Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Centipede SPNBPLDESCENTI Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYFLBE Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina CRR Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Florimond Desprez L GLO Leaf Glossiness Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds HYPGR Daphné Verdelet StemDiam International Data Base for Beta Stem Diameter 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez L UND Leaf Undulation Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Yellow Virus Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPTBYV Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Nirs - Sugar Content Of Beets NIBSC Florimond Desprez L COL Leaf Color Daphné Verdelet Some plants with totally yellow leaves (>20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 5 Standard Deviation Embryo Feret Shape 3d GEVES/INRA EmbFeretShape3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez YORNM Number Of Yellow-Orange Beets VirtualSeedGrade GEVES/INRA Virtual Seed Size Grade Daphné Verdelet BACO Black Aphid Counting Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 6 Intermediate infection (± 40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) Root Aphids Daphné Verdelet GRIN ROOTAPHIDS 1 erect light green 3 International Data Base for Beta Root Flesh Coarness FleshCoarness Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet KNa K + Na GRIN/Florimond Desprez Aphanomyces Root Rot (Arr) – Aphanomyces Cochlioides Black Root – Aphanomyces Cochlioides ARR Daphné Verdelet TYPE GRIN Type Of Beet Daphné Verdelet 1 No infection (100% plant stand) Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez W & K Percentage Of Juice Purity W&K 9 higly susceptible broad elliptic 4 EmbVol Embryo Volume GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCONOMO Summer Number Of Noctuid Moth Caterpillars On Plants Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatWidth3d Seed Coat Width 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez TOT. Bolters Total Number Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOMILL Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Millipede Symptoms TOPQUAL Topping Quality Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 BEDAMA Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Type Of Root Damage SeedCoatSpDiameter_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet GEVES 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) Florimond Desprez Stand Homogeneity STAND Daphné Verdelet Increasing number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>40% plants with symptoms)(Infection 40%) 6 3 intermediate vigor 7 Severe stunting, yellowing; leaves prostate and some leaves dead - Majority of plants with Score = 7 Institut Technique de la Betterave Beet Weight Daphné Verdelet BEWGT 11 leaf from regrowth Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez VRR Violet Root Rot (VRR) – Helicobasidium Purpureum 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched Daphné Verdelet GEVES Hour of germination at 10°C HGerm Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 White to yellow 2 No infection 1 4 weak deficiency Daphné Verdelet Width Leaf Stalk Florimond Desprez WISTA Very weak stay green 1 Daphné Verdelet Embryo Shape VA3d EmbShapeVA3d GEVES Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet LABSC Lab- Sugar Content Of Beets Mush Abnormal seed Daphné Verdelet Abnormal seed GEVES/INRA GEVES/INRA SumTemp50pctGerm Temperature Sum To Reach 50% Germination Daphné Verdelet 7 Old leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) medium 5 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Bigerm seed Bigerm seed Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) 4 9 very hard SPNBPLTONOMO Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Noctuid Moth Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Petiole Width - Maximum PETWIDMAX Daphné Verdelet GRIN Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Western SPTBW Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SOIHUM Soil Humidity Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 7 high Institut Technique de la Betterave Green Vegetation Cover Over An Area FCOVER Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Blate Pits Due To Mangold Fly SUMNBPLTOMF Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Surface Area GEVES Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatSurfArea_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Embryo Lenght 3d EmbLength3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez RUST Rust – Uromyces Betae Molasse Sugar (F) / % Sugar SM/POL-IS Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez weak 3 FRT M Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez French Top Mean Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Leaf Hoppers SUMNBPLTOLEH Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 9 present SBRAUDPC Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Sbr Audpc 7 susceptible International Data Base for Beta Seed Shattering Daphné Verdelet SeedShattering GRIN PolymyxaBetae Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae. Daphné Verdelet 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 Immune 0 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOPYBE 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 Mg Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Magnesium Deficiency Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Game Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYGAME Daphné Verdelet FLWRPATB GRIN Flowering Pattern – Between plants Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Rhizomania BNYVV Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus (BNYVV) Florimond Desprez Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) - Ramularia beticola RLS Daphné Verdelet 1 some present on the lower part Daphné Verdelet SOIL Florimond Desprez Soil Effect Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 Dry Matter Content % DM Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYCENTI Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Centipede Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave 1 No infection Seed Coat lenght 3d SeedCoatLength3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatRugosity_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Rugosity index Daphné Verdelet Mean Germination Time MGT GEVES/INRA 5 medium SUMNBPLTONOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plant With Perforated Leaves Due To Noctuid Moth Daphné Verdelet GEVES Standard Deviation Embryo Volume EmbVol_STD Rotten Net Gravity Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet RONETGRAV Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez RLEN Mean Root Length 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) - Cercospora Beticola GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet CLS % S Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Sugar GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Surface Area PerispSurfArea FELEPM Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 1 No infection Daphné Verdelet GEVES EmbSpDiameter_STD Standard Deviation Embryo SpDiameter mm GEVES SeedCoatShapeVA3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Shape VA3d starting to bolt 2 PSEU Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Pseudomonas aptata Phoma Betae Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez PHOMA International Data Base for Beta FLoweringStart Flowering Start Daphné Verdelet 4 strong Gen Ap GEVES/INRA Seed Volume Daphné Verdelet SeedVol Beet Chlorosis Virus Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez BChV FELECLS Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 3 intermediate stay green Leaf vegetable 1 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOSFB Summer Number Of Striped Flea Beetle On Plants 5 Narrow oblong Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Beet Width Max BWIDM RED Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Number Of Red Beets Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 4 Daphné Verdelet SLCOBSO Slugs Counting Before Sowing Institut Technique de la Betterave No infection 1 Florimond Desprez Mean Root Width RWIDT Daphné Verdelet 5 Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPSRH Absent/Present Beets Having Rhizopus Symptoms GRIN ROOTAPHID Root Aphids [1-4] Daphné Verdelet Normal seed Normal seed Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA SeedCoatEqDiameter Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA 1 absent Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 3 Thin 0 Florimond Desprez Wilting Daphné Verdelet WHIL Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Millipede Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYMILL Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity GRAVRLS Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet DeltaTempRad Daphné Verdelet Radicle Temperature Delta GEVES/INRA 7 hard 0 absent WSY Florimond Desprez White Sugar Yield W&K Daphné Verdelet Damage By Phytoproducts Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez PHYTO Leaf Fresh Matter Yield LeafFreshMat Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 tolerant 4 Single plants with slight yellowing (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) 2 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Noctuid Moth Symptoms SPNBPLSYNOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave GEPOW Daphné Verdelet Germinating Power BETAN Betaine NIR Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Hypocotyl Lengthening Speed (Hyp = 25 Mm) HypSpd SPNBPLTOSLUG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Slug Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESVOLE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Vole Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 2 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet CotylFnlLg Cotyledon Final Length (At 110°Cd) Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Stay Green GREEN 1 very resistant 2 weak stay green Florimond Desprez BLIST Blistering Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Verticillium VERT EGermRt GEVES Daphné Verdelet Early germination rate KG/PL Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Net Weight/Plot Seed Coat Flatness Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA SeedCoatFlatness SUMNBCOMF Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Mangold Flies On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet DeltaTempCot GEVES/INRA Cotyledon Temperature Delta Number Of Yellow Beets Daphné Verdelet YELNB Florimond Desprez Lab - Sodium Content Of Beet Mush Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez LABNA mM Na Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Top Height Mean THE M Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 red 7 Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Volume GEVES/INRA PerispVol Dry Matter Content NIR Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez DMNIR Daphné Verdelet Leaf Betacyanin Pattern International Data Base for Beta LeafBcyanin A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 SeedlingBcyanin Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Seedling Betacyanin Content totally touched leaf 10 Florimond Desprez BYV Beet Yellows Virus Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Petiole Width - Minimum GRIN PETWIDMIN Daphné Verdelet BWIDH Florimond Desprez Beet Width Half 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Gross Weight/Plot GR/PL Daphné Verdelet Betaine HPLC Florimond Desprez BETAH 1 Very weak Gen Ap 9 higly susceptible Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYVOLE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Vole Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Sphericity index PeriSphericity_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet CotylSrf Cotyledon Surface Area (At 110°Cd) GEVES/INRA No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 SUMNBCOTHR Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Thrips On Plants Daphné Verdelet 6 All plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 40%) RadLg Radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C Daphné Verdelet GEVES 3 tender 5 intermediate Daphné Verdelet Maximum Green Vegetation Cover FCOVERmax Institut Technique de la Betterave Percentage Of Invert Sugar Venema %IS V Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez SBRM SugarBeet Root Maggot - Tetanops myopaeformis Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 Daphné Verdelet Life form (ie life cycle) GRIN LIFEFORM 9 No plant left (0% plant stand) 8 Many plants with yellowing, only few plants green (>80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) FUSA GRIN/Florimond Desprez Fusarium Yellows – Fusarium Oxysporum & Secorum Fusarium Daphné Verdelet 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) Dead Plants Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez DEADP Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Plants With Blate Touched By Spider Mite SUMNBPLLESPMI Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez CLSAUDPC Daphné Verdelet Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) Audpc