Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESCENTI Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Centipede 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched SPSHS Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Due To Heterodera Schachtii Daphné Verdelet 2 yellow / light green Empty seed Daphné Verdelet Empty seed GEVES/INRA Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Crane-Fly Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYCF Daphné Verdelet Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) - Cercospora Beticola CLS Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) - 80% dead plants CLSAUDPC Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Cercospora Leaf Spot (Cls) Audpc Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez SOITARE Daphné Verdelet Soil Tare Evaluation = %TARE Other (specify) 8 Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez ROOTSHAPE Root Shape Daphné Verdelet % S Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Sugar LeafNb Leaf Number Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta 5 intermediate Daphné Verdelet RadSpd GEVES/INRA Radicle Lengthening Speed (Root = 20 Mm) Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Millipede Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOMILL Leaf Position LPOSI Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Centipede Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYCENTI tender 3 Multigerm (2-4) 3 Daphné Verdelet GR/HA Florimond Desprez Gross Weight/T Per Ha No infection 1 WGHLE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Leaves Florimond Desprez GERM Daphné Verdelet Germity 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 1 present Orange 3 Wilting Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez WHIL Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Millipede Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESMILL Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez % DM Daphné Verdelet Dry Matter Content mM N LABAN Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Lab - Amino Nitrogen Content Of Beet Mush Daphné Verdelet Sugar Yield Florimond Desprez S/HA Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA FillingRatio Daphné Verdelet Seed Filling Ratio Florimond Desprez YELNB Daphné Verdelet Number Of Yellow Beets Summer Number Of Mangold Flies On Plants Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOMF Institut Technique de la Betterave BEWGT Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Beet Weight Daphné Verdelet YLS Yellow Leaf Spot (YLS) – Stemphylium beticola Florimond Desprez 0 no leaf yellowing Multigermicity Daphné Verdelet Multigerm seed GEVES/INRA 3 intermediate Daphné Verdelet Weight Proportion Of Root WGTPORO Institut Technique de la Betterave 1 Fertile Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter SeedCoatEqDiameter Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Leaf blade : Ratio Length / Width Daphné Verdelet LE/WI Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatShapeVA3d Seed Coat Shape VA3d GEVES 9 All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) Gross Weight/Plot Daphné Verdelet GR/PL Florimond Desprez Seed Coat lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatLength3d GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet DAMP Damping-off complex Florimond Desprez Standard Deviation Embryo Lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet EmbLength3d_STD GEVES/INRA 4 6 - 8 cm Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Sphericity index GEVES/INRA PeriSphericity RND M Beet Roundness Mean Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet PHOMA Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Phoma Betae BLINK Florimond Desprez Blinkers Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet PHYTO Damage By Phytoproducts Florimond Desprez Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Leaf Glossiness L GLO 9 All plants are covered with grey powdery mycellum (Infection 100%) Daphné Verdelet FCOVERAUPC Area Under Progress Curve Of FCOVER Over Time Institut Technique de la Betterave Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet L BLA Length Leaf Blade 1 very resistant Daphné Verdelet SBRA Florimond Desprez SugarBeet Root Aphid - Phemphigus betae Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Crane-Fly SPNBPLDESCF Daphné Verdelet GRIN PETWIDMAX Petiole Width - Maximum Beet Yellows Virus Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez BYV Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESFLBE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Striped Flea Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave Embryo Length Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmbLength 1 No wilting (Wilting 0%) End Use GRIN ENDUSE Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez Beet Cyst Nematode Heterodera Schachtii Beet Cyst Nematode (Bcn) – Heterodera Schachtii Daphné Verdelet BCN Institut Technique de la Betterave Nirs Leaf Area Index NILAI Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Cluster Fasciation GRIN CLUSTERFAS Florimond Desprez Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) - Ramularia beticola Daphné Verdelet RLS Standard Deviation Seed Coat lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatLength3d_STD GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina CRR Florimond Desprez 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 Flowering End International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet FloweringEnd Topping Quality Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave TOPQUAL Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOCF Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Crane-Fly Symptoms BWIDH Beet Width Half Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Downy Mildew (DM) – Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Daphné Verdelet DM Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA SeedSurfArea Seed Surface Area Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Flatness GEVES/INRA SeedCoatFlatness_STD intermediate 5 2 starting to bolt Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Persiperm Width 3d PeriWidth3d 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 Spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 Pseudomonas aptata Florimond Desprez PSEU Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet TWIN Percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Institut Technique de la Betterave NMBREBE Daphné Verdelet BeetShape Daphné Verdelet Beet Shape International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With White Grub Symptoms SPNBPLSYWHGR Institut Technique de la Betterave PolymyxaBetae Daphné Verdelet GRIN Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae. no aphid colonies nor wax present 0 No plants left (Infection 100%) 9 SUMNBPLTOMF Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Blate Pits Due To Mangold Fly Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Yellow Virus Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPTBYV Daphné Verdelet Leaf Hairiness GRIN LEAFHAIR Yellow spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) 2 Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Stem Nematode Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOSTNEM Standard Deviation Embryo SpDiameter mm Daphné Verdelet EmbSpDiameter_STD GEVES Standard Deviation Embryo Volume Daphné Verdelet GEVES EmbVol_STD 7 red purple Smoothness Score Mean Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez SMO M SUMNBCOSFB Summer Number Of Striped Flea Beetle On Plants Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave GEVES/INRA Seed Coat Width 3d SeedCoatWidth3d Daphné Verdelet BSI M Daphné Verdelet Beet Size Mean Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Perisperm Lenght 3d GEVES/INRA PeriLength3d 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 Slight infection (± 10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 PeriSphericity_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Sphericity index GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet % SUG Florimond Desprez G Fructose + Glucose Very heterogeneous 1 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) GRIN Daphné Verdelet PETLENMIN Petiole Length - Minimum GEVES/INRA SeedCoatThick Mean Seed Coat Thickness Daphné Verdelet partly monogerm /partly multigerm 2 3 resistant 6 Narrow triangular 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) Embryo Feret Shape 3d Daphné Verdelet EmbFeretShape3d GEVES/INRA 1 absent Institut Technique de la Betterave Wireworms counting WIWOCO Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatVol_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Volume GEVES Daphné Verdelet Nest Of Cercospora Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez NEST FLESHCOLOR Daphné Verdelet Flesh Color GRIN Daphné Verdelet YORNM Florimond Desprez Number Of Yellow-Orange Beets Daphné Verdelet CotylSrf Cotyledon Surface Area (At 110°Cd) GEVES/INRA 5 red vein 8 Light pink FELERLS Institut Technique de la Betterave Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Daphné Verdelet DMNHA Daphné Verdelet Dry Matter Yield NIR Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet MGT GEVES/INRA Mean Germination Time Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) 7 3 intermediate EmbEqDiameter Daphné Verdelet Embryo Equivalent Diameter GEVES/INRA Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet BOLN Bolting Number ROOTAPHIDS Daphné Verdelet GRIN Root Aphids WGTPOTO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Weight Proportion Of Top Daphné Verdelet BractDistrib Bract Distribution International Data Base for Beta Nirs - Dry Matter Of Beets Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet NIBDM Florimond Desprez SCLE Sclerotium rolfsii Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA VirtualSeedGrade Daphné Verdelet Virtual Seed Size Grade Daphné Verdelet KNa Florimond Desprez K + Na Embryo Volume EmbVol Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Florimond Desprez Width Leaf Blade WIBLA Daphné Verdelet Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 Dead Plants Daphné Verdelet DEADP Florimond Desprez 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) Standard Deviation Perisperm Surface Area GEVES PerispSurfArea_STD Daphné Verdelet 9 No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms Slight stunting, severe leaf curling; less than half of the upper leaf surface visible due to curling; most of the larger leaves still erect - Majority of plants with Score = 5 5 Cotyledon Temperature Delta Daphné Verdelet DeltaTempCot GEVES/INRA Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOLEMO Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Leaf Tunnels Due To Moth GRIN/Florimond Desprez Fusarium Yellows – Fusarium Oxysporum & Secorum FUSA Daphné Verdelet Fusarium 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat SpDiameter mm SeedCoatSpDiameter_STD Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYFLBE Daphné Verdelet Mean Root Width Daphné Verdelet RWIDT Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet RPOSI Beet Position In Soil OCVV/International Data Base for Beta DeltaTempRad GEVES/INRA Radicle Temperature Delta Daphné Verdelet Intermediate infection (± 40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) 6 Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Seed Coat Volume SeedCoatVol Daphné Verdelet Beet Width Max BWIDM Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Leaf Color L COL Florimond Desprez REFLAI Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image GEVES/INRA Seed Size Grade Daphné Verdelet SeedGrade Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) 9 5 No deficiency LeafBcyanin Leaf Betacyanin Pattern International Data Base for Beta Daphné Verdelet Weight Proportion Of Root Neck Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGTPORN GEVES/INRA Tx% Daphné Verdelet Time To Reach X% Of Germination 2 Spots on one or two leaves (around 25-50 spots)(Infection 2%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Millipede Symptoms SPNBPLSYMILL CotylFnlLg Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Cotyledon Final Length (At 110°Cd) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Number of Plant / Parcel POP EmbFeretShape3d_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Feret Shape 3d Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmbLength3d Daphné Verdelet Embryo Lenght 3d GEVES/INRA 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) Nirs - Chlorophyll Quantity In Plot Institut Technique de la Betterave NICHLOROPPL Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Petiole Width - Minimum PETWIDMIN GRIN Daphné Verdelet GRAVRLS Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Institut Technique de la Betterave Florimond Desprez Charcoal Root Rot (Crr) – Macrophomina Phaseolina - Foliar Ratings CRRF Daphné Verdelet PETIOLECOL Daphné Verdelet Petiole Color GRIN Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYBLLEG Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms Nirs - Sugar Content Of Beets Institut Technique de la Betterave NIBSC Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet EmbSurfArea_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Surface Area GEVES 3 yellow White Sugar Yield W&K WSY Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Maximum Beet Diameter Class CLBEDIAM Institut Technique de la Betterave 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Noctuid Moth Symptoms SPNBPLSYNOMO 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 Institut Technique de la Betterave SBRAUDPC Daphné Verdelet Sbr Audpc Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By White Grub SPNBPLDESWHGR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Seed