5 other ELng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla weak 3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PpolySev_E_pct CIMMYT 7 61-70% dead leave area 2 low to moderate level of blasting CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SCond_M_mmolm2s CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMVInc_Ct_plntPlot Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonERSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CTMInc_Cmp_pct GStarch_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SdlngDisInc_Ct_plntPlot severly infested 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_DW_g100grn 100KW CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SLodgInc_Cmp_pct straight 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslExer_E_1to5 CIMMYT FmonSRSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CharRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Tillering_Ct_tllrplnt CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GOil_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StrigaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Chl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_kgha CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramERSev_E_pct CIMMYT ELng_M_mm GxE Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SilkLng_M_cm CIMMYT BCLSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ChiloDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT FmonSRSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 11-20% dead leaf area BmaySev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot DMSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT red 3 EWid_M_mm GxE Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AspERSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CRustSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTex_E_1to5 Gcol_CompRank_Bl3 excellent 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Sen_E_pct StBorDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSSev_E_1to9 SdSizUse_compRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BLSBSev_E_1to5 1 white BactSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Lowest rank 3 EndoTrp_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LSucrose_M_mgg CIMMYT 1 white sun red 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_Adj_g100grn Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PERSev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ShellCobW_FW_gPlot CIMMYT weak 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PericCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GThk_M_mm CIMMYT hard and transparent grains 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PytSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT MLNSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MD Mat_Date_ymd CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PRI_M_idx CIMMYT DTM Mat_DT_day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EW_M_gear CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSVSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoProt_M_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DiatraeaDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AD Ant_Date_ymd CIMMYT CIMMYT GY_DW_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla moderately (50% ) damaged 3 CSSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LRollSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 100% Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EW_FW_gPlot CIMMYT StrigaPN_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EturcSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DiabroticaDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StdGerm_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 6 white cap Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LAsh_NIRS_pct CIMMYT 1000KW Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_DW_g1000grn TKW TGW Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslDen_E_1to3 CIMMYT TslBN_Ct_branch CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 absent or very weak CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EWormDmg_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonERSev_E_1to5 EGrwR_Cmp_gplntday CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PsacchInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BHskCovInc_Cmp_pct open 4 CIMMYT WeevN_Ct_weevil Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DsTol_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AflavERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT GSucrose_M_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CRustSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LLng_M_cm DTELSen Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELSen_DT_day CIMMYT CIMMYT CSucrose_M_umolg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_Rank_number CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GABA_M_ugg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SteWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla weak 4 CIMMYT RustSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 light green ShtPub_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla no blasting 1 CIMMYT HSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla highly resistant, clean no (%) infection 1 CIMMYT TSCSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FungDis_E_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EndoLys_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSTVInc_Ct_plntPlot susceptible, disease symptoms covering upto 70% 4 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PsacchInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TRustSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ALBInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PH_M_cm 3 intermediate grain hardness TSCSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GSucrose_M_umolg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LSucrose_M_umolg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT GWid_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PytSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutInc_Cmp_pct CLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Highest rank 1 BwSpotSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 9 Opaque 2/QPM CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AspERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StemCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MCob_Cmp_pct 1 lax TslGlBAnCol_E_1to2 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RustSev_E_1to5 PDMInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EDia_M_cm Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LABA_M_ngg CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BHskCovInc_E_pct CIMMYT 9 very strong FusERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BSDMInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT LateWiltInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PStand_Ct_plntPlot 4 round Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LAsh_M_pct 1 sparse desirable 3 CIMMYT GTyp_E_1to11 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HSmutInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DTS Silk_DT_day MRDVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLys_M_pct DMSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ALBInc_Ct_plntPlot TslOpen_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT PHFL_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusSRInc_Ct_plntPlot Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HSmutSev_E_pct intermediate 3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSSSev_E_pct CIMMYT EShape_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SilkAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HSmutSev_E_1to9 ear around mid-plant 2 3 primary-secondary-tertiary Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BSDMInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PLSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT GY_Adj_kgha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELChl_M_CCI CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PpolySev_E_1to5 CSCMSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoHard_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MRFVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRArr_E_1to4 3 Lowest rank Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AstriInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla NDVI_M_idx CIMMYT PHvst_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BmaySev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_kgPlot CIMMYT GLSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AstriInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT SCMVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CLSSev_E_1to5 RProl_M_ugg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla unrolled 1 CIMMYT AleuCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PERSev_E_pct CIMMYT GLng_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BactSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GZinc_M_ppm