Narrow triangular 6 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Centipede Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOCENTI Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOMO Summer Number Of Moth On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave %FRUC Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez G Fructose DM/HA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Yield Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet BOLN Bolting Number Standard Deviation Perisperm Lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet PeriLength3d_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez EARLY Early Vigor SPNBPLSYCF Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Crane-Fly Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA PSI b Germ Daphné Verdelet Germination Base Water Potential medium 5 Number of Plant / Parcel Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet POP LeafNb Daphné Verdelet Leaf Number International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Ploidy GRIN PLOI End Use Daphné Verdelet ENDUSE GRIN 9 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms GEVES/INRA Seed Surface Area Daphné Verdelet SeedSurfArea 1 Determinate 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) resistant 3 3 4 - 6 cm Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYBLLEG REGRO Leaf Regrowth Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez GEVES/INRA Persiperm Width 3d PeriWidth3d Daphné Verdelet REFLAImax Daphné Verdelet Maximum Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image Institut Technique de la Betterave 4 Distincts spots on most leaves but not coalescing (Infection 10%) MALESTER Male Sterility Daphné Verdelet GRIN RPOSI OCVV/International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Beet Position In Soil 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYWHGR Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With White Grub Symptoms 8 Light pink Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez R COL Root Color 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 Seed Coat Shape VA3d GEVES Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatShapeVA3d EmptyVolume_STD GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Empty Space Volume Daphné Verdelet Very strong deficiency 1 Summer Number Of Spider Mites On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOSPMI GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Shape VA3d EmbShapeVA3d_STD CLDIAMBRE Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 Florimond Desprez BOLC Bolters Counting Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESBLLEG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Aphanomyces Black Leg Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Rust AUDPC RUSTAUDPC Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez TRIGE Percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Area Under Progress Curve Of LAI Over Time LAIAUPC Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) - 65% dead plants 6 SPNBPLDESWHGR Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By White Grub Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Double Plant At Field Emergence Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet DBFEMER Institut Technique de la Betterave Maximum Beet Diameter Class CLBEDIAM Daphné Verdelet Strong 7 Perisperm Sphericity index GEVES/INRA PeriSphericity Daphné Verdelet Nb Of Bolters/Nb Of Beets BOLT/ Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Slug Symptoms SPNBPLSYSLUG EmbSurfArea GEVES/INRA Embryo Surface Area Daphné Verdelet 3 Orange All older and younger leaves wilting or dead (Infection 100%) 9 Institut Technique de la Betterave BEDIAM Daphné Verdelet Maximum Beet Diameter 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) Seed Spacing Institut Technique de la Betterave SEEDSP Daphné Verdelet 2 A single plant shows yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a single yellow plant (Infection 2%) 7 non-swollen 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) Daphné Verdelet DeltaTempHyp Hypocotyl Temperature Delta GEVES/INRA 1 very tender Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatEqDiameter_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Beet Leaf Bug SUMNBPLTOBLB narrow ellipic 1 Daphné Verdelet TWIN Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Use unknown 7 NICHLOROPPL Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Nirs - Chlorophyll Quantity In Plot Standard Deviation Perisperm Volume PerispVol_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES Embryo Width 3d GEVES/INRA EmbWidth3d Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Erwinia Rot ERW Erwinia Rot – Erwinia Betavasculorum Root Rot Erwinia Daphné Verdelet Top Thickness TOTHI Institut Technique de la Betterave bracts to the top 9 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) 3 BIGER Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Bigerme In Seeds Daphné Verdelet FloweringEnd International Data Base for Beta Flowering End Standard Deviation Perisperm Shape VA3d PerispShapeVA3d_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES Weight Of Beets Before Washing Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGHBWA Daphné Verdelet GEVES PerispSurfArea_STD Standard Deviation Perisperm Surface Area 0 absent 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) 50-100% flower 6 Time To Reach X% Of Germination GEVES/INRA Tx% Daphné Verdelet TTFCOVER Thermal time after emergence to reach X% of Green Vegetation Cover Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet > 15 cm 6 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Stem Nematode Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOSTNEM Institut Technique de la Betterave Fodder_beet ontology Sugar_beet ontology 5 First coealescing spots on one or two (old) leaves (Infection 20%) 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) SPNBPLTOWHGR Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With White Grub Symptoms Daphné Verdelet White 1 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched SeedCoatMaxThickness_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Maximum Thickness GEVES/INRA Monogerm and multigerm mixed 2 Florimond Desprez Leaf blade : Ratio Length / Width LE/WI Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGHLE Weight Of Leaves 2 weak damages LABGLC Lab - Glucose Content Of Beet Mush Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Radicle Final Length (At 110°Cd) RadFnlLg GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet GRIN RhizoYellow Rhizomania Yellowing 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) PeriLength3d Perisperm Lenght 3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched highly tolerant 5 4 homogeneous Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet FELESBR Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust GRIN Petiole Length - Minimum Daphné Verdelet PETLENMIN Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Vole Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOVOLE Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity GRAVCLS Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Yellow spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) 2 leaf from regrowth 11 Institut Technique de la Betterave GRAVSBR Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Daphné Verdelet Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 DAMP Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Damping-off complex Daphné Verdelet Powdery Mildew Gravity GRAVPM Institut Technique de la Betterave 5 very strong damages - the whole plot is burned ORANG Number Of Orange Beets Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez NUMB. Number Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez EmbSpDiameter Embryo SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet GEVES 3 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) CUTICLE Daphné Verdelet Cuticle Thickness GRIN little 1 GEVES/INRA EmbFeretShape3d Daphné Verdelet Embryo Feret Shape 3d Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Millipede Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESMILL 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) WGHBSR Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 intermediate 5 Nirs - Nitrogen Quantity In Plot Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet NINIPL 5 Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) > 90% past flowering 7 GEVES/INRA Tb Germ Germination Base Temperature Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Mean Seed Coat Thickness Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatThick LEAFHAIR Daphné Verdelet Leaf Hairiness GRIN 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) entire red 9 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYPYBE 2 Semi-fertile, more or less dehiscent anthers 1 very little medium 5 Lab - Amino Nitrogen Content Of Beet Mush Daphné Verdelet mM N LABAN Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez 4 Slight infection (± 10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) Yellow 2 Spots on most leaves easely visible (around 75-100 spots)(Infection 5%) 3 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 BeetShape International Data Base for Beta Beet Shape Daphné Verdelet 9 very much susceptible 7 SPNBPLDESPYBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Pygmy Beetle Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Crane-Fly Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESCF no leaf yellowing 0 International Data Base for Beta Flowering Time Daphné Verdelet FlorweringTime 6 Candy Striped, alternating red and green streaks on bolted flower stalks and larger lateral branches. weak vigor 2 Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGHBSO PM Audpc Daphné Verdelet PMAUDPC Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez 3 Multigerm Aphanomyces cochlioides - Foliar Ratings ARF Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Sclerotium rolfsii Florimond Desprez SCLE 6 narrow obtriangular 3 green Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 Medium 5 Net Weight/Ha Daphné Verdelet T/HA Florimond Desprez 1 No infection Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 5 Wireworms counting WIWOCO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet GEVES Perisperm Shape VA3d PerispShapeVA3d SeedMass GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Mass Several plants with infection (± 5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) 3 GRIN Petiole Length - Maximum Daphné Verdelet PETLENMAX highly susceptible 1 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 red 6 Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez BMYV Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Sm/Pol Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SMPOL 3 intermediate Gen Ap Weight Proportion Of Root Neck WGTPORN Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet High Temperatures Suceptibility HeatTol_E Daphné Verdelet INRA 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) leaf from regrowth 11 GEVES/INRA SeedCoatVol Seed Coat Volume Daphné Verdelet 2 nymphs present, no adults present REFLAI Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Embryo Length GEVES/INRA EmbLength Daphné Verdelet EmptyVolume GEVES/INRA Empty Space Volume Strong 7 Seed Maturity Daphné Verdelet SeedMaturity International Data Base for Beta Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 Medium 5 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGHROBE Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) Area Under Progress Curve Of FCOVER Over Time Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave FCOVERAUPC 2 Asynchronous Multigermicity GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Multigerm seed Daphné Verdelet CLUSTERFAS GRIN Cluster Fasciation Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot FELERLS 4 Broad elliptic Institut Technique de la Betterave CFCOBSO Daphné Verdelet Crane-Fly Counting Before Sowing Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatFlatness_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Flatness GEVES/INRA 2 strong deficiency 8 A few plants still standinf, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 9 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOGAME Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Game Symptoms SPNBPLDESSLUG Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Slug Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Bolting Start International Data Base for Beta BolStart Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 5 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 5 Slight stunting, severe leaf curling; less than half of the upper leaf surface visible due to curling; most of the larger leaves still erect - Majority of plants with Score = 5 GEVES/INRA Seed Coat Surface Area Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatSurfArea Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 6 Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) A few spots in the plot (Infection 2%) 2 pink 5 7 All plants are covered with light white mycellum (Infection 60%) Green Apterous Aphid