CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CLSSev_E_pct SLodgInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PVig_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 small CobNb_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT AleuCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PDMInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EW_FW_kgPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RLodgInc_Cmp_pct GLng_CompRank_Bl3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT GW_DW_g200grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 200KW CIMMYT 5 purple GUpSSh_E_1to6 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla flint 6 CIMMYT GLSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 light green CSSSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_Adj_kgha 3 desirable CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BSDMInc_Cmp_pct 9 severe infection 2 light purple CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LLng_M_cm SdSizUse_compRank_Bl3 GY_Adj_tha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla sweet 8 TRustSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT ERInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_kgha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BHskCovInc_Cmp_pct StemCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SilkAnCol_E_1to5 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT 8 strong to very strong TslGlAnCol_E_1to2 CIMMYT BwSpotSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRCVInc_Cmp_pct SCMVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EW_FW_gPlot CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AspERSev_E_pct GLys_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TSCSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CRustSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SmaySev_E_1to5 CIMMYT secondary 2 ELSen_DT_day DTELSen CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 low ear position Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HSmutSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GThk_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELLng_M_cm very weak 5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSTVInc_Cmp_pct LCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GSucrose_M_umolg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_Adj_g200grn CIMMYT 3 conical CIMMYT LodgInc_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BCLSSev_E_1to5 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GxE GY_FW_lbPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMVSev_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CharRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT FgramSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_tha AbStr_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT SdlngDisInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla regular 1 CIMMYT CSCMSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla absent 1 CIMMYT GMoi_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LRollSev_E_1to5 FusERSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla OP_M_Mpa CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GrMark_CompRank_Bl3 GmRt_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ShellCobW_FW_gPlot TRustSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot EW_DW_kgPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EPo_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BHskCovInc_Ct_plntPlot GRN_Ct_rowear CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRI_M_idx RGlucose_M_ngug CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WI_M_idx Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla YLChl_M_CCI CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ALBInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LWid_M_cm brown 5 SmaySev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StdGerm_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT EN_Ct_earPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MD CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Mat_Date_ymd HSmutInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT strong 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EWormInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT EGrwR_Cmp_gplntday Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla grayyish white 2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRDVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoLys_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ShellCobW_FW_kgPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PytSRInc_Cmp_pct CobGlCol_E_1to3 CIMMYT very poor germination (0-10%) 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PUnif_E_1to3 RustSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BactSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BCLSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoCol_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GTrp_M_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GABA_M_pgg DMJInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Silk_DT_day DTS Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTyp_E_1to11 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AWormDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMVInc_Ct_plntPlot SteWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla weak to medium 4 2 green strong 7 GIron_M_ppm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRFVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 postrate Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MRDVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT GAsh_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMJInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT BLSBSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_RGY_pct EShape_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MLNSev_E_1to9 TslSiz_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_kgha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RABA_M_ngg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT CSCInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_DW_g1000grn TKW CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1000KW TGW TslGlBAnCol_E_1to2 CIMMYT TslOpen_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AntAnCol_E_1to2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MRFVInc_Cmp_pct GWid_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PLSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslBW_DW_g CharRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ear around mid-plant 2 SdlngDisInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT straight 3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_kgPlot DsTol_CompRank_Bl3 GWLostWeev_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SilkGrwR_Cmp_cmday CIMMYT GGlucose_M_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EturcSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Highest rank 1 good germination (70-89%) 2 BwSpotSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 95% CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GRArr_E_1to4 AspERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GVitA_M_µgg CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AstriInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT BmaySev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonSRSev_E_1to5 BactSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 colorless PH_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ChiloDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EturcSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 31-40% dead leaf area 4 CIMMYT AstriInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 green CIMMYT MSVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSInc_Ct_plntPlot very vigorous 1 CIMMYT CSCMSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CRustSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslTyp_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT AphDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 sparse Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT EWormDmg_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSev_E_1to5 11-20% dead leaf area 2 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PLSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GStarch_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_RelChk_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonSRSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SmaySev_E_1to9 red 9 BusseolaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PStand_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTex_E_1to5 CIMMYT excellent 1 severely rolled leaves, undesirable 5 RSucrose_M_ngug CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ELW_M_g FmonERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Aflatox_M_ppb CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LateWiltInc_Cmp_pct GCol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT CT_M_C Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CLSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EN_Cmp_earplnt Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT UpESh_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WeevInc_E_1to5 AntAnCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BCLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GZinc_M_ppm FmonSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 highly resistant, clean no (%) infection CIMMYT DMSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 cylindrical-conical large 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CLSSev_E_1to5 EndoHard_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GOil_NIRS_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Shell_Cmp_ratio Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LAsh_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla OA_M_Mpa CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FungDis_E_text brown 4 GxE EWid_M_mm Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Opaque 2/QPM 9 GABA_M_ugg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Shell_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla dent 5 moderate to high level of blasting 4 LSucrose_M_mgg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Chl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla dense 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EAsp_E_1to5 CIMMYT Mat_DT_day Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DTM CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MLNSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BHskCovInc_E_pct weak 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TSCSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslGlBAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GMoi_NIRS_pct medium infection 5 very long 5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GNC_M_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT SdlngVig_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Tillering_Ct_tllrplnt Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ELChl_M_CCI CIMMYT GY_FW_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_Adj_g1000grn TslGlAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT acronym CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoProt_M_pct CIMMYT EHvst_Ct_earPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 conical-cylindrical WeevN_Ct_weevil CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ERInc_Ct_earPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSucrose_M_umolg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BwSpotSev_E_1to5 GY_DW_tha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MCob_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SilkLng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_Rank_number CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CRustSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusSRInc_Cmp_pct 0 absent Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLng_M_mm Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EW_M_gear CIMMYT ELng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_gPlot OvPerf_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StBorDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EturcSev_E_pct ELSen_Date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELSenD CIMMYT Sen_E_0to10 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla moderate level of blasting 3 4 reddish PERSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BSDMInc_Ct_plntPlot 5 pointed CIMMYT AntAnCol_E_1to9 1 100% 4 drooping AflavERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_Adj_g100grn CIMMYT 2 very weak to weak CompLoc_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslBlastSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HskCov_E_1to5 CIMMYT FmonSRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla dense 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EWormInc_Cmp_pct FgramERSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PpolySev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_FW_g100grn CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutSev_E_pct StrigaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LAsh_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT SteWiltInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT GAsh_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLSSev_E_1to5 StenSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TRustSev_E_1to5 MatT_CompRank_BL3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AspERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT 3 red CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PericCol_E_1to5 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSSev_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BLSBSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Silk_Date_ymd CIMMYT SD 1 absent Mat_Cmp_Cday CIMMYT MaturityGDU Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GProt_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MRCVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSev_E_pct GN_Cmp_grnplnt Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonSRSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RustSev_E_1to5 very strong 9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslBN_Ct_branch CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RProl_M_ugg dark purple 3 TslGlBAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT BmaySev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AnthesisGDU Ant_Cmp_Cday CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GxE ELng_M_mm orange 6 2 turgid leaves CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutInc_Cmp_pct semi erect 2 41-50% dead leave area 5 red 3 white cap 6 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_FW_g200grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DiatraeaDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FungDis_E_0to1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EH_M_cm BmaySev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslExer_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DiabroticaDmg_E_1to5 2 sun red medium to strong 6 GSucrose_M_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla unrolled 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT PHvst_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StenSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AflavERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PytSRInc_Ct_plntPlot LABA_M_ngg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 Lowest rank GGlucose_M_ugmg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MCob_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 other MSTVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 red 3 intermediate CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Sen_E_pct 1 cylindrical normal 2 mixed 3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ShtPub_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PpolySev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GProline_M_mgg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LProline_M_ugg CIMMYT AWornDmg_CompRank_Bl3 3 dent CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GProt_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ALBInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT 7 high infection 1 very compact DMSInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PHTslB_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MLNSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 lax GTrp_NIRS_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 floury CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LSucrose_M_umolg PHFL_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SCond_M_mmolm2s CIMMYT LErect_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 primary Significantly (70%) infested 4 5 highly (>80%) damaged Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 100KW GW_DW_g100grn CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GOil_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslDen_E_1to3 2 good NDVI_M_idx Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT CTMInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTW_M_lbbsh GxE AD CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Ant_Date_ymd CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PDMInc_Ct_plntPlot intermediate germination (30-69%) 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSCInc_Ct_plntPlot TSCSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla poor 4 StrigaPN_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla brown 5 5 soft and opaque grains dark green 3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EDia_M_cm CSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BusseolaInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Ant_DT_day DTA semi-soft and semi-opaque grains 4 3 low infection GrStor_CompRank_Bl3 6 medium to high infection CIMMYT SCMVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_FW_g1000grn CIMMYT 2 medium CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PsacchInc_Cmp_pct RootCapac_M_uF CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla slightly (20%) infested 2 PLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EPo_Cmp_ratio Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PpolySev_E_pct CIMMYT 3 21-30% dead leaf area slightly (20%) damaged 2 other 5 CTMInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 8 white cap 6 51-60% dead leave area GY_DW_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 pale yellow CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCMSev_E_pct CIMMYT PERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 very poor CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LGBDmg_E_1to5 semi horizontal 3 Middle rank 2 LateWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EndoTrp_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HSmutSev_E_1to9 Gcol_CompRank_Bl3 strongly pointed 6 RustSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Highest rank 1 0 no dead leaf area GrTast_CompRank_Bl3 4 round irregular 2 2 semi-flint attribute very low infection 2 very high level of blasting 5 ASI_Cmp_day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 4 Significantly (70%) damaged 4 low to medium infection poor germination (11-29%) 4 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonERSev_E_pct CIMMYT low to moderate level of blasting 2 61-70% dead leave area 7 3 level medium 3 3 Lowest rank 4 rounded weak 4 1 no infection 3 intermediate CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BLSBSev_E_1to9 3 moderately susceptible, disease symptoms covering up to 50% 9 81-90% dead leave area medium 3 pop 7 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PsacchInc_Ct_plntPlot resistant, disease symptoms covering up to 20% 2 7 mottled vigorous 2 indented 2 yellow 4 4 Semi-dent, intermediate between dent and flint but closer to dent Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PAsp_E_1to5 CIMMYT 1 erect AflavERSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla no infestation 1 white 1 cream 2 1 no blasting absent or very weak 1 4 semi-dent white 1 2 semi-floury (morocho), with an external layer of hard endoseprm. intermediate grain hardness 3 CIMMYT CSmutSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 4 purple 3 moderately (50% ) damaged intermediate 2 susceptible, disease symptoms covering upto 70% 4 HSmutSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla yellow 2 5 very strong 8 71-80% dead leave area 5 medium flint 1 4 not severely rolled leaves MAIZE ontology short 2 white 1 clean, no damage 1 highly susceptible, disease symptoms covering >80% 5 present 2 very high infection 8 colorless 1 CobGlAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT 2 compact present 1 1 excellent germination (90-100%) PstTol_CompRank_Bl3 cylindrical 3 4 long 2 weak purple 3 TslGlAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT normal 3 1 shrunken bronze 2 3 moderately (50% ) infested 3 primary-secondary-tertiary 4 spiral very short 1 purple 4 conical 1 4 variegated 2 semi-hard and semi-transparent grains semi open 3 5 orange open 4 5 severly infested Middle rank 2 1-10% dead leaf area 1 3 high ear position 5 Semi-flint, flint with a soft cap entity 1 hard and transparent grains Observe maize busy stunt severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CSCMSev - Estimation LWid Leaf width Leaf width Leaf width. SdlngDisInc Seedling disease incidence Seedling disease incidence Plant Seedling disease incidence. Zinc content Grain zinc content Whole-grain zinc content. Grain GZinc LErect - Estimation Standard method for leaf erectness Glucose content in the root. Root Glucose content Root glucose content RGlucose Leaf Curvularia leaf spot severity Curvularia leaf spot (Curvularia spp.) severity. Curvularia leaf spot severity CLSSev Leaf LLng Leaf length. length Leaf length Tillering Plant tillering Tillering Number of tillers per plant. Observe the plant damage caused by aphids per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AphDmg - Estimation Count the number of ear damage caused by earworm per plot. EWormInc - Counting Observe rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). RustSev - Estimation WeevInc - Estimation Score maize weevil damage on the plants per plot. havested number Plant PHvst Plants harvested Number of plants harvested per unit area. Divide the total number of SCMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SCMVInc - Computation Plant PAsp aspect Plant aspect Qualitative observation of plant ideotype. In another word, it rates characteristics such as plant and ear height, uniformity of plants, disease and insect damage, and lodging. ¡C index TslTyp Tassel branching type Branching type of tassel. branching type Tassel lb/plot 1-5 Aleurone color scale Overall performance Plant Plants ability to thrive, adapt, and produce desired outcomes in a given environment or context. Overall performance 1-9 Anthocyanin coloration scale Observe the plant damage caused by Diabrotica per plot. DiabroticaDmg - Estimation Grain Grain Lysine content GLys Whole-grain Lysine content. Lysine content mm FgramSRInc Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence. Plant Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence ALBInc - Computation Divide the total number of ALB damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Endosperm protein content Protein content EndoProt Protein content in grain endosperm. Endosperm Plant Anthracnose leaf blight incidence ALBInc Anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola) incidence. Anthracnose leaf blight incidence Ear rot incidence Ear rot incidence ERInc Ear Ear rot incidence. TRustSev - Estimation Observe tropical severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on ears per plot based on degree of infection. FgramERSev - Estimation Charcoal rot or (Macrophomina phaseolina) incidence. Charcoal rot incidence CharRInc Charcoal rot incidence Plant FmonSRSev - Estimation Observe fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). 1-5 damage scoring scale Leaf TSCSev Tar spot complex severity Tar spot complex (Phyllachora maydis, Monographella maydis) severity. Tar spot complex severity shape Uppermost ear shape Uppermost ear UpESh Shape of uppermost ear whether cylindrical or cylindrical-conical or conical or round. Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae)incidence. Plant Common smut incidence CSmutInc Common smut incidence Relative grain yield expressed as percentage of the mean grain yield of the trial. Values above 100% indicate above-average performance; values below 100% indicate below-average performance. RGY - Computation AleuCol - Estimation Observe the aleurone color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. Plant Maize lethal necrosis severity Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) severity. Maize lethal necrosis severity MLNSev ShtPub - Estimation Standard method for sheath pubescence content. PHFL - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height between the base of a plant to the ligule of the flag leaf, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. Standard method for ear leaf length. ELLng - Measurement Standard method for glumes tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The measurement should exclude the bases of the glumes. TslGlAnCol - Estimation Tropical rust severity Tropical rust severity TRustSev Leaf Tropical rust (Physopella zeae) severity. 1-5 Anthocyanin coloration scale Observe the pericarp color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. PericCol - Estimation Ear EShape Ear shape shape Ear shape MSVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Plant PytSRInc Pythium stalk rot incidence Pythium stalk rot incidence Pythium stalk rot (Pythium spp.) incidence. storability Grain storability Grain storability refers to the ability of grains to remain viable and maintain their quality over a period of time when stored under a given condition. Grain EndoLys - Measurement Standard method for endosperm lysin content. Observe banded leaf and sheath blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BLSBSev - Estimation Ear diameter measured at the central part of uppermost ear. Ear diameter Ear diameter EDia Number of days required from seeding to grain ripening. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and maturity date. Days to maturity - Computation Ear Penicillium ear rot severity Penicillium ear rot severity. Penicillium ear rot severity PERSev Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) incidence. Plant SCMVInc Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence plant/plot Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Comparative ranking by users method Grain color Color of the grain. Grain color GCol 1-4 Leaf erectness scale Bacterial stalk rot incidence Bacterial stalk rot (Erwinia chrysanthemi) incidence. BactSRInc Plant Bacterial stalk rot incidence Grain StdGerm Standard germination Standard germination Standard germination. Stomatal conductance Leaf stomatal conductance Leaf SCond Stomatal conductance MSVSev Maize streak virus severity Plant Maize streak virus severity (MSV) severity. Maize streak virus severity Observe curvularia leaf spot severity on plants per plot based on the degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CLSSev - Estimation EndoCol - Estimation Observe the endosperm color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. Loss of weight of the grain samples caused by weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) feeding during a given period of incubation. Grain weight loss by maize weevil GWLostWeev Grain weight loss by maize weevil kg/plot Tassel TslDen Tassel density Density of spikelets. density GCol - Estimation Observe color of grains. Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum = Helminthosporium turcicum) severity. Turcicum leaf blight severity Turcicum leaf blight severity EturcSev Leaf Plant Stalk rot incidence Stalk rot (multiple pathogens or an unidentified pathogen) incidence. Stalk rot incidence SRInc Proline content GProline Grain proline content Proline content in the grain. Grain Grain GIron Whole-grain iron content. Iron content Grain iron content OA - Measurement Standard method for osmotic adjustment. Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the insertion of the first tassel branch, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. PHTslB - Measurement Standard method for endosperm protein content. EndoProt - Measurement SCMVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Leaf BwSpotSev Brown spot severity Brown spot severity Brown spot (Physoderma maydis) severity. % GYRank - Computation It is calculated as the numerical position of the progeny when yields are arrenged from highest to lowest. 1-3 density scale Stewart wilt (Erwinia stewartii) incidence. Stewarts wilt incidence Plant SteWiltInc Stewarts wilt incidence EN - Computation Compute number of ears using the formula. Number of branches on tassel. TslBN Tassel branch Tassel branch number number Standard method for tassel anthers Anthocyanin coloration. The observation should be made in the middle third of the main branch on fresh anthers. AntAnCol - Estimation Count the number of plants with the stem lodged. The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SLodgInc - Counting GAsh - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain ash content Pericarp color Pericarp Color of the pericarp. color PericCol GUpSSh - Estimation Observe the shape of the upper surface of grain, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession, after harvest. 1-3 Tassel density scale Observe the stem color between the two topmost ears. StemCol - Estimation Insertion angle of the leaves. Leaf LErect Leaf erectness erectness Earworm incidence Ear worm (Heliothis) incidence. EWormInc Ear Earworm incidence Plant The hosts ability to reduce the effect of infection on its fitness regardless of the level of disease pathogen multiplication ( Disease Tolerance Disease tolerance 1-4 Ear shape scale FmonSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FmonSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Ear Common smut severity Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae) severity. CSmutSev Common smut severity Divide the total number of LateWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. LateWiltInc - Computation Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity. Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity AflavERSev Ear Maize rayado fino virus incidence Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) incidence. Maize rayado fino virus incidence MRFVInc Plant EWormInc - Computation Divide the total number of EWDMG damaged ears by the total number of plants harvested. Grain number. Grain GN Grain number number DMVInc Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) incidence. Plant Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence HskCov Ear husk cover Ear husk cover Ear husk cover observed as degree of the husk covering the tip of the ear. Philippine downy mildew incidence PDMInc Plant Philippine downy mildew incidence Philippine downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis) incidence. Multiple rust pathogens severity. RustSev Rust severity Rust severity Leaf 1-5 Stem color scale Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) incidence. Plant DMSInc Sorghum downy mildew incidence Sorghum downy mildew incidence Compute grain weigh adjuted to 12.5% moisture. GW Adjusted - Computation Measure sample weight of grains per plot after harvest, record dry weight of the same samples and calculate grain moisture content for each sample using formula: 100*(Wt of sample - Dry Weight)/Wt of sample. GMoi - Computation Ear shelling ratio Whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. ProvitaminA content Grain provitaminA content Grain GVitA Count the number of plants that are affected by charcoal rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CharRInc - Counting GTW - Computation Standard method for grain test weight. EarW Dry weight - Measurement Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and record weight. If at all possible, delay harvest of maize until its moisture content is low (15-25%). GLng - Measurement Average of 10 consecutive grains from one row in the middle of the uppermost ear, measured with calliper. Date when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and record the date. Anthesis date - Estimation Maize streak virus incidence Plant Maize streak virus incidence MSVInc Maize streak virus incidence (MSV) incidence. 1-3 Cob color scale EPo Ear Ear position as a ratio of ear height to plant height. Ear position position ug/g length Ear ELng Ear length Ear length. TslCol Tassel Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of tassel. Anthocyanin coloration Tassel Grain Sucrose content Sucrose content in the grain Grain sucrose content GSucrose Performance of a maize variety with the local variety Plant Comparison with local Comparison with local Leaf Leaf rolling severity LRollSev Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. rolling severity Count the number of plants that are affected by maize stripe virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MSTVInc - Counting Ranking:3 Endosperm Tryptophan content in grain endosperm. Tryptophan content EndoTrp Endosperm Tryptophan content GTyp - Estimation Score the grains based on grain characters such as floury, dent per plot. Army worm (syn. Spodoptera exempta) damage. Plant AWormDmg Army worm damage Army worm damage Striga plant number Plant number StrigaPN Number of Striga hermonthica plants. Striga g/plant/day BusseolaDmg Plant damage caused by Busseola larvae. Plant Busseola damage Busseola damage ng/µg Observe the plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MSVSev - Estimation Germination Germination rate is calculated by dividing the number of seeds that sprout by the total number of seeds started, and then multiplying that number by 100 to get a percentage. Grain Germination rate mmol /m2/s Maydis leaf blight severity Leaf Maydis leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis = Helminthosporium maydis) severity. BmaySev Maydis leaf blight severity Ear AspERSev Aspergillus ear rot severity Aspergillus ear rot severity Aspergillus ear rot severity. CSCInc - Computation Divide the total number of CSC damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. LateWiltInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by late wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DW GY - Measurement Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. Measure moisture of a grain sample using NIRS moisture analyzer. NIRS Moi - Measurement Anthocyanin coloration CobGlCol Cob glumes Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of cob glumes. Plant vigor Plant vigor. Plant vigor PVig Sheath pubescence ShtPub Sheath pubescence Presence and intensity of hairs on the surface of the leaf sheath. Count the number of plants that are affected by maize bushy stunt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRFVInc - Counting Grain length GLng Grain length. length Grain Black bundle (Acremonium strictum) incidence. AstriInc Black bundle incidence Plant Black bundle incidence 1-5 disease scoring scale PLSSev - Estimation Observe phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). height to insertion of uppermost ear Plant height from base to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear. Plant EH Ear height EndoHard - Estimation Determine quality of endosperm such as hardness in the lab and use 1-5 to scale to score it. 1-5 Leaf color scale Banded leaf and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii) severity. Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Leaf BLSBSev Striga damage StrigaDmg Striga damage Damage of Striga hermonthica plants on maize plants. Plant ELng - Measurement Measure, when applicable, ear length of at least 20 representative plants per accession, record the data in the fieldbook. CSCMSev Maize bushy stunt severity Plant Maize bushy stunt (caused by mycoplasma like organism, MLO) severity. Maize bushy stunt severity Ear leaf senescence date - Computation Record date when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Sucrose content Root sucrose content RSucrose Sucrose content in the root. Root Count the number of plants that are affected by mal de rio cuarto virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRCVInc - Counting Take same leaf measured for leaf length and measure mid-way along its length. LWid - Measurement GProt - Computation Standard method for whole-grain protein content. % Protein = % of nitrogen x 6.25 vigor SdlngVig Seedling vigor. Seedling vigor Seedling Cob glumes color Color of the cob glumes. color CobGlCol Cob glumes Divide the total number of StenSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. StenSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of CharRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CharRInc - Computation Count the number of plants that are affected by stenocarpella stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. StenSRInc - Counting Anther Anther Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of anthers. AntCol Standard method for ear shape EShape - Estimation Plant Java downy mildew incidence DMJInc Java downy mildew incidence Java downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis) incidence. Observe fusarium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FusERSev - Estimation Count the number of plants that are affected by the common smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CSmutInc - Counting 1-9 disease scoring scale CCI Measure on the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. GWid - Measurement Count the total number of ears with bad husk cover. BHskCovInc - Counting Observe the plants that are damaged by any fungal diseases. FungDis - Estimation Divide the total number of MRFV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MRFVInc - Computation yyyymmdd Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and record fresh (field) weight. FW GY - Measurement ELSen ear leaf senescence time Plant Ear leaf senescence time Ear leaf senescence time. DMSInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sorghum downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. TSCSev - Estimation Observe tarspot complex severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CobGlCol - Estimation Standard method for cob tassel color. The anthocyanin coloration should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. LateWiltInc Late wilt incidence Late wilt incidence Plant Late wilt (Cephalosporium maydis) incidence. HSmutInc - Computation Divide the total number of HSmut damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SmaySev - Estimation Observe stenocarpella ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. DW GY - Computation Color of the endosperm. Endosperm color color Endosperm EndoCol EndoTrp - Measurement Standard method for endosperm tryptophan content. Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) severity. Maize dwarf mosaic virus severity Plant Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence DMVSev CRustSev - Estimation Observe common rust severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). 1-6 Endosperm color scale pg/g Standard method for grain number. GN - Computation Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PsacchInc - Counting Fusarium ear rot severity FusERSev Ear Fusarium ear rot severity Fusarium ear rot severity. Root abscisic acid content Root RABA Abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content in the root. 1-11 Grain type scale g/1000grain uF Divide the total number of CTM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CTMInc - Computation Observe the variation of the intensity of a kernel/grain surface and score grain texture based on properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. GTex - Estimation Observe polysora rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). PpolySev - Estimation Grain moisture Grain moisture. GMoi moisture content Grain type Grain GTyp Type of grain. Grain type Anthocyanin coloration at base of tassel glumes. Tassel glumes base Anthocyanin coloration Tassel glumes base TslGlBCol Anthocyanin coloration BactSRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by bacterial stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DW GY - Measurement Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. day Standard method for cob tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The anthocyanin Anthocyanin colorationation should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. CobGlAnCol - Estimation EPo - Computation Use ear height and plant height data of the same plants per plot and calculate the ratio. Small values indicate low ear position; large values indicate high ear position. Count the number of plants that are affected by CTM per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CTMInc - Counting Whole-grain ash content. Grain ash content Grain Ash content GAsh Count total number of grain rows in the ear. GCol - Estimation PLSSev Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (Phaeosphaeria maydis) severity. Leaf BSDMInc - Computation Divide the total number of BSDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Plant Diabrotica damage Diabrotica damage DiabroticaDmg Plant damage caused by Diabrotica species. RootCapac - Measurement Standard method for root capitance. Grain Grain width Grain width. width GWid WeevN - Counting Standard method for maize weevil number in a sample. Weevils were counted only once (at the end of a 45-d incubation period) EHvst - Counting Count the total number of ears harvested per plot/entry, excluding secondary ears that are extremely small. PsacchInc Sugarcane downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sacchari) incidence. Sugarcane downy mildew incidence Plant Sugarcane downy mildew incidence Silk Anthocyanin coloration SilkCol Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of stigmas. Silk Divide the total numbers of plants with lodged stems by number of plants harvested. SLodgInc - Computation StBorDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by stem borer per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. GUpSSh Grain upper surface shape upper surface shape Grain Shape of the upper surface of grain. BCLSSev Leaf Bacterial leaf stripe (Pseudomonas rubrilinians) severity. Bacterial leaf stripe severity Bacterial leaf stripe severity PVig - Estimation Standard method for plant vigor Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Comparative ranking by farmers method Rank: 3 Plant Plant height from the base to the top part (in reproductive stages to the top of the tassel). Plant height PH height PERSev - Estimation Observe penicillium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). TslSiz - Estimation Score the tassels based on size using 1-3 categorical scale. Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. GW DW - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain Nitrogen content GNC - Measurement Ash content LAsh Leaf Ash content in maize leaves. Leaf ash content Maturity time. Maturity time maturity time Plant Plant osmotic potential A measure of the potential of water to move between regions of differing concentrations across a water-permeable membrane. Osmotic potential OP FungDis Plant Fungal disease presence The trait is scored for the response to the diseases caused by several fungi. Fungal disease presence Ant anthesis time Anthesis time Anthesis time. Plant Grain row arrangement Ear grain rows arrangement. GRArr Ear grain row arrangement TslAnCol - Estimation Standard method for tassel Anthocyanin coloration. MSTVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MSTV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Grain Grain thickness Thickness of the grain. GThk thickness Large grain borer damage Large grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) damage. Grain LGBDmg Large grain borer damage Count the number of plants that are affected by maize dwarf mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMVInc - Counting capacitance Estimation of root mass at the end of the stress using an electrical capacitance meter. Root capacitance RootCapac Root Adjusted GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. Chlorophyll content in the young leaf. Young leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Young leaf YLChl 1-9 Grain color scale Count the number of plants that are affected by philippine downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PDMInc - Counting Plant Busseola larvae incidence. Busseola damage incidence Busseola incidence BusseolaInc GLSSev Gray leaf spot severity Leaf Gray leaf spot severity Gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) severity. Optimum number of measurements: i) Vegetative stage: Weekly measurements from 2 to 6 weeks after planting; ii) Flowering: only for inbred lines. NDVI - Measurement 1-5 Tassel opening scale Maize stripe virus (MSTV) incidence. Maize stripe virus incidence MSTVInc Maize stripe virus incidence Plant Observe the maize plant damage caused by striga per plot. StrigaDmg - Estimation ELW - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf weight. Weight of shelled cob. weight or yield ShellCobW Shelled cob Shelled cob weight Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried ears. EarW Field weight - Measurement Rank number Mpa AstriInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by black bundle per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FW GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. Observe the ears hask cover and rate it. HskCov - Estimation CSSSev - Estimation Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection. g/200grain Plant uniformity uniformity Uniformity of plants. Plant PUnif Plant height to insertion of first tassel branch PHTslB height to insertion of first tassel branch Plant Plant height from the base to the insertion of the first tassel branch. EWid - Measurement Meaure ear width. Count the total number of plants harvested per plot/entry. PHvst - Counting Plant Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) incidence. Maize rough dwarf virus incidence Maize rough dwarf virus incidence MRDVInc Leaf Polysora rust severity Polysora rust severity Polysora rust (in lowlands Puccinia polysora) severity. PpolySev ear/plot 1-4 Grain row arrangement scale BactSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of BactSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. 1-5 Standard germination scale ng/g Divide the total number of DMS damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMSInc - Computation TslDen - Estimation Standard method for tassel density Ear leaf chlorophyll content ELChl Chlorophyll content in the ear leaf. Chlorophyll content Ear leaf Standard method for sucrose content. Sucrose - Measurement Count the number of plants that are affected by stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SRInc - Counting Harvest a mature upper ear and measure its weight EarW Individual - Measurement Sucrose content in the leaf Leaf sucrose content LSucrose Leaf Sucrose content DMSSev - Estimation Observe sorghum downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). GThk - Measurement Measure the thickness of the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. TslBlastSev Observation of blasting severity of the tassel (necrosis due to heat stress) at the time of flowering. It occurs under extreme temperatures and drought. Tassel blasting severity Tassel blasting severity Standard method for tassel branches dry weight. TslBW - Measurement Glucose - Measurement Standard method for glucose content. 1-3 Ear shape scale Ear weight weight EW Weight of mature upper ear, including cob and kernels, and at a defined moisture content, although often this is not provided. Ear EndoHard Endosperm Endosperm hardness. Endosperm hardness hardness RLodgInc - Counting Count the number of plants that show root lodging and record data in filedbook. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Severity of common rust ( Puccinia sorghi). Common rust severity Leaf Common rust severity CRustSev Stem color Color of the stem. Stem color StemCol Count number of days from planting date to anthesis and silking to determine days to anthesis (DTA) and days to silking (DTS), respectively and determine anthesis silking interval (ASI) by calculating: ASI = DTS-DTA. ASI - Computation Tryptophan content GTrp Grain Grain Tryptophan content Whole-grain Tryptophan content. Count the number of plants that are affected by DMJ per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMJInc - Counting Divide the total number of plants that are root lodged due to weak soil or poorly developed anchorage roots by the total number of plants that are harvested. RLodgInc - Computation GLys - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain lysin content. Multiple cob incidence MCob Incidence of multiple cobs, as plants that have multiple ears arising from a single node. Plant multiple cob incidence Days to anthesis - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and score the number of days from sowing. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and anthesis date. SilkAnCol - Estimation Standard method for silk Anthocyanin coloration. Observe bacterial leaf stripe severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BCLSSev - Estimation Plant Crazy top downy mildew incidence Crazy top (Sclerophthora macrospora) incidence. Crazy top downy mildew incidence CTMInc Ear position ratio Plant canopy temperature Canopy temperature Canopy temperature. CT Observe the plant damage caused by army worms per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AWormDmg - Estimation Ear Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity. FgramERSev Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity Growth rate of silk. Silk SilkGrwR Silk growth rate growth rate Relative to check - Computation Calculated as relative grain yield agaisnst the best check in percentage. kg/ha Standard method for tassel type. TslTyp - Estimation Standard method for young leaf chlorophyll content. YLChl - Measurement DiatraeaDmg Plant Diatraea damage Plant damage caused by Diatraea species. Diatraea damage Ear bad husk cover incidence BHskCovInc Ear bad husk cover incidence Ears bad husk cover incidence. Standard method for ear growth rate. EGrwR - Computation Count the number of plants that have more than one ear growing from the same node. MCob - Counting Photochemical radiation index photochemical radiation index Plant PRI Photochemical radiation index. A canopy reflectance index indicating photosynthetic radiation use efficiency. Brown stripe downy mildew (Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae) incidence. Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Plant BSDMInc Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Sorghum downy mildew severity Plant Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) severity. Sorghum downy mildew severity DMSSev Plant stand PStand stand Number of plants per unit area. Plant BHskCovInc - Computation Divide the total number of ears with bad husk cover by the total number of ears harvested. DMVSev - Estimation Observe maize dwarf mosaic virus severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). SdlngDisInc - Computation Divide the total number of SeedlingDis affected plants by the total number of plants harvested. Count the number of plants that are affected by head smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. HSmutInc - Counting Ear damage Ear EDmg Ear damage Ear damage caused by ear rot and/or insects, etc. Observation of ears with bad husk cover. BHskCovInc - Estimation g PsacchInc - Computation Divide the total number of Psacch damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. 1-3 size scale Osmotic adjustment as ability of the plant to adjust the osmotic potential under stress conditions. Plant Osmotic adjustment osmotic adjustment OA Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants silk. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and silking date. DTS - Computation MRDVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize rough dwarf virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Plant height from the base to the ligule of the flag leaf. Plant height to ligule of the flag leaf Plant height to ligule of the flag leaf PHFL 1-5 Tassel blasting severity scale Observe brown spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BwSpotSev - Estimation Aflatoxin content Aflatoxin content Grain Aflatox Grain Aflatoxins content produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. CSmutInc - Computation Divide the total number of CSN damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. PRI - Measurement Standard method for photochemical radiation index. BusseolaInc - Counting Count the number plants that are damaged by busseola (african stem borer) per plot. Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration TslGlCol Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of tassel glumes excluding the bases of the glumes. Tassel glumes Root lodging incidence. The plants that show root lodging, i.e. those stems that are inclining by more than 45¡. Root lodging incidence RLodgInc Plant root lodging incidence umol/g Divide the total number of ears that are rotten by the total number of plants that are harvested. ERInc - Computation DiatraeaDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by Diatraea plot. Divide the total number of DMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMVInc - Computation Ear Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity. FmonERSev t/ha SdlngDisInc - Counting Count the seedling that are affected by seedling diseases per plot. grain row number GRN Ear Grain row number Number of grain rows in the central part of the uppermost ear. Growing degree days to maturity - Computation Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and maturity. cm g/100grain Observe dead leaf area per plant/plot and rate. Sen - Estimation Score the plants per plot combining several agronomical and morphological characters of plants such plant height, ear height, stem/root loading. Note: Combination of traits usually differ from one breeder to another depending on type of study. PAsp - Estimation GLSSev - Estimation Observe GLS severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Pest tolerance Pest tolerance The hosts ability to reduce the effect of damages on its fitness regardless of the level of pest pathogen multiplication ( Plant CSmutSev - Estimation Observe common smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). LGBDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by large grain borer per plot 1-3 Tassel branching type scale Divide the total number of DMJ damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMJInc - Computation DMSev Downy mildew severity Leaf Downy mildews (several species of the genera Peronosclerospora, Sclerospora, and Sclerophthora) severity. Downy mildew severity Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence. FmonSRInc Plant NIRS LAsh - Measurement NIRS method for leaves ash content Count the plants that are affected by fusarium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FusSRInc - Counting Measured with a portable porometer. Take the measures in the middle between leaf tip and leaf base, and in between leaf midrib and leaf rim. Blade sections measured must to be exposed to sunlight for at least the 30 minutes before. Measurements always performed in the same side of the leaf (usually the lower or abaxial one). One measurement per leaf, and at least 3 per plot. 1 min per measurement. SCond - Measurement Color of the leaf. Leaf color color LCol Leaf HSmutSev - Estimation Observe head smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Standard method for abscisic acid content. ABA - Measurement Ear worm (Heliothis) damage. EWormDmg Earworm damage Earworm damage Ear Proline - Measurement Standard method for proline content. EndoLys Endosperm Lysine content in grain endosperm. Lysine content Endosperm Lysine content NDVI Plant Canopy normalized difference vegetation index. normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index TslExer - Estimation Standard method for tassel exertion Grain Taste of the grain (after cooking? Raw?) Grain taste taste PH - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the top of the tassel, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. EAsp aspect Ear Ear aspect Observation of harvested ears based on some morphological and agronomical characters such as ear size, total numbers of ear harvested per plot, ear damaged caused by insects or/and diseases. SteWiltInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by stewart wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PytSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of PytSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Text UpESh - Estimation Observe shape of uppermost ear. GW weight Grain Grain weight of mature kernels. Grain weight ppm Tassel size Tassel Tassel size. size TslSiz Grain oil content Whole-grain oil content. Oil content Grain GOil DMSev - Estimation Observe downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). OP - Measurement Standard method for osmotic potential. Grain texture Grain texture as a measure of the variation on the intensity of a surface, quantifying properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. Grain texture GTex Chilo damage Chilo damage ChiloDmg Chilo (Chilo partellus) damage. Plant ear/plant MSVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MSV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Standard method for leaves ash content LAsh- Measurement Observe turcicum leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). EturcSev - Estimation branch Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and 50% anthesis. Growing degree days to anthesis - Computation Divide the total number of PDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. PDMInc - Computation Observe aspergillus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). AspERSev - Estimation ERInc - Counting Count the total number of ears that damaged or/and rotten per plot. Anthesis silking interval. Anthesis silking interval ASI anthesis silking interval Plant NIRS GAsh - Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain ash content ug/mg FmonERSev - Estimation Observe fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FusSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FusSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Plant Fusarium stalk rot incidence Fusarium stalk rot incidence FusSRInc Fusarium stalk rot incidence. Count the number of ears. EN - Counting Leaf LProline Proline content in the leaf. Leaf proline content Proline content GVitA - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. Plant Lodging incidence LodgInc lodging incidence Observation of lodging severity. Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. FW GY - Computation Stem borer damage StBorDmg Stem borer damage Stem borer damage includes different stem borers such as Chilo partellus, Sesamia spp. and Spodoptera. Plant opening Tassel angle. Tassel opening TslOpen Tassel Observe maize lethal necrosis severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). MLNSev - Estimation Standard method for canopy temperature. CT - Measurement 1-5 WeevDmgInc scale Grain marketability refers to the commercial viability or attractiveness of a particular type of grain for sale in the agricultural market. Grain marketability Grain marketability NIRS GOil - Measurement NIRS method for oil content GABA Grain Abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content in the grain. Grain abscisic acid content Count the number of plants that are affected by brown stripe downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. BSDMInc - Counting AstriInc - Computation Divide the total number of ASTRI damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. Dry weight basis GY - Computation EPo - Estimation Determine ear position using 1-3 scale. GOil - Measurement Standard method for oil content Observe the ears damage caused by ear rot and/or insects per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. EDmg - Estimation Standard method for water index. WI - Measurement ¡C day Count the number of plants that are affected by anthracnose leaf blight per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. ALBInc - Counting MCob - Computation Divide the total number of Chupon plants by the total number of plants harvested. Ear leaf (blade) length. ELLng Ear leaf length Ear leaf length Tassel branch weight weight TslBW Weight of tassel branches. Tassel branch 0-10 Senescence scale Standard method for tassel branches number. TslBN - Counting cm/day Silking date - Estimation Observe plants carefully and record date when 50% of plants within a plot area have silks visible (female flowering date). This is determined on a daily basis by counting the number of plants with at least one silk extruded divided by the total number of plants in the plot. ShellCobW - Measurement (duplicate) Record shelled cob field weight. Ear harvested number Ear harvested number Number of ears harvested. EHvst Divide the total number of SteWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SteWiltInc - Computation FgramSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FgramSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. WI Water index A ratio between the reflectance at a water band wavelength to a nearby reference wavelength where there is no absorption due to water content variability. Plant