CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HSmutSev_E_1to9 GLng_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BactSRInc_Ct_plntPlot SD CIMMYT Silk_Date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoProt_M_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT GLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSTVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 21-30% dead leaf area 4 poor germination (11-29%) SCMVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot TslGlAnCol_E_1to2 CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BCLSSev_E_1to9 secondary 2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_Adj_g1000grn GLys_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla intermediate 3 3 red CIMMYT CSmutInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GAsh_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Tillering_Ct_tllrplnt EndoHard_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GZinc_M_ppm CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EW_M_gear CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRCVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslBW_DW_g 3 normal Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SilkLng_M_cm CIMMYT GW_DW_g200grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 200KW CIMMYT CSmutSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SteWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSucrose_M_umolg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MLNSev_E_pct CIMMYT TRustSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AflavERSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCMSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT 9 severe infection 1 green 1 regular CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Shell_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FungDis_E_0to1 BmaySev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gcol_CompRank_Bl3 FmonSRSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AWormDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla sparse 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PVig_E_1to5 FmonSRSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla very high level of blasting 5 CIMMYT CRustSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MLNSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AspERSev_E_pct GRN_Ct_rowear CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMVSev_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LErect_E_1to4 CIMMYT OA_M_Mpa Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ShellCobW_FW_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla pale yellow 3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TSCSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT LateWiltInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslOpen_E_1to5 AntAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT 1 unrolled CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla WI_M_idx PHvst_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AspERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RABA_M_ngg CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoCol_E_1to6 CIMMYT DMSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSSSev_E_1to5 RustSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AflavERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslBN_Ct_branch 2 slightly (20%) infested Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PericCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT ASI_Cmp_day Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CharRInc_Ct_plntPlot YLChl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 bronze PLSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ShellCobW_FW_gPlot DMSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RootCapac_M_uF CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla very poor germination (0-10%) 5 GThk_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Aflatox_M_ppb Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TSCSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 clean, no damage lax 1 excellent germination (90-100%) 1 Ant_Cmp_Cday CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AnthesisGDU semi erect 2 GxE Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_lbPlot highly resistant, clean no (%) infection 1 GTex_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EW_FW_kgPlot CIMMYT TRustSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_kgPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SilkGrwR_Cmp_cmday Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSSSev_E_pct CIMMYT SdlngVig_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Opaque 2/QPM 9 1 colorless Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PDMInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRFVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT GxE ELng_M_mm Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CTMInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BwSpotSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GStarch_M_pct CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RProl_M_ugg CIMMYT ELW_M_g CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PLSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla primary-secondary-tertiary 3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMJInc_Cmp_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GGlucose_M_ugmg DMSInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FungDis_E_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AD CIMMYT Ant_Date_ymd CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GSucrose_M_umolg CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_kgha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StenSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GRArr_E_1to4 CIMMYT LLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Sen_E_0to10 DMSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_FW_g200grn CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PpolySev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DiatraeaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EN_Ct_earPlot AleuCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 cylindrical CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BwSpotSev_E_pct MSVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1000KW TKW CIMMYT TGW GW_DW_g1000grn 2 present CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MCob_Ct_plntPlot 4 poor 5 medium CIMMYT LodgInc_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSCInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EHvst_Ct_earPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla intermediate germination (30-69%) 3 SdlngDisInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ChiloDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT highly susceptible, disease symptoms covering >80% 5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BmaySev_E_1to5 CIMMYT HSmutSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla orange 5 31-40% dead leaf area 4 BHskCovInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 small CIMMYT ERInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_FW_g100grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 indented CIMMYT GABA_M_ugg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla light green 1 7 61-70% dead leave area AWornDmg_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_gPlot CIMMYT PpolySev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GMoi_NIRS_pct CIMMYT 2 normal 1-10% dead leaf area 1 DMSInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT susceptible, disease symptoms covering upto 70% 4 GOil_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GProline_M_mgg CIMMYT EDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla light purple 2 3 low infection NDVI_M_idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LSucrose_M_mgg CIMMYT ELSen_DT_day CIMMYT DTELSen Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla semi-floury (morocho), with an external layer of hard endoseprm. 