EW_DW_kgPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CLSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PStand_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SilkAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT ERInc_Ct_earPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LateWiltInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_lbPlot GxE Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoCol_E_1to6 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSTVInc_Cmp_pct 3 Lowest rank CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SdlngVig_E_1to5 DiabroticaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla white 1 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RustSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT SmaySev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Ant_Date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AD 1 low ear position Aflatox_M_ppb CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla spiral 4 CIMMYT OP_M_Mpa Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PsacchInc_Cmp_pct SteWiltInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoHard_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TSCSev_E_1to5 9 very strong CobGlCol_E_1to3 CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EturcSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT BwSpotSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EPo_E_1to3 CIMMYT FmonERSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ShellCobW_FW_kgPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GSucrose_M_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SdSizUse_compRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AntAnCol_E_1to5 PHTslB_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonSRSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT CSSSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BHskCovInc_E_pct 1 white AbStr_CompRank_Bl3 SRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 medium EndoProt_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_Adj_tha 95% 2 HSmutSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StrigaPN_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Ant_Cmp_Cday CIMMYT AnthesisGDU 3 red CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT AntAnCol_E_1to2 PpolySev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EWormInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GIron_M_ppm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StdGerm_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BmaySev_E_1to5 reddish 4 CIMMYT HSmutInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 primary AspERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SCMVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslDen_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRI_M_idx GW_DW_g200grn CIMMYT 200KW Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GProline_M_mgg CIMMYT 100KW CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_DW_g100grn EturcSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ELW_M_g CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AspERSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla strong 4 very weak 5 ShtPub_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 yellow 4 weak semi-hard and semi-transparent grains 2 PLSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BLSBSev_E_1to5 medium to high infection 6 very compact 1 ALBInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 irregular GW_FW_g100grn CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramSRInc_Ct_plntPlot medium infection 5 CIMMYT BwSpotSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CobNb_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_kgha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BusseolaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT PericCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Mat_Date_ymd CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MD high ear position 3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BactSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_Adj_g200grn CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AleuCol_E_1to5 MRFVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_DW_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BusseolaInc_Ct_plntPlot Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELLng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELSen_Date_ymd ELSenD orange 5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GNC_M_pct CIMMYT GProt_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT pop 7 CIMMYT EShape_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StenSRInc_Ct_plntPlot FusSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AspERSev_E_1to5 GrMark_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LateWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLys_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LodgInc_E_1to5 sparse 1 GN_Cmp_grnplnt CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GABA_M_ugg 1 100% CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Silk_Date_ymd SD CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Shell_Cmp_ratio CIMMYT BLSBSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTrp_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CRustSev_E_pct MRCVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RABA_M_ngg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonSRSev_E_1to5 GMoi_NIRS_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RGlucose_M_ngug CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 no infection EDia_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SteWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusERSev_E_1to5 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CLSSev_E_pct SmaySev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRDVInc_Cmp_pct RProl_M_ugg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 straight EWormInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SdlngDisInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRCVInc_Ct_plntPlot Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTW_M_lbbsh GxE ELng_M_mm GxE Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslExer_E_1to5 turgid leaves 2 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HSmutSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GGlucose_M_pct NDVI_M_idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla erect 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT MSVSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TRustSev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TKW GW_DW_g1000grn TGW 1000KW CIMMYT BmaySev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LABA_M_ngg CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SdlngDisInc_Cmp_pct PLSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EW_M_gear Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CRustSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT attribute excellent germination (90-100%) 1 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramERSev_E_pct CIMMYT 5 medium 3 mixed CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot 2 weak CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EPo_Cmp_ratio CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PVig_E_1to5 7 strong MRFVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EN_Ct_earPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Chl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DTELSen CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELSen_DT_day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_Adj_g1000grn CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CTMInc_Cmp_pct DMSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 green Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_Rank_number CIMMYT GCol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PytSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLng_CompRank_Bl3 LAsh_NIRS_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 unrolled MaturityGDU Mat_Cmp_Cday CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GOil_NIRS_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PDMInc_Cmp_pct 4 purple 2 cream 5 very long CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_Adj_g100grn CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMJInc_Ct_plntPlot 81-90% dead leave area 9 BHskCovInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla weak 3 indented 2 1 light green FmonSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PytSRInc_Ct_plntPlot MAIZE ontology CIMMYT CSSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla UpESh_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMVSev_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT ChiloDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ShellCobW_FW_gPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PH_M_cm Silk_DT_day DTS CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PHFL_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTex_E_1to5 Semi-flint, flint with a soft cap 5 GSucrose_M_umolg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoLys_M_pct CIMMYT PsacchInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TSCSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MLNSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MLNSev_E_pct AWornDmg_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BHskCovInc_Cmp_pct GUpSSh_E_1to6 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 4 semi-soft and semi-opaque grains CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CharRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT TslBN_Ct_branch Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla intermediate 2 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT MSTVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LAsh_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SilkGrwR_Cmp_cmday CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PHvst_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AflavERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 resistant, disease symptoms covering up to 20% GGlucose_M_ugmg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 Highest rank TSCSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TRustSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StrigaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT PUnif_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 6 white cap CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GWLostWeev_Cmp_pct FmonERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BwSpotSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HSmutSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_tha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GAsh_NIRS_pct BactSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCMSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT AstriInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_RelChk_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla severely rolled leaves, undesirable 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FungDis_E_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslBlastSev_E_1to5 highly resistant, clean no (%) infection 1 TslOpen_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla YLChl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EWormDmg_M_cm CIMMYT CIMMYT TRustSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GWid_M_mm GRN_Ct_rowear CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 floury CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SCond_M_mmolm2s 4 weak to medium GThk_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 4 yellow GxE Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EWid_M_mm WI_M_idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LCol_E_1to5 4 susceptible, disease symptoms covering upto 70% CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMJInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GProt_NIRS_pct 6 medium to strong DMSSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 moderately (50% ) infested GLSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PERSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LErect_E_1to4 1 conical 9 red Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EH_M_cm CIMMYT moderate to high level of blasting 4 LGBDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_tha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Tillering_Ct_tllrplnt Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSucrose_M_umolg BSDMInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CRustSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT CSCInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ALBInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LLng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Sen_E_pct GTyp_E_1to11 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Gcol_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT MLNSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 1-10% dead leaf area CIMMYT PAsp_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTrp_M_pct excellent 1 1 flint AflavERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Ant_DT_day Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DTA CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FungDis_E_0to1 OA_M_Mpa CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslBW_DW_g GY_CompRank_Bl3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BmaySev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Lowest rank 3 Sen_E_0to10 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Mat_DT_day DTM PstTol_CompRank_Bl3 very high level of blasting 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMVInc_Cmp_pct CompLoc_CompRank_Bl3 short 2 variegated 4 no infestation 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SLodgInc_Cmp_pct BLSBSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutInc_Cmp_pct 1 absent 0 absent CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RustSev_E_1to5 purple 3 1 absent or very weak HskCov_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla dense 3 DMSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_Adj_kgha PDMInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 good Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GZinc_M_ppm CIMMYT 4 brown CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSInc_Ct_plntPlot LProline_M_ugg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GOil_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla WeevN_Ct_weevil CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RLodgInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla sun red 2 TslTyp_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GVitA_M_µgg Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EN_Cmp_earplnt CIMMYT very low infection 2 CIMMYT FusERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StenSRInc_Cmp_pct open 4 CIMMYT ELChl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CobGlAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT present 2 GLSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PpolySev_E_1to9 RootCapac_M_uF CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 very vigorous other 5 2 cylindrical-conical CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_kgha Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RSucrose_M_ngug CIMMYT 4 round MCob_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ASI_Cmp_day Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RustSev_E_pct CIMMYT colorless 1 SLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 low to moderate level of blasting ERInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AntAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT semi-floury (morocho), with an external layer of hard endoseprm. 2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GStarch_M_pct Opaque 2/QPM 9 7 61-70% dead leave area CIMMYT EndoTrp_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 cylindrical TslGlAnCol_E_1to2 CIMMYT StBorDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_FW_g1000grn CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LRollSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AWormDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT TslGlBAnCol_E_1to2 CIMMYT FmonSRSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslGlBAnCol_E_1to5 GY_FW_kgPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BCLSSev_E_pct 6 orange 5 41-50% dead leave area DMVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 11-20% dead leaf area 2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_kgPlot CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCMSev_E_pct 3 semi open CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EHvst_Ct_earPlot SilkLng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GRArr_E_1to4 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla highly (>80%) damaged 5 WeevInc_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusERSev_E_pct CIMMYT brown 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCInc_Cmp_pct low infection 3 hard and transparent grains 1 HSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 postrate AflavERSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LSucrose_M_mgg CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CT_M_C present 1 BSDMInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AstriInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 6 51-60% dead leave area OvPerf_CompRank_Bl3 TslSiz_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GmRt_CompRank_Bl3 dent 5 other 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCMSev_E_1to5 3 red 3 conical CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLng_M_mm SmaySev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla pointed 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EW_FW_gPlot CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LSucrose_M_umolg 3 semi horizontal CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_RGY_pct 2 slightly (20%) infested CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GMoi_Cmp_pct semi erect 2 3 dark green 0 no dead leaf area PpolySev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 9 severe infection CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StemCol_E_1to5 GY_FW_gPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 Middle rank CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SCMVInc_Cmp_pct GrStor_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT AphDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CTMInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla very poor germination (0-10%) 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRDVInc_Ct_plntPlot DsTol_CompRank_Bl3 7 high infection DiatraeaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla red 3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BCLSSev_E_1to5 EturcSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla low to medium infection 4 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GABA_M_pgg CharRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 Middle rank strongly pointed 6 not severely rolled leaves 4 3 dark purple light purple 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EAsp_E_1to5 CIMMYT large 1 1 no blasting white 1 rounded 4 MatT_CompRank_BL3 8 strong to very strong CIMMYT MCob_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 bronze 3 moderately (50% ) damaged very weak to weak 2 5 very strong acronym 2 semi-flint CLSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla dent 3 absent 1 4 long conical-cylindrical 2 CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to5 GrTast_CompRank_Bl3 EGrwR_Cmp_gplntday Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 ear around mid-plant 6 flint medium 2 clean, no damage 1 very short 1 3 intermediate grain hardness 7 mottled 4 semi-dent moderately susceptible, disease symptoms covering up to 50% 3 4 poor germination (11-29%) GAsh_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EW_FW_kgPlot 1 Highest rank Significantly (70%) infested 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LWid_M_cm colorless 1 desirable 3 good germination (70-89%) 2 poor 4 Shell_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 71-80% dead leave area 8 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PERSev_E_1to5 brown 5 CIMMYT TslGlBAnCol_E_1to9 3 moderate level of blasting very poor 5 1 cylindrical vigorous 2 intermediate germination (30-69%) 3 severly infested 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_FW_g200grn 3 level BCLSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla purple 4 secondary 2 3 pale yellow intermediate 3 very high infection 8 1 shrunken 3 normal 4 Significantly (70%) damaged soft and opaque grains 5 2 compact normal 2 8 sweet 3 medium 2 slightly (20%) damaged 1 regular 2 grayyish white 3 dense 4 Semi-dent, intermediate between dent and flint but closer to dent purple 5 8 white cap 5 highly susceptible, disease symptoms covering >80% 2 green small 3 3 21-30% dead leaf area 4 31-40% dead leaf area entity 1 lax 3 primary-secondary-tertiary 3 intermediate 4 drooping GStarch Grain Whole-grain starch content. Grain starch content Starch content Standard method for osmotic potential. OP - Measurement Rank: 3 1-4 Grain row arrangement scale Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PsacchInc - Counting Divide the total number of SteWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SteWiltInc - Computation FmonERSev - Estimation Observe fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). GCol - Estimation Count total number of grain rows in the ear. CTMInc - Computation Divide the total number of CTM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Striga plant number Number of Striga hermonthica plants. Plant number Striga StrigaPN SdlngDisInc - Computation Divide the total number of SeedlingDis affected plants by the total number of plants harvested. Plant aspect Plant aspect Qualitative observation of plant ideotype. In another word, it rates characteristics such as plant and ear height, uniformity of plants, disease and insect damage, and lodging. PAsp Observe grain row arrangement in the harvested ears and rate 1-4 categorical scale. GRArr - Estimation Senescence senescence Leaf senescence. Leaf Sen LWid - Measurement Take same leaf measured for leaf length and measure mid-way along its length. Tropical rust severity Leaf TRustSev Tropical rust severity Tropical rust (Physopella zeae) severity. BusseolaDmg Plant Plant damage caused by Busseola larvae. Busseola damage Busseola damage Standard method for tassel exertion TslExer - Estimation Downy mildew severity DMSev Downy mildews (several species of the genera Peronosclerospora, Sclerospora, and Sclerophthora) severity. Downy mildew severity Leaf Plant Osmotic potential osmotic potential OP A measure of the potential of water to move between regions of differing concentrations across a water-permeable membrane. Tassel glumes base Anthocyanin coloration at base of tassel glumes. Tassel glumes base Anthocyanin coloration TslGlBCol Anthocyanin coloration Plant uniformity PUnif uniformity Uniformity of plants. Plant cm SteWiltInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by stewart wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. WeevN Maize weevil number Maize weevil number in Grain Grain The number of maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) hatching and emerging from an infested grain sample within a given period. Large values indicate susceptibility to grain weevils, small values indicate partial resistance to grain weevils. StenSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of StenSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. ALBInc Anthracnose leaf blight incidence Anthracnose leaf blight incidence Plant Anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola) incidence. Observe the plant damage caused by large grain borer per plot LGBDmg - Estimation Ear leaf senescence time Plant Ear leaf senescence time. ELSen ear leaf senescence time ear/plant Plant height from the base to the top part (in reproductive stages to the top of the tassel). height PH Plant height Plant ERInc - Counting Count the total number of ears that damaged or/and rotten per plot. BactSRInc Plant Bacterial stalk rot incidence Bacterial stalk rot incidence Bacterial stalk rot (Erwinia chrysanthemi) incidence. PsacchInc - Computation Divide the total number of Psacch damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. 1-3 Tassel branching type scale % 1-5 Anthocyanin coloration scale BusseolaInc - Counting Count the number plants that are damaged by busseola (african stem borer) per plot. MRDVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MRDV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Count the number of plants that are affected by stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SRInc - Counting Endosperm hardness. hardness Endosperm hardness Endosperm EndoHard Ear Penicillium ear rot severity PERSev Penicillium ear rot severity Penicillium ear rot severity. Weight of ear leaf (blade). ELW Ear leaf Ear leaf weight weight 1-9 disease scoring scale Aspergillus ear rot severity. AspERSev Ear Aspergillus ear rot severity Aspergillus ear rot severity Observe the plant damage caused by aphids per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AphDmg - Estimation Observe banded leaf and sheath blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BLSBSev - Estimation Maize rayado fino virus incidence MRFVInc Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) incidence. Maize rayado fino virus incidence Plant FW GY - Measurement Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and record fresh (field) weight. Pericarp Pericarp color color PericCol Color of the pericarp. ng/µg number GN Grain number. Grain Grain number texture GTex Grain texture Grain Grain texture as a measure of the variation on the intensity of a surface, quantifying properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. FmonERSev Ear Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity. Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity Plant multiple cob incidence Incidence of multiple cobs, as plants that have multiple ears arising from a single node. MCob Multiple cob incidence RGY - Computation Relative grain yield expressed as percentage of the mean grain yield of the trial. Values above 100% indicate above-average performance; values below 100% indicate below-average performance. Count the number of plants that are affected by maize dwarf mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMVInc - Counting NIRS method for whole-grain tryptophan content. NIRS GTrp- Measurement LRollSev - Estimation Observe the plants per plot with the leaves rolled. LErect - Estimation Standard method for leaf erectness CharRInc Plant Charcoal rot incidence Charcoal rot or (Macrophomina phaseolina) incidence. Charcoal rot incidence Observe fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FmonSRSev - Estimation Anthocyanin coloration of anthers. AntCol Anthocyanin coloration Anther Anthocyanin coloration Anther Grain GTrp Whole-grain Tryptophan content. Tryptophan content Grain Tryptophan content SLodgInc - Counting Count the number of plants with the stem lodged. The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. 