water index Cob Sucrose content in the cob Cob sucrose content CSucrose Sucrose content ppb NIRS GTrp- Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain tryptophan content. CSCInc - Counting Count the total number of plants that are affected by corn stunt complex per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FgramSRInc - Counting Count the plants that are affected by fusarium graminearum stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. g/plot Plant Abiotic stress tolerance The hosts ability to reduce the effect of stress on its fitness regardless of the level of abiotic stress (flood, drought, …) applied Abiotic stress tolerance Recommended to take 6 alternating plants per plot and measure the height between the base of a plant to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear of the same plant, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. EH - Measurement 1-5 rating scale Measure the leaf which subtends the uppermost ear from ligule to apex. LLng - Measurement Leaf abscisic acid content Leaf LABA Abscisic acid content in the leaf. Abscisic acid content LCol - Estimation Standard method for leaf color. Count the total number of emerged striga plants per plot. It is counted three times, 8 weeks, 10 weeks and 12 weeks after planting. StrigaPN - Counting MRDVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MRDV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity. FmonSRSev Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity Plant grain/plant Standard method for tassel blasting. TslBlastSev - Estimation ELW weight Ear leaf Weight of ear leaf (blade). Ear leaf weight 1-5 Pericarp color scale SilkGrwR - Computation Standard method for silk growth rate. lb/bsh Ear Ear width. Ear width width EWid Standard method for plant uniformity PUnif - Estimation NIRS GProt- Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain protein content. Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. GW FW - Measurement Silk length SilkLng length Silk length. Silk Plant Stem lodging incidence. The plants that show stem lodging, i.e. those stems that are broken below the ear. Stem lodging incidence SLodgInc stem lodging incidence Whole-grain protein content. GProt Grain protein content Grain Protein content Chlorophyll content Chl Leaf Leaf chlorophyll content. Chlorophyll content Standard method for standard germination StdGerm - Estimation EN number Ear number. Ear Ear number Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Grain Nitrogen content GNC Grain Nitrogen content Divide the total number of MRCV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MRCVInc - Computation 0-1 absent-present scale Root proline content Proline content in the root. Root RProl Proline content Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Count the number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and ear leaf senescence date. Days to ear leaf senescence date - Computation LodgInc - Estimation Scored for severity of lodging. Measure, when applicable, ear diameter at the central part of uppermost ears of at least 20 representative plants per accession. EDia - Measurement Plant Corn stunt spiroplasma severity CSSSev Corn Spiroplasma stunt severity Corn stunt spiroplasma severity. GY Grain Grain yield yield Grain yield per unit area, either field weight basis, dry weight basis or adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. Ear growth rate Ear Growth rate of the ear(s) on a plant. It may include the sum of the apical and sub-apical ear growth from prolific plants. growth rate EGrwR Record the date when excised kernels are longitudinally cut to expose a black internal abscission layer at the base of the kernel that signals the kernel has ceased to absorb nutrients or moisture from the mother plants. Maturity date - Estimation Harvest ears per plot (eliminate first and last plants to avoid border effects) and score ear aspect combining several ear-associated traits. Note: Combination of traits usually differs from one breeder to another depending on type of study. EAsp - Estimation LRollSev - Estimation Observe the plants per plot with the leaves rolled. Glucose content Grain glucose content Glucose content in the grain. Grain GGlucose BmaySev - Estimation Observe maydis leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). SmaySev Stenocarpella ear rot severity Ear Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) ear rot severity. Stenocarpella ear rot severity Count the number of tillers per plant (average of more than 20 representative) plants. Tillering - Counting 1-5 Endosperm hardness scale mg/g Mal de rio cuarto virus (MRCV) incidence. Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence Plant Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence MRCVInc Corn stunt incidence Corn stunt incidence Corn stunt complex (corn stunt spiroplasma, maize bushy stunt phytoplasma [= mycoplasma], maize rayado fino virus) incidence. CSCInc Plant Aphid damage Aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis) damage. Plant AphDmg Aphid damage Observe aspergillus flavus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). AflavERSev - Estimation 1-5 Vigor scale PStand - Counting Count total number of plants per plot. TslExer Tassel Tassel exertion Tassel exertion. exertion Grain Grain test weight of mature kernels. Grain test weight test weight GTW Silk Silking time silking time Plant Silking time. Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products 1-2 absent-present scale Divide the total number of SRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SRInc - Computation 1-6 Grain upper surface shape scale weevil Count the number of plants that are affected by pythium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PytSRInc - Counting Standard method for whole-grain iron content. GIron - Measurement Shell Ear shelling ratio Shelling ratio Ear The ratio of grain to total ear weight. Observe grain row arrangement in the harvested ears and rate 1-4 categorical scale. GRArr - Estimation GZinc - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain zinc content. Head smut severity Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) severity. HSmutSev Plant Head smut severity row/ear SilkLng - Measurement Standard method for silk length. Shell - Computation Use formula to calculate ear sheeling ratio. Standard method for whole-grain tryptophan content. GTrp - Measurement TslGlBAnCol - Estimation Standard method for glumes base tassel Anthocyanin coloration. Whole-grain starch content. Starch content GStarch Grain Grain starch content WeevN The number of maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) hatching and emerging from an infested grain sample within a given period. Large values indicate susceptibility to grain weevils, small values indicate partial resistance to grain weevils. Grain Maize weevil number Maize weevil number in Grain scale_of Number Cob Cob number Number of cobs Chl - Measurement Measured with a portable chlorophyll meter (e.g. SPAD). Take the average measure from leaves of six alternating plants and use always leaves of similar insertion level. 1-5 Grain texture scale Count the plants that are affected by fusarium moniliforme stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FmonSRInc - Counting ChiloDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by chilo per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Standard method for tassel opening TslOpen - Estimation 1-5 Leaf rolling severity scale Seed weight loss was determined using the count and weight method of Gwinner et al (1996). Weight loss (%) = (Wu x Nd) - (Wd x Nu) x 100 / Wu x (Nd + Nu) where Wu=weight of the undamaged seed, Nu = number of undamaged seed, Wd = Weight of damaged seed, and Nd=Number of damaged seed. GWLostWeev - Measurement senescence Sen Leaf Senescence Leaf senescence. Standard method for ear leaf chlorophyll content. ELChl - Measurement 1-3 Ear position scale StenSRInc Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) stalk rot incidence. Plant Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence Head smut incidence Head smut incidence Plant Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) incidence. HSmutInc Standard method for whole-grain starch content. GStarch - Measurement 1-3 Plant uniformity scale Seed size for target use/market size Size of seeds matching demand for a use or a market Grain method_of Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) incidence on grain. Maize weevil incidence WeevInc Maize weevil incidence Grain Standard method for aflatoxin content. Aflatox - Measurement 1-5 Tassel exertion scale Standard method for earworm damage measured in cm of feeding. 0 - no ear damage, 1 - 1 cm, + 1 for each additional cm of feeding EWormDmg - Measurement Aleurone color Aleurone Color of the aleurone. AleuCol color variable_of tiller/plant