Daphné Verdelet Leaf Hairiness 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet RED Number Of Red Beets GEVES Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Shape VA3d SeedCoatShapeVA3d Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Slug Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOSLUG L BLA Length Leaf Blade Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets After Washing Daphné Verdelet WGHAWA Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Perisperm Sphericity index PeriSphericity 2 weak stay green Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SugarBeet Root Aphid - Phemphigus betae SBRA RadFnlLg Radicle Final Length (At 110°Cd) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched 5 overtopped with under half of max diameter bundle rings visible 7 More than 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Green Vegetation Cover Over An Area Daphné Verdelet FCOVER 8 Many plants with yellowing, only few plants green (>80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 CFCOBSO Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Crane-Fly Counting Before Sowing No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez HYPOCOTYL Hypocotyl Color Fodder 4 Violet Root Rot (VRR) – Helicobasidium Purpureum VRR Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez SeedCoatSurfArea_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Surface Area GEVES Daphné Verdelet White 1 1 Very weak stay green BIGER Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Bigerme In Seeds 3 green Daphné Verdelet Slugs Counting Before Sowing Institut Technique de la Betterave SLCOBSO Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Vole Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYVOLE Daphné Verdelet NICHLOROPPL Nirs - Chlorophyll Quantity In Plot Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet PeriWidth3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Persiperm Width 3d GEVES/INRA EmbSphericity_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Sphericity index bracts to the top 9 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet WISTA Width Leaf Stalk Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By White Grub Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESWHGR GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Volume PerispVol Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Rust AUDPC RUSTAUDPC Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust FELESBR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Time To Reach X% Of Germination Tx% Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Leaf Hoppers Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOLEH Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GRAVCLS Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity 6 Stunting, slight yellowing; most leaves becoming prostrate - Majority of plants with Score = 6 Root Aphids Daphné Verdelet ROOTAPHIDS GRIN Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Noctuid Moth Caterpillars On Plants SUMNBCONOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Florimond Desprez HYPGR Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 1 White Petiole Color GRIN PETIOLECOL Daphné Verdelet red 6 intermediate 3 5 13 - 15 cm Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 EmbEqDiameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Embryo Equivalent Diameter Standard Deviation Embryo Equivalent Diameter EmbEqDiameter_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Aphanomyces cochlioides - Foliar Ratings ARF SCLE Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Sclerotium rolfsii Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken NMBREBE Rhizomania Yellowing Daphné Verdelet RhizoYellow GRIN Stem Number International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet StemNb Beet Cyst Nematode GRIN/Florimond Desprez BCN Beet Cyst Nematode (Bcn) – Heterodera Schachtii Heterodera Schachtii Daphné Verdelet STAND Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Stand Homogeneity Downy Mildew (DM) – Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet DM EARLY Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Early Vigor 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 Yellow 2 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds TRIGE Daphné Verdelet Number NUMB. Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet EmbLength3d Embryo Lenght 3d GEVES/INRA 3 Completely male sterile, black or brown anthers One embryo 2 1 0 - 2 cm Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESCENTI Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Centipede Institut Technique de la Betterave Seed Size Grade Daphné Verdelet SeedGrade GEVES/INRA Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet MITOPBE Beet Width Half Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BWIDH Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Germinating Power GEPOW BRANC Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Branched Beet 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 GRIN Petiole Width - Maximum PETWIDMAX Daphné Verdelet KG/PL Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Net Weight/Plot GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Volume SeedCoatVol_STD Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet CRR 0 healthy Daphné Verdelet GEVES Standard Deviation Embryo Shape VA3d EmbShapeVA3d_STD Summer Number Of Spider Mites On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBCOSPMI Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet G Fructose + Glucose % SUG WHIL Wilting Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Mean Root Length RLEN Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 3 several plants left (± 80% plant stand) - 20% dead plants 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) 3 White Sugar Yield W&K Florimond Desprez WSY Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez %FRUC Daphné Verdelet G Fructose 1 white Root Flesh Coarness FleshCoarness International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Damage By Phytoproducts PHYTO Florimond Desprez 5 fully bolting < 10% flowering, 10-50% flower 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet RadSpd Radicle Lengthening Speed (Root = 20 Mm) 4 broad elliptic Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 Daphné Verdelet Dry Matter Content NIR Florimond Desprez DMNIR Standard Deviation Perisperm Shape VA3d GEVES Daphné Verdelet PerispShapeVA3d_STD SPNBPLDESNOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Noctuid Moth 5 hairy Hour of germination at 10°C GEVES Daphné Verdelet HGerm Nirs - Nitrogen Quantity In Plot NINIPL Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet leaf from regrowth 11 Standard Deviation Persiperm Width 3d GEVES/INRA PeriWidth3d_STD Daphné Verdelet GRIN CLUSTERFAS Daphné Verdelet Cluster Fasciation CUTICLE Daphné Verdelet GRIN Cuticle Thickness Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SugarBeet Root Maggot - Tetanops myopaeformis SBRM medium 5 Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet FELEPM Immune 0 Leaf Number LeafNb Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta weak damages 2 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With White Grub Symptoms SPNBPLSYWHGR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GACO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Green Apterous Aphid Counting PLOI Daphné Verdelet GRIN Ploidy Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet BEDIAM Maximum Beet Diameter YORNM Number Of Yellow-Orange Beets Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Black Root – Aphanomyces Cochlioides ARR GRIN/Florimond Desprez Aphanomyces Root Rot (Arr) – Aphanomyces Cochlioides No infection 1 Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Striped Flea Beetle SPNBPLDESFLBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) 2 Leaf Fresh Matter Yield LeafFreshMat International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet FillingRatio Seed Filling Ratio Thermal time after emergence to reach X% of Green Vegetation Cover Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave TTFCOVER 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched Dry Matter Yield NIR Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet DMNHA Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) 6 3 Hairs very parse Double Plant At Field Emergence DBFEMER Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 GRIN FLESHCOLOR Flesh Color Daphné Verdelet Topping Quality TOPQUAL Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Tb Germ GEVES/INRA Germination Base Temperature OCVV/International Data Base for Beta Beet Position In Soil Daphné Verdelet RPOSI Empty seed GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Empty seed some present on the lower part 1 GEVES Daphné Verdelet Embryo Shape VA3d EmbShapeVA3d intermediate 5 Daphné Verdelet Beet Weight BEWGT Institut Technique de la Betterave Bigerm seed GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Bigerm seed GEVES/INRA EmbFeretShape3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Feret Shape 3d EmbFeretShape3d Embryo Feret Shape 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Having Rhizopus Symptoms SPSRH Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Red 3 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Cotyledon Temperature Delta DeltaTempCot A few plants still standinf, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 8 Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYFLBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Proportion Of Root WGTPORO Daphné Verdelet PeriEqDiameter_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet LeafBcyanin International Data Base for Beta Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Daphné Verdelet Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Maximum Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image REFLAImax higly susceptible 9 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) angled topped 6 5 intermediate Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 4 correctly topped Damping-off complex Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet DAMP 9 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms 7 Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) GERM Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Germity Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 BSN Daphné Verdelet Beet Stem Nematode – Ditylenchus Dipsaci Florimond Desprez Florimond Desprez Smoothness Score Mean Daphné Verdelet SMO M 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) LACHLOROLE Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Lab - Chlorophyll Quantity In Leaf = CHLO1 pink 5 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Crane-Fly Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYCF Daphné Verdelet susceptible 7 WIWOCO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Wireworms counting Seed Surface Area GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedSurfArea Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) 4 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Multigermicity Multigerm seed Sm/Pol Institut Technique de la Betterave SMPOL Daphné Verdelet EmbSphericity GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Embryo Sphericity index GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatLength3d_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat lenght 3d GRIN MALESTER Daphné Verdelet Male Sterility 2 Root vegetable Daphné Verdelet EmbSurfArea_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Surface Area GEVES Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 Daphné Verdelet EmbLength Embryo Length GEVES/INRA 2 Vein clearing of heart leaves, slight pimpling of veins on the underside of leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 2 1 No wilting (Wilting 0%) Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Stem Nematode Symptoms SPNBPLTOSTNEM Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Vole Symptoms SPNBPLTOVOLE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatSpDiameter_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat SpDiameter mm GEVES 9 present Florimond Desprez FROST Daphné Verdelet Frozen Beets Bolting Number BOLN Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 3 Multigerm LABNA Daphné Verdelet Lab - Sodium Content Of Beet Mush Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez mM Na Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Centipede