Spacing Daphné Verdelet SEEDSP Institut Technique de la Betterave 7 susceptible FRT M Florimond Desprez French Top Mean Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Thrips SUMNBPLTOTHR Institut Technique de la Betterave 9 No plant left (± 0% plant stand) - 100% dead plants GRIN Life form (ie life cycle) LIFEFORM Daphné Verdelet Root Color Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet R COL GEVES Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm SpDiameter mm PerispSpDiameter_STD 4 Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched RUST Daphné Verdelet Rust – Uromyces Betae Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Double Plant At Field Emergence DBFEMER Institut Technique de la Betterave Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet PMAUDPC PM Audpc 6 > 15 cm 5 13 - 15 cm 4 Most leaves moderately curling; more than half of the upper surface of the leaf visible - Majority of plants with Score = 4 A few plants still standinf, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 8 Daphné Verdelet GRIN Ring Color RINGCOLOR 1 very resistant Florimond Desprez BETAN Daphné Verdelet Betaine NIR 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 2 2 or more colonies, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) SeedCoatRugosity_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Seed Coat Rugosity index Strong 7 Daphné Verdelet GRIN Cuticle Thickness CUTICLE 0 healthy Standard Deviation Perisperm Volume GEVES PerispVol_STD Daphné Verdelet Spring Population Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPRPOP GEVES/INRA Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatFlatness Seed Coat Flatness Daphné Verdelet GRIN Type Of Beet TYPE Daphné Verdelet SM/POL-IS Molasse Sugar (F) / % Sugar Florimond Desprez Green Apterous Aphid Counting GACO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 5 WGHAWA Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets After Washing Institut Technique de la Betterave Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Top Thickness TOTHI 5 strong vigor GEPOW Germinating Power Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet BLIST Blistering Florimond Desprez Florimond Desprez Percentage Of White Sugar Daphné Verdelet % WS 3 intermediate vigor Green 1 Embryo Shape VA3d GEVES EmbShapeVA3d Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLSYPYBE Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Twins 3 Summer Number Of Noctuid Moth Caterpillars On Plants SUMNBCONOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Perisperm Shape VA3d GEVES PerispShapeVA3d_STD All plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 40%) 6 Powdery Mildew (PM) – Erysiphe betae Daphné Verdelet GRIN/Florimond Desprez PM strong Gen Ap 4 highly tolerant 5 The 3, 4 remaing leaves with 50% decayed; other dead (Infection 80%) 8 RLEN Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Mean Root Length Most plants moderately yellowing (<10% plants with symptoms) (Infection 10%) 4 High : branched beet 1 Institut Technique de la Betterave Maximum Leaf Area Index With multispectral Image REFLAImax Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Equivalent Diameter SeedCoatEqDiameter_STD GEVES/INRA Institut Technique de la Betterave Beet Top Diameter Daphné Verdelet TODIAM Daphné Verdelet GREEN Florimond Desprez Stay Green 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) VRR Florimond Desprez Violet Root Rot (VRR) – Helicobasidium Purpureum Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Stem Nematode Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESSTNEM Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Embryo Sphericity index EmbSphericity 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet WGHBSO Weight Of Beets Before Sorting 4 Highly multigerm (>5) WISTA Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Width Leaf Stalk 3 Circular Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet LABK Lab - Potassium Content Of Beet Brei sample mM K GRAVCLS Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity Florimond Desprez BIGER Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Bigerme In Seeds Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Mild Yellowing Luteovirus Daphné Verdelet SPTBMYV Institut Technique de la Betterave GEVES Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatSurfArea_STD Standard Deviation Seed Coat Surface Area 2 Indeterminate GermFnlRt Germination Final Rate Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA SPNBPLTOGAME Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Game Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) 3 Florimond Desprez Tip Width Mean Daphné Verdelet TWI M Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez %GLUC G Glucose %IS K Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Invert Sugar Kit weak 3 Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA SumTemp50pctGerm Temperature Sum To Reach 50% Germination Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Invert Sugar Venema Daphné Verdelet %IS V No wilting (Wilting 0%) 1 Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Striped Flea Beetle Symptoms SPNBPLTOFLBE Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 Radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C Daphné Verdelet RadLg GEVES Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Slug Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOSLUG Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Embryo Width 3d EmbWidth3d Daphné Verdelet Aphanomyces cochlioides - Foliar Ratings ARF Florimond Desprez ERW Erwinia Rot – Erwinia Betavasculorum Root Rot Erwinia Daphné Verdelet Erwinia Rot GRIN/Florimond Desprez Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 MITOPBE Institut Technique de la Betterave Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Frozen Beets Daphné Verdelet FROST 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) Soil Humidity Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SOIHUM Normal seed Daphné Verdelet Normal seed GEVES/INRA fibrous 8 10 totally touched leaf SPNBPLDESGAME Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Game Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave CLDIAMBRE Daphné Verdelet Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Vole Symptoms SPNBPLSYVOLE Institut Technique de la Betterave Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 4 4 Slight wilting (>10% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 10%) GRIN/Florimond Desprez Hypocotyl Color HYPOCOTYL Daphné Verdelet 5 very homogeneous Stem Color International Data Base for Beta StemColor Daphné Verdelet 1 0 - 2 cm mM Na Lab - Sodium Content Of Beet Mush Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet LABNA Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Striped Flea Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOSFB Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Pygmy Beetle Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOPYBE 5 narrow oblong intermediate 1 Very weak Gen Ap correctly topped 4 Leaf and root veg. 3 Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Pygmy Beetle Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLDESPYBE No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet L STA Length Leaf Stalk Florimond Desprez Mg Daphné Verdelet Magnesium Deficiency Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Thrips On Plants SUMNBCOTHR Institut Technique de la Betterave Institut Technique de la Betterave WGHASO Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets After Sorting 5 medium Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Plants With Leaves Stinged By Beet Leaf Bug Daphné Verdelet SUMNBPLTOBLB Glabrous - hairs completely absent 0 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 Leaf Height Florimond Desprez LHEIG Daphné Verdelet 7 Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed (Old leaves starting wilting)(Infection 60%) Yellow 2 Drought Stress Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet DROU Daphné Verdelet Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal WGHBSR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet BSN Beet Stem Nematode – Ditylenchus Dipsaci Florimond Desprez EGermRt GEVES Daphné Verdelet Early germination rate 5 medium Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Juice Purity W&K W & K Daphné Verdelet Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) 6 semi-prostrate 7 Perisperm Volume Daphné Verdelet PerispVol GEVES/INRA 11 leaf from regrowth Top Height Mean THE M Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 2 Root vegetable 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 Slight leaf curl of the edge of new leaves; pimpling on the veins of the underside of the leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 3 3 Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SPSRCRR Absent/Present Beets Having Symptoms Of Rhizoctonia Crown And Root Rot SUMNBCOBLB Summer Number Of Beet Leaf Bug On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 2 Immune 0 6 Intermediate to severe wilting (>40% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 40%) 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) higly susceptible 9 attribute 1 No symptom (Infection 0%) Sm/Pol Institut Technique de la Betterave SMPOL Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Field Emergence Quality FIEMERQUAL 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) GEVES/INRA SeedCoatMaxThickness Seed Coat Maximum Thickness Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta FLoweringStart Flowering Start Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Net Weight/Ha T/HA Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTOWHGR Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With White Grub Symptoms 5 strong stay green Mangod Fly (Pegomyia betae) Blate Pits And Maggot Counting MFCO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez VERT Daphné Verdelet Verticillium 0 Immune Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 Daphné Verdelet Flowering Pattern – Within plants FLWRPATW GRIN Stem Diameter StemDiam Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Yellow 2 Daphné Verdelet Embryo Surface Area GEVES/INRA EmbSurfArea Florimond Desprez Stand Homogeneity Daphné Verdelet STAND Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOBLLEG Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Aphanomyces Black Leg Symptoms SUMNBPLLESPMI Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Summer Number Of Plants With Blate Touched By Spider Mite 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 0 Thin Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmbEqDiameter_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Equivalent Diameter Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Vole SPNBPLDESVOLE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Spider Mites On Plants Daphné Verdelet SUMNBCOSPMI Institut Technique de la Betterave NUMB. Daphné Verdelet Number Florimond Desprez 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) leaf from regrowth 11 Seed Volume SeedVol Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA weak 3 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Centipede Symptoms Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLTOCENTI Institut Technique de la Betterave multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering >95% of root surface 5 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 SeedCoatSpDiameter Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat SpDiameter mm GEVES SPNBPLTOVOLE Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Vole Symptoms Daphné Verdelet Maximum Green Vegetation Cover FCOVERmax Institut Technique de la Betterave 3 intermediate stay green Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Slug Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESSLUG Institut Technique de la Betterave Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 Completely male sterile, black or brown anthers 3 HYPGR Daphné Verdelet Percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Florimond Desprez 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) - 50% dead plants SBRM Florimond Desprez SugarBeet Root Maggot - Tetanops myopaeformis Daphné Verdelet No Symptoms - Majority of plants with Score = 1 1 4 Spots on nearly all leaves (Infection 10%) Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Absent/Present Beets Having Rhizopus Symptoms SPSRH Perisperm Shape VA3d GEVES PerispShapeVA3d Daphné Verdelet Seed Coat Surface Area Daphné Verdelet SeedCoatSurfArea GEVES/INRA SeedCoatMaxThickness_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Maximum Thickness GEVES/INRA 1 very resistant 3 Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Tb Germ Germination Base Temperature 2 Elliptic Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta LeafDryMat Leaf Dry Matter Content Monogerm 1 Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew FELEPM Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 Daphné Verdelet PeriWidth3d_STD GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Persiperm Width 3d 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) Soil Effect SOIL Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 3 intermediate deficiency Florimond Desprez ORANG Daphné Verdelet Number Of Orange Beets No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) 1 Ploidy Daphné Verdelet PLOI GRIN 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 2 Asynchronous Florimond Desprez TOT. Bolters Total Number Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Root Maggot GRIN ROOTMAGGOT BEDAMA Institut Technique de la Betterave Type Of Root Damage Daphné Verdelet PerispSpDiameter Daphné Verdelet Perisperm SpDiameter mm GEVES Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Empty