2 CIMMYT EturcSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_Adj_tha CIMMYT 2 conical-cylindrical CIMMYT DMVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslDen_E_1to3 HskCov_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HSmutSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SteWiltInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to9 PytSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla level 3 GmRt_CompRank_Bl3 GGlucose_M_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRCVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GUpSSh_E_1to6 EWid_M_mm Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GxE Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT ear around mid-plant 2 Sen_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSTVInc_Cmp_pct GrTast_CompRank_Bl3 2 weak 4 low to medium infection CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSev_E_pct StdGerm_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_RGY_pct BHskCovInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Highest rank 1 1 colorless DsTol_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslGlBAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AstriInc_Cmp_pct EWormDmg_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GWLostWeev_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla brown 5 medium to strong 6 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_Adj_kgha CIMMYT SdSizUse_compRank_Bl3 very compact 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslExer_E_1to5 CIMMYT StrigaDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DiabroticaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT PHTslB_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LGBDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVSev_E_1to5 5 Semi-flint, flint with a soft cap Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PpolySev_E_1to5 CIMMYT mottled 7 BCLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EturcSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TRustSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT GProt_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 cylindrical-conical no infestation 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BSDMInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusSRInc_Cmp_pct MaturityGDU CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Mat_Cmp_Cday CIMMYT GSucrose_M_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT 2 turgid leaves TslSiz_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_tha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslBlastSev_E_1to5 5 very strong yellow 4 2 semi-hard and semi-transparent grains strongly pointed 6 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AntAnCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT CIMMYT SmaySev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BSDMInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 9 red 3 straight SmaySev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla absent 1 CIMMYT LAsh_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HSmutInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT SilkAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EAsp_E_1to5 2 11-20% dead leaf area CompLoc_CompRank_Bl3 1 white Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Chl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EDia_M_cm CIMMYT open 4 GY_RelChk_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslTyp_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GWid_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SdlngDisInc_Cmp_pct 2 cream CIMMYT CSCMSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSVSev_E_1to9 2 low to moderate level of blasting CSmutSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT FmonSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CTMInc_Cmp_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PERSev_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GNC_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT AspERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LProline_M_ugg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 5 postrate Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MD Mat_Date_ymd CIMMYT GW_DW_g100grn CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 100KW CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GOil_NIRS_pct ELChl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CT_M_C CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla semi open 3 StemCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRDVInc_Cmp_pct EW_FW_gPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BHskCovInc_E_pct PstTol_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BusseolaInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT FgramSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Significantly (70%) damaged 4 SLodgInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BusseolaDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla not severely rolled leaves 4 5 soft and opaque grains FgramSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramERSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT EPo_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 0 no dead leaf area CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PStand_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT SLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoTrp_M_pct FgramERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT sun red 2 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_FW_g1000grn moderate to high level of blasting 4 CIMMYT CLSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PUnif_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GIron_M_ppm CIMMYT DMJInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslGlBAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT BwSpotSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BLSBSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GABA_M_pgg CIMMYT 4 long LWid_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CRustSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MLNSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT 1 large 4 round Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Ant_DT_day CIMMYT DTA Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla UpESh_E_1to4 CIMMYT CIMMYT EW_DW_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SCond_M_mmolm2s CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PDMInc_Ct_plntPlot BmaySev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PsacchInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_Rank_number CIMMYT EGrwR_Cmp_gplntday CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla entity absent or very weak 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StenSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT CSmutSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 red dark green 3 0 absent Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CLSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_kgPlot Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusERSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CRustSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT CobGlCol_E_1to3 CIMMYT GrMark_CompRank_Bl3 irregular 2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GCol_E_1to9 PRI_M_idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla white cap 8 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LAsh_NIRS_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PH_M_cm BCLSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AflavERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT EShape_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CharRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RustSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AstriInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PHFL_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla severly infested 5 drooping 4 AntAnCol_E_1to2 CIMMYT MRFVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla weak 3 CIMMYT TSCSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EPo_Cmp_ratio CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusERSev_E_1to5 1 conical rounded 4 DMVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 good germination (70-89%) CobNb_CompRank_Bl3 brown 5 resistant, disease symptoms covering up to 20% 2 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RSucrose_M_ngug Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVSev_E_pct CIMMYT LABA_M_ngg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RGlucose_M_ngug CIMMYT GLSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GMoi_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GVitA_M_µgg CIMMYT CobGlAnCol_E_1to9 GTrp_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla cylindrical 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ERInc_Ct_earPlot ELLng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RLodgInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Shell_Cmp_ratio CIMMYT CIMMYT LCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Highest rank 1 very poor 5 desirable 3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EH_M_cm CIMMYT TslGlBAnCol_E_1to2 GxE GTW_M_lbbsh Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BLSBSev_E_1to9 AbStr_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LRollSev_E_1to5 GProt_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELSen_Date_ymd ELSenD CIMMYT CIMMYT Silk_DT_day DTS Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 primary strong 7 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LateWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LSucrose_M_umolg CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ShtPub_E_1to3 CIMMYT GTyp_E_1to11 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BactSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 4 reddish 4 spiral