2 compact PHTslB_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutSev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT LWid_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT GY_FW_tha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla sun red 2 CIMMYT CSmutSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AspERSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonSRSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT GProt_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Chl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PUnif_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BCLSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 8 71-80% dead leave area 1 highly resistant, clean no (%) infection GY_FW_kgha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla weak to medium 4 DMVSev_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTyp_E_1to11 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MCob_Ct_plntPlot SCond_M_mmolm2s Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_FW_g200grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT very compact 1 3 weak Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Sen_E_0to10 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StenSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT PH_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BSDMInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PHvst_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PpolySev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSTVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 5 orange Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GABA_M_pgg CIMMYT CIMMYT DMSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MD Mat_Date_ymd CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTrp_M_pct susceptible, disease symptoms covering upto 70% 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CTMInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LodgInc_E_1to5 ELng_M_mm Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GxE StemCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CobNb_CompRank_Bl3 Silk_Date_ymd SD CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla OA_M_Mpa CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GRN_Ct_rowear Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT GTex_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RootCapac_M_uF CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ShtPub_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AD Ant_Date_ymd 3 cylindrical Sen_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT SRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT YLChl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLSSev_E_1to9 DMSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Shell_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PericCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CharRInc_Cmp_pct 2 Middle rank CT_M_C CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RustSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PLSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LRollSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GVitA_M_µgg CIMMYT CIMMYT LAsh_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 intermediate CIMMYT EWormDmg_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PLSSev_E_1to5 ERInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELSenD ELSen_Date_ymd CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_Adj_g100grn CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LAsh_NIRS_pct CIMMYT PVig_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CLSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT ELChl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HSmutInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT OvPerf_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_kgPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoProt_M_pct Semi-flint, flint with a soft cap 5 DMSInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT GLSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla very weak to weak 2 poor germination (11-29%) 4 2 indented CIMMYT CRustSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla large 1 CIMMYT RustSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SLodgInc_Cmp_pct TslGlAnCol_E_1to2 CIMMYT MRDVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SmaySev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LSucrose_M_mgg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BHskCovInc_E_pct PAsp_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonSRSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslBN_Ct_branch GLys_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT GY_DW_kgha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla medium to high infection 6 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TRustSev_E_1to5 purple 3 2 secondary GAsh_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRCVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT variegated 4 3 semi horizontal 1 very short CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EH_M_cm CIMMYT FgramERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla strong to very strong 8 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla WeevN_Ct_weevil CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TRustSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GN_Cmp_grnplnt Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT PsacchInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT DTS Silk_DT_day Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EGrwR_Cmp_gplntday CIMMYT PstTol_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DiabroticaDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SilkAnCol_E_1to5 GTrp_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AflavERSev_E_1to9 CSCMSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BLSBSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SdlngDisInc_Ct_plntPlot PStand_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 vigorous GxE EWid_M_mm Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELng_M_cm CIMMYT present 2 no infection 1 CIMMYT TRustSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LErect_E_1to4 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FusERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELLng_M_cm CIMMYT 61-70% dead leave area 7 GmRt_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BmaySev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SdlngDisInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ALBInc_Cmp_pct drooping 4 PDMInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslSiz_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla semi-floury (morocho), with an external layer of hard endoseprm. 2 CIMMYT BwSpotSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT GY_FW_lbPlot Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GxE Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MLNSev_E_pct 4 purple GY_DW_gPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla conical 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ASI_Cmp_day CIMMYT AntAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT semi-hard and semi-transparent grains 2 CIMMYT NDVI_M_idx Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SteWiltInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT CSSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AspERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GGlucose_M_pct OP_M_Mpa CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 4 spiral Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PytSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_gPlot CIMMYT TslExer_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DTELSen CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELSen_DT_day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MLNSev_E_1to5 very long 5 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusERSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_FW_kgPlot 2 semi erect Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MRFVInc_Cmp_pct TSCSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla very weak 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonSRInc_Ct_plntPlot Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonERSev_E_pct very high infection 8 PHFL_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SCMVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EWormInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT AntAnCol_E_1to2 Mat_DT_day Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DTM CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RGlucose_M_ngug Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonSRInc_Cmp_pct brown 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StdGerm_E_1to5 soft and opaque grains 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BHskCovInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CharRInc_Ct_plntPlot CSCInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EWormInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gcol_CompRank_Bl3 TslBlastSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 200KW CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_DW_g200grn MSVSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AspERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 excellent germination (90-100%) Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BSDMInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EN_Cmp_earplnt 1 absent or very weak Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StrigaPN_Ct_plntPlot AstriInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslBW_DW_g Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMJInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PLSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramERSev_E_pct SRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT BusseolaInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CompLoc_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Aflatox_M_ppb CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT GLng_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 medium slightly (20%) infested 2 RLodgInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BusseolaDmg_E_1to5 HSmutSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GOil_NIRS_pct slightly (20%) damaged 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GZinc_M_ppm Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BmaySev_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRFVInc_Ct_plntPlot dark purple 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EW_FW_kgPlot CIMMYT CTMInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Opaque 2/QPM 9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AphDmg_E_1to5 normal 2 1-10% dead leaf area 1 CSSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 7 mottled CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PRI_M_idx FungDis_E_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLSBSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 medium Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Mat_Cmp_Cday MaturityGDU CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PERSev_E_pct 0 absent 5 other 3 red CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SCMVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HskCov_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRDVInc_Ct_plntPlot GSucrose_M_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GProline_M_mgg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to9 CSmutInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MCob_Cmp_pct ALBInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ear around mid-plant 2 GAsh_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla strongly pointed 6 CIMMYT EndoLys_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSucrose_M_umolg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SdSizUse_compRank_Bl3 1 Highest rank FusERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_Adj_g1000grn CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EturcSev_E_pct CIMMYT FmonERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GIron_M_ppm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PERSev_E_1to5 HSmutSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BHskCovInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla weak 4 Lowest rank 3 EndoCol_E_1to6 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla very vigorous 1 1 100% CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ShellCobW_FW_gPlot CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CRustSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GUpSSh_E_1to6 CIMMYT 1 unrolled Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RProl_M_ugg 3 Lowest rank Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_Rank_number semi-soft and semi-opaque grains 4 RustSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AstriInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSucrose_M_umolg CIMMYT CIMMYT GMoi_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla white 1 StrigaDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DiatraeaDmg_E_1to5 2 Middle rank 4 brown CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LateWiltInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StenSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT SmaySev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_FW_g1000grn GTW_M_lbbsh Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GxE MatT_CompRank_BL3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_FW_g100grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSTVInc_Cmp_pct AntAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ERInc_Ct_earPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla floury 1 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LSucrose_M_umolg EPo_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GrTast_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT TslDen_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_Adj_tha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 grayyish white CRustSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LProline_M_ugg RSucrose_M_ngug Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVInc_Cmp_pct GY_RGY_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 conical-cylindrical Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TGW 1000KW TKW GW_DW_g1000grn cylindrical 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GWLostWeev_Cmp_pct EndoTrp_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GNC_M_pct 2 cream Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EN_Ct_earPlot GGlucose_M_ugmg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EAsp_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GProt_NIRS_pct CIMMYT 3 low infection SilkLng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLSBSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CLSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLng_CompRank_Bl3 GRArr_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 5 very strong 2 resistant, disease symptoms covering up to 20% Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RABA_M_ngg CIMMYT FmonSRSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslGlBAnCol_E_1to2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT 1 regular CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslTyp_E_1to3 GWid_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot white 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EDia_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LLng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AleuCol_E_1to5 bronze 2 CIMMYT ShellCobW_FW_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla conical 1 yellow 4 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LCol_E_1to5 1 flint CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BwSpotSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PDMInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT CobGlCol_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EPo_Cmp_ratio no blasting 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMVInc_Cmp_pct 6 51-60% dead leave area Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutSev_E_pct CIMMYT colorless 1 CIMMYT UpESh_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla mixed 3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslGlBAnCol_E_1to5 GrMark_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PsacchInc_Ct_plntPlot 4 not severely rolled leaves cylindrical-conical 2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StBorDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LateWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot white 1 GY_CompRank_Bl3 intermediate 3 1 absent 4 31-40% dead leaf area GY_DW_tha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT medium to strong 6 CIMMYT WI_M_idx Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla low to medium infection 4 excellent 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EHvst_Ct_earPlot 7 strong CobGlAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BwSpotSev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSCInc_Ct_plntPlot pointed 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELW_M_g semi-dent 4 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRCVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT EturcSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSCMSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla irregular 2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AnthesisGDU Ant_Cmp_Cday Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GABA_M_ugg CIMMYT SilkGrwR_Cmp_cmday Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TSCSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_Adj_g200grn CIMMYT DsTol_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EW_DW_kgPlot lax 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Tillering_Ct_tllrplnt Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AflavERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ChiloDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_RelChk_pct