Counting Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GACO Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Game Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESGAME 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOBLLEG Distinct spots on most leaves (> 100 pots and rust spores starting to develop)(Infection 10%) 4 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez GR/HA Gross Weight/T Per Ha Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) Audpc RLSAUDPC Daphné Verdelet 0 healthy Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 Beet Cyst Nematode (Bcn) – Heterodera Schachtii Heterodera Schachtii Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez BCN Beet Cyst Nematode Only the center few whorls of leaves green and alive - Majority of plants with Score = 8 8 3 intermediate damages 4 strong damages L BLA Length Leaf Blade Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez EmbLength3d Daphné Verdelet Embryo Lenght 3d GEVES/INRA WHITE Number Of White Beets Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Beet Top Diameter TODIAM Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Area Under Progress Curve Of Chlorophyll Over Time CABAUPC Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Nirs - Dry Matter Of Beets NIBDM Plant dead - Majority of plants with Score = 9 9 Hypocotyl Color HYPOCOTYL Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez Monogerm 1 Root Shape ROOTSHAPE GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 6 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched Thick 9 GEVES Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatVol_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Volume SugarBeet Root Aphid - Phemphigus betae Daphné Verdelet SBRA Florimond Desprez 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 1 No infection (100% plant stand) Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 1 untopped with petioles longer than 2 cm 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 3 Multigerm (2-4) 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 4 correctly topped GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Powdery Mildew (PM) – Erysiphe betae PM SeedCoatWidth3d_STD GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Seed Coat Width 3d Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Ground Cover Rate GC Institut Technique de la Betterave intermediate 5 9 Entire defoliation - caution : regrowth !!! (Infection 100%) International Data Base for Beta LeafDryMat Leaf Dry Matter Content Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet RINGCOLOR GRIN Ring Color LABK Lab - Potassium Content Of Beet Brei sample Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez mM K 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) Lab - Nitrogen Quantity In Leaf Daphné Verdelet LANILE Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Highly multigerm (>5) 4 DMNHA Dry Matter Yield NIR Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) 2 GermFnlRt Germination Final Rate GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Purple 5 100 percent leaf yellowing 9 %GLUC Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez G Glucose dark 7 Institut Technique de la Betterave WGTPORO Daphné Verdelet Weight Proportion Of Root GRIN FLESHCOLOR Flesh Color Daphné Verdelet Blinkers BLINK Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez GERM Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Germity 2 weak Gen Ap Daphné Verdelet Petiole Color PETIOLECOL GRIN Bract Distribution International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet BractDistrib WGHASR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal very resistant 1 7 Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) PerispSpDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES Standard Deviation Perisperm SpDiameter mm PINK Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Number Of Pink Beets Daphné Verdelet WGHAWA Weight Of Beets After Washing Institut Technique de la Betterave wounded 2 1 No Symptoms - Majority of plants with Score = 1 Institut Technique de la Betterave Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Daphné Verdelet NMBREBE wounded and bruised 4 SPSRCRR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Of Rhizoctonia Crown And Root Rot Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOTHR Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Thrips Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) 4 3 resistant 4 tolerant GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Filling Ratio FillingRatio EmbPres Daphné Verdelet Presence Of Embryo GEVES/INRA 1 very resistant 9 higly susceptible 3 Weak WGTPOTO Weight Proportion Of Top Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 2 Spots on one or two leaves (around 25-50 spots)(Infection 2%) 2 undertopped with petioles shorter than or equal to 2 cm Curly Top Virus GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet CTOP Curly Top 3 Yellow 2 susceptible GEVES Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatSpDiameter Seed Coat SpDiameter mm Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) 7 Fodder 4 5 intermediate 8 a few plants still standing, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) % SUG G Fructose + Glucose Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 1 No infection (100% plant stand) strong vigor 4 GEVES/INRA EmbWidth3d_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Width 3d Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez LPOSI Daphné Verdelet Leaf Position All plants have yellow leaves, none have green leaves _ Plot colour dominantly yellow (Infection 100%) 9 3 A few yellow spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) Daphné Verdelet Stem Color International Data Base for Beta StemColor Daphné Verdelet EmbSphericity_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Sphericity index GEVES/INRA 2 Indeterminate GEVES/INRA PeriWidth3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Persiperm Width 3d Slight infection - Plot still looks green as dominant colour (>10% plants with clear yellow symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 attribute Rhizoctonia Root Rot (RRR) – Rhizoctonia Solani GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet RRR Distinct large brown necrotic sppots on most leaves + start coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 Seedling Growth Base Temperature Tb Seedling GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet semi-erect 3 DM Downy Mildew (DM) – Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez LACHLOROLE Lab - Chlorophyll Quantity In Leaf = CHLO1 susceptible 7 Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet MITOPBE 2 green / light green 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 Flowering Pattern – Within plants GRIN FLWRPATW Daphné Verdelet 3 yellow Loss of leaves due to Water stress REFLAIloss Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Yellow Leaf Spot (YLS) – Stemphylium beticola YLS strong stay green 4 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) 2 5 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 5 fully bolting < 10% flowering, 10-50% flower Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) - 95% dead plants 8 1 white RND M Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Beet Roundness Mean low 3 BSN Beet Stem Nematode – Ditylenchus Dipsaci Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Completely male sterile, black or brown anthers 3 7 semi-prostrate 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) - 50% dead plants > 8 cm 5 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 3 Leaf and root veg. 7 Large number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>60% plants with symptoms)(Infection 60%) 9 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) intermediate 5 SMO M Smoothness Score Mean Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 5 strong vigor 1 no nymphs or adults present NEST Nest Of Cercospora Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez A couple of plants with slight yellowing (>5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) 3 higly susceptible 9 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) Biomass 6 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 1 White Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 8 Fibrous Summer Number Of Beet Leaf Bug On Plants SUMNBCOBLB Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Entire defoliation (caution : regrowth !!!) (Infection 100%) 9 Daphné Verdelet PeriEqDiameter GEVES/INRA Perisperm Equivalent Diameter 1 No plant with symptoms (Infection 0%) Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Soil Tare Evaluation = %TARE Daphné Verdelet SOITARE 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 2 Root vegetable No infection (Infection 0%) 1 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 1 No damages Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPTBMYV Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Mild Yellowing Luteovirus Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez % WS Percentage Of White Sugar 4 nymphs present, mant adults present SPNBPLTOFLBE Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 inflorescence half way up 5 1 rosette stadium Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 5 Mixed 4 L STA Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Length Leaf Stalk EmbSurfArea_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES Standard Deviation Embryo Surface Area Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Noctuid Moth SPNBPLDESNOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Slight leaf curl of the edge of new leaves; pimpling on the veins of the underside of the leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 3 3 Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez FROST Frozen Beets Daphné Verdelet ROOTMAGGOT GRIN Root Maggot multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering >95% of root surface 5 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 4 Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Embryo Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA EmbEqDiameter_STD 9 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 4 6 - 8 cm < 10% flower 4 S/HA Sugar Yield Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Invert Sugar Kit %IS K Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez LHEIG Leaf Height SPNBPLTOCF Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Crane-Fly Symptoms totally touched leaf 10 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 5 intermediate very homogeneous 5 2 yellow / light green Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Striped Flea Beetle SPNBPLDESFLBE Daphné Verdelet healthy 0 8 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) WIBLA Daphné Verdelet Width Leaf Blade Florimond Desprez non damaged 1 Empty seed GEVES/INRA Empty seed Daphné Verdelet More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYSTNEM Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Stem Nematode Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Seed Size Grade SeedGrade GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet 7 First leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) More than 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 0 <0.1 not branched beet GEVES/INRA EmbSphericity Embryo Sphericity index Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez DROU Drought Stress 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) acronym Rotten Gross Gravity Daphné Verdelet ROGROGRAV Institut Technique de la Betterave Monogerm 1 2 Almost no infection (few plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) 6 Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 Yellow 5 8 Remaining leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Infection 80%) All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) 9 Institut Technique de la Betterave Nirs Leaf Area Index Daphné Verdelet NILAI totally touched leaf 10 7 susceptible 9 - 11 cm 3 General Scoring GEN. Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez TWI M Tip Width Mean Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 1 No symptom (Infection 0%) elliptic 2 bruised 3 Synchronous 1 healthy 0 6 Stunting, slight yellowing; most leaves becoming prostrate - Majority of plants with Score = 6 Pink 9 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 totally touched leaf 10 Branched Beet BRANC Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOCRMO Summer Number Of Plant With Eroded Intern Crown - Moth Institut Technique de la Betterave 2 almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) - 10% dead plants Twins 3 several plants left (± 80% plant stand) - 20% dead plants 3 Glabrous - hairs completely absent 0 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet FEROBE No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 susceptible 7 Very hairy 7 very resistant 1 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) Institut Technique de la Betterave MFCO Daphné Verdelet Mangod Fly (Pegomyia betae) Blate Pits And Maggot Counting 5 highly tolerant 3 Only a few plants show yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a few yellow plants (Infection 5%) Immune 0 Spots on nearly all leaves (Infection 10%) 4 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet MILLCO Millipede (Blaniulus guttulatus) Counting PerispSpDiameter GEVES Daphné Verdelet Perisperm SpDiameter mm Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Due To Heterodera Schachtii Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPSHS weak 3 Embryo Equivalent Diameter EmbEqDiameter GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet heterogeneous 2 Immune 0 White 1 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 1 0 - 2 cm Immune 0 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 1 absent Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Younger leaves wilting)(Infection 80%) 8 Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) 4 Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 7 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Technical Length TECHLGT intermediate 5 narrow oblong 2 Pink 3 resistant 8 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched Yellow 2 1 Plants only have green leaves - Plot looks 100% green (Infection 0%) No wilting (Wilting 0%) 1 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 Hairs very parse 3 9 irregular 5 moderate All plants are covered with grey powdery mycellum (Infection 100%) 9 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Striped Flea Beetle SUMNBPLTOSFB Orange 5 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 Summer Number Of Leaf Tunnels Due To Moth SUMNBPLTOLEMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 9 No plant left (± 0% plant stand) - 100% dead plants 4 multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering 50 to 95% of root surface Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 Strong 7 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) SPRPOP Spring Population Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Red 3 Very weak vigor 1 All plants are covered with thick white mycellum (Infection 80%) 8 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 leaf from regrowth 11 Weight Of Beets After Sorting WGHASO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 6 0 healthy Beet Size Mean BSI M Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 1 very resistant 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) All plants severly damaged, no plants green (Infection 100%) 9 9 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) 8 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 weak 3 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) nymphs present, few adults present 3 intermediate 3 11 - 13 cm 4 RadSpd Daphné Verdelet Radicle Lengthening Speed (Root = 20 Mm) GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Stem Nematode SPNBPLDESSTNEM Institut Technique de la Betterave MAGNE Manganese Deficiency Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Circular 3 GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Rugosity index SeedCoatRugosity intermediate 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 strong stay green 5 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 CRRF Daphné Verdelet Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina - Foliar Ratings Florimond Desprez Stem Number Daphné Verdelet StemNb International Data Base for Beta 1 Very heterogeneous entity overtopped with under half of max diameter bundle rings visible 5 Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 2 1 No infection (100% plant stand) First coalescing spots on one or twi leaves (Infection 20%) 5 PeriEqDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA 1 Green 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 7 susceptible Institut Technique de la Betterave Field Emergence Quality Daphné Verdelet FIEMERQUAL 1 Fertile 5 intermediate prostrate 9 2 2 - 4 cm 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) bolting 3 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 3 intermediate deficiency 9 higly susceptible resistant 3 SeedCoatLength3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat lenght 3d GEVES/INRA 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 4 Red Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) - 35% dead plants 4 angled topped 6 2 7 - 9 cm Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 6 susceptible 2 8 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) orange 4 3 resistant Non-swollen 7 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) Distinct yellow spots on most leaves but not many brown necrotic spots (Infection 10%) 4 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 6 3 resistant No wilting (Wilting 0%) 1 5 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) Intermediate number of yellowing plants - Plot looks slightly yellow (>20% plants with symptoms)(Infection 20%) 5 1 present First large brown necrotic spots, spots on one or two leaves (Infection 20%) 5 1 4.5 - 7 cm Narrow elliptic 1 hairy 5 GEVES/INRA Seed Coat Maximum Thickness Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatMaxThickness 1 highly susceptible Sugar extraction 5 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) 9 The 3, 4 remaing leaves with 50% decayed; other dead (Infection 80%) 8 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 2 Vein clearing of heart leaves, slight pimpling of veins on the underside of leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 2 3 spotted 5 intermdiate Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) 7 2 2 or more colonies, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) fibrous 8 No infection 1 Red 4 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 red purple 7 1 High : branched beet 3 Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) Strong 7 3 intermediate 5 Most of the plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 20%) 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms no aphid colonies nor wax present 0 9 No plants left (Infection 100%) 3 Several plants show spots on leaves (Infection 5%) 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 5 Very strong Gen Ap 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 8 Other (specify) 3 2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface]]> Yellow orange 4 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 very resistant 1 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) - 80% dead plants 7 13 - 15 cm 5 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 3 Orange 5 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 3 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 8 Severe infection: few plants surviving, others dead (± 80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) 3 circular More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) 7 undertopped with no petioles 3 4 Most plants moderately yellowing (<10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) 8 Only a few green leaves - Plot looks dominantly yellow (>80% plants with symptoms)(Infection 80%) Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed (Old leaves starting wilting)(Infection 60%) Elliptic 2 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 5 Purple 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) one colony, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each 1 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) Empty 1 Most leaves moderately curling; more than half of the upper surface of the leaf visible - Majority of plants with Score = 4 4 red vein 5 2 Spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) 2 partly monogerm /partly multigerm More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 5 Immune 0 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) 7 No deficiency 5 One embryo 2 ‰ White sugar content White sugar content in the root White sugar content in root Root Pests - Blaniulus guttulatus Millipede guttulatus Counting of millipede guttulatus Number mm3 Root Gross yield Productivity - Root gross yield Root gross yield Presence of Cercospora nests Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Susceptibility to violet root due to Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility Helicobasidium purpureum Fungal disease - Helicobasidium purpureum Scale for Beet Position In Soil Potassium and sodium content in the root Potassium and sodium content Potassium and sodium content in root Root Erysiphe betae susceptibility scale Observation of Cuticle Thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle (consult with IIRB) Stem diameter Diameter Stem Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Curly top Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Viral disease - Curly top virus Susceptibility Wireworms Counting of wireworms Number Pests - Wireworms Productivity - Plant productivity Plot Population Plot population Male fertility Sterility Male flower Degree of male sterility Determination of the percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Counting the number of plantlets with green hypocotyl after germinating test of a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of green hypocotyl Computation of field emergence quality Integral of the logistic curve using the population countings at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average width of broken apical part Measurement of Tip Width Mean Leaf Position scale Pests - Leaf hoppers Leaf hoppers Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers Number of plant Estimation of Inflorescence cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster fasciation Evaluation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Leaf betacyanin pattern Leaf Betacyanin content Summer Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTONOMO method Early germination rate Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Germination rate Seed Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity scale Measurement of the empty seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule is empty and therefore does not contain an organ. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Presence Fungal disease - Cercospora Cercospora nests Susceptibility Fungal disease - Erysiphe betae Erysiphe Susceptibility to Erysiphe Weight of beets after soil removal for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal Computation to estimate seed size Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Estimation of matter content predicted with FT-NIR Soluble dry matter content predicted with FT-NIR on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample Calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery (in m²/m²) Evaluation of total foliar surface Beet Shape scale White sugar Yield White sugar yield calculated Productivity - White sugar yield Measurement of seed volume Total volume of the seed measured in cubic millimeter (mm3) count unit Beet western Viral disease - Beet western Beets touched by beet western Root Measurement of Beet Width Max Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the maximal diameter Embryo sp diameter measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of embryo sp diameter Loss of leaves due to water stress : reference measure based on an image to evaluate total foliar surface Loss Leaf Loss of leaves (LAI) Pests - Spider mites Number of spider mites on plants Spider mites Number Summer Number of moth on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOMO method The length of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Measurement of embryo length Phoma Betae Susceptibility scale Beet length Root Length Beet length between top and tail Seed coat flatness Flatness Standard deviation of the flat surface of the seed coat Seed coat Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Computation of Seedling Growth Base Temperature Leaf Damage by powdery mildew Fungal disease - Powdery Mildew Damage by powdery mildew Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves around 15th of May, 25th of May and 06th of June - using a photography vertically taken Computation of Ground Cover Rate Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root herself Measurement of weight of Root Seed Percentage of trigerm seeds in a seed sample Trigerm Seed quality Bolting plant Bolting plant number Number Number of bolting plants for thousand plants after sowing Percentage of bolters Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Observation of Leaf Glossiness Determination of the average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Seed Shattering scale Root net weight / microplot in kg/ha Measurement of net weight Susceptibility to seedling disease due to soil-borne fungi (Aphanomyces cochlioides, R. solani, Pythium spp., Phoma betae) Damping-off complex Computation of field emergence quality Plant Field emergence quality Emergence quality Root Damange Root damage Evaluation of root damages visually Determination by flux cytometer of the level of ploidy Determination of ploidy Susceptibility to Rhizomania - 1st, 2nd and 3rd notation Estimation of Rhizomania Rhizomania cm Counting of Slugs Before Sowing Number of slugs on 0.25 sqm using traps - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Mean maximum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole length among Length Maximum % Rhizoctonia Solani susceptibility scale Measurement of the abnormal seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerulus is abnormal either by an embryonic malformation or by a perisperm defect . The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Scale for Maximum Beet Diameter Class Fungal disease - Phoma betae Susceptibility to Phoma betae Susceptibility Phoma betae Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Esitimation of Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Susceptibility Susceptibility to root rot due to Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia solani Stem Stem number Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Number White sugar yield calculated in t/ha. Computation of white sugar yield mm g/100g of fresh matter Root aphids susceptibility scale 1 Grain germination time Germination time Germination time Seed Scale for Type Of Root Damage Absent/Present Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Observation of Verticillium wilt susceptibility Cold stress damage Plant Count the number of frozen beets Cold stress damage Type Of Beet scale Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Estimation of Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility to root aphids Root aphids Susceptibility Pests - Phemphigus betae Root color below ground of a group of single plants Observation of below ground of a group Root Color Susceptibility to root rot due to Polymyxa betae Polymyxa betae Susceptibility Fungal disease - Polymyxa betae None Observation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern Seed Abnormal Abnormal seed Percentage of abnormal seeds in a sample Stages of seed bearer flowering Observation of flowering time Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the persiperm Perisperm Perisperm equivalent diameter Diameter SPNBPLDESGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by game on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Presence Automatic detection of the presence of embryo Embryo Presence of embryo Computation of quality index with Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization / quantity of extractable sugar - Formula including Invert sugar (glucose) Seed coat Standard deviation of the external surface area of the seed coat Seed coat area Area Leaf Average of leaf position on a group of single plants Position Leaf position Computation of Embryo Length Maximal length of the embryo extracted from the virtual embryo skeleton and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. °C Measurement of seed coat sp diameter Seed coat sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Filling rate The ratio of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed Seed Seed filling ratio Susceptibility to Erwinia Rot Observation of Erwinia rot susceptibility Measurement of cotyledon final length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) SPNBPLSYFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Ratio Betacyanin content Seedling Betacyanin Content Betacyanin content in seed Seedling Ditylenchus dipsaci Pests - Ditylenchus dipsaci Susceptibility Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci mm² Measurement of Size Grade Seed size measured using sieves Computation of the thicknesses of the seed coat mesh Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh, measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Susceptibility to root aphids Pests - Root aphids Root aphids Susceptibility Susceptibility to Rhizoctonia root rot Estimation of Rhizoctonia Solani Susceptibility Topping Evaluation of topping quality visually Quality Productivity - Topping quality Summer Number of beet leaf bug on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOBLB method Countind of frozen beets Observe the plants per plot under frost condition and count the number of frozen beets Shape of the beet Beet shape Root Shape Embryo Length Embryo Sphere Diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the embryo Damping-off complex scale Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Estimation of green pixels An Area Pests - Green aphid Number Counting of green apterous aphids Green apterous aphids Spring / Emergence Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYPYBE method Computation of white sugar content in the root Percentage of white sugar in the root at plot scale Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot due to Stemphylium beticola Estimation of Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot Measurement of sugar content of beet mush Sugar content (saccharin) of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Mean Estimation of manganese deficiency Manganese deficiency Leaf Manganese deficiency SPNBPLSYBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves First, second, third and fourth count of bolting plants for a whole plot Counting of bolters Number Leaf Leaf number Number of leaves Cuticle Thickness scale SPNBPLSYWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Scale for Presence Of Embryo Computation of Germination Base Water Potential Water potential threshold value under which germination does not occur Measurement of Soil Humidity Humidity of soil in % Measurement of the seed coat volume Volume of the seed coat measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Seed Empty Empty seed Percentage of empty seeds in a sample External surface area of the embryo measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the embryo Leaf blade ratio Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade Ratio Standard deviation of the shape factor of the seed coat Seed coat Shape Seed coat Shape Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Percentage Bolting plant Bolting percentage Count of bolting plants for a whole plot Number Bolting plant count Bolting plant Susceptibility to root aphid scoring at harvest presence of aphid colonies on the outside of the beet root in combination with presence of wax using the Hutchinson and Campbell disease scoring scale Observation of Root Aphid susceptibility SPNBPLDESFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by striped flea beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Leaves stinged Number of plant Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug Pests - Beet leaf bug Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Counting of Stem Number Maximum diameter of single beet Measurement of Beet Diameter Estimation of Ditylenchus dipsaci susceptibility Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci - plot-basis score based on the number of root presenting symptoms (stunting, swelling and rotting) Color Color of petiole Petiole Petiole color Volume Perisperm volume Perisperm Standard deviation of the volume of the perisperm Flowering pattern between plants Observation of flowering pattern between plants Pests - Aphanomyces black leg Number of plant Aphanomyces black leg symptoms Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Measurement of on early germination Rate mg Thickness of leaf cuticle Cuticle thickness Thickness Leaf cuticle Observation of Stem Color Color of the inflorescence stem Number of crane-flies on 0.25 sqm using traps with bait - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Counting of Crane-fly Before Sowing Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew Number of plants with powdery mildew spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Measurement of Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Rotten parts of beets are cut and weighed together Tetanops myopaeformis susceptibility scale Radicle length Length Radicle length 7 days after the seed germination Radicle Susceptibility to Violet Root [Helicobasidium purpureum] Observation of violet root rot susceptibility Leaf blade width on a group of single plants Width Leaf blade Leaf blade width Root Rot Erwinia scale Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Pink Beets Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Dry matter content in root Root Dry matter content Leaf hairiness Presence of hairiness of leaf surface Hairiness Leaf unitless Observe the Manganese Deficiency Estimation of manganese deficiency Computation of the roundness average by the ratio Length / Width 1/2 after max (measured in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - Higher the ratio is, less round the beet is. Computation of Beet Roundness Mean Measurement of glucose content of beet mush glucose of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Seed Seed spacing Measurement of seed spacing Distance Observation of root maggot using de Lee Campbell Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility to root maggot using de Lee Campbell disease scoring scale Hairiness scale Seedling disease Susceptibility Soil fungal disease Susceptibility to seedling disease Leaf blade Average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade undulation Undulation Root Branched beet Branched Measurement of the importance of branched beet Soil Soil effect Heterogeneity of growth due to soil structure or soil depth Effect Measurement of seed coat length The length of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Measurement of width Leaf blade Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade width Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Measurement of cotyledon surface area Susceptibility to Root Aphids Observation of Root Aphids susceptibility Susceptibility Viral disease - Beet yellows virus Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Beet Yellows Virus Susceptibility to Sclerotium root rot Estimation of Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility Number of plant Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms Pests - Stem nematode Stem nematode symptoms SUMNBPLLESPMI method Summer Number of plants with blates touched by spider mites - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Computation of perisperm equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the perisperm Use Plant General growth type and/or use type Productivity - Plant target use Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCF and SPNBPLSYCF SPNBPLTOCF method Number Non Yellow beet Non Yellow beet number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Count of millipede in a parcel Counting of millipede guttulatus Seed coat Seed coat thickness Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh Thickness Root net yield calculated in t/ha Computation of root net yield Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Measurement of cotyledon temperature Sphericity index Embryo Embryo sphericity index Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the embryo Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Measurement of Stem Diameter AUDPC of RUST AUDPC : Under curve area of RUST gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Estimation of magnesium deficiency Observe the Magnesium Deficiency 1 + Alter, Magnesium Deficiency 2 + Alter Dead plant number Number Dead plant Count the number of dead plants for a whole plot Slug symptoms Pests - Slugs Number of plant with slug symptoms Number of plant Spring / Emergence Number of plant with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYNOMO method Sodium content Root sodium content Sodium content in root Root Pseudomonas aptata Susceptibility Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Bacterial disease - Pseudomonas aptata Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESPYBE and SPNBPLSYPYBE SPNBPLTOPYBE method Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root neck Measurement of weight of Root Neck Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the seed coat Length Seed coat Sphere Diameter Seed coat Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Green vegetation cover Green vegetation Cover Productivity - Root net weight Root Root net weight Weight None Counting of leafs Measurement of weight Of Beets After Sorting Weight of beets after sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Ploidy scale Root width Measurement of the average root width Root Width Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by top Measurement of weight Of Top Counting of hors Yellow-Orange Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Quantity of nitrogen in canopy Quantity of nitrogen in canopy - predicted using a NIRS Spring / Emergence Number of plant with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYMILL method Date of the seed bearer flowering end Plant Flowering end time Flowering end time Non Orange beet number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Orange beet Number Susceptibility to Black Root (Aphanomyces cochliodes). Estimation of Black Aphanomyces Cochlioides Pseudomonas aptata scale Blistering scale Wilting Plant Plant wilting Plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress A measure of how closely the shape of the embryo resembles that of a perfect sphere Computation of the sphericity index of the embryo Scoring of foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Observation of foliar damages by phytoproducts Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root groove - The closer the number is to 9, the smoother the root is Measurement of Smoothness Score Mean SUMNBPLTOBLB method Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOMF method Summer Number of blate pits due to mangol fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Green vegetation cover (FCOVER) evolution Cover Green vegetation AUPC of green vegetation cover Measurement of seed coat shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Estimation of juice purity from the 'Wieniger & Kubadinov' formula based on impurity (K, Na and Alpha-N) and sucrose contents Determination of juice purity Non Yellow-orange beet Non Yellow-orange beet number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Number Measurement of seed Surface Area External surface area of the hole seed measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Susceptibility to Black Foliar [Aphanomyces cochliodes]. Estimation of Black Foliar Ratings Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves Leaf Ground coverage Ground coverage by plant leaves Absent/Present beets touched by beet yellow virus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBYV method Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility Susceptibility to root maggot due to Tetanops myopaeformis Pests - Tetanops myopaeformis Smoothness Root Measurement of the average root groove Smoothness Measurement of perisperm length The length of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Root alpha-amino nitrogen content measured by Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of alpha-amino nitrogen content of beet mush Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Plot Population Stand homogeneity Standard deviation of the embryo width Embryo Embryo width Width Computation of Fresh Matter Yield of leaves Total fresh matter yield of leaves LAI Leaf area index (LAI) evaluated by NIRS Leaf Area index Leaf area index (LAI) Measurement of petiole width among Width Minimum Mean minimum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Root Fructose and glucose content in root Free fructose and glucose onfresh matter Fructose and glucose content Counting of green apterous aphids Number of green apterous aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Germity scale Non Pink beet Non Pink beet number Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Pests - Striped flea beetle Number Striped flea beetle Number of striped flea beetle on plants Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth Number of plant Perforated leaves Pests - Noctuid moth Root aphids susceptibility scale 2 Observation of leaf position Determination of the average of leaf position on a group of single plants Beet length between top and tail Measurement of Technical Length Hypocotyl temperature Temperature Hypocotyl Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature Sugar content of beet predicted by a NIRS Estimation of Sugar content of beet Spring / Emergence Number of plant with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYSLUG method Maximal diameter Width Root Beet width Measurement of petiole width among Width Maximum Mean maximum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Measurement of hypocotyl lengthening speed Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk length Measurement of length Leaf Stalk Perisperm sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of perisperm sp diameter Aphanomyces cochlioides susceptibility scale m²/m² Spring / Emergence Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYCF method Rotten beet weight Rotten root Productivity - Rotten beet weight Weight Summer Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOLEH method Measurement of radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C in Eloncam Measurement of radicle length Percentage of bigerm seeds in a seed sample Bigerm Seed Bigerm seed Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Mesure of germinating power Perisperm Sphericity index Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the perisperm Perisperm sphericity index Class of the maximum diameter of single beet Root Beet diameter Diameter Sugar yield calculated in t/ha Computation of sugar yield SPNBPLSYSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Estimation of Powdery Mildew Gravity Foliar surface touched by powdery mildew evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Petiole Color scale Flowering Time scale Chlorophyll quantity in leaf (in microgram/cm² of leaf) calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery Quantity of chlorophyll in canopy Number of rotten beets Rotten root Rotten beet number Number Dry matter predicted by a NIRS Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Observation of the leaf blade Observation Blistering Leaf blade Weight of beets after washing for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Washing Measurement of Beet Top Diameter Diameter of single beet top Measurement of free Glucose content by HPLC Free Glucose content of root measured on frozen brei sample (g/100g Fresh matter) by HPLC Damage by sugar beet rust Fungal disease - Sugar beet rust Leaf Damage by sugar beet rust Pests - Black aphid Number Counting of black aphids Black aphids Mean spacing between seeds measured on a line of 10 seeds Measurement of seed spacing Downy Mildew Susceptibility scale Measurement of Final Rate Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Standard deviation of the maximum thickness of the seed coat Seed coat maximum thickness Thickness Seed coat kg Perisperm area Perisperm Area Standard deviation of the external surface area of the perisperm Score of Susceptibility to Rust Violet Root Rot susceptibility scale Counting the number of bigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of bigerm seeds Determination of the percentage of Bigerme In Seeds Observation of Main color of flesh Observation of Main color of flesh Counting of blate pits Pests - Pegomyia betae Blate pits Number Productivity - Root net yield Root net yield calculated Root Net yield Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Number of plants with ramularia leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Number of plant Intern crown eroded Pests - Moth Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth Number of blinkers at level plot due to sensitive plant to rhizomania Counting of blinkers SUMNBPLTOLEMO method Summer Number of leaf tunnels due to moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Rotten root Proportion Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Productivity - Rotten gravity SPNBPLTOWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESWHGR and SPNBPLSYWHGR Estimation of content predicted by FT-NIR Invert sugar content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Observe the plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress at plot scale Observation of the plant wilting Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Computation of rotten net gravity Measurement of germination hour in Eloncam Hour of germination at 10°C in Eloncam Fructose content in root Free fructose content of root measured Root Fructose content Leaf stalk Length Leaf stalk length on a group of single plants Leaf stalk length Measurement of weight of leaves weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) SPSRCRR method Absent/Present beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot - evaluated at the end of summer Pests - Vole Number of plant with vole symptoms Vole symptoms Number of plant Standard deviation of the volume of the empty space in the seed Empty space Volume Empty space volume Standard deviation of the perisperm width Width Perisperm Persiperm width SPSRH method Absent/Present beets having rhizopus symptoms - evaluated at the end of summer Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th notation Counting of Cercospora beticola Cumulative thermal time to reach 50% of germination Sum of daily mean temperature minus the base threshold value (germination base temperature Tbgerm) which is necessary from sowing to reach fifty percent germination. Total Bolting plant count Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Bolting plant Number Flowering pattern within plants Observation of flowering pattern within plants Scoring the general appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Observation of general appearance of the plot Weight Single beet weight constituted by top Root Root weight Leaf nitrogen quantity Nitrogen content Quantity of nitrogen in leaves (in g/m²) Canopy Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola Fungal disease - Cercospora Beticola Susceptibility Cercospora beticola Maturity None Seed maturity Seed Leaf Leaf weight Weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Weight Embryo Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the embryo Embryo equivalent diameter Diameter Computation of Ratio Length / Width of leaf blade Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization /quantity of extractable sugar - Formula without Invert sugar (glucose) Computation of quality index without Invert Sugar Leaf Color scale Length Petiole Petiole length Minimum petiole length among plants Individual seed mass Seed mass Mass Seed Scale for Stay green Betaine content mesured by HPLC on frozen brei sample Mesurement of Betaine content by HPLC Counting of blate pits Number of blate pits due to mangod fly with indication of maggot presence or not per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Counting of hors Yellow Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Width Leaf stalk Leaf stalk width on a group of single plants Leaf stalk width Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Measurement of radicle lengthening speed Observation of Leaf Height Determination of the plant height on a group of single plants Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing virus Susceptibility Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Susceptibility to beet mild yellowing Virus Dry matter yield Root dry matter yield estimated by FT-NIR Productivity - Root dry matter yield Root SPNBPLTOGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESGAME and SPNBPLSYGAME Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants Number Pests - Noctuid moth caterpillars Noctuid moth caterpillars AUDPC : Under curve area of SBR gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of SBR Computation of dry matter yield Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content measured by refractometer Beet Yellows Virus scale Number Count the number of double plants at field emergence Double plant Double plant number Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae Observation of Polymyxa betae susceptibility index Counting of Dead Plants Number of dead plants for a whole plot Determination of the percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Counting the number of genetic twins seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of twins Susceptibility Pests - Heterodera Schachtii Susceptibility to beet cyst nematode due to Heterodera schachtii Heterodera schachtii Standard deviation of the perisperm length Perisperm Perisperm lenght Length Pests - Thrips Number of thrips on plants Number Thrips Germination time Seed Time of the germination of the seed Germination time Leaf Fungal disease - Ramularia Damage by Ramularia Damage by Ramularia Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Computation of Radicle Temperature Delta Verticillium wilt Susceptibility Fungal disease - Verticillium Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Temperature threshold value under which germination does not occur Computation of germination Base Temperature Area Embryo area Standard deviation of the external surface area of the embryo Embryo g/m² leaf Counting the number of trigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of trigerm seeds Determination of the percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds Determination of the beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Observation of Bolting Start Counting of Double Plant At Field Emergence Number of plants doubled at field emergence : if 2 plants are spaced less than 0.5 * normal distance between 2 seeds - counted at 200°Cd after sowing t/ha Seed size Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape Size Seed Life form scale Normal seed Percentage of normal seeds in a sample Seed Normal Number of beets with break diameter less or equal to 2 cm relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Computation of Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Estimation of soil effect Observe the growth of plants per plot and rate the heterogeneity due to soil structure or soil depth Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESNOMO method Multigermicity scale Number of plant Pygmy beetle symptoms Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms Pests - Pygmy beetle Total dry matter content of leaves Measurement of matter Matter Content Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Productivity - Weight Of Beets Weight Plot Sugar content Root Invert sugar content in root Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit Flesh Color scale Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Seedling growth Seedling Growth Root Broken beets Percentage of beets not much broken Broken Male Sterility scale