Symptoms SPNBPLSYCENTI Institut Technique de la Betterave 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) SPTBYV Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Yellow Virus Daphné Verdelet Severe stunting, yellowing; leaves prostate and some leaves dead - Majority of plants with Score = 7 7 GRIN ROOTMAGGOT Root Maggot Daphné Verdelet 4 Red 4 - 6 cm 3 Institut Technique de la Betterave NIBDM Daphné Verdelet Nirs - Dry Matter Of Beets International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Flowering End FloweringEnd BNYVV Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Rhizomania Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus (BNYVV) Flowering Start FLoweringStart International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet 0 Thin 2 weak Gen Ap Percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds TWIN Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Radicle Temperature Delta DeltaTempRad No plants left (Infection 100%) 9 WGHBSO Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Area Under Progress Curve Of FCOVER Over Time Daphné Verdelet FCOVERAUPC Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet FELERLS Life form (ie life cycle) LIFEFORM GRIN Daphné Verdelet GRIN Daphné Verdelet Flowering Pattern – Within plants FLWRPATW one colony, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each 1 Daphné Verdelet Magnesium Deficiency Mg Florimond Desprez Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 6 medium 5 > 90% past flowering 7 Ground Cover Rate Daphné Verdelet GC Institut Technique de la Betterave 8 Other (specify) Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet WHITE Number Of White Beets 3 undertopped with no petioles BChV Beet Chlorosis Virus Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BLIST Blistering Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Centipede Symptoms SPNBPLTOCENTI Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms SPNBPLSYPYBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 3 resistant Seedling Betacyanin Content International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet SeedlingBcyanin 1 Monogerm SBRAUDPC Institut Technique de la Betterave Sbr Audpc Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOWHGR Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With White Grub Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Powdery Mildew (PM) – Erysiphe betae Daphné Verdelet PM GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet WGHBWA Weight Of Beets Before Washing Institut Technique de la Betterave Leaf and root veg. 3 5 Very strong Gen Ap Daphné Verdelet PHOMA Phoma Betae Florimond Desprez Very hairy 7 Daphné Verdelet Embryo Volume GEVES/INRA EmbVol GEVES/INRA MGT Daphné Verdelet Mean Germination Time Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Slug SPNBPLDESSLUG Daphné Verdelet weak 3 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 Standard Deviation Embryo Volume GEVES EmbVol_STD Daphné Verdelet Lab- Sugar Content Of Beets Mush LABSC Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet CLSAUDPC Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) Audpc Daphné Verdelet Light pink 8 3 circular 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 Beet Shape International Data Base for Beta BeetShape Daphné Verdelet GEVES PerispSpDiameter_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 Early germination rate Daphné Verdelet EGermRt GEVES Yellow spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) 2 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Stem Nematode SPNBPLDESSTNEM Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Rotten Gross Gravity Institut Technique de la Betterave ROGROGRAV Daphné Verdelet ENDUSE End Use Daphné Verdelet GRIN Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Younger leaves wilting)(Infection 80%) 8 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 Number of Plant / Parcel Institut Technique de la Betterave POP Daphné Verdelet Narrow oblong 5 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring Population SPRPOP NILAI Nirs Leaf Area Index Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Empty Space Volume EmptyVolume_STD 7 Large number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>60% plants with symptoms)(Infection 60%) 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) High : branched beet 1 CotylFnlLg GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Cotyledon Final Length (At 110°Cd) Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Crane-Fly Symptoms SPNBPLTOCF Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Vole SPNBPLDESVOLE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYBLLEG SPNBPLDESGAME Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Game SeedCoatThick GEVES/INRA Mean Seed Coat Thickness Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Flatness SeedCoatFlatness 2 yellow / light green Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) 2 SeedMass GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Mass Florimond Desprez Beet Yellows Virus Daphné Verdelet BYV PeriSphericity_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Sphericity index Daphné Verdelet Millipede (Blaniulus guttulatus) Counting MILLCO Institut Technique de la Betterave 4 homogeneous 0 absent Sugar extraction 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 Beet Top Diameter Institut Technique de la Betterave TODIAM Daphné Verdelet TYPE GRIN Type Of Beet Daphné Verdelet Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 tolerant 4 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 Daphné Verdelet StemDiam Stem Diameter International Data Base for Beta Mixed 4 Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts WGHROBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Purple 5 7 Strong Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Aphanomyces Black Leg SPNBPLDESBLLEG No damages 1 FRT M Florimond Desprez French Top Mean Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez FUSA Fusarium Yellows – Fusarium Oxysporum & Secorum Fusarium Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Stay Green Florimond Desprez GREEN Only the center few whorls of leaves green and alive - Majority of plants with Score = 8 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 1 Fertile 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) Most of the plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 20%) 5 Seed Coat Width 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatWidth3d SeedCoatWidth3d_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Width 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) 2 WGTPOTO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Weight Proportion Of Top No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 absent 1 PeriLength3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Lenght 3d Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Game Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOGAME Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatRugosity Seed Coat Rugosity index GEVES/INRA WGHLE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Leaves 1 narrow ellipic 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 very resistant 1 Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 2 Dead Plants DEADP Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez LANILE Daphné Verdelet Lab - Nitrogen Quantity In Leaf 5 Yellow Perisperm Surface Area GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet PerispSurfArea Soil Effect SOIL Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet PMAUDPC PM Audpc Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Lab - Amino Nitrogen Content Of Beet Mush Daphné Verdelet LABAN mM N Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez ROOTSHAPE GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Root Shape Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Invert Sugar Venema %IS V attribute Seed Coat Maximum Thickness GEVES/INRA SeedCoatMaxThickness Daphné Verdelet 7 Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) EmbPres Presence Of Embryo GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet FCOVERmax Maximum Green Vegetation Cover Institut Technique de la Betterave inflorescence half way up 5 A few yellow spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) 3 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) SUMNBCOBLB Summer Number Of Beet Leaf Bug On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatEqDiameter_STD GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESMILL Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Millipede Daphné Verdelet Use unknown 7 EmbWidth3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Embryo Width 3d DeltaTempHyp GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Hypocotyl Temperature Delta StemColor International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Stem Color Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 3 4 strong vigor 8 Fibrous Daphné Verdelet BETAH Betaine HPLC Florimond Desprez Seed Coat Volume GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatVol All plants severly damaged, no plants green (Infection 100%) 9 HypSpd GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Hypocotyl Lengthening Speed (Hyp = 25 Mm) Very strong deficiency 1 Empty Space Volume GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmptyVolume Daphné Verdelet SOIHUM Soil Humidity Institut Technique de la Betterave healthy 0 Daphné Verdelet General Scoring Florimond Desprez GEN. Weight Proportion Of Root Neck Institut Technique de la Betterave WGTPORN Daphné Verdelet Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 4 Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo SpDiameter mm EmbSpDiameter_STD GEVES Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Mild Yellowing Luteovirus Daphné Verdelet SPTBMYV Number Of Pink Beets PINK Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedVol Seed Volume No infection 1 No infection 1 Immune 0 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 Intermediate number of yellowing plants - Plot looks slightly yellow (>20% plants with symptoms)(Infection 20%) 5 Standard Deviation Embryo Width 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet EmbWidth3d_STD irregular 9 Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Due To Heterodera Schachtii Daphné Verdelet SPSHS Daphné Verdelet INRA High Temperatures Suceptibility HeatTol_E Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Stem Nematode Symptoms SPNBPLSYSTNEM Top Height Mean Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet THE M 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 tolerant 4 Institut Technique de la Betterave Area Under Progress Curve Of LAI Over Time Daphné Verdelet LAIAUPC Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOLEMO Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Leaf Tunnels Due To Moth Beet Roundness Mean Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet RND M 8 All plants are covered with thick white mycellum (Infection 80%) 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) Most plants moderately yellowing (<10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 SPNBPLSYMILL Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Millipede Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 3 intermediate Daphné Verdelet Bract Distribution BractDistrib International Data Base for Beta Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Dry Matter Content % DM SUMNBPLLESPMI Summer Number Of Plants With Blate Touched By Spider Mite Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 3 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) Daphné Verdelet PerispSurfArea_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm Surface Area GEVES Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Daphné Verdelet WGHBSR Institut Technique de la Betterave very resistant 1 Daphné Verdelet Lab - Glucose Content Of Beet Mush LABGLC Institut Technique de la Betterave No plant left (± 0% plant stand) - 100% dead plants 9 Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESPYBE Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Pygmy Beetle No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 4 strong stay green 1 Very heterogeneous Daphné Verdelet G Glucose %GLUC Florimond Desprez Indeterminate 2 semi-erect 3 Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) 5 Daphné Verdelet FEROBE Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Institut Technique de la Betterave very