FngSmshdPlpCl_Est_1to5 IITA-BTI Allan Brown/Guillaume Bauchet (temp.) Bioversity International BlkLfStrkSvrtLfNb_Ct_grd3 Rhiannon Crichton IITA-BTI Allan Brown/Guillaume Bauchet (temp.) FngSmshdPlpSmth_Est_1to5 Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton DET_Comp_d Bioversity International temp14 Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton DeathCause_Est Danny Coyne RadoNumRtWt2_Comp_Nema IITA Noel Madalla PA_EstFemale_Txt Bioversity PulpDiam_M_mm Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton HelicoNumSlWt_Comp_Nema IITA Danny Coyne Bioversity International PsdHght_E Rachel Chase 7 blue Rachel Chase MgnBhvPtCnlThrdLf_Est_1to5 Bioversity International Bioversity International PStmGrth_M_cm Rhiannon Crichton Inge Van den Bergh PStmDiscol_Est_cm Bioversity International Bioversity International PdcFsn_Est_1to2 Rachel Chase Bioversity International Rachel Chase BnchShp_Estm_1to5 plant dead, with brown leaves hanging down the pseudostem 5 pseudostemFreshMass_Meas_g KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier massFreshPseudostem pseudostem_fresh Bioversity International MlRchsPst_Estm_1to5 Rachel Chase IITA TrpNum_Ct_weeviltrap Tendo Ssali Bioversity International temp9 Rhiannon Crichton Sebastien Carpentier widthSingleLeaf singleLeafWidth_Meas_cm widthPerLeaf KU Leuven IITA AvgWvlLvHdCps_M_µM Tendo Ssali SuckHtShtStg_M_cm Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International Bioversity International MlBdLngthRt_M_1to3 Rachel Chase KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier waterLossPlant transpPlant waterLossPlant_Meas_ml Initial speck stage: symptoms are first visible to the naked eye as faint, minute (less than 0.25 mm diam), reddish brown specks on the lower surface of the leaf. Specks are often most abundant near the margin of the left side of the leaf, particularly towards the tip. Where leaf spot is severe, specks have been observed on the second leaf of plants that have not yet produced a bunch. Elsewhere they usually appear on the third, fourth, or older leaves. 1 Bioversity International HndMltpFrtNum_Ct_Frt Rhiannon Crichton IITA MeloiNumSlWt_Comp_Nema Danny Coyne Guillaume Bauchet IITA-BTI DamEst_Date_ymd NmNumSlWt IITA Danny Coyne Noel Madalla Bioversity PS_CompMale_PrefScale 3 purple to blue 3 21-25 cm Bioversity International PMargColL_Est_1or2 Rachel Chase temp42 IITA Tendo Ssali brown 2 Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton PltDamDesc_Est_txt Selection criteria for genotype that was ranked third lowest by male respondents during preference scoring exercise Noel Madalla Bioversity temp32 Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton Stellenbosch University Altus Viljoen temp38 4 not winged and clasping the pseudostem cylindrical 1 Matooke smoothness in hand measurement scale 0-10 Elizabeth Kakhasa MatSmoothM_Meas_0to10 NARO, Uganda obtuse and split 4 whitish 9 CIRAD / UNA, Côte d’Ivoire Hermann Antonin KOUASSI BoiPlantnSwt_Meas_0to10 Boiled plantain Sweetness scale 0-10 long (equal to or more than 30 cm) 3 Rhiannon Crichton AvgFrtDiam_M_mm Bioversity International other 9 Bioversity International MlBdShd_Comp_1to3 Rachel Chase Inge Van den Bergh/Danny Coyne DeadRtNum2_Ct_Rt Bioversity International/IITA less than or equal to 15 cm 1 IITA Tendo Ssali DmgIdxInn_M_% Bioversity International PltSpcg_Comp_m2 Rhiannon Crichton Rhiannon Crichton temp22 Bioversity International obtuse 3 16-20 cm 2 Noel Madalla Selection criteria for genotype that was ranked third highest by male respondents during preference scoring exercise Bioversity MatSurfYellV_Meas_0to10 NARO, Uganda Matooke surface yellowness measurement scale 0-10 Elizabeth Kakhasa Bioversity Noel Madalla Selection criteria for genotype that was ranked highest by male respondents during preference scoring exercise Bioversity International FrtCvShp_Est_1to5 Rachel Chase 5 rounded Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International FrtDiam_M_mm FrtNb_Ct_gFruit Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International 4 other BlkLfStrkSvrt_Est_pct IITA-Bioversity International 1 white curved in slight S shape (double curvature) 5 Sebastien Carpentier rootShootDry_Comp_unitless rootShootRatioDry massDryRootShoot KU Leuven IITA Tendo Ssali AvgWvlLvBdLgt_M_µM 0 no egg masses corm completely clean, no vascular discolouration 1 IITA-Bioversity International BlkLfStrkSvrt_Est_MedLawCpt CigLfPigm_Est_1to3 Rachel Chase Bioversity International FrtWtAvg_M_g Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton FlwHvstTime_Comp_d Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International leafToPlantMassRatio_Comp_unitless KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier massDryratioLeaf relativeLeaf_dry plantGrowth_dry Sebastien Carpentier growthDry_Comp_g growthDry KU Leuven Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International CropCyc_Comp_d Rachel Chase Bioversity International MlBdLngth_M_1to3 Bioversity Noel Madalla Selection criteria for genotype that was ranked second highest by female respondents during preference scoring exercise Rachel Chase MgnBhvPtCnlThrdLf_Est_1to4 Bioversity International Sebastien Carpentier waterLossSystem_per_Area KU Leuven waterLossSystPerLeafArea_Meas_mlcm2 Inge Van den Bergh Bioversity International PetColpPres_Est_1or2 Sebastien Carpentier root_fresh rootFreshMass_Meas_g massFreshRoot KU Leuven KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier waterLossSyst_Meas_ml waterLossSystem transpSyst IITA Danny Coyne NmRpFctr_Ct_Nema less than or equal to 20 cm 1 IITA-BTI DateColl_Date_ymd Guillaume Bauchet Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton BlkLfStrkSvrtLfNb_Ct_grd1 Elizabeth Kakhasa NARO, Uganda Matooke astringency measurement scale 0-10 MatAstr_Meas_0to10 open with margins spreading 1 not winged 2 other 5 TEtotalDry TE_dry transpirationEfficiency_Comp_gml KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier Hermann Antonin KOUASSI Boiled plantain Chewiness by number of chews CIRAD / UNA, Côte d’Ivoire BoiPlantnChew_Meas_number of chews Bioversity International FstBrctApxShp_Est_1to4 Rachel Chase Rachel Chase PMargClasp_Est_1or2 Bioversity International Tendo Ssali DmgPrphl_M_% IITA > 1/3 discoloured 5 IITA-Bioversity International BlkLfStrkSvrt_Est_Faure Bioversity International BnchFrtNum_Comp_Frt Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton MSuckN_Ct_MSuck IITA-BTI DateHarv_Date_ymd Guillaume Bauchet Rachel Chase BlotchCol_Est_1to4 Bioversity International Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton temp17 1 no visible sign of fusion IITA-BTI Guillaume Bauchet PltEst_Date_ymd 1 parthenocarpic temp8 Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton Elizabeth Kakhasa MatSurfHomColV_Meas_0to10 NARO, Uganda Matooke surface homogeneity of colour measurement scale 1-10 Bioversity Noel Madalla Selection criteria for genotype that was ranked second highest by male respondents during preference scoring exercise 5 bright yellow Inge Van den Bergh LfChgPres_Est_0or1 Bioversity International 2 winged and not clasping the pseudostem 10 high intensity BnchFrtNum_Ct_Frt Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton PltDnsty_Comp_PlntHa Bioversity International dislike 2 purple-brown 5 7 black (anthers aborted) WvlAdltBdWght_M_mg IITA Tendo Ssali KU Leuven topLeafArea_Meas_cm2 Sebastien Carpentier areaPlantTop area_topView Noel Madalla PA_EstMale_Txt Bioversity entity adult female 2 HvstPrp_Comp_PlntNb Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton IITA-BTI Guillaume Bauchet BnchMatStg_Est_1to2 IITA-BTI Allan Brown/Guillaume Bauchet (temp.) FngUnSmshdPlpTst_Est_1to5 Bioversity Noel Madalla Selection criteria for genotype that was ranked lowest by male respondents during preference scoring exercise Bioversity International/IITA Inge Van den Bergh/Danny Coyne temp47 Bioversity International PSuckN_Ct_PSuck Rhiannon Crichton FngUnSmshdPlpCl_Est_1to5 IITA-BTI Allan Brown/Guillaume Bauchet (temp.) small blotches 2 LfEmRate_Comp_LfMth Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton medium green 6 Bioversity International PMargWing_Est_1or2 Rachel Chase BoiPlantnFirm_Meas_0to10 Hermann Antonin KOUASSI CIRAD / UNA, Côte d’Ivoire Boiled plantain Firmness scale 0-10 Bioversity International YellowPres_Est_0or1 Inge Van den Bergh lengthPseudostem_Meas_cm heightPS KU Leuven heightPseudostem Sebastien Carpentier 3 Stage 3 differs from the previous one by its dimensions. The stripe becomes longer, is enlarged and in certain conditions (weak inoculum and unfavourable climatic conditions) can reach 2 or 3 cm. Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton HandAvgWt_M_kgPlnt FrtApxPt_Est_1to5 Rachel Chase Bioversity International PetColpPres_Est_0or1 Bioversity International Inge Van den Bergh Bioversity International/IITA Inge Van den Bergh/Danny Coyne NmNumRtWt leafAreaIncrease_Comp_cm2 Sebastien Carpentier leafAreaIncrease KU Leuven Rachel Chase CmpdTplMnCl_Est_1to6 Bioversity International Bioversity International FlwT_Date_dmy Rhiannon Crichton IITA Tendo Ssali WvlAdltHdCps_M_µM 3 black-purple Rhiannon Crichton BlkLfStrkSvrtLfNb_Ct_grd5 Bioversity International BlkLfStrkInfIndex_Comp_Idx Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton Rhiannon Crichton HvstDst_Comp_PlntHa Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton PltNtHvstd_Ct_Plnt Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International RchsWt_M_kg Bioversity Selection criteria for genotype that was ranked third highest by female respondents during preference scoring exercise Noel Madalla dark brown 2 NARO, Uganda MatFirmM_Meas_0to10 Elizabeth Kakhasa Matooke firmness in mouth measurement scale 0-10 Dwfsm_Est_1to2 Allan Brown IITA IITA AvgWvlAdltHdCps_M_µM Tendo Ssali Rhiannon Crichton LfEmRate_Comp_LfWk Bioversity International FrtftPdclLgth_Est_1to3 Bioversity International Rachel Chase margins erect 2 Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton WSuckN_Ct_WSuck 2 1-5% of lamina with symptoms RtnCrpCyc_Comp_d Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton IITA AvgWvlAdltBdWght_M_mg Tendo Ssali BlkLfStrkLfFrStg1_Date_ymd Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton winged and clasping the pseudostem 3 Bioversity International HndFrtAvgNum_Ct_Frt Rhiannon Crichton 5 obtuse and split PMargCol_Esr_1to4 Rachel Chase Bioversity International equal to or more than 31 cm 3 Sebastien Carpentier massDryPseudostem pseudostemDryMass_Meas_g KU Leuven ps_dry 2 medium shouldered (0.28 < x/y < 0.30) OffTypEst_Date_dmy Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton 1 without any floral relicts less than or equal to 10 mm 1 areaPlant_per_areaTot areaRatio KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier leafAreaRatio_Comp_unitless purple 6 YellowPres_Est_1or2 Inge Van den Bergh Bioversity International rwcPseudostem rwcPseudostem_Comp_unitless KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier ps_rwc Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton PeelThck_M_mm Bioversity International FrtGrth_M_mm Rhiannon Crichton DateDeath_Est_dmy Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton temp31 Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton Elizabeth Kakhasa Matooke moldability measurement scale 0-10 NARO, Uganda MatMolT_Meas_0to10 Bioversity International/IITA temp46 Inge Van den Bergh/Danny Coyne 5 erect PMargWing_Est_1or5 Rachel Chase Bioversity International Bioversity Noel Madalla PA_EstResp_Txt KU Leuven leaf_dry Sebastien Carpentier leafDryMass_Meas_g massDryLeaf 2 lengthily pointed (like plantain) IITA-Bioversity International SptLfNb_Ct_leaf Amos Alakonya-Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International/IITA temp45 Inge Van den Bergh/Danny Coyne NARO, Uganda MatHardT_Meas_0to10 Matooke hardness in hand measurement scale 0-10 Elizabeth Kakhasa Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton temp11 Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International BlkLfStrkLfFrStg1_Date_dmy 1 convolute plantGrowth_fresh KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier growthFresh growthFresh_Comp_g PratyGooNumRtWt2_Comp_Nema IITA Danny Coyne IITA Allan Brown/Guillaume Bauchet (temp.) VitCCnt_M_ leafChlorosis_Comp_unitless leafChlorosis KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier Guillaume Bauchet FrtIntLng_M_cm IITA-BTI IITA-Bioversity International NSpotLfProp_Comp_idx Sckr_Est_1to2 Allan Brown IITA Inge Van den Bergh/Danny Coyne Bioversity International/IITA temp52 temp51 Inge Van den Bergh/Danny Coyne Bioversity International/IITA IITA-Bioversity International SpotLfNum_Ct_Lf Amos Alakonya-Rhiannon Crichton HndRnk_Ct_HndRnk Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton Matooke sweetness measurement scale 0-10 Elizabeth Kakhasa MatSweet_Meas_0to10 NARO, Uganda IITA WvlAdltMsrd_Ct_weevil Tendo Ssali few flower relicts (< 20% of the fruits with relicts) 2 PStmHt_M2_cm Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International Rachel Chase FrtCvShp_Est_1to6 Bioversity International Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton PltEst_Date_dmy like extremely 5 Bioversity International BlkLfStrkSvrtLfNb_Ct_grd0 Rhiannon Crichton dark green 8 10 homogeneous IITA Danny Coyne PratyNumSlWt_Comp_Nema Bioversity Noel Madalla Selection criteria for genotype that was ranked second lowest by male respondents during preference scoring exercise sparse blotching 1 rootDryMass_Meas_g Sebastien Carpentier massDryRoot root_dry KU Leuven red-purple 9 Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International temp19 7 nematodes Bioversity International FrtApxFlwRlt_Est_1to4 Rachel Chase IITA PdltFrt_Est_1to2 Allan Brown WvlLvBdLgt_M_µM Tendo Ssali IITA 6 Stage 6 is when the centre of the spot dries out, turns clear gray and is surrounded by a well-defined black ring, which is, in turn, surrounded by a bright yellow halo. These spots remain visible after the leaf has dried out because the ring persists. straight 1 2 2.1-2.9 m banana bunchy top (BBTD) 4 AvgWvlAdltBdLgt_M_µM IITA Tendo Ssali IITA-BTI OffTypEst_Date_ymd Guillaume Bauchet Bioversity International HndNumMsrd_Ct_Hnd Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International BnchPst_Estm_1to5 Rachel Chase PltFstLfSptd_Ct_leaf Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton 1 no visual leaf symptoms plant_dry massDryPlant KU Leuven plantDryMass_Meas_g Sebastien Carpentier Bioversity International FstYngLfsptd_Est_ymd Rhiannon Crichton FngSmshdPlpTst_Est_1to5 IITA-BTI Allan Brown/Guillaume Bauchet (temp.) Tendo Ssali WvlLvHdCps_M_µM IITA Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton temp18 IITA Danny Coyne PratyGooNumSlWt_Comp_Nema rwcRoot root_rwc rwcRoot_Comp_unitless KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier Banana ontology Plantain ontology FngUnSmshdPlpSmth_Est_1to5 IITA-BTI Allan Brown/Guillaume Bauchet (temp.) Selection criteria for genotype that was ranked third lowest by female respondents during preference scoring exercise Bioversity Noel Madalla Bioversity International PtYd_Comp_TnHaY Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton FnctLeav_Ct_Leaf BlkLfStrkLfFrStg6_Date_dmy Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International MatGrass_Meas_2pt Matooke grassy aroma measurement 2pt scale NARO, Uganda Elizabeth Kakhasa Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton RkYgstLf_Comp_leafrank MlRchsApp_Estm_1to7 Rachel Chase Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton Shoot_Date_dmy Bioversity International Bioversity International HndNbWhlBnch_Ct_hands Rachel Chase Rhiannon Crichton PStmHt_M1_cm Bioversity International 10 orange red lengthSum totLeafLength_Meas_cm KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier yellow 2 ExtDisProp_Comp_pct Bioversity International Inge Van den Bergh leaf_rwc KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier rwcLeaf rwcLeaf_Comp_unitless Bioversity International/IITA temp50 Inge Van den Bergh/Danny Coyne PStmSplitPres_Est_1or2 Bioversity International Inge Van den Bergh Amos Alakonya-Rhiannon Crichton StdLf_Ct_leaf IITA-Bioversity International red 3 WvlLvMsrd_Ct_weevil IITA Tendo Ssali Rachel Chase Bioversity International AnthrCl_Est_1to8 Bioversity International AnCrpCyclPrp_Comp_CrpCclY Rhiannon Crichton pointed 1 Bioversity International DIT_Comp_d Rhiannon Crichton Rhiannon Crichton temp16 Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International MltFrtWt_M_gFruit BrctBhvBfFll_Est_1to2 Rachel Chase Bioversity International BoiPlantnMois_Meas_0to10 CIRAD / UNA, Côte d’Ivoire Boiled plantain Moistness scale 0-10 Hermann Antonin KOUASSI smooth 10 Inge Van den Bergh PlntgDisTim_Comp_d Bioversity International IITA WvlLvPrTrp_Ct_weevil Tendo Ssali highly imbricate 3 5 not winged and not clasping the pseudostem IITA Danny Coyne RadoNumSlWt_Comp_Nema banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) 3 KU Leuven rwcPlant Sebastien Carpentier plant_rwc rwcPlant_Comp_unitless FrtGrth_M_cm Guillaume Bauchet IITA-BTI Noel Madalla PS_CompResp_PrefScale Bioversity only base of the style persists 4 5 other 0 no symptoms Tendo Ssali WvlAdltBdLgt_M_µM IITA IITA-BTI DateDeath_Est_ymd Guillaume Bauchet FrtNbMdHndBnch_Ct_ft Bioversity International Rachel Chase 4 curved in S shape (double curvature) Rachel Chase Bioversity International BrctClExtFc_Int_1to16 IITA-BTI Allan Brown/Guillaume Bauchet (temp.) FngSmshdPlpArm_Est_1to5 relativePS_dry pseudostemToPlantMassRatio_Comp_unitless massDryratioPseudostem KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier Stellenbosch University Altus Viljoen temp37 Small bunch from neutral/hermaphrodite flowers just above the male bud 6 BrctClExtFc_Int_1to8 Rachel Chase Bioversity International AvgFrtIntLng_M_cm IITA-BTI Guillaume Bauchet Selection criteria for genotype that was ranked highest by female respondents during preference scoring exercise Bioversity Noel Madalla like fairly 3 NARO, Uganda Elizabeth Kakhasa MatPump_Meas_2pt Matooke pumpkin aroma measurement 2pt scale Bioversity International SSuckN_Ct_SSuck Rhiannon Crichton Noel Madalla Bioversity PS_CompFemale_PrefScale temp12 Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International NtHvstPrp_Comp_PlntNb Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton CmpdTplLbCl_Est_1to5 Rachel Chase Bioversity International 0 no intensity KU Leuven massFreshLeaf Sebastien Carpentier leaf_fresh leafFreshMass_Meas_g Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International DateHarv_Date_dmy 3 base of the style prominent Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton CigLfUnrBrnStgB_Date_ymd firm 10 orange-red 9 PStmSplitPres_Est_0or1 Bioversity International Inge Van den Bergh Rhiannon Crichton temp35 Bioversity International areaPerLeaf singleLeafArea_Meas_cm2 KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier areaSingleLeaf entire inner rhizome discoloured 6 slightly angled 2 pink/pink-purple 6 PtlClpFW_Comp_pct Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton Rachel Chase Bioversity International MlBdShp_Comp_1to5 IITA temp44 Tendo Ssali moderate blotching (20-50%) 3 Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton BlkLfStrkSvrtLfNb_Ct_grd2 FrtftPdclLgth_M_mm Rachel Chase Bioversity International Bioversity International BrctApxShp_Est_1to5 Rachel Chase 4 like very much Rhiannon Crichton FstExtDiSmptFW_Date_dmy Bioversity International less than or equal to 2 m 1 Third or mature spot stage: the centres of the lesions dry out becoming light grey or buff coloured and a bright yellow transitional zone appears between them and the normal green colour of the leaf. The lesions remain clearly visible after the leaf has collapsed or withered because of their light coloured centre and dark border. 