CIMMYT StemCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla spiral 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_Adj_kgha CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SdlngVig_E_1to5 CIMMYT PERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 7 61-70% dead leave area CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EH_M_cm CIMMYT TGW Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_DW_g1000grn TKW 1000KW Chl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BCLSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PH_M_cm CIMMYT WeevInc_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 resistant, disease symptoms covering up to 20% CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FungDis_E_text CIMMYT PRI_M_idx Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_gPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EndoHard_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ERInc_Ct_earPlot CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SteWiltInc_Cmp_pct desirable 3 LodgInc_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LErect_E_1to4 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RustSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 200KW GW_DW_g200grn CIMMYT MLNSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PAsp_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Silk_DT_day CIMMYT DTS Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 4 semi-soft and semi-opaque grains Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GProline_M_mgg CIMMYT CIMMYT SmaySev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CLSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_FW_g200grn CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTrp_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELSen_DT_day DTELSen Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSCMSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT PERSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELLng_M_cm LLng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Mat_Cmp_Cday MaturityGDU CIMMYT LCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GProt_Cmp_pct GAsh_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslGlBAnCol_E_1to2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EPo_Cmp_ratio CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AWormDmg_E_1to5 PstTol_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT LAsh_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AntAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT TslGlBAnCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 4 susceptible, disease symptoms covering upto 70% PDMInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT GABA_M_ugg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PsacchInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Sen_E_0to10 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AflavERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GVitA_M_µgg Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LWid_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Mat_Date_ymd MD CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRFVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutSev_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT DMSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GrTast_CompRank_Bl3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSucrose_M_pct CIMMYT PHFL_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LRollSev_E_1to5 3 intermediate TslDen_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StdGerm_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELChl_M_CCI CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCMSev_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT GW_Adj_g200grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla open 4 5 orange FmonSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SteWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT GSucrose_M_umolg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 8 white cap Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AphDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MCob_Cmp_pct CIMMYT poor germination (11-29%) 4 3 normal CIMMYT MRFVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CharRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELW_M_g TslGlBAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT BwSpotSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RustSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BHskCovInc_Cmp_pct FgramERSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonSRSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoProt_M_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CT_M_C Highest rank 1 7 mottled 2 green entity GrStor_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EndoTrp_M_pct CLSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRDVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EW_DW_kgPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PLSSev_E_1to5 shrunken 1 MatT_CompRank_BL3 light green 1 CIMMYT EW_FW_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSVSev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SCMVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT CIMMYT TRustSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EN_Cmp_earplnt CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CRustSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT MRCVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ShtPub_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EDia_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 6 flint CIMMYT FmonERSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 semi-hard and semi-transparent grains 0 absent CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSInc_Cmp_pct conical 3 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_lbPlot GxE CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TRustSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT CRustSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GThk_M_mm LGBDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CRustSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GxE EWid_M_mm Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PDMInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT 0 no dead leaf area moderately susceptible, disease symptoms covering up to 50% 3 CIMMYT EN_Ct_earPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLys_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 straight CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_kgha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CTMInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RGlucose_M_ngug WI_M_idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 very weak to weak ALBInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMVSev_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AntAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT RABA_M_ngg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EDmg_E_1to5 5 medium infection CIMMYT AleuCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PVig_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla absent or very weak 1 red 3 5 postrate CIMMYT GIron_M_ppm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GStarch_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSTVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT BusseolaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla poor 4 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TSCSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT attribute CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StrigaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ChiloDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Silk_Date_ymd SD 2 low to moderate level of blasting CIMMYT BCLSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HskCov_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT BwSpotSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RProl_M_ugg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Ant_Cmp_Cday AnthesisGDU 31-40% dead leaf area 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PytSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT YLChl_M_CCI CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 short CIMMYT MRDVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GOil_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT TslBW_DW_g Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RLodgInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLSBSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslTyp_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSTVInc_Cmp_pct EndoLys_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT PHTslB_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT TslOpen_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla very weak 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AflavERSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslBN_Ct_branch CIMMYT HSmutSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslExer_E_1to5 