CIMMYT Ant_DT_day Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DTA Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GProline_M_mgg CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GCol_E_1to9 Highest rank 1 Sen_E_0to10 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla moderately susceptible, disease symptoms covering up to 50% 3 8 white cap 4 not severely rolled leaves Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BCLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EW_DW_kgPlot CIMMYT CSCInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramSRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EWormInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla very vigorous 1 CIMMYT SdlngDisInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla reddish 4 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutSev_E_pct CIMMYT 4 low to medium infection EN_Cmp_earplnt CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla brown 4 5 severely rolled leaves, undesirable floury 1 4 purple ELSen_Date_ymd CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELSenD semi-flint 2 CSSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SteWiltInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LCol_E_1to5 AphDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AntAnCol_E_1to2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRFVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTrp_M_pct CIMMYT attribute Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MLNSev_E_pct CIMMYT 1 very compact Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GxE GY_FW_lbPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMJInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT TslAnCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla soft and opaque grains 5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT FusERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMJInc_Cmp_pct irregular 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla WeevInc_E_1to5 CIMMYT 1 green FgramERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_RelChk_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Silk_Date_ymd SD Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GAsh_NIRS_pct CIMMYT CRustSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GAsh_M_pct GLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TRustSev_E_1to9 4 semi-soft and semi-opaque grains Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_FW_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT ELW_M_g CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ShellCobW_FW_kgPlot CIMMYT GrTast_CompRank_Bl3 5 very weak AWornDmg_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT AntAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AflavERSev_E_pct CIMMYT UpESh_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslGlBAnCol_E_1to5 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EturcSev_E_pct SilkGrwR_Cmp_cmday CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_RGY_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSev_E_pct CIMMYT LWid_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PpolySev_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GIron_M_ppm 1 regular CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMVInc_Cmp_pct RLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla low infection 3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_kgPlot indented 2 RootCapac_M_uF CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ASI_Cmp_day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PDMInc_Cmp_pct BHskCovInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GABA_M_pgg 2 present 6 strongly pointed CIMMYT PLSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EWormInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PHTslB_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SmaySev_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT 200KW GW_DW_g200grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_FW_g100grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla semi erect 2 SmaySev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LateWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslBlastSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla mottled 7 CIMMYT GY_DW_tha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla dense 3 StenSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GmRt_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT FusSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PVig_E_1to5 CIMMYT OA_M_Mpa CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AflavERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PUnif_E_1to3 CIMMYT BCLSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BmaySev_E_1to5 3 21-30% dead leaf area TslBW_DW_g CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GWLostWeev_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSTVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_Adj_g1000grn CIMMYT pop 7 51-60% dead leave area 6 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRDVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MaturityGDU Mat_Cmp_Cday Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EW_FW_kgPlot CIMMYT 3 small AnthesisGDU Ant_Cmp_Cday Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GMoi_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RSucrose_M_ngug CIMMYT LodgInc_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GProt_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla compact 2 CIMMYT GMoi_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GUpSSh_E_1to6 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslGlAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT GNC_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_FW_g1000grn CIMMYT PLSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT GW_FW_g200grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELLng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 4 purple 2 slightly (20%) damaged very high infection 8 2 intermediate Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RustSev_E_pct CIMMYT MRCVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 medium infection 6 flint semi open 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EAsp_E_1to5 CIMMYT 3 intermediate germination (30-69%) BwSpotSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LProline_M_ugg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GProt_NIRS_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRCVInc_Ct_plntPlot Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RABA_M_ngg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CLSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT BLSBSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GOil_M_pct CIMMYT 4 weak to medium CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT TRustSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SdlngVig_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ERInc_Ct_earPlot CIMMYT OvPerf_CompRank_Bl3 brown 5 CIMMYT CTMInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ERInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BwSpotSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT red 3 1 no infection 1-10% dead leaf area 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HSmutSev_E_1to5 conical 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BusseolaInc_Ct_plntPlot turgid leaves 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EPo_Cmp_ratio CIMMYT GY_FW_kgha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla no infestation 1 acronym CSCMSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 0 absent CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EH_M_cm GY_CompRank_Bl3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SmaySev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EHvst_Ct_earPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LGBDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT 1 colorless CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to9 PstTol_CompRank_Bl3 MAIZE ontology CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EturcSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT GrMark_CompRank_Bl3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GGlucose_M_ugmg CIMMYT CIMMYT CSmutSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_tha CIMMYT 4 poor semi-hard and semi-transparent grains 2 1 primary CIMMYT RLodgInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla good germination (70-89%) 2 BusseolaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonSRSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT 3 semi horizontal MSVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla red 9 DMSInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 Middle rank GTW_M_lbbsh GxE Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GVitA_M_µgg CIMMYT medium 3 purple 3 CIMMYT GLSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AWormDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT CSCMSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Shell_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslSiz_E_1to3 CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GGlucose_M_pct SRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GrStor_CompRank_Bl3 red 3 4 semi-dent medium 2 good 2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMVSev_Ct_plntPlot orange 6 5 dent 3 cylindrical Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT MLNSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 brown Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslTyp_E_1to3 CIMMYT semi-floury (morocho), with an external layer of hard endoseprm. 