Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSSSev_E_pct CIMMYT present 2 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TSCSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELSen_Date_ymd ELSenD CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTyp_E_1to11 PRI_M_idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoTrp_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BCLSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT GNC_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LABA_M_ngg DMSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BwSpotSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Gcol_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PHFL_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SCond_M_mmolm2s 5 brown MCob_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EWormInc_Cmp_pct CSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_DW_g200grn 200KW Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla attribute 4 variegated AstriInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_FW_kgPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TSCSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 41-50% dead leave area MSVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BmaySev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GOil_M_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GSucrose_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StBorDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT MRCVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DTA CIMMYT Ant_DT_day Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GrMark_CompRank_Bl3 MRFVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DsTol_CompRank_Bl3 EAsp_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PLSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EShape_E_1to3 SilkAnCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BHskCovInc_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LProline_M_ugg CIMMYT 2 compact Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GGlucose_M_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT CSmutSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 low ear position 7 61-70% dead leave area CIMMYT GGlucose_M_ugmg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MD Mat_Date_ymd CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PStand_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT StenSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 short CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LCol_E_1to5 BactSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla OA_M_Mpa PHTslB_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT GY_CompRank_Bl3 ELng_M_mm GxE Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ShellCobW_FW_kgPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 6 medium to strong CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GWid_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LLng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRFVInc_Ct_plntPlot Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonERSev_E_pct CIMMYT 1000KW TGW GW_DW_g1000grn TKW CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EW_M_gear BusseolaInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GTrp_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AflavERSev_E_pct 2 secondary GY_Adj_kgha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 5 postrate CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_kgPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCInc_Cmp_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MLNSev_E_pct CIMMYT CSucrose_M_umolg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT acronym Silk_Date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SD CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SmaySev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ERInc_Ct_earPlot CIMMYT CLSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CRustSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslDen_E_1to3 CIMMYT GRN_Ct_rowear CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 11-20% dead leaf area PericCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCMSev_E_pct GProt_NIRS_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCMSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT ELW_M_g Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GTrp_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SdlngDisInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StemCol_E_1to5 AWormDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT PpolySev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Ant_Date_ymd AD CIMMYT CIMMYT RGlucose_M_ngug Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GrTast_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT HSmutSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PH_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AflavERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslOpen_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 primary-secondary-tertiary 3 cylindrical SteWiltInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PstTol_CompRank_Bl3 1 1-10% dead leaf area 3 red CharRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EW_FW_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Sen_E_pct sweet 8 very high level of blasting 5 5 highly susceptible, disease symptoms covering >80% CIMMYT ALBInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BSDMInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT EWormDmg_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 indented UpESh_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT CobGlAnCol_E_1to9 4 purple MatT_CompRank_BL3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla WeevN_Ct_weevil RustSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT mottled 7 very long 5 red 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Tillering_Ct_tllrplnt 1 no blasting Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT LodgInc_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GAsh_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CTMInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT ERInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_FW_g100grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 irregular BmaySev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla turgid leaves 2 GIron_M_ppm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCMSev_E_1to5 AleuCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Sen_E_0to10 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Silk_DT_day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DTS CIMMYT EGrwR_Cmp_gplntday Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonSRSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT TRustSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HSmutInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Aflatox_M_ppb CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LAsh_M_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EturcSev_E_pct CIMMYT primary 1 HskCov_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MLNSev_E_1to5 1 absent Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StenSRInc_Cmp_pct FgramSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GOil_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TRustSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EndoCol_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GMoi_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla very weak 5 2 very weak to weak semi-dent 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SmaySev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PytSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StrigaDmg_E_1to5 SilkLng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AntAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StrigaPN_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSev_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RLodgInc_Cmp_pct PytSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla erect 1 AWornDmg_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EturcSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GABA_M_pgg 3 conical EN_Cmp_earplnt CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TSCSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT MSVSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonSRSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CTMInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LSucrose_M_umolg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AspERSev_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla OP_M_Mpa 3 medium 4 poor Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GStarch_M_pct GVitA_M_µgg CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GxE Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EWid_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_Adj_g100grn PERSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT