CIMMYT BM_g_pl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_M_gPlnt CIMMYT WI_index WI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_pct__AUDPC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBAUDPC_Calc_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Mat_relat_1to5 RELTMT RELTMT_1_5 CIMMYT NupE_Calc_kgkgN JIC Luzie U Wingen 79 70% plant height affected, 90% coverage S Strong (S) 70% plant height affected, 30% coverage 73 RsecaSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RSECA_00_99__SEV CIMMYT EGRAM_1_5__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EgramInc_E_1to5 CIMMYT RSOLA_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RsolaInc_E_0to9pct VS very short (VS) 1 very low GLUD1_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluD1_M_text heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf tip (Y) Y EgramInc_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EGRAM_1_9__INC CIMMYT GNDVI_M_Idx GNDVI_index CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RLESDMG_pct RLNDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RARSb_M_Idx RARSb_index CIMMYT 3 PRECO_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PrecoSdlgResp_E_0to8 22 20% plant height affected, 20% coverage CIMMYT EGRAM_0_5__INC EgramInc_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RSpkGP_Calc_pct CIMMYT light moderate LM CIMMYT GrndCov_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNDCOV_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Amax_M_umolCO2m2s2 7 dense CIMMYT NWI4_M_Idx NWI4_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPROUTTOL _1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SproutTol_E_1to9 CIMMYT GluB1_M_text GLUB1_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRI_index CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRI_M_Idx 24 Tillering, Main shoot and 4 Tillers Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount3_pct CIMMYT purple P semi-spreading (SS) SS 90% (33.3% occupied by uredia) 90 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKILL_pct WKill_E_pct Anet_M_umolCO2m2s2 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_pct__SPKINC FHBSpkInc_E_pct CIMMYT 1 white DTH DAYSHD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Hd_dto_day DTH_days HEAD CIMMYT 0 absent PlntVig_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLNTVIG_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BYD_pct BYDInc_E_pct CIMMYT EMERDATE EMERD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT EDATE Emer_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EMERD Emergence date CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafPSSRa_M_Idx PEDGLAU_0_9 CIMMYT PedGlau_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Lodg_E_0to9pct LODG_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Ripening, Overripe, straw dead and collapsing 94 FNIVLB_pct__INC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FnivLBInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TANSPOT_00_99__SEV TanSpotSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT CIMMYT FmLA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Prostrate (P) P GLys_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla immune, no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection (0) I LeafR750R700_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT STRIT_pct__INC CIMMYT StritInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HSATIL_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HsatiLSev_E_00to99 susceptible (S), pycnidial density greater than 40% S GRNH20_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GMoi_E_pct SpkLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPKLNG_cm CIMMYT 20% plant height affected, 30% coverage 23 CIMMYT WMFLRCOL_b_value WMFlrCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 80% plant height affected, 60% coverage 86 CIMMYT SuPDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SUPDMG _1_5 SNO_spk_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SN_Calc_Spksm2 CIMMYT 80% (29.6% occupied by uredia) 80 0 absent Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FROSTDMGP_1_9 CIMMYT FrostDmg_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTTS CIMMYT TSpl_dto_day DTTS_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CookSdF_M_Idx COKSDF_index CIMMYT 20% anther extrusion 2 20% (7.4% occupied by uredia) 20 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Wsurv_E_pct GFILLPERIOD_thermal_time GFPTT_Calc_Cday JIC Luzie U Wingen Branched 2 TINDI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TindiInc_E_pct CIMMYT 40% plant height affected, 10% coverage 41 TTIB_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT intermediate 5 CIMMYT PgramCI_Calc_pct PGRAM_pct__CI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafPSSRb_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SALTOL _1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SaltTol_E_1to9 FgramSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LRollSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 80 80 DTB_days DTB CIMMYT BOOT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Boot_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SIPI_index SIPI_M_Idx BirdDmg_E_pct CIMMYT BIRDDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_0_12__SEV CIMMYT PstriSev_E_0to12 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 moderate Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DR DTDR CIMMYT DRidge_dto_day DTDR_days 8 moderate to high Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLNTSTND_pl_plot CIMMYT PlntStnd_Ct_PlntPlot FmDA_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GHrd_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNHRD_pct tolerant 8 CIMMYT AlvIe_Calc_pct ALVIe_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 8 very high Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRFN _s FlrFN_M_s CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RUE_Calc_gMJ CIMMYT GLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 4 low to moderate CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla INFERTNO_tll_m2 InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_M_m CIMMYT PH_m CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HNECRO_0_1 HNecro_E_0to1 CIMMYT ATRIT _1_8__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AtritResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EgramInc_E_pct CIMMYT EGRAM_pct__INC purple to black 3 CIMMYT PstriNote_E_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_text CIMMYT CROPGRWRATE_g_m2_day CropGrwRate_Calc_gm2day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FrostDmg_E_pct CIMMYT FROSTDMGP_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SnailDmg_E_pct SNAILDMG_pct CIMMYT StmWSC_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STEMWSC_pct CIMMYT FHB_1_8__SPKRESP FHBSpkResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 trace (T) CIMMYT NWI2_M_Idx NWI2_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GProt_NIRS_pct CIMMYT GRNPROT_pct CIMMYT TKW Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TGW GW_M_g1000grn THOUWT TGW_g 1 unrolled, turgid JIC Luzie U Wingen BMNUtE_Calc_kgkgN Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CGR_Calc_gm2day CIMMYT 29 Tillering, Main shoot and 9 or more Tillers 89 Late hard dough (difficult to dent) 85 Dough development, Soft dough (firm, thumbnail mark not held) CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrwCls_E_1to3 GROWTHCLS_1_3 67 60% plant height affected, 70% coverage Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafR750R550_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HavenDmg_E_pct HAVEN_pct Ripening, Seed not dormant 97 CHL_CCI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Chl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLEAFA _cm2 CIMMYT FLeafA_M_cm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUTYP_1_5 GluTyp_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT SpkTyp_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 3 low PRECO_pct__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoSev_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT TESTWT_g_l TestWt_M_gl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TestWt_M_kghl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TESTWT_kg_hl BlkPtInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BLKPT_0_9 CIMMYT RCERE_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RcereInc_E_0to9 10% plant height affected, 50% coverage 15 LRollInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHB_0_5__SPKRESP CIMMYT FHBSpkResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla T1BL1RS_0_1 T1BL1RS_M_0to1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 43 40% plant height affected, 30% coverage CIMMYT AnthExt_E_pct Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 3 medium PRECO_pct__CI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoCI_Calc_pct CIMMYT GLMLNG_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GlmLng_M_mm CIMMYT DRD DRD_yyyymmdd DRidge_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVPL_index CIMMYT AlvPL_Calc_Idx MgrisSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT resistant (R), average pycnidial density of 5-15% R 9 90% plants with broken straw R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules AGBMNitr_M_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmWSC_Atrone_pct CIMMYT 2 very low Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLeafLWid_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBDON_M_ppm CIMMYT FHB_ppm__DON PEDPBD_0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PedPubDen_E_0to9 CIMMYT PhordSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHORD_pct__SEV GCol_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNCOL_1_3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HtereSev_E_pct CIMMYT HtereInc_E_pct CIMMYT HTERE_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_index__SPLINC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSplInc_Calc_Idx attribute CIMMYT FGRAM_0_5__RESP FgramResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GAmyloPec_M_pct CIMMYT GluD3_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUD3_text CIMMYT TNO_tll_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TN_Ct_Tllrm2 CIMMYT RARSc_index RARSc_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPLSPK SplN_Ct_SplSpk spikelets/spike Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPLSPK_num CIMMYT PRECO_1_8__ADLTRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT 1 PHPRP_1_8__RESP PherpResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrwHabit_E_1to5 GHABIT_1_5 CIMMYT GFP_calc_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GFILLPERIOD_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT H2ODMG _0_9 WtrLoggDmg_E_0to9 intermediate to high damage 6 AVLG_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AlvG_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GHrd_M_1to5 HRDCLS_1_5 CIMMYT moderate M AphDmg_E_pct APHDMG_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla no disease 00 10 10 moderate (M) M sparse 2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriSdlgResp_E_0to8 PSTRI_0_8__SEEDRESP very low to low 2 StrawYld_E_tha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass6_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SedIdx_M_mlpct SEDINDX_ml_pct CIMMYT very good (VG) 8 8 high to very high damage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RepP_Calc_pct REPPERIOD_pct CIMMYT 92 90% plant height affected, 20% coverage CIMMYT RELTPH_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_E_1to5 CIMMYT FHBSplInc_Ct_SplInfect Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_num__SPLINC CIMMYT AwnCol_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RachLng_M_mm CIMMYT moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some clorosis possible MS CIMMYT AwnLng_M_cm AWNLNG _cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FNIVLB_00_99__SEV FnivLBSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 26 Tillering, Main shoot and 6 Tillers Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SpkPI_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GYFac_Calc_num YLDFAC_num CIMMYT GLUB3_text CIMMYT GluB3_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_PctChk_pct YLDCHECK_pct SepSpResp_E_1to5 CIMMYT SEPSP_1_5__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HI_Calc_Idx HI_index hard (H) H HailDmg_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HAILDMG_1_5 HailDmg_E_1to5 Luzie U Wingen JIC GNUP_Calc_kgha GSize_ScreenMass2_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT InsectDmg_E_pct INSECTDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNYLD_g_pl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_M_gPlnt CIMMYT 4 Purple 0 no visible infection (0) CIMMYT PLNTSTND_pl_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PlntStnd_Ct_Plntm CIMMYT RNDVI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RNDVI_index Good 1 42 40% plant height affected, 20% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmPubDen_E_0to9 GLMPUBDEN _0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLOTGRNYLD_g GY_M_gPlot CIMMYT 90% plant height affected, 10% coverage 91 NPQI_index CIMMYT NPQI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ColdTol_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla COLDTOL_pct AWNS_0_1 Awns_E_0to1 JIC Luzie U Wingen 3 solid stem softened with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem 8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNPROT_pct GProt_Kjl_pct CIMMYT Luzie U Wingen JIC GFILLRATE_thermal_time GFRTT_Calc_gCday 8 good to very good (G-VG) CIMMYT FHBGInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_pct__GRNINC JIC Luzie U Wingen STRNUP_Calc_kgha TllrGW_M_g CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrnIron_M_mgkg GRNIRON_mg_kg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DroughtTol_E_pct DROUGHTTOL_pct CIMMYT CPYGM_pct CIMMYT SawflyDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MIXTIM_min Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MixTim_M_min CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TSD TSpl_date_ymd TSD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT NODENO _num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NodeNO_Ct_node CIMMYT CIMMYT AlvPG_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVPG_index CIMMYT PHORD_1_9 PhordInc_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT STMCOND_mmol_m2_s StomaCond_M_mmolm2s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafPubLng_M_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFPUBLNG _um susceptible 2 1 1% (0.37% occupied by