CIMMYT PytSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT LABA_M_ngg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EShape_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SteWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT round 4 poor 4 CIMMYT CSSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 erect TslOpen_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla very high level of blasting 5 3 normal Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MLNSev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FusSRInc_Ct_plntPlot 2 good germination (70-89%) CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FungDis_E_0to1 medium 5 AflavERSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoHard_E_1to5 AWornDmg_CompRank_Bl3 BactSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla light green 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_DW_g100grn 100KW GrStor_CompRank_Bl3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PpolySev_E_1to9 CIMMYT dense 3 2 turgid leaves medium 3 CIMMYT CSCMSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GOil_M_pct 3 intermediate grain hardness CIMMYT TslGlBAnCol_E_1to9 5 other TSCSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SmaySev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 Highest rank BactSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT EW_M_gear Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla attribute EturcSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BCLSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT very low infection 2 AWormDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HSmutSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 purple Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GStarch_M_pct CIMMYT AbStr_CompRank_Bl3 DMVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla sparse 1 GY_Adj_kgha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BCLSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 brown LGBDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT moderately susceptible, disease symptoms covering up to 50% 3 yellow 2 MSVSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EW_FW_gPlot CIMMYT 3 21-30% dead leaf area orange 6 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Shell_Cmp_ratio Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GMoi_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Semi-dent, intermediate between dent and flint but closer to dent 4 9 very strong good 2 5 medium infection hard and transparent grains 1 intermediate 3 3 dark green GThk_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla pop 7 1 green CIMMYT PpolySev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla severely rolled leaves, undesirable 5 colorless 1 1 primary 3 red level 3 SdlngVig_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 8 white cap 3 semi open 95% 2 CIMMYT DMJInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla severly infested 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla WeevInc_E_1to5 reddish 4 9 81-90% dead leave area 5 postrate very poor 5 1 no infestation 1 absent shrunken 1 2 green 5 highly susceptible, disease symptoms covering >80% 4 strong 41-50% dead leave area 5 4 Significantly (70%) damaged 0 no dead leaf area 11-20% dead leaf area 2 3 intermediate germination (30-69%) 1 present Ant_DT_day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DTA 7 high infection 8 sweet MAIZE ontology Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BmaySev_E_1to9 moderately (50% ) damaged 3 4 moderate to high level of blasting weak 2 low ear position 1 open 4 primary-secondary-tertiary 3 severe infection 9 highly (>80%) damaged 5 2 light purple 3 moderately (50% ) infested desirable 3 2 semi-flint 3 dent entity low to moderate level of blasting 2 pale yellow 3 small 3 white cap 6 short 2 5 very poor germination (0-10%) dent 5 flint 6 red 3 clean, no damage 1 4 rounded high ear position 3 acronym dense 3 long 4 3 straight red 9 3 moderate level of blasting 4 purple Significantly (70%) infested 4 plant/plot 1-5 Tassel blasting severity scale DW GY - Measurement Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. % kg/plot 1-5 disease scoring scale Grain GIron Whole-grain iron content. Grain iron content Iron content BactSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of BactSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Ear leaf weight weight Ear leaf Weight of ear leaf (blade). ELW SdlngVig Seedling Seedling vigor. Seedling vigor vigor Count the number of plants that are affected by black bundle per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AstriInc - Counting Count the number plants that are damaged by busseola (african stem borer) per plot. BusseolaInc - Counting Glucose - Measurement Standard method for glucose content. Java downy mildew incidence Java downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis) incidence. Java downy mildew incidence Plant DMJInc Count the number of tillers per plant (average of more than 20 representative) plants. Tillering - Counting Chl Leaf Leaf chlorophyll content. Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content ABA - Measurement Standard method for abscisic acid content. weevil Whole-grain protein content. Grain Protein content Grain protein content GProt Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. FW GY - Computation TslExer - Estimation Standard method for tassel exertion Head smut incidence Plant HSmutInc Head smut incidence Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) incidence. color Color of the endosperm. Endosperm color EndoCol Endosperm Head smut severity HSmutSev Plant Head smut severity Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) severity. Tassel density Tassel Density of spikelets. density TslDen Grain Lysine content Whole-grain Lysine content. Lysine content Grain GLys Count the number of ears. EN - Counting HskCov - Estimation Observe the ears hask cover and rate it. Measured with a portable chlorophyll meter (e.g. SPAD). Take the average measure from leaves of six alternating plants and use always leaves of similar insertion level. Chl - Measurement Stalk rot (multiple pathogens or an unidentified pathogen) incidence. Plant Stalk rot incidence Stalk rot incidence SRInc Divide the total number of BSDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. BSDMInc - Computation Plant stand Plant PStand Number of plants per unit area. stand 1-3 Tassel branching type scale Leaf Leaf width. width LWid Leaf width PRI - Measurement Standard method for photochemical radiation index. PVig Plant Plant vigor vigor Plant vigor. Observe the plant damage caused by stem borer per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. StBorDmg - Estimation Standard method for whole-grain ash content GAsh - Measurement Observe the plant damage caused by Diatraea plot. DiatraeaDmg - Estimation Record the date when excised kernels are longitudinally cut to expose a black internal abscission layer at the base of the kernel that signals the kernel has ceased to absorb nutrients or moisture from the mother plants. Maturity date - Estimation Number of days required from seeding to grain ripening. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and maturity date. Days to maturity - Computation Abscisic acid content in the root. Abscisic acid content Root abscisic acid content Root RABA CSmutSev - Estimation Observe common smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). g/1000grain GWid - Measurement Measure on the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. kg/ha ¡C day t/ha Grain starch content Whole-grain starch content. Starch content Grain GStarch yyyymmdd Harvest a mature upper ear and measure its weight EarW Individual - Measurement Plant Anthesis time Ant anthesis time Anthesis time. 1-5 Tassel exertion scale Leaf rolling severity Leaf rolling severity LRollSev Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. GTrp Whole-grain Tryptophan content. Grain Tryptophan content Grain Tryptophan content WeevInc Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) incidence on grain. Grain Maize weevil incidence Maize weevil incidence Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. FW GY - Computation Plant DiabroticaDmg Diabrotica damage Diabrotica damage Plant damage caused by Diabrotica species. Leaf Brown spot (Physoderma maydis) severity. Brown spot severity BwSpotSev Brown spot severity Divide the total numbers of plants with lodged stems by number of plants harvested. SLodgInc - Computation 1-5 Endosperm hardness scale color CobGlCol Cob glumes color Color of the cob glumes. Cob glumes Standard method for tassel opening TslOpen - Estimation Plant Multiple cob incidence multiple cob incidence Incidence of multiple cobs, as plants that have multiple ears arising from a single node. MCob PAsp aspect Qualitative observation of plant ideotype. In another word, it rates characteristics such as plant and ear height, uniformity of