PpolySev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT PpolySev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 Lowest rank CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HSmutSev_E_1to5 long 4 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCInc_Ct_plntPlot rounded 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BactSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELSen_Date_ymd ELSenD CIMMYT CIMMYT GY_FW_tha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 other CIMMYT MSVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTW_M_lbbsh Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GxE SCMVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_gPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLSSev_E_1to5 1 sparse CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to2 SCond_M_mmolm2s CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_FW_g100grn CIMMYT EturcSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 4 reddish CIMMYT ASI_Cmp_day Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ALBInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BSDMInc_Cmp_pct MCob_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSucrose_M_umolg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PUnif_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla semi-flint 2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StBorDmg_E_1to5 AbStr_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT AspERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GTrp_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla strongly pointed 6 CIMMYT BLSBSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla vigorous 2 5 very high level of blasting Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CLSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BmaySev_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StrigaPN_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MLNSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT TSCSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMJInc_Cmp_pct OvPerf_CompRank_Bl3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSVSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LSucrose_M_mgg no infestation 1 Lowest rank 3 2 sun red Gcol_CompRank_Bl3 GY_FW_kgha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 low infection TslGlAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT CSSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ShellCobW_FW_kgPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT CSmutSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SmaySev_E_pct CIMMYT GWLostWeev_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CobGlAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT Significantly (70%) damaged 4 level 3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LABA_M_ngg CIMMYT 1 white 4 not severely rolled leaves 2 yellow CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GZinc_M_ppm EWormDmg_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GmRt_CompRank_Bl3 brown 5 StenSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GMoi_Cmp_pct CIMMYT regular 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PHvst_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT CIMMYT BmaySev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonSRSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AflavERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT SilkLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CharRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT DTA Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Ant_DT_day CIMMYT AstriInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EW_M_gear strong 4 PytSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla dent 3 AspERSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Tillering_Ct_tllrplnt CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla cylindrical 3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GRArr_E_1to4 2 normal Sen_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EGrwR_Cmp_gplntday Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GNC_M_pct CIMMYT 5 other OP_M_Mpa CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Shell_Cmp_ratio Highest rank 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Shell_Cmp_pct absent 1 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TRustSev_E_1to9 2 irregular Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_Adj_g100grn CIMMYT LateWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GGlucose_M_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 ear around mid-plant DMVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 dark green StenSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AspERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT FmonSRSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BCLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT SdlngDisInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RSucrose_M_ngug high infection 7 1 absent CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GUpSSh_E_1to6 CIMMYT BSDMInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 present Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PsacchInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT cylindrical-conical 2 GProt_NIRS_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla white cap 6 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MLNSev_E_1to9 1 colorless Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSSSev_E_1to5 OA_M_Mpa CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 very poor germination (0-10%) moderate level of blasting 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BHskCovInc_E_pct CIMMYT CobNb_CompRank_Bl3 HSmutSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GWid_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EWormInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT GY_Rank_number CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EShape_E_1to3 CIMMYT MAIZE ontology AWornDmg_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_RGY_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Aflatox_M_ppb CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLng_M_mm CIMMYT WeevN_Ct_weevil CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LProline_M_ugg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 very low infection Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FusERSev_E_pct low to medium infection 4 CIMMYT GRN_Ct_rowear Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 Semi-flint, flint with a soft cap 5 purple 1 erect CIMMYT CobGlCol_E_1to3 3 pale yellow CIMMYT BmaySev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMJInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT 4 semi-dent Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT 1 hard and transparent grains CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_Adj_tha 4 purple moderately (50% ) infested 3 severe infection 9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SmaySev_E_1to9 1 white intermediate germination (30-69%) 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GAsh_NIRS_pct CIMMYT GxE ELng_M_mm Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Middle rank 2 PStand_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 semi open CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT AntAnCol_E_1to2 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EturcSev_E_pct CIMMYT 1 very vigorous GLSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EW_FW_gPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 very short CIMMYT EPo_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EWormInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BHskCovInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT CSCMSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla clean, no damage 1 SdSizUse_compRank_Bl3 strong 7 CIMMYT PLSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla pop 7 GrMark_CompRank_Bl3 colorless 1 cylindrical 1 very long 5 GOil_NIRS_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT DMSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla weak 4 primary-secondary-tertiary 3 DsTol_CompRank_Bl3 FmonERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SilkGrwR_Cmp_cmday 8 strong to very strong Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LateWiltInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT DTM Mat_DT_day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_RelChk_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EHvst_Ct_earPlot GY_CompRank_Bl3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TSCSev_E_pct CIMMYT AD Ant_Date_ymd CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DiatraeaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BusseolaInc_Ct_plntPlot 2 light purple unrolled 1 CIMMYT DMSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 flint CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SdlngDisInc_Ct_plntPlot TslSiz_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 