uredia) 7 high CIMMYT TTM_calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 Luzie U Wingen NUE_Calc_kgkgN Nitrogen use efficiency JIC CIMMYT GCID_M_delta13C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRAINCID_delta CIMMYT ETR_M_?molm2s1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GHrd_M_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HRDCLS_1_4 4 moderate (M) FoLA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRN_pct JIC Luzie U Wingen GNitr_NIRS_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount6_pct HESFDMG _pct HesFlyDmg_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 5/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 7 GFibre_NIRS_pct GRNFibre_pct JIC Luzie U Wingen STRIT_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StritSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT AphDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla APHDMG_1_5 CIMMYT CIMMYT GW_M_g200grn GW200_g Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HelSpSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT HELSP_00_99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla medium hard (MH) MH GRNYLD_t_ha GY_Calc_tha CIMMYT GY_tha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Yld_tha CIMMYT SemoCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEMOCOL_b_value CIMMYT BM_Calc_kgha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_kg_ha L late (L) H hard (H, <45) VS very susceptible medium 5 CIMMYT FoDA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 4 sparse to intermediate resistant R Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TCONT_pct TcontInc_E_pct CIMMYT 5 very good (VG) CIMMYT SBMV_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SBMVInc_E_0to9pct MR-MS Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis good (G) 7 NutE_Calc_kgkgN JIC Luzie U Wingen Nitrogen utilisation efficiency FlrCol_M_Lvalue CIMMYT FLRCOL_L_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhiPS2_M_Idx Lodg_E_1to5 LODG_1_5 LodgInc_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ArmyWDmg_E_pct CIMMYT ARMDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluA3_M_text GLUA3_text CIMMYT 65 Flowering or anthesis, Flowering half complete CIMMYT WormDmg_E_pct WORMDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HailDmg_E_0to9 CIMMYT HAILDMG_0_9 CIMMYT PstriCI_Calc_pct PSTRI_pct__CI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Very susceptible (VS), large, abundant pycnidia, lesions coalescing extensively VS CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FOLDIS_1_5 FolDis_E_1to5 FoliarDis_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrwStg_Zdks_00to99 DECODS GRWSTG_00_99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTRIT _pct__INC TtritInc_E_pct CIMMYT 40 40% (14.8% occupied by uredia) PgramSev_E_pct PGRAM_pct__SEV CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 55 50% plant height affected, 50% coverage Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Ci_M_umolCO2mol1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RARSa_M_Idx RARSa_index CIMMYT CIMMYT SpkDis_N_T_S_M_V SpkDis_E_1to5 SPKDIS_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT UtritInc_E_1to9 UTRIT_1_9__INC GrnTllr_Calc_GrnTllr CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount1_pct moderately Susceptible (MS), medium-sized lesions, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible MS GCol_M_Lvalue GRNCOL_L_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 2/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened GY_Calc_kgha CIMMYT GY_kgha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Yld_kgha GRNYLD_kg_ha 82 80% plant height affected, 20% coverage GFR_Calc_gday GFILLRATE JIC Luzie U Wingen Mixed 6 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NDVI_index NDVI_M_Idx CIMMYT GW100_g GW_M_g100grn Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 20 20 CIMMYT StmWallThk_M_um STMTHK_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FGRAM_00_99__SEV FgramSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT HgramInc_E_0to9pct HGRAM_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 moderately resistant, small to medium uredinia often surrounded by Chlorosis or necrosis, green island may be surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic border (2) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HtereSev_E_00to99 HTERE_00_99__SEV CIMMYT BTol_E_1to9 BORONTOL_1_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PrecoInc_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_1_9 WKILL_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKill_E_1to5 CIMMYT T tall (T) Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass3_pct 3 60% coverage lax to intermediate 4 GCol_M_bvalue GRNCOL_b_value CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_0_4__RESP CIMMYT PrecoResp_E_0to4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 very lax 100% (37% occupied by uredia) 100 TNO_tll_pl TN_Ct_TllrPlnt CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla excellent (E) 9 75 Kernel and milk development, Medium milk (milky liquid) highly susceptible 1 very hard (VH) VH ISBM_t_ha CIMMYT ISBM_Calc_tha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLEAFSEN_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLeafSen_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PlntStnd_Calc_Plntha CIMMYT PLNTSTND_pl_ha Moderate 2 51 50% plant height affected, 10% coverage 5% (1.85% occupied by uredia) 5 SNO_spk_m CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SN_M_Spksm COLEOPLNG _cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ColeopLng_M_cm CIMMYT 8 80% coverage Fusiform 1 moderately susceptible (MS), 12 to 20 % of infection MS Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STAYGREEN_1_5 StayGreen_E_1to5 CIMMYT STMDIA_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmDia_M_mm 47 Booting, Flag leaf sheath opening CIMMYT PthornDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PTHORN_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTE Days to emergence DTE_days CIMMYT Emer_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HSATIL_pct__INC CIMMYT HsatiLInc_E_pct S soft (S) light-yellow (b 2 40% coverage 2 75 70% plant height affected, 50% coverage CIMMYT VgP_calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla VEGPERIOD_pct CIMMYT PLOTGRNYLD_kg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_M_kgPlot DTA_days ANT Ant_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DAYSAN CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla UtritInc_E_pct CIMMYT UTRIT_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFLNG_cm CIMMYT LeafLng_M_cm BMNUP_Calc_kgha Luzie U Wingen JIC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AWNS_0_9 Awns_E_0to9 CIMMYT PstriInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_1_9 29 20% plant height affected, 90% coverage CIMMYT StrawBreak_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 9 >90% anther extrusion CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StrawCol_E_1to6 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SpkPho_Textile_pct 9 very high damage CIMMYT LeafPI_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla R-MR resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) BLBSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLNTSTND_pl_m2 PlntStnd_Calc_Plntm2 CIMMYT STMSIZ _um CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StomaSiz_M_um 8 dense to very dense CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass5_pct low 2 one or more sharp eyespot lesions on upper (as well as lower) sheaths but no symptoms on the stem 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_M_kgPlot ISBM_kg_plot CIMMYT red to brown 2 LofVol_M_ml LOFVOL_ml CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 60% anther extrusion 6 3 very good (VG) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EgramSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT EGRAM_00_99__SEV winter W VR very resistant (VR), average pycnidial density of 0-5% 5 highly tolerant CIMMYT GlmGlau_E_0to9 GLMGLAU_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ColdTol_E_1to5 COLDTOL_1_5 CIMMYT sparse 3 CIMMYT GRNCOL_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GCol_E_1to5 77 70% plant height affected, 70% coverage NeckBreak_E_pct NBREAK_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GZinc_M_mgkg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNZINC_mg_kg CIMMYT SEDVTR_1_3 GVtr_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 0% (no uredia) 0 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HGRAM_pct HgramInc_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT ISBM_Calc_kgha ISBM_kg_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 54 50% plant height affected, 40% coverage CIMMYT LAI_Calc_Idx LAI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla S susceptible (S), 21 to 50 % of infection Stem elongation or jointing, 2nd node detectable 32 95 Ripening, Seed dormant 57 Heading, ¾ of head emerged CIMMYT GY_Calc_gm2 GY_gm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Yld_gm2 GRNYLD_g_m2 Seedling development , 6 leaves unfolded 16 MS medium strong (MS) CIMMYT GluA1_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUA1_text MixTyp_E_1to6 CIMMYT MIXTYP_1_6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEPSP_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SepSpSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PgramNote_E_text PGRAM_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BOOTD_yyyymmdd Boot_date_ymd BOOTD BOOTDATE Ripening, Kernel hard (not dented by thumbnail) 92 20% plant height affected, 50% coverage 25 Amber 5 93 90% plant height affected, 30% coverage S susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DROUGHTTOL_1_5 DroughtTol_E_1to5 CIMMYT 60 60% (22.2% occupied by uredia) 21 Tillering, Main shoot and 1 Tiller 7 high 07 Germination, Coleoptile emerged from seed Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AGRSCR_1_9 CIMMYT AgrScr_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_pct__SPKW FHBSpkWt_Calc_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmPubLng_M_um GLMPUBLNG_um CIMMYT 81 80% plant height affected, 10% coverage LODG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Lodg_E_pct CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount4_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GPhos_M_mgkg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNPHOS_mg_kg CIMMYT GRSA_M_mm2 GsurfA_M_mm2 Luzie U Wingen JIC MS moderately susceptible (MS), average pycnidial density coverage of 30-40% CIMMYT RUET_Calc_gMJ Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 4/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 6 3 30% anther extrusion 8 ERLVIG_1_5 CIMMYT ErlVig_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 28 20% plant height affected, 80% coverage ForgDM_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 7 70% plants with broken straw PH_M_cm PH_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SpkDW_Calc_gm2 0 ROOTROT_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RootRot_E_0to9pct CIMMYT 4 40% coverage AlvP_M_mm ALVP_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TN_Ct_Tllrm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TNO_tll_m CIMMYT SemoYellPig_M_ppm SEMOYELPIG_ppm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafWid_M_mm CIMMYT LEAFWID_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 50% coverage Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TTTS_Calc_Cday 56 50% plant height affected, 60% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFLRFN_s WMFlrFN_M_s CIMMYT INSECTDMG_1_5 InsectDmg_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT InsectDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FvDAFmDA_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla none 0 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLRPROT_pct FlrProt_Kjl_pct very resistant, small uredinia surrounded by necrosis (1) 1 73 Kernel and milk development, Early milk (liquid off -white) 3 low damage 3 awnletted (short) 13 10% plant height affected, 30% coverage 5 25 Tillering, Main shoot and 5 Tillers Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GScreen_M_pct CIMMYT GRNSCREEN_pct HERBDMG_1_5 HerbicideDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT HerbDmg_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoNote_E_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUCON_pct FLRGluCon_M_pct CIMMYT 26 20% plant height affected, 60% coverage PGRAM_0_8__SEEDRESP PgramSdlgResp_E_0to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TanSpotInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TANSPOT_pct 70 70% (25.9% occupied by uredia) 52 50% plant height affected, 20% coverage YELBER_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GYellBer_M_pct 4 low to medium Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_0_12__SEV PrecoSev_E_0to12 CIMMYT VEGPERIOD_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla VgP_calc_day CIMMYT CIMMYT TANSPOT_0_5__SEEDRESP TanSpotSdlgResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 19 Seedling development , 9 or more leaves unfolded intermediate (M), lesions of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis I Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CTD_Calc_C CTD_C CIMMYT intermediate (M), pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis I Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BSMV_E_0to9pct CIMMYT BSMV_0_9 Black 3 0 No visible affection Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BMPR_Calc_gm2day 24 20% plant height affected, 40% coverage leaf has shape of a V 3 65 60% plant height affected, 50% coverage PRECO_1_4__RESP CIMMYT PrecoResp_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla medium (M) M CIMMYT PhordSev_E_0to12 PHORD_0_12__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla soft (S, >55) S Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVW_joules CIMMYT AlvW_M_joules 40% plant height affected, 80% coverage 48 30% plant height affected, 50% coverage 35 DnoxiDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DNOXI_pct CIMMYT Oblong 3 none 1 CIMMYT GWid_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AnthExt_E_0to9 BMNUE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen JIC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrCol_M_avalue FLRCOL_a_value 0 No anther extrusion moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR Dough development, Very early dough (slides when crushed) 81 17 10% plant height affected, 70% coverage AntDmg_E_pct CIMMYT ANTDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkSterility_Calc_pct