GMoi_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DTELSen ELSen_DT_day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTex_E_1to5 1 absent DiatraeaDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_RelChk_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_RGY_pct CIMMYT GLSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla drooping 4 FgramERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BHskCovInc_Ct_plntPlot 3 Lowest rank CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LSucrose_M_mgg 5 very poor CIMMYT CharRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RustSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT BmaySev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 low infection CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 100KW GW_DW_g100grn 3 pale yellow CIMMYT TslGlBAnCol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EPo_E_1to3 CIMMYT CIMMYT DMSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla semi open 3 EW_DW_kgPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MLNSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_kgha CIMMYT FgramERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PsacchInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslAnCol_E_1to5 3 high ear position Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_gPlot CIMMYT CIMMYT CSSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BwSpotSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT 2 grayyish white CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_FW_g200grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LAsh_NIRS_pct CIMMYT very short 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ASI_Cmp_day 1 lax PAsp_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PHvst_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT AflavERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_tha BLSBSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RABA_M_ngg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EH_M_cm CIMMYT FungDis_E_0to1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_Rank_number PLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMJInc_Cmp_pct GWLostWeev_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LWid_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ShellCobW_FW_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SCMVInc_Cmp_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PpolySev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT CobGlCol_E_1to3 CIMMYT AntAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLSSev_E_pct 5 severely rolled leaves, undesirable EndoLys_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GProline_M_mgg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GProt_Cmp_pct SilkGrwR_Cmp_cmday CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LErect_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoProt_M_pct CIMMYT 5 medium CIMMYT LateWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSCInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GABA_M_ugg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 highly resistant, clean no (%) infection CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PUnif_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRArr_E_1to4 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EturcSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT AntAnCol_E_1to2 CIMMYT TslBN_Ct_branch Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GSucrose_M_umolg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslGlBAnCol_E_1to2 Mat_DT_day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DTM flint 1 MSTVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT moderate level of blasting 3 Significantly (70%) damaged 4 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HSmutSev_E_1to5 6 51-60% dead leave area 4 low to medium infection MSTVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EWormInc_Ct_plntPlot flint 6 2 low to moderate level of blasting CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslBW_DW_g CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslGlBAnCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BSDMInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutInc_Cmp_pct GY_FW_tha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_Adj_g1000grn CIMMYT GThk_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GUpSSh_E_1to6 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla bronze 2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla WI_M_idx FgramERSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SCMVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT 1 unrolled 4 purple white cap 6 intermediate 2 CIMMYT NDVI_M_idx Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla moderately (50% ) damaged 3 2 semi-hard and semi-transparent grains CLSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ELChl_M_CCI Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLSBSev_E_pct CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT CRustSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AspERSev_E_1to9 vigorous 2 Chl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla no dead leaf area 0 71-80% dead leave area 8 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GN_Cmp_grnplnt MSVSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BHskCovInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla mixed 3 hard and transparent grains 1 EW_FW_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 weak Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla WeevInc_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AspERSev_E_1to5 3 semi horizontal ALBInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 7 high infection CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRCVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BusseolaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT GmRt_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PLSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GZinc_M_ppm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonSRInc_Cmp_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSSev_E_pct CIMMYT AbStr_CompRank_Bl3 LGBDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla very compact 1 3 level ChiloDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 cylindrical 3 straight 9 Opaque 2/QPM BCLSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CRustSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CT_M_C Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PDMInc_Ct_plntPlot 4 reddish Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BwSpotSev_E_1to5 GY_FW_lbPlot GxE Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 brown 4 poor germination (11-29%) cream 2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslTyp_E_1to3 CIMMYT TslSiz_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PpolySev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AphDmg_E_1to5 2 Middle rank CompLoc_CompRank_Bl3 semi-soft and semi-opaque grains 4 Ant_Cmp_Cday CIMMYT AnthesisGDU Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLng_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT RustSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla YLChl_M_CCI 2 slightly (20%) infested DMJInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 purple CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PsacchInc_Ct_plntPlot spiral 4 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CLSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT HSmutSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla weak 4 1 green Middle rank 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FungDis_E_text no infestation 1 cylindrical-conical 2 Significantly (70%) infested 4 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLng_M_mm weak 3 StdGerm_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LRollSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT long 4 2 slightly (20%) damaged 7 strong white 1 CIMMYT EDia_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslBlastSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RSucrose_M_ngug CIMMYT CobNb_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SteWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot 2 yellow GxE Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTW_M_lbbsh SdSizUse_compRank_Bl3 3 dense GrStor_CompRank_Bl3 GLys_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SdlngVig_E_1to5 brown 4 BCLSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla white 1 absent or very weak 1 dense 3 intermediate 3 2 medium CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BLSBSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT BactSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 ear around mid-plant Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SmaySev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot 3 small 4 open 3 Lowest rank CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ShtPub_E_1to3 normal 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MRDVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RootCapac_M_uF CIMMYT 5 orange rounded 4 3 desirable MCob_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla not severely rolled leaves 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMVSev_Ct_plntPlot very poor germination (0-10%) 5 yellow 4 1 excellent germination (90-100%) Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PERSev_E_1to5 1 colorless 8 very high infection CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_FW_g1000grn 3 red Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PVig_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslExer_E_1to5 SdlngDisInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Shell_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT FusERSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSVSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla moderate to high level of blasting 4 3 moderately susceptible, disease symptoms covering up to 50% 2 good 1 regular GW_Adj_g200grn CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla green 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DiabroticaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT resistant, disease symptoms covering up to 20% 2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EPo_Cmp_ratio Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Shell_Cmp_ratio CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PDMInc_Cmp_pct Highest rank 1 1 present 2 good germination (70-89%) 5 other CIMMYT GAsh_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AstriInc_Cmp_pct red 9 very low infection 2 PERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 highly (>80%) damaged orange 6 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Mat_Cmp_Cday MaturityGDU CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_gPlot FmonSRSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EHvst_Ct_earPlot 1 no infection light green 1 RProl_M_ugg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 100% 2 semi-floury (morocho), with an external layer of hard endoseprm. GY_FW_kgha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRDVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT severe infection 9 CSmutSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT OvPerf_CompRank_Bl3 1 white 5 soft and opaque grains 6 strongly pointed 5 pointed TRustSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_Adj_tha SLodgInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla weak to medium 4 semi-flint 2 3 dark green 1 large CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EN_Ct_earPlot medium to high infection 6 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ELLng_M_cm medium 3 2 sun red Semi-dent, intermediate between dent and flint but closer to dent 4 3 dent Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LateWiltInc_Cmp_pct susceptible, disease symptoms covering upto 70% 4 95% 2 intermediate grain hardness 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT dent 5 DMVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EndoHard_E_1to5 intermediate 3 excellent 1 5 very strong intermediate germination (30-69%) 3 2 light purple 21-30% dead leaf area 3 8 strong to very strong very strong 9 semi erect 2 8 white cap round 4 MAIZE ontology 5 medium infection shrunken 1 CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to2 31-40% dead leaf area 4 5 other clean, no damage 1 1 very vigorous 9 81-90% dead leave area 5 purple entity 1 sparse 7 pop Highest rank 1 5 severly infested normal 3 3 dark purple 1 colorless absent 0 moderately (50% ) infested 3 2 conical-cylindrical 4 strong conical 1 1 floury 5 Semi-flint, flint with a soft cap % 1-9 disease scoring scale Observation of lodging severity. Lodging incidence lodging incidence Plant LodgInc Plants harvested havested number Number of plants harvested per unit area. Plant PHvst Plant Corn stunt spiroplasma severity. CSSSev Corn stunt spiroplasma severity Corn Spiroplasma stunt severity Tillering tillering Tillering Plant Number of tillers per plant. Ear ELng length Ear length. Ear length GProt - Computation Standard method for whole-grain protein content. % Protein = % of nitrogen x 6.25 1-4 Grain row arrangement scale RootCapac - Measurement Standard method for root capitance. length Silk length. SilkLng Silk length Silk Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. GW DW - Measurement Divide the total number of MSV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MSVInc - Computation GIron - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain iron content. Grain GZinc Zinc content Whole-grain zinc content. Grain zinc content Standard method for glucose content. Glucose - Measurement Qualitative observation of plant ideotype. In another word, it rates characteristics such as plant and ear height, uniformity of plants, disease and insect damage, and lodging. Plant aspect PAsp Plant aspect GW FW - Measurement Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. LCol - Estimation Standard method for leaf color. Record shelled cob field weight. ShellCobW - Measurement (duplicate) DMSInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sorghum downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. plant/plot ShtPub - Estimation Standard method for sheath pubescence content. HSmutSev - Estimation Observe head smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). GNC - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain Nitrogen content Plant PVig Plant vigor. Plant vigor vigor SdlngDisInc - Computation Divide the total number of SeedlingDis affected plants by the total number of plants harvested. Ear leaf senescence time Plant ELSen ear leaf senescence time Ear leaf senescence time. 1-3 density scale The trait is scored for the response to the diseases caused by several fungi. FungDis Fungal disease presence Fungal disease presence Plant Glucose content in the root. Root Glucose content Root glucose content RGlucose CharRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by charcoal rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. TslDen - Estimation Standard method for tassel density Sucrose content Root RSucrose Root sucrose content Sucrose content in the root. Dry weight basis GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. Grain upper surface shape GUpSSh upper surface shape Grain Shape of the upper surface of grain. lb/bsh Tassel branch weight Tassel branch Weight of tassel branches. weight TslBW PpolySev - Estimation Observe polysora rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). weevil cm FmonSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FmonSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Standard method for ear leaf weight. ELW - Measurement 1-5 Anthocyanin coloration scale Abiotic stress tolerance Abiotic stress tolerance The hosts ability to reduce the effect of stress on its fitness regardless of the level of abiotic stress (flood, drought, …) applied Plant Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) severity. Plant Head smut severity Head smut severity HSmutSev Number of plants per unit area. PStand Plant Plant stand stand CSmutSev - Estimation Observe common smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Protein content GProt Grain Whole-grain protein content. Grain protein content EWormInc Ear Earworm incidence Ear worm (Heliothis) incidence. Earworm incidence grain/plant Damage of Striga hermonthica plants on maize plants. StrigaDmg Plant Striga damage Striga damage Standard method for tassel anthers Anthocyanin coloration. The observation should be made in the middle third of the main branch on fresh anthers. AntAnCol - Estimation Divide the total number of SRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SRInc - Computation Curvularia leaf spot severity CLSSev Leaf Curvularia leaf spot severity Curvularia leaf spot (Curvularia spp.) severity. AphDmg Aphid damage Aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis) damage. Aphid damage Plant PERSev Penicillium ear rot severity Penicillium ear rot severity Penicillium ear rot severity. Ear Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae) severity. Ear CSmutSev Common smut severity Common smut severity Divide the total number of MRDV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MRDVInc - Computation Root RootCapac Root capacitance Estimation of root mass at the end of the stress using an electrical capacitance meter. capacitance Plant height from the base to the ligule of the flag leaf. height to ligule of the flag leaf PHFL Plant Plant height to ligule of the flag leaf Grain length Grain length. Grain length GLng 1-3 Ear shape scale 1-5 Standard germination scale Plant Normalized difference vegetation index NDVI Canopy normalized difference vegetation index. normalized difference vegetation index RLodgInc - Counting Count the number of plants that show root lodging and record data in filedbook. