Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PLSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT BwSpotSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramERSev_E_pct CIMMYT GThk_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_DW_tha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT EW_M_gear Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GAsh_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StrigaPN_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT CIMMYT LSucrose_M_umolg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoCol_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT compact 2 moderately (50% ) damaged 3 CT_M_C Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT RSucrose_M_ngug Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonSRSev_E_1to5 ASI_Cmp_day Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRDVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StenSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla WeevInc_E_1to5 CIMMYT EndoLys_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslBW_DW_g Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 drooping CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BHskCovInc_Ct_plntPlot TslGlAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT MSTVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HSmutInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT DMSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 4 poor germination (11-29%) CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TSCSev_E_pct CIMMYT OA_M_Mpa Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EGrwR_Cmp_gplntday GTex_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLSBSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GMoi_Cmp_pct TslAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HSmutSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PpolySev_E_1to9 CIMMYT 1 conical StemCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DTA Ant_DT_day Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT TslGlBAnCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AntAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT 1 white Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMVInc_Cmp_pct PsacchInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_Adj_g1000grn CIMMYT CIMMYT RLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVSev_E_1to5 GN_Cmp_grnplnt Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ShtPub_E_1to3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutSev_E_pct CIMMYT Shell_Cmp_ratio Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DiabroticaDmg_E_1to5 1 colorless Ant_Cmp_Cday Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AnthesisGDU CIMMYT 9 very strong Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CRustSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT MAIZE ontology CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SmaySev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EWormInc_Ct_plntPlot Silk_DT_day DTS Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GTrp_M_pct CIMMYT FgramERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 4 purple CIMMYT MCob_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CLSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 white Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LABA_M_ngg CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoTrp_M_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT BSDMInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AbStr_CompRank_Bl3 RootCapac_M_uF Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HSmutSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GGlucose_M_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EturcSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELSen_DT_day CIMMYT DTELSen mottled 7 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WeevN_Ct_weevil Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GIron_M_ppm EPo_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PstTol_CompRank_Bl3 CTMInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 purple MSVSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_CompRank_Bl3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSSev_E_pct CIMMYT GmRt_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PVig_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WI_M_idx 5 41-50% dead leave area GProt_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 8 very high infection Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AphDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT GY_Adj_kgha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FungDis_E_text GTyp_E_1to11 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 resistant, disease symptoms covering up to 20% Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ALBInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT GrStor_CompRank_Bl3 FusSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PH_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoHard_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_Adj_g200grn CIMMYT SteWiltInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT LErect_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_kgha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT YLChl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Chl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Sen_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BactSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslExer_E_1to5 CIMMYT SdlngVig_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 intermediate 3 moderate level of blasting MLNSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 5 very strong EWormDmg_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 weak to medium Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EWormInc_Cmp_pct 6 white cap Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_Adj_g100grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SilkGrwR_Cmp_cmday SdSizUse_compRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLys_M_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CRustSev_E_pct CSmutSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT CIMMYT MSVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SCMVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT 3 semi horizontal 3 mixed CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GMoi_NIRS_pct PERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ShellCobW_FW_kgPlot CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BwSpotSev_E_pct sparse 1 Highest rank 1 CIMMYT LCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 clean, no damage EW_DW_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StdGerm_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BmaySev_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AflavERSev_E_1to5 5 medium SmaySev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PpolySev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EturcSev_E_1to9 SCMVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCMSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PericCol_E_1to5 GRN_Ct_rowear CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PStand_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_kgPlot CIMMYT GY_FW_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MLNSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HskCov_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Shell_Cmp_pct CIMMYT MRCVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EShape_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AflavERSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslOpen_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_kgPlot DMSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PAsp_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EndoProt_M_pct TslGlBAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT AntAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT UpESh_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GxE ELng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT green 2 medium 3 open 4 CIMMYT FmonSRSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla intermediate 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PpolySev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EDmg_E_1to5 no dead leaf area 0 conical-cylindrical 2 CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to2 red 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_DW_g200grn CIMMYT 200KW Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT 2 medium Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PERSev_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT CobGlCol_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_tha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MRCVInc_Ct_plntPlot Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FusERSev_E_pct CIMMYT CRustSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLSBSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 severly infested Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Tillering_Ct_tllrplnt CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PDMInc_Cmp_pct GY_FW_lbPlot Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GxE SilkAnCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TRustSev_E_pct CIMMYT CSCInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT dark green 3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonSRSev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LateWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT GY_Adj_tha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HSmutSev_E_pct CIMMYT BHskCovInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT BLSBSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusERSev_E_1to9 EAsp_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StenSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LGBDmg_E_1to5 1 absent or very weak Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GUpSSh_E_1to6 GLng_CompRank_Bl3 secondary 2 GStarch_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT DMVSev_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GGlucose_M_ugmg Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT 1000KW TKW Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_DW_g1000grn CIMMYT TGW CIMMYT MaturityGDU Mat_Cmp_Cday Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TRustSev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT LodgInc_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 poor very short 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTrp_NIRS_pct CIMMYT LAsh_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT LateWiltInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PHvst_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ERInc_Ct_earPlot 1 100% CIMMYT GVitA_M_µgg Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Sen_E_0to10 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StBorDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT RProl_M_ugg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GOil_NIRS_pct CLSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla OP_M_Mpa SRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRFVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SilkLng_M_cm TslGlBAnCol_E_1to2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonSRInc_Ct_plntPlot MLNSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla pale yellow 3 CSmutInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT attribute flint 6 present 1 4 low to medium infection GrMark_CompRank_Bl3 Gcol_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SdlngDisInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT TSCSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GSucrose_M_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BusseolaDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AntAnCol_E_1to2 CIMMYT ELSen_Date_ymd CIMMYT ELSenD Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CTMInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT RGlucose_M_ngug Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 cream Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SCond_M_mmolm2s very weak 5 strong 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EN_Cmp_earplnt 1 erect 2 95% Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonERSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EN_Ct_earPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EPo_Cmp_ratio Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSSSev_E_pct 3 intermediate grain hardness GW_FW_g1000grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT ERInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 small OvPerf_CompRank_Bl3 red 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AspERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslSiz_E_1to3 BHskCovInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GNC_M_pct CIMMYT Silk_Date_ymd SD Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT red 3 Significantly (70%) damaged 4 CobGlAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SmaySev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ELng_M_cm orange 6 CIMMYT CSCMSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BCLSSev_E_1to9 CSmutSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 51-60% dead leave area 6 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GSucrose_M_umolg CIMMYT CIMMYT EHvst_Ct_earPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Ant_Date_ymd AD CIMMYT EWid_M_mm Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GxE Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT GW_FW_g100grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RABA_M_ngg CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ALBInc_Cmp_pct PsacchInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT severe infection 9 1 unrolled Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SLodgInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT CharRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 light purple floury 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DiatraeaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSSSev_E_1to5 1-10% dead leaf area 1 4 long CIMMYT GABA_M_pgg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla dark purple 3 low infection 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SteWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot GProt_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT EW_FW_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 intermediate TslDen_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla pointed 5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslBN_Ct_branch GZinc_M_ppm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PUnif_E_1to3 CIMMYT GRArr_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ELW_M_g Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TRustSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT GProline_M_mgg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla hard and transparent grains 1 CSucrose_M_umolg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PHTslB_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EW_FW_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT LProline_M_ugg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GWid_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT GY_DW_kgha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AleuCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT EH_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 4 not severely rolled leaves CobNb_CompRank_Bl3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RustSev_E_pct 2 very low infection Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PytSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AflavERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BmaySev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GWLostWeev_Cmp_pct 3 high ear position 100KW Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_DW_g100grn CIMMYT FgramERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Aflatox_M_ppb Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT flint 1 CIMMYT AspERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 6 medium to strong 1 very vigorous MCob_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT green 1 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLSSev_E_pct NDVI_M_idx Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT slightly (20%) damaged 2 PERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT white 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSCInc_Ct_plntPlot 1 no infection Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EturcSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT 71-80% dead leave area 8 dent 3 21-30% dead leaf area 3 3 level DMSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AWormDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 moderate to high level of blasting Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EDia_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BmaySev_E_1to5 BCLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GABA_M_ugg Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonSRInc_Cmp_pct primary 1 FmonERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LAsh_NIRS_pct DMSInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Mat_Date_ymd CIMMYT MD Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslTyp_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_Rank_number CIMMYT GrTast_CompRank_Bl3 absent 1 FmonERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMJInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MatT_CompRank_BL3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RLodgInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRDVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT 2 semi-floury (morocho), with an external layer of hard endoseprm. Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BusseolaInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT 9 81-90% dead leave area conical 3 LLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot 4 Significantly (70%) infested HSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT lax 1 CIMMYT ELLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSTVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BSDMInc_Ct_plntPlot 3 Lowest rank 3 semi open CIMMYT CSCMSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BactSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT GY_RGY_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 very compact postrate 5 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BwSpotSev_E_1to9 CharRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELChl_M_CCI CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla strong to very strong 8 low ear position 1 1 light green round 4 31-40% dead leaf area 4 LRollSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_RelChk_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ShellCobW_FW_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BCLSSev_E_1to5 5 dent LSucrose_M_mgg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SdlngDisInc_Ct_plntPlot variegated 4 CIMMYT DMJInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AWornDmg_CompRank_Bl3 straight 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ChiloDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PRI_M_idx CIMMYT no infestation 1 DsTol_CompRank_Bl3 semi-flint 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LWid_M_cm 5 brown sun red 2 present 2 2 weak AstriInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla brown 4 1 colorless yellow 4 3 normal Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StrigaDmg_E_1to5 5 severely rolled leaves, undesirable MRFVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslBlastSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RustSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla highly resistant, clean no (%) infection 1 absent 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PDMInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT purple 5 9 red CompLoc_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT RustSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 Highest rank CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLng_M_mm 3 dense 5 soft and opaque grains Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PytSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT 1 shrunken Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT low to moderate level of blasting 2 large 1 3 dense 2 good germination (70-89%) weak 3 3 primary-secondary-tertiary CIMMYT GW_FW_g200grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTW_M_lbbsh GxE moderately (50% ) infested 3 8 sweet 3 Lowest rank CIMMYT AstriInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Opaque 2/QPM 9 regular 1 2 good cylindrical 1 4 susceptible, disease symptoms covering upto 70% 4 Semi-dent, intermediate between dent and flint but closer to dent irregular 2 desirable 3 2 short semi erect 2 entity 5 other weak 4 2 grayyish white medium 3 0 absent vigorous 2 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AspERSev_E_pct CIMMYT 5 very poor normal 2 7 61-70% dead leave area Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TSCSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PHFL_M_cm CIMMYT CIMMYT DTM Mat_DT_day Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PLSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT very poor germination (0-10%) 5 no blasting 1 8 white cap 4 semi-soft and semi-opaque grains slightly (20%) infested 2 excellent germination (90-100%) 1 7 pop 2 Middle rank cylindrical-conical 2 purple 3 highly susceptible, disease symptoms covering >80% 5 5 orange medium to high infection 6 2 yellow 2 ear around mid-plant 11-20% dead leaf area 2 1 excellent 2 Middle rank 3 cylindrical Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GAsh_NIRS_pct 7 high infection intermediate germination (30-69%) 3 strong 7 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GOil_M_pct 4 spiral 5 Semi-flint, flint with a soft cap 4 rounded turgid leaves 2 5 other reddish 4 moderately susceptible, disease symptoms covering up to 50% 3 5 very high level of blasting 2 very weak to weak Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FungDis_E_0to1 5 highly (>80%) damaged brown 5 2 bronze 4 semi-dent 5 medium infection 5 very long 6 strongly pointed indented 2 acronym 2 semi-hard and semi-transparent grains Standard method for silk length. SilkLng - Measurement 1-9 Anthocyanin coloration scale Leaf LLng Leaf length Leaf length. length Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. DW GY - Measurement 1-6 Grain upper surface shape scale OP - Measurement Standard method for osmotic potential. 1-9 disease scoring scale day Observe maize busy stunt severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CSCMSev - Estimation % Multiple cob incidence MCob Incidence of multiple cobs, as plants that have multiple ears arising from a single node. Plant multiple cob incidence Observe sorghum downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMSSev - Estimation Observe dead leaf area per plant/plot and rate. Sen - Estimation Ear EN Ear number number Ear number. Comparative ranking by users method Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. GW DW - Measurement Stem borer damage includes different stem borers such as Chilo partellus, Sesamia spp. and Spodoptera. Stem borer damage StBorDmg Plant Stem borer damage Rank number 1-5 Vigor scale Plant BSDMInc Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Brown stripe downy mildew (Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae) incidence. Abscisic acid content Root RABA Root abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content in the root. water index WI A ratio between the reflectance at a water band wavelength to a nearby reference wavelength where there is no absorption due to water content variability. Plant Water index 1-3 density scale Osmotic adjustment as ability of the plant to adjust the osmotic potential under stress conditions. OA Plant osmotic adjustment Osmotic adjustment Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. GW FW - Measurement Standard method for tassel anthers Anthocyanin coloration. The observation should be made in the middle third of the main branch on fresh anthers. AntAnCol - Estimation Divide the total number of FmonSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. FmonSRInc - Computation Proline content in the root. Root RProl Proline content Root proline content Standard method for aflatoxin content. Aflatox - Measurement Sucrose content LSucrose Leaf Sucrose content in the leaf Leaf sucrose content 1-5 Grain texture scale Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. FW GY - Computation Uniformity of plants. Plant PUnif Plant uniformity uniformity Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence. Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence Plant Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence FmonSRInc StemCol Stem color Stem Color of the stem. color Observation of blasting severity of the tassel (necrosis due to heat stress) at the time of flowering. It occurs under extreme temperatures and drought. Tassel blasting severity TslBlastSev Tassel blasting severity Measure, when applicable, ear diameter at the central part of uppermost ears of at least 20 representative plants per accession. EDia - Measurement Leaf erectness Insertion angle of the leaves. LErect Leaf erectness GTyp type Grain Type of grain. Grain type 0-10 Senescence scale Observe tropical severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). TRustSev - Estimation Ear aspect Ear aspect EAsp Observation of harvested ears based on some morphological and agronomical characters such as ear size, total numbers of ear harvested per plot, ear damaged caused by insects or/and diseases. 1-5 Pericarp color scale ASI - Computation Count number of days from planting date to anthesis and silking to determine days to anthesis (DTA) and days to silking (DTS), respectively and determine anthesis silking interval (ASI) by calculating: ASI = DTS-DTA. Standard method for oil content GOil - Measurement Observe fusarium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FusERSev - Estimation Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) stalk rot incidence. Plant Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence StenSRInc Maize streak virus incidence Maize streak virus incidence (MSV) incidence. Maize streak virus incidence Plant MSVInc Divide the total number of BSDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. BSDMInc - Computation Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity. Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity FmonERSev Ear Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity Observe penicillium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). PERSev - Estimation Ear shelling ratio Standard method for plant uniformity PUnif - Estimation Fusarium stalk rot incidence Fusarium stalk rot incidence. Fusarium stalk rot incidence Plant FusSRInc EHvst Ear harvested number Ear Number of ears harvested. harvested number PpolySev - Estimation Observe polysora rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DW GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. TSCSev - Estimation Observe tarspot complex severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). ERInc - Counting Count the total number of ears that damaged or/and rotten per plot. Standard method for young leaf chlorophyll content. YLChl - Measurement MRCVInc Plant Mal de rio cuarto virus (MRCV) incidence. Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence ELLng - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf length. GTW - Computation Standard method for grain test weight. Stomatal conductance Stomatal conductance Leaf stomatal conductance SCond Leaf Ear Ear bad husk cover incidence bad husk cover incidence BHskCovInc Ears bad husk cover incidence. HSmutSev Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) severity. Plant Head smut severity Head smut severity Rank: 3 kg/ha color Color of the aleurone. Aleurone Aleurone color AleuCol Performance of a maize variety with the local variety Comparison with local Plant Comparison with local tiller/plant SLodgInc - Computation Divide the total numbers of plants with lodged stems by number of plants harvested. plant/plot Ear weight EW Weight of mature upper ear, including cob and kernels, and at a defined moisture content, although often this is not provided. Ear weight Endosperm Tryptophan content in grain endosperm. Endosperm Tryptophan content EndoTrp Tryptophan content mm Plant damage caused by Diabrotica species. Diabrotica damage Diabrotica damage Plant DiabroticaDmg Grain row number grain row number Number of grain rows in the central part of the uppermost ear. Ear GRN EWormInc Earworm incidence Ear worm (Heliothis) incidence. Ear Earworm incidence Standard method for cob tassel color. The anthocyanin coloration should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. CobGlCol - Estimation Stenocarpella ear rot severity SmaySev Ear Stenocarpella ear rot severity Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) ear rot severity. Grain number GN number Grain Grain number. DMSInc Sorghum downy mildew incidence Sorghum downy mildew incidence Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) incidence. Plant width EWid Ear width Ear Ear width. TslExer - Estimation Standard method for tassel exertion FgramERSev - Estimation Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on ears per plot based on degree of infection. Ear length Ear length. Ear length ELng Ear rot incidence Ear rot incidence. Ear Ear rot incidence ERInc SRInc - Computation Divide the total number of SRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. GTyp - Estimation Score the grains based on grain characters such as floury, dent per plot. Observe the plants that are damaged by any fungal diseases. FungDis - Estimation Tassel branch number TslBN number Tassel branch Number of branches on tassel. CCI ppm Grain GGlucose Glucose content Grain glucose content Glucose content in the grain. rolling severity Leaf LRollSev Leaf rolling severity Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. EShape - Estimation Standard method for ear shape Tropical rust (Physopella zeae) severity. Leaf Tropical rust severity Tropical rust severity TRustSev Whole-grain oil content. Grain Oil content Grain oil content GOil GUpSSh - Estimation Observe the shape of the upper surface of grain, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession, after harvest. Standard method for maize weevil number in a sample. Weevils were counted only once (at the end of a 45-d incubation period) WeevN - Counting Anthocyanin coloration SilkCol Anthocyanin coloration of stigmas. Silk Silk Anthocyanin coloration Count the number of plants that are affected by pythium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PytSRInc - Counting EndoLys - Measurement Standard method for endosperm lysin content. Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Plant DMVSev Maize dwarf mosaic virus severity Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) severity. PsacchInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Crazy top (Sclerophthora macrospora) incidence. CTMInc Crazy top downy mildew incidence Plant Crazy top downy mildew incidence Branching type of tassel. Tassel branching type Tassel branching type TslTyp Observe the plant damage caused by stem borer per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. StBorDmg - Estimation Lysine content in grain endosperm. EndoLys Endosperm Lysine content Endosperm Lysine content PAsp - Estimation Score the plants per plot combining several agronomical and morphological characters of plants such plant height, ear height, stem/root loading. Note: Combination of traits usually differ from one breeder to another depending on type of study. Pythium stalk rot incidence Plant PytSRInc Pythium stalk rot (Pythium spp.) incidence. Pythium stalk rot incidence PLSSev - Estimation Observe phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Divide the total number of LateWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. LateWiltInc - Computation Ear leaf weight weight ELW Weight of ear leaf (blade). Ear leaf MRCVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MRCV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Record date when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Ear leaf senescence date - Computation 1-6 Endosperm color scale 1-3 Tassel density scale LateWiltInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by late wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. EndoCol - Estimation Observe the endosperm color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. BactSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of BactSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Sucrose content in the cob CSucrose Cob Cob sucrose content Sucrose content ChiloDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by chilo per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. color GCol Grain Color of the grain. Grain color Penicillium ear rot severity Penicillium ear rot severity Ear PERSev Penicillium ear rot severity. Divide the total number of MRFV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MRFVInc - Computation Plant height from the base to the top part (in reproductive stages to the top of the tassel). PH height Plant Plant height Ear damage Ear damage EDmg Ear Ear damage caused by ear rot and/or insects, etc. NIRS Moi - Measurement Measure moisture of a grain sample using NIRS moisture analyzer. Adjusted GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. Grain ProvitaminA content Grain provitaminA content Whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. GVitA The hosts ability to reduce the effect of infection on its fitness regardless of the level of disease pathogen multiplication ( Disease tolerance Disease Tolerance Plant Observe fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FmonSRSev - Estimation Ear Common smut severity Common smut severity CSmutSev Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae) severity. Grain weight GW weight Grain weight of mature kernels. Grain TslGlBCol Tassel glumes base Anthocyanin coloration Tassel glumes base Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration at base of tassel glumes. 1-4 Ear shape scale Number of Striga hermonthica plants. Striga plant number Plant number Striga StrigaPN CobGlCol Color of the cob glumes. color Cob glumes Cob glumes color Ear Aspergillus ear rot severity. Aspergillus ear rot severity AspERSev Aspergillus ear rot severity Silking date - Estimation Observe plants carefully and record date when 50% of plants within a plot area have silks visible (female flowering date). This is determined on a daily basis by counting the number of plants with at least one silk extruded divided by the total number of plants in the plot. Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence Plant Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence. FgramSRInc Divide the total number of DMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMVInc - Computation Maize rough dwarf virus incidence Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) incidence. Maize rough dwarf virus incidence MRDVInc Plant Ear leaf senescence time. ELSen Ear leaf senescence time Plant ear leaf senescence time ¡C day Ear shape EShape Ear shape shape Ear umol/g ERInc - Computation Divide the total number of ears that are rotten by the total number of plants that are harvested. Count the total number of plants harvested per plot/entry. PHvst - Counting CTMInc - Computation Divide the total number of CTM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Gray leaf spot severity GLSSev Leaf Gray leaf spot severity Gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) severity. 