STERIND_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla very poor to poor (VP-P) 1 9 very high LeafTR_M_mmolH2Om2s1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNAPP_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GApp_E_0to9 1 small 33 30% plant height affected, 30% coverage Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing MS moderately resistant (MR), small lesions surrounded by necrotic areas MR CIMMYT BM_Calc_gm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_g_m2 0 insensitive 4 dense Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_t_ha BM_Calc_tha CIMMYT Booting, Flag leaf sheath extending 41 77 Kernel and milk development, Late milk (more solids in milk) 3 poor (P) LeafR675_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_E_1to5 CIMMYT GRNSPL Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSPL_num grains/spikelet GrnSpl_Calc_GrnSpl CIMMYT 20% plant height affected, 10% coverage 21 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_g_plot CIMMYT BM_M_gPlot resistant (R), 1 to 8 % of infection R HRDCLS_1_3 CIMMYT GHrd_M_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla R Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RodentDmg_E_pct RODDMG_pct CIMMYT ANTD_yyyymmdd ANTD Ant_date_ymd ANTDATE Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CRMSTR_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CrmStr_E_1to5 CIMMYT none 1 very low 1 CIMMYT FLRYLD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRYD FlrYld_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PgramSev_E_0to12 PGRAM_0_12__SEV CIMMYT SpkGW_M_g Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 2 very lax to lax susceptible 3 PgramResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT PGRAM_1_8__ADLTRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GgtriInc_E_1to5 GGTRI_1_5_INC CIMMYT 50 50% (18.5% occupied by uredia) RootDis_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ROOTDIS_1_5 RootDis_N_T_S_M_V 80% plant height affected, 50% coverage 85 4 high 60% plant height affected, 10% coverage 61 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafCID_M_delta13C LEAVESCID_delta CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FGRAM_pct__INC FgramInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TlaevInc_E_pct TLAEV_pct__INC Lodg_E_1to9 LODG_1_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrSDS_M_ml FLRSDS_ml CIMMYT LEAFGLAU_0_9 CIMMYT LeafGlau_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla INFERTNO_tll_m InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LI_M_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT LEAFTHK_mm LeafThk_M_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SpkDen_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPKDEN_1_9 5 fair to good (F-G) moderate 7 10% plant height affected, 10% coverage 11 39 Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible GSize_ScreenCount2_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmStrength_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMSTRENGTH_1_9 light moderate susceptible LMS 5 Elliptical moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) MS-S 9 high SNODO_pct__INC SnodoInc_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla mid-strong 2 CIMMYT Boot_dtoInit_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTIB DTIB_days Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Asat_M_umolCO2m2s1 CIMMYT purple P 64 60% plant height affected, 40% coverage CIMMYT Hd_relat_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RELTHD RELTHD_1_5 high damage 7 MS moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible CIMMYT Fs_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 31 30% plant height affected, 10% coverage FNDD FNDD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT FND_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHORD_pct__CI CIMMYT PhordCI_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 94 90% plant height affected, 40% coverage Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla InfertSpkN_Ct_SplSpk CIMMYT GRNSPK_num grains/spike Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrnSpk_Calc_GrnSpk CIMMYT GRNSPK FLeafLLng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla low 2 CIMMYT SEMOPROT _pct SemoProt_Kjl_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 One or more sharp eyespot lesions on lower sheaths but no symptoms on the stem GCol_M_avalue CIMMYT GRNCOL_a_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFLRSDS_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrSDS_M_ml CIMMYT AlTol_E_1to9 ALUTOL_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 50% anther extrusion 5 Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis MR-MS Germination, Radicle emerged from seed 05 CIMMYT TANSPOT_1_5__ADLTRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TanSpotResp_E_1to5 10% plant height affected, 80% coverage 18 1 10% anther extrusion 69 60% plant height affected, 90% coverage Wheat ontology 4 rolled leaf rim covers part of leaf blade very low damage 2 Germination, Imbibition complete 03 45 Booting, Boot swollen CIMMYT TTA_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla fair (F) 5 low to intermediate damage 4 VE very early (VE) 6 intermediate to moderate StomaRes_M_sm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMRES_s_m PEDLNG _cm PedLng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvL_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVL_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrCol_M_bvalue FLRCOL_b_value CIMMYT 96 Ripening, 50% of viable seed germinates Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMFRQ_num CIMMYT StomaFrq_Ct_stomamm2 STMFRQ 3 medium semi-soft (SS, 51-55) SS 7 good to very good (G-VG) GSize_ScreenMass1_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 35 Stem elongation or jointing, 5th node detectable Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AGRSCR_0_9 CIMMYT AgrScr_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Lodg_E_0to5pct LODG_0_5 CIMMYT PhotopResp_E_1to9 PHOTORESPO_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla low 3 TILSP_pct CIMMYT TilSpSpkInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MS moderate susceptible Z Heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf base (Z) 9 head prematurely ripened (whitehead) or plant collapsed with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem, or shoot killed as the ear emerges from the sheath with sharp eyespot lesions on the shoot nearly immune, no uredinia, but hypersensitive necrotic or chlorotic flecks present (,) , present 1 Tillering, Main shoot and 3 Tillers 23 FLRYELLCLS_1_3 CIMMYT FlrYellCls_M_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TTB_Calc_Cday Shattering_E_pct SHATTERING_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT UAGRO_1_8__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla UagroResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HEATTTOL_1_5 HeatTol_E_1to5 CIMMYT NWI1_M_Idx CIMMYT NWI1_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TllrCapacity_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TllrCAPACITY_1_5 CIMMYT entity 61 Flowering or anthesis, Start of flowering not vitreous (NV) NV 60% plant height affected, 20% coverage 62 1 none CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriSpkSev_E_pct PSTRI_pct__SPKSEV 20% plants with broken straw 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmSol_E_1to3 CIMMYT STMSOL_1_3 DTM_days MAT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTM CIMMYT Mat_dto_day DAYSMT Germination, Water uptake (imbibition) started 01 30% (11.1% occupied by uredia) 30 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MATD MATD_yyyymmdd MATDATE CIMMYT Mat_date_ymd GFP_calc_pct CIMMYT GFILLPERIOD_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEPSP_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SepSPInc_E_pct 6 37 30% plant height affected, 70% coverage Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FvLAFmLA_M_Idx CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PnegleDmg_E_pct PNEGLE_pct White 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GThk_M_mm CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GYPR_Calc_gm2day 2 highly susceptible to susceptible StmWSC_NIR_pct CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderately susceptible, medium-sized uredinia that may be associated with chlorosis (3) 3 10% plant height affected, 40% coverage 14 Immune (Imm) - No pycnidial formation, no symptoms or occasional hypersensitive fleck. Imm LeafPubDen_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFPUBDEN_0_9 CIMMYT BLB_00_99__SEV BLBSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small lesions 2 00 Germination, Dry seed good (G) 2 susceptible, large uredinia without chlorosis (4) 4 No visible infection on plants 0 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StrawStn_E_1to3 5 severe HEADDATE HEADD CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HEADD_yyyymmdd Hd_date_ymd Tillering, Main shoot and 7 Tillers 27 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSIZE_1_3 CIMMYT GSize_E_1to3 GrndCov_GS15_pct CIMMYT GRNDCOV_pct__GS15 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI3_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI3_index No symptom of sharp eyespot 0 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Mat_relat_1to6 CIMMYT RELTMT RELTMT_1_6 30% plant height affected, 90% coverage 39 Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones S 14 Seedling development , 4 leaves unfolded Resistant (R) - Very light pycnidial formation. Some coalescing of lesions mainly toward the leaf tip and in older leaf tissue. R 15 Seedling development , 5 leaves unfolded CIMMYT FrostDmg_E_1to5 FrostDmg_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FROSTDMG_1_5__SPK GSize_ScreenMass4_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TTH_Calc_Cday BLS_00_99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BLSSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT 5 leaf is severely rolled 3 8 dense to very dense PhiCO2_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_M_gPlot ISBM_g_plot CIMMYT WMFlrAsh_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 30 Stem elongation or jointing, Pseudo stem erection 60% plants with broken straw 6 1 BYD_0_9 CIMMYT BYDInc_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 89 80% plant height affected, 90% coverage I immune Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_g_m2 ISBM_Calc_gm2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FROSTDMGP_0_9 FrostDmg_E_0to9 0 No visible affection Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmLng_M_cm STMLNG_cm CIMMYT MR moderately resistant Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrProt_NIRS_pct FLRPROT_pct CIMMYT susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis S 1 absent red R medium 2 W weak (W) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla grains/m2 GN_Calc_Grnm2 KNO CIMMYT GNO GNO_grains_m2 GM2 kernel/m2 PSTRI_1_8__ADLTRESP CIMMYT PstriResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla semi-hard (SH, 45-50) SH 90 90 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmWid_M_mm CIMMYT GLMWID_mm hard (H, <45) H R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules awned (conspicuous) 7 CIMMYT SLA_M_m2kg1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 12 10% plant height affected, 20% coverage 34 30% plant height affected, 40% coverage 9 very good (VG) Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafSPI_M_Idx 60% coverage 6 GReten_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNRETEN_pct red R CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RsecaSev_E_pct MixTq_M_pctmin Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MIXTQ_pct_min CIMMYT Susceptible (S) - Moderate pycnidial formation, lesions coalescing considerably. S CIMMYT CT_M_C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CT_C 30% plant height affected, 20% coverage 32 intermediate 5 SROLF_1_8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SrolfResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT W/R white/red CIMMYT TSPI_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 68 60% plant height affected, 80% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKILL_0_9 WKill_E_0to9 CIMMYT Booting, Boot just visibly swollen 43 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FvDA_M_Idx CIMMYT CIMMYT FvLA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 8 high to very high red/white R/W GermiTest_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Germ_M_pct CIMMYT GERM_pct CIMMYT ACDTOL _1_5 AcdTol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SH semi-hard (SH, 45-55) intermadiate to dense 6 JIC Luzie U Wingen StrawYld_Calc_tha 50% plant height affected, 70% coverage 57 GGTRI_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GgtriInc_E_pct CIMMYT SR_index SR_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones S CIMMYT WMFLRCOL_a_value WMFlrCol_M_avalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 38 30% plant height affected, 80% coverage 6 yellow (b>15) 3 soft (S, >55) S susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis S WMFLRYELPIG_ppm CIMMYT WMFlrYellPig_M_ppm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 80% plants with broken straw 8 W white 6 fair to good (F-G) short (S) S 10% plant height affected, 90% coverage 19 Threshblty_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla THRESHBLTY_1_9 CIMMYT 6 medium to high No breakage 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmCol_E_1to6 GStarch_NIRS_pct GRNStarch_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC 4 40% plants with broken straw Dough development, Hard dough (thumbnail impression held) 87 Dough development, Early dough (elastic, dry and shiny) 83 CIMMYT PSTRI_pct__SEV PstriSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT STRIT_0_5__RESP StritResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla IBD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Boot_dateInit_ymd CIMMYT IBD 1 trace 3 30% coverage 0 very poor (VP) 6 30% plants with broken straw 3 susceptible (S), large lesions, no necrosis or chlorosis S moderate to high 6 Flowering or anthesis, Flowering complete 69 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLKPT_pct BlkPtInc_E_pct highly tolerant 9 intermediate 3 CIMMYT ATRITDMG _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SGNDmg_E_pct WT weak-tenacious (WT) 4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AGRSCR_1_5 CIMMYT AgrScr_E_1to5 very severe (V) 5 36 Stem elongation or jointing, 6th node detectable no visible infection (0) 0 6 moderately susceptible to moderately