MatT_CompRank_BL3 SCMVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_Adj_g200grn CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GrStor_CompRank_Bl3 MCob_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 95% 2 CIMMYT EturcSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla weak to medium 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StrigaPN_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT CIMMYT SmaySev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla medium 3 3 dense very short 1 intermediate grain hardness 3 CIMMYT GY_FW_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 white Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_Adj_g100grn CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCMSev_E_pct CIMMYT 2 short Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_tha CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonERSev_E_pct CIMMYT 5 very weak CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ALBInc_Ct_plntPlot RustSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT WeevInc_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 Lowest rank 4 Significantly (70%) infested very long 5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EWormInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PsacchInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT medium 3 EndoLys_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonERSev_E_1to5 floury 1 1 present CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTrp_NIRS_pct MAIZE ontology strong 4 1 hard and transparent grains HSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 4 purple CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PERSev_E_1to5 mixed 3 BLSBSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ALBInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EWormInc_Ct_plntPlot other 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla WeevN_Ct_weevil no infection 1 semi horizontal 3 6 white cap orange 6 3 moderately (50% ) damaged pointed 5 DTM CIMMYT Mat_DT_day Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EN_Cmp_earplnt CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla erect 1 5 highly (>80%) damaged PytSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GN_Cmp_grnplnt Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla other 5 2 green 100% 1 OvPerf_CompRank_Bl3 purple 5 grayyish white 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRDVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StBorDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT purple 4 4 brown 3 dark purple very vigorous 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT 2 good CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PAsp_E_1to5 Lowest rank 3 absent 1 FmonSRSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GAsh_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 red 9 81-90% dead leave area CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AphDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla OP_M_Mpa 4 semi-soft and semi-opaque grains 2 Middle rank 2 compact 2 vigorous high ear position 3 moderate level of blasting 3 moderately (50% ) infested 3 2 Middle rank very low infection 2 medium infection 5 4 weak medium 2 1 white intermediate 3 2 very weak to weak 6 medium to high infection very strong 9 1 shrunken excellent 1 51-60% dead leave area 6 dent 3 attribute 4 semi-dent 6 flint sweet 8 dense 3 3 moderately susceptible, disease symptoms covering up to 50% Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_kgha CIMMYT 3 purple 2 semi-flint Semi-dent, intermediate between dent and flint but closer to dent 4 slightly (20%) damaged 2 acronym 5 dent strong to very strong 8 5 41-50% dead leave area 71-80% dead leave area 8 2 intermediate severely rolled leaves, undesirable 5 7 high infection low ear position 1 7 pop yellow 2 conical 3 flint 1 variegated 4 no blasting 1 very high infection 8 PVig - Estimation Standard method for plant vigor 1-5 Grain texture scale vigor Seedling vigor Seedling vigor. SdlngVig Seedling EWormDmg - Measurement Standard method for earworm damage measured in cm of feeding. 0 - no ear damage, 1 - 1 cm, + 1 for each additional cm of feeding Ranking:3 The hosts ability to reduce the effect of damages on its fitness regardless of the level of pest pathogen multiplication ( Pest tolerance Plant Pest tolerance Comparative ranking by users method Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Standard method for ear leaf chlorophyll content. ELChl - Measurement Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae)incidence. Common smut incidence Plant CSmutInc Common smut incidence Grain texture Grain texture as a measure of the variation on the intensity of a surface, quantifying properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. Grain GTex texture EAsp - Estimation Harvest ears per plot (eliminate first and last plants to avoid border effects) and score ear aspect combining several ear-associated traits. Note: Combination of traits usually differs from one breeder to another depending on type of study. Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. Dry weight basis GY - Computation DiabroticaDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by Diabrotica per plot. PH - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the top of the tassel, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. BHskCovInc - Counting Count the total number of ears with bad husk cover. Observe phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). PLSSev - Estimation Number of branches on tassel. Tassel branch number number Tassel branch TslBN StemCol color Stem color Stem Color of the stem. Standard method for canopy temperature. CT - Measurement Striga damage Plant Damage of Striga hermonthica plants on maize plants. Striga damage StrigaDmg Observe the plant damage caused by stem borer per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. StBorDmg - Estimation Standard method for endosperm tryptophan content. EndoTrp - Measurement Count the number of plants that are affected by mal de rio cuarto virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRCVInc - Counting Divide the total number of CSC damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CSCInc - Computation Tar spot complex severity TSCSev Leaf Tar spot complex (Phyllachora maydis, Monographella maydis) severity. Tar spot complex severity row/ear Standard method for tassel exertion TslExer - Estimation Shape of uppermost ear whether cylindrical or cylindrical-conical or conical or round. UpESh Uppermost ear shape shape Uppermost ear Count the number of plants that have more than one ear growing from the same node. MCob - Counting 1-11 Grain type scale Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and record weight. If at all possible, delay harvest of maize until its moisture content is low (15-25%). EarW Dry weight - Measurement g/1000grain SLodgInc - Computation Divide the total numbers of plants with lodged stems by number of plants harvested. Divide the total number of SCMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SCMVInc - Computation CRustSev - Estimation Observe common rust severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). 1-9 disease scoring scale EDia Ear diameter Ear diameter measured at the central part of uppermost ear. Ear diameter % Date when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and record the date. Anthesis date - Estimation Ear EShape Ear shape shape Ear shape BactSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of BactSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Count the number of plants that are affected by head smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. HSmutInc - Counting Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of anthers. Anther Anthocyanin coloration Anther AntCol Root Abscisic acid content in the root. RABA Root abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Comparative ranking by farmers method Tassel Anthocyanin coloration Tassel Anthocyanin coloration TslCol Anthocyanin coloration of tassel. Bacterial stalk rot incidence BactSRInc Bacterial stalk rot (Erwinia chrysanthemi) incidence. Bacterial stalk rot incidence Plant Compute number of ears using the formula. EN - Computation BLSBSev Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Leaf Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Banded leaf and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii) severity. PericCol - Estimation Observe the pericarp color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. GYRank - Computation It is calculated as the numerical position of the progeny when yields are arrenged from highest to lowest. Grain width width GWid Grain Grain width. Standard method for whole-grain ash content GAsh - Measurement Anthracnose leaf blight incidence Anthracnose leaf blight incidence Plant Anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola) incidence. ALBInc Ear Aspergillus ear rot severity