3 moderately (50% ) damaged PsacchInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GTex_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GGlucose_M_ugmg CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SilkAnCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LGBDmg_E_1to5 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GABA_M_ugg CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslBN_Ct_branch CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LateWiltInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT 5 41-50% dead leave area CIMMYT GRN_Ct_rowear Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla acronym semi erect 2 Mat_Date_ymd CIMMYT MD Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SteWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 8 71-80% dead leave area LProline_M_ugg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCMSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GWid_M_mm CIMMYT CIMMYT DTA Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Ant_DT_day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SilkLng_M_cm CIMMYT GOil_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GVitA_M_µgg Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LodgInc_E_1to5 CIMMYT AstriInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ERInc_Ct_earPlot CIMMYT CIMMYT SCond_M_mmolm2s Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 severly infested DMJInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GRArr_E_1to4 CIMMYT bronze 2 AbStr_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT GY_RelChk_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HSmutSev_E_pct GY_FW_lbPlot Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GxE Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonSRSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT FusSRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SmaySev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_Adj_g200grn CIMMYT EHvst_Ct_earPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslTyp_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoCol_E_1to6 CIMMYT CompLoc_CompRank_Bl3 not severely rolled leaves 4 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT EWormDmg_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla medium 5 5 soft and opaque grains RustSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RustSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BactSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT weak 2 1 absent or very weak DTS Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Silk_DT_day CIMMYT TslSiz_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FungDis_E_text PLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PVig_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AstriInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT CTMInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_DW_g200grn 200KW Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BCLSSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslDen_E_1to3 MatT_CompRank_BL3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BmaySev_E_1to9 CIMMYT PericCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT CSmutSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EPo_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla very strong 5 StrigaPN_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PDMInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BusseolaDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AntAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT yellow 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramSRInc_Cmp_pct AntAnCol_E_1to2 CIMMYT GProt_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLSBSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT CRustSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ChiloDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla brown 4 CIMMYT AnthesisGDU Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Ant_Cmp_Cday GrStor_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EW_FW_kgPlot CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PLSSev_E_1to9 SCMVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CRustSev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRFVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EDia_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GxE EWid_M_mm FmonERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSVSev_E_1to5 Sen_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 0 no dead leaf area CIMMYT CobGlCol_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BactSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_DW_kgPlot CIMMYT GY_FW_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LWid_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ELChl_M_CCI CIMMYT 7 strong other 5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_Adj_kgha MLNSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSTVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AntAnCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GAsh_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT UpESh_E_1to4 SD Silk_Date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT FgramERSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BCLSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TGW GW_DW_g1000grn CIMMYT TKW 1000KW Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SdSizUse_compRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MaturityGDU CIMMYT Mat_Cmp_Cday SteWiltInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GrMark_CompRank_Bl3 RustSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GSucrose_M_umolg CIMMYT 0 absent 4 poor germination (11-29%) OvPerf_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT TSCSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GMoi_Cmp_pct AleuCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BHskCovInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Gcol_CompRank_Bl3 MSTVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RABA_M_ngg CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CharRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MRCVInc_Cmp_pct GW_Adj_g100grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ERInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT medium 3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLSSev_E_1to9 FmonSRSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PstTol_CompRank_Bl3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PHTslB_M_cm 6 orange EN_Ct_earPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 straight 1 clean, no damage Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EturcSev_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT TslBlastSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GUpSSh_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PytSRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StrigaDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LRollSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StenSRInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AspERSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla WI_M_idx CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BmaySev_E_pct medium infection 5 TslGlAnCol_E_1to2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BusseolaInc_Ct_plntPlot TslGlAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT ELSenD ELSen_Date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT PERSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT OP_M_Mpa Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LateWiltInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT CRustSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRDVInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT PERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BSDMInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT GY_Adj_tha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GABA_M_pgg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Mat_DT_day DTM Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla very vigorous 1 SdlngDisInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_DW_tha CIMMYT GNC_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT PLSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BHskCovInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LSucrose_M_mgg CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSSSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT TslGlAnCol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 100KW GW_DW_g100grn 2 very low infection Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_Adj_g1000grn attribute low to moderate level of blasting 2 green 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FgramERSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_Rank_number CIMMYT CharRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Highest rank 1 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT CTMInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MCob_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla slightly (20%) damaged 2 CIMMYT CSCMSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla drooping 4 8 strong to very strong Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PHFL_M_cm