resistant 1 NEST Nest Of Cercospora Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet LE/WI Leaf blade : Ratio Length / Width strong deficiency 2 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 SUMNBCOSFB Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Striped Flea Beetle On Plants Daphné Verdelet 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 Slight leaf curl of the edge of new leaves; pimpling on the veins of the underside of the leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 3 3 Broad elliptic 4 Verticillium Daphné Verdelet VERT Florimond Desprez Gross Weight/Plot GR/PL Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet REGRO Daphné Verdelet Leaf Regrowth Florimond Desprez 9 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) GRIN Daphné Verdelet Petiole Length - Minimum PETLENMIN 9 100 percent leaf yellowing 9 Thick 1 very resistant 2 Asynchronous SeedCoatMaxThickness_STD GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Seed Coat Maximum Thickness Daphné Verdelet Beet Width Max Florimond Desprez BWIDM Daphné Verdelet 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) strong vigor 5 Germination Base Water Potential GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet PSI b Germ Weak 3 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet TOT. Bolters Total Number Narrow elliptic 1 Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SOITARE Soil Tare Evaluation = %TARE Institut Technique de la Betterave Area Under Progress Curve Of Chlorophyll Over Time CABAUPC Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Game Symptoms SPNBPLSYGAME Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Flowering Pattern – Between plants GRIN FLWRPATB Daphné Verdelet 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 4 Red 7 susceptible 1 4.5 - 7 cm 3 Yellow Maximum Beet Diameter Class Institut Technique de la Betterave CLBEDIAM Daphné Verdelet Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) resistant 3 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) No infection (Infection 0%) 1 First large brown necrotic spots, spots on one or two leaves (Infection 20%) 5 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 Seed Coat SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet GEVES SeedCoatSpDiameter leaf from regrowth 11 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) Daphné Verdelet Powdery Mildew Gravity GRAVPM Institut Technique de la Betterave Spots on nearly all leaves (Infection 10%) 4 Daphné Verdelet TOTHI Top Thickness Institut Technique de la Betterave L UND Leaf Undulation Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet K + Na KNa Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Thrips On Plants SUMNBCOTHR Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 3 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 International Data Base for Beta BolStart Daphné Verdelet Bolting Start 7 First leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Blate Pits Due To Mangold Fly Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOMF Black Aphid Counting Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet BACO No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 Non-swollen 7 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) SumTemp50pctGerm GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Temperature Sum To Reach 50% Germination Florimond Desprez Root Color Daphné Verdelet R COL 1 very resistant Type Of Root Damage Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet BEDAMA 1 Monogerm 3 9 - 11 cm 4 wounded and bruised Daphné Verdelet CLDIAMBRE Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Institut Technique de la Betterave 3 2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface]]> 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) - 65% dead plants Daphné Verdelet GRIN Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae. PolymyxaBetae 7 susceptible intermediate 5 highly tolerant 5 4 orange PerispVol_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm Volume GEVES Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOBLLEG Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Daphné Verdelet entity 4 Slight infection - Plot still looks green as dominant colour (>10% plants with clear yellow symptoms) (Infection 10%) 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 1 highly susceptible Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 intermediate deficiency 3 semi-prostrate 7 5 strong stay green Florimond Desprez Width Leaf Blade WIBLA Daphné Verdelet 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) Florimond Desprez CRRF Daphné Verdelet Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina - Foliar Ratings 0 Immune 5 intermdiate Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOPYBE 1 No Symptoms - Majority of plants with Score = 1 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Number Of Yellow Beets YELNB 9 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) SeedCoatFlatness_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Flatness LPOSI GRIN/Florimond Desprez Leaf Position Daphné Verdelet nymphs present, no adults present 2 1 untopped with petioles longer than 2 cm intermediate Gen Ap 3 1 No wilting (Wilting 0%) SUMNBPLTOBLB Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Beet Leaf Bug no aphid colonies nor wax present 0 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Betaine NIR BETAN Institut Technique de la Betterave SPTBW Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Western Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet ORANG Number Of Orange Beets very strong damages - the whole plot is burned 5 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Pseudomonas aptata PSEU 2 Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 2 Yellow International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Leaf Dry Matter Content LeafDryMat 5 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 3 Orange SUMNBPLTOCRMO Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plant With Eroded Intern Crown - Moth Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet PeriLength3d_STD GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Perisperm Lenght 3d Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) 8 6 Candy Striped, alternating red and green streaks on bolted flower stalks and larger lateral branches. LHEIG Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Leaf Height 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 Intermediate infection (± 40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 2 starting to bolt 1 erect White to yellow 2 Rotten Net Gravity RONETGRAV Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet higly susceptible 9 2 almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) - 10% dead plants 2 weak vigor 2 7 - 9 cm 0 <0.1 not branched beet 8 Remaining leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Infection 80%) a few plants still standing, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 8 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched GRAVSBR Institut Technique de la Betterave Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Daphné Verdelet 5 red vein A couple of plants with slight yellowing (>5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) 3 Twins 3 4 strong Gen Ap 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 6 narrow obtriangular 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 8 The 3, 4 remaing leaves with 50% decayed; other dead (Infection 80%) Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 5 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 Several plants with infection (± 5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) 3 very tender 1 1 White Determinate 1 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 heterogeneous 2 entire red 9 Germination Final Rate GEVES/INRA GermFnlRt Daphné Verdelet Old leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) 7 7 hard Several plants show spots on leaves (Infection 5%) 3 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 Leaf Glossiness Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet L GLO susceptible 7 Summer Number Of Mangold Flies On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBCOMF Daphné Verdelet PETLENMAX GRIN Petiole Length - Maximum Daphné Verdelet 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) - 50% dead plants Seed Coat Surface Area SeedCoatSurfArea GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet 1 absent 5 Medium Synchronous 1 A single plant shows yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a single yellow plant (Infection 2%) 2 5 moderate 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms mM K LABK Lab - Potassium Content Of Beet Brei sample Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Purple 5 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 7 non-swollen 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 6 50-100% flower Yellow orange 4 no leaf yellowing 0 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) green / light green 2 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 3 Circular 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) % S Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Sugar 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) medium 5 Abnormal seed GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Abnormal seed susceptible 7 CLS GRIN/Florimond Desprez Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) - Cercospora Beticola Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESCF Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Crane-Fly higly susceptible 9 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet T/HA Net Weight/Ha undertopped with petioles shorter than or equal to 2 cm 2 bruised 3 2 elliptic 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched Distincts spots on most leaves but not coalescing (Infection 10%) 4 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) < 10% flower 4 intermediate damages 3 No symptom (Infection 0%) 1 CotylSrf Cotyledon Surface Area (At 110°Cd) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet nymphs present, few adults present 3 7 red All plants are covered with light white mycellum (Infection 60%) 7 4 weak deficiency Immune 0 6 Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) RadLg GEVES Daphné Verdelet Radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C intermediate 5 10 totally touched leaf 9 very much Very weak vigor 1 7 red purple medium 5 Leaf vegetable 1 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 1 No infection 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 9 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) Seed Maturity International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet SeedMaturity All older and younger leaves wilting or dead (Infection 100%) 9 3 weak No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 Sugar_beet ontology Fodder_beet ontology Bolters Counting BOLC Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 7 susceptible DM/HA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Yield A few spots in the plot (Infection 2%) 2 Spots on most leaves easely visible (around 75-100 spots)(Infection 5%) 3 multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering >95% of root surface 5 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (> 100 pots and rust spores starting to develop)(Infection 10%) Daphné Verdelet Root Aphids [1-4] ROOTAPHID GRIN Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 1 Very weak Gen Ap 1 No infection Tip Width Mean Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet TWI M no nymphs or adults present 1 8 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) 1 Empty 4 Slight infection (± 10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 5 Slight stunting, severe leaf curling; less than half of the upper leaf surface visible due to curling; most of the larger leaves still erect - Majority of plants with Score = 5 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet TECHLGT Technical Length 5 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) - 95% dead plants 3 bolting resistant 3 10 totally touched leaf 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 1 No infection (100% plant stand) Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 9 Plant dead - Majority of plants with Score = 9 highly susceptible 1 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) 3 Some plants with totally yellow leaves (>20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 5 susceptible 2 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 5 intermediate Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 5 Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) 5 First coealescing spots on one or two (old) leaves (Infection 20%) 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) 9 0 absent 3 resistant 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) Single plants with slight yellowing (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) 2 0 Glabrous - hairs completely absent Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet FIEMERQUAL Field Emergence Quality 10 totally touched leaf 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched Strong 7 very resistant 1 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) > 8 cm 5 3 Only a few plants show yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a few yellow plants (Infection 5%) 5 First coalescing spots on one or twi leaves (Infection 20%) Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 light green 3 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 1 little Daphné Verdelet Curly Top Virus Curly Top GRIN/Florimond Desprez CTOP 4 Most leaves moderately curling; more than half of the upper surface of the leaf visible - Majority of plants with Score = 4 5 very homogeneous Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 1 No infection 1 present 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 2 - 4 cm 2 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 5 3 spotted yellow 3 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Spots on one or two leaves (around 25-50 spots)(Infection 2%) 2 4 Distinct yellow spots on most leaves but not many brown necrotic spots (Infection 10%) 3 Orange 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering 50 to 95% of root surface 4 strong damages 4 Strong 7 highly tolerant 5 Multigerm (2-4) 3 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 9 higly susceptible 7 dark Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) - 80% dead plants 7 1 No infection (100% plant stand) tender 3 4 Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) Strong 7 0 Immune 11 leaf from regrowth 6 All plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 40%) resistant 3 intermediate narrow oblong 5 2 Pink No deficiency 5 11 leaf from regrowth 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 Distinct large brown necrotic sppots on most leaves + start coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 6 - 8 cm 4 Narrow triangular 6 GRIN Petiole Width - Minimum PETWIDMIN Daphné Verdelet intermediate 5 resistant 3 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 1 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched No infection (100% plant stand) 1 1 No plant with symptoms (Infection 0%) 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 8 Only a few green leaves - Plot looks dominantly yellow (>80% plants with symptoms)(Infection 80%) 2 Almost no infection (few plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) Orange 5 3 intermediate vigor 2 Semi-fertile, more or less dehiscent anthers 1 very little healthy 0 susceptible 2 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 > 15 cm 11 - 13 cm 4 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched acronym 9 Entire defoliation - caution : regrowth !!! (Infection 100%) 2 Elliptic 9 Entire defoliation (caution : regrowth !!!) (Infection 100%) 5 Medium 9 Pink No infection (100% plant stand) 1 nymphs present, mant adults present 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) - 35% dead plants 4 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) partly monogerm /partly multigerm 2 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched 5 intermediate healthy 0 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 6 Biomass Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 non damaged 1 rosette stadium 1 3 intermediate stay green Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed (Old leaves starting wilting)(Infection 60%) 7 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 4 Highly multigerm (>5) high 7 Plants only have green leaves - Plot looks 100% green (Infection 0%) 1 higly susceptible 9 2 wounded 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 10 totally touched leaf No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 2 Monogerm and multigerm mixed 3 low intermediate 3 9 All plants have yellow leaves, none have green leaves _ Plot colour dominantly yellow (Infection 100%) 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) very hard 9 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) 9 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCENTI and SPNBPLSYCENTI SPNBPLTOCENTI method Measurement of Tip Width Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average width of broken apical part Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit Root Invert sugar content in root Sugar content Estimation of Rhizomania Rhizomania Susceptibility to Rhizomania - 1st, 2nd and 3rd notation Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Computation of rotten net gravity Spring / Emergence Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYBLLEG method Countind of frozen beets Observe the plants per plot under frost condition and count the number of frozen beets Measurement of embryo sp diameter Embryo sp diameter measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the perisperm Perisperm Shape Perisperm Absent/Present Rhizomania Yellowing susceptibility scale Susceptibility Rhizoctonia solani Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia solani Susceptibility to root rot due to Rhizoctonia solani Seedling disease Soil fungal disease Susceptibility Susceptibility to seedling disease Evaluation of root damages visually. Wounded referes to significant mass loss. Bruised referes to scratched surface, visible crack with no mass loss. Wounded and bruised are both Observation of Type Of Root Damage Measurement of the abnormal seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerulus is abnormal either by an embryonic malformation or by a perisperm defect . The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Observation of general appearance of the plot Scoring the general appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Number of plants with cercospora leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (if no treatment - If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Hypocotyl Growth rate Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Hypocotyl lengthening speed Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Measurement of cotyledon surface area Root Potassium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of potassium content of beet mush Soil effect Soil Effect Heterogeneity of growth due to soil structure or soil depth cm Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root herself Measurement of weight of Root Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Cover Green vegetation cover Green vegetation Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing virus Susceptibility to beet mild yellowing Virus Susceptibility Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Observation of lifeform Life form of the accession Counting of blate pits Number of blate pits due to mangod fly with indication of maggot presence or not per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Percentage of bolters Dry matter content Dry matter content in root Root Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Cercospora Beticola susceptibility scale Leaf Fungal disease - Powdery Mildew Damage by powdery mildew Damage by powdery mildew Mean Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility scale SPNBPLTOWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESWHGR and SPNBPLSYWHGR Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR Susceptibility to Violet Root [Helicobasidium purpureum] Observation of violet root rot susceptibility Surface flatness measures how flat is the surface of seed coat Computation of seed coat flatness index Root Width Beet width Maximal diameter Percentage of empty seeds in a sample Seed Empty Empty seed Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh, measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Computation of the thicknesses of the seed coat mesh Sugar content Sugar content in root Quality index with invert sugar Root Temperature Cotyledon Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature Cotyledon temperature Estimation of matter content predicted with FT-NIR Soluble dry matter content predicted with FT-NIR on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample Cuticle thickness Thickness Leaf cuticle Thickness of leaf cuticle Computation of white sugar yield White sugar yield calculated in t/ha. Color Flesh Flesh color Main color of flesh AUDPC : Under curve area of RUST gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of RUST Petiole Width Minimum petiole width among plants Petiole width AUDPC of SBR AUDPC : Under curve area of SBR gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Net yield Productivity - Root net yield Root Root net yield calculated Potassium content Root potassium content Potassium content in root Root Number of green apterous aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of green apterous aphids Beet length Beet length between top and tail Root Length Leaf Betacyanin Pattern scale Computation of Seedling Growth Base Temperature Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Width Root width Root Measurement of the average root width Bolting plant Number of bolting plants for thousand plants after sowing Bolting plant number Number Damage by sugar beet rust Damage by sugar beet rust Fungal disease - Sugar beet rust Leaf Volume of the embryo measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of the embryo volume Fungal disease - Ramularia beticola Ramularia beticola Susceptibility Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Surface characterization of the Seed Coat Computation of the rugosity index of the seed coat Standard deviation of the external surface area of the perisperm Perisperm Perisperm area Area Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Observation of Verticillium wilt susceptibility Position Root Beet position in soil Part of the root which exceeds the soil Measurement of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when harvesting single plants Observation of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when In Soil Measurement of seed volume Total volume of the seed measured in cubic millimeter (mm3) Soluble dry matter content measured on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample with a refractometer - In °Brix Measurement of dry Matter Content Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Measurement of radicle lengthening speed Mean minimum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole length among Length Minimum mm/h Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot due to Stemphylium beticola Estimation of Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight Soil Productivity - Soil proportion in raw beet weight Proportion Pests - Phemphigus betae Susceptibility Susceptibility to root aphids Root aphids Sugar content (saccharin) of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Measurement of sugar content of beet mush Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root length Measurement of Mean Root Length Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility Fungal disease - Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility to violet root due to Helicobasidium purpureum End Use scale Number of spider mites on plants Number Spider mites Pests - Spider mites Life form scale Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Red Beets Ring Color scale Flesh Coarness scale Quantity of chlorophyll in canopy Chlorophyll quantity in leaf (in microgram/cm² of leaf) calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery White sugar content in root White sugar content in the root White sugar content Root Susceptibility to Rust (Uromyces betae) at plot level - 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th notation Estimation of Rust Susceptibility The length of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Measurement of embryo length Observation of foliar damages by phytoproducts Scoring of foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Green