6 medium to strong CIMMYT LSucrose_M_umolg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HSmutInc_Cmp_pct GW_Adj_g1000grn CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SLodgInc_Cmp_pct 6 orange 1 low ear position GY_DW_tha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSVSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 4 weak to medium Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BLSBSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT semi erect 2 very compact 1 CIMMYT CTMInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla medium 3 CIMMYT GGlucose_M_ugmg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 dent CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramSRInc_Ct_plntPlot good 2 mixed 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AstriInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT FgramSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla red 3 GMoi_NIRS_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla brown 4 FgramERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 5 highly susceptible, disease symptoms covering >80% EndoCol_E_1to6 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PpolySev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BwSpotSev_E_1to5 Significantly (70%) infested 4 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LAsh_NIRS_pct drooping 4 5 very strong ERInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla intermediate 3 CompLoc_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EAsp_E_1to5 CIMMYT GTex_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 soft and opaque grains 100% 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RootCapac_M_uF 8 very high infection CIMMYT CSSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_DW_g100grn CIMMYT 100KW Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTyp_E_1to11 CIMMYT PericCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 medium 2 95% 5 41-50% dead leave area NDVI_M_idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 intermediate grain hardness large 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ShellCobW_FW_gPlot Middle rank 2 FungDis_E_0to1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EturcSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT 1 excellent 5 pointed 4 round good germination (70-89%) 2 1 lax BactSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 semi horizontal no infection 1 PERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_kgPlot CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RustSev_E_1to9 2 11-20% dead leaf area DMSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PLSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT compact 2 CIMMYT UpESh_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 primary 2 grayyish white TslBlastSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 high ear position floury 1 5 highly (>80%) damaged cream 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GN_Cmp_grnplnt CIMMYT conical 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_FW_g1000grn CIMMYT conical-cylindrical 2 severely rolled leaves, undesirable 5 3 moderately (50% ) damaged 2 weak Opaque 2/QPM 9 5 severly infested 3 dense MRCVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla semi-floury (morocho), with an external layer of hard endoseprm. 2 5 brown 1 green CIMMYT GABA_M_pgg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla turgid leaves 2 GLng_CompRank_Bl3 medium 5 Semi-dent, intermediate between dent and flint but closer to dent 4 4 purple CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SilkAnCol_E_1to5 6 51-60% dead leave area 1 1-10% dead leaf area Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DiabroticaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT 3 purple highly resistant, clean no (%) infection 1 secondary 2 slightly (20%) infested 2 indented 2 9 81-90% dead leave area 9 very strong variegated 4 71-80% dead leave area 8 4 moderate to high level of blasting acronym small 3 3 dark purple excellent germination (90-100%) 1 1 no blasting intermediate 2 3 weak red 9 2 bronze 1 white 21-30% dead leaf area 3 4 yellow 8 sweet medium 2 very poor 5 3 dense 1 present medium to high infection 6 2 slightly (20%) damaged red 3 Observe fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FmonSRSev - Estimation Plant Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence DMVInc Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) incidence. Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) severity. DMVSev Plant Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Maize dwarf mosaic virus severity StBorDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by stem borer per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Standard method for cob tassel color. The anthocyanin coloration should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. CobGlCol - Estimation 1-5 Endosperm hardness scale WeevInc Grain Maize weevil incidence Maize weevil incidence Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) incidence on grain. ELLng - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf length. % GGlucose Glucose content Glucose content in the grain. Grain glucose content Grain Standard method for ear leaf weight. ELW - Measurement EWid - Measurement Meaure ear width. Chl - Measurement Measured with a portable chlorophyll meter (e.g. SPAD). Take the average measure from leaves of six alternating plants and use always leaves of similar insertion level. 1-3 Plant uniformity scale Proline content Root Proline content in the root. Root proline content RProl method_of Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Comparative ranking by farmers method Endosperm EndoProt Protein content in grain endosperm. Endosperm protein content Protein content 1-5 disease scoring scale SCMVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Grain Aflatoxin content Aflatox Aflatoxin content Grain Aflatoxins content produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Tillering Plant Tillering Number of tillers per plant. tillering Leaf Tropical rust severity Tropical rust (Physopella zeae) severity. TRustSev Tropical rust severity Ear leaf ELChl Chlorophyll content in the ear leaf. Ear leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Standard method for leaf erectness LErect - Estimation ELLng length Ear leaf Ear leaf (blade) length. Ear leaf length FmonSRInc Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence Plant Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence. SilkGrwR - Computation Standard method for silk growth rate. weight loss by maize weevil Loss of weight of the grain samples caused by weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) feeding during a given period of incubation. Grain weight loss by maize weevil Grain GWLostWeev Count the total number of ears harvested per plot/entry, excluding secondary ears that are extremely small. EHvst - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by bacterial stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. BactSRInc - Counting Gray leaf spot severity Gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) severity. GLSSev Gray leaf spot severity Leaf size Tassel size Tassel size. TslSiz Tassel Pythium stalk rot incidence PytSRInc Pythium stalk rot incidence Pythium stalk rot (Pythium spp.) incidence. Plant Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity. Ear FgramERSev Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. DW GY - Measurement Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products Banded leaf and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii) severity. BLSBSev Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Leaf Grain abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content Grain Abscisic acid content in the grain. GABA Divide the total number of Chupon plants by the total number of plants harvested. MCob - Computation growth rate Growth rate of silk. Silk Silk growth rate SilkGrwR g/plot PLSSev Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (Phaeosphaeria maydis) severity. Leaf Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity day ear/plant MSVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MSV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SilkAnCol - Estimation Standard method for silk Anthocyanin coloration. FgramERSev - Estimation Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on ears per plot based on degree of infection. TslBlastSev blasting severity Tassel Observation of blasting severity of the tassel (necrosis due to heat stress) at the time of flowering. It occurs under extreme temperatures and drought. Tassel blasting severity EDia - Measurement Measure, when applicable, ear diameter at the central part of uppermost ears of at least 20 representative plants per accession. Head smut incidence Plant HSmutInc Head smut incidence Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) incidence. Standard method for sucrose content. Sucrose - Measurement