2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_Adj_tha 3 medium GW_Adj_g200grn CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AbStr_CompRank_Bl3 pale yellow 3 CT_M_C CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PAsp_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 orange EPo_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SCMVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT 5 medium CharRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 secondary severe infection 9 2 light purple 8 strong to very strong 3 high ear position CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LErect_E_1to4 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TSCSev_E_1to9 2 green TslGlBAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT CobGlCol_E_1to3 GRN_Ct_rowear CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Semi-flint, flint with a soft cap 5 CIMMYT AntAnCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla other 5 CompLoc_CompRank_Bl3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AspERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT mixed 3 EN_Ct_earPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Semi-dent, intermediate between dent and flint but closer to dent 4 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Shell_Cmp_ratio entity cylindrical-conical 2 normal 3 1 present Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla YLChl_M_CCI CIMMYT clean, no damage 1 5 very long medium to high infection 6 low ear position 1 pointed 5 GN_Cmp_grnplnt CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WI_M_idx Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 95% Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla OP_M_Mpa CIMMYT CSmutSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT drooping 4 very low infection 2 intermediate 3 CobGlAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT HskCov_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 dense level 3 3 dent FungDis_E_0to1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla resistant, disease symptoms covering up to 20% 2 4 rounded 4 long MatT_CompRank_BL3 1 shrunken CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Aflatox_M_ppb EndoCol_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GTrp_NIRS_pct CIMMYT CSCInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 6 medium to strong 2 yellow CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MCob_Ct_plntPlot 2 conical-cylindrical CIMMYT DMSInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla erect 1 1 cylindrical 8 sweet yellow 4 2 vigorous Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BLSBSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT 1 conical strong 4 short 2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StenSRInc_Ct_plntPlot poor germination (11-29%) 4 moderately (50% ) infested 3 absent 1 31-40% dead leaf area 4 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RGlucose_M_ngug Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT large 1 4 Significantly (70%) damaged 2 Middle rank very strong 5 very high level of blasting 5 postrate 5 moderate level of blasting 3 CobNb_CompRank_Bl3 highly susceptible, disease symptoms covering >80% 5 3 dark green very poor 5 5 purple 7 strong 5 highly (>80%) damaged 0 no dead leaf area cream 2 2 bronze 2 slightly (20%) infested moderate to high level of blasting 4 5 very poor germination (0-10%) 1 absent 1 colorless Significantly (70%) infested 4 2 normal CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusERSev_E_pct 2 grayyish white 2 very weak to weak 9 81-90% dead leave area high infection 7 flint 1 71-80% dead leave area 8 4 spiral 1 white very short 1 excellent germination (90-100%) 1 variegated 4 dark purple 3 41-50% dead leave area 5 Ear Ear diameter measured at the central part of uppermost ear. diameter EDia Ear diameter Leaf Leaf stomatal conductance SCond Stomatal conductance Stomatal conductance AflavERSev Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity. Ear Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity AntCol Anthocyanin coloration Anther Anther Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of anthers. Plant Pest tolerance The hosts ability to reduce the effect of damages on its fitness regardless of the level of pest pathogen multiplication ( Pest tolerance yyyymmdd Observe rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). RustSev - Estimation Standard method for ear shape EShape - Estimation The hosts ability to reduce the effect of stress on its fitness regardless of the level of abiotic stress (flood, drought, …) applied Plant Abiotic stress tolerance Abiotic stress tolerance cm/day Germination Grain Germination rate Germination rate is calculated by dividing the number of seeds that sprout by the total number of seeds started, and then multiplying that number by 100 to get a percentage. Grain yield GY Grain yield per unit area, either field weight basis, dry weight basis or adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. Grain yield AstriInc - Computation Divide the total number of ASTRI damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Observe fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FmonSRSev - Estimation TSCSev - Estimation Observe tarspot complex severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). % Osmotic adjustment as ability of the plant to adjust the osmotic potential under stress conditions. OA osmotic adjustment Osmotic adjustment Plant Divide the total number of MRCV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MRCVInc - Computation Lysine content Lysine content in grain endosperm. EndoLys Endosperm Endosperm Lysine content Divide the total number of CSC damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CSCInc - Computation Grain Grain type type Type of grain. GTyp g/100grain MCob - Counting Count the number of plants that have more than one ear growing from the same node. Ear Ear shelling ratio Shell The ratio of grain to total ear weight. Shelling ratio GTyp - Estimation Score the grains based on grain characters such as floury, dent per plot. CT Plant canopy temperature Canopy temperature Canopy temperature. branching type Branching type of tassel. TslTyp Tassel Tassel branching type Standard method for sheath pubescence content. ShtPub - Estimation Count the plants that are affected by fusarium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FusSRInc - Counting GStarch - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain starch content. BSDMInc - Computation Divide the total number of BSDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Bacterial stalk rot incidence Plant BactSRInc Bacterial stalk rot (Erwinia chrysanthemi) incidence. Bacterial stalk rot incidence Root lodging incidence Root lodging incidence. The plants that show root lodging, i.e. those stems that are inclining by more than 45¡. root lodging incidence Plant RLodgInc water index Plant WI A ratio between the reflectance at a water band wavelength to a nearby reference wavelength where there is no absorption due to water content variability. Water index Sen - Estimation Observe dead leaf area per plant/plot and rate. GW FW - Measurement Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. position EPo Ear position as a ratio of ear height to plant height. Ear position Ear GCol - Estimation Observe color of grains. Standard method for aflatoxin content. Aflatox - Measurement Whole-grain iron content. Grain GIron Iron content Grain iron content GW Adjusted - Computation Compute grain weigh adjuted to 12.5% moisture. Ear husk cover Ear husk cover observed as degree of the husk covering the tip of the ear. Ear husk cover HskCov Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and score the number of days from sowing. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and anthesis date. Days to anthesis - Computation Growth rate of silk. SilkGrwR Silk growth rate growth rate Silk 1-5 disease scoring scale FungDis The trait is scored for the response to the diseases caused by several fungi. Fungal disease presence Fungal disease presence Plant Ear width. EWid Ear Ear width width Observe brown spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BwSpotSev - Estimation Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) stalk rot incidence. StenSRInc Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence Plant Adjusted GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. Root glucose content Glucose content in the root. RGlucose Glucose content Root Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PsacchInc - Counting Grain length length Grain Grain length. GLng Head smut incidence HSmutInc Plant Head smut incidence Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) incidence. Standard method for standard germination StdGerm - Estimation Leaf proline content Proline content LProline Proline content in the leaf. Leaf Measured with a portable chlorophyll meter (e.g. SPAD). Take the average measure from leaves of six alternating plants and use always leaves of similar insertion level. Chl - Measurement Ear grain rows arrangement. Ear grain row arrangement GRArr Grain row arrangement Standard method for sucrose content. Sucrose - Measurement PsacchInc - Computation Divide the total number of Psacch damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Aphid damage Aphid damage Aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis) damage. Plant AphDmg Tassel density density Tassel TslDen Density of spikelets. DiatraeaDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by Diatraea plot. AflavERSev - Estimation Observe aspergillus flavus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Plant Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) incidence. Sorghum downy mildew incidence Sorghum downy mildew incidence DMSInc Standard method for proline content. Proline - Measurement CTMInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by CTM per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection. CSSSev - Estimation FW GY - Measurement Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and record fresh (field) weight. Ear SmaySev Stenocarpella ear rot severity Stenocarpella ear rot severity Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) ear rot severity. Standard method for silk Anthocyanin coloration. SilkAnCol - Estimation NIRS method for leaves ash content NIRS LAsh - Measurement Busseola damage Busseola damage Plant damage caused by Busseola larvae. BusseolaDmg Plant 1-9 disease scoring scale SLodgInc Plant stem lodging incidence Stem lodging incidence. The plants that show stem lodging, i.e. those stems that are broken below the ear. Stem lodging incidence TslOpen Tassel opening opening Tassel Tassel angle. Plant Maize streak virus severity (MSV) severity. MSVSev Maize streak virus severity Maize streak virus severity PH height Plant height from the base to the top part (in reproductive stages to the top of the tassel). Plant height Plant Grain ash content GAsh Ash content Whole-grain ash content. Grain Tryptophan content Tryptophan content in grain endosperm. EndoTrp Endosperm Tryptophan content Endosperm PAsp - Estimation Score the plants per plot combining several agronomical and morphological characters of plants such plant height, ear height, stem/root loading. Note: Combination of traits usually differ from one breeder to another depending on type of study. t/ha CT - Measurement Standard method for canopy temperature. Meaure ear width. EWid - Measurement Stewart wilt (Erwinia stewartii) incidence. SteWiltInc Plant Stewarts wilt incidence Stewarts wilt incidence 1-5 Endosperm hardness scale pubescence Presence and intensity of hairs on the surface of the leaf sheath. Sheath Sheath pubescence ShtPub grain/plant NDVI - Measurement Optimum number of measurements: i) Vegetative stage: Weekly measurements from 2 to 6 weeks after planting; ii) Flowering: only for inbred lines. weight or yield Weight of shelled cob. Shelled cob ShellCobW Shelled cob weight Grain abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content in the grain. Grain GABA Abscisic acid content cm BusseolaInc - Counting Count the number plants that are damaged by busseola (african stem borer) per plot. Plant Pythium stalk rot (Pythium spp.) incidence. PytSRInc Pythium stalk rot incidence Pythium stalk rot incidence Striga plant number StrigaPN Number of Striga hermonthica plants. Striga Plant number plant/plot PericCol - Estimation Observe the pericarp color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. Plant PRI Photochemical radiation index. A canopy reflectance index indicating photosynthetic radiation use efficiency. photochemical radiation index Photochemical radiation index Standard method for glumes base tassel Anthocyanin coloration. TslGlBAnCol - Estimation Brown spot severity Leaf Brown spot (Physoderma maydis) severity. Brown spot severity BwSpotSev Standard method for ear leaf length. ELLng - Measurement FmonSRInc Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence. Plant Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence Comparison with local Comparison with local Plant Performance of a maize variety with the local variety Divide the total number of MRDV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MRDVInc - Computation senescence Leaf senescence. Leaf Sen Senescence Standard method for earworm damage measured in cm of feeding. 0 - no ear damage, 1 - 1 cm, + 1 for each additional cm of feeding EWormDmg - Measurement 1-5 damage scoring scale Days to ear leaf senescence date - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Count the number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and ear leaf senescence date. PLSSev Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (Phaeosphaeria maydis) severity. Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity Leaf Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity 1-3 Tassel density scale Common rust severity Leaf Common rust severity CRustSev Severity of common rust ( Puccinia sorghi). Standard method for maize weevil number in a sample. Weevils were counted only once (at the end of a 45-d incubation period) WeevN - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by anthracnose leaf blight per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. ALBInc - Counting SteWiltInc - Computation Divide the total number of SteWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. 1-9 Anthocyanin coloration scale mg/g Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Comparative ranking by users method Sugarcane downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sacchari) incidence. Sugarcane downy mildew incidence Plant PsacchInc Sugarcane downy mildew incidence TslTyp - Estimation Standard method for tassel type. OP - Measurement Standard method for osmotic potential. GW DW - Measurement Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. 1-5 Vigor scale GWid - Measurement Measure on the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. LGBDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by large grain borer per plot Ear Common smut severity Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae) severity. Common smut severity CSmutSev Leaf Leaf length Leaf length. LLng length Relative to check - Computation Calculated as relative grain yield agaisnst the best check in percentage. Observe polysora rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). PpolySev - Estimation GTrp Whole-grain Tryptophan content. Tryptophan content Grain Tryptophan content Grain LCol color Leaf Color of the leaf. Leaf color branch Aflatoxin content Grain Aflatoxin content Grain Aflatoxins content produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatox Diabrotica damage DiabroticaDmg Plant damage caused by Diabrotica species. Plant Diabrotica damage Fusarium ear rot severity Fusarium ear rot severity. Fusarium ear rot severity Ear FusERSev Measure, when applicable, ear length of at least 20 representative plants per accession, record the data in the fieldbook. ELng - Measurement PRI - Measurement Standard method for photochemical radiation index. Ear Earworm damage Earworm damage EWormDmg Ear worm (Heliothis) damage. Standard method for silk growth rate. SilkGrwR - Computation AspERSev - Estimation Observe aspergillus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Chl Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Leaf chlorophyll content. Leaf Banded leaf and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii) severity. Leaf Banded leaf and sheath blight severity BLSBSev Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Seedling disease incidence SdlngDisInc Seedling disease incidence Plant Seedling disease incidence. GZinc - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain zinc content. Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. DW GY - Measurement Bacterial leaf stripe severity Leaf BCLSSev Bacterial leaf stripe severity Bacterial leaf stripe (Pseudomonas rubrilinians) severity. Endosperm hardness Endosperm hardness EndoHard Endosperm hardness. EndoHard - Estimation Determine quality of endosperm such as hardness in the lab and use 1-5 to scale to score it. Zinc content GZinc Whole-grain zinc content. Grain zinc content Grain ERInc - Counting Count the total number of ears that damaged or/and rotten per plot. ppm Observe the plants that are damaged by any fungal diseases. FungDis - Estimation Divide the total number of CSN damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CSmutInc - Computation EndoCol - Estimation Observe the endosperm color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. Tillering Plant Tillering tillering Number of tillers per plant. Maize lethal necrosis severity MLNSev Plant Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) severity. Maize lethal necrosis severity Multiple rust pathogens severity. Leaf Rust severity RustSev Rust severity Standard method for tassel density TslDen - Estimation Brown stripe downy mildew (Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae) incidence. Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Brown stripe downy mildew incidence BSDMInc Plant ear leaf senescence time Plant Ear leaf senescence time. ELSen Ear leaf senescence time Number of ears harvested. harvested number EHvst Ear harvested number Ear GWid Grain width. width Grain width Grain SCond - Measurement Measured with a portable porometer. Take the measures in the middle between leaf tip and leaf base, and in between leaf midrib and leaf rim. Blade sections measured must to be exposed to sunlight for at least the 30 minutes before. Measurements always performed in the same side of the leaf (usually the lower or abaxial one). One measurement per leaf, and at least 3 per plot. 1 min per measurement. Grain texture Grain texture GTex Grain texture as a measure of the variation on the intensity of a surface, quantifying properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. CLSSev - Estimation Observe curvularia leaf spot severity on plants per plot based on the degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Plant Java downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis) incidence. DMJInc Java downy mildew incidence Java downy mildew incidence Grain Protein content GProt Grain protein content Whole-grain protein content. g/plot GWLostWeev - Measurement Seed weight loss was determined using the count and weight method of Gwinner et al (1996). Weight loss (%) = (Wu x Nd) - (Wd x Nu) x 100 / Wu x (Nd + Nu) where Wu=weight of the undamaged seed, Nu = number of undamaged seed, Wd = Weight of damaged seed, and Nd=Number of damaged seed. FusSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FusSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Divide the total number of SRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SRInc - Computation Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity FmonERSev Ear Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity. ear/plot CCI DW GY - Measurement Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. EN - Counting Count the number of ears. Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the top of the tassel, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. PH - Measurement day Plant CSCInc Corn stunt incidence Corn stunt incidence Corn stunt complex (corn stunt spiroplasma, maize bushy stunt phytoplasma [= mycoplasma], maize rayado fino virus) incidence. DMSev - Estimation Observe downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Anthesis date - Estimation Date when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and record the date. width LWid Leaf width. Leaf width Leaf Observe the plant damage caused by aphids per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AphDmg - Estimation GRN Number of grain rows in the central part of the uppermost ear. grain row number Grain row number Ear g/200grain mmol /m2/s g/1000grain TslExer - Estimation Standard method for tassel exertion Tassel glumes base Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration at base of tassel glumes. TslGlBCol Tassel glumes base Anthocyanin coloration Observe maize busy stunt severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CSCMSev - Estimation Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence Plant MRCVInc Mal de rio cuarto virus (MRCV) incidence. Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence FW GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. LRollSev rolling severity Leaf Leaf rolling severity Count the number of plants that are affected by black bundle per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AstriInc - Counting CharRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by charcoal rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PHvst - Counting Count the total number of plants harvested per plot/entry. Leaf Abscisic acid content LABA Leaf abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content in the leaf. FmonERSev - Estimation Observe fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DW GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. CobGlCol Anthocyanin coloration Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration of cob glumes. Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration Ear EN number Ear number. Ear number Army worm damage AWormDmg Army worm (syn. Spodoptera exempta) damage. Army worm damage Plant Osmotic potential Plant osmotic potential OP A measure of the potential of water to move between regions of differing concentrations across a water-permeable membrane. StrigaPN - Counting Count the total number of emerged striga plants per plot. It is counted three times, 8 weeks, 10 weeks and 12 weeks after planting. Silk silking time Plant Silking time Silking time. ng/µg 1-5 Anthocyanin coloration scale PHFL - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height between the base of a plant to the ligule of the flag leaf, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. Endosperm Endosperm color color EndoCol Color of the endosperm. Count the number of plants that are affected by maize rough dwarf virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRDVInc - Counting MSTVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize stripe virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PDMInc - Computation Divide the total number of PDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Observe fusarium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FusERSev - Estimation BHskCovInc - Computation Divide the total number of ears with bad husk cover by the total number of ears harvested. Chilo damage Chilo damage ChiloDmg Chilo (Chilo partellus) damage. Plant color Grain GCol Color of the grain. Grain color umol/g Curvularia leaf spot severity Leaf Curvularia leaf spot severity CLSSev Curvularia leaf spot (Curvularia spp.) severity. maturity time Maturity time. Maturity time Plant Standard method for leaves ash content LAsh- Measurement BmaySev - Estimation Observe maydis leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Shell - Computation Use formula to calculate ear sheeling ratio. ASI - Computation Count number of days from planting date to anthesis and silking to determine days to anthesis (DTA) and days to silking (DTS), respectively and determine anthesis silking interval (ASI) by calculating: ASI = DTS-DTA. Grain marketability Grain marketability Grain marketability refers to the commercial viability or attractiveness of a particular type of grain for sale in the agricultural market. EGrwR - Computation Standard method for ear growth rate. Whole-grain Lysine content. GLys Grain Lysine content Grain Lysine content Observe sorghum downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMSSev - Estimation ug/g Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Grain Nitrogen content GNC Grain Nitrogen content Grain glucose content Glucose content Grain GGlucose Glucose content in the grain. Grain storability refers to the ability of grains to remain viable and maintain their quality over a period of time when stored under a given condition. Grain storability storability Grain Maydis leaf blight severity Maydis leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis = Helminthosporium maydis) severity. Leaf Maydis leaf blight severity BmaySev Endosperm protein content EndoProt Protein content Protein content in grain endosperm. Endosperm 1-3 Plant uniformity scale Tassel glumes Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration TslGlCol Anthocyanin coloration of tassel glumes excluding the bases of the glumes. Common smut incidence CSmutInc Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae)incidence. Common smut incidence Plant Measure sample weight of grains per plot after harvest, record dry weight of the same samples and calculate grain moisture content for each sample using formula: 100*(Wt of sample - Dry Weight)/Wt of sample. GMoi - Computation Relative grain yield expressed as percentage of the mean grain yield of the trial. Values above 100% indicate above-average performance; values below 100% indicate below-average performance. RGY - Computation WeevInc - Estimation Score maize weevil damage on the plants per plot. Charcoal rot or (Macrophomina phaseolina) incidence. Plant CharRInc Charcoal rot incidence Charcoal rot incidence Size of seeds matching demand for a use or a market Grain size Seed size for target use/market DMSInc - Computation Divide the total number of DMS damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Observe