tolerant 49 Booting, First awns visible CIMMYT LeafR550_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 4 CIMMYT StdEst_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla very susceptible (VS), > 50 % of infection VS CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount5_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEMOPROT _pct SemoProt_NIRS_pct CIMMYT E early (E) 80% plant height affected, 40% coverage 84 1 Luzie U Wingen STRNitr_NIRS_pct JIC high 4 Seedling development , 2 leaves unfolded 12 JIC NHI_Calc_pct Luzie U Wingen Nitrogen harvest index 97 90% plant height affected, 70% coverage 40% plant height affected, 40% coverage 44 weak 1 RepP_Calc_day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla REPPERIOD_days 18 Seedling development , 8 leaves unfolded 2 early (E) 46 40% plant height affected, 60% coverage 50% plant height affected, 80% coverage 58 3 early to normal (E-N) 20% coverage 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FoxiWilt_E_pct CIMMYT FOXYWIL _pct 70% anther extrusion 7 moderately tolerant 7 3 low E erect (E) awnless 0 poor (P) 2 09 Germination, Leaf just at coleoptile tip susceptible to moderately susceptible 4 very resistance VR PstriResp_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_0_9__RESP CIMMYT 2 1 none (N) 4 low to intermediate FND_dto_day FND CIMMYT DTFND_days DTFND Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 100% coverage HI_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HI_Calc_pct Heading, Emergence of head complete 59 50% plants with broken straw 5 5 very dense 30 30 GlmCol_E_1to3 CIMMYT GLMCOL_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 63 60% plant height affected, 30% coverage CIMMYT LeafGlau_E_1to5 LEAFGLAU_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla slight (S) 3 Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf just visible 37 31 Stem elongation or jointing, 1st node detectable MS moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible BirdDmg_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BIRDDMG_1_5 BirdDmg_E_1to5 JIC Luzie U Wingen GPD_Calc_pct 27 20% plant height affected, 70% coverage 4 R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules V vitreous (V) Ripening, Kernel loosening in daytime 93 S spring 71 Kernel and milk development, Kernel watery ripe (clear liquid) BM_kg_plot BM_M_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 9 Tillering, Main shoot only 20 very poor (VP) 1 7 SEPSP_0_5__RESP SepSpResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 50 50 facultative (intermediate) I WMFLRCOL_L_value WMFlrCol_M_Lvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT partly vitreous (PV) PV one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 3/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 5 moderately susceptible 5 very sparse 1 1 hollow MR moderately resistant (MR), average pycnidial density coverage of 15-30% 51 Heading, First spikelet of head visible 70% plant height affected, 40% coverage 74 3 Poor dense 7 VL very late (VL) 1 10% coverage 99 Ripening, Secondary dormancy lost very low 2 9 susceptible S strong 3 16 10% plant height affected, 60% coverage 2 4 fair (F) 6 good (G) 87 80% plant height affected, 70% coverage immune (I), 0 % of infection I 3 large MR Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis lax 3 2 intermediate 99 90% plant height affected, 90% coverage 17 Seedling development , 7 leaves unfolded Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNPLUMP_1_3 CIMMYT GPlump_E_1to3 78 70% plant height affected, 80% coverage CIMMYT FE_Calc_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla very sparse to sparse 2 98 Ripening, Secondary dormancy Seedling development , First leaf emerged 10 88 80% plant height affected, 80% coverage intermediate 3 MS Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing 2 leaf rim starts to roll 72 70% plant height affected, 20% coverage 9 very dense 2 very poor to poor (VP-P) spreading (S) S white (b<12.5) 1 80% plant height affected, 30% coverage 83 1 highly susceptible X heterogeneous, random distribution of variable-sized uredinia on single leaf (X) moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR shrivelled (SH) 1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CiCa_M_Idx CIMMYT 9 severe 45 40% plant height affected, 50% coverage 55 Heading, ½ of head emerged 5 late (L) 60% plant height affected, 60% coverage 66 50% plant height affected, 90% coverage 59 intermediate damage 5 60 60 90% plant height affected, 80% coverage 98 36 30% plant height affected, 60% coverage 1 very poor (VP) 70 70 immune (0), no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection I R Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis 1 very early (VE) 40% anther extrusion 4 W white HR Highly Resistant (HR) - No or only occasional isolated pycnidia formed, particularly in older leaf tissue, hypersensitive flecking in younger leaf tissue. no damage 0 40% plant height affected, 90% coverage 49 SE semi-erect (SE) 1 20% coverage 3 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 1/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 76 70% plant height affected, 60% coverage 4 80% coverage 6 Mixed tenacious (T) T very late (VL) 6 Tillering, Main shoot and 2 Tillers 22 MS medium soft (MS) good (G) 4 70% plant height affected, 10% coverage 71 9 90% coverage MR moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas 10% (3.7% occupied by uredia) 10 33 Stem elongation or jointing, 3rd node detectable LEAFTNECR _pct LeafTNecro_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 50% plant height affected, 30% coverage 53 Intermediate (I) - Light pycnidial format ion. Coalescing of lesions normally noticeable towards the leaf tip and elsewhere on the leaf. I 9 very dense very tall (VT) VT 95 90% plant height affected, 50% coverage 40% plant height affected, 70% coverage 47 Stem elongation or jointing, 4th node detectable 34 Heading, ¼ of head emerged 53 poor to fair (P-F) 4 acronym 5 intermediate normal, similar to local check (N) 4 3 fair (F) 96 90% plant height affected, 60% coverage 5 severe 40 40 80% anther extrusion 8 2 Red moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) MS-S 8 Clavate 4 6 intermediate to dense Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis MR R-MR resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) 7 70% coverage MR moderately resistant (MR), 9 to 11 % of infection Tillering, Main shoot and 8 Tillers 28 Seedling development , First leaf unfolded 11 4 tolerant Seedling development , 3 leaves unfolded 13 poor (P) 2 Ripening, Kernel hard (difficult to divide, 16% water) 91 poor to fair (P-F) 3 SpkDen Density or compactness of a wheat spike. Spike Density Spike density MixTyp Dough mixograph type Dough Mixograph type Mixograph type (mixograph curve) is used for determining the strength of dough. Plant Booting time Booting time is just prior to spike emergence, when the flag leaf sheath encloses the growing spike. Boot Booting time SBMVInc Estimation Standard method for soil borne mosaic virus incidence. SepSPInc Septoria blotch incidence Septoria blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Septoria blotch incidence Leaf Standard method for snail damage. SnailDmg Estimation Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.8 mm - 2.5 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass2 Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight grain incidence Grain FHBGInc Fusarium head blight grain incidence Number of days from sowing to first node detectable. However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. FND DS31 DT Computation Plant Emergence time is when the first leaf appears above the soil surface. Emergence time Emergence time Emer Standard method for flag smut field response. UagroResp Estimation index Extrusion of anthers. AnthExt Anther extrusion Anther Anther extrusion GIron Measurement Standard method for grain iron content. Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.0 mm - 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass5 m FLeafA Flag leaf area Flag leaf Area Area of the flag leaf lamina. Fusarium wilt incidence FoxiWilt Fusarium wilt incidence Fusarium wilt incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium oxysporum. Plant DR DT Computation Number of days from sowing to double ridge (DS14-15 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. 0-9 DAMAGE scale 1-5 scoring scale % Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with NIRs. StmWSC NIR Measurement Relative spike weight is calculated by dividing spike weight (at maturity) from infected by the non-infected. FHBSpkWt Computation Spike partitioning index. Spike Spike partitioning index Partitioning index SpkPI L value Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. BM Computation Plumpness Grain plumpness Grain The degree of endosperm filling. GPlump Eyespot plant response PherpResp Plant Eyespot plant response Eye spot response in the plants caused by the fungal species Tapesia yallundae (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoide w-type) and Tapesia acuformis (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides r-type). Symptoms: the eye shape elliptical lesions forms on lower base of stem and lower leaf sheath. The eyespots are straw yellow in color from the middle and are surrounded by the greenish brown to dark brown rings. 1-5 GRNCOL scale Biomass partitioning to grain A ratio of grain yield to total above ground biomass. HI Harvest index Plant g/m2 1-9 scoring scale Double digit (00-99) Dwarf bunt incidence Spike Dwarf bunt incidence Dwarf bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia controversa. TcontInc s Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio. CiCa Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Leaf Leaf intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Detect in the SDS-PAGE gel the presence of some protein bands from rye chromosome translocation. SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis (1BL1RS) Length of peduncle. PedLng Length Peduncle Peduncle length Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. RUE Computation UtritInc Estimation Standard method for loose smut incidence. PedGlau Estimation Standard method for peduncle glaucousness. SpkDW Computation Standard spike dry weight method. Leaf SepSpResp Septoria blotch plant response Septoria blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Septoria blotch plant response The growth habit of the plant whether erect/semi-erect/semi-spreading/spreading/prostrate. Plant GrwHabit Growth habit Plant growth habit Flag smut disease response in the plants caused by the agent Urocystic agropyri causing flag smut disease. Flag smut plant response Plant Flag smut plant response UagroResp Hd DS55 date Estimation Record date of heading (DS55) when 50% of the spike is emerged (i.e., middle of the spike at the flag leaf ligule) on 50% of all stems. WMFlrAsh Estimation Standard method for ash content in whole meal flour. 1-3 GROWTHCLS scale Score a relative plant height to local check using 1-5 scale where 3 is used for the local check (1 = short, 5 = tall). Assessment of plant height compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. PH Estimation AwnLng Measurement Standard method for awn length. BlkPtInc Grain Black point incidence Black point incidence Black point incidence in the plants caused by the fungal species such as Helminthosporium sativum (Cochliobolus sativus), Alternaria alternata and fusarium spp. also black point symptoms are associated to physiological disorders. Root lesion nematode damage RLNDmg Root The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. Root lesion nematode damage Stem rust notes Stem rust notes Plant Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. PgramNote t/ha yyyymmdd GReten Measurement Measured as weight by percentage of all matter remaining above a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots. Image Analysis Screen Count3 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.5 ? 2.2 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. The plant damage caused by rodent. Rodent damage Plant Rodent damage RodentDmg Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a dark adapted leaf. FvDAFmLA measurement g/100 grain The number of grains per spike can be measured independently by threshing a known number of randomly selected spikes per plot (10-20 spikes per plot) or can be calculated as: Grains per spike (GSP) = grains m2 / spikes m2. GrnSpk Computation Amax Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light and CO2. Leaf light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Leaf Light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Light energy intercepted by the canopy. Light interception LI Canopy light interception Canopy GrwHabit Estimation Observe the growth habit of wheat plants during tillering stages and rate whether erect/semi-erect/prostrate/semi-spreading/spreading FHBSplInc Counting Standard method for FHB infected spikelets counting. Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the grain at harvest. GNUp Computation HNecro Estimation Some forms of spotting and necrosis result from chromosomal instability or genetic aberrations, these disorders are known as hybrid necrosis. Affected plants show differing degrees of necrosis, often associated with stunting or dwarf clumping. Hybrid necrosis usually is observed in early generation material, and affected progeny are eliminated Peduncle neck break Observation of spike break from the base of head. Peduncle NeckBreak Neck break mm Canopy Canopy normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Normalized difference vegetation index NDVI Physiological maturity thermal time TTM Thermal Time from emergence to Physiological Maturity (GS87). Plant Physiological maturity thermal time Calculated grain weight increase per degree day with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. GFRTT Computation Amax Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Stem rust coefficient of infection Plant Stem rust coefficient of infection PgramCI Straw Nitrogen content Nitrogen content of the above ground straw biomass. Straw STRNitr Nitrogen content 0-9 GRNAPP scale StmLng Measurement Standard method for stem length. tiller/plant Color observation on the outer glume at maturity. Glume Glume color GlmCol Color SplN Counting Both the total number of spikelets and the number of fertile spikelets (i.e., those containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. When sampling large numbers of samples or plots, time may be saved by randomly counting one side of the spike and multiplying by two. AphDmg Estimation Standard method for aphid damage. SproutTol Tolerance of grain to sprout when in the spike. Sprouting tolerance Sprouting tolerance Grain num Standard method for Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence. HgramInc Estimation grain/spike 1-5 density scale Grain weight increase per degree day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Grain fill rate thermal time GFRTT Grain fill rate thermal time Plant 1-9 PHOTORESP scale Leaf Net blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (Helminthosporium teres). Net blotch severity HtereSev Net blotch severity 1-5 TOL scale GYellBer Measurement Standard method for yellow berry incidence. plant/plot BMNUE Plant The above ground biomass production per total Nitrogen available to a plant. Above ground biomass nitrogen efficiency Nitrogen Use Efficiency Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until emergence (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTH Computation It can be easily and non-destructively measured during grain-filling (i.e., before physiological maturity) by counting in a given area or length of row. SN Measurement Canopy normalized pheophytinization index Normalized pheophytinization index Normalized pheophytinization index can be used to detect chlorophyll degradation. NPQI Canopy Grain surface area Surface of whole grain. Grain GsurfA Surface area GNDVI Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Maturity time Mat Maturity time starts at hard dough stage (ds87) often called physiological maturity. Maturity time Plant PhiPS2 Measurement Standard method for fluorescence measurement. Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. PthornDmg Estimation Incidence of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Leaf LRollInc Rolling incidence Leaf rolling incidence Spike SpkPho Photosynthetic contribution of the spike (ear) to grain yield. Spike photosynthesis contribution Spike Photosynthesis Barley scald severity in the plants caused by the agent Rhynchosporium secalis. RsecaSev Plant Barley scald severity Barley scald severity Rarsa is an estimation of chlorophyll a content. Canopy Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a RARSa Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a Dough AlvPG Dough alveograph P/G It is the p/g ratio. Alveograph P/G SpkSterility Computation Standard method for sterility index computation. Protein content Total protein content (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in refined flour. Flour Flour protein content FlrProt NodeN Counting Standard method for node number. MixTq It is the torque measured during the mixograph test. Mixograph torque Dough mixograph torque Dough GlmPubDen Estimation Standard method for glume pubescence density. SepSpResp Estimation Standard method for Septoria species response. Ratio of tenacity (p, maximum pressure required for the deformation of the sample) and extensibility (l, length of the curve) of dough. Alveograph P/L AlvPL Dough alveograph P/L Dough PlntStnd Computation Calculate number of plant per area. Suni pest damage Plant The plant damage caused by suni pest (Eurygaster spp., sunn pest, suni bug). SuPDmg Suni pest damage 0-5 percentage scale Test weight or specific weight is the weight of a fixed volume of clean grains. Grain test weight TestWt Grain Test weight 1-3 GRNPLUMP scale Leaf spectral reflectance 675 nm Leaf Spectral reflectance LeafR675 The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R675 nm wavelength. Specific leaf area A ratio of the leaf area to dry mass. Specific leaf area Leaf SLA Glume hairiness density on outer side of sterile glume. Pubescence density Glume GlmPubDen Glume pubescence density Yellow pigment content Whole meal flour WMFlrYellPig Whole meal flour yellow pigment content Whole meal flour yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Tiller number Number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per unit area, sample or plant. Tiller number TN Tiller Canopy temperature Temperature CT Canopy The surface temperature of the canopy is related to the amount of transpiration resulting in evaporative cooling. Length FLeafLLng Length of flag leaf lamina. Flag leaf lamina length Flag leaf lamina Barley leaf rust severity Barley leaf rust severity Leaf Barley leaf rust severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. PhordSev Stem Strength of the culm. Strength StmStrength Stem strength FlrYellCls Yellowness Flour Flour yellowness. Flour yellowness Flour Glutenin Glu-A1 composition GluA1 High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a1. Glutenin Glu-A1 composition FlrSDS Testing of refined flour quality by sds-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. Flour SDS sedimentation volume Flour SDS sedimentation Insect damage InsectDmg Insect damage Plant The plant damage caused by insects. mm2 Marvin method for whole surface area. GSurfA_Measurement Leaf rust severity Leaf rust severity Leaf Leaf rust (brown rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. PrecoSev Fusarium graminearum plant response Fusarium graminearum plant response Fusarium graminearum response in the plants. FgramResp Spike Anet Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. ISBM Computation Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. 1-5 DMG scale Observe the tendency of flowering according day-length PhotopResp Estimation Fusarium leaf blotch incidence Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). Fusarium leaf blotch incidence FnivLBInc Plant Leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis Asat Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light. Light-saturated net photosynthesis Leaf AcdTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a low pH (acid) soil field and rate the tolerance. Cereal cyst nematodes are more readily detected on seedlings than on adult plants. The roots of infested plants develop frequent branches and swellings (cysts). HavenDmg Estimation Forage dry matter. Forage dry matter ForgDM Forage dry matter Plant Leaf transpiration rate. Leaf transpiration rate Leaf LeafTR Leaf transpiration rate Estimate of the area lodged in the sampled plot. Lodg Estimation 0-9 AWNS scale TTIB Initiation of Booting thermal time Booting initiation thermal time Plant Thermal Time from emergence to Initiation of Booting (GS41). Snail damage The plant damage caused by snails. Snail damage Plant SnailDmg Image Analysis Screen Mass3 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.5 mm - 2.2 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Number of spikes (fertile culms) per unit area, sample or plant. Spike number Number SN Spike Normalized water index 3 Normalized water index 3 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). NWI3 Canopy normalized water index 3 Canopy Calculated as biomass per unit of Nitrogen taken up. BMNUte Computation RachLng Measurement Standard method for rachis length. Record date of when 50% of seedlings have emerged (DS10). Emer DS10 date Estimation Nitrogen uptake Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain Nitrogen uptake Grain GNUp Modified cobb scale for severity Severity of leaf/stem/stripe rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. The plant damage caused by worms. Plant WormDmg Worm damage Worm damage Zinc content Grain Content of zinc in grain. GZinc Grain Zinc content Straw Yield Straw yield Amount (weight) of straw. StrawYld StmWSC Measurement Sampling for water soluble carbohydrate is often combined with in-season biomass sampling and partitioning. Ensure to plan sampling approach carefully to allow for maximal data collection/economy of sampling (e.g., data on partitioning weights can be collected on the same 20 culm sample). The leaf lamina and/or leaf sheath may also be analyzed for WSC separately, or not removed from the stem for ?whole stem? analysis. Lab analysis is performed by NIR or wet chemical method. Spike Tilletia tritici bunt incidence TtritInc Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia tritici (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). Tilletia tritici bunt incidence The weight of the grain harvested is registered on a scale, decide which method suit better for your objectives. In breeding trials, a sample area (rather than the whole plot) is generally used for estimating yield. Discard borders when combine harvest for a better estimation of yield. GY Measurement TSpl date Estimation Record date of terminal spikelet stage (DS25-30 approx.). It is estimated as the date at which the final spikelet can be observed on the forming spike within the stem of the main culm, typically measured on around 3-5 plants per plot. It required a main tiller dissection and an observation of the apex on an optic magnifier. VgP Computation Calculated as time between emergence (DS10) and first node detectable (DS31) as percentage of crop cycle duration. a value Nitrogen use efficiency Grain Nitrogen Use Efficiency The grain dry mass (grain yield) production per Nitrogen available to a plant. NUE Grain number GrnSpl Number of grains per spikelet. Spikelet Grain number per spikelet Spot blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (Helminthosporium sativum). Spot blotch severity Leaf HsatiLSev Spot blotch severity SDS-sedimentation determination A small sample of flour or ground wheat (1.0 grams) is weighed and placed in 25-milliliter glass-stoppered graduated cylinder. This is mixed with different solutions for some minutes and then rested. Finally, the volume of the sediment is recorded after 21 minutes. g/plant Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Flour Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a3. Glutenin Glu-A3 composition GluA3 Grain GYFac Yield factor. Grain yield factor Yield factor Leaf R675 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R675. Rhizoctonia root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia solani. Rhizoctonia root rot incidence Rhizoctonia root rot incidence RsolaInc Plant 1-3 HRDCLS scale Stem wall thickness Stem wall thickness. Wall thickness Stem StmWallThk Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. RUET Computation Phase period where the spike growth the most regarding the whole crop cycle and can be calculated as (anthesis date-initiation of booting date)/days to maturity *100. RSpkGP Computation Heading time Plant Heading time extends from the time of emergence of the tip of the spike from the flag leaf sheath to when the spike has completely emerged but has not yet started to flower. Heading time Hd Ant DS65 date Estimation Record date of anthesis (DS65) when 50% of spikes have flowered (i.e. at least 1 anther dehisced). Stripe rust plant response Leaf PstriResp Stripe rust plant response Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. 1-9 TOL scale Plant tolerance to soil salinity. Plant Salinity tolerance SaltTol Salinity tolerance Standard method for semolina yellow pigment. SemoYellPig Measurement kg/plot Leaf Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence HgramInc Barley helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence in the plants caused by the agent Drechslera graminea (helminthosporium gramineum). Straw Nitrogen uptake Straw Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole above ground straw. STRNUp Nitrogen uptake GScreen Measurement Measured as weight by percentage of all matter passing through a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to leaf/stem/stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the following scale: 0-No visible infection. R-Resistant, necrotic areas with or without small pustules. MR-Moderately Resistant, small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas. M-Intermediate, pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis. MS-Moderately Susceptible, medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible. S-Susceptible, large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis. Adult plants rust field response Estimation GgtriInc Estimation Standard method for take all incidence. g/MJ Tillering capacity TllrCapacity An tillering capacity. Tillering capacity Plant GluTyp Estimation Gluten type is determined based on gluten properties data (flour protein content, Alveograph W, Alveograph P/L) following Peña 2011: Wheat End-use Quality types. Image Analysis Screen Count5 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.0 ? 1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. HtereSev Estimation Standard method for net blotch severity. Standard method for leaf glaucousness. LeafGlau Estimation ColdTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at temperature lower than the optimum temperature and rate the tolerance. Pratylenchus thornei damage Root The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei. Pratylenchus thornei damage PthornDmg Width of flag leaf lamina. Flag leaf lamina FLeafLWid Width Flag leaf lamina width WMFlrCol The whole meal flour color. Whole meal flour Color Whole meal flour color AlvL Alveograph value L Dough Dough alveograph value L L value is the extensibility of the dough before the bubble breaks. it is indicated by the length of the curve. ColeopLng Measurement Standard method for coleoptile length. ForgDM Estimation Standard method for forage dry matter. 0-9 percentage scale FHBSpkInc Fusarium head blight spike incidence Spike Fusarium head blight spike incidence Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in spikes caused by the agent fusarium spp. mg/kg Standard method for Fusarium graminearum severity. FgramSev Estimation BMNUtE Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency Biomass Nitrogen utilization efficiency Biomass Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency as the biomass in relation to the total amount of N in above-ground plant at harvest. Plant GNDVI Normalized difference vegetation index Canopy green normalized difference vegetation index Canopy Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. 