CIMMYT DMVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TSCSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 purple 100KW Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_DW_g100grn CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EAsp_E_1to5 4 semi-dent MCob_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ELng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 5 highly (>80%) damaged Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PsacchInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT TslExer_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSmutSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EShape_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StrigaPN_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RustSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT 1 hard and transparent grains CIMMYT CobGlCol_E_1to3 CIMMYT PpolySev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSucrose_M_pct GW_Adj_g1000grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ERInc_Cmp_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EturcSev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GZinc_M_ppm EndoProt_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GGlucose_M_pct GLng_CompRank_Bl3 GN_Cmp_grnplnt Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT purple 4 normal 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FusSRInc_Ct_plntPlot UpESh_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FusERSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSCInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Sen_E_0to10 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SilkGrwR_Cmp_cmday Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT SCond_M_mmolm2s Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 4 susceptible, disease symptoms covering upto 70% Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ELLng_M_cm good 2 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla WI_M_idx CIMMYT PERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCMSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT 2 semi-flint no dead leaf area 0 CIMMYT LAsh_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GCol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GMoi_NIRS_pct GTrp_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramERSev_E_pct CSmutSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GOil_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CLSSev_E_1to9 ELSen_DT_day DTELSen Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MaturityGDU Mat_Cmp_Cday purple 5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMJInc_Cmp_pct SCMVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LateWiltInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 conical FusERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT EndoHard_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CompLoc_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT CRustSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_FW_g100grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT irregular 2 PAsp_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT clean, no damage 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BSDMInc_Ct_plntPlot GW_Adj_g200grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Aflatox_M_ppb MRCVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 5 postrate 1 Highest rank 3 intermediate BCLSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GRN_Ct_rowear CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LErect_E_1to4 PHFL_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RustSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_RelChk_pct CIMMYT ShtPub_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ASI_Cmp_day very weak 5 6 strongly pointed Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CT_M_C CIMMYT 1 lax CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EPo_Cmp_ratio CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ERInc_Ct_earPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SilkLng_M_cm FmonSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRCVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT level 3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSVSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RustSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLSBSev_E_1to9 FmonSRSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AWornDmg_CompRank_Bl3 DMSInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 normal Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AflavERSev_E_pct CIMMYT AntAnCol_E_1to9 FmonSRSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSTVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GThk_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla moderately (50% ) infested 3 CharRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MatT_CompRank_BL3 CIMMYT EDia_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_DW_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EW_FW_gPlot PstTol_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT HSmutSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PDMInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PpolySev_E_1to5 CIMMYT PHTslB_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla green 1 MRDVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AstriInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LGBDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PsacchInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LAsh_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GVitA_M_µgg EturcSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot EWormInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EH_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EndoCol_E_1to6 CIMMYT GABA_M_pgg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ear around mid-plant 2 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HSmutSev_E_1to9 white 1 3 intermediate grain hardness 4 yellow MLNSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT GProt_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LSucrose_M_mgg CIMMYT dark green 3 good germination (70-89%) 2 2 weak Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_tha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BHskCovInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AflavERSev_E_1to5 absent 0 2 conical-cylindrical Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FusSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GIron_M_ppm CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RGlucose_M_ngug CIMMYT Middle rank 2 3 high ear position FmonSRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT very poor 5 secondary 2 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AspERSev_E_1to9 SCMVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StBorDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 very low infection TslGlAnCol_E_1to2 CIMMYT 1 flint CIMMYT AflavERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT OP_M_Mpa CIMMYT CRustSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MRFVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PVig_E_1to5 StenSRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT EGrwR_Cmp_gplntday Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GMoi_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT TslGlBAnCol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_DW_kgha moderately susceptible, disease symptoms covering up to 50% 3 weak 3 SLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT intermediate germination (30-69%) 3 EPo_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LRollSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BactSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BmaySev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EndoTrp_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PDMInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HskCov_E_1to5 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BwSpotSev_E_1to9 GY_Rank_number Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT HSmutSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Gcol_CompRank_Bl3 CSCInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Semi-dent, intermediate between dent and flint but closer to dent 4 2 present Mat_Date_ymd MD Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT semi open 3 CIMMYT DiabroticaDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_FW_g1000grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EN_Ct_earPlot semi-floury (morocho), with an external layer of hard endoseprm. 