Space Volume EmptyVolume_STD Flowering Time Daphné Verdelet FlorweringTime International Data Base for Beta 3 Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) Daphné Verdelet Sugar Beet Rust Gravity GRAVSBR Institut Technique de la Betterave Perisperm Equivalent Diameter PeriEqDiameter Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA 7 Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) 1 2-10 % foliar surface touched 5 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) International Data Base for Beta LeafFreshMat Daphné Verdelet Leaf Fresh Matter Yield Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA PSI b Germ Germination Base Water Potential Daphné Verdelet GRIN Root Aphids [1-4] ROOTAPHID Institut Technique de la Betterave Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Daphné Verdelet FELESBR Daphné Verdelet WHITE Florimond Desprez Number Of White Beets No infection 1 Only the center few whorls of leaves green and alive - Majority of plants with Score = 8 8 White 1 susceptible 7 strong stay green 4 several plants left (± 80% plant stand) - 20% dead plants 3 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) Hour of germination at 10°C GEVES HGerm Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Seed Coat Rugosity index SeedCoatRugosity PETLENMAX Daphné Verdelet GRIN Petiole Length - Maximum 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) Rotten Net Gravity RONETGRAV Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spots on most leaves easely visible (around 75-100 spots)(Infection 5%) 3 healthy 0 highly tolerant 5 Betaine HPLC Florimond Desprez BETAH Daphné Verdelet 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Embryo Width 3d EmbWidth3d_STD SUMNBPLTONOMO Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Summer Number Of Plant With Perforated Leaves Due To Noctuid Moth RUSTAUDPC Florimond Desprez Rust AUDPC Daphné Verdelet HeatTol_E High Temperatures Suceptibility Daphné Verdelet INRA 3 Red 1 No infection (100% plant stand) 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) 6 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal Daphné Verdelet WGHASR Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA DeltaTempHyp Hypocotyl Temperature Delta Dry Matter Yield DM/HA Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOLEH Summer Number Of Plants Touched By Leaf Hoppers Institut Technique de la Betterave Thermal time after emergence to reach X% of Green Vegetation Cover Daphné Verdelet TTFCOVER Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA EmbSphericity_STD Standard Deviation Embryo Sphericity index undertopped with petioles shorter than or equal to 2 cm 2 Florimond Desprez KG/PL Net Weight/Plot Daphné Verdelet Plants only have green leaves - Plot looks 100% green (Infection 0%) 1 Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYGAME Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Game Symptoms Many plants with yellowing, only few plants green (>80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) 8 7 Large number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>60% plants with symptoms)(Infection 60%) Daphné Verdelet TECHLGT Institut Technique de la Betterave Technical Length intermediate 5 9 very hard 4 Fodder Daphné Verdelet Bigerm seed GEVES/INRA Bigerm seed 6 red Some plants with totally yellow leaves (>20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 5 Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet LACHLOROLE Lab - Chlorophyll Quantity In Leaf = CHLO1 3 intermediate damages 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) EmbPres Presence Of Embryo Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA 4 Mixed Rhizoctonia Root Rot (RRR) – Rhizoctonia Solani Daphné Verdelet RRR GRIN/Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Lab- Sugar Content Of Beets Mush LABSC No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 Hairs very parse 3 Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Daphné Verdelet WGHROBE Daphné Verdelet FCOVER Green Vegetation Cover Over An Area Institut Technique de la Betterave %FRUC G Fructose Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Millipede (Blaniulus guttulatus) Counting MILLCO 8 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Younger leaves wilting)(Infection 80%) 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 2 Almost no infection (few plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) bracts to the top 9 9 - 11 cm 3 Entire defoliation (caution : regrowth !!!) (Infection 100%) 9 PerispSurfArea Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Perisperm Surface Area Daphné Verdelet Powdery Mildew Gravity GRAVPM Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Seedling Betacyanin Content SeedlingBcyanin General Scoring GEN. Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 GRIN/Florimond Desprez Black Root – Aphanomyces Cochlioides ARR Daphné Verdelet Aphanomyces Root Rot (Arr) – Aphanomyces Cochlioides Intermediate to severe infection (± 60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) 7 5 > 8 cm 9 higly susceptible 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Lab - Glucose Content Of Beet Mush Daphné Verdelet LABGLC GEVES/INRA Tb Seedling Seedling Growth Base Temperature Daphné Verdelet White 1 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) 3 A few yellow spots on most leaves easely visible (Infection 5%) 6 Increasing number of yellowing plants - Plot looks yellow (>40% plants with symptoms)(Infection 40%) Institut Technique de la Betterave CABAUPC Daphné Verdelet Area Under Progress Curve Of Chlorophyll Over Time Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez BRANC Branched Beet 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) prostrate 9 6 Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) 2 A few spots in the plot (Infection 2%) 2 Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) SeedCoatWidth3d_STD GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Seed Coat Width 3d Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet SLCOBSO Slugs Counting Before Sowing 7 Intermediate to severe infection (± 20% plant stand) Institut Technique de la Betterave ROGROGRAV Daphné Verdelet Rotten Gross Gravity 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 3 7 non-swollen All plants are covered with light white mycellum (Infection 60%) 7 very tender 1 10 totally touched leaf 8 Fibrous 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (up to 20 spots per plant) (Infection 10%) Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Area Under Progress Curve Of LAI Over Time LAIAUPC 5 intermediate Daphné Verdelet Empty Space Volume GEVES/INRA EmptyVolume Daphné Verdelet GRIN Flowering Pattern – Between plants FLWRPATB 1 some present on the lower part 0 Immune absent 0 nymphs present, mant adults present 4 3 light green Daphné Verdelet Nirs - Nitrogen Quantity In Plot NINIPL Institut Technique de la Betterave No plants left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 9 irregular 4 - 6 cm 3 Florimond Desprez Number Of Pink Beets Daphné Verdelet PINK 4 Red acronym GC Ground Cover Rate Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Abnormal seed Abnormal seed First coalescing spots on one or twi leaves (Infection 20%) 5 GEVES Standard Deviation Embryo Shape VA3d EmbShapeVA3d_STD Daphné Verdelet White to yellow 2 Absent/Present Beets Touched By Beet Western Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPTBW 2 7 - 9 cm 7 Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) Intermediate to severe infection (>60% beets with symptoms) 7 2-10 % foliar surface touched 1 Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Radicle Final Length (At 110°Cd) RadFnlLg Seed Shattering SeedShattering Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta 4 Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) Only a few plants show yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a few yellow plants (Infection 5%) 3 BolStart Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta Bolting Start 2 - 4 cm 2 Thick 9 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) Pink 2 7 Old leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) 6 angled topped Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 4 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) wounded and bruised 4 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 1 White 4 Distinct spots on most leaves (> 100 pots and rust spores starting to develop)(Infection 10%) 2 almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) - 10% dead plants Daphné Verdelet Number Of Red Beets Florimond Desprez RED 1 No infection (100% plant stand) 2 Monogerm and multigerm mixed Slight infection (± 65% plant stand) - 35% dead plants 4 Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) 5 GEVES/INRA Seed Mass SeedMass Daphné Verdelet CFCOBSO Daphné Verdelet Crane-Fly Counting Before Sowing Institut Technique de la Betterave Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) Daphné Verdelet Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLTONOMO Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Or With Noctuid Moth Symptoms 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) Spots on most leaves easely visible (up to 10 spots per plant) (Infection 5%) 3 Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Stem Nematode Symptoms SPNBPLSYSTNEM Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet SPNBPLDESBLLEG Institut Technique de la Betterave Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Aphanomyces Black Leg 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) Purple 5 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 8 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) Lab - Nitrogen Quantity In Leaf Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez LANILE Daphné Verdelet 9 All plants have yellow leaves, none have green leaves _ Plot colour dominantly yellow (Infection 100%) medium 5 6 narrow obtriangular Institut Technique de la Betterave BEDIAM Daphné Verdelet Maximum Beet Diameter weak deficiency 4 Sugar extraction 5 7 hard green 3 undertopped with no petioles 3 Standard Deviation Perisperm Lenght 3d Daphné Verdelet PeriLength3d_STD GEVES/INRA 2 green / light green 2.5cm diameter each, covering <50% of root surface]]> 3 3 Several plants with wilting (>5% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 5%) 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 2 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Hypocotyl Lengthening Speed (Hyp = 25 Mm) HypSpd 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 9 Summer Number Of Moth On Plants Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBCOMO Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez L UND Leaf Undulation weak damages 2 Several plant left (± 80% plant stand) 3 BNYVV Daphné Verdelet Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus (BNYVV) Rhizomania Florimond Desprez inflorescence half way up 5 untopped with petioles longer than 2 cm 1 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 4 Distincts spots on most leaves but not coalescing (Infection 10%) Medium 5 1 No infection (100% plant stand) REGRO Florimond Desprez Leaf Regrowth Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant With Slug Symptoms Institut Technique de la Betterave SPNBPLSYSLUG 5 intermediate 6 Biomass No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 Bolters Counting BOLC Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez 5 Some plants with totally yellow leaves - 20-40% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 20%) 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 1 No infection pink 5 7 Strong 1 very resistant 3 A couple of plants with slight yellowing - 5-10% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 5%) RhizoYellow Daphné Verdelet Rhizomania Yellowing GRIN 7 susceptible 6 50-100% flower 4 orange Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 8 resistant 3 strong deficiency 2 Yellow 5 1 Very strong deficiency 1 No infection Broad elliptic 4 susceptible 7 4 Distinct yellow spots on most leaves but not many brown necrotic spots (Infection 10%) 1 No infection (Infection 0%) WGHBWA Institut Technique de la Betterave Weight Of Beets Before Washing Daphné Verdelet 7 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched Institut Technique de la Betterave Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Daphné Verdelet FELECLS 4.5 - 7 cm 1 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) RLSAUDPC Institut Technique de la Betterave/Florimond Desprez Ramularia Leaf Spot (RLS) Audpc Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet International Data Base for Beta StemNb Stem Number 7 Very hairy 1 very little 4 strong damages 1 No damages 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 1 one colony, wax (or both), ≤2.5cm diameter each 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>40% plants with symptoms) (Infection 40%) Intermediate number of yellowing plants - Plot looks slightly yellow (>20% plants with symptoms)(Infection 20%) 5 > 90% past flowering 7 2 weak Gen Ap 1 little TRIGE Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez Percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds 2 susceptible 1 erect Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) 8 Narrow oblong 5 Daphné Verdelet Curly Top GRIN/Florimond Desprez CTOP Curly Top Virus 5 Orange 9 No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms white 1 Loss of leaves due to Water stress Institut Technique de la Betterave REFLAIloss Daphné Verdelet low 3 GEVES SeedCoatShapeVA3d_STD Daphné Verdelet Standard Deviation Seed Coat Shape VA3d 1 No infection Fodder_beet ontology Sugar_beet ontology leaf from regrowth 11 susceptible 7 1 Narrow elliptic Institut Technique de la Betterave Daphné Verdelet Spring / Emergence Number Of Plant Destructed By Noctuid Moth SPNBPLDESNOMO < 10% flower 4 100 percent leaf yellowing 9 Daphné Verdelet SeedMaturity Seed Maturity International Data Base for Beta Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 Semi-fertile, more or less dehiscent anthers 2 3 bolting PeriEqDiameter_STD Daphné Verdelet GEVES/INRA Standard Deviation Perisperm Equivalent Diameter 9 higly susceptible 2 Spots on one or two leaves (up to 5 spots per plant) (Infection 2%) 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 7 susceptible 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) Severe stunting, yellowing; leaves prostate and some leaves dead - Majority of plants with Score = 7 7 intermediate 5 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 highly susceptible 1 4 Yellow orange Intermediate infection (± 35% plant stand) - 65% dead plants 6 Florimond Desprez Beet Mild Yellowing Virus BMYV Daphné Verdelet Vein clearing of heart leaves, slight pimpling of veins on the underside of leaves - Majority of plants with Score = 2 2 No plant left (0% plant stand) 9 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) overtopped with under half of max diameter bundle rings visible 5 5 very strong damages - the whole plot is burned Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 Entire defoliation - caution : regrowth !!! (Infection 100%) 9 nymphs present, no adults present 2 2 Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 51 - 60 % foliar surface touched 6 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 9 No plant left (0% plant stand) high 7 2 susceptible resistant 3 1 no nymphs or adults present 1 No infection (100% plant stand) Florimond Desprez Manganese Deficiency Daphné Verdelet MAGNE GRIN MALESTER Male Sterility Daphné Verdelet 5 Slight to intermediate infection (± 50% plant stand) Florimond Desprez Dry Matter Content NIR Daphné Verdelet DMNIR 2 Spots on one or two leaves (Infection 2%) 5 First coealescing spots on one or two (old) leaves (Infection 20%) Intermediate wilting (>20% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 20%) 5 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched 3 21- 30 % foliar surface touched 1 No infection 5 medium 4 tolerant Daphné Verdelet BACO Black Aphid Counting Institut Technique de la Betterave No plant with symptoms (Infection 0%) 1 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 6 11 leaf from regrowth Summer Number Of Plant With Eroded Intern Crown - Moth Institut Technique de la Betterave SUMNBPLTOCRMO Daphné Verdelet Empty 1 3 Yellow 2 11 - 20% foliar surface touched Early Vigor Florimond Desprez EARLY Daphné Verdelet Daphné Verdelet FleshCoarness International Data Base for Beta Root Flesh Coarness Embryo SpDiameter mm GEVES EmbSpDiameter Daphné Verdelet 5 First large brown necrotic spots, spots on one or two leaves (Infection 20%) present 9 5 Very strong Gen Ap 0 healthy Use unknown 7 BChV Beet Chlorosis Virus Daphné Verdelet Florimond Desprez hairy 5 8 Severe infection (>80% beets with symptoms) 4 Slight infection - Plot still looks green as dominant colour (>10% plants with clear yellow symptoms) (Infection 10%) 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 2 Almost no wilting (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Wilting 2%) 7 More than 50% of plants with totaly yellow leaves + Beginning of necrosis - 60-80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 60%) resistant 3 bruised 3 5 intermdiate 1 No plant with symptoms - No Symptoms (Yellowing 0%) intermediate 3 Florimond Desprez Daphné Verdelet BOLT/ Nb Of Bolters/Nb Of Beets homogeneous 4 1 No infection / No spots (Infection 0%) 7 Strong 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 3 nymphs present, few adults present All old and intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 100%) 9 4 Red 2 Single plants with slight yellowing (1 or 2 plants with symptoms) (Infection 2%) 7 dark 6 Distinct large brown necrotic sppots on most leaves + start coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) 31 - 40% foliar surface touched 4 Most plants moderately yellowing - 10-20% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 10%) 4 2 One embryo Slight to intermediate infection (± 20% plants with symptoms) (Infection 20%) 5 entire red 9 4 multiple colonies, wax (or both), covering 50 to 95% of root surface elliptic 2 7 More than 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves (>60% plants with symptoms) (Infection 60%) very resistant 1 7 Severe wilting (>60% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 60%) Multigerm 3 5 Purple Daphné Verdelet FEROBE Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Institut Technique de la Betterave No plant left or All roots with severe symptoms 9 1 Very weak vigor 4 strong vigor 6 Candy Striped, alternating red and green streaks on bolted flower stalks and larger lateral branches. 3 resistant 3 Several plants with infection (± 5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) 3 circular Strong 7 9 very much 8 Remaining leaves with 50% decayed while others dead (Infection 80%) 4 31 - 40% foliar surface touched higly susceptible 9 narrow ellipic 1 broad elliptic 4 3 Orange 6 Up to 50% of plants with totally yellow leaves - 40-60% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 40%) 5 moderate 5 More than 20 spots per plant (Infection 20%) 1 Determinate A couple of plants with slight yellowing (>5% plants with symptoms) (Infection 5%) 3 5 41 - 50% foliar surface touched Medium 5 7 First leaves up to 50% decayed (Infection 60%) 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 non damaged 1 semi-erect 3 Relatively clean roots (>5% beets with symptoms) 3 5 Most of the plants are covered with light white mycellum on the upperside (Infection 20%) 8 Only a few green leaves - Plot looks dominantly yellow (>80% plants with symptoms)(Infection 80%) 9 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) weak 3 Intermediate infection (>40% beets with symptoms) 6 2 Single plants with slight yellowing - Up to 5% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 2%) 2 Almost no infection (± 90% plant stand) 3 Weak All plants severly damaged, no plants green (Infection 100%) 9 <0.1 not branched beet 0 Leaf vegetable 1 9 All plants severely wilting (Wilting 100%) Almost only clean roots (1 or 2 beets with symptoms) 2 71 - 80 % foliar surface touched 8 61 - 70 % foliar surface touched 7 2 A single plant shows yellow leaves - Plot looks dominantly green with a single yellow plant (Infection 2%) All older and younger leaves wilting or dead (Infection 100%) 9 weak vigor 2 11 - 13 cm 4 All plants are covered with thick white mycellum (Infection 80%) 8 6 Spots coalesce to patches (Infection 40%) rosette stadium 1 9 higly susceptible weak stay green 2 Synchronous 1 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) - 95% dead plants 8 heterogeneous 2 intermediate Gen Ap 3 8 Many plants with necrosis, only few plants green - More 80% of leaf area yellow (Yellowing 80%) absent 1 0 healthy 41 - 50% foliar surface touched 5 10 totally touched leaf Very weak stay green 1 intermediate 5 9 81 - 90 % foliar surface touched Old leaves up to 50-60% decayed; Many old leaves wilting (Infection 60%) 7 Remaing leaves with 50% decayed while others dead; Intermediate leaves wilting (Infection 80%) 8 0 absent entity fully bolting < 10% flowering, 10-50% flower 5 Several plants show spots on leaves (Infection 5%) 3 1 very resistant Severe infection: few plants surviving, others dead (± 80% plants with symptoms) (Infection 80%) 8 7 Non-swollen Plant dead - Majority of plants with Score = 9 9 Most plants with strong necrosis - Complete yellowing and necrosis (Yellowing 100%) 9 Slight to intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 Slight to Intermediate infection (>20% beets with symptoms) 5 resistant 3 spotted 3 highly susceptible 1 9 Pink 4 tolerant 4 Slight infection (>10% beets with symptoms) 1 Monogerm red 7 2 wounded totally touched leaf 10 0 Immune a few plants still standing, other plants wilting (>80% plants with symptoms) (Wilting 80%) 8 11 - 20% foliar surface touched 2 Severe infection (± 5% plant stand) 8 Immune 0 6 Stunting, slight yellowing; most leaves becoming prostrate - Majority of plants with Score = 6 Root Beet size Beet size as the ratio of max on min beet width Size Fungal disease - Cercospora Cercospora nests Presence Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by millipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESMILL method Number Stem number Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Stem Counting of Cercospora beticola Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th notation Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCENTI and SPNBPLSYCENTI SPNBPLTOCENTI method °C Measurement of perisperm shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Counting the number of genetic twins seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of twins Determination of the percentage Of Genetic Twin In Seeds Weight of beets before soil removal for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Soil Removal Counting of bolting plant Number of bolting plants for thousand plants at 1500°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2500°Cd and 3000°Cd after sowing Juice Juice purity of a brei sample representative from the whole plot Juice purity Purity Betaine content in root Betaine content Root Betaine content by FT-NIR Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Computation of Radicle Temperature Delta Hypocotyl pigmentation Observation of Hypocotyl pigmentation Leaf area index (LAI) evolution LAI Leaf AUPC of leaf area index Area index Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Sorting Weight of beets before sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Heterogeneity of growth due to soil structure or soil depth Effect Soil effect Soil Maximum diameter of single beet Measurement of Beet Diameter SPNBPLSYCENTI method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with centipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Computation of seed coat flatness index Surface flatness measures how flat is the surface of seed coat Length Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the perisperm Perisperm SpDiameter Perisperm Weight of a single beet without leaves Root Weight Productivity - Beet weight Integral of the logistic curve using the population countings at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd Computation of field emergence quality mm Standard deviation of the volume of the embryo Volume Embryo Embryo volume Length Leaf blade length on a group of single plants Leaf blade length Leaf blade Wilting Plant Plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress Plant wilting Number Counting of millipede guttulatus Millipede guttulatus Pests - Blaniulus guttulatus Observation of Leaf Undulation Determination of the average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Root maggot Pests - Root maggot Susceptibility to root maggot Susceptibility Flowering start time Date of the seed bearer flowering start Plant Flowering start time Measurement of cotyledon surface area Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Classification of root by diameter Class of the diameter of the root at the point of break in cm for single beet Measurement of seed coat sp diameter Seed coat sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of the crown - The higher the number is, the more the crown tare is. Measurement of French Top Mean Measurement of petiole width among Width Maximum Mean maximum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Estimation of juice purity from the 'Wieniger & Kubadinov' formula based on impurity (K, Na and Alpha-N) and sucrose contents Determination of juice purity Susceptibility Root aphids Pests - Phemphigus betae Susceptibility to root aphids Number of plant Pests - Vole Vole symptoms Number of plant with vole symptoms Observation of Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Phoma Betae Susceptibility scale Susceptibility to Rust (Uromyces betae) at plot level - 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th notation Estimation of Rust Susceptibility Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by centipede on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESCENTI method Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity scale Cumulative thermal time to reach 50% of germination Sum of daily mean temperature minus the base threshold value (germination base temperature Tbgerm) which is necessary from sowing to reach fifty percent germination. Height Leaf height Plant height on a group of single plants Leaf Stemphylium beticola susceptibility scale Seed coat equivalent diameter Diameter Seed coat Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the seed coat Non Orange beet number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Orange beet Number Standard deviation of the embryo width Width Embryo Embryo width Beet roundness Root Beet roundness Roundness Root shape in longitudinal section Observation of Root Shape Leaf Fresh matter yield Productivity - Leaf fresh matter yield Total fresh matter yield of leaves AUDPC of CLS AUDPC : Under curve area of CLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) count unit Leaf Regrowth scale % Plot Population Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Stand homogeneity Use Plant General growth type and/or use type Productivity - Plant target use Root shape in longitudinal section Shape Root Root shape Number of plant Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms Crane-fly symptoms Pests - Crane-fly Evaluation of total foliar surface Calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery (in m²/m²) Measurement of the importance of branched