plants, disease and insect damage, and lodging. Plant aspect Plant Ear rot incidence Ear rot incidence. ERInc Ear rot incidence Ear Color of the aleurone. AleuCol color Aleurone Aleurone color Standard method for young leaf chlorophyll content. YLChl - Measurement day Fusarium stalk rot incidence. Fusarium stalk rot incidence Plant Fusarium stalk rot incidence FusSRInc Grain row arrangement grain row arrangement Ear grain rows arrangement. Ear GRArr 1-3 density scale GLys - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain lysin content. husk cover Ear husk cover observed as degree of the husk covering the tip of the ear. Ear husk cover HskCov Ear g Observe sorghum downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMSSev - Estimation TSCSev - Estimation Observe tarspot complex severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). StrigaPN Number of Striga hermonthica plants. Striga Striga plant number Plant number Observe fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FmonERSev - Estimation size Size of seeds matching demand for a use or a market Grain Seed size for target use/market 1-5 damage scoring scale Maize stripe virus incidence MSTVInc Plant Maize stripe virus incidence Maize stripe virus (MSTV) incidence. MRFVInc Maize rayado fino virus incidence Plant Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) incidence. Maize rayado fino virus incidence Fusarium ear rot severity Fusarium ear rot severity. FusERSev Ear Fusarium ear rot severity The number of maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) hatching and emerging from an infested grain sample within a given period. Large values indicate susceptibility to grain weevils, small values indicate partial resistance to grain weevils. Maize weevil number in Grain WeevN Maize weevil number Grain Leaf color Color of the leaf. LCol Leaf color 1-5 Leaf rolling severity scale Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity. FmonERSev Ear Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity StenSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of StenSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. 1-4 Leaf erectness scale Cob sucrose content Sucrose content in the cob CSucrose Cob Sucrose content Days to ear leaf senescence date - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Count the number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and ear leaf senescence date. Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and score the number of days from sowing. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and anthesis date. Days to anthesis - Computation Observe banded leaf and sheath blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BLSBSev - Estimation Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products MRCVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by mal de rio cuarto virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Standard method for aflatoxin content. Aflatox - Measurement length ELLng Ear leaf Ear leaf (blade) length. Ear leaf length Count the number of plants that show root lodging and record data in filedbook. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. RLodgInc - Counting Endosperm Tryptophan content Tryptophan content EndoTrp Endosperm Tryptophan content in grain endosperm. Ear Grain row number grain row number GRN Number of grain rows in the central part of the uppermost ear. Count the number of plants that are affected by brown stripe downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. BSDMInc - Counting Plant Osmotic adjustment as ability of the plant to adjust the osmotic potential under stress conditions. Osmotic adjustment OA osmotic adjustment Sheath pubescence Sheath pubescence Presence and intensity of hairs on the surface of the leaf sheath. ShtPub uF Curvularia leaf spot severity CLSSev Curvularia leaf spot severity Curvularia leaf spot (Curvularia spp.) severity. Leaf LSucrose Sucrose content in the leaf Leaf Sucrose content Leaf sucrose content Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration TslGlCol Anthocyanin coloration of tassel glumes excluding the bases of the glumes. Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration Standard method for ear growth rate. EGrwR - Computation DiatraeaDmg Plant damage caused by Diatraea species. Plant Diatraea damage Diatraea damage 1-9 disease scoring scale Observation of harvested ears based on some morphological and agronomical characters such as ear size, total numbers of ear harvested per plot, ear damaged caused by insects or/and diseases. Ear aspect EAsp aspect Ear WI - Measurement Standard method for water index. Tassel glumes base Anthocyanin coloration Tassel glumes base Anthocyanin coloration at base of tassel glumes. Anthocyanin coloration TslGlBCol cm variable_of PUnif - Estimation Standard method for plant uniformity ppb BLSBSev Banded leaf and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii) severity. Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Leaf GTyp Grain type Type of grain. Grain type CSSSev - Estimation Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection. Ear Ear damage EDmg Ear damage Ear damage caused by ear rot and/or insects, etc. Standard method for osmotic adjustment. OA - Measurement Tassel opening opening TslOpen Tassel angle. Tassel Grain provitaminA content Grain ProvitaminA content GVitA Whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. CSCMSev - Estimation Observe maize busy stunt severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). MCob - Counting Count the number of plants that have more than one ear growing from the same node. Ear harvested number EHvst harvested number Number of ears harvested. Ear EndoLys - Measurement Standard method for endosperm lysin content. Standard method for tassel branches dry weight. TslBW - Measurement Busseola larvae incidence. Busseola incidence Busseola damage incidence BusseolaInc Plant Observe fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FmonSRSev - Estimation BusseolaDmg Plant Busseola damage Busseola damage Plant damage caused by Busseola larvae. Leaf Maydis leaf blight severity BmaySev Maydis leaf blight severity Maydis leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis = Helminthosporium maydis) severity. Color of the grain. color GCol Grain color Grain Divide the total number of MSV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MSVInc - Computation Root lodging incidence Root lodging incidence. The plants that show root lodging, i.e. those stems that are inclining by more than 45¡. root lodging incidence RLodgInc Plant ShtPub - Estimation Standard method for sheath pubescence content. PsacchInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Aspergillus ear rot severity. AspERSev Ear Aspergillus ear rot severity Aspergillus ear rot severity Tassel blasting severity TslBlastSev Tassel blasting severity Observation of blasting severity of the tassel (necrosis due to heat stress) at the time of flowering. It occurs under extreme temperatures and drought. length Leaf LLng Leaf length Leaf length. Plant ChiloDmg Chilo damage Chilo damage Chilo (Chilo partellus) damage. Plant Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) incidence. Maize rough dwarf virus incidence MRDVInc Maize rough dwarf virus incidence GCol - Estimation Count total number of grain rows in the ear. CT - Measurement Standard method for canopy temperature. tillering Plant Tillering Number of tillers per plant. Tillering Shape of the upper surface of grain. GUpSSh Grain upper surface shape upper surface shape Grain Silk Silk length. SilkLng length Silk length PLSSev - Estimation Observe phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Ear EPo position Ear position Ear position as a ratio of ear height to plant height. Ear height height to insertion of uppermost ear Plant height from base to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear. EH Plant Leaf Leaf abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content LABA Abscisic acid content in the leaf. Observe fusarium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FusERSev - Estimation Standard germination. Standard germination Grain Standard germination StdGerm Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and 50% anthesis. Growing degree days to anthesis - Computation Pythium stalk rot incidence PytSRInc Pythium stalk rot incidence Plant Pythium stalk rot (Pythium spp.) incidence. EPo - Estimation Determine ear position using 1-3 scale. AntAnCol - Estimation Standard method for tassel anthers Anthocyanin coloration. The observation should be made in the middle third of the main branch on fresh anthers. Maize streak virus incidence Maize streak virus incidence (MSV) incidence. Maize streak virus incidence MSVInc Plant EndoLys Lysine content Endosperm Endosperm Lysine content Lysine content in grain endosperm. Plant uniformity PUnif Plant uniformity Uniformity of plants. FungDis - Estimation Observe the plants that are damaged by any fungal diseases. CRustSev - Estimation Observe common