RustSev - Estimation Observe rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Root glucose content Glucose content Root Glucose content in the root. RGlucose Bacterial stalk rot incidence Plant Bacterial stalk rot (Erwinia chrysanthemi) incidence. Bacterial stalk rot incidence BactSRInc FW GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. Tar spot complex severity Tar spot complex severity TSCSev Tar spot complex (Phyllachora maydis, Monographella maydis) severity. Leaf PERSev - Estimation Observe penicillium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Shelling ratio Ear shelling ratio The ratio of grain to total ear weight. Shell Ear rolling severity Leaf LRollSev Leaf rolling severity Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. FusSRInc Fusarium stalk rot incidence Fusarium stalk rot incidence. Plant Fusarium stalk rot incidence StrigaDmg Striga damage Striga damage Damage of Striga hermonthica plants on maize plants. Plant plant/plot Divide the total number of CTM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CTMInc - Computation Standard method for ear shape EShape - Estimation Divide the total number of BSDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. BSDMInc - Computation Standard method for young leaf chlorophyll content. YLChl - Measurement Maize bushy stunt (caused by mycoplasma like organism, MLO) severity. Plant Maize bushy stunt severity Maize bushy stunt severity CSCMSev Leaf erectness Leaf Insertion angle of the leaves. LErect erectness Divide the total number of MSTV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MSTVInc - Computation 1-5 Aleurone color scale Ear Weight of mature upper ear, including cob and kernels, and at a defined moisture content, although often this is not provided. weight Ear weight EW Observe grain row arrangement in the harvested ears and rate 1-4 categorical scale. GRArr - Estimation 1-3 Cob color scale Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection. CSSSev - Estimation OA - Measurement Standard method for osmotic adjustment. Ear position ratio Plant Lodging incidence LodgInc lodging incidence Observation of lodging severity. Count the number of plants that are affected by brown stripe downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. BSDMInc - Counting Leaf Curvularia leaf spot (Curvularia spp.) severity. CLSSev Curvularia leaf spot severity Curvularia leaf spot severity weight Ear leaf ELW Weight of ear leaf (blade). Ear leaf weight 1-5 Leaf color scale Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence Plant MRCVInc Mal de rio cuarto virus (MRCV) incidence. Divide the total number of CSN damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CSmutInc - Computation 1-9 disease scoring scale Count the total number of emerged striga plants per plot. It is counted three times, 8 weeks, 10 weeks and 12 weeks after planting. StrigaPN - Counting 1-6 Endosperm color scale Common rust severity Leaf Common rust severity Severity of common rust ( Puccinia sorghi). CRustSev RootCapac Estimation of root mass at the end of the stress using an electrical capacitance meter. capacitance Root capacitance Root Observe the plants per plot with the leaves rolled. LRollSev - Estimation Compute number of ears using the formula. EN - Computation 1-5 Grain texture scale Observe common smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CSmutSev - Estimation Average of 10 consecutive grains from one row in the middle of the uppermost ear, measured with calliper. GLng - Measurement Ear leaf senescence date - Computation Record date when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Plant havested number Number of plants harvested per unit area. PHvst Plants harvested 1-2 absent-present scale Standard method for abscisic acid content. ABA - Measurement Ear shelling ratio EWormInc - Computation Divide the total number of EWDMG damaged ears by the total number of plants harvested. multiple cob incidence MCob Incidence of multiple cobs, as plants that have multiple ears arising from a single node. Plant Multiple cob incidence Use ear height and plant height data of the same plants per plot and calculate the ratio. Small values indicate low ear position; large values indicate high ear position. EPo - Computation Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height between the base of a plant to the ligule of the flag leaf, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. PHFL - Measurement GZinc - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain zinc content. Plant Common smut incidence Common smut incidence CSmutInc Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae)incidence. Date when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and record the date. Anthesis date - Estimation Grain length. length GLng Grain length Grain Anthocyanin coloration of tassel glumes excluding the bases of the glumes. Tassel glumes Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration TslGlCol Observe shape of uppermost ear. UpESh - Estimation MLNSev - Estimation Observe maize lethal necrosis severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). TslGlBAnCol - Estimation Standard method for glumes base tassel Anthocyanin coloration. GStarch Whole-grain starch content. Grain Starch content Grain starch content Standard method for whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. GVitA - Measurement Color of the aleurone. AleuCol color Aleurone color Aleurone SdlngDisInc - Counting Count the seedling that are affected by seedling diseases per plot. CT Canopy temperature. Canopy temperature Plant canopy temperature Count the number of plants that are affected by mal de rio cuarto virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRCVInc - Counting Grain number. GN Grain number Grain number OP Osmotic potential Plant A measure of the potential of water to move between regions of differing concentrations across a water-permeable membrane. osmotic potential Grain Grain marketability marketability Grain marketability refers to the commercial viability or attractiveness of a particular type of grain for sale in the agricultural market. Crazy top downy mildew incidence Crazy top (Sclerophthora macrospora) incidence. Crazy top downy mildew incidence Plant CTMInc Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) severity. Head smut severity Head smut severity HSmutSev Plant EWormDmg - Measurement Standard method for earworm damage measured in cm of feeding. 0 - no ear damage, 1 - 1 cm, + 1 for each additional cm of feeding Observe aspergillus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). AspERSev - Estimation BwSpotSev - Estimation Observe brown spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Leaf width Leaf width. LWid Leaf width ear/plot Comparative ranking by users method Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Calculated as relative grain yield agaisnst the best check in percentage. Relative to check - Computation ChiloDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by chilo per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PVig - Estimation Standard method for plant vigor PUnif - Estimation Standard method for plant uniformity Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and record fresh (field) weight. FW GY - Measurement DMSSev - Estimation Observe sorghum downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). GTrp Whole-grain Tryptophan content. Grain Grain Tryptophan content Tryptophan content Plant vigor vigor PVig Plant vigor. Plant 1-11 Grain type scale EndoCol Endosperm color Color of the endosperm. Endosperm color Anther Anthocyanin coloration AntCol Anthocyanin coloration of anthers. Anthocyanin coloration Anther EWormInc Ear Ear worm (Heliothis) incidence. Earworm incidence Earworm incidence Tassel Anthocyanin coloration TslCol Anthocyanin coloration of tassel. Tassel Anthocyanin coloration 1-5 WeevDmgInc scale Ear CSmutSev Common smut severity Common smut severity Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae) severity. Divide the total number of StenSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. StenSRInc - Computation Anthesis silking interval Plant ASI Anthesis silking interval. anthesis silking interval EarW Individual - Measurement Harvest a mature upper ear and measure its weight Days to anthesis - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and score the number of days from sowing. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and anthesis date. Observe maize busy stunt severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CSCMSev - Estimation umol/g Count the number of plants that are affected by sorghum downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMSInc - Counting Grain texture GTex texture Grain Grain texture as a measure of the variation on the intensity of a surface, quantifying properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. Maize stripe virus incidence MSTVInc Plant Maize stripe virus incidence Maize stripe virus (MSTV) incidence. CobGlAnCol - Estimation Standard method for cob tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The anthocyanin Anthocyanin colorationation should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. color Color of the stem. Stem StemCol Stem color Observe head smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). HSmutSev - Estimation GTex - Estimation Observe the variation of the intensity of a kernel/grain surface and score grain texture based on properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. DMVSev - Estimation Observe maize dwarf mosaic virus severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). EN Ear Ear number. number Ear number EWormDmg Earworm damage Ear Earworm damage Ear worm (Heliothis) damage. Endosperm hardness hardness Endosperm hardness. EndoHard Endosperm NIRS method for leaves ash content NIRS LAsh - Measurement MRCVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MRCV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. GStarch - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain starch content. GThk Grain thickness thickness Thickness of the grain. Grain Stem lodging incidence SLodgInc stem lodging incidence Plant Stem lodging incidence. The plants that show stem lodging, i.e. those stems that are broken below the ear. DMSInc - Computation Divide the total number of DMS damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. mmol /m2/s Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and maturity. Growing degree days to maturity - Computation Observe tropical severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). TRustSev - Estimation Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence Plant Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) stalk rot incidence. StenSRInc Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence Tassel exertion Tassel exertion TslExer Tassel exertion. ug/mg Ear Ear diameter Ear diameter measured at the central part of uppermost ear. diameter EDia 1-5 damage scoring scale Root lodging incidence. The plants that show root lodging, i.e. those stems that are inclining by more than 45¡. Root lodging incidence root lodging incidence RLodgInc Plant Protein content Grain protein content Grain Whole-grain protein content. GProt Observe dead leaf area per plant/plot and rate. Sen - Estimation Grain provitaminA content ProvitaminA content Whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. GVitA Grain Comparison with local Comparison with local Plant Performance of a maize variety with the local variety Leaf length. LLng Leaf length Leaf length Grain yield Grain yield per unit area, either field weight basis, dry weight basis or adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. yield Grain GY Divide the total number of ears with bad husk cover by the total number of ears harvested. BHskCovInc - Computation cm/day Rank number Ear width EWid width Ear width. Ear CharRInc - Computation Divide the total number of CharRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Cob glumes color Cob glumes Color of the cob glumes. CobGlCol color GUpSSh Grain upper surface shape Grain Shape of the upper surface of grain. upper surface shape Grain sucrose content GSucrose Sucrose content Grain Sucrose content in the grain Maize rough dwarf virus incidence Maize rough dwarf virus incidence Plant Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) incidence. MRDVInc SteWiltInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by stewart wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Use formula to calculate ear sheeling ratio. Shell - Computation DMSev - Estimation Observe downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CSmutInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by the common smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. LAsh- Measurement Standard method for leaves ash content Black bundle incidence Plant AstriInc Black bundle (Acremonium strictum) incidence. Black bundle incidence LGBDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by large grain borer per plot DTS - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants silk. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and silking date. cm Standard method for aflatoxin content. Aflatox - Measurement Grain Maize weevil number in Grain Maize weevil number WeevN The number of maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) hatching and emerging from an infested grain sample within a given period. Large values indicate susceptibility to grain weevils, small values indicate partial resistance to grain weevils. PpolySev - Estimation Observe polysora rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Observe fusarium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FusERSev - Estimation Plant PHFL Plant height from the base to the ligule of the flag leaf. height to ligule of the flag leaf Plant height to ligule of the flag leaf Normalized difference vegetation index Canopy normalized difference vegetation index. NDVI Plant normalized difference vegetation index WeevN - Counting Standard method for maize weevil number in a sample. Weevils were counted only once (at the end of a 45-d incubation period) Tassel branch number TslBN Tassel branch number Number of branches on tassel. Root Abscisic acid content Root abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content in the root. RABA TslOpen - Estimation Standard method for tassel opening g/200grain Count the number of plants that are affected by DMJ per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMJInc - Counting Sen Leaf senescence. senescence Senescence Leaf osmotic adjustment Osmotic adjustment OA Osmotic adjustment as ability of the plant to adjust the osmotic potential under stress conditions. Plant Bacterial leaf stripe (Pseudomonas rubrilinians) severity. Bacterial leaf stripe severity Bacterial leaf stripe severity Leaf BCLSSev Standard method for glumes tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The measurement should exclude the bases of the glumes. TslGlAnCol - Estimation OP - Measurement Standard method for osmotic potential. TslTyp - Estimation Standard method for tassel type. Leaf Color of the leaf. color LCol Leaf color Plant Pest tolerance Pest tolerance The hosts ability to reduce the effect of damages on its fitness regardless of the level of pest pathogen multiplication ( GProt - Computation Standard method for whole-grain protein content. % Protein = % of nitrogen x 6.25 Maydis leaf blight severity BmaySev Maydis leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis = Helminthosporium maydis) severity. Maydis leaf blight severity Leaf Count the total number of ears with bad husk cover. BHskCovInc - Counting 1-5 Tassel exertion scale Count the number of ears. EN - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by pythium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PytSRInc - Counting Count the plants that are affected by fusarium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FusSRInc - Counting Seed size for target use/market Grain Size of seeds matching demand for a use or a market size Standard method for tassel branches dry weight. TslBW - Measurement 1-5 Anthocyanin coloration scale Text Count the number of ear damage caused by earworm per plot. EWormInc - Counting HskCov - Estimation Observe the ears hask cover and rate it. Standard method for tassel exertion TslExer - Estimation Nitrogen content Grain Nitrogen content GNC Grain Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Ear aspect aspect Ear Observation of harvested ears based on some morphological and agronomical characters such as ear size, total numbers of ear harvested per plot, ear damaged caused by insects or/and diseases. EAsp Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. GW DW - Measurement Count the plants that are affected by fusarium moniliforme stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FmonSRInc - Counting Java downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis) incidence. Plant Java downy mildew incidence DMJInc Java downy mildew incidence Army worm (syn. Spodoptera exempta) damage. Plant Army worm damage AWormDmg Army worm damage Count the number of plants that are affected by stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SRInc - Counting uF RGY - Computation Relative grain yield expressed as percentage of the mean grain yield of the trial. Values above 100% indicate above-average performance; values below 100% indicate below-average performance. Observe the plant damage caused by aphids per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AphDmg - Estimation Count the number of plants that show root lodging and record data in filedbook. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. RLodgInc - Counting Rust severity Rust severity Multiple rust pathogens severity. RustSev Leaf Standard method for whole-grain iron content. GIron - Measurement Ear Ear harvested number EHvst Number of ears harvested. harvested number GAsh Grain ash content Whole-grain ash content. Grain Ash content SCond Leaf Leaf stomatal conductance Stomatal conductance Stomatal conductance ng/g SilkLng - Measurement Standard method for silk length. Charcoal rot incidence Charcoal rot incidence CharRInc Charcoal rot or (Macrophomina phaseolina) incidence. Plant Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence. FgramSRInc Plant Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence Standard method for tassel blasting. TslBlastSev - Estimation Count the number of plants that are affected by charcoal rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CharRInc - Counting husk cover Ear Ear husk cover Ear husk cover observed as degree of the husk covering the tip of the ear. HskCov Endosperm Tryptophan content Tryptophan content EndoTrp Tryptophan content in grain endosperm. Endosperm SLodgInc - Counting Count the number of plants with the stem lodged. The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. GCol - Estimation Count total number of grain rows in the ear. CobGlCol Anthocyanin coloration of cob glumes. Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration ¡C day Determine quality of endosperm such as hardness in the lab and use 1-5 to scale to score it. EndoHard - Estimation Score maize weevil damage on the plants per plot. WeevInc - Estimation SdlngDisInc - Computation Divide the total number of SeedlingDis affected plants by the total number of plants harvested. index GLys Grain Grain Lysine content Whole-grain Lysine content. Lysine content Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and record weight. If at all possible, delay harvest of maize until its moisture content is low (15-25%). EarW Dry weight - Measurement Observe the plant damage caused by Diatraea plot. DiatraeaDmg - Estimation g Busseola larvae incidence. Busseola incidence Busseola damage incidence BusseolaInc Plant Sucrose content RSucrose Root sucrose content Root Sucrose content in the root. MSVInc Plant Maize streak virus incidence Maize streak virus incidence (MSV) incidence. Maize streak virus incidence 1-4 Leaf erectness scale FusSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FusSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. EndoProt - Measurement Standard method for endosperm protein content. Tassel opening Tassel TslOpen opening Tassel angle. branching type Tassel TslTyp Tassel branching type Branching type of tassel. PHTslB - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the insertion of the first tassel branch, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. Proline - Measurement Standard method for proline content. CSCInc - Counting Count the total number of plants that are affected by corn stunt complex per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Plant SteWiltInc Stewarts wilt incidence Stewart wilt (Erwinia stewartii) incidence. Stewarts wilt incidence Divide the total number of DMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMVInc - Computation height to insertion of uppermost ear Plant Plant height from base to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear. EH Ear height yyyymmdd Observe phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). PLSSev - Estimation BCLSSev - Estimation Observe bacterial leaf stripe severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). NDVI - Measurement Optimum number of measurements: i) Vegetative stage: Weekly measurements from 2 to 6 weeks after planting; ii) Flowering: only for inbred lines. EturcSev - Estimation Observe turcicum leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Abscisic acid content in the leaf. LABA Leaf Leaf abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content mm 1-3 Ear shape scale Count the number of plants that are affected by anthracnose leaf blight per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. ALBInc - Counting BmaySev - Estimation Observe maydis leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Number of days required from seeding to grain ripening. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and maturity date. Days to maturity - Computation Count the plants that are affected by fusarium graminearum stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FgramSRInc - Counting PericCol - Estimation Observe the pericarp color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. Grain Proline content in the grain. Proline content GProline Grain proline content Plant Busseola damage BusseolaDmg Busseola damage Plant damage caused by Busseola larvae. Observation of ears with bad husk cover. BHskCovInc - Estimation AntAnCol - Estimation Standard method for tassel anthers Anthocyanin coloration. The observation should be made in the middle third of the main branch on fresh anthers. GRN Ear Grain row number Number of grain rows in the central part of the uppermost ear. grain row number Abiotic stress tolerance Plant Abiotic stress tolerance The hosts ability to reduce the effect of stress on its fitness regardless of the level of abiotic stress (flood, drought, …) applied ppb Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity. Plant Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity FmonSRSev WI - Measurement Standard method for water index. Observe the plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MSVSev - Estimation Divide the total numbers of plants with lodged stems by number of plants harvested. SLodgInc - Computation Seed weight loss was determined using the count and weight method of Gwinner et al (1996). Weight loss (%) = (Wu x Nd) - (Wd x Nu) x 100 / Wu x (Nd + Nu) where Wu=weight of the undamaged seed, Nu = number of undamaged seed, Wd = Weight of damaged seed, and Nd=Number of damaged seed. GWLostWeev - Measurement Standard method for photochemical radiation index. PRI - Measurement BLSBSev - Estimation Observe banded leaf and sheath blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). 1-5 Tassel blasting severity scale lb/plot ChiloDmg Chilo (Chilo partellus) damage. Chilo damage Plant Chilo damage Maize rayado fino virus incidence Plant Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) incidence. MRFVInc Maize rayado fino virus incidence Score the tassels based on size using 1-3 categorical scale. TslSiz - Estimation Leaf Ash content LAsh Ash content in maize leaves. Leaf ash content Striga plant number Plant number StrigaPN Number of Striga hermonthica plants. Striga Observe the aleurone color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. AleuCol - Estimation Standard method for ear growth rate. EGrwR - Computation GAsh - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain ash content pubescence Sheath pubescence Presence and intensity of hairs on the surface of the leaf sheath. ShtPub Sheath 1-5 rating scale Plant MSVSev Maize streak virus severity Maize streak virus severity Maize streak virus severity (MSV) severity. PAsp - Estimation Score the plants per plot combining several agronomical and morphological characters of plants such plant height, ear height, stem/root loading. Note: Combination of traits usually differ from one breeder to another depending on type of study. EDmg - Estimation Observe the ears damage caused by ear rot and/or insects per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Plant Diabrotica damage Diabrotica damage DiabroticaDmg Plant damage caused by Diabrotica species. Philippine downy mildew incidence Plant Philippine downy mildew incidence Philippine downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis) incidence. PDMInc Plant water index Water index A ratio between the reflectance at a water band wavelength to a nearby reference wavelength where there is no absorption due to water content variability. WI 1-3 Ear position scale Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Plant Brown stripe downy mildew (Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae) incidence. BSDMInc 1-6 Grain upper surface shape scale Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) incidence. SCMVInc Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence Plant Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. DW GY - Measurement Corn stunt incidence Plant Corn stunt complex (corn stunt spiroplasma, maize bushy stunt phytoplasma [= mycoplasma], maize rayado fino virus) incidence. Corn stunt incidence CSCInc pg/g Silking date - Estimation Observe plants carefully and record date when 50% of plants within a plot area have silks visible (female flowering date). This is determined on a daily basis by counting the number of plants with at least one silk extruded divided by the total number of plants in the plot. Stalk rot incidence SRInc Plant Stalk rot (multiple pathogens or an unidentified pathogen) incidence. Stalk rot incidence MLNSev Maize lethal necrosis severity Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) severity. Plant Maize lethal necrosis severity Observe GLS severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). GLSSev - Estimation Count the number of plants that are affected by black bundle per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AstriInc - Counting Qualitative observation of plant ideotype. In another word, it rates characteristics such as plant and ear height, uniformity of plants, disease and insect damage, and lodging. Plant aspect Plant aspect PAsp ear leaf senescence time Plant ELSen Ear leaf senescence time. Ear leaf senescence time Whole-grain zinc content. Grain zinc content GZinc Grain Zinc content EndoLys - Measurement Standard method for endosperm lysin content. Count the number of plants that are affected by maize bushy stunt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRFVInc - Counting LodgInc - Estimation Scored for severity of lodging. 