Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRArr_E_1to4 BCLSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT brown 5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SilkGrwR_Cmp_cmday Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Shell_Cmp_pct EPo_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTex_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT NDVI_M_idx Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LAsh_NIRS_pct PRI_M_idx Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BwSpotSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ELLng_M_cm FusERSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GxE GY_FW_lbPlot Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PHvst_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ShtPub_E_1to3 EturcSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PAsp_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT low ear position 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSInc_Cmp_pct Gcol_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslTyp_E_1to3 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HSmutSev_E_1to9 AbStr_CompRank_Bl3 PytSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SdlngVig_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GN_Cmp_grnplnt Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslGlBAnCol_E_1to5 2 11-20% dead leaf area Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EDia_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSTVInc_Ct_plntPlot TslGlAnCol_E_1to2 CIMMYT 2 Middle rank Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DiabroticaDmg_E_1to5 TslGlBAnCol_E_1to2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LodgInc_E_1to5 CIMMYT LSucrose_M_umolg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla mixed 3 cylindrical-conical 2 GxE Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EWid_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GOil_M_pct CIMMYT AntAnCol_E_1to2 TslBN_Ct_branch Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GIron_M_ppm EW_DW_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT BCLSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SilkLng_M_cm CIMMYT PpolySev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_kgPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SmaySev_E_1to5 CIMMYT RGlucose_M_ngug Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 hard and transparent grains GW_Adj_g1000grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Shell_Cmp_ratio CIMMYT CSmutSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PpolySev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CRustSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 sun red Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Tillering_Ct_tllrplnt CIMMYT CIMMYT AspERSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WeevInc_E_1to5 PericCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSSSev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MLNSev_E_1to5 desirable 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MRCVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_Adj_tha 3 medium Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT ELng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BLSBSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 semi-soft and semi-opaque grains GY_CompRank_Bl3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLSSev_E_1to9 1 100% GY_Rank_number Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT PpolySev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BHskCovInc_E_pct FmonSRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSmutSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BmaySev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Mat_DT_day DTM pointed 5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMJInc_Cmp_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PLSSev_E_pct GSucrose_M_umolg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CTMInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FusERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 21-30% dead leaf area 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MRDVInc_Ct_plntPlot Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonSRSev_E_1to9 DiatraeaDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 yellow very short 1 moderately (50% ) damaged 3 LateWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSev_E_pct variegated 4 BSDMInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSCInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TSCSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SmaySev_E_1to9 excellent 1 DMSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 5 very long spiral 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PHTslB_M_cm white 1 CSSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SCond_M_mmolm2s Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PsacchInc_Cmp_pct very vigorous 1 GrStor_CompRank_Bl3 WI_M_idx Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT highly resistant, clean no (%) infection 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSSev_E_1to5 SLodgInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PHFL_M_cm CIMMYT CIMMYT SilkAnCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EndoLys_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslOpen_E_1to5 MSVSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CharRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EturcSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_FW_tha white cap 8 CSmutSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GTrp_M_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LABA_M_ngg CIMMYT GLng_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EN_Ct_earPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_DW_tha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CTMInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MRCVInc_Cmp_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSVSev_E_pct LWid_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 sparse Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AflavERSev_E_1to5 DsTol_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EndoTrp_M_pct EH_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SdlngDisInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT SdSizUse_compRank_Bl3 TSCSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MCob_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT unrolled 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EShape_E_1to3 41-50% dead leave area 5 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonERSev_E_pct RABA_M_ngg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PERSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EturcSev_E_1to5 2 normal LAsh_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MatT_CompRank_BL3 bronze 2 primary-secondary-tertiary 3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSVSev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HSmutSev_E_1to5 CobNb_CompRank_Bl3 TKW Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TGW GW_DW_g1000grn 1000KW PVig_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 straight 7 mottled Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PsacchInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT 1 absent or very weak Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ELChl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BmaySev_E_1to5 semi erect 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ShellCobW_FW_gPlot CIMMYT acronym Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramERSev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StrigaDmg_E_1to5 entity clean, no damage 1 FgramERSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT BSDMInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EndoCol_E_1to6 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EW_M_gear CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PDMInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_DW_kgPlot CIMMYT DMSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ELSen_Date_ymd ELSenD GrMark_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AstriInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT red 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_FW_g200grn CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslExer_E_1to5 poor 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslBlastSev_E_1to5 7 strong DTS Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Silk_DT_day 6 medium to high infection Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StenSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT BLSBSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Ant_DT_day Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DTA Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramSRInc_Ct_plntPlot dark purple 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GWid_M_mm normal 3 CIMMYT BactSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 