6 4 egg equal to or more than 31 cm 5 rootToPlantMassRatio_Comp_unitless relativeRoot_dry massDryratioRoot KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International temp23 Rhiannon Crichton HvstDth_Comp_d Bioversity International Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton FrtWt_M_gFruit low intensity 0 4 First-spot stage: the streaks broaden and become more or less fusiform or elliptical in outline and a water soaked border appears around each lesion. Bioversity International/IITA Inge Van den Bergh/Danny Coyne temp49 16-33% of lamina with symptoms 4 IITA Allan Brown GdBnch_Est_1to2 4 horizontal Danny Coyne PratyNumRtWt2_Comp_Nema IITA 4 extensive pigmentation 10 hard Noel Madalla Selection criteria for genotype that was ranked second lowest by female respondents during preference scoring exercise Bioversity Rachel Chase BrctImbrcApxMlBd_Est_1to3 Bioversity International PratyCofNumSlWt_Comp_Nema IITA Danny Coyne other 5 fully green 1 orange-brown (mahogany, like in Pisang Mas) 1 FuncRtNum2_Ct_Rt Bioversity International/IITA Inge Van den Bergh/Danny Coyne Rachel Chase BlotchA_Est_1to4 Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton ShtHvstTime_Comp_d Bioversity International First-spot stage: the streak broadens and becomes more or less fusiform and elliptical in outline and similar to the first-spot stage of Sigatoka (Leach 1946). The transition from streak to spot is further characterised by the development of a light brown, water-soaked border around the spot. This water-soaked effect is especially clear in the early morning, when dew is still present on the leaf, or after rain. 4 CmpdTplLbCl_Est_1to16 Rachel Chase Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton FrtExtLng_M_cm Bioversity International Bioversity International PltDth_Comp_d Rhiannon Crichton IITA Danny Coyne RotyNumSlWt_CompNema Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton temp41 not revolute (not rolling) 2 other 4 CIRAD / UNA, Côte d’Ivoire BoiPlantnStic_Meas_0to10 Hermann Antonin KOUASSI Boiled plantain Stickiness scale 0-10 Guillaume Bauchet IITA-BTI FlwT_Date_ymd 8 other 5 medium intensity Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton BnchWt_M_kg pink-purple 8 KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier plant_fresh massFreshPlant plantFreshMass_Meas_g 3 male flowers/bracts above the male bud (rest of stalk is bare) Bioversity International YlLfPercFW_Comp_pct Rhiannon Crichton 3 low shouldered (x/y more than or equal to 0.30) Bioversity International ChgNwLfPercFW_Comp_pct Rhiannon Crichton 1 green Bioversity International AvgFrtGrth_M_mm Rhiannon Crichton 3 intermediate Bioversity International temp13 Rhiannon Crichton obtuse 4 black-purple 4 Rhiannon Crichton temp15 Bioversity International 1 yellow 3 margins curved inward IITA Tendo Ssali WvlAdlt_Ct_weevil Christophe Jenny CIRAD MlRchsTp_Estm_1to2 Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton DthDnst_Comp_PlntHa Inge Van den Bergh IntDisProp_Comp_pct Bioversity International 5 medium intensity 3 yellow slightly curved 2 NARO, Uganda MatSour_Meas_0to10 Matooke sourness measurement scale 0-10 Elizabeth Kakhasa Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton PlntShtTime_Comp_d BlotchCol_Est_1to5 Bioversity International Rachel Chase 34-50% of lamina with symptoms 5 not dwarf 2 Bioversity International Rachel Chase BrctClExtFc_Est_1to10 Rhiannon Crichton temp2 Bioversity International BlkLfStrkSvrt_Est_MedLawCdsd IITA-Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International temp20 Matooke stickiness in hand measurement scale 0-10 Elizabeth Kakhasa MatStickT_Meas_0to10 NARO, Uganda 1 no internal symptoms 5 erect Bioversity International FrtExtLng_M_mm Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International/IITA temp53 Inge Van den Bergh/Danny Coyne 6 purple brown Bioversity International SuckNum_Ct_Suck Rhiannon Crichton 1 white lengthPerLeaf KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier singleLeafLength_Meas_cm lengthSingleLeaf dont know 2 3 equal to or more than 3 m 6 orange IITA GdFrtFll_Est_1to2 Allan Brown FngSmshdPlpTxt_Est_1to5 IITA-BTI Allan Brown/Guillaume Bauchet (temp.) CauDam_Est_txt Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton short (y less than or equal to 20 cm) 1 Rhiannon Crichton temp30 Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton FstExtDiSmptFW_Date_ymd Bioversity International Rachel Chase FrtApxFlwRlt_Est_1to3 Bioversity International IITA WvlLv_Ct_weevil Tendo Ssali sparse blotching (<20%) 2 Bioversity International Inge Van den Bergh LfChgPres_Est_1or2 NtHvstDst_Comp_PlntHa Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International PltPltd_Ct_Plnt Rhiannon Crichton not clasping 2 dwarf 1 Bioversity International temp21 Rhiannon Crichton asymmetrical 3 0 absent ** 2 BlotchA_Est_1to5 Bioversity International Rachel Chase NARO, Uganda MatMoistM_Meas_0to10 Matooke moisture in mouth measurement scale 0-10 Elizabeth Kakhasa neutral/male flowers on the whole stalk without persistent bracts (still firmly attached to the rachis) 5 cream 2 AcAnYd_Comp_TnHaY Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International/IITA Inge Van den Bergh/Danny Coyne temp48 Moist 10 2 11-20 mm brown/rusty brown 5 slightly pointed 2 absent 0 Inge Van den Bergh Bioversity International CrmDiscDistTlstSckFW_M_cm Danny Coyne MeloiNumRtWt2_Comp_Nema IITA 1 revolute (rolling) PMargCol_Esr_1to16 Rachel Chase Bioversity International pseudostemHeightIncrease_Comp_cm2 KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier pseudostemHeightIncrease present 2 4 red-purple 4 26-30 cm spiral (all fruit are attached to a unique crown coiled around the stalk) 4 1 falling vertically 4 strongly bottle-necked (wider under tip than number 2) orange red 10 HndFrtNum_Ct_Frt Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International moderately imbricate 2 10 moldable 2 few internal spots 2 < 25 % of roots galled IITA-BTI Shoot_Date_ymd Guillaume Bauchet 7 green KU Leuven areaLeaves Sebastien Carpentier areaTotLeaves totLeafArea_Meas_cm2 ovoid 4 2 persistent style 6 medium green discolouration of between one-third and two-thirds of vascular tissue 4 > 75 % of roots galled 5 Bioversity International BnchHndNum_Ct_Hnd Rhiannon Crichton Guillaume Bauchet IITA-BTI FrtDiam_M_cm 3 Second-streak stage: streaks change colour from reddish brown to dark brown or black, sometimes with a purplish tinge, clearly visible at the upper surface of the leaf. IITA Tendo Ssali temp43 9 whitish NARO, Uganda MatAro_Meas_0to10 Matooke aroma measurement scale 0-10 Elizabeth Kakhasa 2 isolated points of discolouration in vascular tissue FngWtTtl_Comp_kg Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton 13-16 2 DmgIdxOut_M_% Tendo Ssali IITA > 100 egg masses 5 7 pink-purple Rhiannon Crichton DthPrp_Comp_DdPltRt Bioversity International MlBdShp_Comp_1to3 Rachel Chase Bioversity International HoploNumSlWt_Comp_Nema IITA Danny Coyne 3 Second-streak stage: the streaks may elongate slightly, but the most notable change is that in colour from reddish brown to dark brown or almost black, sometimes with a purplish tinge. The streak is now clearly visible on the upper surface of the leaf. The distribution of streaks at this stage of development varies in the same way as mentioned above. When streaks are very numerous, and more or less evenly distributed, the entire leaf blackens. truncate ( 2 4 horizontal or supra-horizontal 1 winged and undulating Bioversity International temp40 Rhiannon Crichton 4 margins overlapping Second-spot stage: the dark brown or black centre of each lesion becomes slightly depressed and water soaked border becomes more pronounced. 5 Hermann Antonin KOUASSI Boiled plantain Mealiness scale 0-10 CIRAD / UNA, Côte d’Ivoire BoiPlantnMeal_Meas_0to10 Inge Van den Bergh CormDiscol_Est_1to6 Bioversity International 1 dislike very much skinny (w/y less than or equal to 0.45) 1 3 11-30 egg masses fat (w/y equal to or more than 0.55) 3 IITA Danny Coyne PratyCofNumRtWt2_Comp_Nema Rhiannon Crichton CigLfUnrBrnStgB_Date_dmy Bioversity International Other 5 no intensity 0 IITA-BTI Allan Brown/Guillaume Bauchet (temp.) FngUnSmshdPlpTxt_Est_1to5 4 green yellow Second-spot stage: the dark brown or black central area of the spot becomes slightly depressed and the water-soaked border becomes more pronounced due to darkening. At this stage, a slight yellowing of the leaf tissue immediately surrounding the water-soaked border may occur. 5 medium intensity 5 Sebastien Carpentier leaves_per_heightPS KU Leuven leavesFormedPerPseudostemGrowth_Comp_percm 25-50 % of roots galled 3 1 cream margins curved inward 4 5 banana streak virus (BSV) 2 lanceolate pink-purple to red 2 Bioversity International DateColl_Date_dmy Rhiannon Crichton 3 brown-black 10 dont know less than 1% of lamina with symptoms, only streaks and/or up to 10 spots 1 Bioversity Selection criteria for genotype that was ranked lowest by female respondents during preference scoring exercise Noel Madalla Bioversity International RkPvsMktLf_Comp_leafrank Rhiannon Crichton 6 51-100% of lamina with symptoms Sebastien Carpentier growthPS_per_leafFormed pseudostemHeightIncreasePerFormedLeaf_Comp_cm KU Leuven Bioversity International CrmIntDiscFW_Est_1to5 Inge Van den Bergh Rhiannon Crichton MltHandWt_M_kgPlnt Bioversity International other (specify on answer sheet) 3 AvgWvlLvBdWght_M_mg Tendo Ssali IITA numFuncLeaf totalNumFunctionalLeaves numFuncLeaves_Count_unitless KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier 1 Initial speck stage: faint, minute, reddish-brown specks on the lower surface of the leaf. Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton BlkLfStrkLfFrStg6_Date_ymd 1-2 egg masses 1 0 very light yellow IITA-BTI Guillaume Bauchet PulpDiam_M_cm 3 < 1/3 discoloured Bioversity International temp10 Rhiannon Crichton Tendo Ssali WvlLvBdWght_M_mg IITA attribute Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton AvgFrtExtLng_M_cm 21-30 cm 2 1 High shouldered (x/y less than or equal to 0.28) 1 adult male HandWt_M_kgPlnt Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton extensive pigmentation (>50%) 4 mole rats 8 IITA-Bioversity International BlkLfStrkSvrt_Est_Gauhl 0 absent Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International AvgPulpDiam_M_mm Bioversity International PltDead_Ct_Plnt Rhiannon Crichton 5 light green 1 pointed KU Leuven Sebastien Carpentier numLeaves_Count_unitless numLeaf totalNumLeaves yellow 2 6-15% of lamina with symptoms 3 Stage 4 appears on the underside as a brown spot and on the upper side as a black spot. 4 cream 1 2 present no intensity 0 Rachel Chase Bioversity International FrtLngth_M_1to5 clasping 1 2 Stage 2 appears as a stripe, generally brown in colour and visible on the underside of the leaf, later the symptom also appears on the upper part of the limb as a stripe, the yellow colour of which resembles the stripe at stage 1 of Yellow Sigatoka. The colour of this stripe will change progressively from brown and later to black on the upper side of the limb, but will retain the brown colour on the underside. total discolouration of vascular tissue 6 Stage 1 appears as a small depigmentation spot whose whitish or yellow colour resembles stage 1 of Yellow Sigatoka disease. These symptoms are not visible in transmitted light and can be observed only on the underside of the leaf. 1 0-33 % of older banana leaves turning yellow 2 HoploNumRtWt2_Comp_Nema IITA Danny Coyne FrtLngth_M_cm Rachel Chase Bioversity International 8 other 6 other neutral flowers on one to few hands only near the bunch (rest of stalk is bare) 2 Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton AnPltPrp_Comp_KgHaY Stage 5 is when the elliptical spot is totally black and has spread to the underside of the limb. It is surrounded by a yellow halo with the centre beginning to flatten out. 5 First streak stage: specks elongate, becoming slightly wider to form narrow reddish-brown streaks. 2 3 hanging at a 45 degree angle BrctClExtFc_Est_1to16 Rachel Chase Bioversity International equal to or more than 17 3 1 like a top at an angle 2 Rachel Chase Bioversity International PStmCol_Est_1to16 Rachel Chase Bioversity International AnthrCl_Est_1to16 3-10 egg masses 2 watery green 3 2 not parthenocarpic IITA WvlAdltPrTrp_Ct_weevil Tendo Ssali add** 1 Bioversity International BlkLfStrkSvrtLfNb_Ct_grd4 Rhiannon Crichton Rhiannon Crichton BlkLfStrkSvrtLfNb_Ct_grd6 Bioversity International 10 sticky First streak stage: the initial speck elongates, becoming slightly wider, to form a characteristic narrow, reddish brown streak up to 20 mm long and 2.0 mm wide, with the long axis parallel to the leaf venation. At this stage, streaks are more clearly visible on the lower surface of the leaf than on the upper one. The distribution of streaks is variable. Sometimes they are most numerous near the edge of the left side of the leaf. At other times they are equally numerous on both sides of the leaf, and more or less evenly distributed. Frequently they are densely aggregated in a band several cm wide on one side or both sides of the mid-rib, becoming less numerous towards the edge of the leaf. Streaks may be so numerous that every cm2 of leaf surface bears one or more. There is considerable variation in the length of individual streaks on a given leaf, and they frequently overlap to form larger, compound streaks. 