2 GW_Adj_g100grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 pale yellow TslOpen_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT long 4 FmonERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GGlucose_M_ugmg CIMMYT CharRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GTyp_E_1to11 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSTVInc_Cmp_pct intermediate 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslBlastSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMJInc_Ct_plntPlot AspERSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 large CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SteWiltInc_Cmp_pct sparse 1 WeevInc_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT DMSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonERSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla pop 7 semi-soft and semi-opaque grains 4 BusseolaInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT very vigorous 1 ShellCobW_FW_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT MSVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla no blasting 1 ELng_M_mm GxE Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GOil_M_pct 3 medium Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GNC_M_pct 2 compact very weak to weak 2 1 primary 3 semi horizontal 2 semi erect EWid_M_mm GxE Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BwSpotSev_E_pct CIMMYT GrStor_CompRank_Bl3 TslAnCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BusseolaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT LodgInc_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLSBSev_E_1to5 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonSRSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_RGY_pct 1 present CIMMYT BmaySev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRFVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 8 very high infection 1 absent CIMMYT CTMInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLys_M_pct CIMMYT 2 Middle rank red 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EturcSev_E_1to5 RLodgInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CLSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PLSSev_E_1to9 GAsh_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT GProt_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DsTol_CompRank_Bl3 GY_FW_lbPlot GxE Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TRustSev_E_pct CIMMYT 7 mottled 4 poor germination (11-29%) Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot LSucrose_M_umolg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 brown DMSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TSCSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AWormDmg_E_1to5 3 small GrTast_CompRank_Bl3 PRI_M_idx Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FungDis_E_0to1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StrigaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT EW_M_gear Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BactSRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSVSev_E_1to5 absent or very weak 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SteWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslGlBAnCol_E_1to5 strong 7 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SmaySev_E_1to9 5 very high level of blasting Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslSiz_E_1to3 moderately (50% ) damaged 3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramERSev_E_1to9 MAIZE ontology Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BCLSSev_E_pct GABA_M_ugg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 erect dense 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ELW_M_g GY_Adj_kgha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 resistant, disease symptoms covering up to 20% Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PpolySev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AstriInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT 5 very strong 6 medium to high infection LWid_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 Significantly (70%) infested CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PHvst_Ct_plntPlot severely rolled leaves, undesirable 5 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSVSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MLNSev_E_1to9 1 very short Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Ant_Cmp_Cday AnthesisGDU GY_DW_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FusERSev_E_1to5 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LABA_M_ngg CIMMYT GrMark_CompRank_Bl3 TRustSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 95% 2 1 excellent 6 orange CIMMYT CobGlAnCol_E_1to9 DTA Ant_DT_day Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TGW GW_DW_g1000grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1000KW CIMMYT TKW GY_FW_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GSucrose_M_umolg 4 drooping mixed 3 Tillering_Ct_tllrplnt CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AbStr_CompRank_Bl3 low ear position 1 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LProline_M_ugg 3 dark purple 41-50% dead leave area 5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_FW_g200grn LLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 turgid leaves Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_DW_tha very poor germination (0-10%) 5 cylindrical 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BwSpotSev_E_1to5 2 short Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SilkAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT ELSenD Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ELSen_Date_ymd 2 low to moderate level of blasting Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CRustSev_E_1to9 5 highly susceptible, disease symptoms covering >80% CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EWormInc_Ct_plntPlot CobNb_CompRank_Bl3 OvPerf_CompRank_Bl3 AntAnCol_E_1to2 CIMMYT GLSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Shell_Cmp_ratio CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PytSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SmaySev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslBW_DW_g CIMMYT SdlngVig_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LateWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SmaySev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla other 5 1 floury BHskCovInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT slightly (20%) infested 2 Highest rank 1 EW_FW_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to9 WeevN_Ct_weevil Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRArr_E_1to4 100% 1 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RSucrose_M_ngug CIMMYT 5 Semi-flint, flint with a soft cap highly resistant, clean no (%) infection 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PStand_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Sen_E_pct CIMMYT Silk_DT_day Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DTS acronym MCob_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PLSSev_E_1to5 CSmutSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT very long 5 CSSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ALBInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslTyp_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BCLSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT CSCMSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT medium infection 5 RABA_M_ngg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EHvst_Ct_earPlot GWLostWeev_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT colorless 1 SD CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Silk_Date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AleuCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT EW_DW_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PUnif_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Ant_Date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AD entity Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EndoLys_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_FW_kgha 3 Lowest rank moderate level of blasting 3 CIMMYT TslGlBAnCol_E_1to2 2 semi-hard and semi-transparent grains 9 81-90% dead leave area 2 bronze CIMMYT GUpSSh_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DiatraeaDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 51-60% dead leave area 6 SdSizUse_compRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PH_M_cm 5 dent pointed 5 BSDMInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GWid_M_mm severly infested 5 ALBInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FungDis_E_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PericCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla white cap 6 CIMMYT ELChl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla medium 5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RootCapac_M_uF Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslBN_Ct_branch 3 red 3 red Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSInc_Cmp_pct 3 conical GAsh_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 dense Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSev_E_1to5 7 61-70% dead leave area Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla OA_M_Mpa