rust severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). branch Plant height from the base to the top part (in reproductive stages to the top of the tassel). Plant height Plant PH height PDMInc - Computation Divide the total number of PDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. lb/bsh Ear position ratio Count the number of plants that are affected by maize rough dwarf virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRDVInc - Counting Leaf Sen Senescence senescence Leaf senescence. Divide the total number of SteWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SteWiltInc - Computation weight EW Weight of mature upper ear, including cob and kernels, and at a defined moisture content, although often this is not provided. Ear Ear weight Count the plants that are affected by fusarium moniliforme stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FmonSRInc - Counting ug/g Shape of uppermost ear whether cylindrical or cylindrical-conical or conical or round. UpESh Uppermost ear Uppermost ear shape shape PsacchInc - Computation Divide the total number of Psacch damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Score the tassels based on size using 1-3 categorical scale. TslSiz - Estimation Grain Whole-grain zinc content. Zinc content GZinc Grain zinc content StrigaPN - Counting Count the total number of emerged striga plants per plot. It is counted three times, 8 weeks, 10 weeks and 12 weeks after planting. Divide the total number of MSTV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MSTVInc - Computation Observe dead leaf area per plant/plot and rate. Sen - Estimation FW GY - Measurement Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and record fresh (field) weight. GTex - Estimation Observe the variation of the intensity of a kernel/grain surface and score grain texture based on properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. Divide the total number of DMJ damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMJInc - Computation EDia - Measurement Measure, when applicable, ear diameter at the central part of uppermost ears of at least 20 representative plants per accession. Downy mildew severity Downy mildews (several species of the genera Peronosclerospora, Sclerospora, and Sclerophthora) severity. Downy mildew severity Leaf DMSev Anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola) incidence. ALBInc Anthracnose leaf blight incidence Plant Anthracnose leaf blight incidence Plant Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Brown stripe downy mildew (Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae) incidence. BSDMInc Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Endosperm hardness. Endosperm Endosperm hardness EndoHard hardness Count the number of ear damage caused by earworm per plot. EWormInc - Counting Use formula to calculate ear sheeling ratio. Shell - Computation Leaf TSCSev Tar spot complex severity Tar spot complex (Phyllachora maydis, Monographella maydis) severity. Tar spot complex severity Measure, when applicable, ear length of at least 20 representative plants per accession, record the data in the fieldbook. ELng - Measurement NIRS GAsh - Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain ash content Rank: 3 Branching type of tassel. Tassel branching type branching type Tassel TslTyp Gray leaf spot severity Gray leaf spot severity Gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) severity. GLSSev Leaf Grain storability Grain storability Grain storability refers to the ability of grains to remain viable and maintain their quality over a period of time when stored under a given condition. The hosts ability to reduce the effect of infection on its fitness regardless of the level of disease pathogen multiplication ( Plant Disease Tolerance Disease tolerance Observe curvularia leaf spot severity on plants per plot based on the degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CLSSev - Estimation Whole-grain oil content. GOil Grain oil content Grain Oil content Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence DMVSev Maize dwarf mosaic virus severity Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) severity. Plant Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae) severity. Common smut severity Common smut severity CSmutSev Ear Count the number of plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MSVInc - Counting Plant Philippine downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis) incidence. PDMInc Philippine downy mildew incidence Philippine downy mildew incidence 1-3 size scale Standard method for proline content. Proline - Measurement Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) incidence. SCMVInc Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence Plant Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence SilkAnCol - Estimation Standard method for silk Anthocyanin coloration. Plant SLodgInc stem lodging incidence Stem lodging incidence Stem lodging incidence. The plants that show stem lodging, i.e. those stems that are broken below the ear. AstriInc - Computation Divide the total number of ASTRI damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SilkCol Silk Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of stigmas. Silk Anthocyanin coloration EndoProt - Measurement Standard method for endosperm protein content. CTMInc - Computation Divide the total number of CTM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. EndoTrp - Measurement Standard method for endosperm tryptophan content. CSmutInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by the common smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Optimum number of measurements: i) Vegetative stage: Weekly measurements from 2 to 6 weeks after planting; ii) Flowering: only for inbred lines. NDVI - Measurement ELW - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf weight. ERInc - Counting Count the total number of ears that damaged or/and rotten per plot. StdGerm - Estimation Standard method for standard germination Ear Ear diameter EDia diameter Ear diameter measured at the central part of uppermost ear. PericCol - Estimation Observe the pericarp color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Comparative ranking by users method width Ear width Ear Ear width. EWid Aflatoxin content Grain Aflatoxins content produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatox Aflatoxin content Grain Plant Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence MRCVInc Mal de rio cuarto virus (MRCV) incidence. Tropical rust severity Tropical rust (Physopella zeae) severity. Tropical rust severity Leaf TRustSev Grain test weight of mature kernels. GTW test weight Grain Grain test weight ShellCobW - Measurement (duplicate) Record shelled cob field weight. RootCapac Estimation of root mass at the end of the stress using an electrical capacitance meter. Root Root capacitance capacitance Earworm incidence Ear worm (Heliothis) incidence. EWormInc Earworm incidence Ear DMSInc Plant Sorghum downy mildew incidence Sorghum downy mildew incidence Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) incidence. Ears bad husk cover incidence. Ear Ear bad husk cover incidence bad husk cover incidence BHskCovInc CSSSev Corn stunt spiroplasma severity. Corn stunt spiroplasma severity Corn Spiroplasma stunt severity Plant StenSRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by stenocarpella stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. TslBN - Counting Standard method for tassel branches number. Leaf ash content Leaf Ash content in maize leaves. LAsh Ash content Maize streak virus severity Maize streak virus severity (MSV) severity. Maize streak virus severity Plant MSVSev EH - Measurement Recommended to take 6 alternating plants per plot and measure the height between the base of a plant to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear of the same plant, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. EWid - Measurement Meaure ear width. Count the number of plants that are affected by late wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. LateWiltInc - Counting AphDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by aphids per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Maize bushy stunt severity CSCMSev Maize bushy stunt severity Plant Maize bushy stunt (caused by mycoplasma like organism, MLO) severity. FmonSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FmonSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Standard method for maize weevil number in a sample. Weevils were counted only once (at the end of a 45-d incubation period) WeevN - Counting StrigaDmg Striga damage Striga damage Plant Damage of Striga hermonthica plants on maize plants. Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the insertion of the first tassel branch, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. PHTslB - Measurement GNC - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain Nitrogen content Stewarts wilt incidence Plant Stewart wilt (Erwinia stewartii) incidence. Stewarts wilt incidence SteWiltInc Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Plant Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) incidence. Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence DMVInc Endosperm Protein content in grain endosperm. Protein content EndoProt Endosperm protein content Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and record weight. If at all possible, delay harvest of maize until its moisture content is low (15-25%). EarW Dry weight - Measurement ng/g DW GY - Measurement Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. Abscisic acid content Grain abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content in the grain. GABA Grain Grain thickness Grain thickness Thickness of the grain. GThk TslBW Tassel branch Tassel branch weight weight Weight of tassel branches. Glucose content Root Root glucose content RGlucose Glucose content in the root. g/100grain Grain GNC Nitrogen content Grain Nitrogen content Whole-grain Nitrogen content. EndoCol - Estimation Observe the endosperm color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. EndoHard - Estimation Determine quality of endosperm such as hardness in the lab and use 1-5 to scale to score it. Observe maydis leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BmaySev - Estimation GTyp - Estimation Score the grains based on grain characters such as floury, dent per plot. Stem color StemCol Color of the stem. color Stem Observe aspergillus flavus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). AflavERSev - Estimation Leaf Leaf erectness LErect Insertion angle of the leaves. erectness Ear shelling ratio Divide the total number of Chupon plants by the total number of plants harvested. MCob - Computation DMVInc - Computation Divide the total number of DMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Divide the total number of ears with bad husk cover by the total number of ears harvested. BHskCovInc - Computation Proline content Proline content in the grain. Grain Grain proline content GProline GW FW - Measurement Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. ear/plant SdlngDisInc - Counting Count the seedling that are affected by seedling diseases per plot. height to insertion of first tassel branch Plant PHTslB Plant height to insertion of first tassel branch Plant height from the base to the insertion of the first tassel branch. CSmutInc Common smut incidence Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae)incidence. Common smut incidence Plant Overall performance Plant Overall performance Plants ability to thrive, adapt, and produce desired outcomes in a given environment or context. Observe aspergillus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). AspERSev - Estimation PytSRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by pythium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FusSRInc - Counting Count the plants that are affected by fusarium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. StrigaDmg - Estimation Observe the maize plant damage caused by striga per plot. EShape - Estimation Standard method for ear shape GWid Grain width Grain width Grain width. 1-5 Leaf color scale Tassel exertion Tassel TslExer Tassel exertion. exertion SdlngDisInc - Computation Divide the total number of SeedlingDis affected plants by the total number of plants harvested. Standard method for glumes base tassel Anthocyanin coloration. TslGlBAnCol - Estimation Photochemical radiation index PRI Plant photochemical radiation index Photochemical radiation index. A canopy reflectance index indicating photosynthetic radiation use efficiency. FungDis Fungal disease presence Plant The trait is scored for the response to the diseases caused by several fungi. Fungal disease presence Bacterial stalk rot (Erwinia chrysanthemi) incidence. BactSRInc Plant Bacterial stalk rot incidence Bacterial stalk rot incidence DTS - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants silk. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and silking date. Observe downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMSev - Estimation GVitA - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. Text CharRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by charcoal rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MSVSev - Estimation Observe the plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. marketability Grain Grain marketability refers to the commercial viability or attractiveness of a particular type of grain for sale in the agricultural market. Grain marketability 1-5 rating scale 1-6 Grain upper surface shape scale PHFL height to ligule of the flag leaf Plant height from the base to the ligule of the flag leaf. Plant height to ligule of the flag leaf Plant Standard method for cob tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The anthocyanin Anthocyanin colorationation should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. CobGlAnCol - Estimation DW GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. CTMInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by CTM per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. g/plot SLodgInc - Counting Count the number of plants with the stem lodged. The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Plant Canopy temperature. canopy temperature CT Canopy temperature Sucrose - Measurement Standard method for sucrose content. ERInc - Computation Divide the total number of ears that are rotten by the total number of plants that are harvested. Large grain borer damage Large grain borer damage LGBDmg Large grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) damage. Grain Bacterial leaf stripe severity Bacterial leaf stripe severity Leaf Bacterial leaf stripe (Pseudomonas rubrilinians) severity. BCLSSev Growth rate of silk. growth rate Silk Silk growth rate SilkGrwR pg/g MRCVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MRCV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (Phaeosphaeria maydis) severity. PLSSev Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity Leaf SteWiltInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by stewart wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. GTrp - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain tryptophan content. 1-2 absent-present scale CCI Anthocyanin coloration of anthers. AntCol Anther Anthocyanin coloration Anther Anthocyanin coloration EHvst - Counting Count the total number of ears harvested per plot/entry, excluding secondary ears that are extremely small. Relative grain yield expressed as percentage of the mean grain yield of the trial. Values above 100% indicate above-average performance; values below 100% indicate below-average performance. RGY - Computation GRArr - Estimation Observe grain row arrangement in the harvested ears and rate 1-4 categorical scale. 1-9 Grain color scale ppm Take same leaf measured for leaf length and measure mid-way along its length. LWid - Measurement Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Comparative ranking by farmers method EturcSev - Estimation Observe turcicum leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). GCol - Estimation Observe color of grains. Sugarcane downy mildew incidence PsacchInc Sugarcane downy mildew incidence Sugarcane downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sacchari) incidence. Plant Crazy top (Sclerophthora macrospora) incidence. Crazy top downy mildew incidence CTMInc Plant Crazy top downy mildew incidence Proline content in the root. Proline content Root RProl Root proline content Divide the total number of SCMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SCMVInc - Computation Growing degree days to maturity - Computation Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and maturity. Plant Water index water index WI A ratio between the reflectance at a water band wavelength to a nearby reference wavelength where there is no absorption due to water content variability. Leaf EturcSev Turcicum leaf blight severity Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum = Helminthosporium turcicum) severity. Turcicum leaf blight severity StBorDmg Stem borer damage includes different stem borers such as Chilo partellus, Sesamia spp. and Spodoptera. Stem borer damage Plant Stem borer damage AstriInc Plant Black bundle incidence Black bundle (Acremonium strictum) incidence. Black bundle incidence PDMInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by philippine downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. RustSev - Estimation Observe rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). EShape shape Ear Ear shape Ear shape LErect - Estimation Standard method for leaf erectness ug/mg Rank number Average of 10 consecutive grains from one row in the middle of the uppermost ear, measured with calliper. GLng - Measurement DMVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize dwarf mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Ear Shell The ratio of grain to