1 conical MSVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLng_M_mm 1 Highest rank DMVSev_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_DW_g200grn 200KW Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GStarch_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT OP_M_Mpa GMoi_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EWormDmg_M_cm 5 other Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonSRSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_Adj_g100grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LateWiltInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT ELW_M_g Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla round 4 good germination (70-89%) 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_RelChk_pct 5 purple pale yellow 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AphDmg_E_1to5 conical 3 MRFVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_FW_g1000grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BwSpotSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CRustSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT CharRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 low to moderate level of blasting Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GAsh_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSCInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ASI_Cmp_day CIMMYT GLSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 moderately (50% ) infested GxE ELng_M_mm Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTyp_E_1to11 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AWormDmg_E_1to5 CobGlAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT MRDVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GProt_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CT_M_C BCLSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT AspERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCMSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT turgid leaves 2 BusseolaDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT slightly (20%) damaged 2 GGlucose_M_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MLNSev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_Adj_g200grn SCMVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 81-90% dead leave area 9 Sen_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT FusSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AspERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GVitA_M_µgg Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PERSev_E_1to9 8 strong to very strong CompLoc_CompRank_Bl3 BactSRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ShellCobW_FW_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT semi-dent 4 low infection 3 GWLostWeev_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 weak DMVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT open 4 GABA_M_pgg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT dark green 3 2 indented CIMMYT HSmutSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCMSev_E_pct CIMMYT ERInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EN_Cmp_earplnt Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RustSev_E_pct CIMMYT Lowest rank 3 CIMMYT CLSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_DW_g100grn 100KW ALBInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StrigaPN_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EPo_Cmp_ratio SdlngDisInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT medium 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EWormInc_Ct_plntPlot no blasting 1 7 61-70% dead leave area BusseolaInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HSmutInc_Cmp_pct AleuCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT very high level of blasting 5 Silk_Date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SD PLSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BLSBSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GAsh_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GMoi_Cmp_pct DMJInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Significantly (70%) infested 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Aflatox_M_ppb Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LProline_M_ugg CIMMYT FmonSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslGlBAnCol_E_1to9 1 white FusSRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ALBInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT absent 0 PLSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla green 1 Mat_Date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MD EWormInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MaturityGDU Mat_Cmp_Cday WeevN_Ct_weevil Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 not severely rolled leaves 3 intermediate germination (30-69%) 2 ear around mid-plant Sen_E_0to10 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT GProline_M_mgg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla red 9 4 low to medium infection Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StenSRInc_Ct_plntPlot purple 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PStand_Ct_plntPlot OvPerf_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT ERInc_Ct_earPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LRollSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 9 severe infection Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AflavERSev_E_pct 5 very poor germination (0-10%) very low infection 2 StdGerm_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT brown 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AD Ant_Date_ymd CIMMYT CobGlCol_E_1to3 FungDis_E_0to1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLys_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 5 medium infection GNC_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AnthesisGDU Ant_Cmp_Cday Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ChiloDmg_E_1to5 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTW_M_lbbsh GxE Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GGlucose_M_ugmg semi-hard and semi-transparent grains 2 CIMMYT RProl_M_ugg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla medium 3 TRustSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 rounded GUpSSh_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RSucrose_M_ngug GY_DW_kgha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RootCapac_M_uF Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EAsp_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoProt_M_pct 3 high ear position Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRN_Ct_rowear CIMMYT AntAnCol_E_1to9 5 highly (>80%) damaged CIMMYT CLSSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GCol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EHvst_Ct_earPlot CIMMYT 4 reddish flint 6 EW_FW_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MLNSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 flint Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SteWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot dense 3 CIMMYT AflavERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT yellow 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MCob_Cmp_pct 6 strongly pointed AWornDmg_CompRank_Bl3 7 high infection 2 green 2 vigorous 3 dent Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PDMInc_Cmp_pct highly susceptible, disease symptoms covering >80% 5 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RustSev_E_1to9 8 very high infection TslBW_DW_g Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TRustSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PUnif_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FusERSev_E_1to9 LErect_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 good AntAnCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CLSSev_E_1to9 2 semi-flint Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_RGY_pct BHskCovInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT severly infested 5 GY_Adj_kgha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_FW_kgha StemCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSCMSev_E_1to5 2 95% DMVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SmaySev_E_pct 2 present 1 Highest rank Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PytSRInc_Ct_plntPlot Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSucrose_M_umolg CIMMYT MRFVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GThk_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT drooping 4 attribute PH_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 51-60% dead leave area 6 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSSSev_E_pct CIMMYT level 3 BHskCovInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT lax 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RLodgInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BwSpotSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DTELSen ELSen_DT_day 4 moderate to high level of