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SteWiltInc Stewarts wilt incidence Plant Stewart wilt (Erwinia stewartii) incidence. Stewarts wilt incidence Leaf EturcSev Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum = Helminthosporium turcicum) severity. Turcicum leaf blight severity Turcicum leaf blight severity EN - Counting Count the number of ears. DMSev Downy mildews (several species of the genera Peronosclerospora, Sclerospora, and Sclerophthora) severity. Leaf Downy mildew severity Downy mildew severity Grain type GTyp Type of grain. Grain type Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SCMVInc - Counting Earworm damage Ear worm (Heliothis) damage. EWormDmg Ear Earworm damage Tillering - Counting Count the number of tillers per plant (average of more than 20 representative) plants. 1-3 Plant uniformity scale Divide the total number of CTM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CTMInc - Computation 1-5 disease scoring scale LSucrose Leaf Sucrose content Sucrose content in the leaf Leaf sucrose content PHTslB - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the insertion of the first tassel branch, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. CLSSev - Estimation Observe curvularia leaf spot severity on plants per plot based on the degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Count the plants that are affected by fusarium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FusSRInc - Counting FusERSev - Estimation Observe fusarium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Ear leaf (blade) length. Ear leaf length Ear leaf ELLng length Divide the total number of EWDMG damaged ears by the total number of plants harvested. EWormInc - Computation PLSSev - Estimation Observe phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity. Ear FgramERSev Shelling ratio Ear Shell The ratio of grain to total ear weight. Ear shelling ratio Standard method for silk Anthocyanin coloration. SilkAnCol - Estimation Maize lethal necrosis severity Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) severity. Maize lethal necrosis severity MLNSev Plant Plant AWormDmg Army worm (syn. Spodoptera exempta) damage. Army worm damage Army worm damage Plant Sugarcane downy mildew incidence Sugarcane downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sacchari) incidence. Sugarcane downy mildew incidence PsacchInc Grain LGBDmg Large grain borer damage Large grain borer damage Large grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) damage. kg/ha Ear grain rows arrangement. GRArr Grain row arrangement Ear grain row arrangement Color of the pericarp. Pericarp PericCol Pericarp color color Endosperm hardness. Endosperm EndoHard hardness Endosperm hardness ppm Charcoal rot incidence CharRInc Charcoal rot incidence Plant Charcoal rot or (Macrophomina phaseolina) incidence. Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ EPo Ear position position Ear position as a ratio of ear height to plant height. Ear Overall performance Plant Plants ability to thrive, adapt, and produce desired outcomes in a given environment or context. Overall performance GLys - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain lysin content. Observe dead leaf area per plant/plot and rate. Sen - Estimation EWid Ear Ear width Ear width. width Plant Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence. Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence FmonSRInc Divide the total number of PDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. PDMInc - Computation Ear shape EShape Ear Ear shape shape Plant MSVSev Maize streak virus severity Maize streak virus severity Maize streak virus severity (MSV) severity. Ear leaf chlorophyll content Ear leaf Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in the ear leaf. ELChl Standard method for sucrose content. Sucrose - Measurement Ranking:3 PERSev - Estimation Observe penicillium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). TslBlastSev Observation of blasting severity of the tassel (necrosis due to heat stress) at the time of flowering. It occurs under extreme temperatures and drought. Tassel blasting severity Tassel blasting severity Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity. Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity FmonSRSev Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity Plant 1-4 Leaf erectness scale RLodgInc Root lodging incidence root lodging incidence Root lodging incidence. The plants that show root lodging, i.e. those stems that are inclining by more than 45¡. Plant The hosts ability to reduce the effect of infection on its fitness regardless of the level of disease pathogen multiplication ( Plant Disease tolerance Disease Tolerance BusseolaInc - Counting Count the number plants that are damaged by busseola (african stem borer) per plot. Observe brown spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BwSpotSev - Estimation Count the number of plants that are affected by stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SRInc - Counting Proline content RProl Root proline content Root Proline content in the root. Anthesis time Anthesis time. Ant anthesis time Plant CharRInc - Computation Divide the total number of CharRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Measure, when applicable, ear length of at least 20 representative plants per accession, record the data in the fieldbook. ELng - Measurement Anthracnose leaf blight incidence Anthracnose leaf blight incidence Anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola) incidence. ALBInc Plant Plant Crazy top downy mildew incidence Crazy top (Sclerophthora macrospora) incidence. Crazy top downy mildew incidence CTMInc Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) ear rot severity. Ear SmaySev Stenocarpella ear rot severity Stenocarpella ear rot severity 1-5 rating scale Standard method for plant uniformity PUnif - Estimation Tassel branch number TslBN Tassel branch number Number of branches on tassel. Endosperm Protein content in grain endosperm. Protein content EndoProt Endosperm protein content Observe the plant damage caused by large grain borer per plot LGBDmg - Estimation Divide the total number of DMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMVInc - Computation 1-5 damage scoring scale Plant photochemical radiation index PRI Photochemical radiation index. A canopy reflectance index indicating photosynthetic radiation use efficiency. Photochemical radiation index Take same leaf measured for leaf length and measure mid-way along its length. LWid - Measurement Stalk rot (multiple pathogens or an unidentified pathogen) incidence. Stalk rot incidence SRInc Plant Stalk rot incidence Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of stigmas. Silk Anthocyanin coloration SilkCol Silk Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Count the number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and ear leaf senescence date. Days to ear leaf senescence date - Computation Plant Busseola larvae incidence. Busseola damage incidence Busseola incidence BusseolaInc Divide the total number of HSmut damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. HSmutInc - Computation Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity Ear Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity. FmonERSev Count the number of plants that are affected by the common smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CSmutInc - Counting growth rate Ear Ear growth rate EGrwR Growth rate of the ear(s) on a plant. It may include the sum of the apical and sub-apical ear growth from prolific plants. Determine quality of endosperm such as hardness in the lab and use 1-5 to scale to score it. EndoHard - Estimation kg/plot Plant MCob multiple cob incidence Incidence of multiple cobs, as plants that have multiple ears arising from a single node. Multiple cob incidence Plant height from the base to the top part (in reproductive stages to the top of the tassel). PH height Plant Plant height Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and record fresh (field) weight. FW GY - Measurement Comparative ranking by users method Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Lysine content Whole-grain Lysine content. Grain Lysine content Grain GLys Days to anthesis - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and score the number of days from sowing. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and anthesis date. Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height between the base of a plant to the ligule of the flag leaf, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. PHFL - Measurement GN Grain number. number Grain Grain number mm EPo - Estimation Determine ear position using 1-3 scale. FgramSRInc - Counting Count the plants that are affected by fusarium graminearum stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Ears bad husk cover incidence. bad husk cover incidence BHskCovInc Ear bad husk cover incidence Ear TslBlastSev - Estimation Standard method for tassel blasting. ear/plot Sorghum downy mildew severity Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) severity. DMSSev Sorghum downy mildew severity Plant It is calculated as the numerical position of the progeny when yields are arrenged from highest to lowest. GYRank - Computation Proline content LProline Leaf Leaf proline content Proline content in the leaf. GCol - Estimation Observe color of grains. EShape - Estimation Standard method for ear shape Count the number of plants that are affected by black bundle per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AstriInc - Counting Calculated as relative grain yield agaisnst the best check in percentage. Relative to check - Computation Standard method for water index. WI - Measurement Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. FW GY - Computation Divide the total number of BactSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. BactSRInc - Computation cm/day SCond Stomatal conductance Stomatal conductance Leaf Leaf stomatal conductance Weight of ear leaf (blade). Ear leaf ELW weight Ear leaf weight Grain GW Grain weight of mature kernels. weight Grain weight Standard method for glumes base tassel Anthocyanin coloration. TslGlBAnCol - Estimation LWid Leaf Leaf width width Leaf width. Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence Plant Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence SCMVInc Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) incidence. Aflatoxin content Aflatox Aflatoxin content Grain Aflatoxins content produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Grain Tassel Tassel size Tassel size. size TslSiz Harvest ears per plot (eliminate first and last plants to avoid border effects) and score ear aspect combining several ear-associated traits. Note: Combination of traits usually differs from one breeder to another depending on type of study. EAsp - Estimation GCol Grain color Color of the grain. color Grain Thickness of the grain. GThk thickness Grain Grain thickness Bacterial stalk rot (Erwinia chrysanthemi) incidence. Bacterial stalk rot incidence BactSRInc Bacterial stalk rot incidence Plant 1-5 Tassel exertion scale MLNSev - Estimation Observe maize lethal necrosis severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Whole-grain oil content. Grain Oil content Grain oil content GOil Observe bacterial leaf stripe severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BCLSSev - Estimation FW GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. Standard method for tassel exertion TslExer - Estimation Germination rate is calculated by dividing the number of seeds that sprout by the total number of seeds started, and then multiplying that number by 100 to get a percentage. Grain Germination rate Germination Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants silk. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and silking date. DTS - Computation Grain Whole-grain Tryptophan content. GTrp Grain Tryptophan content Tryptophan content MSTVInc Maize stripe virus incidence Plant Maize stripe virus incidence Maize stripe virus (MSTV) incidence. 0-10 Senescence scale branch Count the number of ear damage caused by earworm per plot. EWormInc - Counting g/plant/day EGrwR - Computation Standard method for ear growth rate. Seed weight loss was determined using the count and weight method of Gwinner et al (1996). Weight loss (%) = (Wu x Nd) - (Wd x Nu) x 100 / Wu x (Nd + Nu) where Wu=weight of the undamaged seed, Nu = number of undamaged seed, Wd = Weight of damaged seed, and Nd=Number of damaged seed. GWLostWeev - Measurement 1-5 Pericarp color scale Days to maturity - Computation Number of days required from seeding to grain ripening. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and maturity date. Shell - Computation Use formula to calculate ear sheeling ratio. Observe common rust severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CRustSev - Estimation Proline - Measurement Standard method for proline content. GN - Computation Standard method for grain number. Standard method for photochemical radiation index. PRI - Measurement Density of spikelets. Tassel density Tassel density TslDen FgramERSev - Estimation Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on ears per plot based on degree of infection. Count the number of plants that are affected by bacterial stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. BactSRInc - Counting Ear number EN Ear number. number Ear Philippine downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis) incidence. Philippine downy mildew incidence Plant PDMInc Philippine downy mildew incidence Grain Grain starch content Starch content GStarch Whole-grain starch content. Tryptophan content Tryptophan content in grain endosperm. Endosperm Tryptophan content EndoTrp Endosperm Standard method for standard germination StdGerm - Estimation Leaf Bacterial leaf stripe severity Bacterial leaf stripe (Pseudomonas rubrilinians) severity. BCLSSev Bacterial leaf stripe severity EarW Field weight - Measurement Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried ears. Standard method for endosperm tryptophan content. EndoTrp - Measurement Ear harvested number EHvst Number of ears harvested. harvested number Ear Young leaf chlorophyll content YLChl Young leaf Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in the young leaf. ¡C Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence Mal de rio cuarto virus (MRCV) incidence. Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence Plant MRCVInc Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the top of the tassel, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. PH - Measurement StBorDmg Stem borer damage includes different stem borers such as Chilo partellus, Sesamia spp. and Spodoptera. Stem borer damage Stem borer damage Plant CT Canopy temperature Plant canopy temperature Canopy temperature. Grain GNC Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Grain Nitrogen content Nitrogen content Grain width Grain width. width GWid Grain Leaf length Leaf length. length Leaf LLng SilkLng - Measurement Standard method for silk length. Standard method for endosperm lysin content. EndoLys - Measurement RGY - Computation Relative grain yield expressed as percentage of the mean grain yield of the trial. Values above 100% indicate above-average performance; values below 100% indicate below-average performance. ng/g 1-2 absent-present scale vigor SdlngVig Seedling Seedling vigor. Seedling vigor Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence. Plant FgramSRInc Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence EndoLys Lysine content Lysine content in grain endosperm. Endosperm Lysine content Endosperm HSmutInc Head smut incidence Head smut incidence Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) incidence. Plant Tassel exertion Tassel exertion. exertion TslExer Tassel t/ha Performance of a maize variety with the local variety Comparison with local Plant Comparison with local Maize streak virus incidence (MSV) incidence. Maize streak virus incidence Maize streak virus incidence Plant MSVInc Standard method for tassel branches number. TslBN - Counting Observe turcicum leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). EturcSev - Estimation RustSev - Estimation Observe rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Observe sorghum downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMSSev - Estimation Score the tassels based on size using 1-3 categorical scale. TslSiz - Estimation Plant number Striga plant number Number of Striga hermonthica plants. Striga StrigaPN Count the total number of plants harvested per plot/entry. PHvst - Counting LErect - Estimation Standard method for leaf erectness Observe the plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MSVSev - Estimation LLng - Measurement Measure the leaf which subtends the uppermost ear from ligule to apex. CSCInc - Computation Divide the total number of CSC damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Grain moisture. moisture content Grain moisture GMoi Grain height to insertion of first tassel branch Plant height to insertion of first tassel branch PHTslB Plant height from the base to the insertion of the first tassel branch. Plant EHvst - Counting Count the total number of ears harvested per plot/entry, excluding secondary ears that are extremely small. Diatraea damage Diatraea damage Plant damage caused by Diatraea species. DiatraeaDmg Plant Osmotic adjustment as ability of the plant to adjust the osmotic potential under stress conditions. osmotic adjustment OA Plant Osmotic adjustment Count the total number of ears with bad husk cover. BHskCovInc - Counting Divide the total number of Chupon plants by the total number of plants harvested. MCob - Computation MRFVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize bushy stunt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. ProvitaminA content Grain provitaminA content GVitA Grain Fusarium stalk rot incidence. Fusarium stalk rot incidence Fusarium stalk rot incidence FusSRInc Plant day GTrp - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain tryptophan content. Divide the total number of MRFV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MRFVInc - Computation Observe the aleurone color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. AleuCol - Estimation Leaf BwSpotSev Brown spot severity Brown spot severity Brown spot (Physoderma maydis) severity. Observe aspergillus flavus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). AflavERSev - Estimation ALBInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by anthracnose leaf blight per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. weight loss by maize weevil Grain GWLostWeev Grain weight loss by maize weevil Loss of weight of the grain samples caused by weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) feeding during a given period of incubation. Stem lodging incidence stem lodging incidence Plant SLodgInc Stem lodging incidence. The plants that show stem lodging, i.e. those stems that are broken below the ear. 1-5 WeevDmgInc scale PStand - Counting Count total number of plants per plot. Aflatox - Measurement Standard method for aflatoxin content. Aspergillus ear rot severity Ear AspERSev Aspergillus ear rot severity. Aspergillus ear rot severity Growing degree days to anthesis - Computation Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and 50% anthesis. Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection. CSSSev - Estimation Divide the total number of ears with bad husk cover by the total number of ears harvested. BHskCovInc - Computation Standard method for osmotic potential. OP - Measurement DMVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize dwarf mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. BmaySev - Estimation Observe maydis leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). TRustSev Tropical rust (Physopella zeae) severity. Leaf Tropical rust severity Tropical rust severity Chilo damage Plant ChiloDmg Chilo (Chilo partellus) damage. Chilo damage TRustSev - Estimation Observe tropical severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Observation of ears with bad husk cover. BHskCovInc - Estimation Abscisic acid content in the grain. GABA Grain Abscisic acid content Grain abscisic acid content 1-5 Tassel opening scale CobGlCol Cob glumes Color of the cob glumes. Cob glumes color color HSmutInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by head smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Anthesis silking interval. Anthesis silking interval anthesis silking interval Plant ASI lb/plot Observe stenocarpella ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). SmaySev - Estimation growth rate SilkGrwR Growth rate of silk. Silk growth rate Silk Divide the total number of BSDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. BSDMInc - Computation Observe the plant damage caused by chilo per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. ChiloDmg - Estimation Standard method for grain test weight. GTW - Computation GAsh - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain ash content Observe the plant damage caused by aphids per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AphDmg - Estimation Observe aspergillus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). AspERSev - Estimation Color of the stem. Stem color Stem StemCol color 0-1 absent-present scale Count the number of plants that are affected by brown stripe downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. BSDMInc - Counting Grain yield per unit area, either field weight basis, dry weight basis or adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. Grain yield yield Grain GY 1-5 Tassel blasting severity scale Leaf Gray leaf spot severity GLSSev Gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) severity. Gray leaf spot severity g/1000grain Divide the total number of StenSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. StenSRInc - Computation 1-9 Anthocyanin coloration scale GLSSev - Estimation Observe GLS severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMVSev Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Maize dwarf mosaic virus severity Plant Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) severity. variable_of NIRS method for oil content NIRS GOil - Measurement Mpa CSCMSev - Estimation Observe maize busy stunt severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). NIRS GProt- Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain protein content. LRollSev Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. rolling severity Leaf rolling severity Leaf EDia - Measurement Measure, when applicable, ear diameter at the central part of uppermost ears of at least 20 representative plants per accession. MSVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. 1-5 Grain texture scale Score the plants per plot combining several agronomical and morphological characters of plants such plant height, ear height, stem/root loading. Note: Combination of traits usually differ from one breeder to another depending on type of study. PAsp - Estimation RLodgInc - Computation Divide the total number of plants that are root lodged due to weak soil or poorly developed anchorage roots by the total number of plants that are harvested. Rank: 3 StrigaDmg - Estimation Observe the maize plant damage caused by striga per plot. Compute grain weigh adjuted to 12.5% moisture. GW Adjusted - Computation scale_of Ear FusERSev Fusarium ear rot severity Fusarium ear rot severity. Fusarium ear rot severity g/100grain Late wilt (Cephalosporium maydis) incidence. Plant Late wilt incidence Late wilt incidence LateWiltInc Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. Adjusted GY - Computation Root abscisic acid content Root Abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content in the root. RABA Observe downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMSev - Estimation ug/g StBorDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by stem borer per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PDMInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by philippine downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. GMoi - Computation Measure sample weight of grains per plot after harvest, record dry weight of the same samples and calculate grain moisture content for each sample using formula: 100*(Wt of sample - Dry Weight)/Wt of sample. AntCol Anther Anthocyanin coloration of anthers. Anthocyanin coloration Anther Anthocyanin coloration OA - Measurement Standard method for osmotic adjustment. Ear GRN Grain row number Number of grain rows in the central part of the uppermost ear. grain row number Divide the total number of FusSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. FusSRInc - Computation Leaf Maydis leaf blight severity Maydis leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis = Helminthosporium maydis) severity. BmaySev Maydis leaf blight severity MSTVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize stripe virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Common smut incidence CSmutInc Plant Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae)incidence. Common smut incidence NIRS method for whole-grain tryptophan content. NIRS GTrp- Measurement AflavERSev Ear Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity. color Color of the endosperm. Endosperm color EndoCol Endosperm GTyp - Estimation Score the grains based on grain characters such as floury, dent per plot. Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Brown stripe downy mildew (Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae) incidence. Plant Brown stripe downy mildew incidence BSDMInc Chl Chlorophyll content Leaf chlorophyll content. Leaf Chlorophyll content MRCVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MRCV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Observe the shape of the upper surface of grain, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession, after harvest. GUpSSh - Estimation g ELLng - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf length. GZinc - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain zinc content. DMJInc - Computation Divide the total number of DMJ damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MSTVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MSTV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. EH - Measurement Recommended to take 6 alternating plants per plot and measure the height between the base of a plant to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear of the same plant, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. 