2 contrast between margin and petiole (with a contrasting colour line along) 2 Sebastien Carpentier waterLossDay_Comp_ml waterLossDaily rateWaterLossPerDay KU Leuven straight (or slightly curved) 1 7 Other FstYngLfsptd_Est_dmy Amos Alakonya-Rhiannon Crichton IITA-Bioversity International 4 50-75 % of roots galled 5 grainy watery green 3 4 67-100 % of all leaves turning yellow and necrotic, with leaves hanging down the pseudostem Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton AvgPeelThck_M_mm 7 green 5 purple 10 high intensity 3 straight with erect margins margins overlapping 5 bright yellow 10 2 good 10 pink/pink-purple 0 non sticky Bioversity International Rhiannon Crichton DamEst_Date_dmy 2 straight in the distal part discolouration greater than two-thirds of vascular tissue 5 1 trace infections with a few small galls 1 no pigmentation fusarium wilt 2 rounded 5 Rhiannon Crichton OdStdLfRk_Ct_leaf Bioversity International cream 2 curved (sharp curve) 4 0 heterogeneous 2 red-purple acronym truncated 1 straight in the distal part 3 Bioversity International SptPsdStmPercFW_Comp_pct Rhiannon Crichton bare 1 Rachel Chase Bioversity International CmpdTplMnCl_Est_1to16 1 present 10 other without pigmentation 5 7 orange red 1 bad 34-66 % of older leaves turning yellow, with some hanging down the pseudostem 3 0 crumbly 2 partially fused (up to 50 % of the length of the pedicel) 1/3-2/3 discoloured 4 Rhiannon Crichton Bioversity International PltHvstd_Ct_Plnt brown 1 8 dark green 1 without flower relicts 1 pointed medium (20 cm < y < 30 cm) 2 no contrast between margin and petiole (without a colour line along) 1 2 wide with erect margins 4 neutral/male flowers and presence of withered bracts on the entire stalk light green 5 1 green ivory 3 1 margins spreading firm 5 3 with a curve intermediate 3 hanging vertically 1 3 discolouration of up to one-third of vascular tissue 31-100 egg masses 4 6 Third or mature spot stage: the centre of the spot dries out, becoming light grey or buff-coloured, and further depressed. The spot is surrounded by a narrow, well-defined, dark brown or black border. between the latter and the normal green colour of the leaf, there is often a bright yellow transitional zone. After the leaf has collapsed and withered, spots remain clearly visible because of the light-coloured centre and dark border. high intensity 10 8 red green 2 3 equal to or more than 21 mm present 1 0 lumpy 0 soft 3 totally fused (more than 50 % of the length of the pedicel) 3 blunt-tipped (plateau at tip) weevils 6 1 absent 2 intermeditae grey 4 large blotches 3 3 curved (sharp curve) winged 1 2 one yellow finger 3 persistent flower relicts (> 20% of the fruits with relicts) less than or equal to 12 1 0 soft 2 medium (0.45 < w/y < 0.55) 4 yellow 4 green yellow high intensity 10 5 medium intensity 1 leaf spots 0 Dry 3 juvenile Count from 100 ml of soil sample Number of nematodes (Rotylenchulus spp.) per unit fresh root weight - method Calculate as: the sum of the Finger lateral diameter measurements, divided by the number of those measurements, e.g. (3.5 + 5.2 + 4.1 + 5 + 6 + 6.8) / 6 = 5.1. Average finger lateral diameter - computation g Harvest density - computation Calculate as: the Plant density multiplied by the Harvest proportion, e.g. 1,667 * 0.75 = 1,250. Root necrosis caused by nematodes The percentage of the root cortex of five functional roots approximately 10 cm long that is necrotic due to nematode damage. Percentage necrotic Margins clasping or not clasping Petiole margins clasping Behaviour of the petiole margins - winged or not winged. the petiole and pseudostem meet at shooting. Margin is the part of the petiole that can be bent outwards/inwards Number of Rotylenchulus spp.in soil Number of Rotylenchulus spp.per soil sample Population density Genotype selection traits Selection criteria for genotype ranked third lowest by respondents Description of traits considered important in selection of third least genotype by respondents bud shoulder scale (1 to 3) Measurement under microscope Adult weevil head capsule - measurement The length of a finger measured along the internal (ventral) arc, excluding the pedicel and the fruit tip. fingerintlength Internal length Finger internal length Measure for the biomass allocation: dry mass of leaves versus whole plant dry mass ratio Leaf to whole plant mass ratio leafToPlantMassRatio_dry Ratio Nematode species - estimation Identify the nematode species present in the banana plant root sample (Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus goodeyi, Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Meloidogyne incognita, ?) Appearance of flowers/bracts on the male rachis Appearance in relation to the presence or absence of neutral, male and/or hermaphrodite flowers Male rachis appearance Average finger lateral diameter Average lateral diameter avefingerlatdiam The average lateral (side to side) diameter of a finger. Pest and/or disease assessment and/or sample collection description pestdiseasesampledescription Pest/disease assessment/sample collection description A description of the pest and/or disease assessment and/or sample collection being done at the time of data collection. Record the date and time of event. Start date and time of data collection - estimation Black leaf streak disease evolution time - computation Calculate as: the time elapsed between the Date of tagged leaf presenting black leaf streak disease symptoms at Foures stage 6 and the Date of tagged leaf presenting black leaf streak disease symptoms at Foures stage 1, e.g. 24/06/2014 - 24/04/2014 = 61 days. Harvest proportion - computation Calculate as: the Number of plants harvested, divided by the Number of plants planted, e.g. 18 / 24 = 0.75. Focus group discussion for third lowest ranked traits with male respondents Focus group discussion with male respondents, to discuss selection traits of genotype that was ranked third lowest in preference ranking exercise Damage percent X-lower-outer Percentage damage to lower cross-section outer corm caused by weevils The amount of damage to the outer corm (cortex) lower cross-section, assessed by percentage of tunnels caused by weevils. Egg-laying female root knot nematode Time from start of crop cycle to first external disease symptoms caused by Fusarium wilt Time from start of crop cycle to appearance of external disease symptoms caused by Fusarium wilt The time elapsed from the start of the crop cycle to the appearance on the plant of any of the external disease symptoms - - yellowing leaves, splitting pseudostem base, changes in new leaves, petiole collapse, caused by Fusarium wilt. Average percentage damage to the corm caused by weevils The average percentage of damage in the whole corm (the inner corm and the outer corm) caused by weevils. Damage percent X-average plants/unit of area mm Surface yellowness intensity Matooke Color of the surface of the sample from light yellow to bright yellow Matooke surface yellowness intensity MatSurfYellV Projected top area topLeafArea Area The projected leaf area of a plant (photosynthetic surface) Sucker quality Overall suckering quality The overall estimation of sucker quality on a mat suckering Finger feel - estimation Finger feel assessment of smashed and unsmashed fruit pulp Finger weight Weight fingerweight The weight of a finger. The proportion of plants that are harvested, from the number of plants planted. Harvest proportion Combined proportion of plants harvested harvprop variable_of Root to whole plant mass ratio rootToPlantMassRatio_dry Ratio Measure for the biomass allocation: dry mass of roots versus whole plant dry mass ratio The weight of the rachis. Rachis weight rachisweight Weight Calculation from count Nematode multiplication from single root inoculation - computation Average body weight The average weight of a banana weevil adult body. Banana weevil adult average body weight Visual counting method of Weevils per trap (the trap should be minimum 30 cm long) Number of adult weevils - counting Ratio - computation Ratio of root dry mass versus plant dry mass Visual estimation of fruit pendulance on a bunch, for Early Evaluation Trial stage only. Fruit pendulance - estimation bad good Average fruit pulp lateral diameter avepulpdiam Average lateral diameter of the pulp The average lateral (side to side) diameter of the pulp of a fruit. Extent of discolouration The extent of discolouration in the corm of the tallest sucker, caused by Fusarium wilt. Extent of internal discolouration in corm of tallest sucker caused by Fusarium wilt DDT Time elapsed from Bruns stage B of unrolling to Foures black leaf streak disease severity scale 6 The time elapsed between a tagged cigar leaf at Bruns stage B of unrolling and the development of black leaf streak disease symptoms at Foures black leaf streak disease severity grade 6. Black leaf streak disease development time actualannyield Average actual annual yield The average actual annual yield, taking into account the proportion of plants harvested, from the number of plants planted Average actual annual yield Weigh a finger, using scales. Associate the data with the Hand rank. The recommendation is to collect this data from six fingers in total - three fingers in the middle of the outer whorl from the second hand and from the second-most distal hand. Finger weight - measurement Colour of pigmentation on outer surface of cigar leaf on a developed sucker Pigmentation of outer surface of cigar leaf on sucker Pigmentation of outer surface finger Distance of internal discolouration in pseudostem of plant caused by Fusarium wilt For the plant, the complete corm should be removed from the soil, the roots cut off and excess soil removed. Cross-sections of the corm should be cut (using a guillotine or other suitable device) to obtain five slices of equal thickness. The upper surface of each cut section should be examined and visually evaluate the extent of the vascular discolouration. Presence of petiole collapse caused by Fusarium wilt The presence/absence of petiole collapse, caused by Fusarium wilt. Presence/absence of collapse PC Number of Pratylenchus spp. in soil Population density Number of Pratylenchus spp. per soil sample Content Pseudostem relative water content rwcPseudostem The relative water content in a pseudostem bunchmaturity Bunch maturity stage at harvest The stage of maturity of the bunch at harvest. Stage of maturity at harvest Main underlying colour Main underlying colour of pseudostem Main colour of the pseudostem under the outermost sheath. The extent of discolouration in the corm of the plant, caused by Fusarium wilt. Extent of discolouration Extent of internal discolouration in corm of plant caused by Fusarium wilt Index of non-spotted leaves - computation Calculate as: 100 multiplied by (Youngest leaf spotted, minus 1), divided by Number of standing leaves, e.g. 100 * (6 - 1) / 12 = 42. Calculate as: the Number of plants planted, minus the Number of plants dead, minus the Number of plants harvested, e.g. 24 - 4 - 18 = 2. Number of plants not harvested - computation Behaviour of the last lifted bract - revolute or not revolute Bract behaviour before falling Behaviour before falling, whether revolute or not revolute Combined density of plants harvested Harvest density harvdens The number of plants that are harvested, in a defined area. Ratoon crop cycle The time elapsed from the harvest of the bunch of the plant from the preceding crop cycle to the harvest of the bunch of the plant from the current crop cycle. Ratoon crop cycle harvest2harvest Visual assessment. Rating of external symptoms of Fusarium wilt in the field - estimation Ratio of belowground (root) to aboveground (shoot) dry mass Ratio - computation Population density Number of Helicotylenchus multicinctus in soil Number of Helicotylenchus multicinctus per soil sample nematodes/unit of fresh root weight The circumference of the pseudostem of the plant at 75 cm from the collar. plantcircumf75cm Circumference 75 cm above the ground Plant circumference 75 cm from the collar Observe visually the colour of the blotches on the upper leaf sheath. Blotches colour - estimation Fresh weight - measurement Weighing Leaf area - measurement Top view image of a single leave Focus group discussion for top traits with male respondents Focus group discussion with male respondents, to discuss selection traits of genotype that was ranked highest in preference ranking exercise Petiole margin clasping - estimation Observations on the margins and petiole wings should be made where the petiole and pseudostem meet at shooting. Observation should be made at shooting on the neck, where the petiole and pseudostem meet. Margin is the part of the petiole that can be bent outwards/inwards. [x Observe at flowering time.] Record the date of event. Date of recognising off-type - estimation Damage percent X-upper-outer Percentage damage to upper cross-section outer corm caused by weevils The amount of damage to the outer corm (cortex) upper cross-section, assessed by percentage of tunnels caused by weevils. pseudostemHeightIncrease Growth Pseudostem height increase over time Height increase of pseudostem Count how many functional leaves (leaves that have 50% or more of their surface as green, healthy, photosynthetic tissue) are on the tallest sucker. Tallest sucker number of functional leaves - counting Combined percentage with splitting pseudostem base Percentage of plants with a splitting pseudostem base, caused by Fusarium wilt. Percentage of plants with a splitting pseudostem base caused by Fusarium wilt The time elapsed from planting to the harvest of the bunch. Time from planting to harvest plant2harvest Plant crop cycle The average of how many banana weevil larvae caught per trap. Average number of banana weevil larvae per trap Average number of banana weevil larvae moisture scale 0-10 growthDry Growth Dry plant growth Dry mass accumulation over time Combined percentage with petiole collapse Percentage of plants with petiole collapse, caused by Fusarium wilt. Percentage of plants with petiole collapse caused by Fusarium wilt BD colour chart A - 1996 Bunch maturity stage - estimation Estimate maturity stage of the bunch. Presence of yellowing leaves caused by Fusarium wilt - estimation Visual assessment. Root fresh weight A root weight trait which is the fresh weight of a root rootFreshMass Fresh weight Calculate the ratio w/y, i.e. the broadest width of the male bud to the total length of the male bud. Do not measure the dimensions along the bud but rather on a projection/outline of the bud (e.g. trace the outline of the bud on paper) and use ruler or measuring tape Male bud shoulder - computation hands mg plant scale_of Off-type description A description of what made the plant recogniseable as an off-type. describeofftype Description of how off-type Calculate as: the Rank of previously marked leaf at one point in time, minus 1 (equivalent to the Rank of marked youngest leaf), divided by the time elapsed between the two Date of data collection events when the marked leaf was recorded as 1) the Rank of marked youngest leaf and 2) the Rank of previously marked leaf, e.g. (4 - 1) / 1 month = LER of 3 leaves/month during a particular time period. Monthly leaf emission rate - computation Visually observe the colour of the external face of the first unlifted bract. Use colour chart A and observe out of direct sunlight. Colour of bract external face - estimation Smoothness-mouth feel The smoothness-mouth feel of the smashed pulp of a mature fruit Fruit smashed pulp smoothness-mouth feel Margin behaviour on petiole canal of third leaf Behaviour Margin behaviour of the petiole canal of the third leaf before bunch. Record the apparent cause of death of the plant, e.g. strong winds, Fusarium wilt, etc. Cause of death - estimation The dry weight of the root system Root dry weight rootDryMass Dry weight datestarttimedatacoll The date and time of the start of data collection on a plant. Start date and time of data collection Date and time of start of data collection Selection criteria for genotype ranked second lowest by respondents Description of traits considered important in selection of second least genotype by respondents Genotype selection traits When you receive the sample, observe the surface and evaluate the intensity of the color Surface yellowness intensity Appearance method Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 2 Number of leaves with a black leaf streak disease severity grade of 2 The number of leaves on a plant with a black leaf streak disease severity grade of 2. Calculate as: the sum of the number of values for Presence of splitting pseudostem base caused by Fusarium wilt scored as Present, divided by the Number of plants planted, multiplied by 100, e.g. 24 / 300 * 100 = 8%. Percentage of plants with a splitting pseudostem base caused by Fusarium wilt - computation Ratio of leaf dry mass versus plant dry mass Ratio - computation kg Measure the circumference of the pseudostem of the plant at the collar, or from the pseudostem base at the ground if the collar is not visible. Plant circumference at collar - measurement Number of nematodes (Pratylenchus goodeyi) per unit fresh root weight -method Count from 10 g of chopped roots from the tested banana plant sample Focus group discussion for second ranked traits with male respondents Focus group discussion with male respondents, to discuss selection traits of genotype that was ranked second highest in preference ranking exercise Damage to lower inner corm weevils - measurement Cut a transverse cross section of the corm at 10 cm below the collar (lower cross-section). Score weevil damage (galleries) as percentage damage on the side of the cross-section that was facing the ground, downwards. Fruit parthenocarpy - estimation Visual estimation of a fruit fill, (or parthenocarpic) for Early Evaluation Trial stage only. The date a tagged cigar leaf is at Bruns stage B of unrolling. Date of tagged cigar leaf unrolling at Bruns stage B Date of tagging at Bruns stage B of unrolling The number of fingers in the second hand. Number of fingers in 2nd hand numfingers2ndhand Number of fingers Presence of yellowing leaves caused by Fusarium wilt - estimation Visual assessment. Fusion of pedicels Fusion Degree of fusion of the pedicels before they join the rachis The circumference of the pseudostem of the plant at 20 cm from the collar. plantcircumf20cm Plant circumference 20 cm from the collar Circumference 