1-5 Stem color scale Color of the pericarp. Pericarp color Pericarp color PericCol Proline content in the leaf. Proline content Leaf proline content LProline Leaf Maturity time Maturity time. maturity time Plant g/100grain CRustSev - Estimation Observe common rust severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CSCInc - Computation Divide the total number of CSC damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. row/ear PRI Photochemical radiation index Plant photochemical radiation index Photochemical radiation index. A canopy reflectance index indicating photosynthetic radiation use efficiency. Leaf Brown spot severity Brown spot severity Brown spot (Physoderma maydis) severity. BwSpotSev GWid - Measurement Measure on the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. Plant AphDmg Aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis) damage. Aphid damage Aphid damage Germination Grain Germination rate Germination rate is calculated by dividing the number of seeds that sprout by the total number of seeds started, and then multiplying that number by 100 to get a percentage. mg/g Dry weight basis GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. Overall performance Plant Overall performance Plants ability to thrive, adapt, and produce desired outcomes in a given environment or context. CCI type GTyp Grain Type of grain. Grain type Sugarcane downy mildew incidence PsacchInc Sugarcane downy mildew incidence Sugarcane downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sacchari) incidence. Plant tiller/plant Observe aspergillus flavus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). AflavERSev - Estimation MRDVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize rough dwarf virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. kg/plot Silk length. SilkLng length Silk Silk length ug/g ELng Ear Ear length length Ear length. Shape of uppermost ear whether cylindrical or cylindrical-conical or conical or round. UpESh shape Uppermost ear shape Uppermost ear FmonERSev - Estimation Observe fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). AflavERSev Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity. Ear Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the top of the tassel, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. PH - Measurement grain/plant Count the total number of plants harvested per plot/entry. PHvst - Counting Divide the total number of LateWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. LateWiltInc - Computation GTyp - Estimation Score the grains based on grain characters such as floury, dent per plot. ng/µg Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and 50% anthesis. Growing degree days to anthesis - Computation Mpa Seedling vigor Seedling vigor. vigor Seedling SdlngVig Plant damage caused by Diatraea species. Diatraea damage DiatraeaDmg Plant Diatraea damage Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. FW GY - Computation DiabroticaDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by Diabrotica per plot. LateWiltInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by late wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Record the date when excised kernels are longitudinally cut to expose a black internal abscission layer at the base of the kernel that signals the kernel has ceased to absorb nutrients or moisture from the mother plants. Maturity date - Estimation uniformity Plant uniformity Plant Uniformity of plants. PUnif Observe the shape of the upper surface of grain, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession, after harvest. GUpSSh - Estimation storability Grain storability refers to the ability of grains to remain viable and maintain their quality over a period of time when stored under a given condition. Grain storability Grain SmaySev - Estimation Observe stenocarpella ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Standard method for glucose content. Glucose - Measurement Stem borer damage StBorDmg Stem borer damage includes different stem borers such as Chilo partellus, Sesamia spp. and Spodoptera. Stem borer damage Plant Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Count the number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and ear leaf senescence date. Days to ear leaf senescence date - Computation Count the number plants that are damaged by busseola (african stem borer) per plot. BusseolaInc - Counting Divide the total number of HSmut damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. HSmutInc - Computation GCol - Estimation Observe color of grains. FusERSev Fusarium ear rot severity Ear Fusarium ear rot severity. Fusarium ear rot severity NIRS method for whole-grain ash content NIRS GAsh - Measurement test weight Grain test weight Grain test weight of mature kernels. Grain GTW GW FW - Measurement Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. 1-3 Tassel density scale Count the number of tillers per plant (average of more than 20 representative) plants. Tillering - Counting Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Leaf chlorophyll content. Leaf Chl NIRS method for whole-grain protein content. NIRS GProt- Measurement Growth rate of the ear(s) on a plant. It may include the sum of the apical and sub-apical ear growth from prolific plants. EGrwR Ear growth rate Ear growth rate StrigaDmg - Estimation Observe the maize plant damage caused by striga per plot. GTrp - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain tryptophan content. Ear damage EDmg Ear damage caused by ear rot and/or insects, etc. Ear Ear damage PDMInc - Computation Divide the total number of PDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SCMVInc - Computation Divide the total number of SCMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Standard germination. Standard germination Standard germination Grain StdGerm Sucrose content Leaf sucrose content Sucrose content in the leaf LSucrose Leaf Divide the total number of PytSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. PytSRInc - Computation Standard method for endosperm tryptophan content. EndoTrp - Measurement NIRS GOil - Measurement NIRS method for oil content Silk Silking time silking time Plant Silking time. AWormDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by army worms per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. 1-3 Tassel branching type scale Tassel Tassel density TslDen density Density of spikelets. grain row arrangement Grain row arrangement GRArr Ear grain rows arrangement. Ear GNC - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain Nitrogen content Ear SmaySev Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) ear rot severity. Stenocarpella ear rot severity Stenocarpella ear rot severity MSTVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize stripe virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. ppm GYRank - Computation It is calculated as the numerical position of the progeny when yields are arrenged from highest to lowest. TslBW Weight of tassel branches. Tassel branch weight Tassel branch weight Standard method for oil content GOil - Measurement EAsp - Estimation Harvest ears per plot (eliminate first and last plants to avoid border effects) and score ear aspect combining several ear-associated traits. Note: Combination of traits usually differs from one breeder to another depending on type of study. scale_of LCol - Estimation Standard method for leaf color. Weight of shelled cob. weight or yield ShellCobW Shelled cob Shelled cob weight Aspergillus ear rot severity. Aspergillus ear rot severity Aspergillus ear rot severity AspERSev Ear ShellCobW - Measurement (duplicate) Record shelled cob field weight. Adjusted GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. branch Anthesis time Anthesis time. anthesis time Ant Plant 1-4 Ear shape scale MSVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Divide the total number of plants that are root lodged due to weak soil or poorly developed anchorage roots by the total number of plants that are harvested. RLodgInc - Computation Standard method for sheath pubescence content. ShtPub - Estimation Observe the plants that are damaged by any fungal diseases. FungDis - Estimation 1-3 size scale Lysine content in grain endosperm. Lysine content EndoLys Endosperm Endosperm Lysine content GN - Computation Standard method