beet Branched Root Branched beet Growth of plants under heat condition and rate the tolerance Heat stress tolerance Plant Heat stress tolerance HeatTol Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors Pink Beets Observation of the Flowering End Date of the seed bearer flowering end t/ha Summer Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCONOMO method Counting of hors Yellow-Orange Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Dead plant number Number Dead plant Count the number of dead plants for a whole plot Fusarium Susceptibility scale Wireworms Number Pests - Wireworms Counting of wireworms Water potential threshold value under which germination does not occur Computation of Germination Base Water Potential Embryo area Standard deviation of the external surface area of the embryo Area Embryo Aphanomyces cochlioides susceptibility scale Mean spacing between seeds measured on a line of 10 seeds Measurement of seed spacing Sugar content (saccharin) of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush Measurement of sugar content of beet mush Leaf cuticle Cuticle thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle Thickness Perisperm area Area Perisperm Standard deviation of the external surface area of the perisperm Presence of hairiness of leaf surface Leaf hairiness Leaf Hairiness The width of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Measurement of embryo width Root net weight Productivity - Root net weight Root Weight Measurement of width Leaf blade Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade width Absent/Present beets touched by beet western - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBW method Root aphids susceptibility scale 2 Color of petiole Petiole color Petiole Color Determination of the percentage Of Green Hypocotyl In Seeds Counting the number of plantlets with green hypocotyl after germinating test of a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of green hypocotyl Computation of Soil Tare Evaluation Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight - calculated on 5 samples of 100 beets Maximal diameter Beet width Root Width Leaf Glossiness scale Susceptibility to Violet Root [Helicobasidium purpureum] Observation of violet root rot susceptibility Radicle lengthening speed Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Radicle Growth rate Perisperm sp diameter measured in millimiter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of perisperm sp diameter Determination of ploidy Determination by flux cytometer of the level of ploidy Non Yellow beet number Number Non Yellow beet Number of beets by color not in root color trait Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Ramularia Leaf Spot Number of plants with ramularia leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Damping-off complex scale Number of beets with topping class Topped beet number Topped root Number Determination of the beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Observation of Bolting Start Green vegetation Green vegetation cover (FCOVER) evolution Cover AUPC of green vegetation cover Ring Color scale Root Length Beet length between top and tail Beet length Susceptibility to root rot due to Sclerotium rolfsii Fungal disease - Sclerotium rolfsii Sclerotium rolfsii Susceptibility AUPC of Chlorophyll Under progress curve area of Chlorophyll content evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures Estimation of Rhizomania Rhizomania Susceptibility to Rhizomania - 1st, 2nd and 3rd notation Date Scale for Presence Of Embryo Observation of flowering pattern between plants Flowering pattern between plants Leaf wilting under drought stress Drought stress Drought stress susceptibility Leaf Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Evaluation of the plot population homogeneity Pests - Pygmy beetle Pygmy beetle symptoms Number of plant Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms Embryo feret shape Shape Embryo Standard deviation of the diameter of the embryo corresponds to the maximum extent in a given direction Shape of the beet Shape Root Beet shape Greeness Plant Productivity - Plant stay green Evaluation of the average plant stay green Presence of embryo Presence Automatic detection of the presence of embryo Embryo Number of plant Pests - Millipede Millipede symptoms Number of plant with AB217 symptoms Ratio Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESNOMO method Estimation of Black Aphanomyces Cochlioides Susceptibility to Black Root (Aphanomyces cochliodes). Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Measurement of Stem Diameter Violet Root Rot susceptibility scale Counting of bolters First, second, third and fourth count of bolting plants for a whole plot Height Measurement of the average 'green above ground part' Root height Root Seed mass Mass Seed Individual seed mass Susceptibility Phoma betae Susceptibility to Phoma betae Fungal disease - Phoma betae Standard deviation of the perisperm length Perisperm lenght Perisperm Length Seed shattering Seed Shattering None Scale for Flowering Pattern between plants Shape Embryo Shape Standard deviation of the shape factor of the embryo Embryo Bacterial disease - Erwinia Betavasculorum Susceptibility Susceptibility to root rot due to Erwinia Betavasculorum Erwinia Betavasculorum Counting of blate pits Blate pits Number Pests - Pegomyia betae Number of bolting plants for thousand plants after sowing Bolting plant Number Bolting plant number Scale for Flowering Pattern within plants Susceptibility to beet mild yellowing Virus Susceptibility Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing virus Beet Mild Yellowing Virus Pests - Striped flea beetle Number Number of striped flea beetle on plants Striped flea beetle unitless Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani Susceptibility to root rot due to Rhizoctonia solani Susceptibility Rhizomania Yellowing susceptibility scale Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Measurement of hypocotyl lengthening speed Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by crane-fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESCF method Stages of seed bearer flowering Observation of flowering time Computation of Ratio Length / Width of leaf blade Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Counting Counting the number of plants in a plot Quantity of nitrogen in leaves - measured in laboratory Measurement of nitrogen in leaves mm² Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the seed coat Rugosity index Seed coat Seed coat rugosity index Sugar Beet Rust Gravity scale Sugar yield calculated in t/ha Computation of sugar yield Computation of seed coat equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the seed coat Topping quality scale Invert sugar content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Estimation of content predicted by FT-NIR Class of the maximum diameter of single beet in cm Classification of root by maximum diameter Measurement of width Leaf Stalk Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk width General growth type and/or use type. Observation of type Of Beet Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves around 15th of May, 25th of May and 06th of June - using a photography vertically taken Computation of Ground Cover Rate Computation of seed's filling ratio Estimating the percentage of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed in % Seed coat flatness Seed coat Standard deviation of the flat surface of the seed coat Flatness Measurement of embryo length The length of the embryo in millimeter (mm) Observation of Main color of flesh Observation of Main color of flesh Productivity - Root gross weight Root gross weight Root Weight SPNBPLTOSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSLUG and SPNBPLSYSLUG SUMNBCOTHR method Summer Number of thrips on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Number of plant with white grub symptoms Pests - White grub Number of plant White grub symptoms Computation of Fresh Matter Yield of leaves Total fresh matter yield of leaves Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Measurement of cotyledon temperature Count of bolting plants for a whole plot Bolting plant Number Bolting plant count SUMNBCOBLB method Summer Number of beet leaf bug on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Bract distribution Importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Flower bract Distribution Root Maggot susceptibility scale Size Seed size Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape Seed Summer Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOLEH method Mpa Scale for Beet Position In Soil Blinkers Viral disease - Blinkers Counting of blinkers Number Glossiness Average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade Leaf blade glossiness Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit on frozen brei sample - in g/100g of fresh matter Measurement of Invert sugar content Weight Rotten beet weight Rotten root Productivity - Rotten beet weight Main color of flesh Flesh Flesh color Color Phemphigus betae susceptibility scale Counting of Slugs Before Sowing Number of slugs on 0.25 sqm using traps - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Seed coat Seed coat thickness Thickness Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh Estimation of Beet Yellowing Virus Susceptibility to Beet Mild Yellowing Virus The ratio of the filled volume of the seed to the total volume of the seed Seed filling ratio Filling rate Seed Green vegetation Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Cover Green vegetation cover Observation of Bract Distribution Description of the importance of the inflorescence ramification on single plants Early germination rate Seed Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Germination rate Measurement of cotyledon final length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth (reached at about 110°Cd - Tb=3°C) Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the embryo Embryo Length Embryo Sphere Diameter Number Green apterous aphids Counting of green apterous aphids Pests - Green aphid Leaf Color scale Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Washing Weight of beets after washing for the entire plot Observation of Root Maggot susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Maggot Mesure of germinating power Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf stalk length Measurement of length Leaf Stalk Free Glucose content of root measured on frozen brei sample (g/100g Fresh matter) by HPLC Measurement of free Glucose content by HPLC SPNBPLTOWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESWHGR and SPNBPLSYWHGR Computation of Mean Germination Time Calculated as: Σ (n T)/ Σ n, where n = number of seeds newly germinated at time T; T = hours from the beginning of the germination test, Σ n = final germination. Root Fructose and glucose content in root Free fructose and glucose onfresh matter Fructose and glucose content Measurement of petiole length among Length Maximum Mean maximum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Estimation of magnesium deficiency Observe the Magnesium Deficiency 1 + Alter, Magnesium Deficiency 2 + Alter Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Observation of Leaf Regrowth Measurement of Size Grade Seed size measured using sieves Number Spider mites Pests - Spider mites Number of spider mites on plants Number of inflorescence ramifications including the main Counting of Stem Number Observation of lifeform Life form of the accession Pests - Leaf hoppers Number of plant Number of plants touched by leaf hoppers Leaf hoppers Susceptibility to Cercospora beticola Susceptibility Cercospora beticola Fungal disease - Cercospora Beticola Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Counting of Curly top Curly Top Width Petiole width Petiole Minimum petiole width among plants Computation of perisperm equivalent diameter The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the perisperm AUDPC : Under curve area of RUST gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of RUST Computation of quality index with Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization / quantity of extractable sugar - Formula including Invert sugar (glucose) Alpha-amino nitrogen content in root Root alpha-amino nitrogen content Alpha-amino nitrogen content Root Embryo sp diameter measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Measurement of embryo sp diameter The volume of the empty space in the seed measured in mm3 Measurement of the volume of the empty space in the seed Estimation of Inflorescence cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster fasciation Color of the inflorescence stem Observation of Stem Color Leaf blade Observation of the leaf blade Blistering Observation Chlorophyll content evolution Leaf Chlorophyll content AUPC Chlorophyll Area External surface area of the hole seed measured Seed Seed area Root gross yield calculated in t/ha Computation of root gross yield Hairiness of leaf surface Observation of Hairiness of leaf surface Evaluation of the average plant stay green Evaluation of the average plant stay green Fungal disease - Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility to violet root due to Helicobasidium purpureum Susceptibility Helicobasidium purpureum Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESGAME and SPNBPLSYGAME SPNBPLTOGAME method Percentage of bolters Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content predicted by FT-NIR Estimation of dry matter yield Susceptibility Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Viral disease - Chlorosis Virus Beet Chlorosis Virus Pests - Mangold fly Number Number of mangol flies on plants Mangol