20 cm above the ground Date of first external disease symptoms caused by Fusarium wilt Date of appearance of external symptoms caused by Fusairum wilt The date of the appearance on the plant of any of the external disease symptoms - yellowing leaves, splitting pseudostem base, changes in new leaves, petiole collapse, caused by Fusarium wilt. Water content - computation (Pseudostem Fresh Weight - Pseudostem Dry Weight) / Pseudostem Fresh Weight weevil Measure the length of the internal arc of a fruit, without pedicel. Record on the inner fruit in the middle of the mid-hand of the bunch. If there is an even number of hands, there will be two middle hands so use the upper hand that developed first. Record the exact value. Fruit length - exact value - measurement Winged petiole margin - estimation Observations on the margins and petiole wings should be made where the petiole and pseudostem meet at shooting. Margin is the part of the petiole that can be bent outwards/inwards. [x Observe at flowering time.] rachis angle scale (1 to 2) Average body length Banana weevil larvae average body length The average length of a weevil larvae body, from the head to the tip of the abdomen. Fresh weight Pseudostem fresh weight pseudostemFreshMass A pseudostem weight trait which is the fresh weight of a pseudostem Researchers calculate the preference score by female respondents Preference score female respondents Presence absence 1 Selection traits (text) Record the date of event. Date of data collection - estimation Fruit pedical length - range - measurement Measure from the scar on the rachis until the beginning of the fruit. Record on the inner fruit in the middle of the mid-hand of the bunch. Tip: use string to measure or trace outline of fruit on paper. Record the range. Selection criteria for genotype ranked lowest by respondents Description of traits considered important in selection of least genotype by respondents Genotype selection traits Number used to obtain a measurement The number of hands used to obtain a measurement. Number of hands measured numhandsmeas Average hand weight - all - computation Calculate as: the Total finger weight, divided by the Number of hands in bunch, e.g. 46.8 / 16 = 2.9. The width of a banana weevil adult weevil head. Banana weevil adult head capsule width Head capsule width How many banana weevil larvae caught per trap. Number of banana weevil larvae Number of banana weevil larvae per trap dd/mm/yyyy Record the rank (order) of the second-most distal hand in the bunch, starting with the hand at the proximal end (closest to the pseudostem) of the bunch as 1 and continuing to the hand at the most distal end (closest to the male bud). Hand rank - counting Number of Hoplolaimus spp. in soil Population density Number of Hoplolaimus spp. per soil sample Sourness method Put a part of the sample in the mouth and evaluate the intensity of the sourness The percentage of damage to the periphery of the peeled corm, assessed by tunnels caused by weevils Peripheral damage caused by weevils Damage to periphery of peeled corm caused by weevils peeper sucker Selection criteria for genotype ranked third highest by respondents Genotype selection traits Description of traits considered important in selection of third best genotype by respondents handid The rank (order) of a hand in the bunch. hand rank Hand rank Rank Fusion of pedicels - estimation Visually observe the fusion of pedicels and choose the option that is most similar, from the 3 photos of descriptor 6.7.11. in the reference materials. Observe before they join the rachis at the bract scar. Look upwards from the bottom of the bunch. Taste - estimation Subjective taste assessment of smashed and unsmashed fruit pulp Number of adult weevil trap - counting Visual counting method of Weevil traps (the trap should be minimum 30 cm long). Number of nematodes (Pratylenchus coffeae) per unit fresh root weight -method Count from 10 g of chopped roots from the tested banana plant sample The relative water content in the whole plant rwcPlant Plant relative water content Content mL / cm? Calculate as: the sum of the Finger peel thickness measurements, divided by the number of those measurements, e.g. (2 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 3) / 6 = 2. Average finger peel thickness - computation The pulp aroma of the smashed pulp of a mature fruit Fruit smashed pulp aroma/smell Aromas Annual crop cycle proportion - computation Calculate as: the length of a year (e.g. 365 days) divided by the Plant crop cycle or the Ratoon crop cycle, e.g. 365 / 334 = 1.09. Stickiness scale 0-10 Calculate as: the sum of values with a Black leaf streak disease severity grade of 2. Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 2 - computation Bract imbrication at apex of male bud Alignment of bracts at the apex of the male bud Imbrication Visually observe and record the amount of the surface area of a standing leaf that is affected by black leaf streak disease. Black leaf streak disease severity - estimation When you receive the sample, observe the surface and evaluate the homogeneity Surface color homogeneity Appearance method bud length scale (1 to 3) The weight of the bunch, including the rachis. Weight Bunch weight bunchweight Rank of marked youngest leaf - counting Mark the youngest completely unrolled leaf and record its rank, which is always 1. Associate the data with the Date of data collection. Date of tagged leaf presenting black leaf streak disease symptoms at Foures stage 1 The date a tagged leaf presents black leaf streak disease symptoms at Foures black leaf streak disease severity grade 1. Date a tagged leaf presents black leaf streak disease symptoms at Foures black leaf streak disease severity grade 1 Average potential annual yield Average potential annual yield potannyield The average potential annual yield, assuming that all plants are harvested, from the number of plants planted. Presence of changes in new leaves caused by Fusarium wilt - estimation Visual assessment. Count from 10 g of chopped roots from the tested banana plant sample Number of nematodes (Radopholus similis ) per unit fresh root weight -method Date of first youngest leaf spotted The date a youngest leaf spotted is first observed on the plant, caused by black leaf streak disease. Date of first youngest leaf spotted Count how many fingers are in the third hand. Number of fingers in 3rd hand - counting 1 to 5 acceptability score Total finger weight The weight of all the hands of the bunch, excluding the rachis. Combined weight totalfingerweight BD colour chart A - 2016 Lateral diameter Finger lateral diameter fingerlatdiam The lateral (side to side) diameter of a finger. Main colour of the first external unlifted bract external face Colour of bract external face Colour of the external face Damage to upper outer corm weevils - measurement Cut a transverse cross section of the corm at the collar (upper cross-section). Score weevil damage (galleries) as percentage damage on the side of the cross-section that was facing the ground, downwards. Calculate as: the sum of the Finger circumference measurements, divided by the number of those measurements, e.g. (7.0 + 8.0 + 9.0 + 10.0 + 7.0 + 9.5) / 6 = 8.4. Average finger circumference - computation The date a tagged leaf presents black leaf streak disease symptoms at Foures black leaf streak disease severity grade 6. Date of tagged leaf presenting black leaf streak disease symptoms at Foures stage 6 Date a tagged leaf presents black leaf streak disease symptoms at Foures black leaf streak disease severity grade 6 leaf Multiple hand weight multhandweight The weight of multiple hands. Weight Time from planting to shooting Time from planting to shooting The time elapsed from planting to shooting (when the inflorescence emerges from the pseudostem and is still in an erect position). plant2shoot crop cycle duration/year Matooke MatMolT mechanical textural attribute relating to the degree to which a substance can be deformed before it breaks Matooke moldability Moldability in hand Rank of youngest leaf spotted YLS Youngest leaf spotted The rank (order) of the first fully unfurled leaf with at least 10 discrete, mature, necrotic lesions or one large necrotic area with 10 leaf spot light-coloued dry centres, caused by black leaf streak disease. Focus group discussion with female respondents, to discuss selection traits of genotype that was ranked highest in preference ranking exercise Focus group discussion for top traits with female respondents Nematode lifecycle stage The lifecycle stage(s) of the nematode species found in the banana plant root sample. Lifecycle stages present Water content - computation (Root Fresh Weight - Root Dry Weight) / Root Fresh Weight How many banana weevil larvae used to obtain a measurement. Number of banana weevil larvae measured Number of banana weevil larvae measured Time from flowering to harvest Time from flowering to harvest flower2harvest The time elapsed from flowering (when the last bracts fall from the most distal hand to display the female flowers) to the harvest of the bunch. Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 3 - computation Calculate as: the sum of values with a Black leaf streak disease severity grade of 3. Banana pest disease Angle to the vertical Angle between the axis of the bunch and the vertical Bunch position Calculate as: the sum of values with a Black leaf streak disease severity grade of 1. Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 1 - computation Cause of damage The apparent cause of damage to the plant. causedamage Cause of damage Date of tagged cigar leaf unrolling at Bruns stage B - estimation Record the date of event. Measurement under microscope Weevil larvae body weight - measurement Ex: g/100 mL juice???? Time from planting to first youngest spotted leaf - computation Calculate as: the time elapsed between the Date of planting and the Date of first youngest leaf spotted, e.g. 24/06/2014 - 24/01/2014 = 151 days. The amount of damage to the inner corm (central cylinder) upper cross-section, assessed by the percentage of tunnels caused by weevils. Percentage damage to upper cross-section inner corm caused by weevils Damage percent X-upper-inner Dry weight The dry weight of the pseudostem pseudostemDryMass Pseudostem dry weight Length Length of male bud from end of rachis to apex of the bud Male bud length The circumference of a finger. Circumference fingercircumf Finger circumference MatAstr complex sensation, accompanied by shrinking, drawing or puckering of the skin or mucosal surface in the mouth, produced by substances such as kaki tannins or sloe tannins Astringency Matooke astringency Matooke Number of Hoplolaimus spp. per fresh root weight Population density Number of Hoplolaimus spp. in roots dateofftype The date the plant is first recognised as an off-type. Date of recognising off-type Date of recognising off-type Count from 10 g of chopped roots from the tested banana plant sample Number of nematodes (Hoplolaimus spp.) per unit fresh root weight -method Subjective visual assessment of smashed and unsmashed fruit pulp Visual appearance - estimation pendulantfruit Finger pendulance quality Overall fruit pendulance quality The overall estimation fruit pendulance on a bunch Surface color homogeneity Matooke homogeneity of surface colour MatSurfHomColV Uniformity of color of the surface of the sample Matooke Number of plants dead - computation Calculate as: the sum of the number of values for Date of death. mm MatSweet Matooke basic taste produced by dilute aqueous solutions of natural or artificial substances such as sucrose Sweetness Matooke sweetness bract apex scale (1 to 4) The color of the smashed pulp of a mature fruit Fruit smashed pulp colour Colour Date of flowering dateflower Date of flowering The date the last bracts fall from the most distal hand (closest to the male bud) to display the female flowers. Population density Number of Meloidogyne spp. in roots Number of Meloidogyne spp. per fresh root weight Sucker quality - estimation Visual estimation of suckering, for Early Evaluation Trial stage only. Fruit unsmashed pulp texture Texture The texture of the unsmashed pulp of a mature fruit Number of hands Number of hands on bunch **subsume Number of hands on whole bunch Smoothness-Mouth feel - estimation Mouth feel assessment of smashed and unsmashed fruit pulp Calculate as: the sum of the Finger internal length measurements, divided by the number of those measurements, e.g. (27 + 31 + 29 + 30 + 30 + 28) / 6 = 29.2. Average finger internal length - computation Faures stages of development of BLS disease scale (1987) avehandweight The average weight of the hands. Average hand weight Average weight clasping or not clasping kg Cut multiple hands from the rachis and weigh them together, using scales. Associate the data with the Hank rank and the Number of hands measured. Multiple hand weight - measurement The average length of the fingers measured along the internal (ventral) arc, excluding the pedicel and the fruit tip. avefingerintlength Average internal length Average finger internal length goodbunch Quality The overall estimation of the bunch quality on a mat Overall bunch quality µM Visual observation Peripheral damage - measurement mechanical textural attribute relating to the force required to achieve a given deformation, penetration, or breakage of a product. Hardness in hand Matooke hardness Matooke MatHardT BD colour chart A - 1996 Measurement of system water loss between two timepoints (refer to experimental metadata) Water loss rate - computation MatSmoothM geometrical textural attribute relating to lack of presence of particles in a product Matooke smoothness Matooke Smoothness in mouth fruit relicts scale (1 to 4) Male rachis position - estimation Visually observe the male rachis position (the part between the last hand and the male bud) and choose the option that is most similar, from the 5 schematic drawings of descriptor 6.4.12 in the reference material. Visually observe the angle of the bunch and choose the option that is most similar, from the 5 schematic drawings of descriptor 6.4.6 in the reference material. Bunch position - estimation % Annual crop cycle proportion Proportion of crop cycle that takes place in one year The proportion of the crop cycle that takes place in one year. anncropcycprop blotch color scale (1 to 4) Number of banana weevil adults per trap Number of banana weevil adults How many banana weevil adults caught per trap. cm? Root relative water content Content The relative water content in a root rwcRoot leaves/week The number of peeper suckers (suckers less than 15 cm tall) in the mat. Number of peeper suckers numpeepersuckers Number of peeper suckers The weight of multiple fingers. Weight multfingerweight Multiple finger weight Fruit unsmashed pulp colour The color of the unsmashed pulp of a mature fruit Colour Calculate as: Bunch weight minus the sum of the Hand weight measurements coming from the count of number of hands (equivalent to Number of hands in bunch), e.g. 50 - (2.4 + 3.6 + 3.2 + 4.1 + 4.0 + 3.9 + 3.6 + 3.3 + 3.3 + 2.9 + 2.9 + 2.8) = 10.0. Rachis weight - computation Number of maiden suckers nummaidensuckers Number of maiden suckers The number of maiden suckers (fully grown suckers with foliage leaves) in the mat. dwarfism Combined density of plants not harvested nonharvdens The number of plants that are alive but not harvested (e.g. due to slow or poor development), in a defined area. Non-harvest density The growth (weight increase) per volume transpired water Efficiency transpirationEfficiency Transpiration efficiency Shape Shape of male bud Male bud shape Weighing Fresh weight - measurement The average length of a banana weevil adult body, from the head to the tip of the abdomen. Average body length Banana weevil adult average body length Number of fingers measured - counting Count how many fingers are used to obtain a measurement. Count how many fingers are in the bunch. Number of fingers in bunch - counting How many Number of banana weevil traps used How many banana weevil traps used. Collect all roots from a standard-size excavation of 20 x 20 x 20 cm extending outwards from the corm of the plant. Take only roots from the selected plant. Divide the collected roots into two categories: dead roots, functional roots. Dead roots are completely rotten or shrivelled whereas functional roots show at least some healthy tissue. Count the number of dead roots. Number of dead roots - counting Fruit pulp lateral diameter - measurement Cut a finger in half, crosswise at its widest point, and on the cross-section measure the lateral diameter of the fruit pulp, from the left to the right side (not from the ventral to the dorsal side), using calipers. Associate the data with the Hand rank. The recommendation is to collect this data from six fingers in total - three fingers in the middle of the outer whorl from the second hand and from the second-most distal hand. Length Total length of all leaves The length of a leaf totLeafLength Banana weevil larvae head capsule width Head capsule width The width of a weevil larvae head capsule. Number of Pratylenchus coffeae per fresh root weight Number of