CIMMYT 1 very compact GmRt_CompRank_Bl3 SRInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Sen_E_0to10 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla OA_M_Mpa CIMMYT BwSpotSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GProt_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTrp_M_pct CIMMYT StemCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla weak 3 pop 7 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoHard_E_1to5 CIMMYT GLng_CompRank_Bl3 DMSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GOil_M_pct semi-flint 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LAsh_M_pct CIMMYT GW_FW_g1000grn Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla severely rolled leaves, undesirable 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla WeevInc_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslAnCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRFVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MSVInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT CT_M_C Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla RSucrose_M_ngug Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GGlucose_M_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DsTol_CompRank_Bl3 TRustSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ELW_M_g Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoLys_M_pct CIMMYT CSCInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonSRInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT rounded 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EndoTrp_M_pct 3 purple 2 good germination (70-89%) 3 semi horizontal green 2 4 low to medium infection Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LSucrose_M_umolg 1 hard and transparent grains CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BCLSSev_E_1to5 GTW_M_lbbsh Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GxE Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla YLChl_M_CCI CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LLng_M_cm PRI_M_idx Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EAsp_E_1to5 CIMMYT ShellCobW_FW_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EH_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSmutInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Tillering_Ct_tllrplnt CIMMYT intermediate 3 3 mixed 2 cream Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ALBInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PpolySev_E_1to9 3 Lowest rank 4 variegated CIMMYT SdlngDisInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSSev_E_pct FungDis_E_0to1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HSmutInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT 2 Middle rank ALBInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT TslGlBAnCol_E_1to9 GY_CompRank_Bl3 CLSSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT CLSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MLNSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 intermediate germination (30-69%) Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AflavERSev_E_1to5 3 normal CIMMYT Aflatox_M_ppb Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 6 flint 2 intermediate 3 medium Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EturcSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSucrose_M_umolg BLSBSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla NDVI_M_idx CIMMYT 1 100% Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HSmutSev_E_1to9 BmaySev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLng_M_mm CIMMYT normal 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EW_DW_kgPlot Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSSSev_E_pct 5 postrate 1 regular CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_tha ELSen_DT_day DTELSen Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSCMSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT HSmutInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT purple 4 TslOpen_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GThk_M_mm CIMMYT CIMMYT GStarch_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MCob_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslGlBAnCol_E_1to5 EW_M_gear Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT GCol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 6 medium to high infection Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusERSev_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT GSucrose_M_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla semi-soft and semi-opaque grains 4 EWormInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT excellent germination (90-100%) 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_FW_kgha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GIron_M_ppm 2 short 4 reddish red 3 PERSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 sparse Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AWormDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMSInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT 1 conical floury 1 flint 1 GAsh_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 Highest rank DMJInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BHskCovInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ShtPub_E_1to3 CIMMYT GProline_M_mgg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CobNb_CompRank_Bl3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TRustSev_E_1to9 very short 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PAsp_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GY_RGY_pct CIMMYT 4 weak to medium CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla BSDMInc_Ct_plntPlot RProl_M_ugg Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SmaySev_E_1to5 PUnif_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT lax 1 RLodgInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Shell_Cmp_ratio Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TslBW_DW_g CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TslExer_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SCMVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GTrp_NIRS_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonSRSev_E_1to5 2 sun red colorless 1 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ELng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMVInc_Ct_plntPlot RootCapac_M_uF Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CSmutSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla pale yellow 3 level 3 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FusERSev_E_1to9 desirable 3 dark green 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MRCVInc_Ct_plntPlot TSCSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla white 1 high infection 7 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLys_M_pct CIMMYT GrTast_CompRank_Bl3 CIMMYT MLNSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LErect_E_1to4 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Chl_M_CCI 11-20% dead leaf area 2 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla FmonERSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EGrwR_Cmp_gplntday MSVInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 Middle rank AphDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MSVSev_E_1to9 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 yellow erect 1 intermediate grain hardness 3 1 colorless Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PpolySev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PpolySev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT DMSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TRustSev_E_pct Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AspERSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PHvst_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT SdlngVig_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 moderate level of blasting CIMMYT ASI_Cmp_day Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Shell_Cmp_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EShape_E_1to3 2 vigorous good 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_FW_gPlot 5 very weak 5 very poor germination (0-10%) 2 slightly (20%) infested CIMMYT CSmutSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GW_FW_g100grn CIMMYT BwSpotSev_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 3 21-30% dead leaf area 4 Significantly (70%) damaged GY_DW_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLSBSev_E_pct large 1 1 low ear position 1 no blasting CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla HskCov_E_1to5 CIMMYT PytSRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT EW_FW_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla cylindrical 1 CIMMYT ELLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla very weak to weak 2 moderately susceptible, disease symptoms covering up to 50% 3 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SmaySev_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HSmutSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FusERSev_E_1to5 PH_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 open 4 purple Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GZinc_M_ppm Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BwSpotSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT EturcSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EN_Cmp_earplnt Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla pointed 5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EWormInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DMSev_E_1to5 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AflavERSev_E_1to9 spiral 4 EPo_Cmp_ratio Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT cylindrical 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla SLodgInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CSSSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GMoi_NIRS_pct CIMMYT DiabroticaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla EndoProt_M_pct CIMMYT medium to strong 6 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLSSev_E_pct CIMMYT StdGerm_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT GN_Cmp_grnplnt Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 61-70% dead leave area 7 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla AflavERSev_E_pct 1 unrolled strong 4 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramSRInc_Ct_plntPlot 4 weak 4 Significantly (70%) infested Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LABA_M_ngg cylindrical-conical 2 AD Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Ant_Date_ymd 9 81-90% dead leave area entity CIMMYT TslGlBAnCol_E_1to2 other 5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_FW_g200grn CIMMYT AspERSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 4 moderate to high level of blasting compact 2 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GTyp_E_1to11 1 no infection 2 ear around mid-plant 9 severe infection GY_DW_kgha Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WeevN_Ct_weevil CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 31-40% dead leaf area 4 resistant, disease symptoms covering up to 20% 2 SilkGrwR_Cmp_cmday Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT very high level of blasting 5 RLodgInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT present 2 1 light green 2 grayyish white CIMMYT SRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmonSRInc_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 5 very poor 8 very high infection 2 irregular 2 light purple CIMMYT PStand_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla DMVSev_Ct_plntPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT white cap 8 4 susceptible, disease symptoms covering upto 70% absent 1 AWornDmg_CompRank_Bl3 1 1-10% dead leaf area CIMMYT StBorDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 2 conical-cylindrical white 1 51-60% dead leave area 6 DiatraeaDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla ShellCobW_FW_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT dense 3 1 excellent Opaque 2/QPM 9 3 conical primary-secondary-tertiary 3 2 semi-floury (morocho), with an external layer of hard endoseprm. 5 highly (>80%) damaged 5 dent red 3 MSVSev_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GLSSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla MRDVInc_Cmp_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla dent 3 CIMMYT Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla TSCSev_E_1to9 6 white cap 1 primary red 3 4 poor 5 brown PsacchInc_Ct_plntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla 9 red long 4 2 95% 9 very strong orange 5 Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla GxE ELng_M_mm 1 white CobGlAnCol_E_1to9 CIMMYT present 1 brown 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla PDMInc_Cmp_pct Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GWLostWeev_Cmp_pct 3 low infection absent 1 strongly pointed 6 dark purple 3 Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla LAsh_NIRS_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla StenSRInc_Cmp_pct no infestation 1 3 high ear position RGlucose_M_ngug Kate Dreher; Rosemary Shrestha; Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 small 3 moderately (50% ) infested Semi-dent, intermediate between dent and flint but closer to dent 4 4 semi-dent 3 intermediate indented 2 semi open 3 7 mottled dense 3 5 Semi-flint, flint with a soft cap round 4 highly resistant, clean no (%) infection 1 MAIZE ontology 2 semi-hard and semi-transparent grains turgid leaves 2 very long 5 sweet 8 2 secondary Lowest rank 3 5 purple 2 medium shrunken 1 5 highly susceptible, disease symptoms covering >80% g/plot g/1000grain Observe the shape of the upper surface of grain, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession, after harvest. GUpSSh - Estimation Number of ears harvested. harvested number EHvst Ear harvested number Ear Count the number of plants that are affected by maize bushy stunt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRFVInc - Counting MSTVInc Maize stripe virus (MSTV) incidence. Maize stripe virus incidence Maize stripe virus incidence Plant Grain GTyp type Type of grain. Grain type 1-5 Leaf rolling severity scale 1-5 disease scoring scale TslSiz - Estimation Score the tassels based on size using 1-3 categorical scale. Observe stenocarpella ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). SmaySev - Estimation Crazy top (Sclerophthora macrospora) incidence. Plant Crazy top downy mildew incidence CTMInc Crazy top downy mildew incidence Mpa Observe banded leaf and sheath blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BLSBSev - Estimation ear leaf senescence time ELSen Ear leaf senescence time Ear leaf senescence time. Plant Determine quality of endosperm such as hardness in the lab and use 1-5 to scale to score it. EndoHard - Estimation Grain Seed size for target use/market size Size of seeds matching demand for a use or a market kg/plot Color of the pericarp. Pericarp Pericarp color PericCol color Seed weight loss was determined using the count and weight method of Gwinner et al (1996). Weight loss (%) = (Wu x Nd) - (Wd x Nu) x 100 / Wu x (Nd + Nu) where Wu=weight of the undamaged seed, Nu = number of undamaged seed, Wd = Weight of damaged seed, and Nd=Number of damaged seed. GWLostWeev - Measurement Stalk rot incidence SRInc Stalk rot incidence Stalk rot (multiple pathogens or an unidentified pathogen) incidence. Plant Seedling disease incidence. Seedling disease incidence Seedling disease incidence Plant SdlngDisInc Grain weight loss by maize weevil Loss of weight of the grain samples caused by weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) feeding during a given period of incubation. GWLostWeev weight loss by maize weevil Grain Grain yield yield Grain yield per unit area, either field weight basis, dry weight basis or adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. GY Grain The trait is scored for the response to the diseases caused by several fungi. Plant Fungal disease presence FungDis Fungal disease presence CSmutSev Common smut severity Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae) severity. Common smut severity Ear FmonSRSev - Estimation Observe fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Maydis leaf blight severity Maydis leaf blight severity Leaf BmaySev Maydis leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis = Helminthosporium maydis) severity. TRustSev - Estimation Observe tropical severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Shape of the upper surface of grain. GUpSSh upper surface shape Grain Grain upper surface shape Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of stigmas. Silk SilkCol Silk Anthocyanin coloration Sucrose - Measurement Standard method for sucrose content. 1-3 Cob color scale Ear grain rows arrangement. Ear GRArr Grain row arrangement grain row arrangement MSVSev - Estimation Observe the plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. RLodgInc - Counting Count the number of plants that show root lodging and record data in filedbook. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. uF Plant Striga damage Striga damage StrigaDmg Damage of Striga hermonthica plants on maize plants. Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SCMVInc - Counting scale_of Protein content in grain endosperm. EndoProt Protein content Endosperm Endosperm protein content DMVSev - Estimation Observe maize dwarf mosaic virus severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Standard method for cob tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The anthocyanin Anthocyanin colorationation should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. CobGlAnCol - Estimation color Endosperm EndoCol Color of the endosperm. Endosperm color Plant uniformity Uniformity of plants. Plant uniformity PUnif weight Ear leaf Ear leaf weight ELW Weight of ear leaf (blade). TslOpen - Estimation Standard method for tassel opening ELng - Measurement Measure, when applicable, ear length of at least 20 representative plants per accession, record the data in the fieldbook. Proline content LProline Leaf Proline content in the leaf. Leaf proline content Ear growth rate Growth rate of the ear(s) on a plant. It may include the sum of the apical and sub-apical ear growth from prolific plants. EGrwR Ear growth rate Standard method for whole-grain lysin content. GLys - Measurement EShape - Estimation Standard method for ear shape height to insertion of uppermost ear EH Ear height Plant Plant height from base to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear. Observe the maize plant damage caused by striga per plot. StrigaDmg - Estimation Standard method for oil content GOil - Measurement Text PStand - Counting Count total number of plants per plot. EDia - Measurement Measure, when applicable, ear diameter at the central part of uppermost ears of at least 20 representative plants per accession. opening Tassel opening Tassel angle. Tassel TslOpen 1-5 Anthocyanin coloration scale Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Plant Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence DMVInc Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) incidence. Divide the total number of ears that are rotten by the total number of plants that are harvested. ERInc - Computation Weight of mature upper ear, including cob and kernels, and at a defined moisture content, although often this is not provided. weight Ear Ear weight EW Standard method for leaves ash content LAsh- Measurement GW DW - Measurement Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. Chilo damage Plant Chilo damage Chilo (Chilo partellus) damage. ChiloDmg Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Nitrogen content Grain GNC Grain Nitrogen content StrigaPN - Counting Count the total number of emerged striga plants per plot. It is counted three times, 8 weeks, 10 weeks and 12 weeks after planting. % EndoTrp Tryptophan content in grain endosperm. Tryptophan content Endosperm Tryptophan content Endosperm 1-5 damage scoring scale PHTslB - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the insertion of the first tassel branch, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. PpolySev - Estimation Observe polysora rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). height to insertion of first tassel branch Plant height from the base to the insertion of the first tassel branch. PHTslB Plant height to insertion of first tassel branch Plant The hosts ability to reduce the effect of infection on its fitness regardless of the level of disease pathogen multiplication ( Plant Disease Tolerance Disease tolerance Tassel blasting severity blasting severity Observation of blasting severity of the tassel (necrosis due to heat stress) at the time of flowering. It occurs under extreme temperatures and drought. TslBlastSev Tassel 1-4 Grain row arrangement scale MCob - Counting Count the number of plants that have more than one ear growing from the same node. cm EndoLys - Measurement Standard method for endosperm lysin content. CLSSev - Estimation Observe curvularia leaf spot severity on plants per plot based on the degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). EHvst - Counting Count the total number of ears harvested per plot/entry, excluding secondary ears that are extremely small. ASI - Computation Count number of days from planting date to anthesis and silking to determine days to anthesis (DTA) and days to silking (DTS), respectively and determine anthesis silking interval (ASI) by calculating: ASI = DTS-DTA. TslExer Tassel exertion Tassel exertion Tassel exertion. FW GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. StemCol - Estimation Observe the stem color between the two topmost ears. FusERSev - Estimation Observe fusarium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). kg/ha ChiloDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by chilo per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Harvest ears per plot (eliminate first and last plants to avoid border effects) and score ear aspect combining several ear-associated traits. Note: Combination of traits usually differs from one breeder to another depending on type of study. EAsp - Estimation Observe the ears hask cover and rate it. HskCov - Estimation Grain width Grain GWid width Grain width. Tassel branch number Number of branches on tassel. TslBN Tassel branch number Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. GW FW - Measurement BusseolaInc - Counting Count the number plants that are damaged by busseola (african stem borer) per plot. husk cover HskCov Ear Ear husk cover observed as degree of the husk covering the tip of the ear. Ear husk cover Seedling SdlngVig Seedling vigor vigor Seedling vigor. Observe the ears damage caused by ear rot and/or insects per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. EDmg - Estimation Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity. Ear Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity FmonERSev Fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity TslGlBAnCol - Estimation Standard method for glumes base tassel Anthocyanin coloration. GProt - Computation Standard method for whole-grain protein content. % Protein = % of nitrogen x 6.25 Maize lethal necrosis severity MLNSev Maize lethal necrosis severity Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) severity. Plant osmotic potential OP Plant A measure of the potential of water to move between regions of differing concentrations across a water-permeable membrane. Osmotic potential BSDMInc Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Plant Brown stripe downy mildew (Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae) incidence. Brown stripe downy mildew incidence Insertion angle of the leaves. LErect Leaf Leaf erectness erectness LLng Leaf length. Leaf length length Leaf Chl - Measurement Measured with a portable chlorophyll meter (e.g. SPAD). Take the average measure from leaves of six alternating plants and use always leaves of similar insertion level. EarW Dry weight - Measurement Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and record weight. If at all possible, delay harvest of maize until its moisture content is low (15-25%). 1-5 Leaf color scale Divide the total number of PDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. PDMInc - Computation Plant BactSRInc Bacterial stalk rot incidence Bacterial stalk rot (Erwinia chrysanthemi) incidence. Bacterial stalk rot incidence Standard method for grain number. GN - Computation Observe common smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CSmutSev - Estimation NIRS method for oil content NIRS GOil - Measurement FgramERSev - Estimation Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on ears per plot based on degree of infection. EarW Individual - Measurement Harvest a mature upper ear and measure its weight Downy mildew severity Downy mildews (several species of the genera Peronosclerospora, Sclerospora, and Sclerophthora) severity. DMSev Downy mildew severity Leaf Standard method for tassel blasting. TslBlastSev - Estimation Comparative ranking by farmers method Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Fusarium ear rot severity. Fusarium ear rot severity FusERSev Fusarium ear rot severity Ear Standard method for sheath pubescence content. ShtPub - Estimation Ear damage Ear Ear damage Ear damage caused by ear rot and/or insects, etc. EDmg GNC - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain Nitrogen content Count the total number of ears with bad husk cover. BHskCovInc - Counting Brown spot severity BwSpotSev Brown spot severity Brown spot (Physoderma maydis) severity. Leaf Divide the total number of CSN damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CSmutInc - Computation Standard method for plant uniformity PUnif - Estimation Count the number of ears. EN - Counting SCMVInc Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) incidence. Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence Sugarcane mosaic virus incidence Plant Plant aspect PAsp Qualitative observation of plant ideotype. In another word, it rates characteristics such as plant and ear height, uniformity of plants, disease and insect damage, and lodging. Plant aspect Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection. CSSSev - Estimation Observe sorghum downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). DMSSev - Estimation Grain Grain glucose content GGlucose Glucose content Glucose content in the grain. Standard method for water index. WI - Measurement Grain Maize weevil number in Grain The number of maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) hatching and emerging from an infested grain sample within a given period. Large values indicate susceptibility to grain weevils, small values indicate partial resistance to grain weevils. Maize weevil number WeevN Maize streak virus incidence (MSV) incidence. MSVInc Plant Maize streak virus incidence Maize streak virus incidence Leaf EturcSev Turcicum leaf blight severity Turcicum leaf blight severity Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum = Helminthosporium turcicum) severity. StBorDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by stem borer per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. 