1-5 Stem color scale Corn stunt complex (corn stunt spiroplasma, maize bushy stunt phytoplasma [= mycoplasma], maize rayado fino virus) incidence. CSCInc Corn stunt incidence Corn stunt incidence Plant EndoCol - Estimation Observe the endosperm color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. Standard method for whole-grain starch content. GStarch - Measurement 1-5 Vigor scale Average of 10 consecutive grains from one row in the middle of the uppermost ear, measured with calliper. GLng - Measurement GTex - Estimation Observe the variation of the intensity of a kernel/grain surface and score grain texture based on properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. Divide the total number of CSN damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CSmutInc - Computation MCob - Counting Count the number of plants that have more than one ear growing from the same node. DMSInc - Computation Divide the total number of DMS damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Compute number of ears using the formula. EN - Computation PytSRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by pythium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. GGlucose Grain Glucose content Grain glucose content Glucose content in the grain. Count the total number of ears that damaged or/and rotten per plot. ERInc - Counting Observe the plants that are damaged by any fungal diseases. FungDis - Estimation g/200grain Divide the total number of PytSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. PytSRInc - Computation Observe banded leaf and sheath blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BLSBSev - Estimation PsacchInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SLodgInc - Computation Divide the total numbers of plants with lodged stems by number of plants harvested. Leaf RustSev Rust severity Multiple rust pathogens severity. Rust severity Plant Pythium stalk rot incidence PytSRInc Pythium stalk rot (Pythium spp.) incidence. Pythium stalk rot incidence FmonSRSev - Estimation Observe fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). NIRS method for leaves ash content NIRS LAsh - Measurement AstriInc Black bundle (Acremonium strictum) incidence. Black bundle incidence Black bundle incidence Plant Ear rot incidence. Ear rot incidence ERInc Ear rot incidence Ear GRArr - Estimation Observe grain row arrangement in the harvested ears and rate 1-4 categorical scale. Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration of cob glumes. CobGlCol Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration Standard germination Grain StdGerm Standard germination. Standard germination Observe the ears hask cover and rate it. HskCov - Estimation Measure moisture of a grain sample using NIRS moisture analyzer. NIRS Moi - Measurement Common rust severity Severity of common rust ( Puccinia sorghi). Leaf CRustSev Common rust severity Anthocyanin coloration TslGlBCol Anthocyanin coloration at base of tassel glumes. Tassel glumes base Anthocyanin coloration Tassel glumes base Observe the plant damage caused by army worms per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AWormDmg - Estimation Count the number of plants that are affected by late wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. LateWiltInc - Counting row/ear Presence and intensity of hairs on the surface of the leaf sheath. Sheath Sheath pubescence pubescence ShtPub Uniformity of plants. Plant Plant uniformity PUnif uniformity Standard method for young leaf chlorophyll content. YLChl - Measurement Observe maize dwarf mosaic virus severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMVSev - Estimation SdlngDisInc - Counting Count the seedling that are affected by seedling diseases per plot. Comparative ranking by farmers method Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Measure the thickness of the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. GThk - Measurement Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (Phaeosphaeria maydis) severity. Leaf Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity PLSSev Grain taste Taste of the grain (after cooking? Raw?) Grain taste Standard method for plant vigor PVig - Estimation WeevN - Counting Standard method for maize weevil number in a sample. Weevils were counted only once (at the end of a 45-d incubation period) SilkGrwR - Computation Standard method for silk growth rate. Senescence senescence Sen Leaf Leaf senescence. Abscisic acid content in the leaf. Leaf LABA Abscisic acid content Leaf abscisic acid content Java downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis) incidence. Plant Java downy mildew incidence Java downy mildew incidence DMJInc Standard method for ear leaf chlorophyll content. ELChl - Measurement DiabroticaDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by Diabrotica per plot. Maize bushy stunt severity CSCMSev Maize bushy stunt (caused by mycoplasma like organism, MLO) severity. Plant Maize bushy stunt severity Grain Maize weevil incidence WeevInc Maize weevil incidence Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) incidence on grain. Grain Proline content in the grain. Grain proline content Proline content GProline SteWiltInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by stewart wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Seedling disease incidence Seedling disease incidence Plant SdlngDisInc Seedling disease incidence. AstriInc - Computation Divide the total number of ASTRI damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. BLSBSev Leaf Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Banded leaf and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii) severity. Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Grain Grain test weight of mature kernels. test weight Grain test weight GTW Divide the total number of SteWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SteWiltInc - Computation Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. DW GY - Measurement Plant height from base to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear. height to insertion of uppermost ear Plant EH Ear height 1-5 Endosperm hardness scale 1-3 Cob color scale Cob sucrose content Cob CSucrose Sucrose content Sucrose content in the cob Polysora rust severity Polysora rust severity Polysora rust (in lowlands Puccinia polysora) severity. Leaf PpolySev Grain Grain marketability refers to the commercial viability or attractiveness of a particular type of grain for sale in the agricultural market. Grain marketability marketability Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration of tassel glumes excluding the bases of the glumes. Anthocyanin coloration TslGlCol Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration Ear position ratio Count the number of plants that are affected by stenocarpella stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. StenSRInc - Counting CobGlCol - Estimation Standard method for cob tassel color. The anthocyanin coloration should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. Ear aspect Observation of harvested ears based on some morphological and agronomical characters such as ear size, total numbers of ear harvested per plot, ear damaged caused by insects or/and diseases. EAsp aspect Ear Tassel opening TslOpen Tassel opening Tassel angle. CCI Maize weevil number in Grain Grain The number of maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) hatching and emerging from an infested grain sample within a given period. Large values indicate susceptibility to grain weevils, small values indicate partial resistance to grain weevils. WeevN Maize weevil number Whole-grain ash content. GAsh Ash content Grain Grain ash content Maize rough dwarf virus incidence Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) incidence. Maize rough dwarf virus incidence MRDVInc Plant Weight of mature upper ear, including cob and kernels, and at a defined moisture content, although often this is not provided. weight Ear EW Ear weight FmonERSev - Estimation Observe fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Date when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and record the date. Anthesis date - Estimation Aleurone color Color of the aleurone. color AleuCol Aleurone ABA - Measurement Standard method for abscisic acid content. SCond - Measurement Measured with a portable porometer. Take the measures in the middle between leaf tip and leaf base, and in between leaf midrib and leaf rim. Blade sections measured must to be exposed to sunlight for at least the 30 minutes before. Measurements always performed in the same side of the leaf (usually the lower or abaxial one). One measurement per leaf, and at least 3 per plot. 1 min per measurement. Use ear height and plant height data of the same plants per plot and calculate the ratio. Small values indicate low ear position; large values indicate high ear position. EPo - Computation Divide the total number of LateWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. LateWiltInc - Computation Grain Grain texture as a measure of the variation on the intensity of a surface, quantifying properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. texture Grain texture GTex GSucrose Grain Grain sucrose content Sucrose content in the grain Sucrose content SCMVInc - Computation Divide the total number of SCMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Anthocyanin coloration of tassel. TslCol Tassel Anthocyanin coloration Tassel Anthocyanin coloration g/plot EarW Dry weight - Measurement Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and record weight. If at all possible, delay harvest of maize until its moisture content is low (15-25%). Ear husk cover Ear husk cover observed as degree of the husk covering the tip of the ear. Ear husk cover HskCov Observe the pericarp color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. PericCol - Estimation Maturity date - Estimation Record the date when excised kernels are longitudinally cut to expose a black internal abscission layer at the base of the kernel that signals the kernel has ceased to absorb nutrients or moisture from the mother plants. 