flies Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot due to Stemphylium beticola Estimation of Susceptibility to Yellow Leaf Spot Computation of Potassium and Sodium content Sum of Potassium and Sodium content in the root Number of beets by color not in root color trait Non Yellow-orange beet Non Yellow-orange beet number Number Observation of seed maturity None Observation of rings color Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Inflorescence cluster fasciation Fasciation Cluster fasciation Inflorescence cluster Plant Date of the seed bearer flowering end Flowering end time Flowering end time Measurement of top Height Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average 'green above ground part' Charcoal Root Rot susceptibility scale Loss Loss of leaves (LAI) Loss of leaves due to water stress : reference measure based on an image to evaluate total foliar surface Leaf Fungal disease - Ramularia Leaf Damage by Ramularia Damage by Ramularia Estimation of Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity Foliar surface touched by ramularia leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing White sugar content in root Root White sugar content in the root White sugar content Diameter of the main inflorescence stem Diameter Stem Stem diameter Volume Perisperm volume Standard deviation of the volume of the perisperm Perisperm Persiperm width Width Standard deviation of the perisperm width Perisperm Susceptibility Susceptibility to Macrophomina Phaseolina Macrophomina Phaseolina Fungal disease - Macrophomina Phaseolina Ramularia beticola Susceptibility Fungal disease - Ramularia beticola Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Verticillium wilt Fungal disease - Verticillium Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Susceptibility g/100g of fresh matter SPNBPLSYBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Absent/Present Damage by sugar beet rust Leaf Fungal disease - Sugar beet rust Damage by sugar beet rust Measurement of the embryo volume Volume of the embryo measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Rhizomania - Beet Necrotic Yellowing Vein Virus susceptibility sclN Sphericity index Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the embryo Embryo Embryo sphericity index SPNBPLSYSLUG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with slug symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Summer Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTONOMO method SUMNBPLTOTHR method Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by thrips - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Cercospora Beticola susceptibility scale Leaf area index (LAI) LAI Leaf area index (LAI) evaluated by NIRS Area index Leaf Measurement of perisperm width The width of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Plot Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Productivity - Weight Of Beets Weight Top beet thickness Thickness Height of top of the beet Top root Start time Bolting start time Beginning of the flowering induction (date) in seed bearer production Bolting Seed Germination final rate Germination rate Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Sugar Beet Rust Number of plants with sugar beet rust pustules - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Measurement of the perisperm volume Volume of the perisperm measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Perisperm Perisperm equivalent diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the persiperm Diameter Computation of rotten net gravity Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Susceptibility to Black Foliar [Aphanomyces cochliodes]. Estimation of Black Foliar Ratings External surface area of the seed coat measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the seed coat Leaf Phytoproduct damage Phytoproducts damage Foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Pests - Noctuid moth Perforated leaves Number of plant Number of plant with perforated leaves due to noctuid moth Observation of Leaf Height Determination of the plant height on a group of single plants Scoring of foliar damages linked to insecticide and/or herbicide applications Observation of foliar damages by phytoproducts Measurement of Weight Of Rotten Beets Parts Rotten parts of beets are cut and weighed together Hypocotyl pigmentation Color Hypocotyl color Hypocotyl Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci Susceptibility Ditylenchus dipsaci Pests - Ditylenchus dipsaci Leaf blade Average undulation of the margin of leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade undulation Undulation Root sodium content Sodium content in root Root Sodium content Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Dry matter predicted by a NIRS Root Sodium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of sodium content of beet mush Non White beet number Non White beet Number of beets by color not in root color trait Number Normal Normal seed Percentage of normal seeds in a sample Seed Diameter of single beet top Measurement of Beet Top Diameter Germination Mutigermicity Grain germination Seed Evaluation of LAI loss : 0 if no loss to -1 if 100% loss Evaluation of LAI Measurement of petiole length among Length Minimum Mean minimum petiole length among plants (in centimeters). Minimum petiole length among plants Petiole Length Petiole length Percentage of bolters in a whole plot Percentage Bolting percentage Bolting plant Automatic detection of the presence of embryo. Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 2D X-Ray. Measurement of the presence of embryo Susceptibility Root aphids Pests - Root aphids Susceptibility to root aphids weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Measurement of weight of leaves General scoring scale Root width Width Root Measurement of the average root width Rhizoctonia Solani susceptibility scale SPNBPLDESWHGR method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by white grub on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Summer Number of blate pits due to mangol fly on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOMF method SUMNBPLTOBLB method Summer Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Summer Number of striped flea beetle on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOSFB method Root Shape scale mm3 Petiole Color scale Ditylenchus Dipsaci susceptibility scale Ground coverage by plant leaves Leaf Rate of ground covered by sugar beet leaves Ground coverage Measurement of area of the embryo External surface area of the embryo measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Weight of rotten beets parts relative to gross weight of beets Computation of rotten gross gravity Under progress curve area of FCOVER evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures AUPC of FCOVER Evaluation of flesh coarness Coarness Flesh Flesh coarness Number Plant population after sowing Plant Number of plants after sowing Cotyledon Area Cotyledon surface area at the end of the heterotrophic growth Cotyledon area Ramularia Leaf Spot Gravity scale Measurement of beet weight Weight of a single beet without leaves Root Rot Susceptibility scale Leaf regrowth after abiotic (drought) or biotic (Cerco) stress Leaf Regrowth Leaf regrowth Computation of Embryo Length Maximal length of the embryo extracted from the virtual embryo skeleton and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Non Pink beet Non Pink beet number Number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Bigerm seed Percentage of bigerm seeds in a seed sample Seed Bigerm Leaf blade Leaf blade width Width Leaf blade width on a group of single plants Beet diameter Diameter Class of the maximum diameter of single beet Root Root Rot Erwinia scale Susceptibility Pseudomonas aptata Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Bacterial disease - Pseudomonas aptata SPNBPLSYMILL method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Time of reach x% of germination Time to reach x% of the total number of seeds, x = 10 to 90 Plant Plant life forme (ie life cycle) state : annual, biannual, perenial… Plant life cycle state Life form Cotyledon temperature Cotyledon Temperature Cotyledon temperature minus growth media temperature Aphanomyces Root Rot susceptibility scale Computation of quality index without Invert Sugar French industrial quality index = molasses sugar on polarization /quantity of extractable sugar - Formula without Invert sugar (glucose) Countind of frozen beets Observe the plants per plot under frost condition and count the number of frozen beets Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility scale Susceptibility to seedling disease due to soil-borne fungi (Aphanomyces cochlioides, R. solani, Pythium spp., Phoma betae) Damping-off complex Susceptibility to Curly top on plot basis Viral disease - Curly top virus Susceptibility Curly top Measurement of embryo shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Soil Humidity Measurement of soil humidity Soil Humidity Leaf Betacyanin Pattern scale Germination time Seed Time of the germination of the seed Germination time Root Beets having rhizopus symptoms Rhizopus symptoms Fungal disease - Rhizopus Seed coat width Standard deviation of the seed coat width Width Seed coat Counting of hors Yellow Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Measurement of mutigermicity Visual inspection to observe wether one, two or more glomerules are sticked together into one glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Scale for Maximum Beet Diameter Class Measurement of net weight Root net weight / microplot in kg/ha Visual inspection to observe if two embryo present in a single glomerule. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the bigerm seed Proportion Productivity - Soil proportion in raw beet weight Soil Gross beet weight minus washed beet weight relative to gross beet weight Root color below ground of a group of single plants Observation of below ground of a group Root Color Stem Color scale Observation of Root Aphid susceptibility Susceptibility to root aphid scoring at harvest presence of aphid colonies on the outside of the beet root in combination with presence of wax using the Hutchinson and Campbell disease scoring scale scale_of Seed Shattering scale Root Measurement of the average root groove Smoothness Smoothness Early count of percentage of germinated seeds Measurement of on early germination Rate Wilting scale Absent/Present beets touched by beet yellow virus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september SPTBYV method End Use scale SUMNBCOSPMI method Summer Number of spider mites on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Measurement of seed spacing Seed Seed spacing Distance Foliar surface touched by sugar beet rust evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Sugar Beet Rust Gravity Foliar surface touched by powdery mildew evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Estimation of Powdery Mildew Gravity Erysiphe betae susceptibility scale Susceptibility to seedling disease Soil fungal disease Susceptibility Seedling disease Observation of Color of petiole Observation of Color of petiole Width Measurement of the average width of broken apical part Root tip Tip width Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves - measured in laboratory Measurement of chlorophyll in leaves White sugar Productivity - White sugar yield White sugar yield calculated Yield Observation of Cuticle Thickness Thickness of leaf cuticle (consult with IIRB) None Measurement of Content of betacyanin in the beet Standard deviation of the shape factor of the seed coat Shape Seed coat Shape Seed coat Estimation of magnesium deficiency Magnesium deficiency Leaf Magnesium deficiency Individual seed mass Mesasurement of seed mass Measurement of radicle length 7 days after germination at 10°C in Eloncam Measurement of radicle length Weight of leaves (to compare with weight of root) Leaf Weight Leaf weight Estimation of Beet Cyst Heterodera Schachtii Susceptability to Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii) cm Beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus Viral disease - Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Beet mild yellowing luteovirus Root Germination time Seed Grain germination time Germination time Number of beets with break diameter less or equal to 2 cm relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Computation of Percentage Of Beets Not Much Broken Flowering pattern Flowering pattern Seed Bearer Flowering pattern Count the number of double plants at field emergence Double plant number Number Double plant Number of plants with leaves stinged by beet leaf bug Leaves stinged Pests - Beet leaf bug Number of plant Measurement of germination hour in Eloncam Hour of germination at 10°C in Eloncam Count the number of frozen beets Plant Cold stress damage Cold stress damage Leaf stalk Leaf stalk length on a group of single plants Leaf stalk length Length Flowering time Stages of seed bearer flowering Plant Flowering time The diameter of the sphere that has the same volume as the embryo Computation of embryo equivalent diameter Counting of hors Orange Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Observation of flowering pattern within plants Flowering pattern within plants Curly top virus susceptibility scale Radicle temperature minus growth media temperature Radicle Radicle temperature Temperature Male Sterility scale Computation of the rugosity index of the seed coat Surface characterization of the Seed Coat Observation of the plant wilting Observe the plant wilting consecutive drought and/or heat stress at plot scale SPNBPLSYSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Presence of Cercospora nests on the plot-basis Presence of