blasting Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Chl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TRustSev_E_1to5 LSucrose_M_mgg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT present 1 4 susceptible, disease symptoms covering upto 70% EDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT BmaySev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT OA_M_Mpa 2 semi-floury (morocho), with an external layer of hard endoseprm. CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GOil_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslDen_E_1to3 CIMMYT 5 brown Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_DW_gPlot 1 white Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StBorDmg_E_1to5 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GSucrose_M_pct CIMMYT Semi-dent, intermediate between dent and flint but closer to dent 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EW_FW_kgPlot CIMMYT 5 dent CRustSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GZinc_M_ppm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EndoHard_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AstriInc_Cmp_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonSRSev_E_pct CIMMYT 1 light green very poor 5 small 3 2 intermediate Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EGrwR_Cmp_gplntday CIMMYT resistant, disease symptoms covering up to 20% 2 3 intermediate very strong 9 irregular 2 2 short Middle rank 2 1 primary Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SteWiltInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT UpESh_E_1to4 moderate level of blasting 3 3 red 4 weak light purple 2 Lowest rank 3 1 floury 3 dense GmRt_CompRank_Bl3 MSTVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 6 white cap absent 1 GW_FW_g100grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GrTast_CompRank_Bl3 FungDis_E_text Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HskCov_E_1to5 TSCSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LGBDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GProt_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 semi open Opaque 2/QPM 9 excellent germination (90-100%) 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SRInc_Cmp_pct large 1 7 pop 1 absent medium to strong 6 TslAnCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT strong 4 Significantly (70%) damaged 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTrp_NIRS_pct CIMMYT YLChl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT moderately susceptible, disease symptoms covering up to 50% 3 5 postrate Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslSiz_E_1to3 purple 4 2 secondary CIMMYT DMSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla severely rolled leaves, undesirable 5 2 cream SCMVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 cylindrical long 4 Semi-flint, flint with a soft cap 5 medium 5 poor germination (11-29%) 4 4 weak to medium MAIZE ontology 5 very weak 2 very weak to weak sweet 8 CIMMYT GABA_M_ugg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 intermediate 31-40% dead leaf area 4 intermediate grain hardness 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RustSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT grayyish white 2 1 cylindrical 1 colorless PstTol_CompRank_Bl3 orange 5 1 regular 6 orange 4 purple 2 conical-cylindrical 1 no infection 3 red semi horizontal 3 8 71-80% dead leave area very compact 1 1-10% dead leaf area 1 very strong 5 2 compact slightly (20%) infested 2 5 other erect 1 5 soft and opaque grains 1 shrunken 1 colorless weak 3 1 no infestation 0 no dead leaf area Root RSucrose Sucrose content in the root. Sucrose content Root sucrose content Rank number StdGerm - Estimation Standard method for standard germination Count the number of plants that are affected by maize dwarf mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMVInc - Counting PERSev - Estimation Observe penicillium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Shell Ear The ratio of grain to total ear weight. Shelling ratio Ear shelling ratio 1-9 disease scoring scale Number of ears harvested. EHvst harvested number Ear harvested number Ear Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height between the base of a plant to the ligule of the flag leaf, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. PHFL - Measurement ELLng - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf length. StemCol - Estimation Observe the stem color between the two topmost ears. Silking time. Plant silking time Silk Silking time % Observe common smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CSmutSev - Estimation 0-10 Senescence scale Grain Nitrogen content Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Grain Nitrogen content GNC Divide the total number of SRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SRInc - Computation OA Osmotic adjustment Plant osmotic adjustment Osmotic adjustment as ability of the plant to adjust the osmotic potential under stress conditions. Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration TslGlCol Anthocyanin coloration of tassel glumes excluding the bases of the glumes. Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration Endosperm hardness Endosperm hardness. Endosperm hardness EndoHard g/100grain Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) ear rot severity. Stenocarpella ear rot severity SmaySev Ear Stenocarpella ear rot severity Abiotic stress tolerance The hosts ability to reduce the effect of stress on its fitness regardless of the level of abiotic stress (flood, drought, …) applied Abiotic stress tolerance Plant Maize weevil incidence WeevInc Maize weevil incidence Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) incidence on grain. Grain Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection. CSSSev - Estimation Sorghum downy mildew severity Sorghum downy mildew severity Plant DMSSev Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) severity. Rank: 3 Observe maize dwarf mosaic virus severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMVSev - Estimation 1-9 Anthocyanin coloration scale EWormDmg - Measurement Standard method for earworm damage measured in cm of feeding. 0 - no ear damage, 1 - 1 cm, + 1 for each additional cm of feeding GUpSSh upper surface shape Grain Shape of the upper surface of grain. Grain upper surface shape Striga Plant number Striga plant number Number of Striga hermonthica plants. StrigaPN Tassel angle. Tassel opening Tassel TslOpen opening 1-5 Tassel blasting severity scale 1-3 Plant uniformity scale 1-5 damage scoring scale Cob sucrose content Cob CSucrose Sucrose content in the cob Sucrose content thickness Grain GThk Thickness of the grain. Grain thickness plant/plot Observe the endosperm color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. EndoCol - Estimation EturcSev - Estimation Observe turcicum leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). TslOpen - Estimation Standard method for tassel opening Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. GW DW - Measurement width Leaf width. Leaf width LWid Leaf 1-3 Tassel density scale Observe the plant damage caused by chilo per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. ChiloDmg - Estimation Seedling vigor vigor SdlngVig Seedling vigor. Seedling 1-6 Endosperm color scale GRArr Ear grain rows arrangement. grain row arrangement Ear Grain row arrangement Ear EW Weight of mature upper ear, including cob and kernels, and at a defined moisture content, although often this is not provided. weight Ear weight 1-2 absent-present scale ¡C Divide the total number of DMJ damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMJInc - Computation RLodgInc Root lodging incidence. The plants that show root lodging, i.e. those stems that are inclining by more than 45¡. root lodging incidence Root lodging incidence Plant Divide the total numbers of plants with lodged stems by number of plants harvested. SLodgInc - Computation Plant Sugarcane downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sacchari) incidence. PsacchInc Sugarcane downy mildew incidence Sugarcane downy mildew incidence Leaf abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content Leaf Abscisic acid content in the leaf. LABA Color of the cob glumes. Cob glumes color color CobGlCol Cob glumes Observe the ears damage caused by ear rot and/or insects per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. EDmg - Estimation mg/g BHskCovInc - Counting Count the total number of ears with bad husk cover. 1-5 Leaf color scale Pericarp color PericCol Pericarp Color of the pericarp. color Observe maize busy stunt severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CSCMSev - Estimation ¡C day Penicillium ear rot severity. Penicillium ear rot severity Ear PERSev Penicillium ear rot severity Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity FgramERSev Ear Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity. Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity osmotic potential Plant A measure of the potential of water to move between regions of differing concentrations across a water-permeable membrane. Osmotic potential OP NIRS LAsh - Measurement NIRS method for leaves ash content FusSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FusSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. RootCapac Estimation of root mass at the end of the stress using an electrical capacitance meter. Root capacitance capacitance Root GCol - Estimation Observe color of grains. AstriInc Black bundle incidence Plant Black bundle (Acremonium strictum) incidence. Black bundle incidence Measure, when applicable, ear length of at least 20 representative plants per accession, record the data in the fieldbook. ELng - Measurement Chlorophyll content Young leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in the young leaf. Young leaf YLChl Ear Ear length. length ELng Ear length StBorDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by stem borer per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. type Grain Type of grain. Grain type GTyp EAsp - Estimation Harvest ears per plot (eliminate first and last plants to avoid border effects) and score ear aspect combining several ear-associated traits. Note: Combination of traits usually differs from one breeder to another depending on type of study. 1-5 Pericarp color scale Divide the total number of StenSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. StenSRInc - Computation FmonSRSev - Estimation Observe fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Growing degree days to anthesis - Computation Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and 50% anthesis. Count total number of grain rows in the ear. GCol - Estimation It is calculated as the numerical position of the progeny when yields are arrenged from highest to lowest. GYRank - Computation Score the grains based on grain characters such as floury, dent per plot. GTyp - Estimation Leaf ash content Leaf LAsh Ash content in maize leaves. Ash content DMSSev - Estimation Observe sorghum downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). 0-1 absent-present scale Diabrotica damage Plant Diabrotica damage DiabroticaDmg Plant damage caused by Diabrotica species. Plant Busseola damage Busseola damage BusseolaDmg Plant damage caused by Busseola larvae. Mpa Large grain borer damage LGBDmg Large grain borer damage Grain Large grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) damage. Tassel Anthocyanin coloration TslCol Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of tassel. Tassel LateWiltInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by late wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. ug/g 1-4 Grain row arrangement scale RustSev Rust severity Rust severity Leaf Multiple rust pathogens severity. DW GY - Measurement Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. Shell - Computation Use formula to calculate ear sheeling ratio. PHvst havested number Number of plants harvested per unit area. Plant Plants harvested Overall performance Plant Overall performance Plants ability to thrive, adapt, and produce desired outcomes in a given environment or context. ng/µg Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PsacchInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by head smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. HSmutInc - Counting Divide the total number of PDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. PDMInc - Computation GStarch - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain starch content. ppm grain/plant Banded leaf and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii) severity. Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Leaf BLSBSev Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Sucrose - Measurement Standard method for sucrose content. Observe the plant damage caused by army worms per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AWormDmg - Estimation Plant Stem lodging incidence. The plants that show stem lodging, i.e. those stems that are broken below the ear. stem lodging incidence Stem lodging incidence SLodgInc 1-5 disease scoring scale TslTyp Tassel Branching type of tassel. Tassel branching type branching type Grain taste taste Taste of the grain (after cooking? Raw?) Grain ear/plot Standard method for grain number. GN - Computation Maydis leaf blight severity Leaf Maydis leaf blight severity BmaySev Maydis leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis = Helminthosporium maydis) severity. Ear position Ear position as a ratio of ear height to plant height. position EPo Ear umol/g GLng - Measurement Average of 10 consecutive grains from one row in the middle of the uppermost ear, measured with calliper. Standard germination Grain StdGerm Standard germination. Standard germination Grain yield GY yield Grain yield per unit area, either field weight basis, dry weight basis or adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. Grain Grain texture GTex Grain texture Grain texture as a measure of the variation on the intensity of a surface, quantifying properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. Grain length length Grain GLng Grain length. DMSInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by sorghum downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Comparative ranking by users method Text 1-3 size scale Grain moisture content Grain moisture GMoi Grain moisture. Plant SdlngDisInc Seedling disease incidence. Seedling disease incidence Seedling disease incidence Divide the total number of SCMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SCMVInc - Computation Ear number EN number Ear number. Ear PpolySev - Estimation Observe polysora rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Tropical rust severity Leaf Tropical rust severity TRustSev Tropical rust (Physopella zeae) severity. Count the number of plants that are affected by charcoal rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CharRInc - Counting Observe grain row arrangement in the harvested ears and rate 1-4 categorical scale. GRArr - Estimation Maize weevil number in Grain Maize weevil number The number of maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) hatching and emerging from an infested grain sample within a given period. Large values indicate susceptibility to grain weevils, small values indicate partial resistance to grain weevils. Grain WeevN Ear aspect Observation of harvested ears based on some morphological and agronomical characters such as ear size, total numbers of ear harvested per plot, ear damaged caused by insects or/and diseases. Ear aspect EAsp Maize streak virus severity Maize streak virus severity (MSV) severity. MSVSev Plant Maize streak virus severity CSCInc - Computation Divide the total number of CSC damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CRustSev - Estimation Observe common rust severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). GN Grain number Grain number. Grain number Observe head smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). HSmutSev - Estimation Polysora rust severity Leaf Polysora rust severity PpolySev Polysora rust (in lowlands Puccinia polysora) severity. Grain starch content Grain Starch content Whole-grain starch content. GStarch Count the number of plants that are affected by anthracnose leaf blight per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. ALBInc - Counting Sorghum downy mildew incidence DMSInc Plant Sorghum downy mildew incidence Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) incidence. Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SCMVInc - Counting ear/plant ERInc Ear rot incidence Ear rot incidence Ear rot incidence. Ear Divide the total number of PytSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. PytSRInc - Computation Plant uniformity uniformity Uniformity of plants. Plant PUnif PLSSev - Estimation Observe phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). RGlucose Glucose content Glucose content in the root. Root Root glucose content EN - Computation Compute number of ears using the formula. Ear position ratio Determine ear position using 1-3 scale. EPo - Estimation 1-11 Grain type scale Color of the endosperm. color EndoCol Endosperm color Endosperm Corn stunt complex (corn stunt spiroplasma, maize bushy stunt phytoplasma [= mycoplasma], maize rayado fino virus) incidence. Plant Corn stunt incidence Corn stunt incidence CSCInc Observe downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMSev - Estimation Downy mildew severity Downy mildews (several species of the genera Peronosclerospora, Sclerospora, and Sclerophthora) severity. Downy mildew severity DMSev Leaf Standard method for young leaf chlorophyll content. YLChl - Measurement Ear husk cover Ear husk cover HskCov Ear husk cover observed as degree of the husk covering the tip of the ear. Standard method for leaves ash content LAsh- Measurement UpESh Uppermost ear shape Uppermost ear shape Shape of uppermost ear whether cylindrical or cylindrical-conical or conical or round. EGrwR Ear Ear growth rate growth rate Growth rate of the ear(s) on a plant. It may include the sum of the apical and sub-apical ear growth from prolific plants. Ear EWid width Ear width Ear width. ELW - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf weight. Maize streak virus incidence Plant Maize streak virus incidence Maize streak virus incidence (MSV) incidence. MSVInc ABA - Measurement Standard method for abscisic acid content. Take same leaf measured for leaf length and measure mid-way along its length. LWid - Measurement kg/plot Color of the aleurone. AleuCol Aleurone color Aleurone color Cob glumes CobGlCol Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of cob glumes. Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration ng/g Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence. Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence FgramSRInc Plant Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence lb/bsh Leaf chlorophyll content. Chlorophyll content Chl Chlorophyll content Leaf Count the number of plants that are affected by mal de rio cuarto virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRCVInc - Counting Standard method for whole-grain iron content. GIron - Measurement MCob - Computation Divide the total number of Chupon plants by the total number of plants harvested. 1-5 Stem color scale Aspergillus ear rot severity AspERSev Aspergillus ear rot severity. Aspergillus ear rot severity Ear CT - Measurement Standard method for canopy temperature. Divide the total number of plants that are root lodged due to weak soil or poorly developed anchorage roots by the total number of plants that are harvested. RLodgInc - Computation Grain Whole-grain oil content. GOil Oil content Grain oil content Sen Senescence Leaf Leaf senescence. senescence Comparative ranking by farmers method Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ EndoProt - Measurement Standard method for endosperm protein content. Grain Lysine content GLys Whole-grain Lysine content. Lysine content Grain Observe the pericarp color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. PericCol - Estimation EndoLys - Measurement Standard method for endosperm lysin content. Standard method for photochemical radiation index. PRI - Measurement Anthesis silking interval. Anthesis silking interval Plant ASI anthesis silking interval Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity FmonERSev Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity Ear Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity. height to insertion of uppermost ear Plant EH Ear height Plant height from base to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear. Observe rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). RustSev - Estimation RGY - Computation Relative grain yield expressed as percentage of the mean grain yield of the trial. Values above 100% indicate above-average performance; values below 100% indicate below-average performance. BCLSSev Bacterial leaf stripe (Pseudomonas rubrilinians) severity. Leaf Bacterial leaf stripe severity Bacterial leaf stripe severity EarW Dry weight - Measurement Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and record weight. If at all possible, delay harvest of maize until its moisture content is low (15-25%). TslBN - Counting Standard method for tassel branches number. Standard method for tassel Anthocyanin coloration. TslAnCol - Estimation NIRS GTrp- Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain tryptophan content. Number of plants per unit area. Plant stand Plant stand PStand StrigaDmg - Estimation Observe the maize plant damage caused by striga per plot. Grain sucrose content Sucrose content Sucrose content in the grain GSucrose Grain Plant Busseola damage incidence Busseola incidence Busseola larvae incidence. BusseolaInc Stalk rot incidence SRInc Stalk rot incidence Stalk rot (multiple pathogens or an unidentified pathogen) incidence. Plant Anthocyanin coloration at base of tassel glumes. Anthocyanin coloration TslGlBCol Tassel glumes base Tassel glumes base Anthocyanin coloration Endosperm protein content EndoProt Endosperm Protein content in grain endosperm. Protein content 1-5 Leaf rolling severity scale PytSRInc Plant Pythium stalk rot incidence Pythium stalk rot incidence Pythium stalk rot (Pythium spp.) incidence. BCLSSev - Estimation Observe bacterial leaf stripe severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). TslGlAnCol - Estimation Standard method for glumes tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The measurement should exclude the bases of the glumes. CLSSev - Estimation Observe curvularia leaf spot severity on plants per plot based on the degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Canopy normalized difference vegetation index. Normalized difference vegetation index Plant normalized difference vegetation index NDVI Count the number of plants that are affected by stewart wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SteWiltInc - Counting height Plant height from the base to the top part (in reproductive stages to the top of the tassel). Plant Plant height PH Divide the total number of CSN damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CSmutInc - Computation Aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis) damage. AphDmg Plant Aphid damage Aphid damage Shelled cob Shelled cob weight Weight of shelled cob. ShellCobW weight or yield diameter Ear diameter EDia Ear Ear diameter measured at the central part of uppermost ear. Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence Plant Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) stalk rot incidence. StenSRInc Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence Date when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and record the date. Anthesis date - Estimation Measure sample weight of grains per plot after harvest, record dry weight of the same samples and calculate grain moisture content for each sample using formula: 100*(Wt of sample - Dry Weight)/Wt of sample. GMoi - Computation Maturity time. Plant Maturity time maturity time RLodgInc - Counting Count the number of plants that show root lodging and record data in filedbook. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. LCol color Color of the leaf. Leaf Leaf color Divide the total number of ALB damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. ALBInc - Computation NIRS method for whole-grain protein content. NIRS GProt- Measurement Iron content Grain iron content Grain Whole-grain iron content. GIron CT Canopy temperature. Canopy temperature canopy temperature Plant Root abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content RABA Root Abscisic acid content in the root. Relative to check - Computation Calculated as relative grain yield agaisnst the best check in percentage. Divide the total number of MSV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MSVInc - Computation Standard method for whole-grain Nitrogen content GNC - Measurement 1-3 Ear shape scale Count the plants that are affected by fusarium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FusSRInc - Counting Maize dwarf mosaic virus severity Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence DMVSev Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) severity. Plant ug/mg Silk length Silk SilkLng Silk length. length Plant DiatraeaDmg Diatraea damage Diatraea damage Plant damage caused by Diatraea species. 