vegetation cover (FCOVER) evolution Cover Green vegetation AUPC of green vegetation cover Computation of germination Base Temperature Temperature threshold value under which germination does not occur High Temperatures Suceptibility scale Determination of the average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Color Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the maximal diameter Measurement of Beet Width Max Observe the growth of plants per plot and rate the heterogeneity due to soil structure or soil depth Estimation of soil effect Measurement of Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Rotten parts of beets are cut and weighed together Estimation of Black Foliar Ratings Susceptibility to Black Foliar [Aphanomyces cochliodes]. Measurement of Content of betacyanin in the beet None % SPNBPLSYGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors White Beets Seed coat rugosity index Rugosity index Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the seed coat Seed coat Hypocotyl Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature Hypocotyl temperature Temperature mm Phytoproducts damages scale Length Measurement of the average root length Root length Root Leaf blade Average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Color Leaf blade color SPNBPLSYMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Observation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern None Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility to root maggot due to Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility Pests - Tetanops myopaeformis Number of plants doubled at field emergence : if 2 plants are spaced less than 0.5 * normal distance between 2 seeds - counted at 200°Cd after sowing Counting of Double Plant At Field Emergence Counting of wireworms Count of wireworms in a parcel Susceptibility Erwinia Betavasculorum Susceptibility to root rot due to Erwinia Betavasculorum Bacterial disease - Erwinia Betavasculorum Juice Juice purity of a brei sample representative from the whole plot Juice purity Purity Root tip Width Tip width Measurement of the average width of broken apical part None Observation of seed maturity count unit Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Number of rotten beets on samples of 160 beets break down to percentage Damping-off complex scale SPNBPLSYSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SUMNBCOSPMI method Summer Number of spider mites on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Root color below ground of a group of single plants Observation of below ground of a group Root Color Number of plant Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms Pests - Aphanomyces black leg Aphanomyces black leg symptoms Estimation of Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola - 1st and 2nd notation Viral disease - Curly top virus Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Curly top Susceptibility Hour of germination at 10°C in Eloncam Measurement of germination hour in Eloncam Number Thrips Number of thrips on plants Pests - Thrips Ratio Flowering time Stages of seed bearer flowering Plant Flowering time Downy Mildew Susceptibility scale Measurement of Stem Diameter Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Absent/Present beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBMYV method Root aphids susceptibility scale 1 Rhizomania Susceptibility Susceptibility to Rhizomania Viral disease - Rhizomania Ring color Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Color Root ring Estimation of Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility Susceptibility to Sclerotium root rot Susceptibility Fungal disease - Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Macrophomina Phaseolina Shape Seed coat Seed coat Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the seed coat Determination of the average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Glossiness index Seed coat Length Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the seed coat Seed coat Sphere Diameter Weight of beets after sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Measurement of weight Of Beets After Sorting Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Beet Chlorosis Virus Viral disease - Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility Leaf hairiness Hairiness Presence of hairiness of leaf surface Leaf °Cdays Number of blinkers at level plot due to sensitive plant to rhizomania Counting of blinkers Beet Cyst Nematode Susceptibility scale Counting the number of trigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of trigerm seeds Determination of the percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds Free fructose content of root measured Root Fructose content in root Fructose content Stemphylium beticola susceptibility scale Invert sugar content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Estimation of content predicted by FT-NIR method_of External surface area of the hole seed measured Seed Seed area Area Measurement of width Leaf Stalk Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk width Number Bolting plant Total Bolting plant count Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Spring / Emergence Number of plant with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYVOLE method Susceptibility to Rhizoctonia root rot Estimation of Rhizoctonia Solani Susceptibility Scale for Presence Of Embryo Weight of beets after washing for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Washing Non Pink beet number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Number Non Pink beet Observation of Root Aphids susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Aphids Germity scale Heat stress tolerance HeatTol Growth of plants under heat condition and rate the tolerance Plant Heat stress tolerance Measurement of perisperm sp diameter Perisperm sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of Beet Diameter Maximum diameter of single beet Bolting plant Number Count of bolting plants for a whole plot Bolting plant count Estimation of Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Foliar surface touched by ramularia leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Embryo area Area Embryo Standard deviation of the external surface area of the embryo SPSHS method Absent/Present beets having symptoms due to Heterodera Schachtii - confirmed by cysts on radicles - evaluated regularly on plants between start of july and end of september Susceptibility Verticillium wilt Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Fungal disease - Verticillium Pseudomonas aptata scale Volume Perisperm Perisperm volume Standard deviation of the volume of the perisperm Sum of Free Fructose and Glucose (g/100g Fresh matter) Computation of Free Fructose and Glucose Plant Plant ploidy level Determination of ploidy level Ploidy LAI AUPC of leaf area index Leaf Leaf area index (LAI) evolution Area index Estimation of magnesium deficiency Observe the Magnesium Deficiency 1 + Alter, Magnesium Deficiency 2 + Alter Average of leaf position on a group of single plants Position Leaf position Leaf Pests - Ditylenchus dipsaci Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci Susceptibility Ditylenchus dipsaci Ditylenchus Dipsaci susceptibility scale Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Number of plants with ramularia leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Root height Measurement of the average 'green above ground part' Height Root SPSRCRR method Absent/Present beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot - evaluated at the end of summer SPNBPLTOMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESMILL and SPNBPLSYMILL Beet Shape scale Blistering scale The volume of the empty space in the seed measured in mm3 Measurement of the volume of the empty space in the seed Chlorophyll content Leaf AUPC Chlorophyll Chlorophyll content evolution Standard deviation of the seed coat width Seed coat width Width Seed coat Type Of Beet scale Fructose and glucose content Fructose and glucose content in root Root Free fructose and glucose onfresh matter Embryo Width Embryo width Standard deviation of the embryo width SUMNBPLTOLEMO method Summer Number of leaf tunnels due to moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Leaf blade length on a group of single plants Leaf blade length Length Leaf blade Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESNOMO and SPNBPLSYNOMO SPNBPLTONOMO method Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of perisperm shape Computation of rotten gross gravity Weight of rotten beets parts relative to gross weight of beets SPNBPLDESPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by pygmy beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Sucrose content measured by polarimetry on Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Percentage of Sugar Content Fusarium Vascular disease - Fusarium Susceptibility to Fusarium Susceptibility Fusarium Susceptibility scale Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility Fungal disease - Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility to black root due to Aphanomyces cochlioides Scale for Seedling Betacyanin Content Plot Weight Productivity - Weight Of Beets Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Betaine content in root Root Betaine content by FT-NIR Betaine content Leaf area index (LAI) Area index Leaf Leaf area index (LAI) evaluated by NIRS LAI Pests - Stem nematode Number of plant Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms Stem nematode symptoms Volume of the perisperm measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of the perisperm volume Determination of the beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Observation of Bolting Start Weight of beets before sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves around 15th of May, 25th of May and 06th of June - using a photography vertically taken Computation of Ground Cover Rate Root Productivity - Root gross yield Gross yield Root gross yield Number of black aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of black aphids Counting the number of genetic twins seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of twins Determination of the percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Root gross yield calculated in t/ha Computation of root gross yield The maximum thickness of all the measured points on the seed coat in millimeters (mm) Measurement of the maximum thicknes of the seed coat Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by centipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESCENTI method Summer Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCONOMO method Automatic detection of the presence of embryo. Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 2D X-Ray. Measurement of the presence of embryo Pests - Slugs Slug symptoms Number of plant Number of plant with slug symptoms Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Percentage Bolting plant Bolting percentage Measurement of the average root groove Smoothness Root Smoothness Productivity - Beet weight Weight Weight of a single beet without leaves Root Length Embryo Embryo Sphere Diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the embryo Pests - Moth Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth Number of plant Intern crown eroded Evaluation of topping quality visually Topping Quality Productivity - Topping quality Counting of blate pits Pests - Pegomyia betae Number Blate pits Scale for Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Observation of Root Shape Root shape in longitudinal section Viral disease - Beet western Root Beets touched by beet western Beet western Susceptibility to Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Estimation of Beet Yellowing Virus Mesasurement of seed mass Individual seed mass Leaf Glossiness scale Root Size Beet size as the ratio of max on min beet width Beet size Spring / Emergence Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYCF method Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Stem Stem diameter Diameter unitless Volume Standard deviation of the volume of the embryo Embryo Embryo volume None undefined Pests - Pygmy beetle Pygmy beetle symptoms Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms Number of plant Computation of white sugar content in the root Percentage of white sugar in the root at plot scale scale_of Root Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Susceptibility Fungal disease - Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Susceptibility to downy mildew due to Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Root Rot Susceptibility scale Measurement of cotyledon temperature Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Absent/Present beets touched by beet western - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBW method Estimation of Black Aphanomyces Cochlioides Susceptibility to Black Root (Aphanomyces cochliodes). kg Pests - Centipede Centipede symptoms Number of plant Number of plant with centipede symptoms Counting of hors Orange Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of green apterous aphids Number Green apterous aphids Pests - Green aphid External surface area of the seed coat measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the seed coat Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by white grub on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESWHGR method Fungal disease - Erysiphe betae Erysiphe Susceptibility to Erysiphe Susceptibility Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Estimation of green pixels An Area Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade ratio Ratio Leaf blade Quantity of nitrogen in leaves - measured in laboratory Measurement of nitrogen in leaves Seedling Seedling Betacyanin Content Betacyanin content Betacyanin content in seed Rust Gravity Rust gravity evolution Fungal disease - Rust Weight of a single beet without leaves Measurement of beet weight SPNBPLTOVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESVOLE and SPNBPLSYVOLE Mesure of germinating power Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Leaf stalk width Leaf stalk Leaf stalk width on a group of single plants Width Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root neck Measurement of weight of Root Neck Susceptibility to Rhizomania scored by the yellowing of the canopy; 0 is none and 9 is most yellowing. Observation of Rhizomania susceptibility Measurement of seed coat width The width of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) The width of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Measurement of embryo width Length Cotyledon length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth Cotyledon Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers Number of plant Pests - Leaf hoppers Leaf hoppers Seed Germination time Germination time Grain germination time mg Standard deviation of the maximum thickness of the seed coat Seed coat maximum thickness Seed coat Thickness Estimation of manganese deficiency Observe the Manganese Deficiency Leaf Damage by Ramularia Damage by Ramularia Fungal disease - Ramularia Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight - calculated on 5 samples of 100 beets Computation of Soil Tare Evaluation Measurement of the importance of branched beet Branched beet Root Branched Maturity Seed maturity Seed None Free Glucose content of root measured on frozen brei sample (g/100g Fresh matter) by HPLC Measurement of free Glucose content by HPLC Estimating the percentage of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed in % Computation of seed's filling ratio Leaf Regrowth scale Percentage of beets not much broken Broken Broken beets Root Leaf regrowth Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Regrowth Leaf Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content measured by refractometer Computation of dry matter yield Scale for Stand Homogeneity Evaluation of root damages visually Damange Root Root damage Observation of flowering time Stages of seed bearer flowering Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average 'green above ground part' Measurement of top Height Mean Observation of Leaf Height Determination of the plant height on a group of single plants Measurement of Beet Top Diameter Diameter of single beet top Susceptibility to beet cyst nematode due to Heterodera schachtii Susceptibility Heterodera schachtii Pests - Heterodera Schachtii Wilting scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by game on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESGAME method mm3 Diameter Embryo equivalent diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the embryo Embryo Classification of root by maximum diameter Class of the maximum diameter of single beet in cm Computation of root net yield Root net yield calculated in t/ha SPNBPLTOGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESGAME and SPNBPLSYGAME Leaf Position scale Fasciation Cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster Inflorescence cluster fasciation Root Color Root color Root color below ground of a group of single plants Drought Stress scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYWHGR method Measurement of the normal seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule has only a single embryo and a perisperm without any malformation or defects. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of Size Grade Seed size measured using sieves Pests - Root aphids Susceptibility to root aphids Susceptibility Root aphids Measurement of glucose content of beet mush glucose of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Estimation of early vigor Observe the vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Measurement of weight of leaves Evaluation of the average plant stay green Evaluation of the average plant stay green Seed coat lenght Length Seed coat Standard deviation of the seed coat length Susceptibility to Root Aphids Estimation of root aphids susceptibility Productivity - Plant stay green Greeness Evaluation of the average plant stay green Plant Estimation of Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity Foliar surface touched by cercospora leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization /quantity of extractable sugar - Formula without Invert sugar (glucose) Computation of quality index without Invert Sugar Computation of Potassium and Sodium content Sum of Potassium and Sodium content in the root Perisperm Perisperm sphericity index Sphericity index Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the perisperm Pests - Noctuid moth caterpillars Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants Number Noctuid moth caterpillars Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Cercospora nests Fungal disease - Cercospora Presence Beet roundness Beet roundness Roundness Root Root Shape Root shape in longitudinal section Root shape Summer Number of beet leaf bug on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOBLB method SPNBPLTOPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESPYBE and SPNBPLSYPYBE Violet Root Rot susceptibility scale Dry matter content of leaves Dry matter content Total dry matter content of leaves Leaf Presence Automatic detection of the presence of embryo Presence of embryo Embryo Determination of juice purity Estimation of juice purity from the 'Wieniger & Kubadinov' formula based on impurity (K, Na and Alpha-N) and sucrose contents Beet length between top and tail Measurement of Technical Length Leaf Color scale Number of slugs on 0.25 sqm using traps - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Counting of Slugs Before Sowing Productivity - Plant productivity Plot population Population Plot Leaf Loss Loss of leaves (LAI) Loss of leaves due to water stress : reference measure based on an image to evaluate total foliar surface Measurement of Mean Root Width Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root width Estimation of flesh coarness None Measurement of the seed coat volume Volume of the seed coat measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of chlorophyll in leaves Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves - measured in laboratory Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Yellow beet number Number Non Yellow beet Phemphigus betae susceptibility scale Measurement of sodium content of beet mush Root Sodium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Observation of Color of petiole Observation of Color of petiole Standard deviation of the volume of the seed coat Seed coat Seed coat volume Volume t/ha Cuticle Thickness scale Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Number of plants with sugar beet rust pustules - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Root Shape scale Observation of blistering Visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants (whole microplot) of the leaf blade Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Measurement of on early germination Rate Petiole Color scale SPNBPLSYCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves ‰ Phoma Betae Susceptibility scale Seed Bearer Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Flowering pattern SPNBPLSYFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Susceptibility to Phoma betae Fungal disease - Phoma betae Susceptibility Phoma betae Flowering pattern within plants Observation of flowering pattern within plants Under progress curve area of Chlorophyll content evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of Chlorophyll Pests - Crane-fly Number of plant Crane-fly symptoms Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms Leaf Weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Weight Leaf weight The width of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Measurement of perisperm width Observation of flowering pattern between plants Flowering pattern between plants Seed Shattering Seed shattering None Beet Mild Yellowing Virus susceptibility scale Root Rot Erwinia scale Measurement of soil humidity Soil Humidity Soil Humidity Weight of beets after soil removal for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal SPSRH method Absent/Present beets having rhizopus symptoms - evaluated at the end of summer SPNBPLTOFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESFLBE and SPNBPLSYFLBE Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Observation of Leaf Regrowth Measurement of seed coat shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Root aphids susceptibility scale 2 Summer Number of plants with blates touched by spider mites - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLLESPMI method Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOBLB method Susceptibility to rust due to Uromyces betae Susceptibility Uromyces betae Fungal disease - Uromyces betae Computation of embryo equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the embryo Observation of Bract Distribution Description of the importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Standard deviation of the shape factor of the embryo Embryo Shape Embryo Shape Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh Seed coat thickness Thickness Seed coat Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Stem Number Stem number Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Observation of rings color Measurement of embryo shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Counting of leafs None Flatness Standard deviation of the flat surface of the seed coat Seed coat flatness Seed coat h Calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery (in m²/m²) Evaluation of total foliar surface Hypocotyl Color scale A measure of how closely the shape of the perisperm resembles that of a perfect sphere Computation of the sphericity index of the perisperm Counting of Dead Plants Number of dead plants for a whole plot SPNBPLSYSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Number of crane-flies on 0.25 sqm using traps with bait - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Counting of Crane-fly Before Sowing SUMNBPLTONOMO method Summer Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SPNBPLDESFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by striped flea beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Seed quality Percentage of trigerm seeds in a seed sample Trigerm Seed Number of rotten beets Rotten beet number Rotten root Number Beet Yellows Virus Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Viral disease - Beet yellows virus Susceptibility Leaf Betacyanin content Leaf betacyanin pattern Evaluation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Measurement of Top Thickness Height of top of the beet Non White beet number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Number Non White beet Pests - Wireworms Number Wireworms Counting of wireworms Black aphids