1-5 Grain texture scale t/ha DMSInc - Computation Divide the total number of DMS damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Grain Loss of weight of the grain samples caused by weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) feeding during a given period of incubation. weight loss by maize weevil GWLostWeev Grain weight loss by maize weevil 1-9 Anthocyanin coloration scale Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) severity. MLNSev Maize lethal necrosis severity Maize lethal necrosis severity Plant The ratio of grain to total ear weight. Shelling ratio Shell Ear Ear shelling ratio Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration CobGlCol Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of cob glumes. yyyymmdd 1-5 disease scoring scale grain row arrangement Grain row arrangement GRArr Ear grain rows arrangement. Ear Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. GW DW - Measurement Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Grain GNC Grain Nitrogen content Nitrogen content Large grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) damage. Large grain borer damage Grain LGBDmg Large grain borer damage Plant height from the base to the ligule of the flag leaf. height to ligule of the flag leaf PHFL Plant height to ligule of the flag leaf Plant Tar spot complex severity Leaf TSCSev Tar spot complex (Phyllachora maydis, Monographella maydis) severity. Tar spot complex severity Observe turcicum leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). EturcSev - Estimation color Color of the aleurone. Aleurone Aleurone color AleuCol Comparative ranking by farmers method Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Aflatox Grain Aflatoxins content produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin content Aflatoxin content Grain Thickness of the grain. GThk Grain thickness thickness Grain Earworm incidence EWormInc Earworm incidence Ear worm (Heliothis) incidence. Ear Observe dead leaf area per plant/plot and rate. Sen - Estimation Leaf Gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) severity. GLSSev Gray leaf spot severity Gray leaf spot severity SCMVInc Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) incidence. Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence Plant Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence Count the number of ear damage caused by earworm per plot. EWormInc - Counting Relative to check - Computation Calculated as relative grain yield agaisnst the best check in percentage. EndoTrp - Measurement Standard method for endosperm tryptophan content. Leaf stomatal conductance Stomatal conductance Leaf SCond Stomatal conductance umol/g Measure sample weight of grains per plot after harvest, record dry weight of the same samples and calculate grain moisture content for each sample using formula: 100*(Wt of sample - Dry Weight)/Wt of sample. GMoi - Computation LodgInc - Estimation Scored for severity of lodging. RABA Abscisic acid content in the root. Abscisic acid content Root Root abscisic acid content Standard method for glumes tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The measurement should exclude the bases of the glumes. TslGlAnCol - Estimation Grain oil content Oil content GOil Whole-grain oil content. Grain Head smut incidence Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) incidence. Head smut incidence Plant HSmutInc MSVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MSV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Plant Diatraea damage DiatraeaDmg Diatraea damage Plant damage caused by Diatraea species. BwSpotSev Brown spot (Physoderma maydis) severity. Leaf Brown spot severity Brown spot severity Sugarcane downy mildew incidence Plant Sugarcane downy mildew incidence PsacchInc Sugarcane downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sacchari) incidence. AflavERSev Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity. Ear Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity GTex - Estimation Observe the variation of the intensity of a kernel/grain surface and score grain texture based on properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. BCLSSev - Estimation Observe bacterial leaf stripe severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Stem borer damage Stem borer damage includes different stem borers such as Chilo partellus, Sesamia spp. and Spodoptera. Stem borer damage StBorDmg Plant Leaf rolling severity Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. LRollSev rolling severity Leaf Standard method for whole-grain zinc content. GZinc - Measurement Polysora rust (in lowlands Puccinia polysora) severity. PpolySev Leaf Polysora rust severity Polysora rust severity Water index A ratio between the reflectance at a water band wavelength to a nearby reference wavelength where there is no absorption due to water content variability. WI water index Plant g/1000grain GTW - Computation Standard method for grain test weight. BHskCovInc - Estimation Observation of ears with bad husk cover. position Ear Ear position EPo Ear position as a ratio of ear height to plant height. Corn Spiroplasma stunt severity Corn stunt spiroplasma severity. Plant Corn stunt spiroplasma severity CSSSev CRustSev - Estimation Observe common rust severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CSmutSev - Estimation Observe common smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). The hosts ability to reduce the effect of damages on its fitness regardless of the level of pest pathogen multiplication ( Pest tolerance Plant Pest tolerance Ear aspect Observation of harvested ears based on some morphological and agronomical characters such as ear size, total numbers of ear harvested per plot, ear damaged caused by insects or/and diseases. Ear EAsp aspect CCI Earworm damage Ear Ear worm (Heliothis) damage. Earworm damage EWormDmg PHFL - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height between the base of a plant to the ligule of the flag leaf, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. Observe aspergillus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). AspERSev - Estimation row/ear Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants silk. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and silking date. DTS - Computation Observe curvularia leaf spot severity on plants per plot based on the degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CLSSev - Estimation EHvst - Counting Count the total number of ears harvested per plot/entry, excluding secondary ears that are extremely small. Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. Dry weight basis GY - Computation Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) incidence. DMVInc Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Plant Ear leaf length Ear leaf (blade) length. ELLng Ear leaf length Brown stripe downy mildew (Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae) incidence. BSDMInc Plant Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Brown stripe downy mildew incidence FusERSev Ear Fusarium ear rot severity. Fusarium ear rot severity Fusarium ear rot severity Adjusted GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. Black bundle incidence Black bundle (Acremonium strictum) incidence. Black bundle incidence AstriInc Plant g Divide the total number of DMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMVInc - Computation kg/plot Count the plants that are affected by fusarium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FusSRInc - Counting Days to maturity - Computation Number of days required from seeding to grain ripening. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and maturity date. Standard method for canopy temperature. CT - Measurement Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SCMVInc - Counting Measure, when applicable, ear diameter at the central part of uppermost ears of at least 20 representative plants per accession. EDia - Measurement Tassel exertion exertion Tassel exertion. TslExer Tassel Count the number of plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MSVInc - Counting NIRS method for whole-grain ash content NIRS GAsh - Measurement The hosts ability to reduce the effect of infection on its fitness regardless of the level of disease pathogen multiplication ( Disease Tolerance Plant Disease tolerance 1-5 Stem color scale Observe penicillium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). PERSev - Estimation Observe the plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MSVSev - Estimation cm/day TRustSev - Estimation Observe tropical severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Determine ear position using 1-3 scale. EPo - Estimation day Standard method for tassel branches dry weight. TslBW - Measurement Standard method for tassel anthers Anthocyanin coloration. The observation should be made in the middle third of the main branch on fresh anthers. AntAnCol - Estimation SilkGrwR - Computation Standard method for silk growth rate. density TslDen Tassel Density of spikelets. Tassel density Plant MSVInc Maize streak virus incidence Maize streak virus incidence (MSV) incidence. Maize streak virus incidence LErect Insertion angle of the leaves. Leaf erectness Leaf erectness Standard method for tassel type. TslTyp - Estimation RootCapac - Measurement Standard method for root capitance. SmaySev - Estimation Observe stenocarpella ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Number of cobs Cob Cob number Number Grain taste Taste of the grain (after cooking? Raw?) taste Grain ELLng - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf length. WeevN - Counting Standard method for maize weevil number in a sample. Weevils were counted only once (at the end of a 45-d incubation period) Standard method for abscisic acid content. ABA - Measurement SLodgInc Plant Stem lodging incidence. The plants that show stem lodging, i.e. those stems that are broken below the ear. stem lodging incidence Stem lodging incidence color Color of the grain. Grain color GCol Grain Standard method for leaves ash content LAsh- Measurement tiller/plant Standard method for osmotic adjustment. OA - Measurement Ear Ear weight EW weight Weight of mature upper ear, including cob and kernels, and at a defined moisture content, although often this is not provided. Observe brown spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BwSpotSev - Estimation Score the plants per plot combining several agronomical and morphological characters of plants such plant height, ear height, stem/root loading. Note: Combination of traits usually differ from one breeder to another depending on type of study. PAsp - Estimation Divide the total number of LateWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. LateWiltInc - Computation plant/plot MCob - Counting Count the number of plants that have more than one ear growing from the same node. Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Banded leaf and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii) severity. Leaf BLSBSev Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Standard method for ear shape EShape - Estimation EarW Dry weight - Measurement Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and record weight. If at all possible, delay harvest of maize until its moisture content is low (15-25%). GStarch - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain starch content. 1-5 damage scoring scale DMSev - Estimation Observe downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). lb/bsh Divide the total number of MRCV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MRCVInc - Computation Grain Standard germination StdGerm Standard germination Standard germination. RLodgInc - Computation Divide the total number of plants that are root lodged due to weak soil or poorly developed anchorage roots by the total number of plants that are harvested. PRI photochemical radiation index Photochemical radiation index. A canopy reflectance index indicating photosynthetic radiation use efficiency. Plant Photochemical radiation index Count the number of plants that are affected by head smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. HSmutInc - Counting Standard method for endosperm protein content. EndoProt - Measurement Grain Grain marketability Grain marketability refers to the commercial viability or attractiveness of a particular type of grain for sale in the agricultural market. marketability ppm EndoCol Endosperm color color Endosperm Color of the endosperm. PRI - Measurement Standard method for photochemical radiation index. Rank number Count the number of plants that are affected by CTM per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CTMInc - Counting Sucrose content in the cob Cob Cob sucrose content Sucrose content CSucrose Observe maize busy stunt severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CSCMSev - Estimation ChiloDmg Chilo damage Plant Chilo damage Chilo (Chilo partellus) damage. Ear Stenocarpella ear rot severity Stenocarpella ear rot severity SmaySev Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) ear rot severity. Record date when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Ear leaf senescence date - Computation Normalized difference vegetation index normalized difference vegetation index NDVI Plant Canopy normalized difference vegetation index. Ear bad husk cover incidence Ear Ears bad husk cover incidence. BHskCovInc bad husk cover incidence ear/plot GNC - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain Nitrogen content Standard method for grain number. GN - Computation 1-5 Tassel blasting severity scale EndoCol - Estimation Observe the endosperm color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. Growth rate of the ear(s) on a plant. It may include the sum of the apical and sub-apical ear growth from prolific plants. EGrwR growth rate Ear Ear growth rate Protein content Grain protein content GProt Whole-grain protein content. Grain Ear damage EDmg Ear Ear damage Ear damage caused by ear rot and/or insects, etc. Standard method for whole-grain lysin content. GLys - Measurement 1-5 WeevDmgInc scale Seedling SdlngVig Seedling vigor. vigor Seedling vigor EN - Computation Compute number of ears using the formula. Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products RustSev Leaf Rust severity Multiple rust pathogens severity. Rust severity Root RGlucose Glucose content Glucose content in the root. Root glucose content Plant height from base to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear. Plant Ear height EH height to insertion of uppermost ear Osmotic adjustment Osmotic adjustment as ability of the plant to adjust the osmotic potential under stress conditions. Plant OA osmotic adjustment Leaf Sucrose content in the leaf LSucrose Sucrose content Leaf sucrose content mm Plant CSCInc Corn stunt incidence Corn stunt incidence Corn stunt complex (corn stunt spiroplasma, maize bushy stunt phytoplasma [= mycoplasma], maize rayado fino virus) incidence. CobGlAnCol - Estimation Standard method for cob tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The anthocyanin Anthocyanin colorationation should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. UpESh - Estimation Observe shape of uppermost ear. Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. GW FW - Measurement AstriInc - Computation Divide the total number of ASTRI damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Observation of lodging severity. LodgInc lodging incidence Plant Lodging incidence Grain Grain storability refers to the ability of grains to remain viable and maintain their quality over a period of time when stored under a given condition. storability Grain storability Bacterial leaf stripe severity Bacterial leaf stripe (Pseudomonas rubrilinians) severity. BCLSSev Leaf Bacterial leaf stripe severity GLng Grain length Grain length. Grain length ELW - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf weight. Standard method for standard germination StdGerm - Estimation stand Plant stand PStand Plant Number of plants per unit area. Standard method for endosperm lysin content. EndoLys - Measurement Number of tillers per plant. Tillering Plant tillering Tillering Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence Mal de rio cuarto virus (MRCV) incidence. MRCVInc Plant Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence TslBN - Counting Standard method for tassel branches number. StemCol - Estimation Observe the stem color between the two topmost ears. g/plot Philippine downy mildew incidence PDMInc Plant Philippine downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis) incidence. Philippine downy mildew incidence Observe the maize plant damage caused by striga per plot. StrigaDmg - Estimation 1-5 Tassel exertion scale Date when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and record the date. Anthesis date - Estimation SRInc - Computation Divide the total number of SRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. PLSSev Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity Leaf Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (Phaeosphaeria maydis) severity. Plant Diabrotica damage Plant damage caused by Diabrotica species. Diabrotica