for grain number. Grain Grain weight of mature kernels. weight Grain weight GW EH - Measurement Recommended to take 6 alternating plants per plot and measure the height between the base of a plant to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear of the same plant, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. Divide the total number of ALB damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. ALBInc - Computation Divide the total number of Psacch damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. PsacchInc - Computation 1-5 Leaf rolling severity scale Divide the total number of FgramSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. FgramSRInc - Computation Downy mildew severity Downy mildew severity DMSev Leaf Downy mildews (several species of the genera Peronosclerospora, Sclerospora, and Sclerophthora) severity. CTMInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by CTM per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Rank: 3 Grain color color Color of the grain. GCol Grain Count the number of plants that are affected by maize dwarf mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMVInc - Counting 0-10 Senescence scale DMSInc Sorghum downy mildew incidence Plant Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) incidence. Sorghum downy mildew incidence Sorghum downy mildew severity Plant Sorghum downy mildew severity Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) severity. DMSSev Large grain borer damage LGBDmg Grain Large grain borer damage Large grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) damage. Taste of the grain (after cooking? Raw?) taste Grain Grain taste Ears bad husk cover incidence. Ear bad husk cover incidence BHskCovInc bad husk cover incidence Ear Plant Late wilt (Cephalosporium maydis) incidence. LateWiltInc Late wilt incidence Late wilt incidence width Grain Grain width. Grain width GWid 1-3 density scale weevil 1-9 Anthocyanin coloration scale g/1000grain Plant stand Number of plants per unit area. Plant stand PStand Plant Corn Spiroplasma stunt severity Corn stunt spiroplasma severity Corn stunt spiroplasma severity. CSSSev Take same leaf measured for leaf length and measure mid-way along its length. LWid - Measurement GTW - Computation Standard method for grain test weight. 1-9 Grain color scale TslDen - Estimation Standard method for tassel density 0-1 absent-present scale CSucrose Sucrose content in the cob Sucrose content Cob sucrose content Cob Plant Anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola) incidence. Anthracnose leaf blight incidence ALBInc Anthracnose leaf blight incidence Ear Ear rot incidence Ear rot incidence Ear rot incidence. ERInc height to insertion of first tassel branch Plant height from the base to the insertion of the first tassel branch. Plant PHTslB Plant height to insertion of first tassel branch FmonERSev Ear Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity. Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity 1-5 Standard germination scale 1-5 Pericarp color scale Oil content GOil Whole-grain oil content. Grain oil content Grain Measured with a portable porometer. Take the measures in the middle between leaf tip and leaf base, and in between leaf midrib and leaf rim. Blade sections measured must to be exposed to sunlight for at least the 30 minutes before. Measurements always performed in the same side of the leaf (usually the lower or abaxial one). One measurement per leaf, and at least 3 per plot. 1 min per measurement. SCond - Measurement Measure, when applicable, ear length of at least 20 representative plants per accession, record the data in the fieldbook. ELng - Measurement Silk Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of stigmas. SilkCol Silk lb/bsh Leaf Polysora rust severity PpolySev Polysora rust (in lowlands Puccinia polysora) severity. Polysora rust severity StenSRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by stenocarpella stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Divide the total number of ASTRI damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. AstriInc - Computation NIRS GTrp- Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain tryptophan content. 1-4 Grain row arrangement scale Measure moisture of a grain sample using NIRS moisture analyzer. NIRS Moi - Measurement ELChl - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf chlorophyll content. 1-5 Vigor scale moisture content Grain moisture Grain Grain moisture. GMoi Ranking:3 TSCSev - Estimation Observe tarspot complex severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Count the number of plants that have more than one ear growing from the same node. MCob - Counting Seedling disease incidence. SdlngDisInc Plant Seedling disease incidence Seedling disease incidence Observe curvularia leaf spot severity on plants per plot based on the degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CLSSev - Estimation t/ha Divide the total number of BactSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. BactSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of DMJ damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMJInc - Computation Standard method for whole-grain lysin content. GLys - Measurement Compute grain weigh adjuted to 12.5% moisture. GW Adjusted - Computation MRDVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MRDV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. ERInc - Computation Divide the total number of ears that are rotten by the total number of plants that are harvested. g/plant/day EarW Field weight - Measurement Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried ears. ¡C CT - Measurement Standard method for canopy temperature. Penicillium ear rot severity Ear Penicillium ear rot severity. PERSev Penicillium ear rot severity Divide the total number of MRFV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MRFVInc - Computation Measure sample weight of grains per plot after harvest, record dry weight of the same samples and calculate grain moisture content for each sample using formula: 100*(Wt of sample - Dry Weight)/Wt of sample. GMoi - Computation Divide the total number of SRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SRInc - Computation Measure the thickness of the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. GThk - Measurement kg/ha Standard method for root capitance. RootCapac - Measurement SteWiltInc - Computation Divide the total number of SteWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. EPo - Estimation Determine ear position using 1-3 scale. Standard method for standard germination StdGerm - Estimation Plant height Plant height Plant height from the base to the top part (in reproductive stages to the top of the tassel). PH DW GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. EPo Ear position Ear position Ear position as a ratio of ear height to plant height. Count total number of plants per plot. PStand - Counting PsacchInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Observe the stem color between the two topmost ears. StemCol - Estimation Divide the total number of FmonSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. FmonSRInc - Computation Count the number of plants that are affected by head smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. HSmutInc - Counting Ear shape Ear shape EShape Ear shape Young leaf chlorophyll content YLChl Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in the young leaf. Young leaf Disease Tolerance Plant The hosts ability to reduce the effect of infection on its fitness regardless of the level of disease pathogen multiplication ( Disease tolerance LLng - Measurement Measure the leaf which subtends the uppermost ear from ligule to apex. TslAnCol - Estimation Standard method for tassel Anthocyanin coloration. Plant Fungal disease presence The trait is scored for the response to the diseases caused by several fungi. FungDis Fungal disease presence Anthocyanin coloration at base of tassel glumes. TslGlBCol Tassel glumes base Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration Tassel glumes base Count number of days from planting date to anthesis and silking to determine days to anthesis (DTA) and days to silking (DTS), respectively and determine anthesis silking interval (ASI) by calculating: ASI = DTS-DTA. ASI - Computation Count the total number of ears that damaged or/and rotten per plot. ERInc - Counting 1-5 Tassel opening scale TslBN - Counting Standard method for tassel branches number. Grain iron content Whole-grain iron content. Iron content Grain GIron Number of cobs Cob number Cob Number variable_of EndoCol - Estimation Observe the endosperm color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. Count the number of plants that are affected by philippine downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PDMInc - Counting Turcicum leaf blight severity Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum = Helminthosporium turcicum) severity. Turcicum leaf blight severity Leaf EturcSev