1-6 Grain upper surface shape scale BmaySev - Estimation Observe maydis leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). row/ear 1-4 Leaf erectness scale Standard method for cob tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The anthocyanin Anthocyanin colorationation should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. CobGlAnCol - Estimation cm Divide the total number of FgramSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. FgramSRInc - Computation Ear leaf length ELLng length Ear leaf (blade) length. Ear leaf BSDMInc - Computation Divide the total number of BSDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DiatraeaDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by Diatraea plot. Weight of ear leaf (blade). weight Ear leaf weight Ear leaf ELW Turcicum leaf blight severity EturcSev Leaf Turcicum leaf blight severity Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum = Helminthosporium turcicum) severity. Leaf Common rust severity CRustSev Severity of common rust ( Puccinia sorghi). Common rust severity NDVI - Measurement Optimum number of measurements: i) Vegetative stage: Weekly measurements from 2 to 6 weeks after planting; ii) Flowering: only for inbred lines. bad husk cover incidence Ears bad husk cover incidence. Ear bad husk cover incidence Ear BHskCovInc TslExer - Estimation Standard method for tassel exertion t/ha grain row number Grain row number GRN Number of grain rows in the central part of the uppermost ear. Ear Number of cobs Number Cob Cob number Divide the total number of BactSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. BactSRInc - Computation Whole-grain zinc content. GZinc Zinc content Grain zinc content Grain Adjusted GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. Density of spikelets. Tassel density density TslDen Tassel LodgInc - Estimation Scored for severity of lodging. Standard method for ear leaf chlorophyll content. ELChl - Measurement Late wilt incidence LateWiltInc Late wilt (Cephalosporium maydis) incidence. Plant Late wilt incidence Observe stenocarpella ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). SmaySev - Estimation The hosts ability to reduce the effect of infection on its fitness regardless of the level of disease pathogen multiplication ( Disease tolerance Disease Tolerance Plant Count the number of tillers per plant (average of more than 20 representative) plants. Tillering - Counting LodgInc Lodging incidence Plant Observation of lodging severity. lodging incidence Leaf Proline content Leaf proline content LProline Proline content in the leaf. Count the number of plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MSVInc - Counting AphDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by aphids per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Curvularia leaf spot (Curvularia spp.) severity. CLSSev Leaf Curvularia leaf spot severity Curvularia leaf spot severity Endosperm Lysine content Endosperm Lysine content in grain endosperm. Lysine content EndoLys MRCVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MRCV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. erectness Leaf erectness LErect Leaf Insertion angle of the leaves. photochemical radiation index Photochemical radiation index Plant Photochemical radiation index. A canopy reflectance index indicating photosynthetic radiation use efficiency. PRI Count total number of plants per plot. PStand - Counting Observe the variation of the intensity of a kernel/grain surface and score grain texture based on properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. GTex - Estimation Days to anthesis - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and score the number of days from sowing. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and anthesis date. Count the total number of emerged striga plants per plot. It is counted three times, 8 weeks, 10 weeks and 12 weeks after planting. StrigaPN - Counting Divide the total number of Psacch damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. PsacchInc - Computation Chilo damage Plant Chilo (Chilo partellus) damage. Chilo damage ChiloDmg Plant height to insertion of first tassel branch Plant height from the base to the insertion of the first tassel branch. Plant height to insertion of first tassel branch PHTslB FusERSev - Estimation Observe fusarium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Grain Abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content in the grain. Grain abscisic acid content GABA MSTVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize stripe virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Plant Plant vigor Plant vigor. vigor PVig Count the total number of ears harvested per plot/entry, excluding secondary ears that are extremely small. EHvst - Counting SdlngDisInc - Computation Divide the total number of SeedlingDis affected plants by the total number of plants harvested. Observation of ears with bad husk cover. BHskCovInc - Estimation CCI SilkGrwR - Computation Standard method for silk growth rate. Divide the total number of SteWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SteWiltInc - Computation Silk Anthocyanin coloration Silk SilkCol Anthocyanin coloration of stigmas. Anthocyanin coloration Damage of Striga hermonthica plants on maize plants. Striga damage Striga damage Plant StrigaDmg Observe the plants per plot with the leaves rolled. LRollSev - Estimation BwSpotSev Brown spot severity Brown spot severity Brown spot (Physoderma maydis) severity. Leaf Maturity date - Estimation Record the date when excised kernels are longitudinally cut to expose a black internal abscission layer at the base of the kernel that signals the kernel has ceased to absorb nutrients or moisture from the mother plants. Standard method for whole-grain tryptophan content. GTrp - Measurement 1-3 Ear position scale Common smut incidence Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae)incidence. Common smut incidence CSmutInc Plant GZinc - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain zinc content. Ranking:3 size Grain Seed size for target use/market Size of seeds matching demand for a use or a market Standard method for tassel type. TslTyp - Estimation Plant Brown stripe downy mildew (Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae) incidence. BSDMInc Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Harvest a mature upper ear and measure its weight EarW Individual - Measurement weight Grain Grain weight Grain weight of mature kernels. GW Silk growth rate Silk Growth rate of silk. growth rate SilkGrwR Fusarium ear rot severity. Fusarium ear rot severity FusERSev Ear Fusarium ear rot severity MSVSev - Estimation Observe the plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. OP - Measurement Standard method for osmotic potential. Plant HSmutInc Head smut incidence Head smut incidence Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) incidence. Grain width Grain GWid width Grain width. Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. FW GY - Computation Observe brown spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BwSpotSev - Estimation Weight of tassel branches. Tassel branch TslBW weight Tassel branch weight Divide the total number of EWDMG damaged ears by the total number of plants harvested. EWormInc - Computation Anthracnose leaf blight incidence Anthracnose leaf blight incidence ALBInc Plant Anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola) incidence. WeevInc - Estimation Score maize weevil damage on the plants per plot. LCol - Estimation Standard method for leaf color. Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the top of the tassel, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. PH - Measurement TslDen - Estimation Standard method for tassel density Common smut severity CSmutSev Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae) severity. Ear Common smut severity 1-5 Endosperm hardness scale Number of days required from seeding to grain ripening. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and maturity date. Days to maturity - Computation Maize bushy stunt severity Maize bushy stunt (caused by mycoplasma like organism, MLO) severity. CSCMSev Plant Maize bushy stunt severity DMJInc Java downy mildew incidence Plant Java downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis) incidence. Java downy mildew incidence GW Adjusted - Computation Compute grain weigh adjuted to 12.5% moisture. 1-5 rating scale PHTslB - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the insertion of the first tassel branch, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. Leaf length. length Leaf Leaf length LLng Standard method for leaf erectness LErect - Estimation Corn stunt spiroplasma severity Plant Corn stunt spiroplasma severity. Corn Spiroplasma stunt severity CSSSev Tryptophan content Endosperm EndoTrp Endosperm Tryptophan content Tryptophan content in grain endosperm. 1-5 Grain texture scale g Plant Stem borer damage includes different stem borers such as Chilo partellus, Sesamia spp. and Spodoptera. StBorDmg Stem borer damage Stem borer damage ShtPub - Estimation Standard method for sheath pubescence content. 1-5 Vigor scale PLSSev Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (Phaeosphaeria maydis) severity. Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity Leaf Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity EH - Measurement Recommended to take 6 alternating plants per plot and measure the height between the base of a plant to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear of the same plant, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. HSmutSev Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) severity. Plant Head smut severity Head smut severity 1-5 Anthocyanin coloration scale g/plot Standard method for whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. GVitA - Measurement BactSRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by bacterial stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Standard method for glucose content. Glucose - Measurement TRustSev - Estimation Observe tropical severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Tassel branch number Tassel branch TslBN number Number of branches on tassel. Grain glucose content Grain Glucose content GGlucose Glucose content in the grain. GProt - Computation Standard method for whole-grain protein content. % Protein = % of nitrogen x 6.25 Maize lethal necrosis severity Plant MLNSev Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) severity. Maize lethal necrosis severity EShape - Estimation Standard method for ear shape Observe maize lethal necrosis severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). MLNSev - Estimation Divide the total number of DMS damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMSInc - Computation pg/g HSmutInc - Computation Divide the total number of HSmut damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. mmol /m2/s 1-4 Ear shape scale Standard method for osmotic adjustment. OA - Measurement color Grain color Grain GCol Color of the grain. ASI - Computation Count number of days from planting date to anthesis and silking to determine days to anthesis (DTA) and days to silking (DTS), respectively and determine anthesis silking interval (ASI) by calculating: ASI = DTS-DTA. WI - Measurement Standard method for water index. Ear shape Ear EShape Ear shape shape yyyymmdd Ear leaf senescence time. Ear leaf senescence time ear leaf senescence time ELSen Plant color Stem color Color of the stem. StemCol Stem 1-5 Tassel opening scale Leaf rolling severity rolling severity Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Leaf LRollSev Count the number of plants that are affected by black bundle per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AstriInc - Counting BactSRInc Bacterial stalk rot incidence Bacterial stalk rot (Erwinia chrysanthemi) incidence. Bacterial stalk rot incidence Plant MRDVInc Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) incidence. Maize rough dwarf virus incidence Maize rough dwarf virus incidence Plant FmonSRInc - Counting Count the plants that are affected by fusarium moniliforme stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. GThk - Measurement Measure the thickness of the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. Observation of blasting severity of the tassel (necrosis due to heat stress) at the time of flowering. It occurs under extreme temperatures and drought. blasting severity Tassel blasting severity Tassel TslBlastSev Divide the total number of ears with bad husk cover by the total number of ears harvested. BHskCovInc - Computation Philippine downy mildew incidence Philippine downy mildew incidence PDMInc Philippine downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis) incidence. Plant Count the number of plants that are affected by maize rough dwarf virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRDVInc - Counting MSTVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MSTV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Observe aspergillus flavus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). AflavERSev - Estimation CharRInc Charcoal rot or (Macrophomina phaseolina) incidence. Plant Charcoal rot incidence Charcoal rot incidence mm Observe fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FmonERSev - Estimation Ear worm (Heliothis) damage. Earworm damage Ear EWormDmg Earworm damage MRDVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MRDV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. GW FW - Measurement CTMInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by CTM per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. 1-5 Tassel exertion scale CTMInc - Computation Divide the total number of CTM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. TSCSev - Estimation Observe tarspot complex severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Plant Mal de rio cuarto virus (MRCV) incidence. Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence MRCVInc Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity. FmonSRSev Plant Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence Plant FmonSRInc Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence. marketability Grain marketability Grain marketability refers to the commercial viability or attractiveness of a particular type of grain for sale in the agricultural market. Grain Use ear height and plant height data of the same plants per plot and calculate the ratio. Small values indicate low ear position; large values indicate high ear position. EPo - Computation Count the number of plants that are affected by DMJ per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMJInc - Counting EWormInc - Counting Count the number of ear damage caused by earworm per plot. lb/plot GTW - Computation Standard method for grain test weight. Record shelled cob field weight. ShellCobW - Measurement (duplicate) Count the total number of ears that damaged or/and rotten per plot. ERInc - Counting Leaf stomatal conductance Stomatal conductance SCond Stomatal conductance Leaf Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and record fresh (field) weight. FW GY - Measurement Tar spot complex severity Leaf Tar spot complex (Phyllachora maydis, Monographella maydis) severity. Tar spot complex severity TSCSev Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence Plant Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) incidence. SCMVInc Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence CobGlCol - Estimation Standard method for cob tassel color. The anthocyanin coloration should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. uF Observe the plants that are damaged by any fungal diseases. FungDis - Estimation Observe shape of uppermost ear. UpESh - Estimation Comparison with local Performance of a maize variety with the local variety Comparison with local Plant EDia - Measurement Measure, when applicable, ear diameter at the central part of uppermost ears of at least 20 representative plants per accession. pubescence Sheath pubescence Sheath Presence and intensity of hairs on the surface of the leaf sheath. ShtPub NIRS method for oil content NIRS GOil - Measurement Grain protein content GProt Protein content Whole-grain protein content. Grain 1-3 Cob color scale Ear Ear damage Ear damage caused by ear rot and/or insects, etc. Ear damage EDmg Army worm damage Army worm damage Army worm (syn. Spodoptera exempta) damage. AWormDmg Plant ppb Divide the total number of FmonSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. FmonSRInc - Computation Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) incidence. Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence DMVInc Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Plant Tassel exertion TslExer exertion Tassel Tassel exertion. Anthesis time Ant Anthesis time. Plant anthesis time Germination rate is calculated by dividing the number of seeds that sprout by the total number of seeds started, and then multiplying that number by 100 to get a percentage. Germination Grain Germination rate Standard method for glumes base tassel Anthocyanin coloration. TslGlBAnCol - Estimation 1-9 Grain color scale Standard method for proline content. Proline - Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain ash content NIRS GAsh - Measurement test weight GTW Grain Grain test weight of mature kernels. Grain test weight Standard method for silk length. SilkLng - Measurement Ash content Whole-grain ash content. Grain Grain ash content GAsh TslSiz - Estimation Score the tassels based on size using 1-3 categorical scale. LSucrose Sucrose content in the leaf Leaf sucrose content Sucrose content Leaf GLys - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain lysin content. Leaf Gray leaf spot severity Gray leaf spot severity Gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) severity. GLSSev g/200grain Ear leaf senescence date - Computation Record date when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Count the number of plants that are affected by brown stripe downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. BSDMInc - Counting GAsh - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain ash content Anthocyanin coloration AntCol Anther Anther Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of anthers. PHvst - Counting Count the total number of plants harvested per plot/entry. Divide the total number of DMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMVInc - Computation Divide the total number of CharRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CharRInc - Computation Score the plants per plot combining several agronomical and morphological characters of plants such plant height, ear height, stem/root loading. Note: Combination of traits usually differ from one breeder to another depending on type of study. PAsp - Estimation SdlngDisInc - Counting Count the seedling that are affected by seedling diseases per plot. AleuCol - Estimation Observe the aleurone color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. 