CIMMYT PERSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 200KW CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_DW_g200grn GTex_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Lowest rank 3 GLSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Opaque 2/QPM 9 2 cream light green 1 StenSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Significantly (70%) damaged 4 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSSSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GStarch_M_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT TRustSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla YLChl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AphDmg_E_1to5 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RProl_M_ugg indented 2 21-30% dead leaf area 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GTrp_NIRS_pct SdlngDisInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 5 other CSmutInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT TSCSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLSBSev_E_pct DTM Mat_DT_day Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT moderate to high level of blasting 4 4 poor weak 4 3 cylindrical white cap 8 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Chl_M_CCI 2 medium CSCMSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_FW_gPlot 2 grayyish white Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EN_Cmp_earplnt Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ChiloDmg_E_1to5 SLodgInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GmRt_CompRank_Bl3 low infection 3 SdlngDisInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 white Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PytSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StdGerm_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EWormDmg_M_cm 4 31-40% dead leaf area Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSucrose_M_umolg Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MLNSev_E_1to5 AspERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 reddish spiral 4 5 soft and opaque grains 3 straight round 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AntAnCol_E_1to5 1 absent 2 sun red CTMInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT medium to strong 6 no infestation 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Shell_Cmp_pct weak to medium 4 3 primary-secondary-tertiary NDVI_M_idx Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ShellCobW_FW_kgPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla purple 3 GLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT attribute Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SRInc_Cmp_pct strong to very strong 8 GTW_M_lbbsh GxE Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 8 71-80% dead leave area 2 green Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StemCol_E_1to5 4 open CIMMYT MRDVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GProline_M_mgg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla desirable 3 2 yellow CIMMYT HSmutInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMVSev_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BHskCovInc_Ct_plntPlot vigorous 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslDen_E_1to3 GY_Adj_tha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT white 1 unrolled 1 1 colorless 3 dent 1 regular CIMMYT CLSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 6 flint rounded 4 2 intermediate 7 high infection not severely rolled leaves 4 severe infection 9 very compact 1 9 very strong 5 brown 5 brown 1-10% dead leaf area 1 5 orange red 9 4 strong excellent germination (90-100%) 1 shrunken 1 medium 3 4 low to medium infection 2 slightly (20%) damaged BmaySev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT no infection 1 cylindrical-conical 2 4 variegated 8 sweet 2 light purple 2 11-20% dead leaf area Dry weight basis GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. BLSBSev - Estimation Observe banded leaf and sheath blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). RABA Abscisic acid content in the root. Root Root abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content cm/day % Observe the ears damage caused by ear rot and/or insects per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. EDmg - Estimation Head smut severity Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) severity. Plant HSmutSev Head smut severity Maize streak virus incidence Maize streak virus incidence Plant MSVInc Maize streak virus incidence (MSV) incidence. Observation of blasting severity of the tassel (necrosis due to heat stress) at the time of flowering. It occurs under extreme temperatures and drought. blasting severity TslBlastSev Tassel Tassel blasting severity Observe fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FmonERSev - Estimation Grain number. Grain GN number Grain number Measured with a portable porometer. Take the measures in the middle between leaf tip and leaf base, and in between leaf midrib and leaf rim. Blade sections measured must to be exposed to sunlight for at least the 30 minutes before. Measurements always performed in the same side of the leaf (usually the lower or abaxial one). One measurement per leaf, and at least 3 per plot. 1 min per measurement. SCond - Measurement LCol - Estimation Standard method for leaf color. growth rate SilkGrwR Silk Silk growth rate Growth rate of silk. Record the date when excised kernels are longitudinally cut to expose a black internal abscission layer at the base of the kernel that signals the kernel has ceased to absorb nutrients or moisture from the mother plants. Maturity date - Estimation Standard method for ear growth rate. EGrwR - Computation Ear rot incidence. Ear Ear rot incidence ERInc Ear rot incidence Rank: 3 index mmol /m2/s Observe aspergillus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). AspERSev - Estimation Divide the total number of plants that are root lodged due to weak soil or poorly developed anchorage roots by the total number of plants that are harvested. RLodgInc - Computation 1-4 Ear shape scale Pest tolerance The hosts ability to reduce the effect of damages on its fitness regardless of the level of pest pathogen multiplication ( Plant Pest tolerance Ranking:3 Text Standard method for sucrose content. Sucrose - Measurement Observe maize busy stunt severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CSCMSev - Estimation GYRank - Computation It is calculated as the numerical position of the progeny when yields are arrenged from highest to lowest. GThk Grain Grain thickness Thickness of the grain. thickness Count the number of plants that are affected by maize dwarf mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMVInc - Counting PDMInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by philippine downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Chilo damage Plant Chilo damage ChiloDmg Chilo (Chilo partellus) damage. FW GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. Plant Sorghum downy mildew incidence Sorghum downy mildew incidence DMSInc Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) incidence. Divide the total numbers of plants with lodged stems by number of plants harvested. SLodgInc - Computation Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SCMVInc - Counting SilkAnCol - Estimation Standard method for silk Anthocyanin coloration. 1-5 Anthocyanin coloration scale Whole-grain zinc content. Zinc content Grain zinc content GZinc Grain g/plant/day plant/plot WeevN - Counting Standard method for maize weevil number in a sample. Weevils were counted only once (at the end of a 45-d incubation period) 1-4 Grain row arrangement scale Tassel Tassel density Density of spikelets. density TslDen Stewart wilt (Erwinia stewartii) incidence. Plant Stewarts wilt incidence SteWiltInc Stewarts wilt incidence Days to anthesis - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and score the number of days from sowing. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and anthesis date. PHvst Plant havested number Plants harvested Number of plants harvested per unit area. AflavERSev Ear Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity. Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity 1-5 damage scoring scale PAsp - Estimation Score the plants per plot combining several agronomical and morphological characters of plants such plant height, ear height, stem/root loading. Note: Combination of traits usually differ from one breeder to another depending on type of study. Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence Plant Mal de rio cuarto virus (MRCV) incidence. MRCVInc Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence weevil CT canopy temperature Canopy temperature Plant Canopy temperature. Leaf Leaf chlorophyll content. Chl Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Number Number of cobs Cob Cob number PpolySev - Estimation Observe polysora rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Anthocyanin coloration Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration of tassel glumes excluding the bases of the glumes. Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration TslGlCol Late wilt incidence LateWiltInc Plant Late wilt incidence Late wilt (Cephalosporium maydis) incidence. Glucose content in the root. Glucose content RGlucose Root Root glucose content Average of 10 consecutive grains from one row in the middle of the uppermost ear, measured with calliper. GLng - Measurement Shell Shelling ratio The ratio of grain to total ear weight. Ear shelling ratio Ear Count the number of plants that are affected by maize stripe virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MSTVInc - Counting Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity Leaf Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (Phaeosphaeria maydis) severity. Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity PLSSev EH Plant Ear height height to insertion of uppermost ear Plant height from base to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear. ERInc - Computation Divide the total number of ears that are rotten by the total number of plants that are harvested. Standard method for endosperm tryptophan content. EndoTrp - Measurement Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. GW DW - Measurement branching type TslTyp Tassel branching type Branching type of tassel. Tassel GWid - Measurement Measure on the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. CSmutInc - Computation Divide the total number of CSN damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Standard method for whole-grain zinc content. GZinc - Measurement CharRInc - Computation Divide the total number of CharRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Ear shelling ratio CSCInc - Computation Divide the total number of CSC damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Color of the endosperm. EndoCol color Endosperm Endosperm color 1-3 Plant uniformity scale NIRS GTrp- Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain tryptophan content. width Ear width Ear EWid Ear width. Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) incidence. Head smut incidence Head smut incidence Plant HSmutInc WI Plant A ratio between the reflectance at a water band wavelength to a nearby reference wavelength where there is no absorption due to water content variability. water index Water index ng/µg Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Comparative ranking by users method Observe downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMSev - Estimation EH - Measurement Recommended to take 6 alternating plants per plot and measure the height between the base of a plant to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear of the same plant, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. g/200grain ALBInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by anthracnose leaf blight per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. 1-5 Tassel opening scale length Ear Ear length. Ear length ELng NIRS method for whole-grain ash content NIRS GAsh - Measurement Count the total number of plants that are affected by corn stunt complex per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CSCInc - Counting NIRS LAsh - Measurement NIRS method for leaves ash content Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and maturity. Growing degree days to maturity - Computation FungDis Fungal disease presence Plant The trait is scored for the response to the diseases caused by several fungi. Fungal disease presence HSmutInc - Computation Divide the total number of HSmut damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Plant Silking time. Silking time Silk silking time SteWiltInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by stewart wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Maize stripe virus incidence Maize stripe virus incidence Plant Maize stripe virus (MSTV) incidence. MSTVInc 1-9 Grain color scale Aleurone Aleurone color AleuCol Color of the aleurone. color MRDVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MRDV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Standard method for earworm damage measured in cm of feeding. 0 - no ear damage, 1 - 1 cm, + 1 for each additional cm of feeding EWormDmg - Measurement HskCov Ear Ear husk cover Ear husk cover observed as degree of the husk covering the tip of the ear. husk cover Uppermost ear shape Shape of uppermost ear whether cylindrical or cylindrical-conical or conical or round. Uppermost ear shape UpESh MSVSev Plant Maize streak virus severity Maize streak virus severity Maize streak virus severity (MSV) severity. Charcoal rot incidence Charcoal rot or (Macrophomina phaseolina) incidence. Plant CharRInc Charcoal rot incidence Tassel size Tassel size. TslSiz Tassel size Observe curvularia leaf spot severity on plants per plot based on the degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CLSSev - Estimation BusseolaInc Busseola larvae incidence. Busseola damage incidence Plant Busseola incidence Plant Comparison with local Performance of a maize variety with the local variety Comparison with local Plant Number of plants per unit area. PStand stand Plant stand LWid - Measurement Take same leaf measured for leaf length and measure mid-way along its length. Count total number of plants per plot. PStand - Counting Stem color StemCol Color of the stem. Stem color Grain Type of grain. Grain type GTyp type FgramSRInc - Counting Count the plants that are affected by fusarium graminearum stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Leaf Leaf sucrose content Sucrose content LSucrose Sucrose content in the leaf Standard method for endosperm protein content. EndoProt - Measurement SmaySev - Estimation Observe stenocarpella ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Corn stunt complex (corn stunt spiroplasma, maize bushy stunt phytoplasma [= mycoplasma], maize rayado fino virus) incidence. Corn stunt incidence CSCInc Plant Corn stunt incidence Shelled cob ShellCobW weight or yield Weight of shelled cob. Shelled cob weight 1-3 Ear shape scale Leaf Banded leaf and sheath blight severity BLSBSev Banded leaf and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii) severity. Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Glucose - Measurement Standard method for glucose content. 1-3 Tassel density scale LLng - Measurement Measure the leaf which subtends the uppermost ear from ligule to apex. Sugarcane downy mildew incidence Sugarcane downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sacchari) incidence. Sugarcane downy mildew incidence PsacchInc Plant Plant Abiotic stress tolerance Abiotic stress tolerance The hosts ability to reduce the effect of stress on its fitness regardless of the level of abiotic stress (flood, drought, …) applied Observe the pericarp color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. PericCol - Estimation Observe fusarium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FusERSev - Estimation 1-5 Tassel blasting severity scale Number of days required from seeding to grain ripening. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and maturity date. Days to maturity - Computation Stenocarpella ear rot severity Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) ear rot severity. Ear SmaySev Stenocarpella ear rot severity NIRS GOil - Measurement NIRS method for oil content PLSSev - Estimation Observe phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Overall performance Overall performance Plants ability to thrive, adapt, and produce desired outcomes in a given environment or context. Plant GRArr Ear grain rows arrangement. grain row arrangement Ear Grain row arrangement Observe the plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MSVSev - Estimation Tar spot complex (Phyllachora maydis, Monographella maydis) severity. TSCSev Tar spot complex severity Tar spot complex severity Leaf Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. GW FW - Measurement Silk length. length SilkLng Silk length Silk Crazy top downy mildew incidence Crazy top (Sclerophthora macrospora) incidence. Plant CTMInc Crazy top downy mildew incidence Standard method for plant vigor PVig - Estimation 1-5 disease scoring scale Downy mildew severity Downy mildew severity DMSev Downy mildews (several species of the genera Peronosclerospora, Sclerospora, and Sclerophthora) severity. Leaf AflavERSev - Estimation Observe aspergillus flavus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). TslAnCol - Estimation Standard method for tassel Anthocyanin coloration. 