damage DiabroticaDmg Army worm damage Plant Army worm damage Army worm (syn. Spodoptera exempta) damage. AWormDmg Observe the plant damage caused by stem borer per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. StBorDmg - Estimation GOil - Measurement Standard method for oil content Count the plants that are affected by fusarium graminearum stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FgramSRInc - Counting ug/g Harvest ears per plot (eliminate first and last plants to avoid border effects) and score ear aspect combining several ear-associated traits. Note: Combination of traits usually differs from one breeder to another depending on type of study. EAsp - Estimation Divide the total number of CSC damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CSCInc - Computation Use ear height and plant height data of the same plants per plot and calculate the ratio. Small values indicate low ear position; large values indicate high ear position. EPo - Computation PytSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of PytSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Divide the total number of ALB damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. ALBInc - Computation Observe maydis leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BmaySev - Estimation HskCov - Estimation Observe the ears hask cover and rate it. CT Canopy temperature. canopy temperature Canopy temperature Plant Observe the plant damage caused by Diabrotica per plot. DiabroticaDmg - Estimation Stewarts wilt incidence Stewarts wilt incidence Plant Stewart wilt (Erwinia stewartii) incidence. SteWiltInc Branching type of tassel. Tassel Tassel branching type branching type TslTyp Count the number of tillers per plant (average of more than 20 representative) plants. Tillering - Counting 1-11 Grain type scale Maturity time Plant Maturity time. maturity time PStand - Counting Count total number of plants per plot. CSCMSev Plant Maize bushy stunt severity Maize bushy stunt (caused by mycoplasma like organism, MLO) severity. Maize bushy stunt severity Divide the total number of BactSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. BactSRInc - Computation CSmutInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by the common smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Standard method for tassel Anthocyanin coloration. TslAnCol - Estimation Use formula to calculate ear sheeling ratio. Shell - Computation 1-5 Vigor scale Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. FW GY - Computation Measure the thickness of the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. GThk - Measurement 0-1 absent-present scale Ear EWid width Ear width. Ear width Divide the total number of Chupon plants by the total number of plants harvested. MCob - Computation 1-4 Leaf erectness scale Average of 10 consecutive grains from one row in the middle of the uppermost ear, measured with calliper. GLng - Measurement Tassel Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration TslCol Tassel Anthocyanin coloration of tassel. Number of grain rows in the central part of the uppermost ear. GRN Ear Grain row number grain row number Plant Maize streak virus severity MSVSev Maize streak virus severity Maize streak virus severity (MSV) severity. StrigaPN - Counting Count the total number of emerged striga plants per plot. It is counted three times, 8 weeks, 10 weeks and 12 weeks after planting. Divide the total number of ears with bad husk cover by the total number of ears harvested. BHskCovInc - Computation GIron - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain iron content. HSmutSev - Estimation Observe head smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Grain Whole-grain iron content. Iron content GIron Grain iron content AstriInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by black bundle per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Score maize weevil damage on the plants per plot. WeevInc - Estimation 1-5 Aleurone color scale Abiotic stress tolerance Plant Abiotic stress tolerance The hosts ability to reduce the effect of stress on its fitness regardless of the level of abiotic stress (flood, drought, …) applied AleuCol - Estimation Observe the aleurone color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. Count the number of plants that are affected by bacterial stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. BactSRInc - Counting Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. DW GY - Measurement Plant Damage of Striga hermonthica plants on maize plants. StrigaDmg Striga damage Striga damage Leaf width Leaf width. LWid Leaf width SilkAnCol - Estimation Standard method for silk Anthocyanin coloration. Ear rot incidence Ear Ear rot incidence. ERInc Ear rot incidence Whole-grain zinc content. Grain zinc content Grain Zinc content GZinc Seed size for target use/market Size of seeds matching demand for a use or a market size Grain PHTslB - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the insertion of the first tassel branch, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. Grain moisture. GMoi moisture content Grain Grain moisture Leaf Common rust severity Severity of common rust ( Puccinia sorghi). Common rust severity CRustSev GTW Grain test weight of mature kernels. Grain Grain test weight test weight EWormDmg - Measurement Standard method for earworm damage measured in cm of feeding. 0 - no ear damage, 1 - 1 cm, + 1 for each additional cm of feeding 1-2 absent-present scale Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and 50% anthesis. Growing degree days to anthesis - Computation PHTslB Plant height to insertion of first tassel branch Plant height from the base to the insertion of the first tassel branch. Plant height to insertion of first tassel branch Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence FgramSRInc Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence. Plant Grain Type of grain. Grain type type GTyp Crazy top (Sclerophthora macrospora) incidence. Crazy top downy mildew incidence CTMInc Crazy top downy mildew incidence Plant Glucose - Measurement Standard method for glucose content. MLNSev - Estimation Observe maize lethal necrosis severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Count the number of ears. EN - Counting Observe the plant damage caused by army worms per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AWormDmg - Estimation MRFVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize bushy stunt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Anthesis time Ant Anthesis time. anthesis time Plant 1-3 Plant uniformity scale length Silk Silk length. Silk length SilkLng Count the number of plants that are affected by sorghum downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMSInc - Counting Tassel size Tassel size. size TslSiz Tassel Divide the total number of SCMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SCMVInc - Computation Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae)incidence. CSmutInc Common smut incidence Common smut incidence Plant 1-3 density scale Ear Ear husk cover observed as degree of the husk covering the tip of the ear. Ear husk cover HskCov husk cover RustSev - Estimation Observe rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Count the number of plants that are affected by mal de rio cuarto virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRCVInc - Counting GUpSSh Grain upper surface shape Grain Shape of the upper surface of grain. upper surface shape FusERSev - Estimation Observe fusarium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Cob glumes Cob glumes color Color of the cob glumes. CobGlCol color Abscisic acid content in the leaf. Leaf abscisic acid content LABA Abscisic acid content Leaf Measured with a portable chlorophyll meter (e.g. SPAD). Take the average measure from leaves of six alternating plants and use always leaves of similar insertion level. Chl - Measurement MRDVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize rough dwarf virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Young leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content YLChl Young leaf Chlorophyll content in the young leaf. Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on ears per plot based on degree of infection. FgramERSev - Estimation Proline content in the root. RProl Root proline content Root Proline content Count the total number of plants harvested per plot/entry. PHvst - Counting Seed weight loss was determined using the count and weight method of Gwinner et al (1996). Weight loss (%) = (Wu x Nd) - (Wd x Nu) x 100 / Wu x (Nd + Nu) where Wu=weight of the undamaged seed, Nu = number of undamaged seed, Wd = Weight of damaged seed, and Nd=Number of damaged seed. GWLostWeev - Measurement ChiloDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by chilo per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Comparative ranking by users method Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Grain Lysine content GLys Lysine content Whole-grain Lysine content. Grain Fusarium stalk rot incidence FusSRInc Fusarium stalk rot incidence. Plant Fusarium stalk rot incidence Fungal disease presence The trait is scored for the response to the diseases caused by several fungi. FungDis Plant Fungal disease presence Endosperm Lysine content Lysine content in grain endosperm. Lysine content Endosperm EndoLys g/plant/day Silking time Plant silking time Silking time. Silk Standard method for water index. WI - Measurement PUnif - Estimation Standard method for plant uniformity CobGlCol - Estimation Standard method for cob tassel color. The anthocyanin coloration should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. Maize weevil incidence Maize weevil incidence Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) incidence on grain. Grain WeevInc Standard method for whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. GVitA - Measurement EndoProt Endosperm Endosperm protein content Protein content Protein content in grain endosperm. Score the tassels based on size using 1-3 categorical scale. TslSiz - Estimation Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity. Ear Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity FgramERSev StenSRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by stenocarpella stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Ear harvested number Number of ears harvested. Ear harvested number EHvst Observe aspergillus flavus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). AflavERSev - Estimation Leaf Maydis leaf blight severity Maydis leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis = Helminthosporium maydis) severity. BmaySev Maydis leaf blight severity Ear position ratio scale_of Standard method for aflatoxin content. Aflatox - Measurement Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity. FmonSRSev Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity Plant Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity Observe the ears damage caused by ear rot and/or insects per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. EDmg - Estimation GTrp - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain tryptophan content. Record shelled cob field weight. ShellCobW - Measurement (duplicate) Root capacitance capacitance Estimation of root mass at the end of the stress using an electrical capacitance meter. RootCapac Root Ash content GAsh Grain ash content Whole-grain ash content. Grain Plant Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) stalk rot incidence. Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence StenSRInc Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence Standard method for ear leaf chlorophyll content. ELChl - Measurement YLChl - Measurement Standard method for young leaf chlorophyll content. havested number Number of plants harvested per unit area. Plants harvested Plant PHvst Ear diameter Ear diameter measured at the central part of uppermost ear. EDia Ear diameter LCol - Estimation Standard method for leaf color. ¡C Presence and intensity of hairs on the surface of the leaf sheath. Sheath pubescence pubescence Sheath ShtPub UpESh Uppermost ear Shape of uppermost ear whether cylindrical or cylindrical-conical or conical or round. Uppermost ear shape shape Divide the total number of HSmut damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. HSmutInc - Computation Ear shape Ear shape Ear EShape shape Sucrose - Measurement Standard method for sucrose content. GW Adjusted - Computation Compute grain weigh adjuted to 12.5% moisture. PDMInc - Computation Divide the total number of PDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. GAsh - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain ash content Glucose content Grain Glucose content in the grain. GGlucose Grain glucose content Plant Plant vigor. PVig Plant vigor vigor EarW Field weight - Measurement Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried ears. 1-6 Grain upper surface shape scale TslBlastSev - Estimation Standard method for tassel blasting. ELng length Ear Ear length Ear length. Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection. CSSSev - Estimation Ear leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Ear leaf Chlorophyll content in the ear leaf. ELChl Record the date when excised kernels are longitudinally cut to expose a black internal abscission layer at the base of the kernel that signals the kernel has ceased to absorb nutrients or moisture from the mother plants. Maturity date - Estimation Leaf length. Leaf length length LLng Leaf mg/g uF grain/plant MRDVInc Plant Maize rough dwarf virus incidence Maize rough dwarf virus incidence Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) incidence. Count number of days from planting date to anthesis and silking to determine days to anthesis (DTA) and days to silking (DTS), respectively and determine anthesis silking interval (ASI) by calculating: ASI = DTS-DTA. ASI - Computation Recommended to take 6 alternating plants per plot and measure the height between the base of a plant to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear of the same plant, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. EH - Measurement g/100grain TslOpen Tassel angle. Tassel opening Tassel opening TslOpen - Estimation Standard method for tassel opening Observe the shape of the upper surface of grain, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession, after harvest. GUpSSh - Estimation Observe maize dwarf mosaic virus severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMVSev - Estimation Silking date - Estimation Observe plants carefully and record date when 50% of plants within a plot area have silks visible (female flowering date). This is determined on a daily basis by counting the number of plants with at least one silk extruded divided by the total number of plants in the plot. CSmutInc - Computation Divide the total number of CSN damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Count the number of plants that show root lodging and record data in filedbook. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. RLodgInc - Counting Divide the total number of EWDMG damaged ears by the total number of plants harvested. EWormInc - Computation Curvularia leaf spot severity Curvularia leaf spot severity CLSSev Leaf Curvularia leaf spot (Curvularia spp.) severity. Mpa Tassel branch weight Tassel branch TslBW weight Weight of tassel branches. Count the number of plants that are affected by brown stripe downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. BSDMInc - Counting 1-5 Tassel opening scale CharRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by charcoal rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Measured with a portable porometer. Take the measures in the middle between leaf tip and leaf base, and in between leaf midrib and leaf rim. Blade sections measured must to be exposed to sunlight for at least the 30 minutes before. Measurements always performed in the same side of the leaf (usually the lower or abaxial one). One measurement per leaf, and at least 3 per plot. 1 min per measurement. SCond - Measurement Plant Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) severity. Maize dwarf mosaic virus severity Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence DMVSev Sucrose content Sucrose content in the root. RSucrose Root sucrose content Root Divide the total number of MSTV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MSTVInc - Computation ERInc - Computation Divide the total number of ears that are rotten by the total number of plants that are harvested. number Tassel branch number TslBN Tassel branch Number of branches on tassel. Tryptophan content Endosperm EndoTrp Tryptophan content in grain endosperm. Endosperm Tryptophan content Ranking:3 EGrwR - Computation Standard method for ear growth rate. Grain provitaminA content Grain ProvitaminA content GVitA Whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. Count the total number of ears with bad husk cover. BHskCovInc - Counting Standard method for silk length. SilkLng - Measurement Grain abscisic acid content Grain Abscisic acid content GABA Abscisic acid content in the grain. DMJInc - Computation Divide the total number of DMJ damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Seedling disease incidence. Seedling disease incidence Plant SdlngDisInc Seedling disease incidence DMSSev - Estimation Observe sorghum downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). MSTVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize stripe virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Grain Sucrose content in the grain GSucrose Sucrose content Grain sucrose content Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Count the number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and