1-5 WeevDmgInc scale g/1000grain Grain Aflatoxin content Grain Aflatoxins content produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatox Aflatoxin content Observe GLS severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). GLSSev - Estimation DiabroticaDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by Diabrotica per plot. GOil - Measurement Standard method for oil content LGBDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by large grain borer per plot GProline Proline content in the grain. Proline content Grain proline content Grain GWLostWeev - Measurement Seed weight loss was determined using the count and weight method of Gwinner et al (1996). Weight loss (%) = (Wu x Nd) - (Wd x Nu) x 100 / Wu x (Nd + Nu) where Wu=weight of the undamaged seed, Nu = number of undamaged seed, Wd = Weight of damaged seed, and Nd=Number of damaged seed. Proline content Proline content in the root. Root Root proline content RProl Plant Stewarts wilt incidence SteWiltInc Stewart wilt (Erwinia stewartii) incidence. Stewarts wilt incidence branch AspERSev - Estimation Observe aspergillus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). kg/ha Count the total number of plants that are affected by corn stunt complex per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CSCInc - Counting TslBlastSev - Estimation Standard method for tassel blasting. NIRS Moi - Measurement Measure moisture of a grain sample using NIRS moisture analyzer. Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity AflavERSev Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity. Ear day Measure the leaf which subtends the uppermost ear from ligule to apex. LLng - Measurement HskCov - Estimation Observe the ears hask cover and rate it. method_of FW GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. 1-3 Tassel branching type scale Standard method for silk Anthocyanin coloration. SilkAnCol - Estimation index Aflatox - Measurement Standard method for aflatoxin content. ProvitaminA content Whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. Grain provitaminA content GVitA Grain FusSRInc Plant Fusarium stalk rot incidence. Fusarium stalk rot incidence Fusarium stalk rot incidence Growing degree days to maturity - Computation Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and maturity. Incidence of multiple cobs, as plants that have multiple ears arising from a single node. Plant Multiple cob incidence multiple cob incidence MCob PVig - Estimation Standard method for plant vigor Chlorophyll content Ear leaf Chlorophyll content in the ear leaf. ELChl Ear leaf chlorophyll content Ear shelling ratio Observe plants carefully and record date when 50% of plants within a plot area have silks visible (female flowering date). This is determined on a daily basis by counting the number of plants with at least one silk extruded divided by the total number of plants in the plot. Silking date - Estimation Standard method for root capitance. RootCapac - Measurement Sen - Estimation Observe dead leaf area per plant/plot and rate. EndoHard - Estimation Determine quality of endosperm such as hardness in the lab and use 1-5 to scale to score it. Fungal disease presence Fungal disease presence Plant The trait is scored for the response to the diseases caused by several fungi. FungDis LateWiltInc - Computation Divide the total number of LateWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Observe the shape of the upper surface of grain, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession, after harvest. GUpSSh - Estimation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. Dry weight basis GY - Computation AntAnCol - Estimation Standard method for tassel anthers Anthocyanin coloration. The observation should be made in the middle third of the main branch on fresh anthers. PHFL Plant height to ligule of the flag leaf Plant height to ligule of the flag leaf Plant height from the base to the ligule of the flag leaf. SRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. aspect Plant aspect Plant Qualitative observation of plant ideotype. In another word, it rates characteristics such as plant and ear height, uniformity of plants, disease and insect damage, and lodging. PAsp Observe banded leaf and sheath blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BLSBSev - Estimation Grain storability refers to the ability of grains to remain viable and maintain their quality over a period of time when stored under a given condition. Grain storability storability Grain Maize rayado fino virus incidence Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) incidence. MRFVInc Plant Maize rayado fino virus incidence Standard method for ear growth rate. EGrwR - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. DW GY - Computation 1-5 Standard germination scale Crazy top downy mildew incidence Plant CTMInc Crazy top (Sclerophthora macrospora) incidence. Crazy top downy mildew incidence Measured with a portable porometer. Take the measures in the middle between leaf tip and leaf base, and in between leaf midrib and leaf rim. Blade sections measured must to be exposed to sunlight for at least the 30 minutes before. Measurements always performed in the same side of the leaf (usually the lower or abaxial one). One measurement per leaf, and at least 3 per plot. 1 min per measurement. SCond - Measurement tiller/plant Count the number of ears. EN - Counting Plant Pest tolerance The hosts ability to reduce the effect of damages on its fitness regardless of the level of pest pathogen multiplication ( Pest tolerance StenSRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by stenocarpella stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on ears per plot based on degree of infection. FgramERSev - Estimation AstriInc - Computation Divide the total number of ASTRI damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. GWid - Measurement Measure on the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. 1-3 density scale EWid - Measurement Meaure ear width. Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried ears. EarW Field weight - Measurement WeevN - Counting Standard method for maize weevil number in a sample. Weevils were counted only once (at the end of a 45-d incubation period) Earworm incidence EWormInc Earworm incidence Ear Ear worm (Heliothis) incidence. MRFVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MRFV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. DW GY - Measurement CSmutInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by the common smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRFVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize bushy stunt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Maize stripe virus incidence Maize stripe virus (MSTV) incidence. MSTVInc Maize stripe virus incidence Plant Count the number plants that are damaged by busseola (african stem borer) per plot. BusseolaInc - Counting Count the plants that are affected by fusarium graminearum stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FgramSRInc - Counting Loss of weight of the grain samples caused by weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) feeding during a given period of incubation. Grain Grain weight loss by maize weevil GWLostWeev weight loss by maize weevil Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants silk. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and silking date. DTS - Computation SLodgInc - Counting Count the number of plants with the stem lodged. The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Whole-grain Tryptophan content. Tryptophan content GTrp Grain Grain Tryptophan content Count the number of plants that are affected by pythium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PytSRInc - Counting scale_of g/plant/day Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Count the number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and ear leaf senescence date. Days to ear leaf senescence date - Computation EndoTrp - Measurement Standard method for endosperm tryptophan content. Tassel size size Tassel size. TslSiz Tassel Standard method for tassel branches dry weight. TslBW - Measurement Count the number of plants that are affected by philippine downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PDMInc - Counting PUnif - Estimation Standard method for plant uniformity weevil Count the number of plants that have more than one ear growing from the same node. MCob - Counting Chl - Measurement Measured with a portable chlorophyll meter (e.g. SPAD). Take the average measure from leaves of six alternating plants and use always leaves of similar insertion level. Plant Water index water index A ratio between the reflectance at a water band wavelength to a nearby reference wavelength where there is no absorption due to water content variability. WI 1-5 Aleurone color scale Tillering tillering Number of tillers per plant. Plant Tillering cm/day Divide the total number of ears that are rotten by the total number of plants that are harvested. ERInc - Computation variable_of