1-5 Stem color scale cm Optimum number of measurements: i) Vegetative stage: Weekly measurements from 2 to 6 weeks after planting; ii) Flowering: only for inbred lines. NDVI - Measurement Standard method for plant vigor PVig - Estimation Divide the total number of StenSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. StenSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of PDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. PDMInc - Computation Standard method for glucose content. Glucose - Measurement yyyymmdd Standard method for whole-grain protein content. % Protein = % of nitrogen x 6.25 GProt - Computation BactSRInc Plant Bacterial stalk rot incidence Bacterial stalk rot (Erwinia chrysanthemi) incidence. Bacterial stalk rot incidence 1-5 Endosperm hardness scale PpolySev Polysora rust severity Leaf Polysora rust (in lowlands Puccinia polysora) severity. Polysora rust severity Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and maturity. Growing degree days to maturity - Computation Ear position as a ratio of ear height to plant height. Ear Ear position EPo position Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity Ear FgramERSev Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity. ShtPub - Estimation Standard method for sheath pubescence content. Leaf chlorophyll content. Leaf Chlorophyll content Chl Chlorophyll content Standard method for grain number. GN - Computation Grain weight loss by maize weevil weight loss by maize weevil Grain Loss of weight of the grain samples caused by weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) feeding during a given period of incubation. GWLostWeev UpESh shape Uppermost ear Shape of uppermost ear whether cylindrical or cylindrical-conical or conical or round. Uppermost ear shape g/plot Count the number of plants that are affected by maize bushy stunt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRFVInc - Counting Count the total number of emerged striga plants per plot. It is counted three times, 8 weeks, 10 weeks and 12 weeks after planting. StrigaPN - Counting CTMInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by CTM per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. 1-4 Grain row arrangement scale kg/plot Divide the total number of SeedlingDis affected plants by the total number of plants harvested. SdlngDisInc - Computation NIRS method for whole-grain tryptophan content. NIRS GTrp- Measurement Head smut incidence Head smut incidence Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) incidence. HSmutInc Plant EndoTrp - Measurement Standard method for endosperm tryptophan content. Leaf Leaf ash content LAsh Ash content Ash content in maize leaves. Standard method for whole-grain iron content. GIron - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the insertion of the first tassel branch, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. PHTslB - Measurement ng/g GProt Grain Grain protein content Whole-grain protein content. Protein content Divide the total number of PytSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. PytSRInc - Computation SteWiltInc Plant Stewart wilt (Erwinia stewartii) incidence. Stewarts wilt incidence Stewarts wilt incidence Seedling disease incidence. Plant Seedling disease incidence SdlngDisInc Seedling disease incidence Plant height to ligule of the flag leaf height to ligule of the flag leaf PHFL Plant Plant height from the base to the ligule of the flag leaf. 1-5 Tassel opening scale The hosts ability to reduce the effect of stress on its fitness regardless of the level of abiotic stress (flood, drought, …) applied Abiotic stress tolerance Plant Abiotic stress tolerance Army worm (syn. Spodoptera exempta) damage. Army worm damage Army worm damage AWormDmg Plant Grain test weight test weight Grain GTW Grain test weight of mature kernels. weevil DMSInc - Computation Divide the total number of DMS damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MSTVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MSTV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. EN - Computation Compute number of ears using the formula. AflavERSev - Estimation Observe aspergillus flavus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Measured with a portable chlorophyll meter (e.g. SPAD). Take the average measure from leaves of six alternating plants and use always leaves of similar insertion level. Chl - Measurement 1-5 disease scoring scale Sugarcane downy mildew incidence PsacchInc Plant Sugarcane downy mildew incidence Sugarcane downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sacchari) incidence. Count the number of plants that are affected by anthracnose leaf blight per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. ALBInc - Counting TslGlBAnCol - Estimation Standard method for glumes base tassel Anthocyanin coloration. Grain length Grain Grain length. GLng length vigor PVig Plant Plant vigor Plant vigor. Use formula to calculate ear sheeling ratio. Shell - Computation Plant maturity time Maturity time Maturity time. Count the plants that are affected by fusarium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FusSRInc - Counting EPo - Estimation Determine ear position using 1-3 scale. SLodgInc - Counting Count the number of plants with the stem lodged. The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. row/ear Anthracnose leaf blight incidence Anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola) incidence. ALBInc Anthracnose leaf blight incidence Plant FmonSRInc - Counting Count the plants that are affected by fusarium moniliforme stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Observe the ears damage caused by ear rot and/or insects per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. EDmg - Estimation mg/g Standard method for tassel blasting. TslBlastSev - Estimation EH - Measurement Recommended to take 6 alternating plants per plot and measure the height between the base of a plant to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear of the same plant, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. GCol - Estimation Observe color of grains. Busseola incidence Plant BusseolaInc Busseola damage incidence Busseola larvae incidence. GW Adjusted - Computation Compute grain weigh adjuted to 12.5% moisture. g/plant/day EndoHard - Estimation Determine quality of endosperm such as hardness in the lab and use 1-5 to scale to score it. Standard method for silk growth rate. SilkGrwR - Computation root lodging incidence RLodgInc Root lodging incidence Root lodging incidence. The plants that show root lodging, i.e. those stems that are inclining by more than 45¡. Plant Standard method for canopy temperature. CT - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain lysin content. GLys - Measurement ug/g Divide the total number of MSV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MSVInc - Computation ELng - Measurement Measure, when applicable, ear length of at least 20 representative plants per accession, record the data in the fieldbook. ChiloDmg Chilo (Chilo partellus) damage. Chilo damage Plant Chilo damage Thickness of the grain. Grain thickness Grain GThk thickness Count the number of ear damage caused by earworm per plot. EWormInc - Counting Standard method for sucrose content. Sucrose - Measurement Ear position ratio Aflatoxin content Grain Aflatoxins content produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin content Grain Aflatox Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and record weight. If at all possible, delay harvest of maize until its moisture content is low (15-25%). EarW Dry weight - Measurement TslTyp - Estimation Standard method for tassel type. LateWiltInc Late wilt incidence Late wilt (Cephalosporium maydis) incidence. Plant Late wilt incidence Measure the thickness of the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. GThk - Measurement Standard method for root capitance. RootCapac - Measurement Anthocyanin coloration Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration CobGlCol Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration of cob glumes. BCLSSev Bacterial leaf stripe severity Bacterial leaf stripe (Pseudomonas rubrilinians) severity. Leaf Bacterial leaf stripe severity pg/g Growth rate of silk. SilkGrwR growth rate Silk Silk growth rate Count the number of plants that are affected by mal de rio cuarto virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRCVInc - Counting Endosperm Endosperm protein content EndoProt Protein content Protein content in grain endosperm. Canopy normalized difference vegetation index. Plant NDVI normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index TslSiz Tassel size Tassel size. size Tassel The ratio of grain to total ear weight. Ear Shell Ear shelling ratio Shelling ratio Standard method for glumes tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The measurement should exclude the bases of the glumes. TslGlAnCol - Estimation marketability Grain marketability Grain marketability refers to the commercial viability or attractiveness of a particular type of grain for sale in the agricultural market. Grain Observe brown spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BwSpotSev - Estimation Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Plant DMVInc Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) incidence. Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity PLSSev Leaf Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (Phaeosphaeria maydis) severity. Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity CSmutInc Common smut incidence Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae)incidence. Plant Common smut incidence HSmutSev - Estimation Observe head smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Tryptophan content Grain GTrp Whole-grain Tryptophan content. Grain Tryptophan content Leaf Color of the leaf. color Leaf color LCol StrigaDmg Damage of Striga hermonthica plants on maize plants. Striga damage Plant Striga damage Observe bacterial leaf stripe severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BCLSSev - Estimation The trait is scored for the response to the diseases caused by several fungi. Fungal disease presence FungDis Plant Fungal disease presence Relative to check - Computation Calculated as relative grain yield agaisnst the best check in percentage. Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and 50% anthesis. Growing degree days to anthesis - Computation Grain GTex texture Grain texture as a measure of the variation on the intensity of a surface, quantifying properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. Grain texture Brown spot (Physoderma maydis) severity. Brown spot severity BwSpotSev Leaf Brown spot severity Divide the total number of MRDV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MRDVInc - Computation Leaf Common rust severity Common rust severity CRustSev Severity of common rust ( Puccinia sorghi). Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products Standard method for water index. WI - Measurement TslCol Anthocyanin coloration of tassel. Tassel Anthocyanin coloration Tassel Anthocyanin coloration ppb Leaf Leaf width. LWid Leaf width width branch Large grain borer damage LGBDmg Large grain borer damage Large grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) damage. Grain Corn stunt complex (corn stunt spiroplasma, maize bushy stunt phytoplasma [= mycoplasma], maize rayado fino virus) incidence. CSCInc Plant Corn stunt incidence Corn stunt incidence Ash content GAsh Grain ash content Whole-grain ash content. Grain Cob number Number of cobs Number Cob t/ha Count the number of plants that are affected by stenocarpella stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. StenSRInc - Counting Observe shape of uppermost ear. UpESh - Estimation Use ear height and plant height data of the same plants per plot and calculate the ratio. Small values indicate low ear position; large values indicate high ear position. EPo - Computation Grain taste taste Grain Taste of the grain (after cooking? Raw?) Endosperm color EndoCol Color of the endosperm. Endosperm color NIRS LAsh - Measurement NIRS method for leaves ash content BmaySev Maydis leaf blight severity Maydis leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis = Helminthosporium maydis) severity. Leaf Maydis leaf blight severity Fusarium ear rot severity. FusERSev Fusarium ear rot severity Ear Fusarium ear rot severity Germination Germination rate Germination rate is calculated by dividing the number of seeds that sprout by the total number of seeds started, and then multiplying that number by 100 to get a percentage. Grain YLChl Young leaf Chlorophyll content Young leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in the young leaf. Divide the total number of ALB damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. ALBInc - Computation Observe curvularia leaf spot severity on plants per plot based on the degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CLSSev - Estimation NIRS GProt- Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain protein content. Downy mildew severity Downy mildew severity DMSev Downy mildews (several species of the genera Peronosclerospora, Sclerospora, and Sclerophthora) severity. Leaf lb/bsh Observe the variation of the intensity of a kernel/grain surface and score grain texture based on properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. GTex - Estimation NIRS method for oil content NIRS GOil - Measurement CSmutSev - Estimation Observe common smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). RustSev - Estimation Observe rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize dwarf mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PRI Photochemical radiation index photochemical radiation index Photochemical radiation index. A canopy reflectance index indicating photosynthetic radiation use efficiency. Plant Seedling vigor SdlngVig Seedling vigor Seedling vigor. Ear leaf length Ear leaf length Ear leaf (blade) length. ELLng Sucrose content in the root. Root sucrose content RSucrose Root Sucrose content ShellCobW Weight of shelled cob. Shelled cob weight or yield Shelled cob weight Grain Whole-grain starch content. GStarch Starch content Grain starch content Rust severity Multiple rust pathogens severity. Leaf RustSev Rust severity GProline Grain proline content Grain Proline content in the grain. Proline content Ranking:3 Observe the plant damage caused by Diatraea plot. DiatraeaDmg - Estimation Silking time. Silking time silking time Plant Silk Grain moisture content GMoi Grain moisture Grain moisture. Observe turcicum leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). EturcSev - Estimation HskCov - Estimation Observe the ears hask cover and rate it. EarW Field weight - Measurement Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried ears. 1-5 damage scoring scale Plant Stem lodging incidence SLodgInc stem lodging incidence Stem lodging incidence. The plants that show stem lodging, i.e. those stems that are broken below the ear. Standard germination. Grain Standard germination StdGerm Standard germination method_of GStarch - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain starch content. RLodgInc - Counting Count the number of plants that show root lodging and record data in filedbook. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. ug/mg Days to ear leaf senescence date - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Count the number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and ear leaf senescence date. Grain Abscisic acid content in the grain. GABA Grain abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content Divide the total number of ears with bad husk cover by the total number of ears harvested. BHskCovInc - Computation Count total number of grain rows in the ear. GCol - Estimation Seed weight loss was determined using the count and weight method of Gwinner et al (1996). Weight loss (%) = (Wu x Nd) - (Wd x Nu) x 100 / Wu x (Nd + Nu) where Wu=weight of the undamaged seed, Nu = number of undamaged seed, Wd = Weight of damaged seed, and Nd=Number of damaged seed. GWLostWeev - Measurement Seed size for target use/market Size of seeds matching demand for a use or a market size Grain MCob - Computation Divide the total number of Chupon plants by the total number of plants harvested. Grain yield per unit area, either field weight basis, dry weight basis or adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. GY Grain yield Grain yield Stalk rot incidence SRInc Plant Stalk rot incidence Stalk rot (multiple pathogens or an unidentified pathogen) incidence. 1-4 Leaf erectness scale DMSev - Estimation Observe downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMSInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sorghum downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Observe fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FmonERSev - Estimation Java downy mildew incidence Java downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis) incidence. Plant DMJInc Java downy mildew incidence GRArr - Estimation Observe grain row arrangement in the harvested ears and rate 1-4 categorical scale. Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. Dry weight basis GY - Computation Sorghum downy mildew severity DMSSev Sorghum downy mildew severity Plant Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) severity. GAsh - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain ash content Count the number of plants that are affected by charcoal rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CharRInc - Counting Count the total number of plants that are affected by corn stunt complex per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CSCInc - Counting DMJInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by DMJ per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Tar spot complex severity TSCSev Tar spot complex severity Leaf Tar spot complex (Phyllachora maydis, Monographella maydis) severity. Standard method for ear leaf weight. ELW - Measurement 1-5 Leaf rolling severity scale MCob - Counting Count the number of plants that have more than one ear growing from the same node. EndoHard hardness Endosperm Endosperm hardness. Endosperm hardness BHskCovInc - Estimation Observation of ears with bad husk cover. Black bundle incidence AstriInc Black bundle incidence Black bundle (Acremonium strictum) incidence. Plant Mpa CSmutInc - Computation Divide the total number of CSN damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. 