ear leaf senescence date. Days to ear leaf senescence date - Computation Common smut severity Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae) severity. CSmutSev Ear Common smut severity DW GY - Measurement Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. Observe polysora rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). PpolySev - Estimation LateWiltInc Late wilt incidence Plant Late wilt incidence Late wilt (Cephalosporium maydis) incidence. Observe phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). PLSSev - Estimation Busseola larvae incidence. BusseolaInc Busseola incidence Plant Busseola damage incidence BSDMInc - Computation Divide the total number of BSDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the top of the tassel, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. PH - Measurement Silk growth rate Growth rate of silk. Silk SilkGrwR growth rate Count the number of plants that are affected by philippine downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PDMInc - Counting Plant RLodgInc Root lodging incidence Root lodging incidence. The plants that show root lodging, i.e. those stems that are inclining by more than 45¡. root lodging incidence Plant Performance of a maize variety with the local variety Comparison with local Comparison with local FmonSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FmonSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. LAsh Leaf ash content Ash content Ash content in maize leaves. Leaf Grain width. GWid Grain width Grain width 1-5 Pericarp color scale MSTVInc Plant Maize stripe virus incidence Maize stripe virus incidence Maize stripe virus (MSTV) incidence. CSCInc - Counting Count the total number of plants that are affected by corn stunt complex per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. 1-5 rating scale Leaf color Color of the leaf. Leaf color LCol 1-3 size scale Text TSCSev - Estimation Observe tarspot complex severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMJInc Plant Java downy mildew incidence Java downy mildew incidence Java downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis) incidence. Anthocyanin coloration TslGlCol Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration of tassel glumes excluding the bases of the glumes. Grain proline content Proline content in the grain. GProline Proline content Grain Germination rate Germination Grain Germination rate is calculated by dividing the number of seeds that sprout by the total number of seeds started, and then multiplying that number by 100 to get a percentage. Standard method for sheath pubescence content. ShtPub - Estimation AphDmg Aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis) damage. Aphid damage Aphid damage Plant Divide the total number of FgramSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. FgramSRInc - Computation Observe color of grains. GCol - Estimation blasting severity Observation of blasting severity of the tassel (necrosis due to heat stress) at the time of flowering. It occurs under extreme temperatures and drought. Tassel TslBlastSev Tassel blasting severity 1-3 Ear shape scale ¡C day Optimum number of measurements: i) Vegetative stage: Weekly measurements from 2 to 6 weeks after planting; ii) Flowering: only for inbred lines. NDVI - Measurement kg/ha Stalk rot incidence Stalk rot incidence Stalk rot (multiple pathogens or an unidentified pathogen) incidence. Plant SRInc Proline - Measurement Standard method for proline content. Silk Anthocyanin coloration SilkCol Silk Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of stigmas. GYRank - Computation It is calculated as the numerical position of the progeny when yields are arrenged from highest to lowest. Sorghum downy mildew incidence Sorghum downy mildew incidence DMSInc Plant Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) incidence. 1-5 Endosperm hardness scale Grain Grain yield per unit area, either field weight basis, dry weight basis or adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. yield GY Grain yield index Meaure ear width. EWid - Measurement 1-6 Endosperm color scale ALBInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by anthracnose leaf blight per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Divide the total number of CharRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CharRInc - Computation Observe the pericarp color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. PericCol - Estimation Sorghum downy mildew severity Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) severity. Plant DMSSev Sorghum downy mildew severity 0-10 Senescence scale Measure on the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. GWid - Measurement Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence FmonSRInc Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence Plant Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence. 1-3 Tassel density scale mmol /m2/s g/200grain FW GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. Pythium stalk rot incidence PytSRInc Pythium stalk rot (Pythium spp.) incidence. Plant Pythium stalk rot incidence Score the grains based on grain characters such as floury, dent per plot. GTyp - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by Diatraea plot. DiatraeaDmg - Estimation Plants ability to thrive, adapt, and produce desired outcomes in a given environment or context. Overall performance Plant Overall performance Chlorophyll content Chl Chlorophyll content Leaf Leaf chlorophyll content. Leaf proline content Proline content in the leaf. Leaf LProline Proline content Count the number of plants that are affected by DMJ per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMJInc - Counting NIRS Moi - Measurement Measure moisture of a grain sample using NIRS moisture analyzer. Plant Anthesis silking interval. anthesis silking interval Anthesis silking interval ASI Standard method for glumes base tassel Anthocyanin coloration. TslGlBAnCol - Estimation Divide the total number of MRFV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MRFVInc - Computation Standard method for tassel density TslDen - Estimation Ear shelling ratio EturcSev Leaf Turcicum leaf blight severity Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum = Helminthosporium turcicum) severity. Turcicum leaf blight severity ng/g Measure the leaf which subtends the uppermost ear from ligule to apex. LLng - Measurement Measure, when applicable, ear length of at least 20 representative plants per accession, record the data in the fieldbook. ELng - Measurement NIRS GProt- Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain protein content. number EN Ear number Ear Ear number. 1-5 Leaf rolling severity scale EarW Individual - Measurement Harvest a mature upper ear and measure its weight Divide the total number of FusSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. FusSRInc - Computation SdlngDisInc - Counting Count the seedling that are affected by seedling diseases per plot. weevil NIRS method for leaves ash content NIRS LAsh - Measurement ug/mg Count the number of plants that are affected by late wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. LateWiltInc - Counting Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. DW GY - Computation FungDis - Estimation Observe the plants that are damaged by any fungal diseases. EndoHard - Estimation Determine quality of endosperm such as hardness in the lab and use 1-5 to scale to score it. 1-4 Ear shape scale Count the plants that are affected by fusarium moniliforme stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FmonSRInc - Counting Growing degree days to maturity - Computation Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and maturity. Standard method for plant vigor PVig - Estimation Color of the stem. color StemCol Stem color Stem Grain Grain weight weight GW Grain weight of mature kernels. Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and score the number of days from sowing. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and anthesis date. Days to anthesis - Computation 1-5 Standard germination scale GProt - Computation Standard method for whole-grain protein content. % Protein = % of nitrogen x 6.25 branch lb/plot SLodgInc - Computation Divide the total numbers of plants with lodged stems by number of plants harvested. 1-3 Ear position scale GLSSev - Estimation Observe GLS severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Count the number of plants that are affected by pythium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PytSRInc - Counting NIRS method for oil content NIRS GOil - Measurement variable_of Head smut severity Plant HSmutSev Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) severity. Head smut severity pg/g 1-5 Leaf color scale 1-3 Cob color scale 1-9 Grain color scale Weight of shelled cob. weight or yield Shelled cob ShellCobW Shelled cob weight ppb method_of