1-6 Endosperm color scale Silk silking time Silking time. Silking time Plant Standard method for canopy temperature. CT - Measurement Ash content Leaf ash content Ash content in maize leaves. LAsh Leaf MRFVInc Maize rayado fino virus incidence Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) incidence. Maize rayado fino virus incidence Plant yyyymmdd CobGlAnCol - Estimation Standard method for cob tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The anthocyanin Anthocyanin colorationation should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. EDmg - Estimation Observe the ears damage caused by ear rot and/or insects per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence StenSRInc Plant Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) stalk rot incidence. NIRS GAsh - Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain ash content LodgInc - Estimation Scored for severity of lodging. Ear diameter measured at the central part of uppermost ear. Ear EDia Ear diameter diameter weight or yield Weight of shelled cob. ShellCobW Shelled cob weight Shelled cob TslOpen - Estimation Standard method for tassel opening size Grain Seed size for target use/market Size of seeds matching demand for a use or a market Standard method for glumes tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The measurement should exclude the bases of the glumes. TslGlAnCol - Estimation TslTyp - Estimation Standard method for tassel type. GWid - Measurement Measure on the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. TslAnCol - Estimation Standard method for tassel Anthocyanin coloration. tiller/plant Plant damage caused by Busseola larvae. Busseola damage Plant BusseolaDmg Busseola damage Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. DW GY - Computation Divide the total number of Psacch damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. PsacchInc - Computation WeevInc - Estimation Score maize weevil damage on the plants per plot. Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) incidence. DMVInc Plant Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Ear shelling ratio Standard method for leaves ash content LAsh- Measurement Observe tarspot complex severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). TSCSev - Estimation DW GY - Measurement Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. A measure of the potential of water to move between regions of differing concentrations across a water-permeable membrane. Plant Osmotic potential OP osmotic potential Leaf Insertion angle of the leaves. erectness LErect Leaf erectness Standard method for oil content GOil - Measurement Ear damage caused by ear rot and/or insects, etc. Ear damage Ear damage Ear EDmg DiatraeaDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by Diatraea plot. Count the plants that are affected by fusarium moniliforme stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FmonSRInc - Counting 1-5 Leaf color scale storability Grain storability refers to the ability of grains to remain viable and maintain their quality over a period of time when stored under a given condition. Grain Grain storability Observe plants carefully and record date when 50% of plants within a plot area have silks visible (female flowering date). This is determined on a daily basis by counting the number of plants with at least one silk extruded divided by the total number of plants in the plot. Silking date - Estimation EarW Individual - Measurement Harvest a mature upper ear and measure its weight Count the total number of emerged striga plants per plot. It is counted three times, 8 weeks, 10 weeks and 12 weeks after planting. StrigaPN - Counting Standard method for tassel branches dry weight. TslBW - Measurement Cob number Number Cob Number of cobs Growing degree days to maturity - Computation Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and maturity. DiabroticaDmg Diabrotica damage Plant Diabrotica damage Plant damage caused by Diabrotica species. ppb uF umol/g 1-5 Leaf rolling severity scale Optimum number of measurements: i) Vegetative stage: Weekly measurements from 2 to 6 weeks after planting; ii) Flowering: only for inbred lines. NDVI - Measurement Divide the total number of ALB damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. ALBInc - Computation Standard method for earworm damage measured in cm of feeding. 0 - no ear damage, 1 - 1 cm, + 1 for each additional cm of feeding EWormDmg - Measurement 1-4 Ear shape scale mg/g Standard method for endosperm protein content. EndoProt - Measurement maturity time Plant Maturity time. Maturity time 1-5 Aleurone color scale Measured with a portable chlorophyll meter (e.g. SPAD). Take the average measure from leaves of six alternating plants and use always leaves of similar insertion level. Chl - Measurement 1-6 Grain upper surface shape scale Count the number of plants that are affected by maize rough dwarf virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRDVInc - Counting 1-11 Grain type scale Count the number of plants that are affected by DMJ per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMJInc - Counting StemCol - Estimation Observe the stem color between the two topmost ears. Count number of days from planting date to anthesis and silking to determine days to anthesis (DTA) and days to silking (DTS), respectively and determine anthesis silking interval (ASI) by calculating: ASI = DTS-DTA. ASI - Computation index Branching type of tassel. TslTyp branching type Tassel branching type Tassel mmol /m2/s SLodgInc - Counting Count the number of plants with the stem lodged. The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. EWid - Measurement Meaure ear width. FgramSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FgramSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. ug/mg 1-3 Tassel branching type scale 1-9 Grain color scale TSCSev Leaf Tar spot complex (Phyllachora maydis, Monographella maydis) severity. Tar spot complex severity Tar spot complex severity Record date when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Ear leaf senescence date - Computation Text ¡C day Count the number of plants that are affected by mal de rio cuarto virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRCVInc - Counting Iron content Grain Whole-grain iron content. Grain iron content GIron ear/plant ng/µg Count the total number of plants that are affected by corn stunt complex per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CSCInc - Counting 1-3 Tassel density scale Uppermost ear shape UpESh Uppermost ear shape Shape of uppermost ear whether cylindrical or cylindrical-conical or conical or round. Sorghum downy mildew incidence Sorghum downy mildew incidence DMSInc Plant Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) incidence. ERInc - Computation Divide the total number of ears that are rotten by the total number of plants that are harvested. GVitA - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. Count total number of grain rows in the ear. GCol - Estimation Plant water index WI A ratio between the reflectance at a water band wavelength to a nearby reference wavelength where there is no absorption due to water content variability. Water index pg/g The hosts ability to reduce the effect of damages on its fitness regardless of the level of pest pathogen multiplication ( Pest tolerance Plant Pest tolerance 1-3 size scale Leaf Color of the leaf. LCol color Leaf color Observe the plants per plot with the leaves rolled. LRollSev - Estimation UpESh - Estimation Observe shape of uppermost ear. method_of 1-3 Ear position scale Rank number Count the number of plants that are affected by CTM per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CTMInc - Counting