Pratylenchus coffeae in roots Population density avefingerextlength The average length of the fingers measured along the external (dorsal) arc, excluding the pedicel and the fruit tip. Average external length Average finger external length Visually observe the shape of the curve of the fruit and choose the option that is most similar, from the 5 photos of descriptor 6.7.4. in the reference material. Observe the inner fruit in the middle of the mid-hand of the bunch. In case of an asymmetric bunch that has straight and curved fruits, please indicate it in the note section and score only the fruit on the upper side of the bunch. Fruit shape of curve - estimation Record the rank (order) of the youngest leaf spotted (the first fully unfurled leaf with at least 10 discrete, mature, necrotic lesions or one large necrotic area with 10 light-coloured dry centres), counting the rank by starting with the youngest completely unrolled leaf as 1 and moving downwards, associating the data with the Date of data collection. Youngest leaf spotted - counting Population density Number of Pratylenchus goodeyi in roots Number of Pratylenchus goodeyi per fresh root weight On a bunch with mostly hands of > 10 fingers, a possible ultimate hand with 1-5 (rather smaller) fingers should not be counted. Number of hands on whole bunch - counting day Leaf area difference between timepoints (refer to experimental metadata) Growth - computation Number of suckers - counting Count how many of all types of suckers are in the mat. Circumference 1 m above the ground The circumference of the pseudostem of the plant at 100 cm from the collar. plantcircumf100cm Plant circumference 100 cm from the collar Nematode root knot galling extent Extent of root knot nematodes The extent of root knot nematodes, observed externally as galls on the roots. Finger peel thickness - measurement Cut a finger in half, crosswise at its widest point, and on the cross-section measure the width of the peel, using calipers. Associate the data with the Hand rank. The recommendation is to collect this data from six fingers in total - three fingers in the middle of the outer whorl from the second hand and from the second-most distal hand. Calculate as: the sum of the number of values for Presence of petiole collapse caused by Fusarium wilt scored as Present, divided by the Number of plants planted, multiplied by 100, e.g. 84 / 300 * 100 = 28%. Percentage of plants with petiole collapse caused by Fusarium wilt - computation fruit curve shape (scale 1 to 6) Average damage to the corm weevils - computation Calculate as: the sum of Damage to inner corm upper cross-section caused by weevils, Damage to outer corm upper cross-section caused by weevils, Damage to inner corm lower cross-section caused by weevils, and Damage to outer corm lower cross-section caused by weevils, divided by the number of traits included in the sum, e.g. (25 + 36 + 18 + 20) / 4 = 24.8. The number of all leaves (including dried/dead/wilted/yellow) in a shoot system Number Leaf number numLeaves Measurement under microscope Weevil larvae head capsule - measurement Collect all roots from a standard-size excavation of 20 x 20 x 20 cm extending outwards from the corm of the plant. Take only roots from the selected plant. Divide the collected roots into two categories: dead roots, functional roots. Dead roots are completely rotten or shrivelled whereas functional roots show at least some healthy tissue. Count the number of functional roots. Number of functional roots - counting A plant weight trait which is the fresh weight of a plant Fresh weight Plant fresh weight plantFreshMass Calculate as: multiply the distance of the spacing between the plants, both latitudinally and longitudinally, e.g. 2 m x 3 m = 6 m2. Plant spacing - computation Number of fingers Number of fruits on the mid-hand of the bunch **subsume Number of fruits on mid-hand of the bunch Record the rank of the previously marked leaf (the leaf that was marked in the Rank of marked youngest leaf during the last data collection), counting the leaf rank by starting with the newest completely unrolled leaf as 1 and moving downwards. Associate the data with the Date of data collection. Rank of previously marked leaf - counting The length of a leaf singleLeafLength Length Single leaf length Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 6 The number of leaves on a plant with a black leaf streak disease severity grade of 6. Number of leaves with a black leaf streak disease severity grade of 6 Leaf area - measurement Top view image Boiled plantain Stickiness Stickiness BoiPlantnStic Boiled plantain Force required to peel off the fraction of product adhering to the interior of the oral cavity Percentage of plants with yellowing leaves, caused by Fusarium wilt. Percentage of plants with yellowing leaves caused by Fusarium wilt Combined percentage with yellowing leaves No. per 100ml finger Nematode egg-laying females extent - estimation Collect all roots from a standard size excavation of 20 x 20 x 20 cm extending outwards from the corm of the plant. Take only roots from the selected plant. Carefully wash the soil from the roots with tap water. Cut the roots into 1 cm pieces. Take a subsample of 5 g, add 100 ml distilled water and store the roots at 4 degrees Celsius. Stain the egg masses by immersing the roots in 0.15 g/L phloxine B for 15 mins. Count the number of egg-laying females under a stereo microscope. numdead Number of plants dead Combined number of plants that are dead The number of plants that are dead. The number of functional leaves (greenness>50%) in a shoot system numFuncLeaves Functional leaf number Number Number of fingers in 2nd hand - counting Count how many fingers are in the third hand. leaves/month Main colour of the first external unlifted bract internal face Colour of the internal face Colour of bract internal face Growth - computation Leaf area increase between timepoints (refer to experimental metadata) per number of new leaves formed between timepoints (refer to experimental metadata) fruit curve shape (scale 1 to 5) Black leaf streak disease severity An indication of the extent of damage on an individual leaf caused by black leaf streak disease. Black leaf streak disease severity BLS Rank of marked youngest leaf The rank (position) of the youngest completely unrolled leaf. rankyoungleaf Rank finger Date of first youngest leaf spotted - estimation Record the date of event. The date the inflorescence emerges from the pseudostem and is still in an erect position. Date of shooting dateshoot Date of shooting The time elapsed from shooting (when the inflorescence emerges from the pseudostem and is still in an erect position) to the harvest of the bunch. Time from shooting to harvest shoot2harvest Time from shooting to harvest Put a part of the sample in the mouth and evaluate the intensity of astringency impression due to the sample Astringency method bunch shape scale (1 to 5) estnumfingers Number of fingers Calculated number of fingers in bunch The estimated number of fingers in the bunch based on a calculation using the number of fingers in the third and second-most distal hands and the number of hands in the bunch. Fruit pulp colour - estimation Visually observe the fruit pulp colour and select the option in the colour chart that is most representative. The recommendation is to collect this data from six fingers in total - three fingers in the middle of the outer whorl from the second hand and from the second-most distal hand. leaf rank Visually observe the fruit apex point and choose the option that is most similar, from the 5 photos of descriptor 6.7.6 in the reference material. Fruit apex point - estimation Rank of oldest standing leaf - counting Record the rank (order) of the oldest standing leaf (with an erect petiole), counting the rank by starting with the youngest completely unrolled leaf as 1 and moving downwards, associating the data with the Date of data collection. Aroma of pumpkin. Possibly, precise if the taste is like boiled pumpkin or fried... Matooke aroma pumpkin Matooke MatAroPumpA Pumpkin-like aroma handweight The weight of a hand. Weight Hand weight functional roots sweetness scale 0-10 pulp colour Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 5 Number of leaves with a black leaf streak disease severity grade of 5 The number of leaves on a plant with a black leaf streak disease severity grade of 5. Fruit pedicel length - exact value - measurement Measure from the scar on the rachis until the beginning of the fruit. Record on the inner fruit in the middle of the mid-hand of the bunch. Tip: use string to measure or trace outline of fruit on paper. Record the exact value. water suckers Calculate as: the sum of the number of values for Presence of petiole collapse caused by Fusarium wilt scored as Present, divided by the Number of plants planted, multiplied by 100, e.g. 84 / 300 * 100 = 28%. Vitamin C - measurement Date of death - estimation Record the date of event. Preference score individual respondents Researchers calculate the preference score by respondents leaf Number of spotted leaves - counting Count how many of the standing leaves are spotted (with at least 10 discrete, mature, necrotic lesions or one large necrotic area with 10 light-coloured dry centres), considering all leaves in between and inclusive of, the youngest leaf and the oldest standing leaf. height score (1 to 3) Presence of changes in new leaves caused by Fusarium wilt - estimation Visual assessment. The number of fingers in the second-most distal hand numfingers2nddistalhand Number of fingers Number of fingers in 2nd-most distal hand fruit length scale (1 to 5) blotch pigmentation scale (1 to 4) The following flower descriptors refer to the flowers at the axil of the first external unlifted bract. Fresh material must be used (make the observation as soon as you detach the bract/flower from the rachis). Visually observe the anther colour on the face opposite to the dehiscence split of the anther. Use colour chart B and observe out of direct sunlight. Anther colour - estimation Average number of banana weevil adults The average of how many adult banana weevils caught per trap. Average number of banana weevil adults per trap Calculate as: the Bunch weight divided by 1,000, multiplied by the Annual crop cycle proportion, multiplied by the Plant density, e.g. (50 / 1,000) * 1.09 * 1,667 = 90.85. Potential annual yield - computation Fruit pulp colour Pulp colour fruitpulpcolour The colour of the fruit pulp. No. per 10g Population density Number of Pratylenchus coffeae in soil Number of Pratylenchus coffeae per soil sample The average weight of the fingers. Average finger weight Average weight avefingerweight Preference scale Calculate as: the time elapsed between the Date of harvest of the bunch of the plant from the preceeding crop cycle and the Date of death of the current plant, e.g. 24/03/2015 - 24/12/2014 = 90 days. Time from harvest to death - computation DET The time elapsed between the development of black leaf streak disease symptoms at Foures black leaf streak disease severity grade 1, to 6. Time elapsed from Foures black leaf streak disease severity scale 1 to 6 Black leaf streak disease evolution time LER Monthly leaf emission rate Monthly leaf emission rate A rate that expresses the number of leaves that have emerged from the pseudostem in a month. Time from harvest to death Time from harvest to death The time elapsed from the harvest of the bunch of the plant from the preceding crop cycle to the death of the plant from the current crop cycle. harvest2death Put a part of the sample in the mouth and evaluate the intensity of taste of sweetness Sweetness tasting method Number of nematodes (Helicotylenchus multicinctus) per unit fresh root weight - method Count from 100 ml of soil sample cm singleLeafArea The area of a leaf Leaf area Area Total finger weight - computation Calculate as: the Bunch weight, minus the Rachis weight, e.g. 50 - 10 = 40. Collect all roots from a standard-size excavation of 20 x 20 x 20 cm extending outwards from the corm of the plant. Take only roots from the selected plant, do not include roots from adjacent plants. Carefully wash the soil from the roots with tap water. Cut the roots into 10 cm long pieces and dry with paper tissue. Take a subsample of 15 g, add 100 ml distilled water and store the roots at 4 degrees Celsius. Put the roots in 100 ml of distilled water in a kitchen blender. Macerate the roots 3 times for 10 secs (separated by 5 sec intervals). Pour the macerated suspension through 250, 106 and 40 micro-metre sieves and rinse the sieves with tap water. Using distilled water, collect in a beaker the nematodes from the 40 micro-metre sieve. Using distilled water, dilute to 200 ml the nematode suspension in a graduated cylinder. Blow air through the nematode suspension with a pipette (to homogenise the suspension). Take a subsample of 6 ml (counting dish) or 2 ml (counting slide). Count the nematodes in the counting dish (stereo microscope) or in the counting slide (light microscope). Calculate the final nematode population per unit of fresh root weight. Root nematode density - computation The taste of the smashed pulp of a mature fruit Taste Fruit smashed pulp taste Count from 10 g of chopped roots from the tested banana plant sample Number of nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) per unit fresh root weight -method Number of fingers in bunch - computation Calculate as: the sum of the Number of fingers in hand measurements from all the hands in the bunch (number equivalent to Number of hands in bunch), e.g. 16 + 17 + 19 + 18 + 19 + 18 + 17 + 17 + 16 + 14 + 14 + 13 = 198. Ratio root to shoot Ratio The ratio of dry mass of belowground (root) to abovegrund (shoot) biomass rootShootDry Stickiness in hand Matooke stickiness Matooke MatStickT mechanical textural attribute relating to the force required to remove material that sticks to the mouth Presence of yellowing leaves caused by Fusarium wilt YL Presence/absence of yellowing The presence/absence of yellowing leaves, caused by Fusarium wilt. Count how many sword suckers are in the mat. Number of sword suckers - counting kg Record the relative surface area coverage by blotches. [x Look at several plants if possible to get an overall idea. Observe at flowering time]. Blotches area - estimation Length lengthPseudostem The length of a pseudostem Pseudostem length Circumference at collar plantcircumfcollar Plant circumference at collar The circumference of the pseudostem of the plant at the collar. Take a part of the sample between fingers and evaluate how hard the sample is Hardness in hand method Percentage of plants with yellowing leaves caused by Fusarium wilt - computation Calculate as: the sum of the number of values for Presence of yellowing leaves caused by Fusarium wilt scored as Present, divided by the Number of plants planted, multiplied by 100, e.g. 78 / 300 * 100 = 26%. fruit pedicel scale (1 to 3) Weighing Fresh weight - measurement BD colour chart A - 2016 Petiole margin colour Colour Main colour of the petiole margin. Where the petiole and pseudostem meet at shooting. Margin is the part of the petiole that can be bent outwards/inwards Vitamin C content The Vitamin C content of freeze-dried smashed pulp of a mature fruit Vitamin C content Formation leavesFormedPerPseudostemGrowth Stunting expressed as number of leaves per height growth Leaves formed per pseudostem height increase Firmness in mouth method Put a part of the sample in your mouth, evaluate during the first bite (between molars) how hard is the sample. The percentage of all roots in a standard-size excavation of 20 x 20 x 20 cm extending outwards from the corm of the plant that are dead. Percentage of dead roots Percentage of dead roots Remains of flower relicts at fruit apex Percentage of flower relicts at fruit apex Remains of flower relicts at apex Male bud size - measurement Length and maximum diamter of male bud at harvest. Cause of death causedeath Cause of death The cause of death of the plant. rachis type scale (1 to 2) plantspacing Area allocated to one plant Plant spacing The area allocated to one plant. Number of fingers in outer whorl The number of fingers in the outer whorl of the second-most distal hand numfingersouterwhorl2nddistalhand Number of fingers in outer whorl of 2nd-most distal hand Calculate as: the Number of functional roots divided by the Number of all roots, multiplied by 100, e.g. 12 / 20 * 100 = 60 % functional roots. Percentage of functional roots - computation numfingers3rdhand Number of fingers in 3rd hand The number of fingers in the third hand. Number of fingers Calculate as: number of square metres in the area unit of choice, divided by the Plant spacing, e.g. 10,000 square metres in 1 hectare / 6 = 1,667 plants/ha. Plant density - computation Banana weevil adult body weight The weight of a banana weevil adult weevil body. Body weight fruit relicts scale (1 to 3) Bract behaviour before falling - estimation Visually observe the last bract to lift from the hands, ideally when the bract has lifted to a horizontal position, and choose the option that is most similar, from the 2 photos of descriptpr 6.5.12 in the reference