Cercospora nests Downy Mildew Susceptibility scale Standard deviation of the maximum thickness of the seed coat Seed coat Seed coat maximum thickness Thickness Computation of Seedling Growth Base Temperature Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Life form scale Quality Productivity - Topping quality Evaluation of topping quality visually Topping Stem color Color of the inflorescence stem Stem Color SPSRH method Absent/Present beets having rhizopus symptoms - evaluated at the end of summer Susceptibility to Pseudomonas aptata Estimation of Pseudomonas aptata susceptibility Mesurement of Betaine content by HPLC Betaine content mesured by HPLC on frozen brei sample Computation of Free Fructose and Glucose Sum of Free Fructose and Glucose (g/100g Fresh matter) Spring / Emergence Number of plant with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYPYBE method Hairiness scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESVOLE and SPNBPLSYVOLE SPNBPLTOVOLE method Susceptibility to yellow leaf spot due to Stemphylium beticola Stemphylium beticola Fungal disease - Stemphylium beticola Susceptibility Seed quality Trigerm Seed Percentage of trigerm seeds in a seed sample Bolting plant Number Total Bolting plant count Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Plot Plot population Productivity - Plant productivity Population Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by pygmy beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESPYBE method Leaf Position Leaf position Average of leaf position on a group of single plants Fungal disease - Powdery Mildew Leaf Damage by powdery mildew Damage by powdery mildew Plant Early vigor Vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Vigor index Hypocotyl Color scale Root color below ground of a group of single plants Root color Root Color Abnormal seed Percentage of abnormal seeds in a sample Abnormal Seed Number of plants doubled at field emergence : if 2 plants are spaced less than 0.5 * normal distance between 2 seeds - counted at 200°Cd after sowing Counting of Double Plant At Field Emergence Scale for Type Of Root Damage The width of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Measurement of seed coat width Single beet weight constituted by top Root Weight Root weight Seed coat lenght Standard deviation of the seed coat length Seed coat Length The maximum thickness of all the measured points on the seed coat in millimeters (mm) Measurement of the maximum thicknes of the seed coat Observation of Erwinia rot susceptibility Susceptibility to Erwinia Rot g/m² leaf Root potassium content Root Potassium content in root Potassium content Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average width of broken apical part Measurement of Tip Width Mean Hypocotyl Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature Temperature Hypocotyl temperature Branched Beet scale Measurement of glucose content of beet mush glucose of beet mush measured in lab - measured on frozen mush SPNBPLDESFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by striped flea beetle on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Absent/Present beets having symptoms due to Heterodera Schachtii - confirmed by cysts on radicles - evaluated regularly on plants between start of july and end of september SPSHS method Standard deviation of the embryo length Embryo length Embryo Length Leaf Position scale Weight of rotten beets parts relative to net weight of beets Rotten root Productivity - Rotten gravity Proportion Computation of the sphericity index of the embryo A measure of how closely the shape of the embryo resembles that of a perfect sphere Measurement of Beet Width Half Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the diameter located at the half of the root under the max diameter Powdery Mildew Gravity scale Root Color scale Estimation of early vigor Observe the vigor of seedling of the whole plot after complete emergence Root ring Color of rings (compared to main color of flesh) Color Ring color Degree of male sterility Sterility Male flower Male fertility Root aphids susceptibility scale 1 °Cdays Betacyanin content Leaf betacyanin pattern Leaf Evaluation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern SUMNBPLLESPMI method Summer Number of plants with blates touched by spider mites - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end High Temperatures Suceptibility scale Scale for Stand Homogeneity Count of wireworms in a parcel Counting of wireworms Total volume of the seed measured in cubic millimeter (mm3) Measurement of seed volume Rhizoctonia symptoms Root Beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot Fungal disease - Rhizoctonia Estimation of green pixels An Area Percentage of green pixels over image pixels Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth Pests - Moth Number of plant Intern crown eroded Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule is empty and therefore does not contain an organ. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the empty seed Quantity of chlorophyll in canopy Chlorophyll quantity in leaf (in microgram/cm² of leaf) calculated by vegetation index measured with multispectral imagery Count of millipede in a parcel Counting of millipede guttulatus Computation of Percentage Of Miss Topped Beets Number of beets with topping class [1], [2], [5] or [6] relative to total number of beets harvested / evaluated Leaf number Leaf Number Number of leaves Flesh Coarness scale Measurement of weight Of Beets After Sorting Weight of beets after sorting for the entire plot - sort has to be done according to the current interprofessional reglementation Radicle Length Radicle length Radicle length 7 days after the seed germination Observation of blistering Visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants (whole microplot) of the leaf blade Root Productivity - Root dry matter yield Dry matter yield Root dry matter yield estimated by FT-NIR Seed coat Standard deviation of the external surface area of the seed coat Seed coat area Area Counting of leafs None Sucrose content measured by polarimetry on Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Percentage of Sugar Content Measurement of the seed coat volume Volume of the seed coat measured in cubic millimeter (mm3). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Number of crane-flies on 0.25 sqm using traps with bait - 48 to 72 h wait between trap installing and counting Counting of Crane-fly Before Sowing Measurement of the importance of the crown Importance Crown Crown importance Leaf blade Leaf blade color Average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Color Counting of green apterous aphids Number of green apterous aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Ratio Max Width / Width 1/2 after max (meausred in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - High = cylindric beet; Low = conical beet Computation of Beet Size Mean SPSRCRR method Absent/Present beets having symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot - evaluated at the end of summer AUDPC of PM AUDPC : Under curve area of PM gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC : Under curve area of SBR gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of SBR Ramularia beticola susceptibility scale Computation of white sugar content in the root Percentage of white sugar in the root at plot scale Observation of Polymyxa betae susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Rot caused by Polymyxa betae Observe the growth of plants per plot and rate the heterogeneity due to soil structure or soil depth Estimation of soil effect Estimation of Cercospora Leaf Spot Gravity Foliar surface touched by cercospora leaf spot evaluated on a single leaf, a plant or over a plot - 1500°Cd, 1750°Cd, 2000°Cd, 2250°Cd, 2500°Cd, 2750°Cd, 3000°Cd, 3250°Cd and 3500°Cd after sowing Plant Plant ploidy level Determination of ploidy level Ploidy Number of germinated seeds relative to the total number in the sample Germinating power Seed Germination rate Susceptibility to Fusarium - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Estimation of Fusarium Susceptibility SPNBPLSYFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Bract Distribution Scale Computation of field emergence quality Emergence quality Field emergence quality Plant Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESCF and SPNBPLSYCF SPNBPLTOCF method Ratio Comparison between width and length leaf blade on a group of single plants Leaf blade Leaf blade ratio Number of plant with game symptoms Pests - Game Number of plant Game symptoms Pests - Aphanomyces black leg Aphanomyces black leg symptoms Number of plant with aphanomyces black leg symptoms Number of plant Degree of male sterility Degree of male sterility Quality index with invert sugar Root Sugar content Sugar content in root None Observation of Leaf Betacyanin Pattern ‰ Spring population Population Plan population 400°Cd after sowing Spring SPNBPLTOSTNEM method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with stem nematode symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESSTNEM and SPNBPLSYSTNEM Root net yield calculated in t/ha Computation of root net yield variable_of mm/h Determination of the average glossiness of leaf blade on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Glossiness Susceptibility to Ditylenchus dipsaci - plot-basis score based on the number of root presenting symptoms (stunting, swelling and rotting) Estimation of Ditylenchus dipsaci susceptibility Susceptibility Uromyces betae Susceptibility to rust due to Uromyces betae Fungal disease - Uromyces betae Fungal disease - Rust Rust Gravity Rust gravity evolution Volume Total volume of the seed measured Seed Seed volume SPNBPLDESVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by vole on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Chlorophyll content Leaf chlorophyll quantity Quantity of chlorophyll in leaves Canopy Betacyanin content Seedling Betacyanin Content Seedling Betacyanin content in seed Fructose content Root Fructose content in root Free fructose content of root measured Beet Chlorosis Virus susceptibility scale SPNBPLTOPYBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with pygmy beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESPYBE and SPNBPLSYPYBE Glucose content of beet mush Root Glucose content in root Glucose content Susceptibility Susceptibility to Fusarium Vascular disease - Fusarium Fusarium Erysiphe Susceptibility to Erysiphe Susceptibility Fungal disease - Erysiphe betae Topping Quality Evaluation of topping quality visually, 1 and 2 are undertopped, 3 and 4 are well topped and 5 and 6 are overtopped Germity scale Susceptibility to Rhizomania scored by the yellowing of the canopy; 0 is none and 9 is most yellowing. Observation of Rhizomania susceptibility Observation Fungal disease - General scoring Plot General appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Percentage of monogerm seeds Counting the number of monogerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of monogerm seeds Humidity of soil in % Measurement of Soil Humidity Measurement of petiole width among Width Minimum Mean minimum petiole width among plants (in centimeters). Pests - Centipede Number of plant Number of plant with centipede symptoms Centipede symptoms Observe the Manganese Deficiency Estimation of manganese deficiency Hypocotyl temperature minus growth media temperature (measured with infra red thermography) Computation of Hypocotyl Temperature Delta Length Seed coat Sphere Diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of the minimal sphere containing the seed coat Seed coat Visual inspection to observe if the glomerulus is abnormal either by an embryonic malformation or by a perisperm defect . The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Measurement of the abnormal seed Seed maturity None Seed Maturity Root Invert sugar content in root Invert sugar content measured with enzymatic kit Sugar content Esitimation of Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Pests - Black aphid Number Counting of black aphids Black aphids Broken Broken beets Percentage of beets not much broken Root Computation of the sphericity index of the perisperm A measure of how closely the shape of the perisperm resembles that of a perfect sphere Seed Empty Percentage of empty seeds in a sample Empty seed SUMNBCOMO method Summer Number of moth on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Counting of Dead Plants Number of dead plants for a whole plot Dry matter content in root Root Dry matter of beet predicted by a NIRS Dry matter content mEq/100g of fresh matter Time taken by the radicle to reach 20 mm Measurement of radicle lengthening speed Pests - Slugs Slug symptoms Number of plant with slug symptoms Number of plant Number of plants with powdery mildew spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Powdery Mildew SPNBPLSYVOLE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with vole symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with millipede symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESMILL and SPNBPLSYMILL SPNBPLTOMILL method Seed coat Volume Seed coat volume Standard deviation of the volume of the seed coat Date of the seed bearer flowering start Observation of the Flowering Start Number of noctuid moth caterpillars on plants Number Pests - Noctuid moth caterpillars Noctuid moth caterpillars Score leaf wilting per plot under drought stress Estimation of drought stress susceptibility Estimation of flesh coarness None Measurement of free Fructose content Free Fructose content of root measured on brei (g/100g Fresh matter) Root gross weight / microplot in kg/ha Measurement of gross weight Seedling growth Seedling Temperature threshold value