Number Pests - Black aphid Counting of black aphids Leaf chlorophyll quantity Canopy Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves Chlorophyll content Evaluation of flesh coarness Flesh Flesh coarness Coarness Shape Embryo Embryo feret shape Standard deviation of the diameter of the embryo corresponds to the maximum extent in a given direction Embryo shape characterisation index Computation of feret shape value of the embryo Leaf stalk length on a group of single plants Length Leaf stalk Leaf stalk length SPNBPLSYPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Observation of Stem Color Color of the inflorescence stem Potassium and sodium content in the root Potassium and sodium content in root Potassium and sodium content Root Plant Number Plant population after sowing Number of plants after sowing AUDPC of CLS AUDPC : Under curve area of CLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) °C Observation of the plant wilting Observe the plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress at plot scale Magnesium deficiency Estimation of magnesium deficiency Magnesium deficiency Leaf Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by top Measurement of weight Of Top Measurement of radicle length Measurement of radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C in Eloncam Counting of hors Yellow-Orange Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Root Color scale Seed Measurement of seed spacing Seed spacing Distance Seed volume Seed Volume Total volume of the seed measured Flesh Color scale Perforated leaves Number of plant Pests - Noctuid moth Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth Seedling Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Seedling growth Growth Counting of hors Pink Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Height of top of the beet Thickness Top beet thickness Top root Leaf blade Blistering Observation Observation of the leaf blade Hairiness scale A measure of how closely the shape of the embryo resembles that of a perfect sphere Computation of the sphericity index of the embryo Summer Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOLEH method m²/m² External surface area of the hole seed measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of seed Surface Area g/m² leaf Observation of beet shape None Percentage of monogerm seeds Counting the number of monogerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of monogerm seeds Visual inspection to observe if two embryo present in a single glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the bigerm seed Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves Ground coverage Leaf Ground coverage by plant leaves Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by crane-fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESCF method Estimation of Yellows Virus Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Number Viral disease - Blinkers Counting of blinkers Blinkers Scale for Type Of Root Damage Productivity - Root gross weight Root Weight Root gross weight Root Beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia Rhizoctonia symptoms Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Red beet Non Red beet number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Number Non Yellow-orange beet Non Yellow-orange beet number Leaf wilting under drought stress Drought stress Drought stress susceptibility Leaf Powdery Mildew Gravity scale Determination of the percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Counting the number of plantlets with green hypocotyl after germinating test of a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of green hypocotyl The ratio of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed Seed Filling rate Seed filling ratio Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Orange beet number Non Orange beet First, second, third and fourth count of bolting plants for a whole plot Counting of bolters Root Single beet weight constituted by top Root weight Weight Male Sterility scale Scale for Flowering Pattern between plants Glucose content in root Glucose content Glucose content of beet mush Root Topping quality scale Root Maggot susceptibility scale Leaf Height scale Observation of Cuticle Thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle (consult with IIRB) Observation of Erwinia rot susceptibility Susceptibility to Erwinia Rot Number of plants with powdery mildew spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew Number Number of beets with topping class Topped root Topped beet number SPNBPLDESMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by millipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk length Measurement of length Leaf Stalk Susceptibility to seedling disease due to soil-borne fungi (Aphanomyces cochlioides, R. solani, Pythium spp., Phoma betae) Damping-off complex Multigermicity scale Susceptibility to yellow leaf spot due to Stemphylium beticola Fungal disease - Stemphylium beticola Stemphylium beticola Susceptibility Measurement of mutigermicity Visual inspection to observe wether one, two or more glomerules are sticked together into one glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola Cercospora beticola Fungal disease - Cercospora Beticola Susceptibility Game symptoms Pests - Game Number of plant with game symptoms Number of plant Germination rate Seed Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Early germination rate Root net weight / microplot in kg/ha Measurement of net weight Estimation of Beet Cyst Heterodera Schachtii Susceptability to Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii) Importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Flower bract Distribution Bract distribution Summer Number of striped flea beetle on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOSFB method Fungal disease - Sclerotium rolfsii Susceptibility Sclerotium rolfsii Susceptibility to root rot due to Sclerotium rolfsii Charcoal Root Rot susceptibility scale Computation of Mean Germination Time Calculated as: Σ (n T)/ Σ n, where n = number of seeds newly germinated at time T; T = hours from the beginning of the germination test, Σ n = final germination. Susceptibility to Erysiphe - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Estimation of Susceptibility to Erysiphe Embryo length Length Embryo Standard deviation of the embryo length Bract Distribution Scale Estimation of Fusarium Susceptibility Susceptibility to Fusarium - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Computation of field emergence quality Integral of the logistic curve using the population countings at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd Estimation of Ditylenchus dipsaci susceptibility Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci - plot-basis score based on the number of root presenting symptoms (stunting, swelling and rotting) Total number of bolting plants Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Measurement of seed spacing Mean spacing between seeds measured on a line of 10 seeds Productivity - Leaf fresh matter yield Total fresh matter yield of leaves Leaf Fresh matter yield Estimation of heat tolerance Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the diameter located at the half of the root under the max diameter Measurement of Beet Width Half Observation of the Flowering End Date of the seed bearer flowering end Measurement of width Leaf blade Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade width Measurement of free Fructose content Free Fructose content of root measured on brei (g/100g Fresh matter) Radicle temperature Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature Radicle Temperature SUMNBPLTOMF method Summer Number of blate pits due to mangol fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Leaf blade width on a group of single plants Width Leaf blade Leaf blade width Sugar content of beet predicted by a NIRS Estimation of Sugar content of beet Classification of root by diameter Class of the diameter of the root at the point of break in cm for single beet Sugar Beet Rust Gravity scale Germinating power Germination rate Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Seed Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Beets having rhizopus symptoms Fungal disease - Rhizopus Rhizopus symptoms Root Summer Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOCRMO method Computation of perisperm equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the perisperm Bolting Bolting start time Start time Beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Sphericity index Embryo sphericity index Embryo Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the embryo Scale for Maximum Beet Diameter Class Summer Number of mangol flies on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOMF method White sugar Productivity - White sugar yield White sugar yield calculated Yield Observation of Root Aphid susceptibility Susceptibility to root aphid scoring at harvest presence of aphid colonies on the outside of the beet root in combination with presence of wax using the Hutchinson and Campbell disease scoring scale Counting of millipede guttulatus Count of millipede in a parcel Computation of quality index with Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization / quantity of extractable sugar - Formula including Invert sugar (glucose) Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape Seed size Seed Size Seed Shattering scale Erysiphe betae susceptibility scale Mesurement of Betaine content by HPLC Betaine content mesured by HPLC on frozen brei sample SPNBPLTOCF method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCF and SPNBPLSYCF Topping Quality Evaluation of topping quality visually, 1 and 2 are undertopped, 3 and 4 are well topped and 5 and 6 are overtopped AUDPC of RLS AUDPC : Under curve area of RLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by aphanomyces black leg on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESBLLEG method Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content predicted by FT-NIR Estimation of dry matter yield Counting of Stem Number Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Observation General appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Plot Fungal disease - General scoring Sugar yield Beet sugar yield Productivity - Beet sugar yield Root Abnormal Seed Percentage of abnormal seeds in a sample Abnormal seed Pests - Mangold fly Mangol flies Number Number of mangol flies on plants Computation of sugar yield Sugar yield calculated in t/ha Perisperm Perisperm equivalent diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the persiperm Diameter Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESNOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYNOMO method Millipede guttulatus Counting of millipede guttulatus Number Pests - Blaniulus guttulatus Cumulative thermal time to reach 50% of germination Sum of daily mean temperature minus the base threshold value (germination base temperature Tbgerm) which is necessary from sowing to reach fifty percent germination. Score of Susceptibility to Rust Measurement of Smoothness Score Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root groove - The closer the number is to 9, the smoother the root is Plant height on a group of single plants Height Leaf Leaf height SUMNBCOMO method Summer Number of moth on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Flowering start time Plant Flowering start time Date of the seed bearer flowering start Pests - Millipede Number of plant Millipede symptoms Number of plant with AB217 symptoms Measurement of the empty seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule is empty and therefore does not contain an organ. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Mean maximum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole width among Width Maximum SPNBPLTOSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSLUG and SPNBPLSYSLUG Hypocotyl color Hypocotyl pigmentation Color Hypocotyl Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae Observation of Polymyxa betae susceptibility Area Seed coat area Standard deviation of the external surface area of the seed coat Seed coat Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Yellow Beets Hairiness of leaf surface Observation of Hairiness of leaf surface Estimation of drought stress susceptibility Score leaf wilting per plot under drought stress Productivity - Root net weight Root Root net weight Weight General growth type and/or use type Plant Productivity - Plant target use Use Date Field emergence quality Plant Emergence quality Computation of field emergence quality Measurement of hypocotyl lengthening speed Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Computation of the roundness average by the ratio Length / Width 1/2 after max (measured in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - Higher the ratio is, less round the beet is. Computation of Beet Roundness Mean Petiole Color Petiole color Color of petiole Aphanomyces cochlioides susceptibility scale Presence of Cercospora nests Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis SUMNBCOTHR method Summer Number of thrips on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Mineral Deficiency scale Radicle length 7 days after the seed germination Length Radicle Radicle length Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity scale Rotten root Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Proportion Productivity - Rotten gravity Stem Color Color of the inflorescence stem Stem color Stem Color scale Date of the seed bearer flowering end Plant Flowering end time Flowering end time Hypocotyl pigmentation Observation of Hypocotyl pigmentation Aphanomyces Root Rot susceptibility scale Computation to estimate seed size Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Pests - Vole Number of plant with vole symptoms Number of plant Vole symptoms Length Perisperm lenght Standard deviation of the perisperm length Perisperm None Observation of seed shattering Computation of Ratio Length / Width of leaf blade Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Estimation of Chlorosis Virus Seed coat Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the seed coat Diameter Seed coat equivalent diameter Measurement of petiole length among Length Maximum Mean maximum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). variable_of Degree of male sterility Male fertility Male flower Sterility Beet Yellows Virus scale Beet diameter Diameter Root Class of the maximum diameter of single beet Shape Root Beet shape Shape of the beet Mutigermicity Grain germination Germination Seed Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity scale g/100g of fresh matter Branched Beet scale Individual seed mass Seed mass Mass Seed SPTBYV method Absent/Present beets touched by beet yellow virus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september Counting of number of plant after sowing Number of plants / parcel counted at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd thermal time after sowing Minimum petiole length among plants Petiole Length Petiole length Measurement of Final Rate Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Number of plant Pests - Beet leaf bug Leaves stinged Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug Estimation of Inflorescence cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster fasciation Measurement of Soil Humidity Humidity of soil in % Importance Measurement of the importance of the crown Crown importance Crown Productivity - Root dry matter yield Root dry matter yield estimated by FT-NIR Root Dry matter yield Weight of beets before soil removal for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Measurement of alpha-amino nitrogen content of beet mush Root alpha-amino nitrogen content measured by Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Plant life cycle state Plant Plant life forme (ie life cycle) state : annual, biannual, perenial… Life form Determination of the average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Undulation AUPC of LAI Under progress curve area of LAI evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures Computation of Radicle Temperature Delta Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Spring Plan population 400°Cd after sowing Spring population Population mm² Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by slug on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESSLUG method Observation of root maggot using de Lee Campbell Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility to root maggot using de Lee Campbell disease scoring scale Population Plot Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Stand homogeneity Measurement of area of the embryo External surface area of the embryo measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Estimation of Pseudomonas aptata susceptibility Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Degree of male sterility Degree of male sterility Alpha-amino nitrogen content in root Root Root alpha-amino nitrogen content Alpha-amino nitrogen content Scale for Stay green Number of beets with break diameter less or equal to 2 cm relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Computation of Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Measurement of seed coat length The length of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Observation of the Flowering Start Date of the seed bearer flowering start Leaf Leaf number Number Number of leaves Perisperm SpDiameter Perisperm Length Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the perisperm Striped flea beetle Number Number of striped flea beetle on plants Pests - Striped flea beetle Fungal disease - Polymyxa betae Polymyxa betae Susceptibility to root rot due to Polymyxa betae Susceptibility Early vigor Vigor Plant Vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Root sodium content Sodium content Sodium content in root Root Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Dry matter predicted by a NIRS Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Computation of Hypocotyl Temperature Delta Volume Standard deviation of the volume of the empty space in the seed Empty space volume Empty space Early vigor scale µg/cm² leaf Leaf Phytoproduct damage Foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Phytoproducts damage Seed coat sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of seed coat sp diameter External surface area of the perisperm measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the perisperm Flowering Time scale AUDPC of PM AUDPC : Under curve area of PM gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Washing Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Seed Percentage of normal seeds in a sample Normal Normal seed Ratio Max Width / Width 1/2 after max (meausred in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - High = cylindric beet; Low = conical beet Computation of Beet Size Mean Pests - Root maggot Susceptibility Susceptibility to root maggot Root maggot Time of the germination of the seed Germination time Seed Germination time Tetanops myopaeformis susceptibility scale Counting the number of bigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of bigerm seeds Determination of the percentage of Bigerme In Seeds Observation of Root Maggot susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Maggot Measurement of matter Matter Content Total dry matter content of leaves Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Radicle Growth rate Radicle lengthening speed Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade length Measurement of lenght Leaf Blade Bigerm seed Bigerm Seed Percentage of bigerm seeds in a seed sample Susceptibility Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Bacterial disease - Pseudomonas aptata Pseudomonas aptata The length of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Measurement of perisperm length Foliar surface touched by sugar beet rust evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Number of plant with white grub symptoms Number of plant Pests - White grub White grub symptoms Scale for Flowering Pattern within plants Evaluation of LAI Evaluation of LAI loss : 0 if no loss to -1 if 100% loss Foliar surface touched by powdery mildew evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Powdery Mildew Gravity Measurement of French Top Mean Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of the crown - The higher the number is, the more the crown tare is. Double plant Count the number of double plants at field emergence Number Double plant number Observation of Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Counting of bolting plant Number of bolting plants for thousand plants at 1500°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2500°Cd and 3000°Cd after sowing Rotten beet weight Productivity - Rotten beet weight Weight Rotten root Observation of leaf position Determination of the average of leaf position on a group of single plants Counting the number of plants in a plot Counting Observation of Main color of flesh Observation of Main color of flesh Quantity of nitrogen in canopy - predicted using a NIRS Quantity of nitrogen in canopy Susceptibility to Phoma betae Estimation of Susceptibility to Phoma betae Germination final rate Seed Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Germination rate Scale for Beet Position In Soil Cotyledon area Cotyledon Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth Area Time of reach x% of germination Time to reach x% of the total number of seeds, x = 10 to 90 Ramularia beticola susceptibility scale Number Dead plant Count the number of dead plants for a whole plot Dead plant number Glossiness Leaf blade Average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade glossiness Perisperm Width Standard deviation of the perisperm width Persiperm width Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESBLLEG and SPNBPLSYBLLEG SPNBPLTOBLLEG method Plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress Plant Wilting Plant wilting Computation of leaf Area Index Leaf area index evaluated by NIRS Measurement of cotyledon final length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Ploidy scale Leaf Undulation scale mEq/100g of fresh matter Count the number of frozen beets Plant Cold stress damage Cold stress damage Water potential threshold value under which germination does not occur Computation of Germination Base Water Potential General growth type and/or use type. Observation of type Of Beet Esitimation of Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Summer Number of plants touched by striped flea beetle - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOSFB method Root gross weight / microplot in kg/ha Measurement of gross weight Rhizoctonia Solani susceptibility scale Computation of Embryo Length Maximal length of the embryo extracted from the virtual embryo skeleton and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the seed coat Computation of seed coat equivalent diameter Curly top virus susceptibility scale Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Counting of Curly top Curly Top SPNBPLTOSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSTNEM and SPNBPLSYSTNEM Measurement of petiole width among Width Minimum Mean minimum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Undulation Leaf blade undulation Average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade Determination by flux cytometer of the level of ploidy Determination of ploidy Mpa SUMNBPLTOTHR method Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by thrips - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Beet Chlorosis Virus susceptibility scale General scoring scale Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th notation Counting of Cercospora beticola Leaf Manganese deficiency Estimation of manganese deficiency Manganese deficiency SPNBPLDESVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by vole on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility scale Under progress curve area of FCOVER evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of FCOVER Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus susceptibility sclN Measurement of Invert sugar content Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Number of beets with topping class [1], [2], [5] or [6] relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Computation of Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by stem nematode on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESSTNEM method Measurement of Branched Beet Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of branched beet - The higher the number is, the more forked the root is. Total fresh matter yield of leaves Computation of Fresh Matter Yield of leaves Quantity of nitrogen in leaves (in g/m²) Canopy Nitrogen content Leaf nitrogen quantity