Susceptibility to black root due to Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility Aphanomyces cochlioides Fungal disease - Aphanomyces cochlioides Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Fungal disease - Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Susceptibility to downy mildew due to Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Susceptibility Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Number of rotten beets on samples of 160 beets break down to percentage Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. Estimation of heat tolerance Sugar content in root Root Sugar content Quality index with invert sugar Percentage of Sugar Content Sucrose content measured by polarimetry on Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot AUDPC of CLS AUDPC : Under curve area of CLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Seed Bearer Alpha-amino nitrogen content Root Alpha-amino nitrogen content in root Root alpha-amino nitrogen content Mean minimum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Measurement of petiole length among Length Minimum Count of wireworms in a parcel Counting of wireworms Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Estimation of Yellows Virus Evaluation of root damages visually. Wounded referes to significant mass loss. Bruised referes to scratched surface, visible crack with no mass loss. Wounded and bruised are both Observation of Type Of Root Damage High Temperatures Suceptibility scale Estimation of Rust Susceptibility Susceptibility to Rust (Uromyces betae) at plot level - 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th notation None Measurement of Content of betacyanin in the beet Estimation of flesh coarness None Measurement of the importance of the crown Crown Importance Crown importance Plant ploidy level Plant Determination of ploidy level Ploidy SPNBPLTOBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESBLLEG and SPNBPLSYBLLEG Estimation of drought stress susceptibility Score leaf wilting per plot under drought stress Measurement of embryo shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Leaf Total fresh matter yield of leaves Productivity - Leaf fresh matter yield Fresh matter yield Counting of number of plant after sowing Number of plants / parcel counted at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd thermal time after sowing Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by white grub on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESWHGR method Measurement of gross weight Root gross weight / microplot in kg/ha AUPC of FCOVER Under progress curve area of FCOVER evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures SPNBPLDESSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by slug on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Measurement of Invert sugar content Leaf Undulation scale Temperature Cotyledon temperature Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature Cotyledon Observation of rings color Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Observation of Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility Estimation of Pseudomonas aptata susceptibility Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Stemphylium beticola susceptibility scale SPNBPLTOSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSTNEM and SPNBPLSYSTNEM Embryo Shape Shape Embryo Standard deviation of the shape factor of the embryo h Aphanomyces Root Rot susceptibility scale SPNBPLTONOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESNOMO and SPNBPLSYNOMO Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by pygmy beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESPYBE method Flowering start time Plant Date of the seed bearer flowering start Flowering start time Visual inspection to observe wether one, two or more glomerules are sticked together into one glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of mutigermicity Computation of Soil Tare Evaluation Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight - calculated on 5 samples of 100 beets Weight Weight of a single beet without leaves Root Productivity - Beet weight Glossiness Leaf blade Leaf blade glossiness Average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Measurement of area of the perisperm External surface area of the perisperm measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Color Flesh color Flesh Main color of flesh Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by crane-fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESCF method Dry matter content of leaves Total dry matter content of leaves Leaf Dry matter content Measurement of embryo width The width of the embryo in millimeter (mm) mEq/100g of fresh matter Susceptibility Pests - Root maggot Susceptibility to root maggot Root maggot Counting the number of monogerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of monogerm seeds Percentage of monogerm seeds Leaf Betacyanin Pattern scale Topping quality scale Flesh Flesh coarness Coarness Evaluation of flesh coarness Computation of the sphericity index of the perisperm A measure of how closely the shape of the perisperm resembles that of a perfect sphere Estimation of Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Foliar surface touched by ramularia leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Measurement of chlorophyll in leaves Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves - measured in laboratory Plant life cycle state Plant life forme (ie life cycle) state : annual, biannual, perenial… Plant Life form Fungal disease - Macrophomina Phaseolina Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Susceptibility Susceptibility Susceptibility to rust due to Uromyces betae Fungal disease - Uromyces betae Uromyces betae Number of beets with topping class [1], [2], [5] or [6] relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Computation of Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets SUMNBCOSFB method Summer Number of striped flea beetle on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Sum of Potassium and Sodium content in the root Computation of Potassium and Sodium content Ditylenchus Dipsaci susceptibility scale Susceptibility Fungal disease - Sclerotium rolfsii Sclerotium rolfsii Susceptibility to root rot due to Sclerotium rolfsii Root Rot Susceptibility scale Volume Seed volume Seed Total volume of the seed measured End Use scale Calculated as: Σ (n T)/ Σ n, where n = number of seeds newly germinated at time T; T = hours from the beginning of the germination test, Σ n = final germination. Computation of Mean Germination Time Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule has only a single embryo and a perisperm without any malformation or defects. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the normal seed Class of the maximum diameter of single beet in cm Classification of root by maximum diameter Root Beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia Rhizoctonia symptoms Phytoproducts damages scale Measurement of top Height Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average 'green above ground part' Observation Fungal disease - General scoring Plot General appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Root Shape scale Computation of root gross yield Root gross yield calculated in t/ha Susceptibility to Rhizomania scored by the yellowing of the canopy; 0 is none and 9 is most yellowing. Observation of Rhizomania susceptibility Estimation of Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola - 1st and 2nd notation Volume of the embryo measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of the embryo volume Estimation of Beet Yellowing Virus Susceptibility to Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Root Sodium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of sodium content of beet mush Absent/Present beets touched by beet western - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBW method Cotyledon Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth Area Cotyledon area Observation of Root Maggot susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Maggot SPNBPLTOSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSLUG and SPNBPLSYSLUG Measurement of the average width of broken apical part Root tip Tip width Width Root shape in longitudinal section Observation of Root Shape Root Potassium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of potassium content of beet mush Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root width Measurement of Mean Root Width Hairiness of leaf surface Observation of Hairiness of leaf surface Radicle temperature Radicle Temperature Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature General growth type and/or use type. Observation of type Of Beet Computation of feret shape value of the embryo Embryo shape characterisation index Number of bolting plants for thousand plants at 1500°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2500°Cd and 3000°Cd after sowing Counting of bolting plant Plant Plant population after sowing Number of plants after sowing Number Root Betaine content in root Betaine content Betaine content by FT-NIR Germination rate Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Germinating power Seed Beet position in soil Position Part of the root which exceeds the soil Root Absent/Present beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBMYV method Measurement of Branched Beet Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of branched beet - The higher the number is, the more forked the root is. Leaf wilting under drought stress Drought stress susceptibility Drought stress Leaf Powdery Mildew Gravity scale Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Orange Beets Estimation of Susceptibility to Phoma betae Susceptibility to Phoma betae Growth rate Radicle Radicle lengthening speed Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Non Red beet Non Red beet number Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Number of plant Game symptoms Number of plant with game symptoms Pests - Game SPNBPLSYGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Sum of Free Fructose and Glucose (g/100g Fresh matter) Computation of Free Fructose and Glucose Root Root shape Shape Root shape in longitudinal section Seed coat lenght Length Standard deviation of the seed coat length Seed coat Beets having rhizopus symptoms Root Fungal disease - Rhizopus Rhizopus symptoms SPSHS method Absent/Present beets having symptoms due to Heterodera Schachtii - confirmed by cysts on radicles - evaluated regularly on plants between start of july and end of september Standard deviation of the volume of the seed coat Seed coat Volume Seed coat volume Area index Leaf area index (LAI) evolution AUPC of leaf area index LAI Leaf mm/h White grub symptoms Pests - White grub Number of plant Number of plant with white grub symptoms Measurement of perisperm shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Weight of a single beet without leaves Measurement of beet weight °Cdays Time to reach x% of the total number of seeds, x = 10 to 90 Time of reach x% of germination Color Stem color Stem Color of the inflorescence stem Leaf area index evaluated by NIRS Computation of leaf Area Index Ring Color scale Flesh Coarness scale Beet Cyst Nematode Susceptibility scale Observation of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when In Soil Measurement of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when harvesting single plants Root gross weight Productivity - Root gross weight Root Weight Bract Distribution Scale Vigor Plant Vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Early vigor Hypocotyl Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Hypocotyl lengthening speed Growth rate SUMNBCOTHR method Summer Number of thrips on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Spring / Emergence Number of plant with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYVOLE method Seed None Seed shattering Shattering Free Fructose content of root measured on brei (g/100g Fresh matter) Measurement of free Fructose content Degree of male sterility Degree of male sterility HeatTol Growth of plants under heat condition and rate the tolerance Heat stress tolerance Plant Heat stress tolerance Chlorophyll content Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves Leaf chlorophyll quantity Canopy None Observation of seed maturity Observation of the Flowering End Date of the seed bearer flowering end Cotyledon length Cotyledon Length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth Measurement of the perisperm volume Volume of the perisperm measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Wilting scale Surface flatness measures how flat is the surface of seed coat Computation of seed coat flatness index Life form of the accession Observation of lifeform Fusarium Susceptibility Vascular disease - Fusarium Susceptibility to Fusarium Measurement of Beet Width Half Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the diameter located at the half of the root under the max diameter AUPC of Chlorophyll Under progress curve area of Chlorophyll content evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures SPNBPLDESSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by stem nematode on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Scale for Stand Homogeneity Pests - Crane-fly Crane-fly symptoms Number of plant Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms Rhizomania Yellowing susceptibility scale Leaf Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content evolution AUPC Chlorophyll Computation of Beet Size Mean Ratio Max Width / Width 1/2 after max (meausred in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - High = cylindric beet; Low = conical beet Root Color scale Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Washing Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Bolting start time Start time Bolting Measurement of dry Matter Content Soluble dry matter content measured on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample with a refractometer - In °Brix Leaf Glossiness scale Mineral Deficiency scale The volume of the empty space in the seed measured in mm3 Measurement of the volume of the empty space in the seed Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Viral disease - Chlorosis Virus Beet Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility Summer Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCONOMO method Counting of hors Red Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Measurement of width Leaf Stalk Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk width Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus susceptibility sclN Summer Number of plants touched by striped flea beetle - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOSFB method Beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Root Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Date Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESFLBE and SPNBPLSYFLBE SPNBPLTOFLBE method Under progress curve area of LAI evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of LAI Surface characterization of the Seed Coat Computation of the rugosity index of the seed coat SPNBPLTOCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCENTI and SPNBPLSYCENTI Measurement of perisperm width The width of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) SUMNBCOMF method Summer Number of mangol flies on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Observe the vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Estimation of early vigor AUDPC of PM AUDPC : Under curve area of PM gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by millipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESMILL method Date of the seed bearer flowering start Observation of the Flowering Start Root Glucose content Glucose content in root Glucose content of beet mush Phytoproduct damage Phytoproducts damage Leaf Foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Magnesium deficiency Estimation of magnesium deficiency Magnesium deficiency Leaf Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity scale Observation of beet shape None Automatic detection of the presence of embryo. Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 2D X-Ray. Measurement of the presence of embryo Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by aphanomyces black leg on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESBLLEG method Fusarium Susceptibility scale Leaf Height scale Determination of the average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Undulation Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Weight of beets before soil removal for the entire plot SPNBPLTOMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESMILL and SPNBPLSYMILL scale_of Viral disease - Rhizomania Rhizomania Susceptibility Susceptibility to Rhizomania Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the seed coat Seed coat Rugosity index Seed coat rugosity index Susceptibility to Erysiphe - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Estimation of Susceptibility to Erysiphe Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Seed Germination final rate Germination rate Counting the number of plants in a plot Counting Non White beet Number of beets by color not in root color trait Number Non White beet number Scale for Flowering Pattern between plants Visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants (whole microplot) of the leaf blade Observation of blistering Counting of Curly top Curly Top Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Volume Standard deviation of the volume of the embryo Embryo Embryo volume Cercospora Beticola susceptibility scale Root Root color Color Root color below ground of a group of single plants None undefined Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the seed coat Seed coat Seed coat equivalent diameter Diameter Scale for Seedling Betacyanin Content Phemphigus betae susceptibility scale Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Total number of bolting plants Topping Quality Evaluation of topping quality visually, 1 and 2 are undertopped, 3 and 4 are well topped and 5 and 6 are overtopped Plant Productivity - Plant stay green Evaluation of the average plant stay green Greeness Juice Juice purity Juice purity of a brei sample representative from the whole plot Purity Observation of Bract Distribution Description of the importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Number of beets with topping class Topped beet number Number Topped root Number of plant Centipede symptoms Number of plant with centipede symptoms Pests - Centipede Observation of Color of petiole Observation of Color of petiole Beet Mild Yellowing Virus susceptibility scale Susceptability to Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii) Estimation of Beet Cyst Heterodera Schachtii Measurement of soil humidity Soil Humidity Soil Humidity Ramularia beticola susceptibility scale Individual seed mass Mesasurement of seed mass Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade length Measurement of lenght Leaf Blade Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by thrips - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOTHR method Evaluation of LAI loss : 0 if no loss to -1 if 100% loss Evaluation of LAI Branched Beet scale The maximum thickness of all the measured points on the seed coat in millimeters (mm) Measurement of the maximum thicknes of the seed coat Summer Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOCRMO method Quantity of nitrogen in leaves - measured in laboratory Measurement of nitrogen in leaves Estimating the percentage of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed in % Computation of seed's filling ratio Embryo Embryo feret shape Shape Standard deviation of the diameter of the embryo corresponds to the maximum extent in a given direction Observation of Hypocotyl pigmentation Hypocotyl pigmentation Pests - Millipede Number of plant Number of plant with AB217 symptoms Millipede symptoms Evaluation of the average plant stay green Evaluation of the average plant stay green Fasciation Cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster Inflorescence cluster fasciation Computation of seed coat equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the seed coat SPNBPLTOVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESVOLE and SPNBPLSYVOLE Estimation of root aphids susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Aphids The width of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Measurement of seed coat width Embryo Embryo length Standard deviation of the embryo length Length Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility scale Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility scale Charcoal Root Rot susceptibility scale Hypocotyl Color scale Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Observation of Leaf Regrowth Thickness Top beet thickness Height of top of the beet Top root Seed coat width Width Seed coat Standard deviation of the seed coat width Number Pests - Mangold fly Number of mangol flies on plants Mangol flies Leaf blade color Leaf blade Average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Color Flowering time Flowering time Stages of seed bearer flowering Plant µg/cm² leaf Roundness Beet roundness Beet roundness Root Visual inspection to observe if two embryo present in a single glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the bigerm seed Root potassium content Root Potassium content in root Potassium content Counting of black aphids Number of black aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Hypocotyl color Hypocotyl pigmentation Color Hypocotyl Spring / Emergence Number of plant with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYCENTI method Beet Chlorosis Virus susceptibility scale General scoring scale Root Root length Measurement of the average root length Length Perisperm Shape Perisperm Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the perisperm Spring population Plan population 400°Cd after sowing Population Spring Measurement of French Top Mean Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of the crown - The higher the number is, the more the crown tare is. Bract distribution Importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Distribution Flower bract variable_of Drought Stress scale Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Number of plants with sugar beet rust pustules - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Class of the diameter of the root at the point of break in cm for single beet Classification of root by diameter Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by centipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESCENTI method Early vigor scale Width Petiole Petiole width Minimum petiole width among plants Susceptibility to root rot due to Erwinia Betavasculorum Erwinia Betavasculorum Susceptibility Bacterial disease - Erwinia Betavasculorum Estimation of dry matter yield Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content predicted by FT-NIR Scale for Flowering Pattern within plants Susceptibility to yellow leaf spot due to Stemphylium beticola Susceptibility Fungal disease - Stemphylium beticola Stemphylium beticola Beet sugar yield Productivity - Beet sugar yield Root Sugar yield Proportion Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight Productivity - Soil proportion in raw beet weight Soil Scale for Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Ring color Root ring Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Color None Observation of seed shattering Estimation of Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity Foliar surface touched by cercospora leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Weight of beets before sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Sorting AUDPC of RLS AUDPC : Under curve area of RLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) Height Leaf Plant height on a group of single plants Leaf height Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors White Beets Rust gravity evolution Rust Fungal disease - Rust Gravity Curly top virus susceptibility scale Leaf Regrowth scale Height Root Root height Measurement of the average 'green above ground part' Perisperm SpDiameter Length Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the perisperm Perisperm Mutigermicity Germination Grain germination Seed Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Computation of Hypocotyl Temperature Delta Susceptibility to Fusarium - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Estimation of Fusarium Susceptibility The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the embryo Computation of embryo equivalent diameter Stem Color scale Seed Area External surface area of the hole seed measured Seed area Root Maggot susceptibility scale Number Viral disease - Blinkers Blinkers Counting of blinkers Observation of Leaf Color Determination of the average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Number of plants with cercospora leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (if no treatment - If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Mpa SPNBPLDESVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by vole on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Leaf blade length Leaf blade length on a group of single plants Length Leaf blade Leaf regrowth Leaf Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Regrowth Measurement of Top Thickness Height of top of the beet Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root length Measurement of Mean Root Length Fungal disease - Ramularia beticola Susceptibility Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Ramularia beticola Estimation of Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Foliar surface touched by sugar beet rust evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Beet size Root Beet size as the ratio of max on min beet width Size SUMNBCOSPMI method Summer Number of spider mites on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Sugar Beet Rust Gravity scale Computation of rotten gross gravity Weight of rotten beets parts relative to gross weight of beets Measurement of area of the seed coat External surface area of the seed coat measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. method_of