Aspergillus ear rot severity. Aspergillus ear rot severity AspERSev GLSSev Gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) severity. Gray leaf spot severity Leaf Gray leaf spot severity Ear EAsp Observation of harvested ears based on some morphological and agronomical characters such as ear size, total numbers of ear harvested per plot, ear damaged caused by insects or/and diseases. Ear aspect aspect Grain GProline Proline content Proline content in the grain. Grain proline content Count the plants that are affected by fusarium graminearum stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FgramSRInc - Counting ELLng - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf length. Observe rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). RustSev - Estimation Standard method for whole-grain Nitrogen content GNC - Measurement weight GW Grain weight Grain weight of mature kernels. Grain 1-3 Ear shape scale Whole-grain oil content. GOil Grain Grain oil content Oil content SdlngDisInc Seedling disease incidence. Plant Seedling disease incidence Seedling disease incidence EarW Field weight - Measurement Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried ears. Leaf Color of the leaf. color LCol Leaf color 1-4 Grain row arrangement scale Shelled cob weight or yield Shelled cob weight Weight of shelled cob. ShellCobW mg/g 1-3 size scale MSVSev - Estimation Observe the plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. 1-5 damage scoring scale Leaf sucrose content Sucrose content in the leaf LSucrose Sucrose content Leaf Plant Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Brown stripe downy mildew (Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae) incidence. Brown stripe downy mildew incidence BSDMInc Standard method for oil content GOil - Measurement cm Grain weight loss by maize weevil GWLostWeev Grain weight loss by maize weevil Loss of weight of the grain samples caused by weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) feeding during a given period of incubation. Standard method for endosperm lysin content. EndoLys - Measurement Aphid damage Aphid damage Aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis) damage. Plant AphDmg Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) incidence. SCMVInc Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence Plant Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence Root proline content Root Proline content in the root. Proline content RProl Grain Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) incidence on grain. Maize weevil incidence Maize weevil incidence WeevInc Stomatal conductance Leaf stomatal conductance Leaf Stomatal conductance SCond Count the number of plants that are affected by stenocarpella stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. StenSRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by charcoal rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CharRInc - Counting 0-1 absent-present scale ear/plant AflavERSev - Estimation Observe aspergillus flavus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration at base of tassel glumes. Tassel glumes base Tassel glumes base Anthocyanin coloration TslGlBCol HSmutInc Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) incidence. Plant Head smut incidence Head smut incidence Young leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in the young leaf. YLChl Young leaf Chlorophyll content GThk thickness Grain thickness Thickness of the grain. Grain FungDis Plant Fungal disease presence The trait is scored for the response to the diseases caused by several fungi. Fungal disease presence Observe maize lethal necrosis severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). MLNSev - Estimation BusseolaInc - Counting Count the number plants that are damaged by busseola (african stem borer) per plot. PDMInc - Computation Divide the total number of PDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. RSucrose Root sucrose content Root Sucrose content in the root. Sucrose content Stewart wilt (Erwinia stewartii) incidence. Stewarts wilt incidence Stewarts wilt incidence SteWiltInc Plant DW GY - Measurement Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. Earworm incidence Ear Earworm incidence EWormInc Ear worm (Heliothis) incidence. Observe head smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). HSmutSev - Estimation DTS - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants silk. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and silking date. Count total number of grain rows in the ear. GCol - Estimation plant/plot Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of tassel glumes excluding the bases of the glumes. Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration TslGlCol Common smut severity Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae) severity. Ear CSmutSev Common smut severity PpolySev - Estimation Observe polysora rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). 1-5 Tassel blasting severity scale AstriInc - Computation Divide the total number of ASTRI damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DiatraeaDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by Diatraea plot. Tassel opening TslOpen Tassel opening Tassel angle. 1-5 disease scoring scale DMVInc - Computation Divide the total number of DMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. GIron - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain iron content. Plant Black bundle incidence Black bundle incidence Black bundle (Acremonium strictum) incidence. AstriInc Bacterial leaf stripe (Pseudomonas rubrilinians) severity. Bacterial leaf stripe severity Leaf Bacterial leaf stripe severity BCLSSev LWid - Measurement Take same leaf measured for leaf length and measure mid-way along its length. Sorghum downy mildew severity Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) severity. Plant DMSSev Sorghum downy mildew severity Average of 10 consecutive grains from one row in the middle of the uppermost ear, measured with calliper. GLng - Measurement t/ha FgramSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FgramSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. ug/g Grain taste taste Grain Taste of the grain (after cooking? Raw?) Maize rayado fino virus incidence Plant Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) incidence. Maize rayado fino virus incidence MRFVInc Observe the shape of the upper surface of grain, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession, after harvest. GUpSSh - Estimation Ear width Ear width EWid Ear width. CSucrose Sucrose content Cob sucrose content Sucrose content in the cob Cob Silk Growth rate of silk. growth rate Silk growth rate SilkGrwR Observe sorghum downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMSSev - Estimation Sugarcane downy mildew incidence Sugarcane downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sacchari) incidence. Sugarcane downy mildew incidence Plant PsacchInc Standard method for osmotic potential. OP - Measurement Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection. CSSSev - Estimation Standard method for sheath pubescence content. ShtPub - Estimation ELChl Ear leaf Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in the ear leaf. Ear leaf chlorophyll content MRFVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MRFV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. BSDMInc - Computation Divide the total number of BSDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Ear leaf weight Ear leaf Weight of ear leaf (blade). ELW weight NIRS Moi - Measurement Measure moisture of a grain sample using NIRS moisture analyzer. Count the total number of emerged striga plants per plot. It is counted three times, 8 weeks, 10 weeks and 12 weeks after planting. StrigaPN - Counting mmol /m2/s Density of spikelets. TslDen Tassel density density Tassel MCob Multiple cob incidence Incidence of multiple cobs, as plants that have multiple ears arising from a single node. Plant multiple cob incidence Plant Philippine downy mildew incidence PDMInc Philippine downy mildew incidence Philippine downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis) incidence. Plant FgramSRInc Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence. Standard method for whole-grain protein content. % Protein = % of nitrogen x 6.25 GProt - Computation NIRS GTrp- Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain tryptophan content. BCLSSev - Estimation Observe bacterial leaf stripe severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CTMInc - Computation Divide the total number of CTM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. FusSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FusSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Charcoal rot incidence Charcoal rot or (Macrophomina phaseolina) incidence. CharRInc Charcoal rot incidence Plant LodgInc - Estimation Scored for severity of lodging. Ear damage caused by ear rot and/or