1-2 absent-present scale SteWiltInc - Computation Divide the total number of SteWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. 1-5 rating scale Standard method for tassel density TslDen - Estimation Abscisic acid content LABA Leaf abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content in the leaf. Leaf upper surface shape GUpSSh Grain upper surface shape Grain Shape of the upper surface of grain. Weight of tassel branches. Tassel branch weight TslBW Tassel branch weight Tassel Tassel exertion TslExer exertion Tassel exertion. 0-1 absent-present scale Whole-grain iron content. GIron Iron content Grain iron content Grain Anthesis date - Estimation Date when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and record the date. length Silk length Silk length. Silk SilkLng DTS - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants silk. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and silking date. ShtPub pubescence Sheath Presence and intensity of hairs on the surface of the leaf sheath. Sheath pubescence MRDVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize rough dwarf virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Ear grain rows arrangement. grain row arrangement Ear GRArr Grain row arrangement Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Comparative ranking by farmers method Observe common rust severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CRustSev - Estimation BHskCovInc - Counting Count the total number of ears with bad husk cover. GWid - Measurement Measure on the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. Days to maturity - Computation Number of days required from seeding to grain ripening. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and maturity date. FgramSRInc - Counting Count the plants that are affected by fusarium graminearum stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Plant PHTslB Plant height from the base to the insertion of the first tassel branch. height to insertion of first tassel branch Plant height to insertion of first tassel branch Observe GLS severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). GLSSev - Estimation MSVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. HskCov husk cover Ear husk cover observed as degree of the husk covering the tip of the ear. Ear Ear husk cover PDMInc Philippine downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis) incidence. Philippine downy mildew incidence Philippine downy mildew incidence Plant Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) incidence. Maize rayado fino virus incidence Maize rayado fino virus incidence MRFVInc Plant Standard method for whole-grain zinc content. GZinc - Measurement Corn Spiroplasma stunt severity Plant CSSSev Corn stunt spiroplasma severity Corn stunt spiroplasma severity. 1-5 WeevDmgInc scale Tassel Density of spikelets. density Tassel density TslDen NIRS method for whole-grain ash content NIRS GAsh - Measurement GNC Grain Nitrogen content Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Nitrogen content Grain GLng - Measurement Average of 10 consecutive grains from one row in the middle of the uppermost ear, measured with calliper. EWormInc - Computation Divide the total number of EWDMG damaged ears by the total number of plants harvested. Ear height EH Plant height to insertion of uppermost ear Plant height from base to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear. Busseola damage BusseolaDmg Busseola damage Plant Plant damage caused by Busseola larvae. DiabroticaDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by Diabrotica per plot. 1-5 Anthocyanin coloration scale PStand - Counting Count total number of plants per plot. Observe maize dwarf mosaic virus severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMVSev - Estimation GSucrose Grain Sucrose content Grain sucrose content Sucrose content in the grain Earworm damage Earworm damage Ear worm (Heliothis) damage. Ear EWormDmg uF ng/µg Observe the stem color between the two topmost ears. StemCol - Estimation 1-3 Plant uniformity scale SCMVInc Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence Plant Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) incidence. 1-11 Grain type scale Divide the total number of ASTRI damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. AstriInc - Computation Harvest ears per plot (eliminate first and last plants to avoid border effects) and score ear aspect combining several ear-associated traits. Note: Combination of traits usually differs from one breeder to another depending on type of study. EAsp - Estimation Count the number of plants that are affected by stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SRInc - Counting OA - Measurement Standard method for osmotic adjustment. Standard method for proline content. Proline - Measurement Plant Lodging incidence Observation of lodging severity. LodgInc lodging incidence Text AstriInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by black bundle per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. mmol /m2/s BmaySev - Estimation Observe maydis leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). TslBW - Measurement Standard method for tassel branches dry weight. Number of plants harvested per unit area. PHvst Plants harvested Plant havested number Observe aspergillus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). AspERSev - Estimation Divide the total number of CSC damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CSCInc - Computation Tillering tillering Number of tillers per plant. Plant Tillering Standard method for abscisic acid content. ABA - Measurement Banded leaf and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii) severity. Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Leaf BLSBSev StrigaDmg - Estimation Observe the maize plant damage caused by striga per plot. Standard method for tassel Anthocyanin coloration. TslAnCol - Estimation EHvst - Counting Count the total number of ears harvested per plot/entry, excluding secondary ears that are extremely small. g/1000grain lb/plot Standard method for standard germination StdGerm - Estimation Count the number of plants that are affected by stewart wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SteWiltInc - Counting MSVSev - Estimation Observe the plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Maturity date - Estimation Record the date when excised kernels are longitudinally cut to expose a black internal abscission layer at the base of the kernel that signals the kernel has ceased to absorb nutrients or moisture from the mother plants. Count the number of plants that are affected by maize stripe virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MSTVInc - Counting PH - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the top of the tassel, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. 1-5 Tassel blasting severity scale PsacchInc - Computation Divide the total number of Psacch damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. BLSBSev - Estimation Observe banded leaf and sheath blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Observe maize lethal necrosis severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). MLNSev - Estimation DW GY - Measurement Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. Plant aspect PAsp Qualitative observation of plant ideotype. In another word, it rates characteristics such as plant and ear height, uniformity of plants, disease and insect damage, and lodging. aspect Plant Chlorophyll content in the ear leaf. Ear leaf chlorophyll content ELChl Chlorophyll content Ear leaf Zinc content Whole-grain zinc content. Grain zinc content Grain GZinc Measured with a portable porometer. Take the measures in the middle between leaf tip and leaf base, and in between leaf midrib and leaf rim. Blade sections measured must to be exposed to sunlight for at least the 30 minutes before. Measurements always performed in the same side of the leaf (usually the lower or abaxial one). One measurement per leaf, and at least 3 per plot. 1 min per measurement. SCond - Measurement Maize bushy stunt severity Maize bushy stunt (caused by mycoplasma like organism, MLO) severity. CSCMSev Plant Maize bushy stunt severity TslGlCol Anthocyanin coloration Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration of tassel glumes excluding the bases of the glumes. Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration Proline content in the leaf. LProline Proline content Leaf Leaf proline content Divide the total number of SCMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SCMVInc - Computation PDMInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by philippine downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Divide the total number of CharRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CharRInc - Computation HSmutInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by head smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Record shelled cob field weight. ShellCobW - Measurement (duplicate) FW GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. index OP osmotic potential Plant A measure of the potential of water to move between regions of differing concentrations across a water-permeable membrane. Osmotic potential Whole-grain Lysine content. Lysine content Grain Lysine content GLys Grain Days to anthesis - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and score the number of days from sowing. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and anthesis date. Pest tolerance Pest tolerance The hosts ability to reduce the effect of damages on its fitness regardless of the level of pest pathogen multiplication ( Plant Count the number of plants that are affected by bacterial stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. BactSRInc - Counting g/100grain ¡C ear/plot Scored for severity of lodging. LodgInc - Estimation GNC - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain Nitrogen content 1-5 Leaf color scale Anther Anther Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of anthers. AntCol Anthocyanin coloration Standard method for tassel opening TslOpen - Estimation Standard method for whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. GVitA - Measurement Plant MSVSev Maize streak virus severity Maize streak virus severity (MSV) severity. Maize streak virus severity LErect - Estimation Standard method for leaf erectness g PStand Plant stand stand Plant Number of plants per unit area. SilkAnCol - Estimation Standard method for silk Anthocyanin coloration. Plant Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) severity. MLNSev Maize lethal necrosis severity Maize lethal necrosis severity TslBN - Counting Standard method for tassel branches number. 1-5 Tassel exertion scale 1-9 Grain color scale Observe the aleurone color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. AleuCol - Estimation 1-5 Standard germination scale FmonSRSev Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity Plant Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity. Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity Charcoal rot incidence Charcoal rot incidence Charcoal rot or (Macrophomina phaseolina) incidence. Plant CharRInc Ear Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity. Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity AflavERSev Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity AphDmg Aphid damage Aphid damage Aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis) damage. Plant WeevInc - Estimation Score maize weevil damage on the plants per plot. ASI Anthesis silking interval Plant anthesis silking interval Anthesis silking interval. MSTVInc Maize stripe virus incidence Plant Maize stripe virus incidence Maize stripe virus (MSTV) incidence. Divide the total number of DMJ damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMJInc - Computation SCMVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. HSmutInc - Computation Divide the total number of HSmut damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Standard method for ear growth rate. EGrwR - Computation Leaf senescence. senescence Senescence Leaf Sen 1-3 Cob color scale WeevInc Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) incidence on grain. Maize weevil incidence Maize weevil incidence Grain RLodgInc - Computation Divide the total number of plants that are root lodged due to weak soil or poorly developed anchorage roots by the total number of plants that are harvested. Count the number of tillers per plant (average of more than 20 representative) plants. Tillering - Counting Ear diameter EDia Ear diameter measured at the central part of uppermost ear. diameter Ear Divide the total number of FgramSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. FgramSRInc - Computation GWid width Grain width. Grain width Grain EWid - Measurement Meaure ear width. EN - Counting Count the number of ears. Glucose content Glucose content in the root. Root glucose content RGlucose Root TslOpen opening Tassel opening Tassel Tassel angle. 1-3 size scale Ant anthesis time Anthesis time. Plant Anthesis time Standard method for leaves ash content LAsh- Measurement EWormDmg - Measurement Standard method for earworm damage measured in cm of feeding. 0 - no ear damage, 1 - 1 cm, + 1 for each additional cm of feeding CSmutInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by the common smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Score the tassels based on size using 1-3 categorical scale. TslSiz - Estimation CSSSev - Estimation Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection. EndoProt - Measurement Standard method for endosperm protein content. Curvularia leaf spot severity CLSSev Curvularia leaf spot severity Curvularia leaf spot (Curvularia spp.) severity. Leaf 1-5 Aleurone color scale Observe the plant damage caused by aphids per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AphDmg - Estimation Standard method for leaf color. LCol - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by large grain borer per plot LGBDmg - Estimation grain/plant GTrp - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain tryptophan content. Color of the pericarp. color PericCol Pericarp Pericarp color cm/day LRollSev - Estimation Observe the plants per plot with the leaves rolled. Plant DiatraeaDmg Diatraea damage Diatraea damage Plant damage caused by Diatraea species. 1-3 Tassel branching type scale g/200grain Divide the total number of FusSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. FusSRInc - Computation Grain storability refers to the ability of grains to remain viable and maintain their quality over a period of time when stored under a given condition. storability Grain storability Grain variable_of Standard method for ear leaf chlorophyll content. ELChl - Measurement ear/plant Relative grain yield expressed as percentage of the mean grain yield of the trial. Values above 100% indicate above-average performance; values below 100% indicate below-average performance. RGY - Computation EarW Individual - Measurement Harvest a mature upper ear and measure its weight BusseolaInc - Counting Count the number plants that are damaged by busseola (african stem borer) per plot. PericCol - Estimation Observe the pericarp color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. PRI - Measurement Standard method for photochemical radiation index. Canopy temperature. canopy temperature Plant Canopy temperature CT 1-3 Ear position scale Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum = Helminthosporium turcicum) severity. EturcSev Turcicum leaf blight severity Turcicum leaf blight severity Leaf 1-3 Ear shape scale Observe stenocarpella ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). SmaySev - Estimation Growth rate of the ear(s) on a plant. It may include the sum of the apical and sub-apical ear growth from prolific plants. growth rate EGrwR Ear growth rate Ear FW GY - Measurement Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and record fresh (field) weight. Plants ability to thrive, adapt, and produce desired outcomes in a given environment or context. Overall performance Overall performance Plant Measure sample weight of grains per plot after harvest, record dry weight of the same samples and calculate grain moisture content for each sample using formula: 100*(Wt of sample - Dry Weight)/Wt of sample. GMoi - Computation Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height between the base of a plant to the ligule of the flag leaf, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. PHFL - Measurement AWormDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by army worms per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Count the number of plants that are affected by brown stripe downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. BSDMInc - Counting GYRank - Computation It is calculated as the numerical position of the progeny when yields are arrenged from highest to lowest. LWid - Measurement Take same leaf measured for leaf length and measure mid-way along its length. Root capacitance Root RootCapac capacitance Estimation of root mass at the end of the stress using an electrical capacitance meter. Maize weevil number Grain Maize weevil number in Grain The number of maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) hatching and emerging from an infested grain sample within a given period. Large values indicate susceptibility to grain weevils, small values indicate partial resistance to grain weevils. WeevN Count the seedling that are affected by seedling diseases per plot. SdlngDisInc - Counting scale_of LLng - Measurement Measure the leaf which subtends the uppermost ear from ligule to apex. Standard method for cob tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The anthocyanin Anthocyanin colorationation should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. CobGlAnCol - Estimation