1-3 Tassel branching type scale Count the seedling that are affected by seedling diseases per plot. SdlngDisInc - Counting 1-9 disease scoring scale Grain Grain marketability refers to the commercial viability or attractiveness of a particular type of grain for sale in the agricultural market. Grain marketability marketability GCol - Estimation Count total number of grain rows in the ear. Plant CSSSev Corn Spiroplasma stunt severity Corn stunt spiroplasma severity. Corn stunt spiroplasma severity Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Comparative ranking by farmers method Use formula to calculate ear sheeling ratio. Shell - Computation row/ear Leaf Abscisic acid content LABA Leaf abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content in the leaf. CTMInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by CTM per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Standard method for abscisic acid content. ABA - Measurement g/1000grain Large grain borer damage Large grain borer damage Large grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) damage. LGBDmg Grain Optimum number of measurements: i) Vegetative stage: Weekly measurements from 2 to 6 weeks after planting; ii) Flowering: only for inbred lines. NDVI - Measurement GGlucose Glucose content Grain Grain glucose content Glucose content in the grain. Bacterial leaf stripe severity BCLSSev Bacterial leaf stripe severity Leaf Bacterial leaf stripe (Pseudomonas rubrilinians) severity. EndoTrp Tryptophan content Endosperm Tryptophan content Endosperm Tryptophan content in grain endosperm. Plant height to insertion of first tassel branch height to insertion of first tassel branch Plant height from the base to the insertion of the first tassel branch. Plant PHTslB Cob sucrose content Sucrose content CSucrose Cob Sucrose content in the cob Plant Observation of lodging severity. Lodging incidence LodgInc lodging incidence EAsp aspect Observation of harvested ears based on some morphological and agronomical characters such as ear size, total numbers of ear harvested per plot, ear damaged caused by insects or/and diseases. Ear Ear aspect ASI Anthesis silking interval. Plant anthesis silking interval Anthesis silking interval TslBlastSev - Estimation Standard method for tassel blasting. Sen - Estimation Observe dead leaf area per plant/plot and rate. Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity Ear Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity. Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity FmonERSev Qualitative observation of plant ideotype. In another word, it rates characteristics such as plant and ear height, uniformity of plants, disease and insect damage, and lodging. Plant aspect PAsp Plant aspect Record date when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Ear leaf senescence date - Computation Penicillium ear rot severity. PERSev Penicillium ear rot severity Penicillium ear rot severity Ear Endosperm Lysine content in grain endosperm. Endosperm Lysine content Lysine content EndoLys 1-5 Leaf color scale Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) incidence. Plant Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence DMVInc MLNSev - Estimation Observe maize lethal necrosis severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Chlorophyll content Ear leaf Chlorophyll content in the ear leaf. Ear leaf chlorophyll content ELChl Observe penicillium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). PERSev - Estimation Aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis) damage. Aphid damage Aphid damage AphDmg Plant Leaf rolling severity rolling severity Leaf Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. LRollSev Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) incidence. Maize rayado fino virus incidence MRFVInc Plant Maize rayado fino virus incidence Observe the ears hask cover and rate it. HskCov - Estimation AspERSev Aspergillus ear rot severity. Aspergillus ear rot severity Ear Aspergillus ear rot severity Leaf proline content Proline content in the leaf. Leaf LProline Proline content Record shelled cob field weight. ShellCobW - Measurement (duplicate) Divide the total number of ALB damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. ALBInc - Computation Standard method for young leaf chlorophyll content. YLChl - Measurement Diatraea damage Diatraea damage Plant damage caused by Diatraea species. DiatraeaDmg Plant MRFVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize bushy stunt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. LRollSev - Estimation Observe the plants per plot with the leaves rolled. ¡C SilkLng - Measurement Standard method for silk length. Color of the cob glumes. CobGlCol color Cob glumes color Cob glumes Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection. CSSSev - Estimation Compute grain weigh adjuted to 12.5% moisture. GW Adjusted - Computation StBorDmg Plant Stem borer damage includes different stem borers such as Chilo partellus, Sesamia spp. and Spodoptera. Stem borer damage Stem borer damage ear/plot hardness Endosperm hardness Endosperm Endosperm hardness. EndoHard EWormInc Earworm incidence Ear Ear worm (Heliothis) incidence. Earworm incidence Ear Weight of mature upper ear, including cob and kernels, and at a defined moisture content, although often this is not provided. Ear weight EW weight Grain GSucrose Sucrose content in the grain Sucrose content Grain sucrose content Standard method for tassel opening TslOpen - Estimation Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and 50% anthesis. Growing degree days to anthesis - Computation Root Sucrose content in the root. Root sucrose content RSucrose Sucrose content GStarch Starch content Whole-grain starch content. Grain starch content Grain Harvest a mature upper ear and measure its weight EarW Individual - Measurement PHFL - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height between the base of a plant to the ligule of the flag leaf, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. SilkCol Anthocyanin coloration Silk Anthocyanin coloration Silk Anthocyanin coloration of stigmas. Standard method for proline content. Proline - Measurement Standard method for tassel anthers Anthocyanin coloration. The observation should be made in the middle third of the main branch on fresh anthers. AntAnCol - Estimation Incidence of multiple cobs, as plants that have multiple ears arising from a single node. MCob Multiple cob incidence multiple cob incidence Plant WeevInc - Estimation Score maize weevil damage on the plants per plot. Ear damage EDmg Ear Ear damage Ear damage caused by ear rot and/or insects, etc. RustSev - Estimation Observe rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). GWLostWeev - Measurement Seed weight loss was determined using the count and weight method of Gwinner et al (1996). Weight loss (%) = (Wu x Nd) - (Wd x Nu) x 100 / Wu x (Nd + Nu) where Wu=weight of the undamaged seed, Nu = number of undamaged seed, Wd = Weight of damaged seed, and Nd=Number of damaged seed. Stomatal conductance Leaf Stomatal conductance Leaf stomatal conductance SCond EndoLys - Measurement Standard method for endosperm lysin content. Tropical rust severity Tropical rust (Physopella zeae) severity. TRustSev Leaf Tropical rust severity GMoi moisture content Grain Grain moisture Grain moisture. ELChl - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf chlorophyll content. Bacterial stalk rot (Erwinia chrysanthemi) incidence. Plant Bacterial stalk rot incidence BactSRInc Bacterial stalk rot incidence day Observe brown spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BwSpotSev - Estimation Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Nitrogen content GNC Grain Nitrogen content Grain GLSSev - Estimation Observe GLS severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). color GCol Color of the grain. Grain Grain color 1-3 Cob color scale Seedling disease incidence Plant SdlngDisInc Seedling disease incidence Seedling disease incidence. Divide the total number of Chupon plants by the total number of plants harvested. MCob - Computation SLodgInc Stem lodging incidence stem lodging incidence Plant Stem lodging incidence. The plants that show stem lodging, i.e. those stems that are broken below the ear. lb/bsh Observe maydis leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BmaySev - Estimation photochemical radiation index Photochemical radiation index. A canopy reflectance index indicating photosynthetic radiation use efficiency. Plant PRI Photochemical radiation index Leaf Ash content in maize leaves. LAsh Leaf ash content Ash content Standard method for grain number. GN - Computation FungDis - Estimation Observe the plants that are damaged by any fungal diseases. Leaf length. Leaf length length LLng Leaf kg/plot MSVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Count the number of plants that are affected by stenocarpella stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. StenSRInc - Counting DMSSev - Estimation Observe sorghum downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Maize bushy stunt (caused by mycoplasma like organism, MLO) severity. CSCMSev Maize bushy stunt severity Plant Maize bushy stunt severity Grain weight GW Grain Grain weight of mature kernels. weight Rust severity RustSev Leaf Rust severity Multiple rust pathogens severity. color LCol Color of the leaf. Leaf color Leaf Young leaf Chlorophyll content YLChl Chlorophyll content in the young leaf. Young leaf chlorophyll content PsacchInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. 