total ear weight. Ear shelling ratio Shelling ratio CobGlCol - Estimation Standard method for cob tassel color. The anthocyanin coloration should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. Leaf proline content Proline content LProline Leaf Proline content in the leaf. Observe GLS severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). GLSSev - Estimation Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity. FgramERSev Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity Ear Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity 1-5 Grain texture scale ear/plot Number of plants harvested per unit area. PHvst Plant havested number Plants harvested Maturity time. maturity time Maturity time Plant A measure of the potential of water to move between regions of differing concentrations across a water-permeable membrane. OP osmotic potential Osmotic potential Plant BHskCovInc - Estimation Observation of ears with bad husk cover. ELChl - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf chlorophyll content. Young leaf chlorophyll content Young leaf Chlorophyll content in the young leaf. YLChl Chlorophyll content tiller/plant Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity Plant Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity FmonSRSev Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity. PVig - Estimation Standard method for plant vigor 1-5 Anthocyanin coloration scale NIRS GOil - Measurement NIRS method for oil content EWormDmg Ear worm (Heliothis) damage. Earworm damage Earworm damage Ear Observe the plant damage caused by large grain borer per plot LGBDmg - Estimation Use ear height and plant height data of the same plants per plot and calculate the ratio. Small values indicate low ear position; large values indicate high ear position. EPo - Computation Score maize weevil damage on the plants per plot. WeevInc - Estimation 1-5 Tassel opening scale Observe the aleurone color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. AleuCol - Estimation LRollSev - Estimation Observe the plants per plot with the leaves rolled. Date when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and record the date. Anthesis date - Estimation Standard method for root capitance. RootCapac - Measurement 1-11 Grain type scale Ear leaf chlorophyll content ELChl Chlorophyll content in the ear leaf. Ear leaf Chlorophyll content Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. Dry weight basis GY - Computation TslTyp - Estimation Standard method for tassel type. Count the total number of ears with bad husk cover. BHskCovInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sorghum downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMSInc - Counting 1-5 Pericarp color scale Ear AflavERSev Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity. TslBlastSev - Estimation Standard method for tassel blasting. lb/plot Grain yield yield GY Grain yield per unit area, either field weight basis, dry weight basis or adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. Grain Ear length. Ear Ear length ELng length cm/day mg/g Count number of days from planting date to anthesis and silking to determine days to anthesis (DTA) and days to silking (DTS), respectively and determine anthesis silking interval (ASI) by calculating: ASI = DTS-DTA. ASI - Computation Grain length Grain GLng Grain length. length g/plant/day Charcoal rot incidence Charcoal rot incidence Charcoal rot or (Macrophomina phaseolina) incidence. CharRInc Plant row/ear 1-3 Cob color scale Ranking:3 Rust severity Rust severity Leaf RustSev Multiple rust pathogens severity. Standard method for tassel Anthocyanin coloration. TslAnCol - Estimation SilkGrwR - Computation Standard method for silk growth rate. Grain Germination Germination rate is calculated by dividing the number of seeds that sprout by the total number of seeds started, and then multiplying that number by 100 to get a percentage. Germination rate CSCInc Corn stunt incidence Plant Corn stunt complex (corn stunt spiroplasma, maize bushy stunt phytoplasma [= mycoplasma], maize rayado fino virus) incidence. Corn stunt incidence Observe polysora rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). PpolySev - Estimation SilkLng - Measurement Standard method for silk length. Divide the total number of plants that are root lodged due to weak soil or poorly developed anchorage roots by the total number of plants that are harvested. RLodgInc - Computation Stomatal conductance Leaf stomatal conductance Leaf Stomatal conductance SCond GTW - Computation Standard method for grain test weight. Standard method for whole-grain zinc content. GZinc - Measurement Compute number of ears using the formula. EN - Computation Divide the total number of CharRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CharRInc - Computation Divide the total number of HSmut damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. HSmutInc - Computation BCLSSev - Estimation Observe bacterial leaf stripe severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). MLNSev - Estimation Observe maize lethal necrosis severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMSSev Sorghum downy mildew severity Plant Sorghum downy mildew severity Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) severity. ASI Anthesis silking interval. anthesis silking interval Anthesis silking interval Plant Tassel size Tassel size. TslSiz size Tassel OP - Measurement Standard method for osmotic potential. Measure sample weight of grains per plot after harvest, record dry weight of the same samples and calculate grain moisture content for each sample using formula: 100*(Wt of sample - Dry Weight)/Wt of sample. GMoi - Computation Standard method for whole-grain iron content. GIron - Measurement FgramSRInc - Counting Count the plants that are affected by fusarium graminearum stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. mm Sucrose content Root Sucrose content in the root. Root sucrose content RSucrose Grain Grain weight of mature kernels. weight GW Grain weight 1-4 Grain row arrangement scale FgramERSev - Estimation Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on ears per plot based on degree of infection. LodgInc - Estimation Scored for severity of lodging. SmaySev - Estimation Observe stenocarpella ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of cob glumes. Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration CobGlCol GW Adjusted - Computation Compute grain weigh adjuted to 12.5% moisture. LateWiltInc Late wilt incidence Late wilt incidence Plant Late wilt (Cephalosporium maydis) incidence. Cob number Number of cobs Number Cob 1-3 Ear position scale 1-5 WeevDmgInc scale Count the number of plants that are affected by stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SRInc - Counting grain/plant Observe penicillium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). PERSev - Estimation TslGlAnCol - Estimation Standard method for glumes tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The measurement should exclude the bases of the glumes. ng/µg Weight of shelled cob. Shelled cob weight weight or yield Shelled cob ShellCobW EWormDmg - Measurement Standard method for earworm damage measured in cm of feeding. 0 - no ear damage, 1 - 1 cm, + 1 for each additional cm of feeding Relative to check - Computation Calculated as relative grain yield agaisnst the best check in percentage. index Normalized difference vegetation index normalized difference vegetation index Canopy normalized difference vegetation index. Plant NDVI Observe the plant damage caused by chilo per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. ChiloDmg - Estimation Maize lethal necrosis severity Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) severity. Plant MLNSev Maize lethal necrosis severity Plant Aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis) damage. AphDmg Aphid damage Aphid damage Plant Ear leaf senescence time Ear leaf senescence time. ELSen ear leaf senescence time ALBInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by anthracnose leaf blight per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. GThk - Measurement Measure the thickness of the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. Observe the plant damage caused by army worms per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AWormDmg - Estimation PericCol color Pericarp color Pericarp Color of the pericarp. Ear Growth rate of the ear(s) on a plant. It may include the sum of the apical and sub-apical ear growth from prolific plants. EGrwR Ear growth rate growth rate Grain sucrose content GSucrose Grain Sucrose content in the grain Sucrose content LodgInc Observation of lodging severity. lodging incidence Plant Lodging incidence Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) stalk rot incidence. Plant Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence StenSRInc Grain Grain taste Taste of the grain (after cooking? Raw?) taste method_of LAsh- Measurement Standard method for leaves ash content umol/g Measured with a portable porometer. Take the measures in the middle between leaf tip and leaf base, and in between leaf midrib and leaf rim. Blade sections measured must to be exposed to sunlight for at least the 30 minutes before. Measurements always performed in the same side of the leaf (usually the lower or abaxial one). One measurement per leaf, and at least 3 per plot. 1 min per measurement. SCond - Measurement Pest tolerance The hosts ability to reduce the effect of damages on its fitness regardless of the level of pest pathogen multiplication ( Plant Pest tolerance Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence Plant Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence. FmonSRInc FgramSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FgramSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. mmol /m2/s 1-9 Anthocyanin coloration scale Divide the total number of SRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SRInc - Computation PHFL - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height between the base of a plant to the ligule of the flag leaf, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. SCMVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. 