CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise InterNodCWRDM_CWRGravM_pct GCov_E_1to5 Eva Weltzien ICRISAT Bamako GRNCOV_1_5 LfMRCol_E_1to5 ICRISAT LMC_1_5 Jayashree B JF Rami GHvYld_M_gPlot CIRAD CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise TllrDW_DWPool1Plt_g Jayashree B InsDmg_E_1to9 INSD_1_9 ICRISAT Pot David, PotierFrançoise, Bastianelli Denis, Bonnal Laurent CIRAD InterNodMMDM_MMNIRS_pct GCol_CompRank_Rk3 ClimMob Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure PcleSampleFW_FWM_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD PcleHvNo_Ct_pclePlot ICRISAT/IER NHP_pcle Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme TllrSampleDW_DWM_g CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise LFWT_g LfDMYld_C_gPlot CIRAD/ICRISAT JF Rami/Jayashree B medium to very small 4 JF Rami InterNodNo_Ct_internod INTNN_internodes CIRAD PcleNo_Ct_pclePlot NBPN_pcle ICRISAT Jayashree B JF Rami GStdYld_C_kgplot CIRAD InterNodIVCWRD_IVNDFDNIRS_pct CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise, Bastianelli Denis, Bonnal Laurent Bad 1 InterNodSSDM_LuffShSSDMNIRS_pct Pot David, PotierFrançoise, Bastianelli Denis, Bonnal Laurent CIRAD CIRAD GLUAWN_0_2 JF Rami GlmAwn_E_0to2 Helminth_E_0to1 JF Rami CIRAD HELMINTH_0_1 ICRISAT/IER Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme SVIG_1_5 SdlgVig_E_1to5 JF Rami CIRAD GHvYld_C_kgha InterNodSampleDW_DWM_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD ClimMob Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure PlSur_CompRank_Rk3 StmJW_M_g Eva Weltzien JW_g ICRISAT Bamako SC_pct Eva Weltzien ICRISAT Bamako StmJSC_pct 2 R JF Rami WAGBHvYld_C_kgha CIRAD 6 light brown Pot David, Potier Françoise InterNodADFDM_VSADFDMNIRS_pct CIRAD MnShoStmStructDen_StmStructDen_gcm3 Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD yellow 4 FLfL_C_day FLT_dto_day JF Rami CIRAD ICRISAT LCLR_1_2 LfCol_E_1to2 Jayashree B white 1 StGr_CompRank_Rk3 ClimMob Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoLfWC_WCSamp_pct CIRAD InterNodZ2VBDen_VBDen_vbmm2 Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD 5 purple RustInc_C_pct RUST_pct Jayashree B ICRISAT Jayashree B SSZE_1_5 GSz_E_1to5 ICRISAT PtTol__CompRank_Rk3 ClimMob Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure CIRAD, INRAE MnShoStmBMPDM_BMPDMNIRS_NmLCH4g Latrille Eric, Rossard Virginie, Carrère Hélène, Pot David, PotierFrançoise NSH_Ct_hill ICRISAT/IER NSH_plants Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme EndoCol_E_1to2 ICRISAT/IER ENDCOL_1_2 Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme Some problems 2 4 Good Eva Weltzien MS_E_1to3 ICRISAT Bamako MS_1_3 CIRAD GStdYld_C_kgha JF Rami CIRAD InterNodSSDM_SSDMGut_mgg Pot David, PotierFrançoise Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD TllrDW_DWPool_g MidgeInc_E_1to5 MSCORE_1_5 ICRISAT/IER Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme StoHvYld_C_kgha CIRAD JF Rami CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise InterNodZ2BlueArea_Z2BAM_mm2 StoMoi_M_pct CIRAD JF Rami MnShoStmDW_DW_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD StmMnShoADFDM_VSADFDMNIRS_pct Pot David, Potier Françoise CIRAD FAnthrSev_E_1to9 FANTH_1_9 ICRISAT/IER Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme Hd_date_ymd HD_date_ymd IAVAO_group PcleDM_DMSamp_pct 3 Acceptable CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise, Bastianelli Denis, Bonnal Laurent InterNodRoughSSDM_RoughSSNIRS_pct very small 5 Maldandi 3 InterNodZ2BlueArea_Z2BA_pct CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise SDMInc_C_pct Jayashree B SDMF_pct ICRISAT JF Rami/Jayashree B StmHvYld_M_gPlot ICRISAT/CIRAD Striga plants number is between 6-20, and number of branches per striga plant is ? 1 3 PcleOTNo_Ct_pclePlot Eva Weltzien ICRISAT Bamako NOTP_pcle CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise InterNodDW_DWPool1Plt_g Jayashree B PBTNo_Ct_tllr ICRISAT ICRISAT SSFLY_pct Jayashree B SSFlyInc_C_pct InterNodLng_M_cm ICRISAT/IER Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme SIL_cm CIRAD GAmy_DSC_pct AMY_pct__DSC JF Rami SDCLR_1_9 ICRISAT GCol_E_1to9 Jayashree B 3 MR Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD NodLng_LngM_cm JF Rami Kp_C_index CIRAD Kp_index StrigaMeanVig_E_0to9 MVSP_0_9 Eva Weltzien ICRISAT Bamako CIRAD FLT_date_jd JF Rami FLfL_date_jd 3 pearly white Eva Weltzien StrigaInc_E_1to5 STRSE_1_5 ICRISAT Bamako MnShoPcleDW_DWM_g CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD MnShoStmDW_DWPool_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise 3 Acceptable ANTHO_0_2 JF Rami CIRAD Antho_E_0to2 GRNCOL_1_6 GCol_E_1to6 ICRISAT/IER Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme GShpProf_E_1to3 GRSHPPROF_1_3 No adherent glumes 5 WAGBMoi_C_pct JF Rami CIRAD Highest rank 1 CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise, Bastianelli Denis, Bonnal Laurent InterNodHemiCWR_VSHemiNDFNIRS_pct PCPT_1_9 ICRISAT PcleCptSh_E_1to9 Jayashree B Pot David, PotierFrançoise TllrSampleFW_FWM_g CIRAD 4 Late for the Zone CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoLfDW_DWPool1Plt_g TllrFW_FWM_g CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise Jayashree B SSCT_0_1 ICRISAT GSCoat_E_0to1 InterNodFW_FWPool1Plt_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD 0 No symptoms PAN_PPS-CERES CIRAD/IER Michel Vaksmann P2R_C_ddhp PcleMoi_C_pct JF Rami CIRAD JF Rami WAGBMoi_M_pct CIRAD StrigaNo_Ct_plntPlot NSTRIGA_plants ICRISAT Bamako Eva Weltzien Clarisse Barot INERA GLUMOP_0_2 GlmOp_E_0to2 JF Rami StmDMYld_C_gPlot CIRAD Very interesting Variety, Want to Test 3 ClimMob Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure GrSzUs_CompRank_Rk5 JF Rami CIRAD GLip_NIRS_pct LIP_pct__NIRS Striga plants number is > 40, and number of branches per striga plant is >10 9 no rotation 0 InterNodLigCWR_VSADLNDFNIRS_pct CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise, Bastianelli Denis, Bonnal Laurent StmMnShoLigCWR_VSADLNDFNIRS_pct Pot David, Potier Françoise CIRAD PCleWWoG_M_gpcle ICRISAT PWTMG_g Jayashree B Pot David, PotierFrançoise InterNodZ2Area_Z2AM_mm2 CIRAD CIRAD PcleDMYld_C_kgha JF Rami CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoPcleDW_DWPool_g MnShoStmDW_DWM_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoLfNo_Ct_LfMnSho CIRAD PROT_pct__NIRS GProt_NIRS_pct JF Rami Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme W100G_g GW_100grnM_g ICRISAT/IER FANTH_1_5 Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme FAnthrRes_E_1to5 ICRISAT/IER Striga plants number is between 21-30, and number of branches per striga plant is ? 5 4 Yellow 1 0 No Striga PANL_cm JF Rami PcleLng_M_cm CIRAD ClimMob Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure Germrt_CompRank_Rk3 Clarisse Barot LodgInc_E_1to5 INERA LODG_1_5 MnShoLfFW_FWPool1Plt_g CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise PcleFW_FWPool1Plt_g Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure OvPrf_CompRank_Rk3 ClimMob Eva Weltzien ICRISAT Bamako GD_1_5 GD_E_1to5 GHrd_M_pct CIRAD GHD_pct JF Rami Mkt__CompRank_Rk3 ClimMob Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure InterNodDM_DM_pct CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD MnShoStmFW_FWPool1Plt_g 41-50% of grains surface molded, (Susceptible, S) 7 WAGBDMYld_C_tha BM_t_ha NBGPAN_grn_pcle JF Rami GNoPcle_C_grnpcle CIRAD CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise TllrDM_DM_g DisTol_CompRank_Rk3 ClimMob Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure 8 Semi-compact elliptic InterNodCWRDM_VSNDFNIRS_pct Pot David, Potier Françoise CIRAD InterNodZ1RedArea_Z1RAM_mm2 CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise GNo_C_grnm2 GRNO_grn_m2 Jayashree B ICRISAT Flo_date_ymd FLW_date_ymd PcleFW_FWPoolM_g CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise StmMnShoRoughSSDM_RoughSSNIRS_pct Pot David, Potier Françoise CIRAD JF Rami/D Pot Hvst_date_jd CIRAD CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoLfDM_DM_pct 8 Striga plants number is > 40, and number of branches per striga plant is ? 10 Pot David, PotierFrançoise, Bastianelli Denis, Bonnal Laurent InterNodCellCWR_VSCellNDFNIRS_pct CIRAD StmMnShoMMDM_MMNIRS_pct CIRAD Pot David, Potier Françoise ICRISAT Bamako FP_1_3 Eva Weltzien FP_E_1to3 CIRAD LfHvYld_M_gPlot JF Rami Hd_C_day JF Rami/D Pot CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoLfSampleDW_DWM_g CIRAD CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoStmWC_WCSamp_pct StmHvYld_C_kgha CIRAD SYLD_kg_ha JF Rami JF Rami StmMoi_M_pct CIRAD CIRAD TllrFW_FWPool1Plt_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise LfMoi_C_pct JF Rami CIRAD Flo_C_day FLW_dto_day ICRISAT Jayashree B TTPI_C_dc Michel Vaksmann PAN_inititation-thermal-time_PAN26_dd CIRAD/IER CIRAD PcleDW_DWPool1Plt_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise 4 Good CIRAD MnShoLfFW_FWM_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise 8 51-75 % leaf area covered with large coalescing necrotic lesions, HS PcleEx_M_cm PEXC_cm Jayashree B ICRISAT Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure ClimMob PcleLng_CompRank_Rk3 Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD LfDW_DW_g 5 Buff InterNodCellDM_VSCellDMNIRS_pct Pot David, Potier Françoise CIRAD Thin pericarp 1 NodFW_FWM_g CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise 4 31 - 40% damage InterNodDiaMax_InterNodDiaMaxM_mm CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoStmDen_StmDen_gcm3 CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise OvPrfvLoc_CompRank_Rk3 ClimMob Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure NA 4 JF Rami GDen_M_kghl CIRAD GDENS_g Eva Weltzien AGAPP_1_5 ICRISAT Bamako AgApp_E_1to5 CIRAD MnShoLfFW_FWPoolM_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise 11-20% of grains surface molded (Moderately Resistant, MR) 4 7 dark brown 3 6-10% leaf area covered with hypersensitive small lesions, R 1 Very difficult, less than 50% of grains threshed Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD NodDM_DM_pct CIRAD MnShoStmHHVDM_HHVDMNIRS_MJkg Pot David, PotierFrançoise, Bastianelli Denis, Bonnal Laurent Hvst_date_ymd JF Rami/D Pot CIRAD GlmCol_E_1to4 JF Rami GLUMCOL_1_4 CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD MnShoWABDM_DMSumOrg_pct ICRISAT NDG_pct StoND_NIRS_pct Jayashree B CIRAD StoMoi_C_pct JF Rami InterNodDia_InterNodDiaM_mm CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise ICRISAT/IER Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme GAnthrSev_E_1to5 GANTH_1_5 PAN_critical-photoperiod_PAN27_h CIRAD/IER P2O_C_hours Michel Vaksmann ICRISAT SBorerInc_C_pct Jayashree B SB_pct JF Rami LfDMC_M_pct CIRAD 2 Need to Test Again TOCOL_1_5 CIRAD JF Rami ToCol_E_1to5 Pot David, Potier Françoise CIRAD StmMnShoIVDMD_AufrereIVDMDNIRS_pct CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoStmDM_DM_pct NdlTNo_E_tllr Jayashree B NDLT_1_5 ICRISAT MnShoPcleWC_WCSamp_pct CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD MnShoLfDW_DWM_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise StoDMC_M_pct CIRAD JF Rami CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise InterNodDW_DW_g 2 Good color 2 Aristed CIRAD NBGRLV_leaves JF Rami GLNo_Ct_lfplnt CIRAD WAGBDMC_M_pct JF Rami Jayashree B HI_C_pct HI_pct ICRISAT 4 Bad color CIRAD MnShoPcleDM_DM_pct Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise TllrDM_DMSamp_pct MAXVSP_0_9 ICRISAT Bamako StrigaMaxVig_E_0to9 Eva Weltzien Striga plants number is between 6-20, and no branches 2 Bad 1 TllrDW_DW_g CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise DS_date_ymd Sow_date_ymd ICRISAT Bamako Eva Weltzien MA_1_5 MatApp_E_1to5 Pot David, Potier Françoise StmMnShoCPDM_KjdlCPNIRS_pct CIRAD 1 Very low vigor ClimMob Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure GermTim_CompRank_Rk3 7 Good, 90 to 94% of grain threshed CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoStmFW_FWPoolM_g Latrille Eric, Rossard Virginie, Carrère Hélène, Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoStmBMPVS_BMPVSNIRS_NmLCH4g CIRAD, INRAE 21-30% area covered with small necrotic coalescing lesions, MR 5 Eva Weltzien HD_jd Hd_date_jd ICRISAT Bamako LVC_1_2 Jayashree B ICRISAT LfVCol_E_1to2 FLGWT_g Jayashree B FlgLfW_DW_gPlot ICRISAT Anthocyanin 2 CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise PcleDW_DWPool_g ClimMob GSz_CompRank_Rk3 Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise InterNodFW_FWPoolM_g 2 Thick GMoldSev_E_1to5 Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme PGMR_1_5 ICRISAT Bamako ClimMob Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure GHrd_CompRank_Rk3 CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoLfDM_DMSamp_pct ICRISAT Bamako