1-3 density scale Taste of the grain (after cooking? Raw?) taste Grain Grain taste 1-5 Pericarp color scale FusSRInc Fusarium stalk rot incidence Fusarium stalk rot incidence. Plant Fusarium stalk rot incidence Plant vigor PVig Plant vigor. vigor Plant NIRS method for whole-grain protein content. NIRS GProt- Measurement GUpSSh - Estimation Observe the shape of the upper surface of grain, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession, after harvest. Plant Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence. Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence FmonSRInc Meaure ear width. EWid - Measurement CharRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by charcoal rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Ear shape Ear EShape shape Ear shape ng/g Standard method for leaves ash content LAsh- Measurement Divide the total number of FmonSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. FmonSRInc - Computation PH height Plant Plant height from the base to the top part (in reproductive stages to the top of the tassel). Plant height Grain yield per unit area, either field weight basis, dry weight basis or adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. GY Grain Grain yield yield UpESh - Estimation Observe shape of uppermost ear. BCLSSev - Estimation Observe bacterial leaf stripe severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on ears per plot based on degree of infection. FgramERSev - Estimation 1-2 absent-present scale Observe tarspot complex severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). TSCSev - Estimation Anthocyanin coloration at base of tassel glumes. Anthocyanin coloration TslGlBCol Tassel glumes base Tassel glumes base Anthocyanin coloration Normalized difference vegetation index Canopy normalized difference vegetation index. NDVI normalized difference vegetation index Plant SRInc - Computation Divide the total number of SRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Senescence senescence Sen Leaf senescence. Leaf ELW - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf weight. Plant Striga damage StrigaDmg Damage of Striga hermonthica plants on maize plants. Striga damage Proline content GProline Grain Grain proline content Proline content in the grain. Anther Anthocyanin coloration AntCol Anthocyanin coloration of anthers. Anther Anthocyanin coloration EAsp - Estimation Harvest ears per plot (eliminate first and last plants to avoid border effects) and score ear aspect combining several ear-associated traits. Note: Combination of traits usually differs from one breeder to another depending on type of study. GABA Grain abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content in the grain. Abscisic acid content Grain Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Count the number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and ear leaf senescence date. Days to ear leaf senescence date - Computation Plant Plant height to ligule of the flag leaf height to ligule of the flag leaf Plant height from the base to the ligule of the flag leaf. PHFL Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence. FgramSRInc Plant Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence Tassel Tassel opening TslOpen opening Tassel angle. Determine quality of endosperm such as hardness in the lab and use 1-5 to scale to score it. EndoHard - Estimation Divide the total number of ASTRI damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. AstriInc - Computation ug/g 1-3 Ear position scale Measure sample weight of grains per plot after harvest, record dry weight of the same samples and calculate grain moisture content for each sample using formula: 100*(Wt of sample - Dry Weight)/Wt of sample. GMoi - Computation Standard method for tassel type. TslTyp - Estimation RootCapac Root capacitance Estimation of root mass at the end of the stress using an electrical capacitance meter. Root capacitance Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity. FgramERSev Ear Count the number of plants that are affected by black bundle per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AstriInc - Counting cm Lysine content Whole-grain Lysine content. Grain GLys Grain Lysine content Standard method for root capitance. RootCapac - Measurement ppb StenSRInc Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) stalk rot incidence. Plant Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence Plant PUnif uniformity Plant uniformity Uniformity of plants. Standard method for osmotic potential. OP - Measurement Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) incidence on grain. Grain Maize weevil incidence WeevInc Maize weevil incidence g Maturity time. maturity time Maturity time Plant Root Proline content in the root. Root proline content Proline content RProl CTMInc - Computation Divide the total number of CTM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. EN - Computation Compute number of ears using the formula. MRDVInc Plant Maize rough dwarf virus incidence Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) incidence. Maize rough dwarf virus incidence Tassel exertion TslExer Tassel exertion Tassel exertion. root lodging incidence Root lodging incidence. The plants that show root lodging, i.e. those stems that are inclining by more than 45¡. Plant RLodgInc Root lodging incidence Grain Whole-grain ash content. Grain ash content Ash content GAsh Seedling Seedling vigor. vigor Seedling vigor SdlngVig GIron Whole-grain iron content. Grain Iron content Grain iron content Leaf CRustSev Severity of common rust ( Puccinia sorghi). Common rust severity Common rust severity Observe tropical severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). TRustSev - Estimation Standard method for cob tassel color. The anthocyanin coloration should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. CobGlCol - Estimation EWormInc - Computation Divide the total number of EWDMG damaged ears by the total number of plants harvested. Observe the maize plant damage caused by striga per plot. StrigaDmg - Estimation Common smut severity Ear Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae) severity. Common smut severity CSmutSev Java downy mildew incidence Java downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis) incidence. Java downy mildew incidence DMJInc Plant LWid Leaf Leaf width. Leaf width width Calculated as relative grain yield agaisnst the best check in percentage. Relative to check - Computation Philippine downy mildew incidence Philippine downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis) incidence. Philippine downy mildew incidence Plant PDMInc Pericarp color Color of the pericarp. Pericarp PericCol color method_of Standard method for leaf erectness LErect - Estimation CT - Measurement Standard method for canopy temperature. BmaySev Leaf Maydis leaf blight severity Maydis leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis = Helminthosporium maydis) severity. Maydis leaf blight severity SdlngDisInc - Computation Divide the total number of SeedlingDis affected plants by the total number of plants harvested. Plant FmonSRSev Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity. Divide the total number of StenSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. StenSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of DMJ damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMJInc - Computation EarW Dry weight - Measurement Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and record weight. If at all possible, delay harvest of maize until its moisture content is low (15-25%). GTyp - Estimation Score the grains based on grain characters such as floury, dent per plot. GOil - Measurement Standard method for oil content Divide the total number of PytSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. PytSRInc - Computation Standard method for grain test weight. GTW - Computation FW GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. Observe turcicum leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). EturcSev - Estimation Standard method for osmotic adjustment. OA - Measurement Count the total number of ears that damaged or/and rotten per plot. ERInc - Counting Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of cob glumes. Anthocyanin coloration CobGlCol Cob glumes Standard method for tassel exertion TslExer - Estimation Measure, when applicable, ear length of at least 20 representative plants per accession, record the data in the fieldbook. ELng - Measurement Plant tillering Number of tillers per plant. Tillering Tillering GRArr - Estimation