insects, etc. Ear damage Ear EDmg Ear damage CLSSev - Estimation Observe curvularia leaf spot severity on plants per plot based on the degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Relative grain yield expressed as percentage of the mean grain yield of the trial. Values above 100% indicate above-average performance; values below 100% indicate below-average performance. RGY - Computation Maize streak virus severity (MSV) severity. Maize streak virus severity Maize streak virus severity Plant MSVSev Measure, when applicable, ear length of at least 20 representative plants per accession, record the data in the fieldbook. ELng - Measurement Stem borer damage Stem borer damage StBorDmg Plant Stem borer damage includes different stem borers such as Chilo partellus, Sesamia spp. and Spodoptera. Sheath pubescence pubescence ShtPub Sheath Presence and intensity of hairs on the surface of the leaf sheath. Whole-grain ash content. GAsh Grain Grain ash content Ash content Aflatox - Measurement Standard method for aflatoxin content. Count the number of plants that are affected by black bundle per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AstriInc - Counting method_of DMSInc - Computation Divide the total number of DMS damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Observe maydis leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BmaySev - Estimation NIRS GProt- Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain protein content. EndoProt - Measurement Standard method for endosperm protein content. GN number Grain Grain number Grain number. HskCov - Estimation Observe the ears hask cover and rate it. Ear husk cover Ear Ear husk cover observed as degree of the husk covering the tip of the ear. husk cover HskCov stand PStand Plant Number of plants per unit area. Plant stand Plant damage caused by Diatraea species. Diatraea damage Plant Diatraea damage DiatraeaDmg PDMInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by philippine downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Busseola larvae incidence. Busseola damage incidence BusseolaInc Plant Busseola incidence Standard method for whole-grain zinc content. GZinc - Measurement LRollSev - Estimation Observe the plants per plot with the leaves rolled. MRDVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize rough dwarf virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. WeevInc - Estimation Score maize weevil damage on the plants per plot. Ear Penicillium ear rot severity PERSev Penicillium ear rot severity Penicillium ear rot severity. 1-5 rating scale HSmutInc - Computation Divide the total number of HSmut damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products BHskCovInc Ears bad husk cover incidence. Ear bad husk cover incidence Ear bad husk cover incidence GTrp Tryptophan content Grain Tryptophan content Whole-grain Tryptophan content. Grain Lysine content in grain endosperm. Lysine content Endosperm Endosperm Lysine content EndoLys 1-5 Leaf color scale 1-5 WeevDmgInc scale 1-5 Stem color scale Observe the plant damage caused by large grain borer per plot LGBDmg - Estimation Whole-grain Lysine content. Lysine content GLys Grain Lysine content Grain NIRS method for leaves ash content NIRS LAsh - Measurement Relative to check - Computation Calculated as relative grain yield agaisnst the best check in percentage. ppm TslBN - Counting Standard method for tassel branches number. Plant height Plant PH Plant height from the base to the top part (in reproductive stages to the top of the tassel). height ng/g MRDVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MRDV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Ear number. Ear EN Ear number number Count the number of ears. EN - Counting DMSev Leaf Downy mildew severity Downy mildews (several species of the genera Peronosclerospora, Sclerospora, and Sclerophthora) severity. Downy mildew severity Use ear height and plant height data of the same plants per plot and calculate the ratio. Small values indicate low ear position; large values indicate high ear position. EPo - Computation Standard method for grain test weight. GTW - Computation Observation of ears with bad husk cover. BHskCovInc - Estimation CobGlAnCol - Estimation Standard method for cob tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The anthocyanin Anthocyanin colorationation should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. Leaf Leaf senescence. Senescence senescence Sen 1-3 Ear position scale Divide the total number of MRCV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MRCVInc - Computation PVig Plant vigor. Plant vigor Plant vigor Stalk rot incidence Stalk rot (multiple pathogens or an unidentified pathogen) incidence. Plant SRInc Stalk rot incidence Standard method for plant uniformity PUnif - Estimation SLodgInc stem lodging incidence Stem lodging incidence. The plants that show stem lodging, i.e. those stems that are broken below the ear. Stem lodging incidence Plant Observe GLS severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). GLSSev - Estimation Shell - Computation Use formula to calculate ear sheeling ratio. PUnif uniformity Uniformity of plants. Plant uniformity Plant TslGlAnCol - Estimation Standard method for glumes tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The measurement should exclude the bases of the glumes. FmonSRSev - Estimation Observe fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Fusarium stalk rot incidence. Fusarium stalk rot incidence FusSRInc Plant Fusarium stalk rot incidence 1-5 Pericarp color scale Grain starch content Whole-grain starch content. GStarch Starch content Grain g/100grain Observe the ears damage caused by ear rot and/or insects per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. EDmg - Estimation Count the total number of ears harvested per plot/entry, excluding secondary ears that are extremely small. EHvst - Counting Ear The ratio of grain to total ear weight. Shelling ratio Shell Ear shelling ratio Grain GY Grain yield per unit area, either field weight basis, dry weight basis or adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. yield Grain yield GW Adjusted - Computation Compute grain weigh adjuted to 12.5% moisture. Germination rate Germination Germination rate is calculated by dividing the number of seeds that sprout by the total number of seeds started, and then multiplying that number by 100 to get a percentage. Grain ¡C g/200grain AntAnCol - Estimation Standard method for tassel anthers Anthocyanin coloration. The observation should be made in the middle third of the main branch on fresh anthers. StenSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of StenSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. OA - Measurement Standard method for osmotic adjustment. Count the number of plants that are affected by stewart wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SteWiltInc - Counting 1-5 Vigor scale Leaf LRollSev Leaf rolling severity Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. rolling severity Sen - Estimation Observe dead leaf area per plant/plot and rate. Count the number of plants that are affected by maize stripe virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MSTVInc - Counting weight Weight of mature upper ear, including cob and kernels, and at a defined moisture content, although often this is not provided. Ear weight Ear EW GCol - Estimation Observe color of grains. EndoCol - Estimation Observe the endosperm color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. Plant Number of tillers per plant. Tillering tillering Tillering Count the number of plants that are affected by CTM per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CTMInc - Counting Observe the plants that are damaged by any fungal diseases. FungDis - Estimation Observe fusarium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FusERSev - Estimation ng/µg Chl - Measurement Measured with a portable chlorophyll meter (e.g. SPAD). Take the average measure from leaves of six alternating plants and use always leaves of similar insertion level. Sucrose - Measurement Standard method for sucrose content. BactSRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by bacterial stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Number of days required from seeding to grain ripening. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and maturity date. Days to maturity - Computation grain row arrangement Ear grain rows arrangement. Grain row arrangement Ear GRArr TRustSev Tropical rust (Physopella zeae) severity. Tropical rust severity Tropical rust severity Leaf Standard method for tassel type. TslTyp - Estimation Aflatox Grain Aflatoxin content Aflatoxin content Grain Aflatoxins content produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Grain Grain Nitrogen content GNC Nitrogen content CSSSev Corn stunt spiroplasma severity. Plant Corn stunt spiroplasma severity Corn Spiroplasma stunt severity AspERSev - Estimation Observe aspergillus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Count the number of plants that are affected by pythium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PytSRInc - Counting 1-5 Tassel exertion scale SilkLng - Measurement Standard method for silk length. Silk length. SilkLng Silk length Silk length SLodgInc - Counting Count the number of plants with the stem lodged. The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Standard method for tassel branches dry weight. TslBW - Measurement 1-9 Grain color scale Standard method for proline content. Proline - Measurement Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. Adjusted GY - Computation Standard method for leaf erectness LErect - Estimation Determine quality of endosperm such as hardness in the lab and use 1-5 to scale to score it. EndoHard - Estimation cm/day FgramERSev - Estimation Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on ears per plot based on degree of infection. Head smut severity Plant Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) severity. HSmutSev Head smut severity LGBDmg Large grain borer damage Large grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) damage. Large grain borer damage Grain Count the number of plants that are affected by maize dwarf mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMVInc - Counting Maize weevil number WeevN Grain The number of maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) hatching and emerging from an infested grain sample within a given period. Large values indicate susceptibility to grain weevils, small values indicate partial resistance to grain weevils. Maize weevil number in Grain Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and record fresh (field) weight. FW GY - Measurement BLSBSev - Estimation Observe banded leaf and sheath blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Common rust severity Leaf Severity of common rust ( Puccinia sorghi). Common rust severity CRustSev Plant height to ligule of the flag leaf Plant height to ligule of the flag leaf Plant height from the base to the ligule of the flag leaf. PHFL Ear Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity. AflavERSev Standard method for silk Anthocyanin coloration. SilkAnCol - Estimation Count the number of ear damage caused by earworm per plot. EWormInc - Counting Divide the total number of SteWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SteWiltInc - Computation Divide the total number of EWDMG damaged ears by the total number of plants harvested. EWormInc - Computation 1-5 Endosperm hardness scale Standard method for young leaf chlorophyll content. YLChl - Measurement Score the tassels based on size using 1-3 categorical scale. TslSiz - Estimation BusseolaDmg Busseola damage Plant damage caused by Busseola larvae. Busseola damage Plant Crazy top downy mildew incidence Plant Crazy top downy mildew incidence CTMInc Crazy top (Sclerophthora macrospora) incidence. CCI ALBInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by anthracnose leaf blight per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. ¡C day 1-6 Grain upper surface shape scale 1-9 Anthocyanin coloration scale FgramERSev Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity. Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity Ear Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity Score the plants per plot combining several agronomical and morphological characters of plants such plant height, ear height, stem/root loading. Note: Combination of traits usually differ from one breeder to another depending on type of study. PAsp - Estimation kg/plot Observe shape of uppermost ear. UpESh - Estimation Text Leaf Brown spot (Physoderma maydis) severity. Brown spot severity Brown spot severity BwSpotSev Count the number of plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MSVInc - Counting ppb Disease tolerance Plant The hosts ability to reduce the effect of infection on its fitness regardless of the level of disease pathogen multiplication ( Disease Tolerance Grain type Type of grain. Grain type GTyp CobGlCol - Estimation Standard method for cob tassel color. The anthocyanin coloration should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. Grain length Grain length. Grain GLng length Standard method for tassel opening TslOpen - Estimation GTex - Estimation Observe the variation of the intensity of a kernel/grain surface and score grain texture based on properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. Standard method for root capitance. RootCapac - Measurement Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. GW DW - Measurement BwSpotSev - Estimation Observe brown spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Plant Diabrotica damage Diabrotica damage DiabroticaDmg Plant damage caused by Diabrotica species. Grain Grain glucose content Glucose content in the grain. Glucose content GGlucose Leaf LAsh Ash content in maize leaves. Leaf ash content Ash content MCob - Computation Divide the total number of Chupon plants by the total number of plants harvested. MSTVInc Maize stripe virus (MSTV) incidence. Maize stripe virus incidence Plant Maize stripe virus incidence Growth rate of the ear(s) on a plant. It may include the sum of the apical and sub-apical ear growth from prolific plants. Ear growth rate EGrwR growth rate Ear OP A measure of the potential of water to move between regions of differing concentrations across a water-permeable membrane. Plant Osmotic potential osmotic potential g/plot Normalized difference vegetation index Canopy normalized difference vegetation index. NDVI normalized difference vegetation index Plant erectness Leaf LErect Leaf erectness Insertion angle of the leaves. ear/plot Record the date when excised kernels are longitudinally cut to expose a black internal abscission layer at the base of the kernel that signals the kernel has ceased to absorb nutrients or moisture from the mother plants. Maturity date - Estimation Whole-grain iron content. GIron Grain iron content Grain Iron content Leaf Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum = Helminthosporium turcicum) severity. EturcSev Turcicum leaf blight severity Turcicum leaf blight severity Endosperm color Color of the endosperm. color Endosperm EndoCol Rust severity Multiple rust pathogens severity. Leaf Rust severity RustSev Observation of lodging severity. Plant lodging incidence LodgInc Lodging incidence WI - Measurement Standard method for water index. scale_of Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the insertion of the first tassel branch, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. PHTslB - Measurement mm Divide the total number of MSTV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MSTVInc - Computation Divide the total number of SRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SRInc - Computation Silking time. Plant Silk silking time Silking time 1-3 Cob color scale Divide the total number of LateWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. LateWiltInc - Computation EndoHard Endosperm Endosperm hardness Endosperm hardness. hardness Anthesis silking interval Anthesis silking interval. Plant ASI anthesis silking interval storability Grain Grain storability Grain storability refers to the ability of grains to remain viable and maintain their quality over a period of time when stored under a given condition. StdGerm Grain Standard germination Standard germination Standard germination. Pythium stalk rot incidence PytSRInc Plant Pythium stalk rot (Pythium spp.) incidence. Pythium stalk rot incidence DMVSev - Estimation Observe maize dwarf mosaic virus severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence StenSRInc Plant Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) stalk rot incidence. weevil day 1-3 Plant uniformity scale Earworm damage Earworm damage Ear worm (Heliothis) damage. EWormDmg Ear 1-4 Leaf erectness scale Osmotic adjustment Plant osmotic adjustment Osmotic adjustment as ability of the plant to adjust the osmotic potential under stress conditions. OA TslDen - Estimation Standard method for tassel density 1-3 Tassel density scale GProt Protein content Whole-grain protein content. Grain Grain protein content Standard method for photochemical radiation index. PRI - Measurement AleuCol - Estimation Observe the aleurone color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. TslBlastSev - Estimation Standard method for tassel blasting. DMSev - Estimation Observe downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Ear rot incidence Ear Ear rot incidence ERInc Ear rot incidence. 1-5 Tassel opening scale Recommended to take 6 alternating plants per plot and measure the height between the base of a plant to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear of the same plant, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. EH - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf weight. ELW - Measurement Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity FmonERSev Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity Ear Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity. Count the number of plants that show root lodging and record data in filedbook. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. RLodgInc - Counting Root glucose content Glucose content RGlucose Glucose content in the root. Root Count the number of plants that are affected by DMJ per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMJInc - Counting Java downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis) incidence. Java downy mildew incidence Plant DMJInc Java downy mildew incidence marketability Grain marketability refers to the commercial viability or attractiveness of a particular type of grain for sale in the agricultural market. Grain marketability Grain PsacchInc - Computation Divide the total number of Psacch damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Plant Plant height to insertion of first tassel branch PHTslB height to insertion of first tassel branch Plant height from the base to the insertion of the first tassel branch. Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. FW GY - Computation CobGlCol Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of cob glumes. Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration Standard method for whole-grain starch content. GStarch - Measurement CSCMSev Plant Maize bushy stunt severity Maize bushy stunt severity Maize bushy stunt (caused by mycoplasma like organism, MLO) severity. ABA - Measurement Standard method for abscisic acid content. SRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Maize lethal necrosis severity Plant MLNSev Maize lethal necrosis severity Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) severity. Tryptophan content in grain endosperm. Endosperm Endosperm Tryptophan content Tryptophan content EndoTrp Endosperm protein content Protein content EndoProt Protein content in grain endosperm. Endosperm GW FW - Measurement Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. FmonSRInc - Counting Count the plants that are affected by fusarium moniliforme stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. g/plant/day 1-3 density scale TSCSev - Estimation Observe tarspot complex severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Late wilt incidence Late wilt (Cephalosporium maydis) incidence. Late wilt incidence Plant LateWiltInc LWid Leaf width. width Leaf Leaf width Tillering - Counting Count the number of tillers per plant (average of more than 20 representative) plants. Tassel TslExer exertion Tassel exertion Tassel exertion. FusSRInc - Counting Count the plants that are affected by fusarium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. Grain Grain provitaminA content ProvitaminA content GVitA PHFL - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height between the base of a plant to the ligule of the flag leaf, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. Meaure ear width. EWid - Measurement 1-2 absent-present scale Divide the total number of ALB damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. ALBInc - Computation Standard method for glumes base tassel Anthocyanin coloration. TslGlBAnCol - Estimation Ant anthesis time Anthesis time. Anthesis time Plant Estimation of root mass at the end of the stress using an electrical capacitance meter. Root capacitance RootCapac capacitance Root Color of the grain. Grain color Grain color GCol StdGerm - Estimation Standard method for standard germination Plant Chilo damage Chilo damage Chilo (Chilo partellus) damage. ChiloDmg Count the total number of plants harvested per plot/entry. PHvst - Counting TRustSev - Estimation Observe tropical severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). lb/plot 1-5 Standard germination scale Plant AWormDmg Army worm damage Army worm (syn. Spodoptera exempta) damage. Army worm damage Ear shelling ratio Proline content Leaf Proline content in the leaf. LProline Leaf proline content FmonERSev - Estimation Observe fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). The hosts ability to reduce the effect of stress on its fitness regardless of the level of abiotic stress (flood, drought, …) applied Abiotic stress tolerance Abiotic stress tolerance Plant Mpa Measure the thickness of the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. GThk - Measurement Count the number of plants that are affected by late wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. LateWiltInc - Counting Measure, when applicable, ear diameter at the central part of uppermost ears of at least 20 representative plants per accession. EDia - Measurement Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence Mal de rio cuarto virus (MRCV) incidence. Plant MRCVInc Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence root lodging incidence RLodgInc Plant Root lodging incidence. The plants that show root lodging, i.e. those stems that are inclining by more than 45¡. Root lodging incidence g ELLng Ear leaf (blade) length. length Ear leaf Ear leaf length Ear position ratio Cob number Number Cob Number of cobs Tassel Observation of blasting severity of the tassel (necrosis due to heat stress) at the time of flowering. It occurs under extreme temperatures and drought. Tassel blasting severity blasting severity TslBlastSev Plant ELSen ear leaf senescence time Ear leaf senescence time Ear leaf senescence time. lb/bsh Tassel Branching type of tassel. TslTyp branching type Tassel branching type Canopy temperature canopy temperature Plant CT Canopy temperature. Ear Fusarium ear rot severity Fusarium ear rot severity. Fusarium ear rot severity FusERSev Rank: 3 PytSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of PytSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CSCInc - Counting Count the total number of plants that are affected by corn stunt complex per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. GZinc Grain zinc content Whole-grain zinc content. Grain Zinc content CSmutInc - Computation Divide the total number of CSN damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Standard method for whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. GVitA - Measurement pg/g Leaf chlorophyll content. Leaf Chl Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content NIRS GAsh - Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain ash content Photochemical radiation index Photochemical radiation index. A canopy reflectance index indicating photosynthetic radiation use efficiency. photochemical radiation index Plant PRI SCond - Measurement Measured with a portable porometer. Take the measures in the middle between leaf tip and leaf base, and in between leaf midrib and leaf rim. Blade sections measured must to be exposed to sunlight for at least the 30 minutes before. Measurements always performed in the same side of the leaf (usually the lower or abaxial one). One measurement per leaf, and at least 3 per plot. 1 min per measurement. CharRInc - Computation Divide the total number of CharRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Plant height from base to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear. Plant EH Ear height height to insertion of uppermost ear Leaf Curvularia leaf spot severity Curvularia leaf spot severity Curvularia leaf spot (Curvularia spp.) severity. CLSSev Measure on the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. GWid - Measurement DMVInc Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) incidence. Plant Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence ELng Ear length Ear length Ear length. LLng - Measurement Measure the leaf which subtends the uppermost ear from ligule to apex. ug/mg Anthocyanin coloration of stigmas. SilkCol Silk Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration Silk NIRS GOil - Measurement NIRS method for oil content Maize streak virus incidence MSVInc Maize streak virus incidence (MSV) incidence. Plant Maize streak virus incidence Record date when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Ear leaf senescence date - Computation FmonSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FmonSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. GABA Abscisic acid content in the grain. Grain Grain abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content MRFVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize bushy stunt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Number of Striga hermonthica plants. Striga plant number Plant number Striga StrigaPN Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. FW GY - Computation Grain upper surface shape GUpSSh upper surface shape Grain Shape of the upper surface of grain. Number of ears harvested. harvested number Ear Ear harvested number EHvst Standard method for leaves ash content LAsh- Measurement Performance of a maize variety with the local variety Comparison with local Comparison with local Plant EturcSev - Estimation Observe turcicum leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Standard method for grain number. GN - Computation Days to ear leaf senescence date - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Count the number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and ear leaf senescence date. yyyymmdd maturity time Maturity time Plant Maturity time. Count the total number of ears that damaged or/and rotten per plot. ERInc - Counting moisture content Grain moisture. GMoi Grain Grain moisture SilkGrwR - Computation Standard method for silk growth rate. Standard method for whole-grain lysin content. GLys - Measurement Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and score the number of days from sowing. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and anthesis date. Days to anthesis - Computation ASI - Computation Count number of days from planting date to anthesis and silking to determine days to anthesis (DTA) and days to silking (DTS), respectively and determine anthesis silking interval (ASI) by calculating: ASI = DTS-DTA. Grain GTW test weight Grain test weight of mature kernels. Grain test weight Abscisic acid content in the leaf. Abscisic acid content Leaf abscisic acid content LABA Leaf Plant MRDVInc Maize rough dwarf virus incidence Maize rough dwarf virus incidence Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) incidence. AphDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by aphids per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. ShellCobW - Measurement (duplicate) Record shelled cob field weight. Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SCMVInc - Counting Standard method for ear growth rate. EGrwR - Computation Observe stenocarpella ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). SmaySev - Estimation Polysora rust severity PpolySev Polysora rust (in lowlands Puccinia polysora) severity. Leaf Polysora rust severity Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and 50% anthesis. Growing degree days to anthesis - Computation Glucose - Measurement Standard method for glucose content. Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity. FmonSRSev Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity Plant Plant aspect Plant aspect Qualitative observation of plant ideotype. In another word, it rates characteristics such as plant and ear height, uniformity of plants, disease and insect damage, and lodging. PAsp Standard method for leaf color. LCol - Estimation WeevN - Counting Standard method for maize weevil number in a sample. Weevils were counted only once (at the end of a 45-d incubation period) DMJInc - Computation Divide the total number of DMJ damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Seed weight loss was determined using the count and weight method of Gwinner et al (1996). Weight loss (%) = (Wu x Nd) - (Wd x Nu) x 100 / Wu x (Nd + Nu) where Wu=weight of the undamaged seed, Nu = number of undamaged seed, Wd = Weight of damaged seed, and Nd=Number of damaged seed. GWLostWeev - Measurement Size of seeds matching demand for a use or a market Seed size for target use/market Grain size Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity Leaf Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (Phaeosphaeria maydis) severity. Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity PLSSev Pericarp color PericCol Color of the pericarp. color Pericarp 1-5 Leaf rolling severity scale CobGlCol color Color of the cob glumes. Cob glumes color Cob glumes uF Standard method for tassel Anthocyanin coloration. TslAnCol - Estimation 1-5 Anthocyanin coloration scale Plant Overall performance Plants ability to thrive, adapt, and produce desired outcomes in a given environment or context. Overall performance SdlngDisInc - Computation Divide the total number of SeedlingDis affected plants by the total number of plants harvested. Ear Number of grain rows in the central part of the uppermost ear. Grain row number GRN grain row number LLng length Leaf length Leaf length. Leaf Observe the plant damage caused by chilo per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. ChiloDmg - Estimation 1-6 Endosperm color scale Observe maize busy stunt severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CSCMSev - Estimation Plant Plants harvested Number of plants harvested per unit area. havested number PHvst Ear position as a ratio of ear height to plant height. EPo position Ear Ear position EPo - Estimation Determine ear position using 1-3 scale. AleuCol color Color of the aleurone. Aleurone Aleurone color Observe the stem color between the two topmost ears. StemCol - Estimation SdlngDisInc - Counting Count the seedling that are affected by seedling diseases per plot. Growing degree days to maturity - Computation Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and maturity. GTrp - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain tryptophan content. Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. DW GY - Measurement Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Maize dwarf mosaic virus severity DMVSev Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) severity. Plant Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. DW GY - Computation EarW Individual - Measurement Harvest a mature upper ear and measure its weight Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence. Plant Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence FmonSRInc Stenocarpella ear rot severity SmaySev Ear Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) ear rot severity. Stenocarpella ear rot severity 0-10 Senescence scale GTyp - Estimation Score the grains based on grain characters such as floury, dent per plot. Tassel branch weight Tassel branch TslBW Weight of tassel branches. weight MSVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MSV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Divide the total number of ears with bad husk cover by the total number of ears harvested. BHskCovInc - Computation Observe the maize plant damage caused by striga per plot. StrigaDmg - Estimation Observe penicillium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). PERSev - Estimation tiller/plant DMSInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sorghum downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Sorghum downy mildew incidence Sorghum downy mildew incidence DMSInc Plant Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) incidence. index Sucrose content in the grain Sucrose content Grain sucrose content GSucrose Grain A ratio between the reflectance at a water band wavelength to a nearby reference wavelength where there is no absorption due to water content variability. WI Water index Plant water index Rank number Plant Corn stunt incidence CSCInc Corn stunt complex (corn stunt spiroplasma, maize bushy stunt phytoplasma [= mycoplasma], maize rayado fino virus) incidence. Corn stunt incidence umol/g TslSiz Tassel Tassel size size Tassel size. Maydis leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis = Helminthosporium maydis) severity. Maydis leaf blight severity BmaySev Maydis leaf blight severity Leaf Divide the total number of ears that are rotten by the total number of plants that are harvested. ERInc - Computation 1-3 Tassel branching type scale 1-5 Aleurone color scale branch BSDMInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by brown stripe downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. RLodgInc - Computation Divide the total number of plants that are root lodged due to weak soil or poorly developed anchorage roots by the total number of plants that are harvested. kg/ha PsacchInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. EShape - Estimation Standard method for ear shape CSmutSev - Estimation Observe common smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). variable_of Optimum number of measurements: i) Vegetative stage: Weekly measurements from 2 to 6 weeks after planting; ii) Flowering: only for inbred lines. NDVI - Measurement Count the number of plants that are affected by the common smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CSmutInc - Counting 1-4 Ear shape scale Observe grain row arrangement in the harvested ears and rate 1-4 categorical scale. GRArr - Estimation grain/plant AWormDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by army worms per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Measure sample weight of grains per plot after harvest, record dry weight of the same samples and calculate grain moisture content for each sample using formula: 100*(Wt of sample - Dry Weight)/Wt of sample. GMoi - Computation PStand - Counting Count total number of plants per plot. Silking date - Estimation Observe plants carefully and record date when 50% of plants within a plot area have silks visible (female flowering date). This is determined on a daily basis by counting the number of plants with at least one silk extruded divided by the total number of plants in the plot.