GV_1_5 PVig_E_1to5 Eva Weltzien CIRAD InterNodFructDM_FructDMM_mgg Pot David, PotierFrançoise JF Rami CIRAD PcleHvYld_C_kgha CIRAD LfMoi_M_pct JF Rami 2 elliptic 5 glumes longer than grain Pot David, Potier Françoise StmMnShoIVCWRD_IVNDFNIRS_pct CIRAD white 2 2 Poor Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD MnShoPcleBaseHt_LngM_cm 25% Grain Surface Covered 2 entity 26-40% of grains on the panicles damaged 4 CIRAD JF Rami PEDL_cm PedLng_M_cm CIRAD BasalTllrFW_FWM_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise PhytomLng_LngM_cm Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD MnShoPcleSampleFW_FWM_g CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise ICRISAT/IER Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme NEP_pcle EPcleNo_Ct_pclePlot InterNodZ2DW_DWM_g CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise 25% Vitreous, 75% Floury 4 Colcol_1_2 Coleopcol_E_1to2 Clarisse Barot INERA InterNodIVDMD_AufrereIVDMDNIRS_pct Pot David, PotierFrançoise, Bastianelli Denis, Bonnal Laurent CIRAD CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise InterNodZ1Area_Z1AM_mm2 Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoStmDW_DWPool1Plt_g CIRAD Good 4 Excellent 99 to 100% of grain threshed 9 5 Very Good 6 51 - 60% damage JF Rami GMoi_C_pct CIRAD InterNodZ1DW_DWM_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD ETNo_Ct_tllrplnt ETN_tillers PDEN_1_5 Eva Weltzien PcleDen_E_1to5 ICRISAT Bamako PcleDMYld_C_gPlot CIRAD JF Rami JF Rami LIP_pct__SOX GLip_Sox_pct CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD MnShoPcleFW_FWPool1Plt_g GW_1000grnM_g W1000G_g 2 NA PcleFW_FWM_g CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD JF Rami/D Pot StmLng_M_cm 1 Grain surface completely covered 1 No damaged plants GDWT_g DecGW_M_g CIRAD MnShoLfDW_DW_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise Jayashree B LOST_pct ICRISAT LfStmWRatio_C_pct 3 medium 2 Very loose erect primary branches GDMYld_C_kgha CIRAD JF Rami PcleWid_M_cm Jayashree B PWDTH_cm ICRISAT Flo_date_jd ICRISAT/IER FLW_date_jd Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme Jayashree B PcleHI_C_pct PHI_pct ICRISAT White 1 CIRAD InterNodLigDM_AcBrL_mgg Pot David, PotierFrançoise 9 light red GCov_E_0to9 3 11-25% of grains on the panicles damaged Excellent vigor 5 Slightly exserted (<2 cm but ligule of flag leaf definitively below inflorescence base) 1 Semi-loose erect primary branches 6 CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoLastLiguLfHt_LngM_cm Other 6 NA 2 PcleSampleDW_DWM_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD StmMnShoIVOMD_AufrereIVOMDNIRS_pct CIRAD Pot David, Potier Françoise 2 rotation StmK_M_pct ICRISAT Jayashree B STK_pct circular 3 closed 0 NHH_hills NHH_Ct_hill ICRISAT/IER Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme Black 3 GRSHP_score GShpDors_E_1to3 CIRAD LfHvYld_C_kgha JF Rami 5 Very Late for the Zone PERTH_0_2 JF Rami CIRAD PerThk_E_0to2 2 Low lodging InterNodSucrDM_SucrDMM_mgg Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD ICRISAT/IER PANTHRS_1_9 Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme PcleThrs_E_1to9 Very sticky 5 Pot David, PotierFrançoise, Bastianelli Denis, Bonnal Laurent InterNodCFDM_CFDMNIRS_pct CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD InterNodZ2RedArea_Z2RA_pct GDYD_pct IER Mali GDecYld_C_pct Niaba Teme 5 Very dense panicle 9 > 90% damage 1 HR 1-10% of grains on the panicles damaged 2 Niaba Teme IER Mali Mat_date_jd DMAT_jd No damaged Panicle 1 Presence of disease symptoms 1 dark green 2 Brown 4 5 red 2 chalky white > 50% of grains damaged on a panicle (Highly Susceptible, HS) 5 1 Very thick Full lodging 5 5 Very good CIRAD StmMnShoCellDM_VSCellDMNIRS_pct Pot David, Potier Françoise A lot of adherent glumes 1 NSelPcle_Ct_pcle Eva Weltzien ICRISAT Bamako NSP_pcle Pot David, PotierFrançoise InterNodZ2VB_Ct_vb CIRAD light green 1 3 Acceptable color CIRAD/IER TTFL_C_dcd FLAG-appearance_FLA5_dd Michel Vaksmann InterNodZ1RedArea_Z1RA_pct CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise TllrFW_FWPoolM_g CIRAD StmMnShoCWRDM_VSNDFNIRS_pct Pot David, Potier Françoise CIRAD Pot David, Potier Françoise InterNodHemiDM_VSHemiDMNIRS_pct 4 High lodging 7 41-50% leaf area covered with large coalescing necrotic lesions, S Not aristed 0 0% of molded grains surface on panicle (Highly Resistant, HR) 1 mix 1 1 Variety to reject 100% Floury 5 Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD LfFW_FWM_g acronym 50% Grain Surface Covered 3 Clarisse Barot INERA GlmAd_E_1to5 GLUMAD_score Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD InterNodGlucDM_GlucDMM_mgg CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise InterNodDW_DWPool_g CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise InterNodDW_DWM_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise InterNodDiaMin_InterNodDiaMinM_mm CIRAD 0.75 grain covered 3 TOCONS_1_5 ToCons_E_1to5 CIRAD JF Rami Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD MnShoLfSampleFW_FWM_g CIRAD SootStr_E_0to1 JF Rami SOOTSTR_0_1 CIRAD StmMoi_C_pct JF Rami InterNodZ1Area_Z1A_pct Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD LfDMYld_C_kgha JF Rami CIRAD 26-50% of molded grains surface on panicle (Sensitive, S) 4 JF Rami GProt_Kjdl_pct CIRAD PROT_pct__KJE Loose erect primary branches 4 Pot David, Potier Françoise StmMnShoCellCWR_VSCellNDFNIRS_pct CIRAD CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise InterNodZ2Area_Z2A_pct CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoStmSampleDW_DWM_g Thick pericarp 0 GMoldSev_E_1to9 ICRISAT Bamako Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme PGMR_1_9 GMoi_M_pct JF Rami CIRAD CIRAD StmDMC_M_pct JF Rami Very lax panicle (typical of wild sorghums) 1 CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise InterNodLng_LngM_cm Intermediate panicle 3 2 elliptic StmMnShoLigDM_VSADLDMNIRS_pct CIRAD Pot David, Potier Françoise CIRAD StoHvYld_M_gPlot JF Rami ClimMob Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure Mat_CompRank_Rk3 CIRAD/ICRISAT JF Rami/Jayashree B WAGBDMYld_C_gPlot PAN-basic-vegetative-phase_PAN28_dd CIRAD/IER Michel Vaksmann BVP_M_dcd JF Rami GAmy_NIRS_pct AMY_pct__NIRS CIRAD S 4 CIRAD MnShoLfDW_DWPool_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD MnShoPcleFW_FWPoolM_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure StoPrbTol_CompRank_Rk3 ClimMob 3 11- 25% of grains damaged on a panicle ( Moderately Resistant, MR) CIRAD InterNodZ1FW_FWM_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise 0 to < 1 % leaf area with mild yellow flecks, HR 1 3 Acceptable vigor white 1 Some adherent glumes 3 CIRAD WAGBDMYld_C_kgha JF Rami 4 11-20% leaf area covered with small necrotic lesions, MR CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise TllrDW_DWPoolSumOrg_g Presence of disease symptoms 1 61 - 75% damage 7 Pot David, PotierFrançoise, Bastianelli Denis, Bonnal Laurent MnShoStmSSDM_LuffShSSDMNIRS_pct CIRAD 5 Striga plants number is between 21-30, and number of branches per striga plant is > 5 ICRISAT Bamako PD_1_5 Eva Weltzien PcleDsirblty_E_1to5 ICRISAT Bamako GYld_E_1to5 Eva Weltzien YLDSCORE_1_5 MnShoGrLfNo_Ct_GrLfMnSho CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise 4 26-50% of grains damaged on a panicle, (Susceptible, S) GWPcle_C_gpcle IER Mali Niaba Teme GWPP_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise InterNodArea_InterNodAM_mm2 CIRAD 2 1-5% leaf area covered with hypersensitive small lesions, R 4 Mix CIRAD WAGBHvYld_M_gPlot JF Rami CIRAD InterNodFW_FWM_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise PNP_plants PNo_Ct_plntPlot More 40% of grains on the panicles damaged 5 CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoPcleDW_DWPool1Plt_g 2 0.50 grain covered ICRISAT/IER Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme PH_cm PH_M_cm CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoPcleDM_DMSamp_pct intermediate 80 to 84% of grain threshed 5 1 Very poor CIRAD MnShoStmRoughSSDM_RoughSSNIRSDW_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise 4 Good 1 0.25 grain covered InterNodZ2RedArea_Z2RAM_mm2 CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise StmMnShoCFDM_CFDMNIRS_pct Pot David, Potier Françoise CIRAD 1-5% of grains surface molded, (Resistant, R) 2 3 Acceptable CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise Emer_date_ymd MnShoStmVol_StmVol_cm3 CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise 1 <10% damage 1-10% of grains damaged on a panicle (Resistant, R) 2 PcleDW_DW_g CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise 1 Very low †Exserted (2-10 cm between ligule and inflorescence base) 2 ICRISAT Bamako JQ_ml StmJQ_M_ml Eva Weltzien cream 8 Sticky 4 4 brown MnShoStmDM_DMSamp_pct Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD very bold 1 MnShoStmSampleFW_FWM_g CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoPcleFW_FWM_g CIRAD CIRAD PcleMoi_M_pct JF Rami Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD MnShoPcleSampleDW_DWM_g Lowest rank 3 circular 3 2 dull green GDMYld_C_gPlot CIRAD JF Rami Clarisse Barot GRotation_E_0to2 INERA GRROT_0_2 2 Texas Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoStmFW_FWM_g CIRAD CIRAD PcleEx_E_1to4 JF Rami 3 21 - 30% damage ICRISAT GLstr_E_0to1 Jayashree B Striga plants number is between 31-40, and number of branches per striga plant is > 10 7 1 green CIRAD NodDW_DWM_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme NSPLT_plants SdlgNo_Ct_plntPlot ICRISAT/IER 3 Very loose drooping primary branches Mat_date_ymd DMAT_date_ymd ICRISAT Jayashree B RestLfW_C_g LFWT1_g CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise InterNodSampleFW_FWM_g 3 Lowest rank 3 11- 25% of molded grains surface on panicle (Moderately Resistant, MR) < 1 % of grains surface molded (Highly Resistant, HR) 1 Mixed 1 CIRAD/ICRISAT Bamako StoDMYld_C_gPlot JF Rami/Eva Weltzien Half broom corn 11 JF Rami PcleDMC_M_pct CIRAD 2 Low 1 Highest rank 2 Yellow ICRISAT/IER/CIRAD Eva Weltzien/Niaba Teme/JF Rami PcleHvYld_M_gPlot CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise MnShoLiguLfNo_Ct_LiguLfMnSho CIRAD GRNRD_num GRnd_M_num JF Rami narrow elliptic 1 Pot David, Potier Françoise InterNodLigDM_VSADLDMNIRS_pct CIRAD 5 Grain Surface completely not Covered 2 Middle rank Very loose panicle 1 Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure ClimMob Thr_CompRank_Rk3 ICRISAT Hvst_dto_day Jayashree B DTHV_day 1-10% damaged plants 2 StoOMD_NIRS_pct ICRISAT Jayashree B ODG_pct 3 Acceptable Yellow 2 Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD InterNodDM_DMSamp_pct 8 NA 75% Grain Surface Covered 4 Some Problems 2 3 Good for the Zone 3 Difficult, 60 to 69% of grain threshed Very Good 5 Middle rank 2 76-100% leaf area covered with large coalescing necrotic lesions, HS 9 ClimMob Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure Tst_CompRank_Rk3 mix 1 0 No symptoms 2 red ICRISAT SOD_pct StmNa_M_pct Jayashree B 31-40% area covered with large coalescing necrotic lesions, S 6 GDMC_M_pct CIRAD JF Rami FLfL_date_ymd FLT_date_ymd 3 6-10% of grains surface molded, (Resistant, R) CIRAD JF Rami EndoT_E_1to5 ET_1_5 Very good color 1 ICRISAT StoEng_M_MJkg ENG_MJ_kg Jayashree B 11 - 20% damage 2 CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise TllrDW_DWPool1PltSumOrg_g 1 White MnShoPcleDW_DW_g Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD Mix of aristed and not aristed plants 1 Mix 2 CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise, Bastianelli Denis, Bonnal Laurent InterNodIVOMD_AufrereIVOMDNIRS_pct Low Vigor 2 3 Soft 8 51-75 % of grains surface molded, (Highly Susceptible, HS) AbSt_CompRank_Rk3 ClimMob Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure VGR_C_gm2day VGR_g_m2_day DTMAT_day Mat_C_day CIRAD JF Rami StoDMYld_C_kgha 6 NA TllrDW_DWM_g CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise 4 NA 11-25% damaged plants 3 9 Compact elliptic Sorghum ontology sorghum ontology 0 Tan Very bad color 5 Stobly_CompRank_Rk3 ClimMob Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure Loose drooping primary branches 5 3 Medium lodging 3 †Well-exserted (>10 cm between ligule and inflorescence base) InterNodZ2FW_FWM_g CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise CIRAD StmMnShoHemiCWR_VSHemiNDFNIRS_pct Pot David, Potier Françoise 2 Early for the zone Very Early for the zone 1 41 - 50% damage 5 0 % of grains damaged on a panicle, (Highly Resistant, HR) 1 4 Peduncle recurved (inflorescence below ligule and clearly exposed splitting the 1 present 0 grain uncovered very bold to medium 2 CIRAD StmMnShoHemiDM_VSHemiDMNIRS_pct Pot David, Potier Françoise 2 Loose panicle 3 yellow 5 HS InterNodCPDM_KjdlCPNIRS_pct CIRAD Pot David, PotierFrançoise, Bastianelli Denis, Bonnal Laurent 1 100% Vitreous 31-40% of grains surface molded, (Susceptible, S) 6 50% Vitreous, 50% Floury 3 absent 0 2 Red grain fully covered 4 > 50% of molded grains surface on panicle (Highly Sensitive, HS) 5 5 Very Good 1-10% of molded grains surface on panicle (Resistant, R) 2 CIRAD StmDMYld_C_kgha JF Rami 26-40% damaged plants 4 1 Milo attribute 1 green 2 75% Vitreous, 25% Floury 8 75 - 90% damage 3 Red 76-100% of grains surface molded, (Highly Susceptible, HS) 9 Semi-loose drooping primary branches 7 Nofou Ouedraogo, Clarisse Barro, Mary Yeye, Rekiya Abdulmalik, Daniel Aba, Edward Mwenda, Aru John Charles, Aboubacar Toure ClimMob GYldQual_CompRank_Rk4 1 Striga plants number ? 