Observe grain row arrangement in the harvested ears and rate 1-4 categorical scale. StemCol - Estimation Observe the stem color between the two topmost ears. g/plot Grain Grain test weight test weight GTW Grain test weight of mature kernels. grain row number Ear GRN Grain row number Number of grain rows in the central part of the uppermost ear. Observe color of grains. GCol - Estimation Ear Ears bad husk cover incidence. BHskCovInc Ear bad husk cover incidence bad husk cover incidence GAsh - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain ash content yyyymmdd Maize weevil number in Grain Maize weevil number The number of maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) hatching and emerging from an infested grain sample within a given period. Large values indicate susceptibility to grain weevils, small values indicate partial resistance to grain weevils. WeevN Grain Ear leaf Weight of ear leaf (blade). weight ELW Ear leaf weight Plant damage caused by Diabrotica species. DiabroticaDmg Diabrotica damage Diabrotica damage Plant MRFVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MRFV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Common smut incidence Plant CSmutInc Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae)incidence. Common smut incidence Plant osmotic potential OP Osmotic potential A measure of the potential of water to move between regions of differing concentrations across a water-permeable membrane. MRCVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MRCV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Whole-grain protein content. Grain protein content Grain GProt Protein content Divide the total number of LateWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. LateWiltInc - Computation Plant Anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola) incidence. Anthracnose leaf blight incidence Anthracnose leaf blight incidence ALBInc Date when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and record the date. Anthesis date - Estimation SRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DW GY - Measurement Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. Count the number of plants that are affected by late wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. LateWiltInc - Counting Pythium stalk rot (Pythium spp.) incidence. Pythium stalk rot incidence PytSRInc Pythium stalk rot incidence Plant NIRS Moi - Measurement Measure moisture of a grain sample using NIRS moisture analyzer. Silking date - Estimation Observe plants carefully and record date when 50% of plants within a plot area have silks visible (female flowering date). This is determined on a daily basis by counting the number of plants with at least one silk extruded divided by the total number of plants in the plot. Determine ear position using 1-3 scale. EPo - Estimation Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and record fresh (field) weight. FW GY - Measurement EPo - Computation Use ear height and plant height data of the same plants per plot and calculate the ratio. Small values indicate low ear position; large values indicate high ear position. Plant BSDMInc Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Brown stripe downy mildew (Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae) incidence. Standard method for sheath pubescence content. ShtPub - Estimation TslSiz - Estimation Score the tassels based on size using 1-3 categorical scale. tiller/plant Ear position position Ear EPo Ear position as a ratio of ear height to plant height. Sorghum downy mildew severity Plant Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) severity. DMSSev Sorghum downy mildew severity umol/g Divide the total number of BSDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. BSDMInc - Computation Aflatoxin content Aflatox Grain Aflatoxins content produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Grain Aflatoxin content Plant ELSen ear leaf senescence time Ear leaf senescence time. Ear leaf senescence time 1-5 WeevDmgInc scale PH - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the top of the tassel, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. GOil Whole-grain oil content. Grain oil content Oil content Grain 1-5 Aleurone color scale g/100grain Leaf Polysora rust severity PpolySev Polysora rust (in lowlands Puccinia polysora) severity. Polysora rust severity SLodgInc - Counting Count the number of plants with the stem lodged. The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. GTrp - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain tryptophan content. GNC - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain Nitrogen content Germination rate Germination rate is calculated by dividing the number of seeds that sprout by the total number of seeds started, and then multiplying that number by 100 to get a percentage. Germination Grain ELLng - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf length. Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) incidence. SCMVInc Plant EGrwR Growth rate of the ear(s) on a plant. It may include the sum of the apical and sub-apical ear growth from prolific plants. Ear Ear growth rate growth rate TslBN - Counting Standard method for tassel branches number. MLNSev Maize lethal necrosis severity Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) severity. Plant Maize lethal necrosis severity Grain Standard germination Standard germination Standard germination. StdGerm Observe the plant damage caused by chilo per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. ChiloDmg - Estimation Army worm damage Army worm damage Plant Army worm (syn. Spodoptera exempta) damage. AWormDmg 1-3 size scale EDia Ear diameter Ear diameter measured at the central part of uppermost ear. Ear diameter StrigaPN - Counting Count the total number of emerged striga plants per plot. It is counted three times, 8 weeks, 10 weeks and 12 weeks after planting. Count the number of ear damage caused by earworm per plot. EWormInc - Counting PHvst - Counting Count the total number of plants harvested per plot/entry. CSmutInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by the common smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. LodgInc - Estimation Scored for severity of lodging. PUnif - Estimation Standard method for plant uniformity Divide the total number of SCMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SCMVInc - Computation Anthesis time. Plant Anthesis time Ant anthesis time scale_of Standard method for glumes tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The measurement should exclude the bases of the glumes. TslGlAnCol - Estimation TslGlBAnCol - Estimation Standard method for glumes base tassel Anthocyanin coloration. Measure, when applicable, ear diameter at the central part of uppermost ears of at least 20 representative plants per accession. EDia - Measurement Observe common rust severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CRustSev - Estimation FusSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FusSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Divide the total number of SteWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SteWiltInc - Computation Observe head smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). HSmutSev - Estimation AleuCol - Estimation Observe the aleurone color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. 0-1 absent-present scale DMSInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sorghum downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PytSRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by pythium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. 1-9 Anthocyanin coloration scale SRInc Stalk rot incidence Plant Stalk rot incidence Stalk rot (multiple pathogens or an unidentified pathogen) incidence. EN - Counting Count the number of ears. Grain Seed size for target use/market size Size of seeds matching demand for a use or a market Black bundle incidence Black bundle (Acremonium strictum) incidence. AstriInc Black bundle incidence Plant Count the plants that are affected by fusarium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FusSRInc - Counting DiabroticaDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by Diabrotica per plot. Loss of weight of the grain samples caused by weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) feeding during a given period of incubation. GWLostWeev weight loss by maize weevil Grain Grain weight loss by maize weevil Plant Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) severity. Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence DMVSev Maize dwarf mosaic virus severity Count the total number of ears harvested per plot/entry, excluding secondary ears that are extremely small. EHvst - Counting mg/g 1-6 Endosperm color scale Brown spot severity Brown spot (Physoderma maydis) severity. BwSpotSev Leaf Brown spot severity BHskCovInc - Counting Count the total number of ears with bad husk cover. BactSRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by bacterial stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. TslBN number Tassel branch number Tassel branch Number of branches on tassel. Measured with a portable chlorophyll meter (e.g. SPAD). Take the average measure from leaves of six alternating plants and use always leaves of similar insertion level. Chl - Measurement BSDMInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by brown stripe downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Insertion angle of the leaves. erectness Leaf Leaf erectness LErect Divide the total number of DMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMVInc - Computation Tillering - Counting Count the number of tillers per plant (average of more than 20 representative) plants. 1-5 rating scale Ear leaf (blade) length. length ELLng Ear leaf Ear leaf length TslBW - Measurement Standard method for tassel branches dry weight. AphDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by aphids per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. grain/plant Earworm damage Ear Ear worm (Heliothis) damage. Earworm damage EWormDmg 0-10 Senescence scale ¡C day kg/ha Ear position ratio GUpSSh upper surface shape Grain upper surface shape Shape of the upper surface of grain. Grain branch Adjusted GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. GIron - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain iron content. CSmutSev - Estimation Observe common smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). ug/mg DTS - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants silk. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and silking date. mm Whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. Grain provitaminA content Grain ProvitaminA content GVitA LGBDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by large grain borer per plot length Grain length Grain length. GLng Grain GVitA - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. Observe fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FmonSRSev - Estimation Protein content in grain endosperm. EndoProt Endosperm Protein content Endosperm protein content StdGerm - Estimation Standard method for standard germination Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the insertion of the first tassel branch, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. PHTslB - Measurement Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products 1-5 Vigor scale BactSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of BactSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. BHskCovInc - Computation Divide the total number of ears with bad husk cover by the total number of ears harvested. Observe the endosperm color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. EndoCol - Estimation uF RGY - Computation Relative grain yield expressed as percentage of the mean grain yield of the trial. Values above 100% indicate above-average performance; values below 100% indicate below-average performance. Standard method for whole-grain starch content. GStarch - Measurement AWormDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by army worms per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. HSmutInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by head smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SilkGrwR - Computation Standard method for silk growth rate. BHskCovInc - Estimation Observation of ears with bad husk cover. EN Ear number. Ear number Ear number Standard method for whole-grain protein content. % Protein = % of nitrogen x 6.25 GProt - Computation GLys - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain lysin content. Standard method for photochemical radiation index. PRI - Measurement ShtPub Sheath Presence and intensity of hairs on the surface of the leaf sheath. Sheath pubescence pubescence Plant Plant damage caused by Busseola larvae. Busseola damage BusseolaDmg Busseola damage Plant Osmotic adjustment as ability of the plant to adjust the osmotic potential under stress conditions. osmotic adjustment OA Osmotic adjustment GTex Grain texture as a measure of the variation on the intensity of a surface, quantifying properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. Grain texture Grain texture StBorDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by stem borer per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. ear/plant DMVSev - Estimation Observe maize dwarf mosaic virus severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Striga plant number Striga Plant number StrigaPN Number of Striga hermonthica plants. Divide the total number of MSTV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MSTVInc - Computation width Grain width. Grain width Grain GWid Rank number lb/plot PsacchInc - Computation Divide the total number of Psacch damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Disease Tolerance Plant Disease tolerance The hosts ability to reduce the effect of infection on its fitness regardless of the level of disease pathogen multiplication ( ppm FmonSRInc - Counting Count the plants that are affected by fusarium moniliforme stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. GLSSev Leaf Gray leaf spot severity Gray leaf spot severity Gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) severity. TslBW Tassel branch weight Weight of tassel branches. weight Tassel branch EHvst Ear harvested number harvested number Ear Number of ears harvested. Fusarium ear rot severity. Ear Fusarium ear rot severity FusERSev Fusarium ear rot severity Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. DW GY - Computation MRDVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize rough dwarf virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. 1-11 Grain type scale Grain Grain Tryptophan content Tryptophan content GTrp Whole-grain Tryptophan content. DW GY - Measurement Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. Leaf CLSSev Curvularia leaf spot severity Curvularia leaf spot (Curvularia spp.) severity. Curvularia leaf spot severity 1-5 Standard germination scale Standard method for ear shape EShape - Estimation GThk - Measurement Measure the thickness of the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. 1-5 Leaf rolling severity scale DMJInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by DMJ per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Grain storability refers to the ability of grains to remain viable and maintain their quality over a period of time when stored under a given condition. Grain Grain storability storability t/ha 1-5 Grain texture scale Standard method for water index. WI - Measurement MRCVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by mal de rio cuarto virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. 1-5 Endosperm hardness scale Mpa Turcicum leaf blight severity Leaf EturcSev Turcicum leaf blight severity Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum = Helminthosporium turcicum) severity. 1-4 Leaf erectness scale CCI Anthocyanin coloration of tassel. Anthocyanin coloration TslCol Tassel Tassel Anthocyanin coloration RLodgInc - Counting Count the number of plants that show root lodging and record data in filedbook. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Standard method for aflatoxin content. Aflatox - Measurement 1-5 Tassel exertion scale 1-6 Grain upper surface shape scale Divide the total number of MSV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MSVInc - Computation EarW Field weight - Measurement Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried ears. DMSInc - Computation Divide the total number of DMS damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. ASI - Computation Count number of days from planting date to anthesis and silking to determine days to anthesis (DTA) and days to silking (DTS), respectively and determine anthesis silking interval (ASI) by calculating: ASI = DTS-DTA. CobGlAnCol - Estimation Standard method for cob tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The anthocyanin Anthocyanin colorationation should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. TslDen - Estimation Standard method for tassel density PDMInc - Computation Divide the total number of PDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. GTex - Estimation Observe the variation of the intensity of a kernel/grain surface and score grain texture based on properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. MCob - Counting Count the number of plants that have more than one ear growing from the same node. FgramSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FgramSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Observe the plant damage caused by Diatraea plot. DiatraeaDmg - Estimation variable_of pg/g 1-5 Stem color scale Count the number plants that are damaged by busseola (african stem borer) per plot. BusseolaInc - Counting