1-5 Standard germination scale Seedling disease incidence. Seedling disease incidence Seedling disease incidence Plant SdlngDisInc Leaf CRustSev Common rust severity Severity of common rust ( Puccinia sorghi). Common rust severity Plant Army worm damage Army worm (syn. Spodoptera exempta) damage. AWormDmg Army worm damage GProt - Computation Standard method for whole-grain protein content. % Protein = % of nitrogen x 6.25 1-5 Aleurone color scale EDmg - Estimation Observe the ears damage caused by ear rot and/or insects per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. GAsh Grain ash content Ash content Grain Whole-grain ash content. Ear number. Ear Ear number EN number Observe the stem color between the two topmost ears. StemCol - Estimation scale_of UpESh - Estimation Observe shape of uppermost ear. g/200grain Observe head smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). HSmutSev - Estimation 1-5 Vigor scale Score the plants per plot combining several agronomical and morphological characters of plants such plant height, ear height, stem/root loading. Note: Combination of traits usually differ from one breeder to another depending on type of study. PAsp - Estimation Standard method for oil content GOil - Measurement Penicillium ear rot severity Penicillium ear rot severity. Ear PERSev Penicillium ear rot severity Count total number of plants per plot. PStand - Counting The hosts ability to reduce the effect of stress on its fitness regardless of the level of abiotic stress (flood, drought, …) applied Abiotic stress tolerance Abiotic stress tolerance Plant Divide the total number of CSN damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CSmutInc - Computation EAsp - Estimation Harvest ears per plot (eliminate first and last plants to avoid border effects) and score ear aspect combining several ear-associated traits. Note: Combination of traits usually differs from one breeder to another depending on type of study. Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence FgramSRInc Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence Plant Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence. Grain moisture Grain moisture. moisture content GMoi Grain Grain Grain glucose content GGlucose Glucose content Glucose content in the grain. Tassel Anthocyanin coloration of tassel. Tassel Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration TslCol Count the total number of plants that are affected by corn stunt complex per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CSCInc - Counting PHvst - Counting Count the total number of plants harvested per plot/entry. Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. GW DW - Measurement Divide the total number of EWDMG damaged ears by the total number of plants harvested. EWormInc - Computation NIRS GTrp- Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain tryptophan content. CSCInc - Computation Divide the total number of CSC damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. GWLostWeev - Measurement Seed weight loss was determined using the count and weight method of Gwinner et al (1996). Weight loss (%) = (Wu x Nd) - (Wd x Nu) x 100 / Wu x (Nd + Nu) where Wu=weight of the undamaged seed, Nu = number of undamaged seed, Wd = Weight of damaged seed, and Nd=Number of damaged seed. MRFVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize bushy stunt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. BwSpotSev - Estimation Observe brown spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). PH - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the top of the tassel, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. Observe tropical severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). TRustSev - Estimation Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried ears. EarW Field weight - Measurement Observe the shape of the upper surface of grain, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession, after harvest. GUpSSh - Estimation Performance of a maize variety with the local variety Comparison with local Comparison with local Plant Measure moisture of a grain sample using NIRS moisture analyzer. NIRS Moi - Measurement Plant Silking time silking time Silk Silking time. DMJInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by DMJ per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. NIRS GProt- Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain protein content. Grain Grain texture texture GTex Grain texture as a measure of the variation on the intensity of a surface, quantifying properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. Divide the total number of MRFV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MRFVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MRDV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MRDVInc - Computation MSTVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize stripe virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Observe plants carefully and record date when 50% of plants within a plot area have silks visible (female flowering date). This is determined on a daily basis by counting the number of plants with at least one silk extruded divided by the total number of plants in the plot. Silking date - Estimation 1-6 Endosperm color scale Grain weight loss by maize weevil GWLostWeev Loss of weight of the grain samples caused by weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) feeding during a given period of incubation. Grain weight loss by maize weevil SmaySev Ear Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) ear rot severity. Stenocarpella ear rot severity Stenocarpella ear rot severity LateWiltInc - Computation Divide the total number of LateWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Mpa Measure the leaf which subtends the uppermost ear from ligule to apex. LLng - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf length. ELLng - Measurement ¡C Standard method for tassel density TslDen - Estimation Standard method for whole-grain starch content. GStarch - Measurement Count the number of plants that are affected by bacterial stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. BactSRInc - Counting Observe maize dwarf mosaic virus severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMVSev - Estimation PytSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of PytSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DiabroticaDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by Diabrotica per plot. FusSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FusSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. GN - Computation Standard method for grain number. 0-10 Senescence scale Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. Adjusted GY - Computation HSmutInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by head smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PpolySev Polysora rust severity Polysora rust severity Leaf Polysora rust (in lowlands Puccinia polysora) severity. Standard method for leaf color. LCol - Estimation 1-3 Ear shape scale 1-3 Tassel density scale Divide the total number of ALB damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. ALBInc - Computation It is calculated as the numerical position of the progeny when yields are arrenged from highest to lowest. GYRank - Computation DMSInc - Computation Divide the total number of DMS damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. 1-5 Stem color scale GN Grain number. Grain number number Grain NIRS method for leaves ash content NIRS LAsh - Measurement Tassel branch number Tassel branch Number of branches on tassel. TslBN number Record date when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Ear leaf senescence date - Computation 0-1 absent-present scale 1-3 Plant uniformity scale 1-4 Ear shape scale