material. nematode lifecycle stages unitless PA Overall plant appearance Assessment by respondents of physical features of a plant by giving it a score on the preference scale Overall plant appearance Dry weight - measurement 80?C, for 14 days, or longer untill dry Collect all roots from a standard-size excavation of 20 x 20 x 20 cm extending outwards from the corm of the plant. Take only roots from the selected plant. Divide the collected roots into two categories: dead roots, functional roots. Dead roots are completely rotten or shrivelled whereas functional roots show at least some healthy tissue. From the functional roots, randomly select five primary roots that are at least 10 cm, and reduce their length to 10 cm. Determine the presence/absence of root knot nematodes, observed externally as galls on the roots. Nematode root knot galling presence - estimation Calculate as: the sum of the Number of fingers in hand, divided by the Number of hands in bunch, e.g. (10 + 10 + 11 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 12 + 12 + 12 + 11 +12 + 12 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 11) / 16 = 10.8. Average number of fingers in hand - hands - computation stickiness scale 0-10 Cut the hands off the rachis and weigh the rachis, using scales. Rachis weight - measurement Blotch surface area Blotches relative area at petiole base Percentage coverage of petiole base by blotches. Number of nematodes in soil Population density Nematode population density by species in soil The shortest diagonal of a fitted ellips Leaf width - measurement plantdens Combined density of plants planted The number of plants that are planted, in a defined area. Plant density End date and time of data collection - estimation Record the date and time of event. Count how many fingers are in a hand. Associate the data with the Hand rank. The recommendation is to collect this data from the second and second-most distal hands. Number of fingers in hand - counting maiden sucker Body length The length of a weevil larvae body, from the weevil larvae head to the tip of the abdomen. Banana weevil larvae body length Describe the pest and/or disease assessment and/or sample collection taking place at the time of data collection. Pest and/or disease assessment and/or sample collection description - estimation Presence/absence of splitting SP The presence/absence of a splitting pseudostem base, caused by Fusarium wilt. Presence of splitting pseudostem base caused by Fusarium wilt numsuckers The number of all types of suckers in the mat. Number of suckers Number of all types of suckers Petiole margin colour - estimation Observations on the margins and petiole wings should be made where the petiole and pseudostem meet at shooting. Use colour chart A and observe out of direct sunlight. Record the colour of the margin (general colour is below the rim). [x Observe at flowering time.] Height Distance from the base of the pseudostem to the emerging point of the peduncle. Pseudostem height Moisture in mouth perception of moisture content of a food by the tactile receptors in the mouth and also in relation to the lubricating properties of the product Matooke moisture Matooke MatMoistM Number of fingers in 2nd-most distal hand - counting Count how many fingers are in the second-most distal hand. Finger lateral diameter - measurement Measure the lateral diameter of a finger from the left to the right side (not from the ventral to the dorsal side), at the widest point, using calipers. Associate the data with the Hand rank. The recommendation is to collect this data from six fingers in total - three fingers in the middle of the outer whorl from the second hand and from the second-most distal hand. BoiPlantnMeal Mealiness Boiled plantain Mealiness Mechanical property linked to cohesion and the presence of fine particles in the product during chewing Boiled plantain Number of nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) per unit fresh root weight - method Count from 100 ml of soil sample Male rachis position Angle of the rachis between last hand and male bud Angle of the part of the rachis between the last hand and the male bud The amount of water loss in the system over time Volume System water loss waterLossSyst Average head capsule width Banana weevil larvae average head capsule width The average width of a banana weevil larvae head capsule. Main colour of the face of anther opposite to dehiscence Colour Anther colour Calculate as: the sum of the number of values for Date of harvest. Number of plants harvested - computation The amount of damage to the inner corm (central cylinder) lower cross-section, assessed by percentage of tunnels caused by weevils. Percentage damage to lower cross-section inner corm caused by weevils Damage percent X-lower-inner Percentage of dead roots - computation Calculate as: the Number of dead roots divided by the Number of all roots, multiplied by 100, e.g. 8 / 20 * 100 = 40 % dead roots. Dwarfism of plants Dwarfism dwarfism The presence or absence of dwarfism on a mat Time elapsed between planting and the appearance of the first youngest leaf spotted. Time elapsed from planting to first youngest leaf spotted Time from planting to first youngest leaf spotted dateharvest Date of harvest Date of harvest The date the bunch is harvested from the plant. Number of nematodes (Radopholus similis ) per unit fresh root weight - method Count from 100 ml of soil sample yyyy/mm/dd Adult weevil body - measurement Electronic weighing method Count how many hands are in the bunch. Number of hands in bunch - counting Calculate as: the Plant density multiplied by the Non-harvest proportion, e.g. 1,667 * 0.08 = 133. Non-harvest density - computation Number of hands in bunch numhands The number of hands in the bunch. Number of hands Presence absence 0 Preference scoring scale female respondents Individual female respondents give the plant one of three possible scoring cards: Like, Dont know, Dont like. Men and women use different colors of scoring cards. Plant height - petiole of two youngest leaves - measurement Measure the distance from the collar, or from the pseudostem base at the ground if the collar is not visible, to the intersection of the petioles of the two youngest leaves (leaf ranks 1 and 2), using a measuring pole or sliding ruler. Date of tagged leaf presenting black leaf streak disease symptoms at Foures stage 6 - estimation Record the date of event. Bract apex shape - estimation Refers to the first external unlifted bract. Visually observe the apex shape of flattened bracts to determine shape and choose the option that is most similar, from the 4 photos of descriptor 6.5.2. in the reference material. Focus group discussion with female respondents, to discuss selection traits of genotype that was second ranked lowest in preference ranking exercise Focus group discussion for second lowest ranked traits with female respondents Annual plant productivity - computation Calculate as: the Bunch weight multiplied by the Annual crop cycle proportion, e.g. 48 * 1.09 = 52.32. Put in the mouth a piece of banana and Evaluate the force necessary to obtain the deformation of the product between the teeth during the first compression Firmness Sensory Texture method Record the pest and/or disease assessment and/or sample collection taking place at the time of data collection. Pest and/or disease assessment and/or sample collection options - estimation Focus group discussion for second lowest ranked traits with male respondents Focus group discussion with male respondents, to discuss selection traits of genotype that was ranked second lowest in preference ranking exercise Moistness Perception of the amount of water absorbed or released by the product BoiPlantnMois Boiled plantain Boiled plantain Moistness Number of Meloidogyne spp. per soil sample Population density Number of Meloidogyne spp. in soil Shape of the longitudinal curvature Fruit shape of curve Shape of a fruit (finger) in the middle of the bunch **subsume Fresh weight leafFreshMass Leaf fresh weight A leaf weight trait which is the fresh weight of a leaf Number of weevil larvae - counting Visual counting method Count only fully developed fruit. If there is an even number of hands, there will be two middle hands. Count the middle hand that developed first. Number of fruits on mid-hand of the bunch - counting Observations on the margins and petiole wings should be made where the petiole and pseudostem meet at shooting. Record on the last developed leaf at [x flowering stage] [shooting]. Colour line along edge of petiole margin - estimation Record the apparent cause of the damage to the plant, e.g. strong winds, weevil damage, etc. Cause of damage - estimation Detach the outermost sheath from the pseudostem (the sheath should not be too dry). Record the overall impression of colour of the exposed surface of the underlying pseudostem. Note that this main colour should cover more than 75% of the underlying pseudostem surface. Use colour chart A and observe out of direct sunlight. Pseudostem colour - estimation Mealiness Sensory Texture method Put a piece of banana in your mouth and assess the presence of mealiness particles during chewing The third leaf (Leaf III) is counted from the last leaf produced before [x bunch emergence] [shooting]. Cut the petiole halfway between the pseudostem and the leaf blade and examine the cross section. [x Observe at flowering time]. Margin behaviour on petiole canal of third leaf - estimation waterLossPlant The amount of water loss through the plant over time Volume Plant water loss Fruit apex point Description of fruit apex Apex point The extent to which vascular discolouration extends up the pseudostem should be determined by making cross-section cuts, from the base of the pseudostem upwards, and examining the internal tissues following each cut. The point at which discolouration is no longer visible should be noted and the distance from this point to the pseudostem base recorded. Extent of internal discolouration in corm of plant caused by Fusarium wilt - estimation Lateral diameter of the pulp Fruit pulp lateral diameter pulpdiam The lateral (side to side) diameter of the pulp of a fruit. Visually observe the male rachis appearance and choose the option that is most similar. Male rachis appearance - estimation Leaf number - counting Count the number of leaves (functional only > 50% estimated green area) Total finger weight - measurement Cut the hands off from the rachis and weigh all the hands together, using scales. Description of damage Damage description A description of the damage to the plant. describedamage Average finger external length - computation Calculate as: the sum of the Finger external length measurements, divided by the number of those measurements, e.g. (30 + 34 + 32 + 33 + 33 + 31) / 6 = 32.1. Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 6 - computation Calculate as: the sum of values with a Black leaf streak disease severity grade of 6. Population density Number of Pratylenchus goodeyi per soil sample Number of Pratylenchus goodeyi in soil Moistness Mouth impression method Once the flavors are detected, moisture is felt by turning the product in the mouth Fruit length Length [x at maturity] Length of the internal arc of a finger ** subsume Number of hands measured - counting Count how many hands are used to obtain a measurement. Non-harvest proportion nonharvprop Combined proportion of plants not harvested The proportion of plants that are alive but not harvested (e.g. due to slow or poor development), from the number of plants planted. Count how many fingers are in multiple hands. Associate the data with the Hand rank and the Number of hands measured. The recommendation is to collect this data from the second and second-most distal hands. Multiple number of fingers in hand - counting Preference scoring scale individual respondents Individual respondents give the plant one of three possible scoring cards: Like, Dont know, Dont like. Men and women use different colors of scoring cards. wing presence/absence and clasping presence/absence scale 1 to 5 Growth Increase of leaf area leafAreaIncrease Leaf area increase over time Count how many maiden suckers are in the mat. Number of maiden suckers - counting Ratio of non green to green plant pixels Leaf chlorosis - computation The taste of the unsmashed pulp of a mature fruit Taste Fruit unsmashed pulp taste Nematode stage - estimation Identify the nematode stage, using the options. Calculate as: the time elapsed between the Date of harvest of the bunch of the plant from the preceeding crop cycle and the Date of harvest of the bunch of the plant from the current crop cycle, e.g. 24/11/2015 - 24/12/2014 = 335 days. Ratoon crop cycle - computation Black leaf streak disease incubation time Time elapsed from Bruns stage B of unrolling to Foures black leaf streak disease severity scale 1 DIT The time elapsed between a tagged cigar leaf at Bruns stage B of unrolling and the development of black leaf streak disease symptoms at Foures black leaf streak disease severity grade 1. Average finger weight - computation Calculate as: the sum of the the Finger weight measurements, divided by the number of those measurements, e.g. (150 + 146 + 147 + 152 + 140 + 146) / 6 = 147. Moistness scale 0-10 Finger circumference - measurement Measure the circumference of a finger at its widest point, using a tape measure. Associate the data with the Hand rank. The recommendation is to collect this data from six fingers in total - three fingers in the middle of the outer whorl from the second hand and from the second-most distal hand. Weighing of water loss though system between timepoints (refer to experimental metadata) Water loss - measurement Count the number of leaves Leaf number - counting Height The height of the pseudostem of the tallest sucker within the same mat as the plant (the sucker that will become the next plant with a bunch, once the bunch from the current plant is harvested) Tallest sucker height suckerheight Number of nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) per unit fresh root weight -method Count from 10 g of chopped roots from the tested banana plant sample Percentage of functional roots The percentage of all roots in a standard-size excavation of 20 x 20 x 20 cm extending outwards from the corm of the plant that are functional. Percentage of functional roots Leaf area to plant area ratio leafAreaRatio Ratio of projected leaf area to the actual leaf area, measure for the compactness of the plant crown Ratio Matooke aroma grassy Matooke MatAroGrassA Grassy-like aroma Aroma of fresh grass The number of leaves on a plant with a black leaf streak disease severity grade of 1. Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 1 Number of leaves with a black leaf streak disease severity grade of 1 % Dry weight - measurement 80?C, for 14 days, or longer untill dry aroma scale 0-10 bract behaviour scale (1 to 2) Count from 100 ml of soil sample Number of nematodes (unclassified spp.) per unit fresh root weight - method Sweetness scale 0-10 Preference scoring scale male respondents Individual male respondents give the plant one of three possible scoring cards: Like, Dont know, Dont like. Men and women use different colors of scoring cards. fruit apex scale (1 to 5) Number of nematodes (Hoplolaimus spp.) per unit fresh root weight - method Count from 100 ml of soil sample Plant state description - estimation Record a description of the state of the plant. Calculate as: the sum of the number of values for Date of planting. Number of plants planted - computation The texture of the smashed pulp of a mature fruit Texture Fruit smashed pulp texture Record the date of event. Date of tagged leaf presenting black leaf streak disease symptoms at Foures stage 1 - estimation Weekly leaf emission rate LER A rate that expresses the number of leaves that have emerged from the pseudostem in a week. Weekly leaf emission rate An index to express the proportion of standing leaves without the typical late-stage symptoms of black leaf streak disease, i.e. a black spot with a necrotic centre. This index provides an estimation of available photosynthetic leaf area prior to fruit filling and is a measure of resistance. It also corrects for the difference in the number of leaves produced by different types of bananas. Index of non-spotted leaves INSL Index of non-spotted leaves BD colour chart B - 1996 Stickiness Sensory Texture method Press a piece of banana between the molars and appreciate the adhesion of the product Percentage of plants with external disease symptoms caused by Fusarium wilt - computation Calculate as: the sum of the number of plants with any or multiple of the external disease symptoms caused by Fusarium wilt - yellowing leaves, splitting of pseudostem base, changes in new leaves, petiole collapse - divided by the Number of plants planted * 100, e.g. 112 / 300 * 100 = 37%. Cut a hand from the rachis and weigh the hand, using scales. Associate the data with the Hand rank. Hand weight - measurement plantheightneck The height of the pseudostem of the plant from the collar to the curved neck of the peduncle. Height Plant height to neck of peduncle roots Number of leaves with a black leaf streak disease severity grade of 4 Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 4 The number of leaves on a plant with a black leaf streak disease severity grade of 4. Number of Radopholus similis in soil Number of Radopholus similis per soil sample Population density Distance of internal discolouration in pseudostem of tallest sucker, caused by Fusarium wilt Distance of internal discolouration in pseudostem of tallest sucker caused by Fusarium wilt For the tallest sucker, the complete corm should be removed from the soil, the roots cut off and excess soil removed. Cross-sections of the corm should be cut (using a guillotine or other suitable device) to obtain five slices of equal thickness. The upper surface of each cut section should be examined and visually evaluate the extent of the vascular discolouration. Chewiness Boiled plantain Boiled plantain Chewiness Energy or number of chews necessary to chew the banana to make it ready to be swallowed BoiPlantnChew Non-harvest proportion - computation Calculate as: the Number of plants not harvested, divided by the Number of plants planted, e.g. 2 / 24 = 0.08. BD colour chart B - 2016 Preference score male respondents Researchers calculate the preference score by male respondents singleLeafWidth Width The width of a leaf Single leaf width Record the date of event. Date of harvest - estimation Male bud shape - computation Calculate the ratio w/y, i.e. the broadest width of the male bud to the total length of the male bud. Do not measure the dimensions along the bud but rather on a projection/outline of the bud (e.g. trace the outline of the bud on paper) and use ruler or measuring tape. Calculate as: the time elapsed between the Date of planting and the Date of death, e.g. 24/05/2014 - 24/01/2014 = 120 days. Time from planting to death - computation Count how many peeper suckers are in the mat. Number of peeper suckers - counting Visually observe the remains, or not, of flower relicts at the finger apex, and choose the option that is most similar, from the 4 photos of descriptor 6.7.7 in the reference materials. Remains of flower relicts at fruit apex - estimation Dry weight difference between timepoints (refer to experimental metadata) Growth - computation Measure the length of the internal arc of a fruit, without pedicel. Record on the inner fruit in the middle of the mid-hand of the bunch. If there is an even number of hands, there will be two middle hands so use the upper hand that developed first. Record the range. Fruit length - range - measurement Number of plants not harvested The number of plants that are alive but not harvested (e.g. due to slow or poor development). Combined number of plants not harvested numnotharv Fusarium wilt internal symptoms scale Date of data collection The date of data collection. Date of data collection datedatacoll Root nematode density Number of nematodes per unit of fresh weight The number of nematode individuals per unit of fresh root weight. leaf rank Average body weight The average weight of a banana weevil larvae body. Banana weevil larvae average body weight Damage to lower outer corm weevils - measurement Cut a transverse cross section of the corm at 10 cm below the collar (lower cross-section). Score weevil damage (galleries) as percentage damage on the side of the cross-section that was facing the ground, downwards. petiole-margin contrast Pseudostem height difference between timepoints (refer to experimental metadata) Growth - computation Bunch shape Shape Shape of the fully developed bunch on a plant Black leaf streak disease severity index - computation Calculate as: ((((Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 0, multiplied by 0), plus (Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 1, multiplied by 1), plus (Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 2, multiplied by 2), plus (Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 3, multiplied by 3), plus (Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 4, multiplied by 4), plus (Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 5, multiplied by 5), plus (Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 6, multiplied by 6)), divided by the number of grades in the scale minus 1 (i.e. 7-1)), divided by the Number of standing leaves), multiplied by 100. For example, ((((3 * 0) + (1 * 1) + (1 * 2) + (3 * 3) + (5 * 4) + (0 * 5) + (0 * 6)) / 6) / 13) * 100 = ((32 / 6) / 13) * 100 = 41. 5 pt corm discolouration scale Growth - computation Fresh weight difference between timepoints (refer to experimental metadata) Count from 100 ml of soil sample Number of nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) per unit fresh root weight - method Put a part of the sample in the mouth, chew and evaluate the quantity of water within the sample. Moisture in mouth method leafChlorosis Leaf chlorosis Chlorosis Leaf trait correlated to the health stage of the leaf Combined number of plants harvested numharv Number of plants harvested The number of plants that are harvested. The percentage of plants with any or multiple of the internal disease symptoms - discolouration in the corm, and/or discolouration in the pseudostem, caused by Fusarium wilt. Combined percentage with internal symptoms of Fusarium wilt Percentage of plants with internal disease symptoms caused by Fusarium wilt Calculate as: the sum of the Fruit pulp lateral diameter measurements, divided by the number of those measurements, e.g. (3.1 + 4.8 + 3.7 + 4.6 + 5.6 + 6.4) / 6 = 4.7. Average fruit pulp lateral diameter - computation Fresh plant growth growthFresh Growth Fresh mass accumulation over time []/cm Rank Hand rank of 2nd-most distal hand handid2ndmostdistal The rank (order) of a the second-most distal hand in the bunch. Description of traits considered important in selection of best genotype by respondents Selection criteria for genotype ranked highest by respondents Genotype selection traits Discolouration caused by Fusarium wilt rating A rating of the extent of rhizome (corm) discolouration, caused by Fusarium wilt. Rating of internal symptoms of Fusarium wilt in the greenhouse Rating of internal symptoms of Fusarium wilt in the greenhouse - estimation Visual assessment. gustatory complex sensation, generally due to presence of organic acids Sourness Matooke Matooke sourness MatSour Leaf dry weight leafDryMass The dry weight of a leaf Dry weight bract apex scale (1 to 5) astringency scale 0-10 Time from start of crop cycle to first external disease symptoms caused by Fusarium wilt - computation Calculate as: the time elapsed between the Date of planting or the Date of harvest of the bunch from the plant of the previous crop cycle and the Date of first external disease symptoms caused by Fusarium wilt. Boiled plantain Sweetness BoiPlantnSwt Boiled plantain Sweetness Elemental flavor caused by dilute aqueous solutions of various substances such as sucrose or aspartame Firmness scale 0-10 The number of leaves on a plant with a black leaf streak disease severity grade of 3. Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 3 Number of leaves with a black leaf streak disease severity grade of 3 Presence of root knot nematodes The presence of root knot nematodes, observed externally as galls on the roots. Nematode root knot galling presence Matooke Mechanical textural attribute relating to the force required to achieve a given deformation, penetration, or breakage of a product. MatFirmM Matooke firmness Firmness in mouth The number of fingers used to obtain a measurement. Number of fingers measured numfingersmeas Number used to obtain a measurement Calculate as: the time elapsed between the Date of planting to the Date of harvest. E.g. 24/12/2014 - 24/01/2014 = 334 days. Plant crop cycle - computation Leaf relative water content rwcLeaf Content The relative water content in a leaf Presence absence 0 moldability scale 0-10 Index of black leaf streak disease severity None Finger external length fingerextlength External length The length of a finger measured along the external (dorsal) arc, excluding the pedicel and the fruit tip. Fusarium wilt external symptoms scale The extent of egg-laying female root knot nematodes, observed internally as pit-like structures on the roots. Nematode egg-laying females extent Extent of root knot nematodes Leaf length - measurement The longest diagonal of a fitted ellips Pumpkin-like Aroma method Put a part of the product and by retro-olfaction evaluate the presence and the intensity of pumpkin-like aroma Count how many fingers are in the outer whorl of the second-most distal hand. Number of fingers in outer whorl of 2nd-most distal hand - counting Date of damage The date damage to the plant is first observed. datedamage Date of damage Rank of previously marked leaf The current rank (position) of the leaf that was previously marked as the youngest leaf at the time of the last data collection event. Rank rankprevleaf Pigmentation of outer surface of cigar leaf - estimation Visually observe the pigmentation of the outer surface of the cigar leaf of a developed sucker or on another plant of the same accession. [x Observation should be made before shooting, on a developed sucker or on another plant of the same accession.] dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm:ss Male rachis type Behaviour of male rachis - truncated or present. Truncated means there is no bract scar below the last hand. Present means there is a degenerated or persistent male bud Presence Finger internal length - measurement Measure the length of a finger, along the internal (ventral) arc, excluding the pedicel and the fruit tip, using a tape measure. Associate the data with the Hand rank and the Number of fingers measured. The recommendation is to collect this data from six fingers in total - three fingers in the middle of the outer whorl from the second hand and from the second-most distal hand. Focus group discussion for second ranked traits with female respondents Focus group discussion with female respondents, to discuss selection traits of genotype that was ranked second highest in preference ranking exercise parthenocarpy Pseudostem height difference between timepoints (refer to experimental metadata) per number of new leaves formed between timepoints (refer to experimental metadata) Growth - computation Number of sword suckers The number of sword suckers (suckers with narrow leaves and a large rhizome) in the mat. Number of sword suckers numswordsuckers Water content - computation (Leaf Fresh Weight - Leaf Dry Weight) / Leaf Fresh Weight Put a piece of banana in your mouth, chew it and swirl it around your tongue to detect the sweet flavor Taste method Sweetness Select at random five functional primary roots, at least 10 cm long. Reduce the length of the five selected roots to 10 cm and slice through the roots length-wise. Evaluate one half of each of the five roots for the percentage of root cortex showing necrosis. The maximum root necrosis per root half can be 20 %, giving a maximum root necrosis of 100 % for the five halves together. Mentally determine the necrosis of the individual roots (1 to 5) and sum these together to get the total root necrosis of the sample. Root necrosis caused by nematodes - estimation Calculate as: the sum of values with a Black leaf streak disease severity grade of 4. Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 4 - computation Date of planting Date of planting The date of planting the plant. dateplant Death proportion The proportion of plants that are dead, from the number of plants planted. deathprop Combined proportion of plants that are dead Number Number of all roots The total number of all roots (both dead and functional) in a standard-size excavation of 20 x 20 x 20 cm extending outwards from the corm of the plant. Calculate as: the time elapsed between the Date of tagged leaf presenting black leaf streak disease symptoms at Foures stage 1 and the Date of tagged cigar leaf unrolling at stage B, e.g. 24/04/2014 - 24/03/2014 = 31 days. Black leaf streak disease incubation time - computation The bunch weight produced by the plant over the course of the crop cycle, averaged across one year. plantannyield Plant annual yield Annual yield Ratio - computation Ratio of pseudostem dry mass versus plant dry mass Time from planting to shooting - computation Calculate as: the time elapsed between the Date of planting and the Date of shooting. E.g. 24/09/2014 - 24/01/2014 = 243 days. Record a description of the damage to the plant, e.g. leaves ripped, pseudostem snapped, plant toppled, etc. Damage description - estimation Boiled plantain Firmness BoiPlantnFirm Firmness Force required to obtain deformation, penetration or rupture of the banana Boiled plantain Water loss - measurement Weighing of water loss though plant between timepoints (refer to experimental metadata) Measure the circumference of the pseudostem of the plant at 75 cm from the collar, or from the pseudostem base at the ground if the collar is not visible, using a tape measure. Plant circumference 75 cm - measurement Bunch quality - estimation Visual estimation of bunch quality, for Early Evaluation Trial stage only. The date of death of the plant. datedeath Date of death Date of death Record the date of event. Date of flowering - estimation color homogeneity scale 0-10 Calculate as: the Rank of previously marked leaf at one point in time, minus 1 (equivalent to the Rank of marked youngest leaf), divided by the time elapsed between the two Date of data collection events when the marked leaf was recorded as 1) the Rank of marked youngest leaf and 2) the Rank of previously marked leaf, e.g. (2 - 1) / 1 week = LER of 1 leaves/week during a particular time period. Weekly leaf emission rate - computation sword sucker bunch position scale(1 to 5) Transpiration efficiency - computation Gram accumulated biomass per volume water transpired Total finger weight - hands - computation Calculate as: the sum of the Hand weight measurements from all the hands in the bunch (number equivalent to Number of hands in bunch), e.g. 2.4 + 3.6 + 3.2 + 4.1 + 4.0 + 3.9 + 3.6 + 3.3 + 3.3 + 2.9 + 2.9 + 2.8 = 40.0. Calculate as: the sum of values with a Black leaf streak disease severity grade of 5. Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 5 - computation Number of Pratylenchus spp. in roots Population density Number of Pratylenchus spp. per fresh root weight bud size scale (1 to 3) smoothness scale 0-10 plants not harvested/plants planted BD colour chart A - 2016 Calculation of preference score by respondents Preference score Overall plant appearance PS Plant state description statedescription A description of the state of the plant. State description bud shape scale (1 to 3) margin behaviour scale (1 to 5) open answer Nematode reproduction factor (microplot screening) Population density Nematode multiplication from single root inoculation of 50 nematodes per 8 cm length after 12 weeks The following flower descriptors refer to the flowers at the axil of the first external unlifted bract. Fresh material must be used (make the observation as soon as you detach the bract/flower from the rachis). Visually observe the colour of the backside middle of tepal. Use colour chart B and observe out of direct sunlight. Compound tepal main colour - estimation dateendtimedatacoll Date and time of end of data collection The date and time of the end of data collection on a plant. End date and time of data collection Pseudostem height - estimation Recorded from the base of the pseudostem to the emerging point of the peduncle. Banana weevil adult body length The length of a banana weevil adult body, from the head to the tip of the abdomen. Body length m2 Record the date of event. Date of damage - estimation Petiole margins winged Wing presence Behaviour of the petiole margins - winged or not winged. the petiole and pseudostem meet at shooting. Margin is the part of the petiole that can be bent outwards/inwards sourness scale 0-10 Main colour of the backside of the compound tepal Compound tepal main colour Main colour Measure the length of a finger that is at the ready to eat stage, along the external (dorsal) arc, excluding the pedicel and the fruit tip, using a tape measure. Associate the data with the Hand rank and the Number of fingers measured. The recommendation is to collect this data from six fingers in total - three fingers in the middle of the outer whorl from the second hand and from the second-most distal hand. Finger external length - measurement Rate waterLossDay The average daily water loss Daily rate of water loss Description of traits considered important in selection of second best genotype by respondents Genotype selection traits Selection criteria for genotype ranked second highest by respondents Death density - computation Calculate as: the Plant density multiplied by the Death proportion, e.g. 1,667 * 0.17 = 283. Index of non-spotted leaves Tallest sucker number of functional leaves Number of functional leaves tallsuckererfunctleaves The number of leaves on the tallest sucker that have 50 % or more of the leaf surface area as green, healthy, photosynthetic tissue. Number of fingers Multiple number of fingers in hand multnumfingshand The number of fingers in multiple hands. Focus group discussion with female respondents, to discuss selection traits of genotype that was ranked third highest in preference ranking exercise Focus group discussion for third ranked traits with female respondents Calculate as: the sum of values with a Black leaf streak disease severity grade of 0. Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 0 - computation Collect all roots from a standard-size excavation of 20 x 20 x 20 cm extending outwards from the corm of the plant. Take only roots from the selected plant. Divide the collected roots into two categories: dead roots, functional roots. Dead roots are completely rotten or shrivelled whereas functional roots show at least some healthy tissue. From the functional roots, randomly select five primary roots that are at least 10 cm, and reduce their length to 10 cm. Where root knot nematode galls are present, determine the extent of the galling using the scale. Nematode root knot galling extent - estimation Count from 100 ml of soil sample Number of nematodes (Pratylenchus goodeyi) per unit fresh root weight - method The presence/absence of changes in new leaves - irregular pale margins, narrowing of lamina, burning plus ripping of lamina, lamina becoming more erect, caused by Fusarium wilt. Presence of changes in new leaves caused by Fusarium wilt CNL Presence/absence of changes pseudostemToPlantMassRatio_dry Ratio Pseudostem to whole plant mass ratio Measure for the biomass allocation: dry mass of pseudostem versus whole plant dry mass ratio Focus group discussion with male respondents, to discuss selection traits of genotype that was ranked lowest in preference ranking exercise Focus group discussion for lowest ranked traits with male respondents pseudostemHeightIncreasePerFormedLeaf Stunting expressed as height growth per new formed leaf Pseudostem height increase per leaf formed Growth g / mL Male bud length - measurement Measure the length (y) of a projection/outline of the male bud on paper, with a measuring tape or ruler. The number of fingers in a hand. numfingershand Number of fingers Number of fingers in hand Weigh multiple fingers together, using scales. Associate the data with the Hank rank and the Number of fingers measured. The recommendation is to collect this data from six fingers in total - three fingers in the middle of the outer whorl from the second hand and from the second-most distal hand. Multiple finger weight - measurement The number of leaves on the plant that have 50 % or more of the leaf surface area as green, healthy, photosynthetic tissue. Number of functional leaves Number of functional leaves functleaves 80?C, for 14 days, or longer untill dry Dry weight - measurement Weevil larvae body length - measurement Measurement under microscope Number of standing leaves - counting Count how many of the leaves are standing leaves (without a bent or broken petiole) Weighing Fresh weight - measurement blotch pigmentation scale (1 to 5) Put a part of the sample between thumb and index fingers and using tapping motions, evaluate the amount of product adhering on them Stickiness in hand method Apex shape Bract apex shape Shape of the first external unlifted bract of the male bud Calculate as: the Number of plants dead, divided by the Number of plants planted, e.g. 4 / 24 = 0.17. Death proportion - computation Focus group discussion with female respondents, to discuss selection traits of genotype that was ranked lowest in preference ranking exercise Focus group discussion for lowest ranked traits with female respondents Dry weight - measurement 80?C, for 14 days, or longer untill dry Put a part of the sample in mouth, chew it and after 5 chews, evaluate between tongue and palate the number and the size of the particles. Smoothness in mouth method firmness scale 0-10 Population density Number of Radopholus similis per fresh root weight Number of Radopholus similis in roots Calculate as: the time elapsed between the Date of flowering to the Date of harvest, e.g. 24/12/2014 - 24/10/2014 = 61 days. Time from flowering to harvest - computation Record the date of event. Date of weevil damage to corm assessment - estimation Put a part of the product and by retro-olfaction evaluate the presence and the intensity of matoke-like aroma Matooke-like Aroma method rachis appearance scale (1 to 5) Calculate as: the sum of the number of plants with any or multiple of the internal disease symptoms caused by Fusarium wilt - discolouration in the corm, and/or discolouration in the pseudostem - divided by the Number of plants planted * 100, e.g. 108 / 300 * 100 = 36%. Percentage of plants with internal disease symptoms caused by Fusarium wilt - computation fusion of pedicel scale (1 to 2) Dry weight Plant dry weight plantDryMass The dry weight of the whole plant. Presence of petiole collapse caused by Fusarium wilt - estimation Visual assessment. Count how many water suckers are in the mat. Number of water suckers - counting waterLossSystPerLeafArea Volume The amount of water loss in the system normalized by the leaf area System water loss per leaf area bract imbrication scale (1 to 3) Water loss - measurement Weighing of water loss though system normalized by leaf area Index of black leaf streak disease severity How many banana weevil adults used to obtain a measurement. Number of adult weevils measured Number of banana weevil adults measured Record the date of event. Date of first external disease symptoms caused by Fusarium wilt - estimation Water content - computation (Plant Fresh Weight - Plant Dry Weight) / Plant Fresh Weight hand Fruit pedicel length Length of the fruit pedicel from rachis to the beginning of the pulp Length Root knot nematode galling Visual counting method Number of adult larvae - counting yellowness scale 0-10 Visual assessment. Presence of splitting pseudostem base caused by Fusarium wilt - estimation Percentage of plants with changes in new leaves caused by Fusarium wilt - computation Calculate as: the sum of the number of values for Presence of changes in new leaves caused by Fusarium wilt scored as Present, divided by the Number of plants planted, multiplied by 100, e.g. 67 / 300 * 100 = 22%. Calculate as: the time elapsed between the Date of tagged leaf presenting black leaf streak disease symptoms at Foures stage 6 and the Date of tagged cigar leaf unrolling at stage B, e.g. 24/06/2014 - 24/03/2014 = 92 days. Black leaf streak disease development time - computation Mealiness scale 0-10 Plant height - neck of peduncle - measurement Measure the distance from the collar, or from the pseudostem base at the ground if the collar is not visible, to under the neck of the curved peduncle, using a measuring pole or sliding ruler. Number of nematodes (Pratylenchus coffeae) per unit fresh root weight - method Count from 100 ml of soil sample Number of standing leaves The number of leaves attached to the plant that have an erect petiole (not bent or broken). Number of standing leaves The weight of a banana weevil larvae body. Body weight Banana weevil larvae body weight Average number of fingers in hand Average number of fingers avenumfingshand The average number of fingers in a hand. Length - measurement Manual height measurement Rating of external symptoms of Fusarium wilt in the field A rating of the extent of leaf yellowing and wilting, caused by Fusarium wilt. Leaf yellowing and wilting caused by Fusarium wilt rating t/unit of area/y Lobe colour at tip of the tepal Lobe colour of tip of compound tepal Main colour of the tip of the compound tepal (lobe) Leaf area - measurement Top view image of loose leaves Gauhls modification of Stovers severity scoring system (YYYY) Visual estimation of dwarfism, for Early Evaluation Trial stage only. Dwarfism - estimation multiplication factor Count how many functional leaves (leaves that have 50% or more of their surface as green, healthy, photosynthetic tissue) are on the plant. Number of functional leaves - counting Number The number of functional roots in a standard-size excavation of 20 x 20 x 20 cm extending outwards from the corm of the plant. Number of functional roots Combined density of plants that are dead Death density deathdens The number of plants that are dead, in a defined area. numplanted Combined number of plants planted Number of plants planted The number of plants that are planted. Preference number scale Place the sample in the mouth, chew it at the rate of one chewing per second and assess the number of chews before swallowing. Chewiness Sensory Texture method Blotches colour at the petiole base Colour of the blotches on the upper leaf sheath of the petiole base. Main colour bud shape scale (1 to 5) Average head capsule width The average width of a banana weevil adult head. Banana weevil adult average head capsule width Nosal smell assessment of smashed and unsmashed fruit pulp aromas Nosal smell - estimation Calculate as: the time elapsed between the Date of shooting to the Date of harvest. E.g. 24/12/2014 - 24/09/2014 = 91 days. Time from shooting to harvest - computation Male bud shoulder Male bud shoulder description Ratio hand The number of water suckers (suckers with broad leaves, a small rhizome, and a weak connection to the plant) in the mat. Number of water suckers Number of water suckers numwatersuckers Focus group discussion for third ranked traits with male respondents Focus group discussion with male respondents, to discuss selection traits of genotype that was ranked third highest in preference ranking exercise Number of all roots - computation Calculate as: the Number of dead roots plus the Number of functional roots, e.g. 8 + 12 = 20 roots. Rank of oldest standing leaf The rank (order) of the oldest (most-distal) standing leaf (with an erect petiole). Rank of oldest standing leaf Combined percentage with external symptoms of Fusarium wilt The percentage of plants with any or multiple of the external disease symptoms - yellowing leaves, splitting of pseudostem base, changes in new leaves, petiole collapse, caused by Fusarium wilt. Percentage of plants with external disease symptoms caused by Fusarium wilt The overall estimation of fruit parthenocarpy level on a bunch Parthenocarpy goodfruitfill Parthenocarpy Tallest sucker height - measurement On the tallest sucker, measure the distance from the pseudostem base at the ground to the intersection of the petioles of the two youngest leaves (leaf ranks 1 and 2), using a measuring pole or sliding ruler. Damage to upper inner corm weevils - measurement Cut a transverse cross section of the corm at the collar (upper cross-section). Score weevil damage (galleries) as percentage damage on the side of the cross-section that was facing the ground, downwards. sucker mL Calculate as: the Bunch weight divided by 1,000, multiplied by the Annual crop cycle proportion, multiplied by the Harvest density, e.g. (50 / 1,000) * 1.09 * 1,250 = 68.13. Actual annual yield - computation pestdiseasesampleoptions Pest/disease assessment/sample collection options The options to record the pest and/or disease assessment and/or sample collection done at the time of data collection. Pest and/or disease assessment and/or sample collection options Off-type description - estimation Record a description of what made the plant recogniseable as an off-type. Chewiness Visually observe the bract imbrication of the apex of the male bud and choose the option that is most similar, from the 3 photos of descriptor 6.5.3 in the reference material. Bract imbrication at apex of male bud - estimation Number of fingers in bunch - estimation Calculate as: the sum of the Number of fingers in 3rd hand and the Number of fingers in 2nd-most distal hand, divided by 2, and multiplied by the Number of hands in bunch, e.g. (16 + 12) / 2 * 8 = 112. avefingercircumf The average circumference of the fingers. Average finger circumference Average circumference The number of leaves on a plant with a black leaf streak disease severity grade of 0. Number of leaves with a black leaf streak disease severity grade of 0 Number of leaves with black leaf streak disease severity grade 0 2 pt scale Distance of discolouration Distance of internal discolouration in pseudostem of plant caused by Fusarium wilt The distance of discolouration in the pseudostem of the plant, caused by Fusarium wilt. Matooke aroma matooke MatAroMatA Matooke Matooke-like aroma Aroma of the local matooke. Date of planting - estimation Record the date of event. open answer wing presence/absence Visually observe the colour of the internal face of the first unlifted bract. Use colour chart A and observe out of direct sunlight. Colour of bract internal face - estimation Time from planting to death The time elapsed from planting to the death of the plant. Time from planting to death plant2death Bunch weight - measurement Harvest the bunch by cutting the peduncle 10 cm above the first ridge above the most proximal, hand and immediately below the most distal hand and weigh the bunch (including the rachis), using scales. The height of the pseudostem of the plant, from the collar to the intersection of the petioles of the two youngest leaves. plantheightpetioles Plant height Height Date of weevil damage assessment Date of weevil damage to corm assessment The date the assessment of weevil damage to the corm of the plant is conducted. method_of Percentage of plants with changes in new leaves, caused by Fusarium wilt. Percentage of plants with changes in new leaves caused by Fusarium wilt Combined percentage with changes in new leaves Male rachis type - estimation Visually observe the part of the rachis between the last hand and the male bud. Truncated means there is no bract scar below the last hand. Present means there is a degenerated or persistent male bud Open question The extent to which vascular discolouration extends up the pseudostem of the tallest sucker should be determined by making cross-section cuts, from the base of the pseudostem upwards, and examining the internal tissues following each cut. The point at which discolouration is no longer visible should be noted and the distance from this point to the pseudostem base recorded. Extent of internal discolouration in corm of tallest sucker caused by Fusarium wilt - estimation Grassy-like Aroma method Put a part of the product and by retro-olfaction evaluate the presence and the intensity of grassy-like aroma avepeelthickness The average thickness of the peel of a finger. Average thickness of the peel Average finger peel thickness Meredith and Lawrence (1969) - complete The longest diagonal of a fitted ellips Leaf length - measurement Presence or absence of colour line along edge of petiole margin Colour line along edge of petiole margin Presence The smoothness-mouth feel of the unsmashed pulp of a mature fruit Fruit unsmashed pulp smoothness-mouth feel Smoothness-mouth feel Try to make a ball (agglomerate) of the sample and evaluate how easy it is to deform or break the sample Moldability in hand method margin behaviour scale (1 to 4) bunch maturity kg/plant/y plants harvested/plants planted plants dead/plants planted Meredith and Lawrence (1969) - condensed Presence of splitting pseudostem base caused by Fusarium wilt - estimation Visual assessment. Focus group discussion for third lowest ranked traits with female respondents Focus group discussion with female respondents, to discuss selection traits of genotype that was ranked third lowest in preference ranking exercise Lobe colour of tip of compound tepal - estimation The following flower descriptors refer to the flowers at the axil of the first external unlifted bract. Fresh material must be used (make the observation as soon as you detach the bract/flower from the rachis). Visually observe the colour of the lobe at the tip of the tepal. Use colour chart B and observe out of direct sunlight. Date of shooting - estimation Record the date of event. The nematode species found in the banana plant root sample. Species present Nematode species Leaf area ratio - computation Computation of top leaf area with total (loose) leaf area blotch color scale (1 to 5) Visually observe the shape of the mature bunch on a fully developed plant that is not experiencing environmental stress and choose the option that is most similar, from the 4 photos of descriptor 6.4.7. in the reference material. Bunch shape - estimation Presence of petiole collapse caused by Fusarium wilt - estimation Visual assessment. Petiole margin colour - estimation Observations on the margins and petiole wings should be made where the petiole and pseudostem meet at shooting. Use colour chart A and observe out of direct sunlight. Record the colour of the margin (general colour is below the rim). [x Observe at flowering time.] hardness scale 0-10 The number of dead roots in a standard-size excavation of 20 x 20 x 20 cm extending outwards from the corm of the plant. Number of dead roots Number The number of leaves with at least 10 discrete, mature, necrotic lesions or one large necrotic area with 10 light-coloured dry centres, caused by black leaf streak disease. Number of spotted leaves Number of spotted leaves The thickness of the peel of a finger. Finger peel thickness peelthickness Thickness of the peel