the variation of the intensity of a kernel/grain surface and score grain texture based on properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. GTex - Estimation ShellCobW - Measurement (duplicate) Record shelled cob field weight. ABA - Measurement Standard method for abscisic acid content. Plant Late wilt incidence Late wilt incidence LateWiltInc Late wilt (Cephalosporium maydis) incidence. Root Estimation of root mass at the end of the stress using an electrical capacitance meter. Root capacitance RootCapac capacitance Large grain borer damage LGBDmg Grain Large grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) damage. Large grain borer damage Maize streak virus incidence Plant Maize streak virus incidence MSVInc Maize streak virus incidence (MSV) incidence. color Color of the pericarp. PericCol Pericarp Pericarp color Leaf Insertion angle of the leaves. LErect Leaf erectness erectness Downy mildew severity Downy mildews (several species of the genera Peronosclerospora, Sclerospora, and Sclerophthora) severity. Leaf Downy mildew severity DMSev Divide the total number of MRFV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MRFVInc - Computation Grain moisture. Grain GMoi Grain moisture moisture content Plant SRInc Stalk rot (multiple pathogens or an unidentified pathogen) incidence. Stalk rot incidence Stalk rot incidence Measure the thickness of the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. GThk - Measurement Leaf Gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) severity. GLSSev Gray leaf spot severity Gray leaf spot severity CobGlAnCol - Estimation Standard method for cob tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The anthocyanin Anthocyanin colorationation should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. Maize weevil number in Grain Maize weevil number The number of maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) hatching and emerging from an infested grain sample within a given period. Large values indicate susceptibility to grain weevils, small values indicate partial resistance to grain weevils. Grain WeevN Divide the total number of MSTV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MSTVInc - Computation SLodgInc - Counting Count the number of plants with the stem lodged. The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. LLng - Measurement Measure the leaf which subtends the uppermost ear from ligule to apex. Number Number of cobs Cob number Cob Grain taste taste Grain Taste of the grain (after cooking? Raw?) Ear position ratio SCMVInc - Computation Divide the total number of SCMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Busseola damage incidence BusseolaInc Plant Busseola incidence Busseola larvae incidence. PHTslB - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the insertion of the first tassel branch, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. Observe maize lethal necrosis severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). MLNSev - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by Diabrotica per plot. DiabroticaDmg - Estimation 1-6 Grain upper surface shape scale ppb Standard method for osmotic adjustment. OA - Measurement Striga damage Striga damage Plant Damage of Striga hermonthica plants on maize plants. StrigaDmg Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity. Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity FgramERSev Ear Observe the maize plant damage caused by striga per plot. StrigaDmg - Estimation LodgInc - Estimation Scored for severity of lodging. EturcSev - Estimation Observe turcicum leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). MRCVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by mal de rio cuarto virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. EWormInc - Counting Count the number of ear damage caused by earworm per plot. PERSev Ear Penicillium ear rot severity Penicillium ear rot severity. Penicillium ear rot severity Plant Plant vigor. Plant vigor vigor PVig Maize weevil incidence Grain Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) incidence on grain. WeevInc Maize weevil incidence Leaf Turcicum leaf blight severity Turcicum leaf blight severity EturcSev Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum = Helminthosporium turcicum) severity. NIRS GTrp- Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain tryptophan content. Count the number of plants that are affected by brown stripe downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. BSDMInc - Counting length ELLng Ear leaf Ear leaf (blade) length. Ear leaf length Grain number GN Grain number Grain number. Plant Number of plants per unit area. PStand Plant stand stand Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and record weight. If at all possible, delay harvest of maize until its moisture content is low (15-25%). EarW Dry weight - Measurement Count the number of plants that are affected by the common smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CSmutInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by stenocarpella stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. StenSRInc - Counting Standard method for ear leaf chlorophyll content. ELChl - Measurement Grain Grain weight loss by maize weevil GWLostWeev weight loss by maize weevil Loss of weight of the grain samples caused by weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) feeding during a given period of incubation. uF ng/g lb/plot AleuCol - Estimation Observe the aleurone color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. MSVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Standard method for leaf erectness LErect - Estimation 1-2 absent-present scale Aspergillus ear rot severity Ear AspERSev Aspergillus ear rot severity. Aspergillus ear rot severity Plant Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence. Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence FgramSRInc Ear growth rate Ear Growth rate of the ear(s) on a plant. It may include the sum of the apical and sub-apical ear growth from prolific plants. EGrwR growth rate 1-5 rating scale Rank: 3 Plant Black bundle incidence Black bundle (Acremonium strictum) incidence. Black bundle incidence AstriInc Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence DMVInc Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) incidence. Plant Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence CSCInc - Counting Count the total number of plants that are affected by corn stunt complex per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Ear Ear rot incidence. ERInc Ear rot incidence Ear rot incidence ELChl Chlorophyll content Ear leaf chlorophyll content Ear leaf Chlorophyll content in the ear leaf. tiller/plant AntAnCol - Estimation Standard method for tassel anthers Anthocyanin coloration. The observation should be made in the middle third of the main branch on fresh anthers. StBorDmg Stem borer damage Stem borer damage includes different stem borers such as Chilo partellus, Sesamia spp. and Spodoptera. Plant Stem borer damage Divide the total number of ALB damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. ALBInc - Computation GTrp - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain tryptophan content. Tassel branch number number Tassel branch TslBN Number of branches on tassel. Grain upper surface shape upper surface shape Grain Shape of the upper surface of grain. GUpSSh Divide the total number of PytSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. PytSRInc - Computation Standard method for endosperm protein content. EndoProt - Measurement Ear length ELng length Ear length. Ear Count the number of plants that are affected by pythium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PytSRInc - Counting YLChl Young leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Young leaf Chlorophyll content in the young leaf. 1-5 Grain texture scale Grain thickness thickness Grain Thickness of the grain. GThk Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried ears. EarW Field weight - Measurement MSVSev - Estimation Observe the plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Plant Crazy top downy mildew incidence Crazy top (Sclerophthora macrospora) incidence. CTMInc Crazy top downy mildew incidence Plant DMSSev Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) severity. Sorghum downy mildew severity Sorghum downy mildew severity BCLSSev - Estimation Observe bacterial leaf stripe severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). WI - Measurement Standard method for water index. RABA Abscisic acid content in the root. Root abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content Root Standard method for endosperm tryptophan content. EndoTrp - Measurement lb/bsh GIron - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain iron content. Glucose - Measurement Standard method for glucose content. Divide the total number of CTM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CTMInc - Computation Root sucrose content Root Sucrose content Sucrose content in the root. RSucrose Grain oil content Whole-grain oil content. Oil content Grain GOil 1-11 Grain type scale Plant Anthesis time anthesis time Ant Anthesis time. Grain Grain starch content Starch content GStarch Whole-grain starch content. normalized difference vegetation index Plant NDVI Normalized difference vegetation index Canopy normalized difference vegetation index. Divide the total number of FgramSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. FgramSRInc - Computation mm 1-3 Tassel branching type scale Grain weight GW Grain weight of mature kernels. weight Grain Measure moisture of a grain sample using NIRS moisture analyzer. NIRS Moi - Measurement EWormInc - Computation Divide the total number of EWDMG damaged ears by the total number of plants harvested. 