1-9 Anthocyanin coloration scale color Color of the leaf. Leaf color LCol Leaf 1-5 rating scale ear/plant 1-3 density scale TslBN - Counting Standard method for tassel branches number. Black bundle incidence Black bundle incidence Black bundle (Acremonium strictum) incidence. AstriInc Plant Observe color of grains. GCol - Estimation Lysine content Endosperm Endosperm Lysine content Lysine content in grain endosperm. EndoLys Grain abscisic acid content Grain Abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content in the grain. GABA Grain color GCol Grain color Color of the grain. StemCol Stem color Stem color Color of the stem. PERSev - Estimation Observe penicillium ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Observe plants carefully and record date when 50% of plants within a plot area have silks visible (female flowering date). This is determined on a daily basis by counting the number of plants with at least one silk extruded divided by the total number of plants in the plot. Silking date - Estimation Cob sucrose content CSucrose Sucrose content in the cob Cob Sucrose content Grain number. number GN Grain Grain number cm/day Number of grain rows in the central part of the uppermost ear. Grain row number Ear grain row number GRN BSDMInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by brown stripe downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Ear bad husk cover incidence Ears bad husk cover incidence. bad husk cover incidence BHskCovInc Ear Number of tillers per plant. tillering Tillering Tillering Plant Grain Whole-grain Tryptophan content. Tryptophan content GTrp Grain Tryptophan content plant/plot tiller/plant Grain marketability refers to the commercial viability or attractiveness of a particular type of grain for sale in the agricultural market. Grain marketability Grain marketability PRI - Measurement Standard method for photochemical radiation index. Count the number of plants that are affected by late wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. LateWiltInc - Counting Gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) severity. GLSSev Gray leaf spot severity Gray leaf spot severity Leaf Ear leaf (blade) length. ELLng length Ear leaf Ear leaf length Standard method for glucose content. Glucose - Measurement Ash content in maize leaves. Leaf Leaf ash content Ash content LAsh MRDVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MRDV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Ant Plant Anthesis time anthesis time Anthesis time. GAsh - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain ash content Stenocarpella ear rot severity Ear Stenocarpella ear rot severity Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) ear rot severity. SmaySev Divide the total number of DMS damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMSInc - Computation HSmutSev - Estimation Observe head smut severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Stomatal conductance Leaf stomatal conductance Stomatal conductance Leaf SCond SdlngDisInc - Counting Count the seedling that are affected by seedling diseases per plot. Ear number. number Ear number Ear EN Chlorophyll content Leaf chlorophyll content. Chl Chlorophyll content Leaf 0-1 absent-present scale Ranking:3 Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity. AflavERSev Aspergillus flavus ear rot severity Ear Tillering - Counting Count the number of tillers per plant (average of more than 20 representative) plants. Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity. Ear FgramERSev Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity Fusarium graminearum ear rot severity GWid - Measurement Measure on the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. Observe the plant damage caused by army worms per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AWormDmg - Estimation Taste of the grain (after cooking? Raw?) Grain Grain taste taste Observe maydis leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BmaySev - Estimation Weight of shelled cob. ShellCobW Shelled cob weight Shelled cob weight or yield YLChl - Measurement Standard method for young leaf chlorophyll content. Calculated as relative grain yield agaisnst the best check in percentage. Relative to check - Computation Density of spikelets. Tassel Tassel density TslDen density Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence Mal de rio cuarto virus (MRCV) incidence. MRCVInc Mal de rio cuarto virus incidence Plant yyyymmdd MRCVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MRCV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Aflatoxin content Grain Aflatox Grain Aflatoxins content produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin content Pest tolerance Pest tolerance Plant The hosts ability to reduce the effect of damages on its fitness regardless of the level of pest pathogen multiplication ( Divide the total number of FgramSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. FgramSRInc - Computation EndoHard Endosperm Endosperm hardness. hardness Endosperm hardness Grain WeevInc Maize weevil incidence Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) incidence on grain. Maize weevil incidence Cob glumes color Cob glumes color Color of the cob glumes. CobGlCol 1-9 disease scoring scale Standard method for standard germination StdGerm - Estimation SRInc - Computation Divide the total number of SRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Standard method for ear leaf weight. ELW - Measurement 1-3 Plant uniformity scale AstriInc - Computation Divide the total number of ASTRI damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Anthocyanin coloration of cob glumes. Cob glumes CobGlCol Cob glumes Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration Compute number of ears using the formula. EN - Computation Rank number Leaf abscisic acid content Abscisic acid content in the leaf. Abscisic acid content LABA Leaf CCI Measure sample weight of grains per plot after harvest, record dry weight of the same samples and calculate grain moisture content for each sample using formula: 100*(Wt of sample - Dry Weight)/Wt of sample. GMoi - Computation ALBInc Plant Anthracnose leaf blight incidence Anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola) incidence. Anthracnose leaf blight incidence 1-5 Endosperm hardness scale 1-5 Tassel exertion scale Plant Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence. Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence FgramSRInc Fusarium graminearum stalk rot incidence Standard method for earworm damage measured in cm of feeding. 0 - no ear damage, 1 - 1 cm, + 1 for each additional cm of feeding EWormDmg - Measurement PLSSev - Estimation Observe phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Days to ear leaf senescence date - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Count the number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and ear leaf senescence date. Protein content GProt Grain Whole-grain protein content. Grain protein content Grain sucrose content Sucrose content Sucrose content in the grain Grain GSucrose Anther AntCol Anther Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of anthers. Anthocyanin coloration MSTVInc - Computation Divide the total number of MSTV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and record fresh (field) weight. FW GY - Measurement EWid - Measurement Meaure ear width. NIRS method for whole-grain ash content NIRS GAsh - Measurement Standard method for endosperm tryptophan content. EndoTrp - Measurement Count the number of plants that are affected by sorghum downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. DMSInc - Counting SLodgInc Stem lodging incidence. The plants that show stem lodging, i.e. those stems that are broken below the ear. stem lodging incidence Stem lodging incidence Plant PDMInc Philippine downy mildew incidence Philippine downy mildew incidence Plant Philippine downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis) incidence. TslTyp Tassel branching type Branching type of tassel. branching type Tassel 1-3 Tassel density scale BLSBSev Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Banded leaf and sheath blight severity Leaf Banded leaf and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii) severity. DMSev - Estimation Observe downy mildew severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). TslBW - Measurement Standard method for tassel branches dry weight. AleuCol Aleurone color Aleurone color Color of the aleurone. lb/bsh CSmutInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by the common smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Tar spot complex (Phyllachora maydis, Monographella maydis) severity. Tar spot complex severity TSCSev Tar spot complex severity Leaf 1-5 Tassel blasting severity scale Common rust severity Common rust severity Leaf CRustSev Severity of common rust ( Puccinia sorghi). Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. Dry weight basis GY - Computation g/200grain GZinc Zinc content Whole-grain zinc content. Grain zinc content Grain 1-5 WeevDmgInc scale Standard method for leaf color. LCol - Estimation Root lodging incidence root lodging incidence Root lodging incidence. The plants that show root lodging, i.e. those stems that are inclining by more than 45¡. RLodgInc Plant EWormInc - Counting Count the number of ear damage caused by earworm per plot. Silk growth rate SilkGrwR growth rate Silk Growth rate of silk. ppm Observe the aleurone color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. AleuCol - Estimation Grain texture as a measure of the variation on the intensity of a surface, quantifying properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. Grain texture Grain texture GTex Record the date when excised kernels are longitudinally cut to expose a black internal abscission layer at the base of the kernel that signals the kernel has ceased to absorb nutrients or moisture from the mother plants. Maturity date - Estimation MRCVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by mal de rio cuarto virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. 1-5 Aleurone color scale AspERSev - Estimation Observe aspergillus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CRustSev - Estimation Observe common rust severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Plant Plant damage caused by Busseola larvae. BusseolaDmg Busseola damage Busseola damage GIron - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain iron content. Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and maturity. Growing degree days to maturity - Computation 1-9 Grain color scale Sucrose content Leaf sucrose content LSucrose Leaf Sucrose content in the leaf Standard method for tassel exertion TslExer - Estimation Silking time Silking time. Plant silking time Silk Ear shape Ear shape EShape Ear shape pg/g ProvitaminA content Whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. GVitA Grain Grain provitaminA content Root glucose content Glucose content Root RGlucose Glucose content in the root. MSVSev Plant Maize streak virus severity Maize streak virus severity Maize streak virus severity (MSV) severity. Observe the plant damage caused by Diabrotica per plot. DiabroticaDmg - Estimation stand Number of plants per unit area. Plant Plant stand PStand Determine ear position using 1-3 scale. EPo - Estimation Count the number of plants that are affected by maize streak virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MSVInc - Counting Striga Striga plant number StrigaPN Plant number Number of Striga hermonthica plants. Relative grain yield expressed as percentage of the mean grain yield of the trial. Values above 100% indicate above-average performance; values below 100% indicate below-average performance. RGY - Computation 1-5 Standard germination scale Standard method for maize weevil number in a sample. Weevils were counted only once (at the end of a 45-d incubation period) WeevN - Counting Observe GLS severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). GLSSev - Estimation Shelling ratio Shell The ratio of grain to total ear weight. Ear shelling ratio Ear OA - Measurement Standard method for osmotic adjustment. Standard germination Grain StdGerm Standard germination Standard germination. Rank: 3 Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Comparative ranking by users method Grain Grain length length GLng Grain length. Observe bacterial leaf stripe severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BCLSSev - Estimation 1-3 size scale PHvst - Counting Count the total number of plants harvested per plot/entry. Abiotic stress tolerance The hosts ability to reduce the effect of stress on its fitness regardless of the level of abiotic stress (flood, drought, …) applied Plant Abiotic stress tolerance Number of cobs Number Cob Cob number GYRank - Computation It is calculated as the numerical position of the progeny when yields are arrenged from highest to lowest. Standard method for glumes tassel Anthocyanin coloration. The measurement should exclude the bases of the glumes. TslGlAnCol - Estimation MLNSev - Estimation Observe maize lethal necrosis severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). Stem borer damage StBorDmg Stem borer damage includes different stem borers such as Chilo partellus, Sesamia spp. and Spodoptera. Plant Stem borer damage GW Adjusted - Computation Compute grain weigh adjuted to 12.5% moisture. EWormDmg Earworm damage Ear worm (Heliothis) damage. Earworm damage Ear Plant Aphid damage Aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis) damage. AphDmg Aphid damage Corn Spiroplasma stunt severity CSSSev Plant Corn stunt spiroplasma severity Corn stunt spiroplasma severity. Tassel size size TslSiz Tassel size. Tassel Charcoal rot incidence Plant Charcoal rot incidence Charcoal rot or (Macrophomina phaseolina) incidence. CharRInc Maturity time Plant maturity time Maturity time. Observe turcicum leaf blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). EturcSev - Estimation g UpESh shape Uppermost ear Uppermost ear shape Shape of uppermost ear whether cylindrical or cylindrical-conical or conical or round. Ear diameter measured at the central part of uppermost ear. diameter EDia Ear Ear diameter Tassel Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration of tassel. Tassel TslCol Busseola larvae incidence. Busseola incidence Busseola damage incidence BusseolaInc Plant Corn stunt incidence Corn stunt complex (corn stunt spiroplasma, maize bushy stunt phytoplasma [= mycoplasma], maize rayado fino virus) incidence. Plant Corn stunt incidence CSCInc Incidence of multiple cobs, as plants that have multiple ears arising from a single node. Multiple cob incidence Plant MCob multiple cob incidence ng/µg Divide the total number of FusSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. FusSRInc - Computation Osmotic adjustment OA Osmotic adjustment as ability of the plant to adjust the osmotic potential under stress conditions. osmotic adjustment Plant Ear Ear length ELng length Ear length. DMVSev Maize dwarf mosaic virus severity Plant Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) severity. Proline - Measurement Standard method for proline content. variable_of Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence Stenocarpella stalk rot incidence StenSRInc Plant Stenocarpella (=Diplodia) stalk rot incidence. TslAnCol - Estimation Standard method for tassel Anthocyanin coloration. GZinc - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain zinc content. Fusarium stalk rot incidence Plant Fusarium stalk rot incidence Fusarium stalk rot incidence. FusSRInc Penicillium ear rot severity. PERSev Penicillium ear rot severity Penicillium ear rot severity Ear Germination rate Grain Germination rate is calculated by dividing the number of seeds that sprout by the total number of seeds started, and then multiplying that number by 100 to get a percentage. Germination Plant Plants ability to thrive, adapt, and produce desired outcomes in a given environment or context. Overall performance Overall performance NIRS GTrp- Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain tryptophan content. EndoCol - Estimation Observe the endosperm color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. Maize bushy stunt severity CSCMSev Maize bushy stunt (caused by mycoplasma like organism, MLO) severity. Plant Maize bushy stunt severity Anthesis silking interval ASI Anthesis silking interval. anthesis silking interval Plant GRArr - Estimation Observe grain row arrangement in the harvested ears and rate 1-4 categorical scale. Diabrotica damage Plant Diabrotica damage Plant damage caused by Diabrotica species. DiabroticaDmg Divide the total number of BSDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. BSDMInc - Computation ng/g 1-5 Stem color scale Large grain borer damage Grain Large grain borer damage LGBDmg Large grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) damage. Bacterial leaf stripe severity Bacterial leaf stripe (Pseudomonas rubrilinians) severity. Bacterial leaf stripe severity BCLSSev Leaf 1-2 absent-present scale SilkGrwR - Computation Standard method for silk growth rate. Standard method for abscisic acid content. ABA - Measurement YLChl Chlorophyll content in the young leaf. Young leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Young leaf FW GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. Grain moisture GMoi Grain moisture. Grain moisture content Observe the plants that are damaged by any fungal diseases. FungDis - Estimation Observe maize busy stunt severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). CSCMSev - Estimation Plant vigor vigor Plant Plant vigor. PVig TRustSev Tropical rust severity Leaf Tropical rust (Physopella zeae) severity. Tropical rust severity SCMVInc - Computation Divide the total number of SCMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Adjusted GY - Computation Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area adjusted to 12.5% grain moisture. Grain starch content Whole-grain starch content. GStarch Grain Starch content Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. DW GY - Measurement 1-4 Leaf erectness scale ELChl Ear leaf chlorophyll content Ear leaf Chlorophyll content in the ear leaf. Chlorophyll content Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried ears. EarW Field weight - Measurement Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (Phaeosphaeria maydis) severity. Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity PLSSev Phaeosphaeria leaf spot severity Leaf 1-4 Ear shape scale Grain GLys Grain Lysine content Lysine content Whole-grain Lysine content. CT - Measurement Standard method for canopy temperature. FusSRInc - Counting Count the plants that are affected by fusarium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Observe the plant damage caused by large grain borer per plot LGBDmg - Estimation Recommended to take 6 alternating plants per plot and measure the height between the base of a plant to the insertion of the top (uppermost) ear of the same plant, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. EH - Measurement Aflatox - Measurement Standard method for aflatoxin content. Standard method for plant vigor PVig - Estimation TSCSev - Estimation Observe tarspot complex severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). ELLng - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf length. LLng - Measurement Measure the leaf which subtends the uppermost ear from ligule to apex. Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence. Plant Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence FmonSRInc Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot incidence Score the grains based on grain characters such as floury, dent per plot. GTyp - Estimation mmol /m2/s Measure the thickness of the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. GThk - Measurement CTMInc - Computation Divide the total number of CTM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Count the number of plants that are affected by pythium stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PytSRInc - Counting Standard method for endosperm protein content. EndoProt - Measurement OP - Measurement Standard method for osmotic potential. WeevInc - Estimation Score maize weevil damage on the plants per plot. Observe rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). RustSev - Estimation BactSRInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by bacterial stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. g/plant/day Standard method for whole-grain tryptophan content. GTrp - Measurement ug/g HSmutInc - Computation Divide the total number of HSmut damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. StenSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of StenSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. AstriInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by black bundle per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants silk. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and silking date. DTS - Computation Divide the total number of CSC damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CSCInc - Computation ¡C MSTVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize stripe virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. WI water index Plant Water index A ratio between the reflectance at a water band wavelength to a nearby reference wavelength where there is no absorption due to water content variability. EPo Ear position as a ratio of ear height to plant height. Ear Ear position position GTW Grain test weight of mature kernels. test weight Grain test weight Grain Leaf RustSev Rust severity Multiple rust pathogens severity. Rust severity lb/plot Sucrose content Root RSucrose Sucrose content in the root. Root sucrose content EPo - Computation Use ear height and plant height data of the same plants per plot and calculate the ratio. Small values indicate low ear position; large values indicate high ear position. NIRS Moi - Measurement Measure moisture of a grain sample using NIRS moisture analyzer. Maize rough dwarf virus incidence Maize rough dwarf virus incidence Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) incidence. MRDVInc Plant GStarch - Measurement Standard method for whole-grain starch content. Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity FmonSRSev Plant Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity. Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity day t/ha SLodgInc - Counting Count the number of plants with the stem lodged. The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Divide the total number of MRFV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MRFVInc - Computation HSmutInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by head smut per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. ug/mg Maize rayado fino virus incidence Maize rayado fino virus incidence Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) incidence. Plant MRFVInc Canopy normalized difference vegetation index. NDVI Plant Normalized difference vegetation index normalized difference vegetation index PAsp - Estimation Score the plants per plot combining several agronomical and morphological characters of plants such plant height, ear height, stem/root loading. Note: Combination of traits usually differ from one breeder to another depending on type of study. 1-5 Tassel opening scale 1-3 Ear shape scale ALBInc - Computation Divide the total number of ALB damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Silk length Silk SilkLng Silk length. length Grain Grain weight Grain weight of mature kernels. weight GW canopy temperature Canopy temperature. CT Canopy temperature Plant Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the top of the tassel, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. PH - Measurement g/100grain PsacchInc Sugarcane downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sacchari) incidence. Sugarcane downy mildew incidence Sugarcane downy mildew incidence Plant Sorghum downy mildew incidence Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) incidence. Sorghum downy mildew incidence Plant DMSInc Count the number of plants that are affected by sugarcane downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PsacchInc - Counting ¡C day 1-5 Vigor scale Count the number of plants that are affected by stenocarpella stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. StenSRInc - Counting Leaf LRollSev rolling severity Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Leaf rolling severity Java downy mildew incidence Java downy mildew incidence Java downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis) incidence. DMJInc Plant 1-6 Endosperm color scale 1-3 Tassel branching type scale Shell - Computation Use formula to calculate ear sheeling ratio. Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis. DW GY - Computation Polysora rust (in lowlands Puccinia polysora) severity. Polysora rust severity Polysora rust severity Leaf PpolySev ear/plot Count the number of plants that are affected by philippine downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. PDMInc - Counting AspERSev Ear Aspergillus ear rot severity. Aspergillus ear rot severity Aspergillus ear rot severity SLodgInc - Computation Divide the total numbers of plants with lodged stems by number of plants harvested. 1-5 Pericarp color scale NIRS method for leaves ash content NIRS LAsh - Measurement Iron content Whole-grain iron content. Grain iron content Grain GIron Count the number of plants that are affected by stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SRInc - Counting LErect - Estimation Standard method for leaf erectness senescence Sen Leaf senescence. Leaf Senescence Ear position ratio Common smut incidence CSmutInc Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae)incidence. Common smut incidence Plant 0-10 Senescence scale 1-11 Grain type scale LateWiltInc - Computation Divide the total number of LateWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Observe fusarium moniliforme ear rot severity on plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). FmonERSev - Estimation Ear aspect Observation of harvested ears based on some morphological and agronomical characters such as ear size, total numbers of ear harvested per plot, ear damaged caused by insects or/and diseases. aspect Ear EAsp Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products ​ Ranking of phenotypes based on field observations/on testing of food products Proline content Proline content in the grain. Grain proline content Grain GProline Root capacitance RootCapac capacitance Estimation of root mass at the end of the stress using an electrical capacitance meter. Root EWid Ear width. Ear width Ear width LRollSev - Estimation Observe the plants per plot with the leaves rolled. EWormInc Earworm incidence Earworm incidence Ear Ear worm (Heliothis) incidence. Plant Plant height to ligule of the flag leaf Plant height from the base to the ligule of the flag leaf. PHFL height to ligule of the flag leaf Lodging incidence Observation of lodging severity. LodgInc lodging incidence Plant Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) severity. Head smut severity Head smut severity HSmutSev Plant Observe dead leaf area per plant/plot and rate. Sen - Estimation Performance of a maize variety with the local variety Comparison with local Plant Comparison with local AntAnCol - Estimation Standard method for tassel anthers Anthocyanin coloration. The observation should be made in the middle third of the main branch on fresh anthers. index Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and put grains in a paper bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried grain. DW GY - Measurement FmonSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of FmonSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Standard method for grain test weight. GTW - Computation Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) incidence. Head smut incidence HSmutInc Head smut incidence Plant DMVInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by maize dwarf mosaic virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. branch Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) severity. DMSSev Sorghum downy mildew severity Sorghum downy mildew severity Plant PytSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of PytSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SdlngDisInc - Computation Divide the total number of SeedlingDis affected plants by the total number of plants harvested. NIRS GProt- Measurement NIRS method for whole-grain protein content. Observe aspergillus flavus ear rot severity on the harvested ears per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). AflavERSev - Estimation Observation of ears with bad husk cover. BHskCovInc - Estimation Anthesis date - Estimation Date when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and record the date. Days to anthesis - Computation Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and score the number of days from sowing. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and anthesis date. RLodgInc - Computation Divide the total number of plants that are root lodged due to weak soil or poorly developed anchorage roots by the total number of plants that are harvested. Late wilt incidence LateWiltInc Late wilt (Cephalosporium maydis) incidence. Plant Late wilt incidence 1-3 Ear position scale 1-5 Grain texture scale SilkAnCol - Estimation Standard method for silk Anthocyanin coloration. PsacchInc - Computation Divide the total number of Psacch damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. Number of days required from seeding to grain ripening. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and maturity date. Days to maturity - Computation Root proline content RProl Root Proline content in the root. Proline content Count the plants that are affected by fusarium moniliforme stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. FmonSRInc - Counting Army worm damage AWormDmg Army worm damage Army worm (syn. Spodoptera exempta) damage. Plant Count the number of plants that are affected by maize rough dwarf virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. MRDVInc - Counting LWid - Measurement Take same leaf measured for leaf length and measure mid-way along its length. Grain thickness Thickness of the grain. Grain GThk thickness Record date when 50% of the plants have a dry ear leaf. Ear leaf senescence date - Computation FgramSRInc - Counting Count the plants that are affected by fusarium graminearum stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CLSSev Curvularia leaf spot (Curvularia spp.) severity. Curvularia leaf spot severity Leaf Curvularia leaf spot severity Standard method for whole-grain pro-vitaminA content. GVitA - Measurement umol/g Ear rot incidence Ear rot incidence. ERInc Ear rot incidence Ear Tassel branch TslBW Weight of tassel branches. Tassel branch weight weight weevil 1-6 Grain upper surface shape scale mm Root abscisic acid content Root RABA Abscisic acid content in the root. Abscisic acid content Plant height from the base to the top part (in reproductive stages to the top of the tassel). Plant height Plant PH height Scored for severity of lodging. LodgInc - Estimation Observe brown spot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). BwSpotSev - Estimation ALBInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by anthracnose leaf blight per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. Observe shape of uppermost ear. UpESh - Estimation Divide the total number of MSV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. MSVInc - Computation DMJInc - Computation Divide the total number of DMJ damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. GLng - Measurement Average of 10 consecutive grains from one row in the middle of the uppermost ear, measured with calliper. EWormInc - Computation Divide the total number of EWDMG damaged ears by the total number of plants harvested. ShellCobW - Measurement (duplicate) Record shelled cob field weight. Sheath pubescence Presence and intensity of hairs on the surface of the leaf sheath. Sheath pubescence ShtPub DMJInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by DMJ per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SilkLng - Measurement Standard method for silk length. GCol - Estimation Count total number of grain rows in the ear. Divide the total number of Chupon plants by the total number of plants harvested. MCob - Computation ERInc - Counting Count the total number of ears that damaged or/and rotten per plot. LWid Leaf Leaf width. Leaf width width RootCapac - Measurement Standard method for root capitance. Plant PRI photochemical radiation index Photochemical radiation index Photochemical radiation index. A canopy reflectance index indicating photosynthetic radiation use efficiency. BHskCovInc - Computation Divide the total number of ears with bad husk cover by the total number of ears harvested. NDVI - Measurement Optimum number of measurements: i) Vegetative stage: Weekly measurements from 2 to 6 weeks after planting; ii) Flowering: only for inbred lines. CSCInc - Counting Count the total number of plants that are affected by corn stunt complex per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. ppb PHFL - Measurement Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height between the base of a plant to the ligule of the flag leaf, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average. CobGlCol - Estimation Standard method for cob tassel color. The anthocyanin coloration should be observed on the middle third of the uppermost cob, after the removal of some of the grains. Oil content Grain oil content Whole-grain oil content. GOil Grain row/ear method_of PericCol - Estimation Observe the pericarp color, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession. Grain storability refers to the ability of grains to remain viable and maintain their quality over a period of time when stored under a given condition. storability Grain storability Grain BactSRInc - Computation Divide the total number of BactSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. GTex - Estimation Observe the variation of the intensity of a kernel/grain surface and score grain texture based on properties such as smoothness, coarseness and regularity of the grain. Count the number of plants that are affected by CTM per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CTMInc - Counting mg/g ELChl - Measurement Standard method for ear leaf chlorophyll content. TslTyp - Estimation Standard method for tassel type. Standard method for tassel density TslDen - Estimation Standard method for ear growth rate. EGrwR - Computation Plants harvested havested number PHvst Number of plants harvested per unit area. Plant SCond - Measurement Measured with a portable porometer. Take the measures in the middle between leaf tip and leaf base, and in between leaf midrib and leaf rim. Blade sections measured must to be exposed to sunlight for at least the 30 minutes before. Measurements always performed in the same side of the leaf (usually the lower or abaxial one). One measurement per leaf, and at least 3 per plot. 1 min per measurement. TslGlBCol Tassel glumes base Anthocyanin coloration Anthocyanin coloration at base of tassel glumes. Tassel glumes base Anthocyanin coloration Grain ash content Whole-grain ash content. Ash content Grain GAsh Count the number of plants that are affected by stewart wilt per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. SteWiltInc - Counting Count the number of plants that are affected by charcoal rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. CharRInc - Counting Growing degree days to anthesis - Computation Calculated as growing-degree units or growing degree days between sowing and 50% anthesis. Stewart wilt (Erwinia stewartii) incidence. SteWiltInc Stewarts wilt incidence Stewarts wilt incidence Plant Plant Diatraea damage Diatraea damage Plant damage caused by Diatraea species. DiatraeaDmg Divide the total number of CharRot damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. CharRInc - Computation Divide the total number of SteWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. SteWiltInc - Computation PytSRInc Pythium stalk rot (Pythium spp.) incidence. Pythium stalk rot incidence Plant Pythium stalk rot incidence Divide the total number of DMV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. DMVInc - Computation DiatraeaDmg - Estimation Observe the plant damage caused by Diatraea plot. Observe the plant damage caused by aphids per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. AphDmg - Estimation Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration Tassel glumes Anthocyanin coloration TslGlCol Anthocyanin coloration of tassel glumes excluding the bases of the glumes. Ear shelling ratio grain/plant