under which seedling growth does not occur Growth Total dry matter content of leaves Measurement of matter Matter Content Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR Betaine content predicted by FT-NIR on frozen brei sample Leaf nitrogen quantity Nitrogen content Canopy Quantity of nitrogen in leaves (in g/m²) Measurement of the normal seed Visual inspection to observe if the glomerule has only a single embryo and a perisperm without any malformation or defects. The inspection is often made on an Xray image. Root Root damage Damange Evaluation of root damages visually Productivity - Root gross yield Gross yield Root gross yield Root Counting of number of plant after sowing Number of plants / parcel counted at 100°Cd, 150°Cd, 200°Cd and 400°Cd thermal time after sowing Beet western Root Beets touched by beet western Viral disease - Beet western SPNBPLSYNOMO method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Observation of beet shape None Susceptibility Susceptibility to downy mildew due to Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Fungal disease - Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Peronospora Farinosa F.Sp. Betae Estimation of heat tolerance Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. Susceptibility to Phoma betae Estimation of Susceptibility to Phoma betae Non Red beet number Number of beets by color not in root color trait Number Non Red beet Time taken by the hypocotyl to reach 25 mm Growth rate Hypocotyl Hypocotyl lengthening speed Frequency Of Rotten Beets After Storage Number of rotten beets on samples of 160 beets break down to percentage Susceptibility to beet cyst nematode due to Heterodera schachtii Heterodera schachtii Pests - Heterodera Schachtii Susceptibility Potassium and sodium content in the root Root Potassium and sodium content Potassium and sodium content in root Flowering Time scale Cuticle Thickness scale Estimation of root aphids susceptibility Susceptibility to Root Aphids Maximum percentage of germinated seeds Measurement of Final Rate Productivity - Beet sugar yield Sugar yield Beet sugar yield Root Susceptibility to Rhizoctonia root rot Estimation of Rhizoctonia Solani Susceptibility Observation of seed shattering None Number Rotten root Number of rotten beets Rotten beet number Computation of Beet Roundness Mean Computation of the roundness average by the ratio Length / Width 1/2 after max (measured in mm) on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery - Higher the ratio is, less round the beet is. Measurement in mm on a group of single plants of the leaf blade length Measurement of lenght Leaf Blade Computation of feret shape value of the embryo Embryo shape characterisation index Drought Stress scale Estimation of Susceptibility to Erysiphe Susceptibility to Erysiphe - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th notation Standard deviation of the volume of the empty space in the seed Volume Empty space volume Empty space Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with aphanomyces black leg symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESBLLEG and SPNBPLSYBLLEG SPNBPLTOBLLEG method Frequency Of Leaves Touched By Cercospora Leaf Spot Number of plants with cercospora leaf spots - evaluated on 100 leaves - each week starting early July (if no treatment - If fungicide --> wait 2 weeks) Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root length Measurement of Mean Root Length Estimation of Sclerotium rolfsii susceptibility Susceptibility to Sclerotium root rot SPTBMYV method Absent/Present beets touched by beet mild yellowing luteovirus - evaluated regularly on 100 leaves between start of august and end of september Measurement of weight of Root Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root herself AUPC of LAI Under progress curve area of LAI evolution according to thermal time. Thermal time is evaluated afterwards using measurement date and temperatures kg Blistering scale Height of top of the beet Measurement of Top Thickness Root Part of the root which exceeds the soil Position Beet position in soil Beet length between top and tail Measurement of Technical Length Measurement in tare house on a group of washed individual roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the importance of branched beet - The higher the number is, the more forked the root is. Measurement of Branched Beet The length of the perisperm in millimeter (mm) Measurement of perisperm length Susceptibility Polymyxa betae Susceptibility to root rot due to Polymyxa betae Fungal disease - Polymyxa betae Observation of Verticillium wilt susceptibility Susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Measurement of Mean Root Width Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root width SUMNBPLTOLEMO method Summer Number of leaf tunnels due to moth on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBPLTOCRMO method Summer Number of plants with intern crown eroded due to moth - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Tetanops myopaeformis susceptibility scale undefined None Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Counting of hors White Beets Susceptibility to Root Aphids Observation of Root Aphids susceptibility Leaf stalk Leaf stalk width on a group of single plants Width Leaf stalk width Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Estimation of Yellows Virus Mean of the thicknesses at each point of the seed coat mesh, measured in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Computation of the thicknesses of the seed coat mesh Counting of black aphids Number of black aphids per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Pseudomonas aptata scale Cotyledon length Length Cotyledon length at the end of the heterotrophic growth Cotyledon Leaf Manganese deficiency Estimation of manganese deficiency Manganese deficiency Ploidy scale Leaf Undulation scale Perisperm Sphericity index Perisperm sphericity index Standard deviation of the surface characterization of the perisperm SUMNBPLTOSFB method Summer Number of plants touched by striped flea beetle - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end Estimation of Chlorosis Virus Susceptibility to Beet Chlorosis Virus Type Of Beet scale Score of Susceptibility to Rust Determination of the average class of leaf blade green color on a group of single plants Observation of Leaf Color Soluble dry matter yield calculated from root yield and soluble dry matter content measured by refractometer Computation of dry matter yield mg Mean h Leaf area index evaluated by NIRS Computation of leaf Area Index The length of the seed coat in millimeter (mm) Measurement of seed coat length Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by top Measurement of weight Of Top Measurement of seed coat shape Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography or 3D X-Ray. Beet Mild Yellowing Virus susceptibility scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with noctuid moth symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESNOMO and SPNBPLSYNOMO SPNBPLTONOMO method AUDPC : Under curve area of RLS gravity evolution according to thermal time - calculated with at least 4 evaluations and using the maximum value (if value after that are under) AUDPC of RLS Root alpha-amino nitrogen content measured by Venema chain on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of alpha-amino nitrogen content of beet mush Beet Cyst Nematode Susceptibility scale Pests - Tetanops myopaeformis Susceptibility Susceptibility to root maggot due to Tetanops myopaeformis Tetanops myopaeformis Number Pests - Thrips Thrips Number of thrips on plants Seed size estimated from the minimum sphere which fit the seed external shape and expressed in millimeter (mm). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Computation to estimate seed size Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by stem nematode on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESSTNEM method Multigermicity scale Beet Yellows Virus scale Root Potassium content measured by flam photometer on frozen brei sample representative from the whole plot Measurement of potassium content of beet mush Early vigor scale Root Productivity - Root net yield Net yield Root net yield calculated m²/m² Estimation of matter content predicted with FT-NIR Soluble dry matter content predicted with FT-NIR on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample Susceptibility Viral disease - Beet yellows virus Susceptibility to Beet Yellows Virus Beet Yellows Virus Root length Measurement of the average root length Root Length Stem nematode symptoms Number of plant with stem nematode symptoms Pests - Stem nematode Number of plant Measurement of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when harvesting single plants Observation of the part of the root which exceeds the soil when In Soil Embryo Diameter Embryo equivalent diameter Standard deviation of the diameter of a sphere that has an equivalent volume in relation to the embryo Standard deviation of the shape factor of the perisperm Perisperm Shape Perisperm Shape Scale for Stay green Spring / Emergence Number of plant with game symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYGAME method Weight of beets after soil removal for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets After Soil Removal External surface area of the hole seed measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of seed Surface Area Scale for Class Of Diameter Of Root At The Point Of Breakage Beet Shape scale Scale for Seedling Betacyanin Content Measurement of Smoothness Score Mean Measurement on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the average root groove - The closer the number is to 9, the smoother the root is Determination of the average of leaf position on a group of single plants Observation of leaf position SPNBPLDESBLLEG method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by aphanomyces black leg on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Measurement of Beet Width Max Measurement in mm on single washed roots (whole microplot) by 2D RGB imagery of the maximal diameter Computation of germination Base Temperature Temperature threshold value under which germination does not occur Computation of white sugar yield White sugar yield calculated in t/ha. Scoring the general appearance of the plot in autumn before harvest Observation of general appearance of the plot Mineral Deficiency scale Estimation of Sugar content of beet Sugar content of beet predicted by a NIRS Susceptibility to root maggot using de Lee Campbell disease scoring scale Observation of root maggot using de Lee Campbell Tetanops myopaeformis Estimation of Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola Susceptibility to Ramularia beticola - 1st and 2nd notation Total number of bolting plants for a whole plot Total number of bolting plants Number of blinkers at level plot due to sensitive plant to rhizomania Counting of blinkers SPNBPLDESGAME method Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by game on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves Counting of hors Red Beets Denombrement des hors type couleur (contamination) Dry matter content of leaves Dry matter content Total dry matter content of leaves Leaf Counting of blate pits Number of blate pits due to mangod fly with indication of maggot presence or not per plant on 4 * 5 continuous plants 40, 60 and 70 to 80 days after sowing Flesh Color scale Summer Number of mangol flies on plants - evaluated on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted every week between ground cover and summer end SUMNBCOMF method Percentage of the single beet weight constituted by root neck Measurement of weight of Root Neck Susceptibility Susceptibility to Rhizomania Viral disease - Rhizomania Rhizomania Aphanomyces cochlioides Fungal disease - Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility to black root due to Aphanomyces cochlioides Susceptibility Quantity of nitrogen in canopy - predicted using a NIRS Quantity of nitrogen in canopy External surface area of the perisperm measured in square millimeter (mm²). Measured by X-Ray computed microtomography. Measurement of area of the perisperm Counting the number of trigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of trigerm seeds Determination of the percentage Of Trigerme In Seeds Spring / Emergence Number of plant totally destructed by slug on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLDESSLUG method Observation of Type Of Root Damage Evaluation of root damages visually. Wounded referes to significant mass loss. Bruised referes to scratched surface, visible crack with no mass loss. Wounded and bruised are both Determination of the percentage of Bigerme In Seeds Counting the number of bigerm seeds on a seed sample according to the ISTA rules and determination of the percentage of bigerm seeds Weight of beets before washing for the entire plot Measurement of Weight Of Beets Before Washing Macrophomina Phaseolina susceptibility scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant destructed by or with striped flea beetle symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves - must be sum of SPNBPLDESFLBE and SPNBPLSYFLBE SPNBPLTOFLBE method Spring / Emergence Number of plant with white grub symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYWHGR method Phytoproducts damages scale method_of Leaf Height scale Spring / Emergence Number of plant with crane-fly symptoms (bites, cuts, perforations) on 4 * 5 continuous plants - counted each week between stage 2 cotyledon and stage 8 leaves SPNBPLSYCF method µg/cm² leaf Measurement of dry Matter Content Soluble dry matter content measured on pressure juice get from representative plot brei sample with a refractometer - In °Brix