1-5 Tassel exertion scale Seedling vigor Seedling vigor. vigor Seedling SdlngVig PHTslB Plant height from the base to the insertion of the first tassel branch. Plant Plant height to insertion of first tassel branch height to insertion of first tassel branch Plant Observation of lodging severity. lodging incidence Lodging incidence LodgInc HSmutSev - Estimation Observe head smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). TslAnCol - Estimation Standard method for tassel Anthocyanin coloration. ug/mg Observe common rust severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CRustSev - Estimation row/ear Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) incidence. Plant MRDVInc Maize rough dwarf virus incidence Maize rough dwarf virus incidence UpESh Uppermost ear shape Uppermost ear shape Shape of uppermost ear whether cylindrical or cylindrical-conical or conical or round. Grain test weight Grain Grain test weight of mature kernels. test weight GTW LCol - Estimation Standard method for leaf color. YLChl - Measurement Standard method for young leaf chlorophyll content. EH - Measurement Recommended to take 6 alternating plants per plot and measure the height between the base of a plant to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear of the same plant, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. Anthocyanin coloration TslCol Tassel Tassel Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of tassel. Observe common smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CSmutSev - Estimation Ear bad husk cover incidence Ear bad husk cover incidence BHskCovInc Ears bad husk cover incidence. Observe the stem color between the two topmost ears. StemCol - Estimation Count the number of tillers per plant (average of more than 20 representative) plants. Tillering - Counting Color of the cob glumes. CobGlCol Cob glumes Cob glumes color color BHskCovInc - Estimation Observation of ears with bad husk cover. ¡C EndoLys - Measurement Standard method for endosperm lysin content. Observe stenocarpella ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). SmaySev - Estimation Philippine downy mildew incidence Philippine downy mildew incidence Philippine downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis) incidence. PDMInc Plant 1-5 Leaf color scale Observe phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). PLSSev - Estimation Record date when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Ear leaf senescence date - Computation Count the number of plants that are affected by maize dwarf mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMVInc - Counting Grain GVitA Whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. Grain provitaminA content ProvitaminA content SilkLng - Measurement Standard method for silk length. Harvest a mature upper ear and measure its weight EarW Individual - Measurement Days to maturity - Computation Number of days required from seeding to grain ripening. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and maturity date. HskCov - Estimation Observe the ears hask cover and rate it. Ear weight Ear weight Weight of mature upper ear, including cob and kernels, and at a defined moisture content, although often this is not provided. EW Earworm incidence EWormInc Ear worm (Heliothis) incidence. Ear Earworm incidence 1-5 WeevDmgInc scale Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants silk. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and silking date. DTS - Computation Proline content Root Proline content in the root. Root proline content RProl Standard method for whole-grain Nitrogen content GNC - Measurement Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and maturity. Growing degree days to maturity - Computation It is calculated as the numerical position of the progeny when yields are arrenged from highest to lowest. GYRank - Computation Sucrose content in the leaf Sucrose content Leaf Leaf sucrose content LSucrose ear/plant Divide the total number of DMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMVInc - Computation FmonSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FmonSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Count the number of plants that are affected by philippine downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PDMInc - Counting 1-3 Cob color scale Tassel TslExer Tassel exertion. exertion Tassel exertion EDmg - Estimation Observe the ears damage caused by ear rot and/or insects per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. BactSRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by bacterial stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. kg/plot Plant uniformity PUnif Plant uniformity Uniformity of plants. Leaf ash content Leaf Ash content Ash content in maize leaves. LAsh Plant PHFL Plant height from the base to the ligule of the flag leaf. Plant height to ligule of the flag leaf height to ligule of the flag leaf GCol - Estimation Count total number of grain rows in the ear. EDmg Ear Ear damage Ear damage Ear damage caused by ear rot and/or insects, etc. Color of the stem. StemCol Stem Stem color color EHvst - Counting Count the total number of ears harvested per plot/entry, excluding secondary ears that are extremely small. 1-4 Ear shape scale Divide the total number of CharRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CharRInc - Computation Divide the total number of HSmut damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. HSmutInc - Computation Observe the plant damage caused by stem borer per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. StBorDmg - Estimation Observe tropical severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). TRustSev - Estimation Text Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on ears per plot based on degree of infection. FgramERSev - Estimation StdGerm Standard germination Standard germination Standard germination. Grain SdlngDisInc - Computation Divide the total number of SeedlingDis affected plants by the total number of plants harvested. PERSev - Estimation Observe penicillium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). 1-3 density scale anthesis silking interval Plant Anthesis silking interval. ASI Anthesis silking interval BHskCovInc - Counting Count the total number of ears with bad husk cover. MCob Incidence of multiple cobs, as plants that have multiple ears arising from a single node. Plant multiple cob incidence Multiple cob incidence Tassel blasting severity Tassel blasting severity Observation of blasting severity of the tassel (necrosis due to heat stress) at the time of flowering. It occurs under extreme temperatures and drought. TslBlastSev Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) incidence. Plant Maize rayado fino virus incidence MRFVInc Maize rayado fino virus incidence CobGlCol - Estimation Standard method for cob tassel color. The anthocyanin coloration should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. EN - Computation Compute number of ears using the formula. 1-5 Aleurone color scale BactSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of BactSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Standard method for tassel branches dry weight. TslBW - Measurement Standard method for plant vigor PVig - Estimation 0-1 absent-present scale ChiloDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by chilo per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. TslBN - Counting Standard method for tassel branches number. NIRS method for whole-grain protein content. NIRS GProt- Measurement GLys - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain lysin content. Plant PAsp Qualitative observation of plant ideotype. In another word, it rates characteristics such as plant and ear height, uniformity of plants, disease and insect damage, and lodging. Plant aspect aspect RLodgInc - Computation Divide the total number of plants that are root lodged due to weak soil or poorly developed anchorage roots by the total number of plants that are harvested. size TslSiz Tassel Tassel size Tassel size. Tar spot complex severity Tar spot complex severity Tar spot complex (Phyllachora maydis, Monographella maydis) severity. Leaf TSCSev g 1-5 Leaf rolling severity scale kg/ha 0-10 Senescence scale Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. FW GY - Computation height to insertion of uppermost ear EH Ear height Plant Plant height from base to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear. CSSSev Corn stunt spiroplasma severity. Plant Corn Spiroplasma stunt severity Corn stunt spiroplasma severity DMVSev - Estimation Observe maize dwarf mosaic virus severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Polysora rust severity Polysora rust (in lowlands Puccinia polysora) severity. Leaf Polysora rust severity PpolySev RLodgInc - Counting Count the number of plants that show root lodging and record data in filedbook. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Observe shape of uppermost ear. UpESh - Estimation Fusarium stalk rot incidence Fusarium stalk rot incidence Fusarium stalk rot incidence. Plant FusSRInc TslBlastSev - Estimation Standard method for tassel blasting. Grain proline content Proline content in the grain. GProline Proline content Grain StenSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of StenSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Standard method for grain number. GN - Computation Standard method for tassel opening TslOpen - Estimation SteWiltInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by stewart wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. 1-5 Tassel blasting severity scale Sucrose content in the cob Sucrose content Cob CSucrose Cob sucrose content LateWiltInc - Computation Divide the total number of LateWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Count the number of plants that are affected by maize bushy stunt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRFVInc - Counting Rank number ALBInc Anthracnose leaf blight incidence Anthracnose leaf blight incidence Anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola) incidence. Plant Ranking:3 1-6 Endosperm color scale 1-5 Tassel opening scale AleuCol Color of the aleurone. Aleurone color Aleurone color Sucrose content Grain Grain sucrose content GSucrose Sucrose content in the grain Average of 10 consecutive grains from one row in the middle of the uppermost ear, measured with calliper. GLng - Measurement Take same leaf measured for leaf length and measure mid-way along its length. LWid - Measurement ELW - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf weight. Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity FmonSRSev Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity. Plant ¡C day Observe the shape of the upper surface of grain, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession, after harvest. GUpSSh - Estimation Plant damage caused by Diatraea species. Plant Diatraea damage DiatraeaDmg Diatraea damage Ear aspect Observation of harvested ears based on some morphological and agronomical characters such as ear size, total numbers of ear harvested per plot, ear damaged caused by insects or/and diseases. aspect Ear EAsp Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and 50% anthesis. Growing degree days to anthesis - Computation Observe GLS severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). GLSSev - Estimation Use ear height and plant height data of the same plants per plot and calculate the ratio. Small values indicate low ear position; large values indicate high ear position. EPo - Computation TslGlAnCol - Estimation Standard method for glumes tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The measurement should exclude the bases of the glumes. LRollSev - Estimation Observe the plants per plot with the leaves rolled. FgramSRInc - Counting Count the plants that are affected by fusarium graminearum stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. EShape Ear shape shape Ear Ear shape DMVSev Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) severity. Maize dwarf mosaic virus severity Plant index GProt - Computation Standard method for whole-grain protein content. % Protein = % of nitrogen x 6.25 Dry weight basis GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. 1-4 Leaf erectness scale Divide the total number of ears that are rotten by the total number of plants that are harvested. ERInc - Computation Anthocyanin coloration of stigmas. Silk Anthocyanin coloration SilkCol Silk Anthocyanin coloration 1-5 Stem color scale pg/g Standard method for plant uniformity PUnif - Estimation SCMVInc Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) incidence. Plant Plant Maize stripe virus incidence Maize stripe virus (MSTV) incidence. Maize stripe virus incidence MSTVInc Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Comparative ranking by farmers method Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SCMVInc - Counting 1-4 Grain row arrangement scale Count the number of plants that are affected by sorghum downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMSInc - Counting Head smut severity Head smut severity Plant Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) severity. HSmutSev Standard method for grain test weight. GTW - Computation PHvst havested number Plants harvested Number of plants harvested per unit area. Plant Count the plants that are affected by fusarium moniliforme stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FmonSRInc - Counting 1-5 Standard germination scale Score the tassels based on size using 1-3 categorical scale. TslSiz - Estimation Tropical rust (Physopella zeae) severity. Tropical rust severity Tropical rust severity Leaf TRustSev Silk length Silk length. SilkLng length Silk MSVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MSV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Observe banded leaf and sheath blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BLSBSev - Estimation SRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Disease Tolerance The hosts ability to reduce the effect of infection on its fitness regardless of the level of disease pathogen multiplication ( Plant Disease tolerance DMJInc - Computation Divide the total number of DMJ damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Record the date when excised kernels are longitudinally cut to expose a black internal abscission layer at the base of the kernel that signals the kernel has ceased to absorb nutrients or moisture from the mother plants. Maturity date - Estimation EAsp - Estimation Harvest ears per plot (eliminate first and last plants to avoid border effects) and score ear aspect combining several ear-associated traits. Note: Combination of traits usually differs from one breeder to another depending on type of study. g/plant/day Ear shelling ratio GAsh - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain ash content Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Tassel branch weight Tassel branch Weight of tassel branches. weight TslBW 1-3 size scale Maize bushy stunt severity CSCMSev Maize bushy stunt severity Plant Maize bushy stunt (caused by mycoplasma like organism, MLO) severity. Count the number of plants that are affected by late wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. LateWiltInc - Counting EPo - Estimation Determine ear position using 1-3 scale. Mpa 1-9 Grain color scale Silking date - Estimation Observe plants carefully and record date when 50% of plants within a plot area have silks visible (female flowering date). This is determined on a daily basis by counting the number of plants with at least one silk extruded divided by the total number of plants in the plot. GRArr - Estimation Observe grain row arrangement in the harvested ears and rate 1-4 categorical scale. Ear leaf weight Weight of ear leaf (blade). weight Ear leaf ELW HSmutInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by head smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SLodgInc - Computation Divide the total numbers of plants with lodged stems by number of plants harvested. Count the number of plants that are affected by DMJ per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMJInc - Counting Overall performance Plant Plants ability to thrive, adapt, and produce desired outcomes in a given environment or context. Overall performance method_of scale_of SdlngDisInc - Counting Count the seedling that are affected by seedling diseases per plot. Standard method for root capitance. RootCapac - Measurement EDia - Measurement Measure, when applicable, ear diameter at the central part of uppermost ears of at least 20 representative plants per accession. weevil MCob - Computation Divide the total number of Chupon plants by the total number of plants harvested. NIRS method for whole-grain ash content NIRS GAsh - Measurement PStand - Counting Count total number of plants per plot. 1-5 Pericarp color scale Standard method for oil content GOil - Measurement 1-3 Ear shape scale NIRS method for oil content NIRS GOil - Measurement GVitA - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. AWormDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by army worms per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. 1-3 Ear position scale variable_of