5, and no branches 4 Dense panicle 4 Good vigor No lodging 1 5 21-30% of grains surface molded, (Moderately Susceptible, MS) 2 open 5 More than 40% of plants damaged narrow elliptic 1 Striga plants number is between 31-40, and number of branches per striga plant is ? 10 6 g/plot Whole above ground biomass dry matter basis yield (g/plot) - Computation Calculate using the formula. Weigh the fresh organs of a pool of n plants. The organ may be for instance leaf (Lf), panicle (Pcle), main shoot stem (MnShoStm), internode (InterNod). The number of plants (n) must be provided. Recommended range for n is 3 to 6. Fresh weight of an organ for a pool of n plants - Measurement Record disease severity at maturity on a sample of 5 panicles or more. Grain anthracnose severity - Estimation Red-colored area in the inner zone (Z2) of the internode cross section internode Red-colored area in the internode inner zone (Z2) Red-colored area in the internode inner zone (Z2), obtained after fasga staining of the internode. Outer and inner zones are delimited visually based on their anatomical differences. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. InterNodZ2RedArea g Thermal time to panicle inititation - Computation Calculate Thermal time to panicle inititation according to the Thermal Time from emergence to flag leaf ligulation (TTFL) using the linear formula proposed by Folliard et al. (2004) Compute number of days required from sowing (or emergence) to harvest. Days to harvest - Computation Internode In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility Internode Internode In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility InterNodIVDMD In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility leaf/main shoot kg/plot Leaves Leaves fresh weight of the main shoot and of the tillers LfFW Leaves fresh weight Fresh weight Biomethane potential determination in the dry matter using NIRS calibration - Prediction Biomethane potential obtained from the protocol proposed by Angelidaki et al., 2009 (https://iwaponline.com/wst/article/59/5/927/15563/Defining-the-biomethane-potential-BMP-of-solid) using a Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration and calculated in reference to the dry matter. As the calibration available provides BMP estimates in NmLCH4g-1 of Volatile Solids (VS), these estimates are converted in NmLCH4g-1 of Dry Matter (DM) expressed in normal conditions (0°C, 1.013 bar) and per gram of DM (NmLCH4g-1) following the formula: BMP_DM=BMP_VS*(DM-MM)/DM where VS is the volatile solid content (g/g raw matter), DM the dry matter and MM the mineral matter (in %DM). Calculate using the formula. Leaf biomass dry matter basis yield (g/plot) - Computation Grain shape in profile view - Estimation Visual assessment of grain shape. MnShoStmFW Main shoot stem Main shoot stem fresh weight Main shoot stem fresh weight Fresh weight InsDmg Score (1-9) GlmAd adhesion Glume adhesion Glumes adhesion. Glume Stem elongated internodes number Number of elongated internodes on the main stem. elongated internodes number Stem InterNodNo Measure or calculate dry matter content of a sample by calculating the ratio of the weight of the sample after complete desiccation to the initial weight of the sample. Leaf biomass dry matter content - Measurement Cell wall residue determination in dry matter based on gravimetry Cell wall residue determination in dry matter - Measurement InterNodDiaMin Minimum diameter Internode minimum diameter. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. Internode minimum diameter Internode Panicle exertion - Measurement Measure length of the peduncle emerged from flag leaf sheath to base of the panicle. Total mineral content based on reference values obtained by ashing at 550°C. In the case of this method Mineral Matter (MM) concentration is predicted using a NIRS calibration and calculated in reference to the dry matter (DM) content. The NIRS calibration information has to be provided. Method abbreviation: MMNIRS Mineral Matter determination in the dry matter using NIRS calibration - Prediction Leaf biomass Moisture content LfMoi Leaf biomass moisture content. Leaf biomass moisture content Days to Heading - Computation Compute number of days required from sowing to heading Calculate using the formula. Whole above ground dry matter biomass yield (t/ha) - Computation panicle panicle harvest index Plant PcleHI Proportion of harvested panicle weight over whole above ground biomass weight. Panicle harvest index Grain GMoi Grain moisture content Moisture content Grain moisture content. Leaf vein color - Estimation Observe leaf vein color. Yield at harvest Grain GHvYld Grain yield at harvest The weight of grain expressed fresh (field) basis that was harvested per unit area. Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) concentration obtained from the Van Soest reference analyses, predicted using a Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration and calculated in reference to the Dry Matter (DM) content. The NIRS calibration information has to be provided. Method abbreviation: VSNDFNIRS Van Soest method using NIRS calibration for NDF determination in the dry matter - Prediction Main shoot and tillers panicles fresh weight Main shoot and tillers panicles fresh weight Fresh weight Panicle PcleFW Dry weight of a sample of an organ - Measurement Dry the fresh organ sample 72 hours at 60 °C and weigh the dried sample. The organ may be for instance leaf (Lf), panicle (Pcle), main shoot stem (MnShoStm), internode (InterNod). Antho Plant Plant anthocyanin presence Presence of anthocyanin in the plant. anthocyanin presence Ranking: 3 SdlgNo Seedling Seedling number after thinning. number Seedling number agronomic appreciation Plant AgApp Plant agronomic appreciation Plant type desirability. Stem biomass Yield at harvest (kg/ha) - Computation Calculate using the formula. Record the date of harvest Harvest date - Measurement MnShoPcleDM Main shoot panicle dry matter content Main shoot panicle dry matter content Dry matter content Main shoot panicle Panicle NSPcle selected number Number of selected panicles selected in breeding nursery. Panicle selected number Antho Score (0-2) Fresh weight Basal and nodal tillers (even dead) fresh weight Basal and nodal tillers fresh weight TllrFW Tiller Leaf biomass yield at harvest Yield at harvest Leaf biomass LfHvYld The leaf biomass expressed fresh (field) basis that was harvested per unit area. Dry matter content WAGBDMC Whole above ground biomass dry matter content Whole above ground biomass dry matter content. Whole above ground biomass % AgApp Score (1-5) Moisture content Panicle moisture content. Panicle Panicle moisture content PcleMoi StoPrbTol Storage problems tolerance None cm Cytoplasmic male sterility cytoplasmic male sterility CMS An assessment of male sterility on the panicle. Plant Count all leaves on the main shoot of the plant Number of main shoot leaves emitted since the sowing - Counting Fresh weight Panicles fresh weight Panicle Panicles fresh weight PcleFW GermRt Rate of germination Germination Rate  hours ml Main shoot stem height based on the position of the base of the panicle Main shoot stem height based on the position of the base of the panicle Main shoot stem MnShoPcleBaseHt Height Fresh weight of an organ per plant based on a pool of n plants - Computation Calculate the fresh weight of an organ per plant, based on the fresh weight of the organs of n plants and the number of plants of the pool. The organ may be for instance leaf (Lf), panicle (Pcle), main shoot stem (MnShoStm), internode (InterNod). The number of plants (n) must be provided. Recommended range for n is 3 to 6. Grain desirability - Estimation Record desirable grain appearance, size (if it matters), presence and absence of mold and testa of the grain. Helminth Score (0-1) StmJSC sugar content Stem juice Stem juice sugar content Sugar content in sorghum stem juice. Sowing time Sowing time. Sow Sowing time Plant P2R Panicle CERES model considers that, above criticial photoperiod (P2O), a linear growth of the duration of the vegetative phase (in degree days) as a function of photoperiod. The slope of this line (P2R) defines photoperiod-sensitivity. Photoperiod-sensitivity-coefficient-CERES Photoperiod sensitivity coefficient of the variety based on CERES model Internode length InterNodLng Internode Length Internode length. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. FAnthrSev Score (1-9) Grain lustre - Estimation Visual observation for seed lustrousness. Grain Density of the grain. Grain density GDen density Calculate using the formula. Stem Biomass moisture content - Computation Internode Acid detergent fiber content of the dry matter InterNodADFDM Internode acid detergent fiber content of dry matter Internode acid detergent fiber content of dry matter. This fraction contains lignins, cellulose, silica and insoluble forms of nitrogen but not hemicellulose. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Grain shape in dorsal view. Grain Grain shape in dorsal view shape in dorsal view GShpDors TO color - Estimation Visual assessment of color of a TO sample prepared from sorghum flour after decortication. grain/panicle InterNodIVOMD In Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility Internode Internode In Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility Internode In Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility Main shoot stem Main shoot stem density Main shoot stem density Density MnShoStmDen Count the number of planting holes with plants 5-10 days after emergence. Number of Hills at Seedling - Counting Stover biomass dry matter content - Measurement Measure or calculate dry matter content of a sample by calculating the ratio of the weight of the sample after complete desiccation to the initial weight of the sample. Comparative ranking by users method Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ lignin content of dry matter StmMnShoLigDM Main shoot stem lignin content of dry matter stem of the main shoot Main shoot stem lignin content of dry matter Measure the phytomer length and the internode length and calculate the difference Node length - Measurement Leaf Biomass yield at harvest (kg/ha) - Computation Calculate using the formula. GShpProf Score (1-3) PcleLng length Panicle length Panicle Length of the panicle. Lignin determination in dry matter after hydrolysis by acetyl bromide. The protocol for lignin determination by acetyl bromide (Lignin) was adapted from Fukushima and Hatfield (2001). Internode samples were lyophilized after sampling and crushed (<100 µm) with mixer mill (Retsch MM301). Cell wall residues (CWR, i.e. structural carbohydrates) were prepared from 100 mg of the powder weighted precisely. Samples were washed twice in 5 ml of distilled water at 80°C. After centrifugation (10 minutes, 10000 rpm), the pellet was rinsed twice in 5 ml of absolute ethanol for 15 min at 80°C, then rinsed twice in 5 ml of acetone at room temperature for 10 min and left to dry under a fume hood overnight at room temperature. CWR was weighed to calculate the percentage of CWR in dry matter. Lignin from the prepared cell wall residue (5 mg +/- 1 mg) was solubilized in 1 ml (V1) of acetyl bromide solution (acetyl bromide/acetic acid (1/4, v/v)) in a glass vial at 55°C for 2.5 hours under shaking. Samples were then let to cool down at room temperature and 1.2 ml of NaOH 2M/acetic acid (9/50, v/v) was added in the vial. 0.1 mL (V2) of this sample was transferred in 300 µl of 0.5M hydroxylamine chlorhydrate and mixed with 1.4 ml of acetic acid. The absorbance (A280) of the samples was measured at 280 nm. Lignin determination in dry matter using hydrolysis by acetyl bromide and spectrophotometry - Computation InterNodCellDM Internode cellulose content of dry matter. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode Internode cellulose content of dry matter Cellulose content of the dry matter Harvested Hills - Counting Count the number of planting holes harvested effectively. Grain roundness - Measurement Roundness of grain estimated by image analysis. Roundness of the grain is defined as the ratio of the Minor Axis length to Major Axis length deduced from an ellipse fitted to the shape of the grain. The weight of grain expressed in dry matter basis that was harvested per unit area. Grain dry matter basis yield Dry matter basis yield Grain GDMYld Crude Fiber determination using NIRS calibration - Prediction Crude Fiber content (Cellulose Brute de Weende) predicted using a Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration and calculated in reference to the Dry Matter (DM) content. The NIRS calibration has to be provided. The Cellulose Brute de Weende or Cellulose de Weende corresponds to the organic residue obtained after a double hydrolysis realized successively with an acid and a basic solution (De Weende Method). The measurement of the cellulose brute de Weende corresponds to an estimation by default of the content in cell wall as this one is in reality two to four times more important. At the same time, it corresponds to an estimation by excess of the cellulose content as the residue also contains a variable fraction of lignin and hemicelluloses. Method abbreviation: CFDMNIRS Empty panicle number - Counting Visually asset losses of grain in harvested panicles, damage usually caused by birds, insects, midges, breakages, etc. Use formula to compute stem internodes length. Stem internodes length - Computation Panicle weight without grain PCleWWoG Weight of the panicle without grain. weight without grain Panicle MnShoStmRoughSSDM Main shoot stem soluble sugars including starch (RoughSS: Rough Soluble Sugars) weight Main shoot stem Main shoot stem soluble sugars including starch weight soluble sugars including starch content of dry matter Grain Time of germination after planting Germination time GermTim Germination time GlmOp Score (0-2) Weigh the fresh organ of one single plant. The organ may be for instance leaf (Lf), panicle (Pcle), main shoot stem (MnShoStm), internode (InterNod). Fresh weight of an organ of one single plant - Measurement ToCol Score (1-5) Whole above ground biomass Whole above ground biomass dry matter basis yield Whole above ground biomass Dry matter basis yield The whole above ground biomass expressed in dry matter basis that was harvested per unit area. Stem juice Weight of sorghum stem juice. Stem juice weight StmJW juice weight Stem biomass dry matter content - Measurement Measure or calculate dry matter content of a sample by calculating the ratio of the weight of the sample after complete desiccation to the initial weight of the sample. Stover biomass Stover biomass yield at harvest StoHvYld The stover biomass expressed fresh (field) basis that was harvested per unit area. Yield at harvest Striga incidence Striga Incidence Plant Striga incidence on Sorghum plants. StrigaInc Green leaves GLNo Green leaves number Number of green leaves. number Maturity date - Estimation Record maturity date, observed as onset of black spot on the bottom of the grain panicle. General Score (1-5) Dry weight InterNodZ2DW Internode inner zone (Z2) dry weight Internode inner zone (Z2) dry weight. Outer and inner zones are delimited visually based on their anatomical differences and separated by peeling. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. Internode Grain standardized yield (kg/plot) - Computation Calculate using the formula. Panicle dry matter content - Measurement Measure or calculate dry matter content of a sample by calculating the ratio of the weight of the sample after complete desiccation to the initial weight of the sample. Determination of alcohol-soluble sucrose content in dry matter by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Determination of alcohol-soluble sucrose content in dry matter - Measurement Lignin content of dry matter InterNodLigDM Internode lignin content of dry matter Internode lignin content of dry matter. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. Internode Lignin (ADL) concentration obtained from the Van Soest reference analyses, predicted using a Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration and calculated in reference to the Dry Matter (DM) content. The NIRS calibration information has to be provided. Method abbreviation: VSADLDMNIRS Van Soest method using NIRS calibration for lignin determination in the dry matter - Prediction Dry matter content of an organ based on a sample - Computation Calculate the dry matter of an organ based on the fresh weight and the dry weight (obtained after 72 hours at 60 °C) of a sample. The organ may be for instance leaf (Lf), panicle (Pcle), main shoot stem (MnShoStm), internode (InterNod). GStdYld Grain standardized yield Standardized yield Grain The weight of grain adjusted to a standard moisture content (14%) that was harvested per unit area. Main shoot stem dry weight Dry weight Main shoot stem dry weight Main shoot stem MnShoStmDW kg/ha Stem juice sugar content Brix method - Measurement Using refractometer (or hydrometer) to determine the Brix. Organic matter digestibility value derived from chemical analysis of dried and ground stover, usually using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectrophotometry (NIRS). Stover organic matter digestibility StoOMD Stover organic matter digestibility Dry weight MnShoPcleSampleDW Main shoot panicle sample dry weight Main shoot panicle sample dry weight Main shoot panicle Red-colored area in the internode outer zone (Z1), obtained after fasga staining of the internode. Outer and inner zones are delimited visually based on their anatomical differences. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. Red-colored area in the internode outer zone (Z1) Red-colored area in the outer zone (Z1) of the internode cross section internode InterNodZ1RedArea Tiller Tillers fresh weight Fresh weight TllrFW Tillers fresh weight Stem elongated internodes number - Counting Count of the number of elongated internodes at maturity on the main stem. Main shoot stem sample fresh weight Fresh weight Main shoot stem sample fresh weight Main shoot stem MnShoStmSampleFW Grain lipid content GLip Lipid content of the whole grain. lipid content Grain Van Soest method using NIRS calibration for hemicellulose determination in the dry matter - Computation Hemicellulose concentration obtained from the Van Soest reference analyses, predicted using a Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration and calculated in reference to the Dry Matter (DM) content. The NIRS calibration information has to be provided. Method abbreviation: VSHemiDMNIRS Record grain weight after harvest. Grain yield at harvest - Measurement Observe and record the presence/absence of sooty stripe disease symptoms. Sooty stripe disease presence - Estimation Foliar anthracnose severity - Estimation Record disease severity at the soft-dough stage on the top four leaves that contribute most to grain development or on all plant. Plant Shoot fly (Atherigona soccata) incidence on sorghum plants. Sorghum shoot fly incidence SSFlyInc Sorghum shoot fly incidence Leaf midrib color - Estimation Observe leaf midrib color. Aufrere method using NIRS calibration for In Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility determination - Prediction In Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility (IVOMD) obtained from the Aufrere reference analysis and predicted using a Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration. The NIRS calibration information has to be provided. Method abbreviation: AufrereIVOMDNIRS Calculate the dry weight of an organ per plant, based on the fresh weight of the organs of a pool of n plants, the dry matter content of the organ estimated on a sample and the number of plants of the pool. The organ may be for instance leaf (Lf), panicle (Pcle), main shoot stem (MnShoStm), internode (InterNod). The number of plants (n) must be provided. Recommended range for n is 3 to 6. Dry weight of an organ per plant based on a pool of n plants - Computation Grain protein content Grain protein content GProt Protein content of whole grain. GMoldInc Score (1-9) Foliar anthracnose severity FAnthrSev Foliar anthracnose severity Leaf Foliar anthracnose severity on Sorghum, disease caused by Colletotrichum graminicola. Main shoot panicle water content Water content MnShoPcleWC Main shoot panicle water content Main shoot panicle Stem length Stem length StmLng Length of the main stem. Observe presence or absence of subcoat in cut grains. Grain subcoat presence - Estimation Julian day Overall preference  OvPrf None StoDMC Dry matter content Stover biomass dry matter content Stover biomass dry matter content. Stover biomass Measure the blue-colored area in the inner zone (Z2) of the internode cross section using a script analysis based on ImageJ software after fasga staining. Blue-colored area in the inner zone (Z2) of the internode cross section - Measurement Calculate using the formula. Stem biomass dry matter basis yield (g/plot) - Computation Tillers sample dry weight Sample dry weight Basal and nodal tillers (even dead) sample dry weight TllrSampleDW Tillers GRotation Score (0-2) Calculate the dry weight of the organs of a pool of n plants, based on the fresh weight of the organs of n plants and the dry matter content of the organ. Here the dry matter content of the tillers is calculated as the average dry matter of the different organs of the main shoot (the hypothesis is that the tillers have the same proportions of the different organs than the main shoot, what is wrong). The number of plants (n) must be provided. Recommended range for n is 3 to 6. Dry weight of an organ for a pool of n plants - Computation Main shoot stem structural density Structural density Main shoot stem structural density Main shoot stem MnShoStmStructDen Glume opening opening GlmOp Glume Glumes opening. Number of nodal tillers arising from the upper nodes in sorghum stem. Stem nodal tiller number nodal tillering Stem StmNdlTNo rotation Grain rotation GRotation Grain rotation. Grain Amylose content of whole grain. Grain Grain amylose content amylose content GAmy color Grain Color of the grain. GCol Grain color Internode Mineral matter content of dry matter Internode mineral matter content of dry matter. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. Internode mineral matter content of dry matter InterNodMMDM PerThk Score (0-2) Dry matter content Panicle dry matter content Panicle PcleDMC Panicle dry matter content. Leaf midrib color LfMRCol Leaf midrib color. Leaf midrib color Internode maximum diameter - Measurement Measure diameter with a calliper rule on the widest section of the internode Panicle desirability - Estimation Observe shape, density and grain amount per panicle before harvest or on harvested panicles and record desirability. Value derived from the analysis of stover using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectrophotometry (NIRS). Nitrogen digestibility NIRS - Measurement Main shoot stem MnShoStmHHVDM Main shoot stem higher heating value of the dry matter Higher Heating Value of the dry matter Main shoot stem higher heating value of the dry matter Internode Internode lignin (ADL) content of Cell Wall Residues (CWR) estimated through the Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF). Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot Internode lignin content of Cell Wall Residues Lignin content of Cell Wall Residues (CWR) InterNodLigCWR Harvest date - Measurement Record the date of harvest Tillers sample fresh weight Basal and nodal tillers (even dead) sample fresh weight Tillers TllrSampleFW Sample fresh weight Calculate using the formula. Whole above ground biomass dry matter basis yield (kg/ha) - Computation Determination of alcohol-soluble sugars content in dry matter - Computation Compute the sum of alcohol-soluble sugar quantities in dry matter Counting of plant basal tiller number. Plant basal tiller number - Counting juice volume Stem juice Juice volume extracted from stem. StmJQ Stem juice volume ToCons To consistency consistency To Consistency of TO porridge prepared from the sorghum grain. mm² Leaf Helminth Helminthosporiose disease presence Helminthosporiose disease presence Helmenthosoriose disease symptoms presence/absence. Endosperm texture - Estimation Visual assessment of vitreous endosperm on a grain section. InterNodZ1Area Outer zone (Z1) area of the internode cross section. Outer and inner zones are delimited visually based on their anatomical differences. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. Internode outer zone (Z1) area Internode Outer zone (Z1) area of the internode cross section Calculate the dry weight of an organ for a single plant, based on its fresh weight and the dry matter content estimated on a sample. The organ may be for instance leaf (Lf), panicle (Pcle), main shoot stem (MnShoStm), internode (InterNod). Dry weight of an organ of one single plant based on a sample - Computation Measure length of the panicle from the first primary branch to the top. Panicle length - Measurement GSz Score (1-5) PlSur Survival of plants Plant survival  Visual assessment of lodging incidence. Plant lodging incidence - Estimation LfCol Score (1-2) To To color color Color of TO porridge prepared from the sorghum grain. ToCol Grain GLstr Grain lustre Grain lustre. lustre mineral matter content of dry matter Main shoot stem mineral matter content of dry matter stem of the main shoot Main shoot stem mineral matter content of dry matter StmMnShoMMDM Empty panicle Number of empty or missing panicles, mainly due biotic or abiotic stresses, as heat, frost, bird or midge damage. number EPcleNo Empty panicle number Hill number NSH Number of hills with plants at seedling stage. Number of seedling hills hill Length Phytomer length. Phytomer rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Phytomer stands here for phytomer of the main shoot. Phytomer Phytomer length PhytomLng GCov Score (1-5) Incidence of rust on sorghum plants. Causative agent: Puccinia purpurea. Sorghum rust incidence Plant RustInc Sorghum rust incidence Panicle width Panicle width Width of the panicle. PcleWid Thr None Threshability  Strigavigor Score (0-9) Rate the maximum vigor (biomass) of Striga plants in the plot. Maximum Striga vigor - Estimation Stover Biomass moisture content - Computation Calculate using the formula. Record panicle weight after harvest. Panicle Yield at harvest - Measurement Pigmentation of the leaf-vein. Leaf vein color Leaf vein color LfVCol Record date when 50% of the seedlings reach the seedling ermergence stage. Date of seedling emergence - Measurement Plant SBorerInc Sorghum stem borer incidence Stem borer (Chilo partellus) incidence on sorghum plants. Sorghum stem borer incidence yyyymmdd StmMnShoHemiCWR Main shoot stem hemicellulose content of Cell Wall Residues Main shoot stem hemicellulose content of Cell Wall Residues hemicellulose content of Cell Wall Residues stem of the main shoot basic vegetative phase - Measurement Basic vegetative phase is calculated from the minimal duration of the vegetative phase. It is estimated in environment where the photoperiod is lower than the critical photoperiod (in the case of short days plant like sorghum) Calculate the outer zone (Z1) area of the internode cross section in comparison with the total internode cross section area Outer zone (Z1) area of the internode cross section - Computation Grain number per panicle - Computation Calculate using the formula. GCol Score (1-9) Main shoot stem In Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility In Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility stem of the main shoot StmMnShoIVOMD Main shoot stem In Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility Dry weight Main shoot leaves sample dry weight MnShoLfSampleDW Main shoot leaves Main shoot leaves sample dry weight EndoCol Score (1-2) plant number Striga Striga plant number Striga plant number. StrigaNo Main shoot stem soluble sugars content in dry matter Main shoot stem Main shoot stem soluble sugars content in dry matter Soluble sugars content in dry matter MnShoStmSSDM Panicle Panicle off-type number. PcleOTNo Panicle off type number off type number Outer zone (Z1) area of the internode cross section - Measurement Measure the area of the outer zone (Z1) of the internode cross section using a script analysis based on ImageJ software after fasga staining Farmer choice of the variety. Plant Variety farmer preference FP farmer preference The length of the internodes of the stem. internodes length Stem Stem internodes length InterNodLng Grain Harvest index - Computation Compute proportion of harvested grain weight over whole above ground biomass weight. Measure humidity content of a sample using humidity sensor. Stem Biomass moisture content - Measurement size for target use/Market Grain size for target market/use  Quality and adequacy of the size for target use and/or markets Grain GrSzUs Sorghum downy mildew incidence Sorghum downy mildew incidence on sorghum plants. Caused by Peronospora sp. Sorghum downy mildew incidence SDMInc Plant Main shoot stem Main shoot stem biomethane potential measured on the basis of the Volatile Solids (VS) Biochemical methane potential based on volatile solids Main shoot stem biomethane potential measured on the basis of the Volatile Solids (VS) MnShoStmBMPVS Aufrere method using NIRS calibration for In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility - Prediction In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility (IVDMD) obtained from the Aufrere reference analysis, predicted using a Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration and calculated in reference to the Dry Matter (DM) content. The NIRS calibration information has to be provided. Methode abbreviation: AufrereIVDMDNIRS Internode ethanol-soluble glucose content in dry matter Internode ethanol-soluble glucose content in dry matter. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. Ethanol-soluble glucose content in dry matter Internode InterNodGlucDM Panicle Number of panicles. Panicle number number PcleNo Variety photoperiod sensitivity coefficient Coefficient of sensitivity to photoperiod of the variety. Photoperiod sensitivity coefficient Variety Kp Glume GlmAwn awnedness Glume awnedness Presence of an awn on the glumes. Mat None Maturity  Damage caused by insects on plants. Insect damage Insect damage InsDmg Plant Yield at harvest PcleHvYld Panicle yield at harvest Panicle The weight of panicles expressed fresh (field) basis that was harvested per unit area. Dry the fresh organ 72 hours at 60 °C and weigh the dried organ. The organ may be for instance leaf (Lf), panicle (Pcle), main shoot stem (MnShoStm), internode (InterNod). Dry weight of an organ of one single plant - Measurement PcleDW Panicles dry weight Panicles dry weight Dry weight Panicle Tiller Basal and nodal tillers (even dead) dry matter content Dry matter content TllrDM Tillers dry matter content Leaf to stem weight ratio Leaf to stem weight ratio LfStmWRatio The ratio of leaves weight over stem weight. Plant Weight of the total amount of juice collected after pressing sorghum stems. Stem juice weight - Measurement Leaf biomass dry matter content Dry matter content Leaf biomass Leaf biomass dry matter content. LfDMC Ranking:3 Panicle compactness and shape - Estimation Observe the overall shape of the panicle and its compactness based on florets density. Estimate the yield of the variety, after the harvest of panicles spread on the ground, usually scored by the farmer. Grain yield score - Estimation Seedling vigor assessment. Seedling vigor vigor Seedling SdlgVig PNo Plant number per plot. Plant number Plant number A NIRS spectrum is acquired from a flour sample or a whole grain sample and the lipid content is predicted using an appropriate calibration based on the reference method. Lipid content NIRS - Measurement Plant PBTNo Plant basal tiller number Number of basal tillers. basal tillers number Organic matter digestibility NIRS - Measurement Value derived from chemical analysis of dried and ground stover, using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectrophotometry (NIRS). The farmer observes the different plots and assigns a preference score using a scale predefined. Variety farmer preference - Estimation Observe and record incidence/damage caused by midges. Midge incidence - Estimation Internode ethanol-soluble fructose content in dry matter. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. InterNodFructDM Internode ethanol-soluble fructose content in dry matter Internode Ethanol-soluble fructose content in dry matter Variety maturity appreciation Maturity appreciation MatApp Variety Appreciation of maturity time of the variety by comparing to local check variety. Internode length - Measurement Measure the length of the internode from the top of the bottom node to the bottom of the top node Glume opening - Estimation Visual assessment of glumes opening. Endosperm color Endosperm EndoCol color Color of endosperm. Record date when 50% of plants in a plot reach the flowering stage. Flowering date - Estimation Biomethane potential determination in volatile solids using NIRS calibration - Prediction Biomethane potential obtained from the protocol proposed by Angelidaki et al., 2009 (https://iwaponline.com/wst/article/59/5/927/15563/Defining-the-biomethane-potential-BMP-of-solid) using a Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration and calculated in reference to the dry matter. As the calibration available provides BMP estimates in NmLCH4g-1 of Volatile Solids (VS), these estimates are converted in NmLCH4g-1 of Dry Matter (DM) expressed in normal conditions (0°C, 1.013 bar) and per gram of DM (NmLCH4g-1) following the formula: BMP_DM=BMP_VS*(DM-MM)/DM where VS is the volatile solid content (g/g raw matter), DM the dry matter and MM the mineral matter (in %DM). MnShoStmSampleDW Main shoot stem sample dry weight Main shoot stem sample dry weight Main shoot stem Dry weight Flag leaf weight - Estimation Measure flag leaves weight. StoND nitrogen digestibility Stover Stover nitrogen digestibility Stover Nitrogen digestibility value. Panicle Panicle exertion Length of peduncle emerged from the flag leaf sheath. PcleEx exertion Internode Internode Crude Protein content of Dry Matter. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. Internode Crude Protein content of Dry Matter Crude protein content of dry matter InterNodCPDM Main shoot leaves water content Water content Main shoot leaves Main shoot leaves water content MnShoLfWC Panicle Basic Vegetative Phase BVP Basic vegetative phase Basic-vegetative-phase Leaf biomass LfDMYld Leaf biomass dry matter basis yield The leaf biomass expressed in dry matter basis that was harvested per unit area. Dry matter basis yield Internode outer zone (Z1) fresh weight. Outer and inner zones are delimited visually based on their anatomical differences and separated by peeling. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. Internode outer zone (Z1) fresh weight InterNodZ1FW Fresh weight Internode StmMnShoCPDM Main shoot stem crude protein content of dry matter crude protein content of dry matter stem of the main shoot Main shoot stem crude protein content of dry matter Plant height - Measurement Measure plant height, usually recorded in several plants 15 to 20 days after the end of flowering. MnShoStmBMPDM Biochemical methane potential based on the dry matter Main shoot stem biomethane potential measured on the basis of the Total Solids (TS) (TS being equivalent to the dry matter). Main shoot stem biomethane potential measured on the basis of the Total Solids (TS) (TS being equivalent to the Dry Matter DM) Main shoot stem Roundness of the grain. Grain roundness roundness Grain GRnd ETN Effective tiller number Effective tiller number Number of tillers bearing a panicle. main shoot leaves emitted since the sowing Total number of leaves emitted on the main shoot since the sowing. Time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Number of main shoot leaves emitted since the sowing MnShoLfNo Number Main shoot panicle fresh weight Fresh weight Main shoot panicle fresh weight Main shoot panicle MnShoPcleFW Soluble sugars, including starch, content of dry matter Internode soluble sugars including starch content of dry matter InterNodRoughSSDM Internode Internode soluble sugars including starch (RoughSS: Rough Soluble Sugars) content of dry matter. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. Measuring the volume of juice collected after pressing sorghum stem. Stem juice volume - Measurement Height Main shoot stem MnShoLastLiguLfHt Main shoot stem height based on the position of the ligule of the last ligulated leaf Main shoot stem height based on the position of the ligule of the last ligulated leaf Lignin content of the dry matter Internode lignin content of dry matter. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode lignin content of dry matter Internode InterNodLigDM Basal tillers fresh weight BasalTllrFW Basal tiller Basal tillers fresh weight Fresh weight Vigor Score (1-5) Determination of soluble sugars including starch content in the dry matter - Computation Soluble sugars including starch (RoughSS) concentration, calculated based on the information obtained from Van Soest, Crude Protein (CP) and Mineral Matter (MM) analyses. This methods provides an access to a rough estimate of the soluble sugars content, including starch. It is much less accurate than specific soluble sugar content methods. This trait is derived from a calculation based on results obtained from NIRS calibrations that need to be provided. Method abbreviation: RoughSSNIRS panicle/plot Leaf Biomass moisture content - Measurement Measure humidity content of a sample using humidity sensor. Count the number of vascular bundles in the inner zone (Z2) of the internode cross section Number of vascular bundles in the inner zone (Z2) of the internode cross section - Counting Dry matter basis yield The panicle yield expressed as a quantity of dry matter harvested per unit area. Panicle dry matter basis yield PcleDMYld Panicle Stover StoEng metabolised energy Stover metabolised energy Metabolised energy value derived from chemical analysis of dried and ground stover. Main shoot and tillers panicles dry weight Main shoot and tillers panicles dry weight Main shoot stem Dry weight PcleDW Grain GSz The size of the grain. Grain size size Water content MnShoStmWC Main shoot stem water content Main shoot stem water content Main shoot stem Visual assessment of grain rotation. Grain rotation - Estimation InterNodCFDM Internode Crude Fiber content of Dry Matter Internode Internode CrudeFiber content of Dry Matter. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. Crude Fiber content of Dry Matter Plant vigor - Estimation Comparative visual observation of the biomass of plants (length, width, number of leaves). Main shoot stem last ligulated leaf height - Measurement Measure plant height from the ground to the ligule insertion of the last ligulated leaf of the main shoot stem Sorghum shoot fly incidence - Computation Calculate incidence of shoot fly on plants. Critical-photoperiod Panicle Critical photoperiod : In short day plants, flowering occurs when day length becomes shorter than a critical photoperiod. P2O Critical photoperiod Visual observation of plants for presence of anthocyanin. Plant anthocyanin presence - Estimation Plant agronomic appreciation - Estimation Observation of the morphology of the variety to give an agronomic score. ToCons Score (1-5) Decorticated grain weight weight Decorticated grain DecGW Grain weight after decortication. stem of the main shoot Main shoot stem lignin content of Cell Wall Residues StmMnShoLigCWR Main shoot stem lignin content of Cell Wall Residues lignin content of Cell Wall Residues StrigaInc Score (1-5) In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility stem of the main shoot Main shoot stem In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility StmMnShoIVDMD Main shoot stem In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility Measure diameter with a calliper rule on the narrowest section of the internode Internode minimum diameter - Measurement degree celsius days Main shoot Whole Above-ground Biomass (WAB) dry matter content Main shoot Whole Above-ground Biomass (WAB) dry matter content Dry matter content MnShoWABDM Main shoot Whole Above-ground Biomass Grain mold severity incidence Grain GMoldSev Grain mold severity caused by agents Aspergillus spp and/or Penicillium spp. Grain mold severity Observe panicle length, distance between branches and the number of spikelets with grain and record panicle density. Panicle density - Estimation Fresh weight of a sample of an organ - Measurement Weigh the fresh sample of an organ. The organ may be for instance leaf (Lf), panicle (Pcle), main shoot stem (MnShoStm), internode (InterNod). InterNodZ1DW Internode Dry weight Internode outer zone (Z1) dry weight Internode outer zone (Z1) dry weight. Outer and inner zones are delimited visually based on their anatomical differences and separated by peeling. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. Thermal time to panicle inititation initiation-thermal-time Panicle TTPI Thermal time to panicle inititation derived from the Thermal Time from emergence to flag leaf ligulation (TTFL) using the linear formula proposed by Folliard et al. (2004) Observe glumes color. Glume color - Estimation Stem biomass Moisture content StmMoi Stem biomass moisture content. Stem biomass moisture content threshability PcleThrs Panicle threshability The threshability of the panicle, either difficult to thresh, freely threshable or partly threshable. Panicle Phytomer length - Measurement Measure the length from the bottom of the node below the internode to the top of the internode Hemicellulose concentration obtained from the Van Soest reference analyses, predicted using a Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration and calculated in reference to the Cell Wall Residue (CWR) content (estimated through the Neutral Detergent Fiber, NDF). The NIRS calibration information has to be provided. Method abbreviation: VSHemiNDFNIRS. Van Soest method using NIRS calibration for Hemicellulose determination in the NDF - Computation Stover biomass yield at harvest (kg/ha) - Computation Calculate using the formula. Observe and record damage caused by insects. Insect damage - Estimation Grain size - Estimation Visual observation for grain boldness. Record the date of sowing. Sowing date - Measurement PtTol Pest tolerance  Tolerance to Pests - the pest identification is documented in complementary data Whole above ground biomass yield at harvest - Measurement Record Whole Above Ground Biomass weight after harvest. Main shoot stem dry matter content MnShoStmDM Main shoot stem Main shoot stem dry matter content Dry matter content Number of main shoot ligulated leaves emitted since the sowing - Counting Count ligulated leaves on the main shoot of the plant emitted since the sowing Leaf Biomass moisture content - Computation Calculate using the formula. day Leaf biomass dry matter basis yield (kg/ha) - Computation Calculate using the formula. Compute number of days required from sowing to ligulation of the flag leaf. Days to flag leaf ligulation - Computation Heading date - Estimation Record the date when 50% of plants show panicle emerged from boot. Grain Grain anthracnose severity Grain anthracnose severity on grain caused by Colletotrichum graminicola. Grain anthracnose severity GAnthrSev GlmCol Score (1-4) Visual observation of grain color. Grain color - Estimation Internode ethanol-soluble sugars content in dry matter InterNodSSDM Internode Internode ethanol-soluble sugars content in dry matter Ethanol-soluble sugars content in dry matter GHrd Grain Grain hardness Whole grain hardness. hardness Mean vigor Assessment of the Striga maximum vigor. Striga mean vigor StrigaMeanVig Striga Leaf color - Estimation Observe leaf color. Grain moisture content - Computation Calculate using the formula. Main shoot leaves dry matter content Dry matter content MnShoLfDM Main shoot leaf Main shoot leaves dry matter content Compactness and shape of the panicle. compactness and shape PcleCpt Panicle compactness and shape Panicle Whole above ground biomass moisture content - Measurement Measure humidity content of a sample using humidity sensor. Maturity time Maturity time Mat Plant Maturity time. Days to maturity - Computation Compute number of days required from sowing (or emergence) to maturity. Panicles weight without grain - Measurement Record the weight of panicle without grain. grain/m2 Cell Wall Residue (CWR) content of dry matter Internode Cell Wall Residues (CWR) content of dry matter. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. Internode Internode Cell Wall Residues content of dry matter InterNodCWRDM Observe and record striga incidence on sorghum plants. Striga Incidence - Estimation NodDM Node dry matter content. Node rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Node stands here for node of the main shoot phytomer, located below the internode under study. Node Dry matter content Node dry matter content Main shoot panicle dry weight MnShoPcleDW NmLCH4g: normal litre of CH4 per gram Main shoot panicle Dry weight Record stem biomass weight. Stem biomass Yield at harvest - Measurement Protein content NIRS - Measurement A NIRS spectrum is acquired from a flour sample or a whole grain sample and the protein content is predicted using an appropriate calibration based on the reference method. Tillers dry weight Tiller Dry weight Tillers dry weight TllrDW PcleThrs Score (1-9) GlmAwn Score (0-2) Calculate the ratio of the weight of a sample of grain after decortication using a Tangential Abrasive Dehulling Device (TADD) to the weight of the sample of grain before decortication. Grain decortication yield - Computation Stem sodium content StmNa sodium content The content of sodium ion content measured in the stems. Stem At the time of threshing, visually estimate the percentage of grains and glumes adhering to assign a score corresponding. Panicle threshability - Estimation index Measure the internode cross section area using a script analysis based on ImageJ software after fasga staining. Internode cross section area - Measurement Mineralization of 1g of flour and titration of nitration content. Protein content Kjeldahl - Measurement Inner zone (Z2) area of the internode cross section InterNodZ2Area Internode inner zone (Z2) area, obtained after fasga staining of the internode. Outer and inner zones are delimited visually based on their anatomical differences. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. Internode inner zone (Z2) area Internode Dry matter content of the Whole Above-ground Biomass (WAB) - Computation Calculate the dry matter of the whole above-ground biomass based on the ratio of the sums of the fresh and dry weights of the different organs (stem, leaves and panicle of the main shoot) Internode maximum diameter InterNodDiaMax Internode Maximum diameter Internode maximum diameter. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. StmMnShoCellCWR stem of the main shoot cellulose content of Cell Wall Residues Main shoot stem cellulose content of Cell Wall Residues Main shoot stem cellulose content of Cell Wall Residues kg/hl Grain mold severity - Estimation Record severity as extent of grain surface covered with mold, usually observed when majority of grains in the middle part of panicle have matured. Molded grain show pink, orange, gray, white or black discoloration depending on the fungus involved. Grain hardness PSI - Measurement Twenty grams of grain is milled in a Falling Number KT 30 mill and sifted for 1 min through a 250-µm sieve using an air jet sifter (Alpine 200LS). PSI is determined as the proportion of milled grain passing through the sieve. Calculate vegetative growth rate. Plant vegetative growth rate - Computation Record Leaf Biomass weight after harvest. Leaf Biomass yield at harvest - Measurement Vascular bundle density in the internode inner zone (Z2) internode inner zone InterNodZ2VBDen Vascular bundle density in the internode inner zone (Z2). Outer and inner zones are delimited visually based on their anatomical differences. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. Vascular bundle density in the inner zone (Z2) of the internode cross section Dry matter content of main shoot and tillers panicles Panicles Dry matter content PcleDM Panicles dry matter content Peduncle length - Measurement Measure length of the peduncle to the first primary branch of panicle. Grain dry matter basis yield (g/plot) - Computation Calculate using the formula. PH height Plant height Plant Length of the main stalk from the base of the stalk to the tip of the panicle. harvested number Panicle harvested number PcleHNo Number of effectively harvested panicles. Panicle Harvest time. Harvest time Harvest time Plant Hvst Calculate the dry matter of an organ based on its fresh weight and its dry weight (obtained after 72 hours at 60 °C). The organ may be for instance leaf (Lf), panicle (Pcle), main shoot stem (MnShoStm), internode (InterNod). Dry matter content of an organ - Computation Grain dry matter basis yield (kg/ha) - Computation Calculate using the formula. GD Score (1-5) Effective tiller number - Counting Count effective tiller number. Stem StmK potassium content The content of potassium ion measured in the stems. Stem potassium content Internode Internode sample fresh weight. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. InterNodSampleFW Fresh weight Internode sample fresh weight vascular bundle/mm² Number of main shoot ligulated leaves emitted since the sowing Number MnShoLiguLfNo Number of main shoot ligulated leaves emitted since the sowing. Time of observation must be provided when using this trait. main shoot ligulated leaves emitted since the sowing CMS Score (1-3) Calculate incidence of stem borer on plants. Sorghum stem borer incidence - Computation Record Stover Biomass weight after harvest. Stover biomass yield at harvest - Measurement Determination of alcohol-soluble fructose content in dry matter - Measurement Determination of alcohol-soluble fructose content in dry matter by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) LFWT1 Total leaf weight without flag leaf weight. Rest of leaves weight Rest of leaves weight weight GW Grain weight Grain The weight of grain per sample (single, 100, 200, 1000). Panicle number - Counting Harvest the panicles in the plot and count the number of panicles harvested. NHH Number of harvested hills harvested number Hill Number of harvested hills in the plot. Soluble sugars content obtained from the Luff-Shoorl reference method using a Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration and calculated in reference to the dry matter. The NIRS calibration information has to be provided. Method abbreviation: LuffShSSDMNIRS Determination of soluble sugars content in dry matter using the Luff-Shoorl reference method - Prediction PcleCpt Score (1-13) Stem Biomass dry matter basis yield Dry matter basis yield StmDMYld The stem biomass yield expressed as a quantity of dry matter harvested per unit area. Stem biomass Panicles Panicles sample fresh weight Fresh weight Panicles sample fresh weight PcleSampleFW Stem nodal tiller number - Counting Counting of stem nodal tiller number. Stem volume calculation - Computation Compute the stem volume as the sum of the individual volume of each internode along the stem using internode length and diameter and assuming that internodes are cylinders Calculate using the formula. Grain number - Computation leaf/plant Dry weight InterNodSampleDW Internode sample dry weight Internode Internode sample dry weight. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. Comparative visual observation of plant biomass (length, width, number of leaves) 15 days after sowing. Seedling vigor - Estimation Internode cellulose content of Cell Wall Residues Internode Cellulose content of Cell Wall Residues (CWR) Internode cellulose content of Cell Wall Residues (CWR). Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot InterNodCellCWR PcleEx Score (1-4) Panicle PcleDsirblty Panicle desirability desirability Desirability of the panicle shape. Critical photoperiod - computation The critical photoperiod corresponds to the day length at the intersection of the slope corresponding to the Photoperiod sensitivity coefficient (i.e. line between the thermal times to panicle emergence (in ∞days) observed for different photoperiod durations (in hours)) and the basic vegetative phase photoperiod (in hours) mm NodFW Node fresh weight Fresh weight Node fresh weight. Node rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Node stands here for node of the main shoot phytomer, located below the internode under study. Node Plant number - Counting Count plants in an area or plot. Pericarp thickness Pericarp Thickness of sorghum grain pericarp PerThk thickness Inner zone (Z2) area of the internode cross section - Measurement Measure the inner zone (Z2) area of the internode section using a script analysis based on ImageJ software after fasga staining StGr Stay green   None LfMRCol Score (1-5) OvPrfvLoc Overall performance vs local  None Measure humidity content of a sample using humidity sensor. Stover Biomass moisture content - Measurement MidgeInc Score (1-5) Seedling emergence time Seedling Emergence time Emergence time Emer Cellulose concentration obtained from the Van Soest reference analyses, predicted using a Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration and calculated in reference to the Dry Matter (DM) content. The NIRS calibration information has to be provided. Method abbreviation: VSCellDMNIRS Van Soest method using NIRS calibration for cellulose determination in the dry matter - Computation vascular bundle In Vitro Cell Wall Residues Digestibility Internode In Vitro Cell Wall Residues Digestibility Internode Internode In Vitro Cell Wall Residues Digestibility InterNodIVCWRD MnShoLfDW Main shoot leaf Main shoot leaves dry weight Dry weight Main shoot leaves dry weight Number of green leaves on the main shoot - Counting Count green leaves on the main shoot of the plant Grain shape in profile view. Grain shape in profile view GShpProf Grain shape in profile view plant/plot Count and weigh 100 grains. Hundred Grain Weight - Measurement color Glume Glume color Color of the glumes. GlmCol Calculate by subtracting flag leaves weight from total leaves weight. Rest of leaves weight - Computation Cell Wall Residue (CWR) content of dry matter Main shoot stem cell wall residue content of dry matter StmMnShoCWRDM Main shoot stem cell wall residue content of dry matter stem of the main shoot In Vitro Neutral Detergent Fiber Digestibility computation based on Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) predictions. Information used to compute this trait correspond to the In Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility (IVOMD) estimated using Aufrere reference methods, the Mineral Matter content (MM) and the Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) content estimated using the Van Soest reference methods. Aufrere and Van Soest methods using NIRS calibration for In vitro Neutral Detergent Fiber Digestibility determination - Computation Green leaves number - Counting Count of number of green leaves. Determination of Sodium content by using nitric acid digestion method (AAS & ICP-OES). Stem Sodium content - Measurement Flowering time Flowering time Flo Flowering time. Plant Water content of an organ - Computation Calculate the water content of an organ based on the fresh weight and the dry weight (obtained after 72 hours at 60 °C) of a sample Main shoot leaf Fresh weight MnShoLfFW Main shoot leaves fresh weight Main shoot leaves fresh weight Red-colored area in the internode outer zone (Z1) - Computation Calculate the red-colored area in the outer zone (Z1) of the internode cross section in comparison with the Z1 area, using script analysis based on ImageJ software after fasga staining. LodgInc Score (1-5) MJ/kg Rust incidence - Computation Calculate rust incidence on plants. Observe coleoptile color. Coleoptile color - Estimation Inner zone (Z2) area of the internode cross section - Computation Calculate the inner zone (Z2) area of the internode cross section in comparison with the total internode cross section area Van Soest method using NIRS calibration for cellulose determination in the NDF - Computation Cellulose concentration obtained from the Van Soest reference analyses, predicted using a Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration and calculated in reference to the Cell Wall Residue (CWR) content (estimated through the Neutral Detergent Fiber, NDF). The NIRS calibration information has to be provided. Method abbreviation: VSCellNDFNIRS. AbSt Abiotic stress tolerance  Tolerance to abiotic stress - stress type is docuelnetd in complementary data NodDW Dry weight Node dry weight Node Node dry weight. Node rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Node stands here for node of the main shoot phytomer, located below the internode under study. The amount (weight) of grain that was harvested per unit area. Grain GYld yield Grain yield Heading time Plant Heading time Heading time. Hd Grain Grain yield (qualitative) Yield as expressed by the farmer in a TRICOT trial GrYldQual Yield qualitative Determination of alcohol-soluble glucose content in dry matter by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Determination of alcohol-soluble glucose content in dry matter - Measurement GCov Score (0-5) Red-colored area in the internode outer zone (Z1) - Measurement Measure the red-colored area in the outer zone (Z1) of the internode cross section using a script analysis based on ImageJ software after fasga staining. Seedling number - Counting Count the total number of plants in the plot after thinning. Measure plant height from the ground to the base of the panicle of the main shoot stem Main shoot stem panicle base height - Measurement Panicle Yield at harvest (kg/ha) - Computation Calculate using the formula. LfDW Leaves dry weight of the main shoot and of the tillers Dry weight Leaves dry weight Leaves Number of vascular bundles in the internode inner zone (Z2). Outer and inner zones are delimited visually based on their anatomical differences. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. Vascular bundles number in the inner zone (Z2) of the internode cross section Number of vascular bundles in the internode inner zone (Z2) InterNodZ2VB internode hemicellulose content of dry matter Main shoot stem hemicellulose content of dry matter StmMnShoHemiDM stem of the main shoot Main shoot stem hemicellulose content of dry matter g/m2 /day Coleoptile color The color of the coleoptile. ColeopCol color Coleoptile Internode inner zone (Z2) fresh weight Fresh weight Internode InterNodZ2FW Internode inner zone (Z2) fresh weight. Outer and inner zones are delimited visually based on their anatomical differences and separated by peeling. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. GShpDors Score (1-3) Panicle harvest index - Computation Calculate using the formula. variable_of Blue-colored area in the inner zone (Z2) of the internode cross section - Computation Calculate the blue-colored area of the inner zone (Z2) of the internode cross section in comparison with the Z2 area Main shoot leaves Main shoot leaves sample fresh weight Fresh weight Main shoot leaves sample fresh weight MnShoLfSampleFW Weight of the flag leaf. Flag leaf weight FlgLfW weight Flag leaf None Mkt Marketability  green leaf/main shoot Grain weight Panicle GWPcle The weight of grains per panicle. Grain weight per panicle Plant lodging incidence. lodging incidence LodgInc Plant lodging incidence Plant Calculate using the formula. Grain yield at harvest (kg/ha) - Computation Determination of soluble sugars including starch weight - Computation Soluble sugars including starch (RoughSS) weight based on the organ soluble sugars (including starch) concentration and the organ dry weight. Method abbreviation: RoughSSNIRSDW Endosperm Endosperm texture Proportion of vitreous endosperm. texture EndoT Peduncle Length of the peduncle to panicle base. length PedLng Peduncle length Leaf Sooty Stripe (Ramulispora sorghi) disease symptoms presence/absence. Sooty stripe disease presence SootStr Sooty stripe disease presence Count selected panicles per progeny. Panicle selected number - Counting Flag leaf ligulation time TTFL Flag leaf Flag leaf ligulation time or flag leaf emergence. appearance Measure or calculate dry matter content of a sample by calculating the ratio of the weight of the sample after complete desiccation to the initial weight of the sample. Grain dry matter content - Measurement StrigaMaxVig Maximum vigor Assessment of the Striga mean vigor. Striga maximum vigor Striga Disease tolerance  Tolerance to diseases - the disease type is documented in complementary data DisTol mg/g WAGBMoi Moisture content Whole above ground biomass moisture content. Whole above ground biomass Whole above ground biomass moisture content Grain covering - Estimation Visual observation of covering of grain by glumes. Hemicellulose content of Cell Wall Residues (CWR) Internode hemicellulose content of Cell Wall Residues (CWR). Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. InterNodHemiCWR Internode hemicellulose content of Cell Wall Residues Internode Cytoplasmic male sterility - Estimation Field observation of panicles for the presence of infertility by observing the shape of the anthers. Determination of higher heating value of the dry matter - Prediction Higher Heating Value obtained through the measurement of the energy released as heat when a compound undergoes complete combustion with oxygen in a bomb calorimeter using a Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration and calculated in reference to the dry matter. Method abbreviation: HHVDMNIRS The P2R respresents the photoperiod sensitivity computed according to the CERES model. CERES model considers that, above criticial photoperiod (P2O), a linear growth of the duration of the vegetative phase (in degree days) as a function of photoperiod. The slope of this line (P2R) defines photoperiod-sensitivity. Photoperiod sensitivity coefficient P2R - Computation stem of the main shoot StmMnShoADFDM Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) content of dry matter Main shoot stem acid detergent fiber content of dry matter. This fraction contains lignins, cellulose, silica and insoluble forms of nitrogen but not hemicellulose. Main shoot stem acid detergent fiber content of dry matter LfVCol Score (1-2) Calculate using the formula. Whole above ground biomass moisture content - Computation Helminthosporiose disease presence - Estimation Observe and record the presence/absence of Helminthosporiose symptoms. Calculate using the formula. Panicle dry matter basis yield (g/plot) - Computation Cross section diameter Internode cross section diameter. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. InterNodDia Internode Internode diameter Calculate using the formula. Stover biomass dry matter basis yield (kg/ha) - Computation Pericarp thickness - Estimation The thickness of pericarp is visually estimated. Presence or absence of a seed subcoat. presence Grain subcoat Grain subcoat presence GSCoat Stem biomass dry matter basis yield (kg/ha) - Computation Calculate using the formula. Compute number of days required from sowing to flowering. Days to flowering - Computation Measure the weight of a volume of grains. Grain density - Measurement Grain weight per panicle - Computation Calculate using the formula. GCol Score (1-6) t/ha cm3 Crude Protein (CP) concentration estimated from the total nitrogen content (N) measured by Kjeldahl method, with the relationship CP = N*6.25. It is predicted using a NIRS calibration and calculated in reference to the dry matter content. The NIRS calibration information has to be provided. Mehod abbreviation: KjdlCPNIRS Kjeldahl method using NIRS calibration for crude protein determination in the dry matter - Prediction Comparing the flowering date of the test varieties against a local variety check by considering a normal season. Variety maturity appreciation - Estimation Internode Dry matter content InterNodDM Internode dry matter content. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. Internode dry matter content Internode cross section area InterNodArea Internode cross section area. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. Cross section area Internode FP Score (1-3) Calculate using the formula. Grain standardized yield (kg/ha) - Computation Panicle PcleDen density Panicle density Panicle density. Main shoot stem crude fiber content of dry matter crude fiber content of dry matter Main shoot stem crude fiber content of dry matter StmMnShoCFDM stem of the main shoot Manual assessment of consistency on a TO sample prepared from sorghum flour after decortication. TO consistency - Estimation Striga plant Number - Counting Count Striga plant number in the plot or area, usually performed at maturity of sorghum or on regular intervals during the vegetative stages of sorghum. Main shoot stem In Vitro Cell Wall Residues digestibility Main shoot stem In Vitro Cell Wall Residues digestibility StmMnShoIVCWRD In Vitro Neutral Detergent Fiber Digestibility stem of the main shoot Main shoot stem cellulose content of dry matter StmMnShoCellDM stem of the main shoot Main shoot stem cellulose content of dry matter cellulose content of dry matter GAnthrSev Score (1-5) InterNodCWRDM Internode Internode Cell Wall Residue content of dry matter. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Cell Wall Residue (CWR) content of the dry matter Internode Cell Wall Residue content of dry matter g/panicle Fresh weight Internode Internode fresh weight InterNodFW Internode fresh weight. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. scale_of FAnthrRes Foliar anthracnose response on Sorghum, disease caused by Colletotrichum graminicola. Foliar anthracnose response Foliar anthracnose response Leaf Plant Adult plant vigor assessment. PVig vigor Plant vigor Compute the number of degree days (Thermal time) from emergence to ligulation of the flag leaf. Thermal time from emergence to the ligulation of the flag leaf was computed using an algorithm developed by Jones and Kiniry (1986), considering that growth speed increases as a linear function of temperature between a base and an optimal temperature, and then decreases linearly between optimal and maximal temperature. Cardinal temperatures were 11∞C for base temperature (Tb) (Lafarge and Hammer, 2002), 34∞C for optimum temperature (Topt) and 44∞C for maximum temperature (Tmax) (Abdulai et al., 2012). Thermal Time from emergence to flag leaf ligulation - computation Main shoot panicle sample fresh weight Main shoot panicle Main shoot panicle sample fresh weight MnShoPcleSampleFW Fresh weight Flag leaf ligulation - date estimation Record date when 50% of the plants in a plot reached fag leaf ligulation stage. Whole above ground biomass yield at harvest (kg/ha) - Computation Calculate using the formula. Internode ethanol-soluble sucrose content in dry matter InterNodSucrDM Ethanol-soluble sucrose content in dry matter Internode Internode ethanol-soluble sucrose content in dry matter Number Decorticated grain weight - Measurement Record the decorticated grain weight of a sample after dehulling. The stem biomass expressed fresh (field) basis that was harvested per unit area. Stem biomass Yield at harvest Stem biomass yield at harvest StmHvYld GMoldInc Score (1-5) internode PcleDen Score (1-5) degree days per hour of photoperiod Assessment of glumes adhesion. Glume adhesion - Estimation Rate the mean vigor (biomass) of Striga plants in the plot. Mean Striga vigor - Estimation None Storability   Stobly Stover biomass moisture content Stover biomass Moisture content Stover biomass moisture content. StoMoi Main shoot stem MnShoStmVol Main shoot stem volume Main shoot stem volume Volume Dry matter basis yield The stover biomass yield expressed as a quantity of dry matter harvested per unit area. Stover Biomass dry matter basis yield StoDMYld Stover biomass Compute the stem structural density based on the ratio of the main stem dry weight excluding the soluble sugars and the main stem volume Stem structural density calculation - Computation InterNodHemiDM Internode hemicellulose content of dry matter. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode Internode hemicellulose content of dry matter Hemicellulose content of the dry matter FAnthrRes Score (1-5) Panicle moisture content - Measurement Measure humidity content of a sample using humidity sensor. Lipid content Soxhlet - Measurement Soxhlet ether extraction from 5 g of flour. Whole grain is ground and 10mg of flour is used for measurement by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) of the enthalpy change of the formation of complexes between amylose and phospholipid observed during cooling. Grain amylose content by DSC - Measurement Calculate using the formula. Stover biomass dry matter basis yield (g/plot) - Computation Internode soluble sugars content in dry matter InterNodSSDM Internode Soluble sugars content in dry matter Internode soluble sugars content in dry matter Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) concentration obtained from the Van Soest reference analyses, predicted using a Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration and calculated in reference to the Dry Matter (DM) content. The NIRS calibration information has to be provided. Method abbreviation: VSADFDMNIRS Van Soest method using NIRS calibration for ADF determination in the dry matter - Prediction Internode InterNodZ2BlueArea Blue-colored area in the internode inner zone (Z2) Blue-colored area in the inner zone (Z2) of the internode cross section Blue-colored area in the internode inner zone (Z2), obtained after fasga staining of the internode. Outer and inner zones are delimited visually based on their anatomical differences. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. desirability Grain desirability Grain desirability of the variety. Grain GD Whole above ground biomass dry matter content - Measurement Measure or calculate dry matter content of a sample by calculating the ratio of the weight of the sample after complete desiccation to the initial weight of the sample. method_of ligulated leaf/main shoot Glume awnedness - Estimation Observe presence of awn on glumes. Midge incidence MidgeInc Midge incidence as grain abortion on the panicles. Plant Midge incidence Count and weigh 1000 grains. Thousand Grain Weight - Measurement Compute the stem density based on the ratio of the main stem dry weight and the main stem volume Stem density calculation - Computation Grain decortication yield Proportion of remaining grain after decortication. decortication yield GDecYld Grain grain harvest index Grain harvest index HI Plant Proportion of harvested grain weight over whole above ground biomass weight. Leaf to stem weight ratio - Computation Compute leaf to stem weight ratio. Standard method for metabolised energy. Stover metabolised energy - Measurement None Tst Taste  Panicle off type number - Counting Count the number of off-types panicles. GDMC Grain Dry matter content Grain dry matter content. Grain dry matter content Stem biomass dry matter content. StmDMC Stem biomass dry matter content Stem biomass Dry matter content Sorghum downy mildew incidence - Computation Calculate downy mildew incidence on plants. Red-colored area in the inner zone (Z2) of the internode cross section - Measurement Measure the red-colored area in the inner zone (Z2) of the internode cross section using a script analysis based on ImageJ software after fasga staining. Panicles sample dry weight PcleSampleDW Panicles Dry weight Panicles sample dry weight Absent-Present Score (0-1) Determination of Potassium content by using nitric acid digestion method (AAS & ICP-OES). Stem Potassium content - Measurement Stem length - Measurement Measure length of the stem from the base of the first elongated internode to the base of the peduncle g/cm3 Compute vascular bundle density taking into account their number and the area of the inner zone (Z2) of the internode cross section. Vascular bundle density in the inner zone (Z2) of the internode cross section - Computation SootStr Score (0-1) Calculate using the formula. Panicle dry matter basis yield (kg/ha) - Computation Node NodLng Node length. Node rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Node stands here for node of the main shoot phytomer, located below the internode under study. Node length Length LfCol Leaf Leaf color. Leaf color color MJ/kg Grain moisture content - Measurement Measure humidity content of a sample using humidity sensor. EndoT Score (1-5) PcleDsirblty Score (1-5) Yield at harvest The whole above ground biomass expressed fresh (field) basis that was harvested per unit area. Whole above ground biomass yield at harvest WAGBHvYld Whole above ground biomass MatApp Score (1-5) vegetative growth rate Vegetative growth rate. VGR Plant vegetative growth rate Plant Panicle moisture content - Computation Calculate using the formula. Van Soest method using NIRS calibration for ADL determination in the NDF - Computation Lignin (ADL) concentration obtained from the Van Soest reference analyses, predicted using a Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration and calculated in reference to the Cell Wall Residue (CWR) content (estimated through the Neutral Detergent Fiber, NDF). The NIRS calibration information has to be provided. Method abbreviation: VSADLNDFNIRS Number of main shoot green leaves main shoot green leaves MnShoGrLfNo Number of green leaves on the main shoot. Time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Number Endosperm color - Estimation In a sample, cut grains lengthwise and observe the color of the endosperm. GlmAd Score (1-5) A NIRS spectrum is acquired from a flour sample or a whole grain sample and the amylose content is predicted using an appropriate calibration based on the reference method. Grain amylose content by NIRS - Measurement Count the number of panicles in the plot actually harvested. Panicle harvested number - Counting Visual assessment of grain shape. Grain shape in dorsal view - Estimation Calculated from flowering data at two different sowing dates as: ([DFLF1]-[DFLF2])/([Sowing2]-[Sowing1]) where DFLF1= date of flag leaf appearance for sowing date 1, DFLF2= date of flag leaf appearance for sowing date 2 Photoperiod sensitivity coefficient - Computation Red-colored area in the inner zone (Z2) of the internode cross section - Computation Calculate the red-colored area of the inner zone (Z2) of the internode cross section in comparison with the Z2 area Grain covering GCov Proportion of grain surface covered by glumes covering Grain Grain number per panicle Number of grains per panicle. Grain number GNoPcle Panicle Panicle width - Measurement Measure the width of the panicle at the widest position. Internode diameter - Measurement Measure manually with a calliper rule the internode diameter. This measurement must be done in the central part of the internode. tiller/plant tiller ColeopCol Score (1-2)