0-9 density scale LI Computation Measurement of the light intercepted by the canopy using a ceptometer as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. LeafGlau Glaucousness Glaucousness in leaf. Leaf glaucousness Leaf Wheat blast severity in the spikes caused by the agent Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: It can infect all above-ground parts of the wheat plant, but head blast, resembling Fusarium head blight in appearance, is the most common symptom in the field. Infected spikes become bleached and produce small shriveled seed or none at all. Spike Wheat blast severity Wheat blast severity MgrisSev g/m2/day FrostDmg Estimation Score the damage caused by frost per plot. Plant Plant tolerance to aluminum. Aluminum tolerance AlTol Aluminum tolerance HerbicideDmg Estimation Standard method for herbicide damage. Record date of first node detectable (DS31). It is easier to determine in the field than DS30. It is estimated in-field as the day at which the first node can be detected at approximately 1 cm above the tillering node. The observation is performed in the main tiller. FND DS31 date Estimation g/plot 1-9 STRAWBREAK scale Score the damage caused by hail. HailDmg Estimation Observation of awn type whether awnless/awnletted (short awns)/awned (conspicious awns). Spike awnedness Spike Awnedness Awns The 1bl/1rs translocation in wheat resulted from replacing the short arm of the chromosome 1b of wheat by the short arm of the chromosome 1r of rye (Secale cereale l.). Absence/Presence Translocation 1BL/1RS T1BL1RS Translocation 1BL/1RS Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at the field presenting soil salinity and rate the tolerance. SaltTol Estimation Observe winterkill of plants per plot and rate it. WKill Estimation 1-3 STMSOL scale Canopy normalized water index 2 NWI2 Normalized water index 2 Canopy Normalized water index 2 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Standard method for straw strength. StrawStn Estimation Pratylenchus neglectus damage Pratylenchus neglectus damage PnegleDmg Root The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus. Infertile tiller InfertTN Number of infertile tillers per unit area, sample or plant. Number Infertile tiller number day Stripe rust spike severity Stripe rust spike severity Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriSpkSev Spike Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Ci Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration. Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Leaf 1. A sample of 60 grams or 250 grams of flour is mixed with a salt solution to form a dough. 2. The dough is sheeted, rested and inflated in the Chopin Alveograph, 2. Five 4.5 centimeter circular dough patties are formed and then rested in the alveograph in a temperature-regulated compartment at 25 degrees Celsius for approximately 20 minutes, 3. Each dough patty is tested individually. The alveograph blows air into a dough patty, which expands into a bubble that eventually breaks, 4. The pressure inside the bubble is recorded as a curve on graph paper. The alveograph determines the gluten strength of a dough by measuring the force required to blow and break a bubble of dough. The results include P Value, L Value, and W Value. ALVEOGRAPH determination AACC 54-30 A LeafPubLng Measurement Standard method for leaf pubescence length. Spike threshability Spike Threshblty Threshability Threshability (ease to thresh) is a score where several spike-related traits such as rachis fragility (brittle or non-brittle rachis) and glume tenacity (hulled or free-threshing). The final outcome of the floret developmental rates (determining the number of floret primordia that reach the stage of fertile florets at anthesis) and the proportion of grain set per fertile floret (the opposite to grain abortion), per unit of spike weight. Fruiting efficiency Fruiting efficiency FE Spike Standard method for awn presence estimation. Awns Presence method_of Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. RLNDmg Estimation LeafWid Width Leaf Width of leaf. Leaf width Standard method for tan spot incidence in adult plants. TanSpotInc Estimation tiller/m Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust notes PstriNote Leaf Stripe rust notes HtereInc Estimation Standard method for net blotch incidence. RNDVI Canopy Canopy red normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. 1-3 SIZE scale It is measured during rapid spike growth phase. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Then, CRG is the production of biomass per day between initiation of booting and seven days after anthesis. Calculated as (Biomass 7DAA/m2 - Biomass InB/m2)/Days from InB to 7DAA. CGR Computation Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Canopy Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Rarsb is an estimation of chlorophyll b content. RARSb Grain hardness Grain hardness is used as a grading factor to determine the type of wheat. It is a key determinant for classification of wheat and end product quality. Grain Hardness GHrd mmol H2O/m2/s Standard method for stomatal conductance. StomaCond Measurement Common root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agents Cochliobolus sativus, fusarium spp., and Pythium species. Common root rot incidence RootRot Plant Common root rot incidence Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf PrecoCI Standard method for canopy temperature depression. CTD Computation µmol CO2/m2/s Flour color FlrCol Flour color. Color Flour Flour yield FlrYld Flour Proportion of flour recovered during milling. Yield Calculated as above ground biomass Nitrogen content divided by soil Nitrogen NupE Computation LeafLng Leaf Length Leaf length Length of leaf. Spot blotch incidence HsatiLInc Spot blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (helminthosporium sativum). Leaf Spot blotch incidence FgramInc Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum incidence. Plant vigour Vigour PlntVig Plant Capacity of the plant to grow. GN Grain number Number of grains expressed as per unit area or sample. Number Grain SN Computation Calculated from yield components sampling. The method was improved by using two digits, representing the vertical disease progress and an estimate of severity. The first digit gives the relative height of the disease using the original 0-9 Saari-Prescott scale as a measure. The second digit shows the disease severity as a percentage but in terms of 0-9. Because it is difficult to evaluate diseases on dead leaves, disease notes should be taken when at least four leaves are still alive and green (soft to mid-dough growth stage). Then visually evaluate the average percentage severity on only those leaves of the uppermost four that are infected. In practice, the percent severity is estimated on an overall score. The following format is used for scoring severity: 10% coverage = 1, 20% coverage = 2, 30% coverage = 3, 40% coverage = 4, 50% coverage = 5, 60% coverage = 6, 70% coverage = 7, 80% coverage = 8, 90% coverage = 9. The score of 10 is not used. Double digit Estimation Standard method for peduncle length. PedLng Measurement Straw Breakage Amount of straw breakage. StrawBreak Straw breakage Standard method for flag leaf area. FLeafA Measurement Time period between emergence (ds10) and first node detectable (ds31). Plant vegetative period Vegetative period VgP Plant Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. ETR Measurement Plant Anthesis thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Anthesis (GS65). TTA Anthesis thermal time 1-3 FLRYELLCLS scale PH Measurement Measure the length of individual culms from soil surface to the tip of the spike (do not include awn) and record to the nearest centimeter. (Average of 4-10 plants/culms per plot). Standard method for whole grain thickness. GThk Measurement Standard method for Septoria nodorum blotch incidence SnodoInc Estimation LeafTNecro Leaf Leaf tip necrosis incidence Tip necrosis A physiological phenomenon caused by hot, dry and windy weather. the whole tip of the flag leaf tends to be necrotic and will often fold over. leaf tip necrosis progresses from the margins of the flag leaf tip and lower leaves as well show some signs of it. leaf tip necrosis is observed to some extent in all wheat varieties containing the leaf rust gene resistance gene lr34. 1-9 incidence scale CID determination Proceed following the protocol for sampling of grains or leaves for CID in Chapter 6 in Pask et al., 2012. Mass spectrometers generate differential values of stable carbon isotope composition (?13C), expressed negative values in parts per thousand (?) (Farquhar et al., 1989): ?13C (?) = [(Rsample/Rstandard)?1] × 1000. Where: the ratio of heavy to light isotope (R = 13C/12C) for the sample is in comparison to Peedee Belemnite (PDB) carbonate (limestone) standard. Following Farquhar et al. (1989) ? rather than using carbon isotope composition values (?13C), positive values for CID (?13C) can be calculated for easier statistical analysis as: ?13C = [(?a-?p)]/[1 + (?p/1000)] Whole meal flour SDS-sedimentation volume WMFlrSDS Testing of whole-meal flour quality by SDS-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. Whole meal flour SDS sedimentation Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). GFP Plant Grain filling period Grain filling period RNDVI Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. FHBDON Measurement Standard method for content of deoxynivalenol or DON (vomitoxin) that is often associated with FHB (Fusarium spp.) infected grains. BTol Estimation The response of a cultivar or genotype is expressed on a score 1-9, where 1= highly susceptible and 9 = highly tolerant, based on the extent of bronze colored necrosis of leaf tips extending down the leaf margins CT Measurement Take measurements at least two times from full ground cover to the end of booting (pre-heading), and at least two times from the end of anthesis to late grainfilling (grain-filling) -with 5-7 days between each measurement to give a reasonably heritable estimate of trait expression. Observe the growth stage or development stage (DS) of wheat plants using the Zadoks scale decimal code, based on 10 major stages, with each stage divided into sub-stages. GrwStg Zadoks Estimation Rapid spike growth period Canopy RSpkGP Grain Filling duration Rapid spike growth period. grain/m2 Germ Proportion of seed that germinate under proper condition. Grain Germination Grain germination Number of grains per tiller. Tiller Grain number per tiller GRATIL Grain number g/1000 grain RepP Computation Calculated as time between double ridge (approx. DS14) and anthesis (DS65) as percentage of crop cycle duration. Common bunt (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia species. Spike Common bunt spike incidence Common bunt spike incidence TilSpSpkInc Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B. TanSpotSdlgResp Tan spot seedling response Seedling Tan spot seedling response Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. AwnCol Awn color Awn Color Awn color. Standard method for straw yield. StrawYld Estimation GZinc Measurement Standard method for grain zinc content. spike/m2 Standard method for spectral reflectance. Canopy spectral reflectance Measurement Nitrogen uptake Above ground biomass nitrogen uptake Uptake of Nitrogen in the above ground biomass at maturity. BMNUp Plant FoLA Leaf Minimal fluorescence intensity Leaf minimal fluorescence intensity Minimal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results 1-3 STRAWStrength 0-1 absent-present kg/hl SawflyDmg The plant damage caused by sawfly, Cephus cinctus. Plant Sawfly damage Sawfly damage Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. CiCa Measurement g µm Standard method for flag leaf lamina length. FLeafLLng Measurement Standard method for stem diameter. StmDia Measurement TlaevInc Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia laevis (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). Spike Tilletia laevis bunt incidence Tilletia laevis bunt incidence g/day SpkDW Spike dry weight Spike Dry weight of spike(s). Spike dry weight Normalized water index 1 Canopy Normalized water index 1 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). NWI1 Canopy normalized water index 1 Field response McNEAL Estimation Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the MCNEAL scale. Deviation from the grain yield -grain protein linear regression. Grain protein deviation Grain Protein Deviation GPD Plant Straw NIR calibrated. STR NIRS Measurement Hessian fly damage Hessian fly damage HesFlyDmg The plant damage caused by hessian fly, Maytiola destructor. Plant AntDmg Estimation Standard method for ant damage. The plant damage caused by birds. BirdDmg Bird damage Plant Bird damage RUE_T Radiation use efficiency Radiation Use Efficiency The amount of biomass produced per unit of intercepted solar radiation. Canopy FlrFN Measurement 1. A 7-gram sample of ground wheat or flour is weighed and combined with 25 milliliter of distilled water in a glass falling number tube with a stirrer and shaken to form a slurry. When grinding a wheat sample to perform a falling number test, it should be at least 300 grams to assure a representative sample, 2. As the slurry is heated in a boiling water bath at 100° Centigrade and stirred constantly, the starch gelatinizes and forms a thick paste, 3. The time it takes the stirrer to drop through the paste is recorded as the falling number value. NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement Alternaria leaf blight response in the plants caused by the agent Alternaria triticina. Alternaria leaf blight plant response Alternaria leaf blight plant response Leaf AtritResp Standard method for tillering capacity. TllrCapacity Estimation Spike fertility index. Dry weight of 20 randomly selected spikes at anthesis. Fruiting Efficiency= number of grains at maturity / spike dry matter at anthesis. FE Computation BLBSev Estimation Standard method for wheat bacterial leaf blight severity. PH Height of plant from ground to top of spike, excluding awns. Plant Plant height Height Ci Computation Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. min Leaf FvLA Leaf variable fluorescence Variable fluorescence measured in the leaf. Variable fluorescence Standard method for sawfly damage. SawflyDmg Estimation 1-5 GLUTYP scale LeafR750R700 Leaf spectral reflectance 750/550 nm Spectral reflectance Leaf The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R550 nm wavelength. Thickness Measurement of leaf thickness. Leaf Leaf thickness LeafThk Score the damage caused by waterlogging WtrLoggDmg Estimation Standard method for whole grain length. GLng Measurement PlntStnd Counting Counting the number of plant per area or row. text cm Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground biomass at harvest. BMNUp Computation GlmWid Width of glume. Glume Width Glume width b value FgramResp Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum response. Whole meal flour falling number Whole meal flour Falling number Indication of the amount of sprout damage that has occurred within a wheat sample. falling number value of 350 seconds or longer indicates a low enzyme activity and very sound wheat quality. as the amount of enzyme activity increases, the falling number decreases. Values below 200 seconds indicate high levels of enzyme activity. WMFlrFN Winter survival Ability to survive or withstand cold temperatures in the late fall, winter, or early spring. Wsurv Winter survival Plant Number of days from sowing to the seedling emergence (DS10). Emer DS10 days Computation StrawYield_Computation Calculated as difference between biomass and grain yield. Cookie Cookie spread factor Spread factor CookSdF The ratio between average height and width of cookies. Root Cyst nematode damage The wheat cyst nematode damage caused by cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae. HavenDmg Cyst nematode damage Number of days required from sowing to physiological maturity (approx. DS87). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Mat DS87 DT Computation 1-6 SPKTYPE scale Number of days required from sowing to spike emergence from the flag leaf (DS55). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Hd DS55 days Computation AnthExt Estimation Standard method for anther extrusion. Water index WI Canopy water index Canopy Water index use reflectance at 970 nm as a wavelength sensitive to water content, while reflectance at 900 nm is taken as a reference which is similarly affected by canopy and leaf structures but with null absorption by water. Ant Anthesis time Anthesis or flowering time is the period during which a flower is fully open and functional. pollination and fertilization occur during this period. Plant Anthesis time Carbon fixation by photosynthesis. Leaf net photosynthesis rate Anet Net photosynthesis rate Leaf Fusarium graminearum incidence Fusarium graminearum incidence in the plants. Fusarium graminearum incidence Spike FgramInc Heading thermal time TTH Thermal Time from emergence to Heading (GS55). Heading thermal time Plant Plant stand Stand PlntStnd Plant population or plant density. Plant CGR It is the rate of dry matter production per unit area. Biomass production Crop growth rate Plant GWTTILL Grain weight per tiller Grain weight Tiller Grain weight per tiller. AgrScr Plant Agronomic score Rating of overall agronomic attributes and health of plants. Phenotypic acceptability Stem Stem water soluble carbohydrate Water soluble carbohydrates accumulate up to and around anthesis and are partitioned to the stem, from where they are later available as a reservoir for remobilization to the developing grains. These reserves are an important source of carbon for grain filling. Water soluble carbohydrate content StmWSC Tan spot plant response Leaf TanSpotResp Tan spot plant response Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. TanSpotResp Estimation Standard method for scoring tan spot response in adult plants. LAI Computation LAI can be determined directly by taking a sample of canopy from a plant canopy, measuring the leaf area per sample plot with an area meter or image scanner and dividing it by the plot land surface area. Indirect methods use ceptometer to measure canopy geometry or light extinction and relate it to LAI. (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2). Count the total number of grains per tiller. GrnTllr Computation Stomatal conductance StomaCond Leaf Leaf stomatal conductance Rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide through the stomata. Dough AlvW Dough strength by alveograph. W value is the area under the curve. it is a combination of dough strength (p value) and extensibility (l value). Alveograph value W Dough alveograph value W BirdDmg Estimation Standard method for bird damage. Booting thermal time Booting thermal time TTB Plant Thermal Time from emergence to Booting (GS45). AlvP P value is the force required to blow the bubble of dough. it is indicated by the maximum height of the curve. Alveograph value P Dough Dough alveograph value P Standard method for common root rot incidence. RootRot Estimation Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.2 ? 2.0 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count4 Number of nodes in the main stem. NodeN Node number Stem Node number Fusarium head blight AUDPC Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight AUDPC Spike FHBAUDPC GN Computation Grain number (GNO) as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. GNO determines the sink size of the crop and under many conditions it is strongly correlated with yield. Grains/m2 (GNO) = yield (g/m2) / TGW (g) × 1000. Grain Grain Iron content GIron Content of iron in grain. Iron content ISBM Aboveground biomass In-season All above-ground biomass at any developmental stage and/or at regular intervals from the emergence to physiological maturity. In-season aboveground biomass Plant Standard method for spike shattering. Shattering Estimation CCI PrecoNote Leaf rust notes Leaf Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust notes Carbon isotope discrimination Grain Grain carbon isotope discrimination GCID Grain carbon isotope discrimination at maturity from drought trials provides genotypic effects most likely to be related to transpiration rate or an integrative measurement of stomatal conductance. Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf PrecoInc Leaf rust incidence Leaf rust incidence degree C Awn length. AwnLng Awn Length Awn length Image Analysis Screen Mass4 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.2 mm - 2.0 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. LofVol Measurement Standard method for loaf volume. PRI Photochemical reflectance index is correlated with the de-epoxidation stage of the xanthophylls cycle, with zeaxanthin, and with radiation-use efficiency (filella et al., 1996). higher pri values indicate greater efficiency. Canopy Photochemical reflectance index Canopy photochemical reflectance index 1-5 RELTPH scale Number of infertile spikelet per spike. Infertile spike number InfertSpkN Number Spike GrndCov Crop ground cover, or the percentage of soil surface covered by plant foliage. Plant Ground cover Crop ground cover ml/% WtrLoggDmg Waterlogging damage Plant Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Waterlogging damage Standard method for FHB grain incidence. FHBGInc Estimation Senescence FLeafSen Flag leaf senescence. Flag leaf Flag leaf senescence Fusarium head blight (scab) spike response caused by the agent fusarium spp. Spike FHBSpkResp Fusarium head blight spike response Fusarium head blight spike response Yield production rate Grain GYPR Grain yield production rate. Grain yield production rate Glutenin Glu-D3 composition Flour GluD3 Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d3. Glutenin Glu-D3 composition LeafPI Computation Leaf Lamina Coefficient = Lamina DM measured at7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf lamina is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. Plant Take all incidence Take all incidence GgtriInc Take-all incidence in the plants caused by the agent Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt). Septoria tritici blotch severity Septoria tritici blotch severity Septoria tritici blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Plant StritSev StmCol Estimation Standard method for stem color. Leaf Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Leaf chlorophyll content Chl Chlorophyll content CrmStr Estimation Standard method for crumb structure. Powdery mildew incidence EgramInc Powdery mildew incidence in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Leaf Powdery mildew incidence Lodg Indicates incidence of lodged plants. Lodging incidence Plant Lodging incidence GluB1 Glutenin Glu-B1 composition Flour Glutenin Glu-B1 composition High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b1. Russian wheat aphid damage Russian wheat aphid damage The plant damage caused by Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxis. DnoxiDmg Plant GlmGlau Estimation Standard method for glume glaucousness. BM Plant Aboveground biomass at maturity All above-ground biomass at maturity. Aboveground biomass at maturity Glaucousness Glaucousness in glume. GlmGlau Glume Glume glaucousness Severity of rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Rust severity Estimation TSPI Stem True stem partitioning index True stem partitioning index. True stem partitioning index grains/tiller Grain yield Grain Yield GY Amount (weight) of grains that was harvested. Leaf area index LAI Plant It is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies and defined as the leaf area per unit ground surface area. Leaf area index Standard method for ground cover at 5 leaves stage. GrndCov Measurement (GS15) Grain color Grain color. Color GCol Grain Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. GW Measurement Canopy stay green Ability of the plant to remain/maintain green leaves, stems and spikes at the time of senescing. StayGreen Canopy Stay green NIRS Starch Measurement NIR calibrated StrawCol Straw color Color Straw Color of straw. Plant tolerance to drought conditions. Drought tolerance Drought tolerance DroughtTol Plant SpkPI Computation Calculated from shoots sampled seven days after anthesis and SPI is expressed as a ratio and can be calculated as SPI= (dry weight of spikes at anthesis+7/dry weight of the whole plants (shoots) at anthesis+7). Fusarium head blight DON content Fusarium head blight DON content Content of deoxynivalenol or don (vomitoxin) that is often associated with fhb (fusarium spp.) infected grains. Grain FHBDON Plant Barley stripe mosaic incidence BSMV Barley stripe mosaic incidence in the plants caused by barley stripe mosaic virus. Barley stripe mosaic incidence Leaf Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust plant response PrecoResp Leaf rust plant response Standard method for glume color. GlmCol Estimation Spike Spike type SpkTyp Type Shape characteristics of typical mature spikes. 1-6 COLOR scale LeafLng Measurement Standard method for leaf length. 0-5 Septoria Response scale Net blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (helminthosporium teres). Net blotch incidence HtereInc Net blotch incidence Leaf Standard method for powdery mildew incidence. EgramInc Estimation Winter kill damage Winter kill damage Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Plant WKill kg/kg N SpkTyp Estimation Standard method for spike type. GlmLng Glume Length of glume. Length Glume length GCol Estimation Standard method for grain color. Calculated as grain yield per unit of Nitrogen taken up. Nute Computation GFPTT Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Peduncle glaucousness Peduncle Glaucousness in peduncle. PedGlau Glaucousness FnivLBInc Estimation Standard method for Fusarium leaf blotch incidence. Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/700. Leaf R750/R700 Measurement Standard method for karnal bunt incidence. TindiInc Estimation Canopy temperature depression Canopy Temperature depression CTD Difference between ambient temperature and canopy temperature. Fs Steady-state fluorescence The fluorescence emitting during steady state. Leaf Leaf steady-state fluorescence GAmyloPec Measurement Standard method for grain amylopectin content. Calculated daily grain weight increase between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration. GFR Computation Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains greater than 2.8 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass1 Barley yellow dwarf incidence Wheat yellow dwarf incidence in the plants caused by the agent wheat yellow dwarf virus. BYDInc Barley yellow dwarf incidence Plant WormDmg Estimation Standard method for worm damage. Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until initiation of booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTIB Computation WMFlrYellPig Measurement Standard method for whole meal flour yellow pigment. Mat DS87 relative Estimation Assessment of physiological maturity (approx. DS87) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Seed gall nematode damage SGNDmg The wheat seed-gall nematode damage caused by Anguina tritici. Plant Seed gall nematode damage NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement Grain weight Grain weight per spike Spike Grain weight per spike. SpkGW SepSPInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria species incidence. Grain starch content Grain Gstarch Starch content Content of starch (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Boron tolerance BTol Boron tolerance Plant Plant tolerance to high levels of soil boron. FoLA Measurement Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. Peduncle pubescence density PedPubDen Peduncle hairiness density. Peduncle Pubescence density Spectral reflectance Leaf spectral reflectance 550 nm The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R550 nm wavelength. Leaf LeafR550 Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. BM Measurement LeafThk Measurement Standard method for leaf thickness. Quantum yield of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation. Leaf quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation PhiCO2 Quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Leaf Image Analysis Screen Count1 Standard method for screening grain size distribution >2.8 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R)machine. Observation of hybrid necrosis. Plant hybrid necrosis incidence Plant HNecro Hybrid necrosis incidence LeafPSSRa Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-a. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Leaf Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll a HI Computation Harvest index is expressed in percentage and can be calculated as Harvest index (%) = (Grain yield/Biomass)*100. Stay-green assessment is conducted through the growing season, starting with the onset of the senescence of the specific organ to be evaluated. StayGreen Estimation Grain One of the key quality parameters in the determination of durum quality referring to translucent or glass-like appearance when seeds are transversely sectioned and observed whether not vitreous/partly vitreous/vitreous. it is associated with high protein and hard grain. GVtr Vitreousness Grain vitreousness Content of protein (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Protein content Grain protein content GProt Grain GY Computation Use formulae to calculate grain yield in g/m2 Standard method for barley scald blight severity. RsecaSev Estimation FvDA Measurement Variable fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. Image Analysis Screen Mass6 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that are below 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. FnivLBSev Plant Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) severity in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). Fusarium leaf blotch severity Fusarium leaf blotch severity Spectral reflectance The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R700 nm wavelength. Leaf spectral reflectance 750/700 nm LeafR750R700 Leaf Moisture content Grain GMoi Grain moisture content Moisture content of grain. Semolina yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Yellow pigment content Semolina SemoYellPig Semolina yellow pigment content GY Relative to check Computation Calculate grain yield of an entry as percentage over a local check. Leaf Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II Quantum yield of photosystem II PhiPS2 Quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII. 1. Extract storage proteins (glutenins/gliadins) from wheat grain, 2. Separate glutenins from gliadins, 3. Run proteins extracts in polyacrylamide gels, 4. Stain the gel and de-stain, 5. Identify the allele for each locus. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a light adapted leaf. FvLAFmLA measurement Septoria blotch severity Septoria blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Leaf SepSpSev Septoria blotch severity GWid Measurement Standard method for whole grain width. The plant damage caused by various species of aphids. Aphid damage Plant AphDmg Aphid damage Standard method for spike disease development. SpkDis Estimation Powdery mildew severity EgramSev Powdery mildew severity in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Powdery mildew severity Leaf Boot DS45 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to booting stage (DS45). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Proportion of big grain remaining above the sieve. GReten Grain retention Grain Retention proportion PedPubDen Estimation Standard method for peduncle pubescence density. PgramResp Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Plant Stem rust plant response Stem rust plant response infertile tiller/m GrnSpk Grain number per spike Grain number Number of grains per spike. Spike Stem length Stem Length of stem. Length StmLng Hd DS55 relative Estimation Assessment of heading (DS55) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. node PrecoInc Estimation Standard method for leaf rust incidence. Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. GFP pct Computation joules 1-5 GHABIT scale Plant Measurement of plant emergence and vigor in the field. StdEst Establish Stand establishment Rolling severity Leaf LRollSev Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Leaf rolling severity Plant Growth stage Growth/developmental stages based on Zadoks decimal code. Growth stage GrwStg Root RootDis The plant damage caused by root diseases. Root disease development Root disease development Grain appearance Appearance GApp Grain Appearance of a single grain. Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under droughted condition and rate the tolerance. DroughtTol Estimation BYDInc Estimation Standard method for barley yellow dwarf incidence. Flour Gluten type Flour gluten type GluTyp Gluten type whether weak-tenacious/tenacious/weak/medium strong/strong. Whole meal flour ash content Ash content in flour. Whole meal flour WMFlrAsh Ash content FLeafLWid Measurement Standard method for flag leaf lamina width. Coefficient of infection (CI) calculated by multiplying the severity times a constant for host response: where immune = 0.0, R=0.2, MR =0.4, MS =0.8, and S=1.0. Rust Coefficient of infection Computation The cellular structure of wheat bread crumb. Structure Bread crumb structure CrmStr Bread 1-9 general scale GNitr Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Grain Grain Nitrogen content Nitrogen content PstriCI Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Leaf Stripe rust coefficient of infection Stripe rust coefficient of infection Standard method for stomatal resistance. StomaRes Measurement Terminal spikelet time Plant TSpl Terminal spikelet time is when the last spikelet, the terminal spikelet, has been produced. Terminal spikelet time Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency Nitrogen uptake efficiency Plant N-uptake efficiency as the total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground plant at harvest in relation to the available Nitrogen in soil. BMNUpE spikelet/spike TTTS Thermal Time from emergence to Terminal Spikelet (GS30). Plant Terminal spikelet thermal time Terminal spikelet thermal time GLys Measurement Standard method for grain lysine content. Standard method for rodent damage. RodentDmg Estimation degree C day mmol/m2/s CookSdF Measurement Standard method for cookie spread factor. Plant tolerance to acid soil. Plant Acid soil tolerance AcdTol Acid soil tolerance Protein content in durum wheat semolina. SemoProt Semolina protein content Protein content Semolina Grain thickness Grain Thickness of whole grain. Thickness GThk Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. GFP days Computation 1-8 rust field response scale LeafTR Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Germ Measurement Laboratory seed test for germination should be carried out before seeding to calculate seeding rates or determine the status of storage seed. The percentage of seeds capable of producing normal seedlings under ordinarily favorable conditions (not including seeds which produce weak, malformed, or obviously abnormal sprouts), determined by methods ISTA seed testing protocols. Standard method for stomatal size. StomaSiz Measurement Stem rust severity Stem rust (black rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Plant PgramSev Stem rust severity NHI Computation Calculated as total grain Nitrogen divided by the total biomass Nitrogen. AntDmg Ant damage Plant The plant damage caused by ants. Ant damage Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. Seedling rust field response Estimation Rate using a scale from 0 (0% senescence) to 10 (100% senescence) using the guide, in increments of 10%. FLeafSen Estimation ppm Seedling rust field response Estimation Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. TTTS Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until terminal spikelet(thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Number of stomata counted per unit area on the leaf surface. Stomatal frequency StomaFrq Leaf stomatal frequency Leaf Standard method for crop growth rate. CropGrwRate Computation Grain GScreen Grain screenings Screenings proportion Proportion of small grain passing through a sieve. Normalized water index 4 NWI4 Canopy normalized water index 4 Normalized water index 4 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Canopy Frost damage Frost damage FrostDmg Plant Plant damage caused by frost. stoma/mm2 Standard method for grain phosphorus content. GPhos Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R550. Leaf R550 Measurement HelSpSev Helminthosporium species severity Helminthosporium species severity The disease severity in the plants caused by the agent Helminthosporium species. Plant GApp Estimation Standard method for grain appearance. Fusarium graminearum severity Fusarium graminearum severity Fusarium graminearum severity in the plants. Spike FgramSev Sterility Spike sterility observed as infertile florets. Spike SpkSterility Spike sterility index Foliar disease development Leaf Foliar disease development The plant damage caused by foliar diseases. FolDis Leaf pubescence density Leaf hairiness density. LeafPubDen Pubescence density Leaf Electron transport rate Leaf electron transport rate ETR Transfer of electrons during photosynthesis in light saturated leaf. Leaf Plant Armyworm damage Armyworm damage The plant damage caused by armyworm. ArmyWDmg g/degree C day µmol CO2/mol SrolfResp Southern blight plant response Southern blight plant response Southern blight response in the plants caused by the agent Corticum rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii). Plant 1. A sample of 35 grams of flour on a 14 percent moisture basis is weighed and placed in a mixograph bowl, 2. Water is added to the flour from a buret and the bowl is inserted into the mixograph, 3. The flour and water are mixed together to form a dough, 4. As the dough is mixed, the mixograph records a curve on graph paper. MIXOGRAPH determination AACC 54-40 A Width Grain Grain width GWid Width of whole grain. Grain yellow berry incidence Yellow berry incidence Grain GYellBer Refers to grains showing chalky or starchy endosperm areas. Standard method for armyworm damage. ArmyWDmg Estimation 0-5 FHB field response scale 0-5 incidence scale scale_of StmStrength Estimation Standard method for stem strength. 0-8 Rust infection type Leaf tip necrosis is observed and rated in percentage. LeafTNecro Estimation Size Grain size. Grain size GSize Grain g/l Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Leaf PstriSev Stripe rust severity Stripe rust severity NIR calibrated NIRS Fibre Measurement infertile tiller/m2 Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Leaf Stripe rust incidence PstriInc Stripe rust incidence Count the number of infertile tillers. InfertTN Counting PhordInc Estimation Standard method for Barley leaf rust incidence. FlrYld Measurement Standard method for flour yield. Strength Straw Strength of straw. Straw strength StrawStn Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. PlntVig Estimation Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat. Growth class Growth class Plant GrwCls Plant Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87) in thermal time. Grain filling period thermal time Grain filling period thermal time GFPTT Standard method for standard establishment. StdEst Estimation BM NIRS Computation Calculated as sum of straw Nitrogen content and grain Nitrogen content according to the biomass partition into straw and grain. Spike Karnal bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia indica (syn. Neovossia indica). Karnal bunt incidence Karnal bunt incidence TindiInc Standard method for root disease development. RootDis Estimation Grain lysine content Lysine content Lysine content of the kernel/grain. GLys Grain Asat Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. RcereInc Estimation Main shoots are assessed for sharp eyespot disease. Bacterial leaf streak severity Bacterial leaf streak severity in the plants caused by the agent Xanthomonas translucens. The disease, called black chaff when on the glumes. Bacterial leaf streak severity BLSSev Leaf Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. PrecoSdlgResp Leaf rust seedling response Seedling Leaf rust seedling response Record booting stage (DS45) when 50% of culms present boot swollen. Boot DS45 date Estimation Notes taken in the field. Note Estimation ISBM Measurement Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. Standard method for Alternaria leaf blight field response. AtritResp Estimation FHBSpkInc Estimation Standard method for FHB spike incidence. Coleoptile length Length Coleoptile Length of coleoptile (a protective sheath that surrounds the shoot tip and the embryonic leaves of the young shoot of grasses). ColeopLng Loaf volume LofVol Bread Baking quality of flour describing bread loaf volume. Bread loaf volume 1-4 HRDCLS scale AgrScr Estimation For agronomic score observe visually detectable signs of factors limiting yields and rate. 0-9 AnthExt Leaf TanSpotInc Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot incidence Tan spot incidence Ant DS65 DT Computation Number of days required from sowing to when 50% of spikes have flowered (DS65). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. StomaFrq Counting Standard method for stomatal frequency. Leaf Maximal fluorescence intensity Maximal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. FmDL Leaf maximal fluorescence intensity StritInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch incidence. Standard method for eye spot field response. PherpResp Estimation Plant Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Septoria nodorum blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Stagonospora nodorum (syn. Septoria glume blotch) (Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude (syn. Stagonospora nodorum). Septoria nodorum blotch incidence SnodoInc GVtr Estimation Standard method for seed vitreousness. Leaf Maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured in the leaf. Leaf maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry FvLAFmLA GYPR Computation Calculated with grain yield obtained /days to maturity. HsatiLInc Estimation Standard method for Spot blotch incidence. Leaf Bacterial leaf blight severity Bacterial leaf blight severity Wheat bacterial leaf blight severity in the plants caused by the agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. symptoms: small (less than 0.04 inches) water-soaked lesions expand and eventually coalesce. initial lesions become necrotic and turn from gray-green to tan-white. Entire leaves may become necrotic, but heads and glumes are typically symptomless. BLBSev Leaf Sheath Coefficient = Leaf Sheath DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf sheath is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. LeafSPI Computation 1-9 SPKDEN scale Black point incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of grain with black point symptoms. BlkPtInc Estimation Standard method for glume length. GlmLng Measurement Boot DS39 date Estimation Record date of initiation of booting stage when 50% of the culms expected to produce spikes are between DS39 (Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible) and DS41 (Flag leaf sheath extending). LeafPSSRa Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Pubescence length Glume pubescence length on outer side of sterile glume. Glume pubescence length GlmPubLng Glume Standard method for glume width. GlmWid Measurement 0-5 TANSPOT field response scale spike/m Heat tolerance Plant tolerance to heat conditions. HeatTol Plant Heat tolerance Tilletia laevis incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TlaevInc Estimation Is the result of dividing sedimentation volume by flour protein content. Sedimentation index Flour SDS sedimentation index Flour SedIdx Calculated as the grain yield divided by the total soil Nitrogen. NUE Computation Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll b Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Leaf LeafPSSRb Rarsc is an estimation of carotenoid content. Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid RARSc Canopy Visual observation of grains size. GSize Estimation FmLA Measurement Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. 1. A 10-gram sample of flour or ground wheat is weighed and placed into the glutomatic washing chamber on top of the polyester screen, 2. The sample is mixed and washed with a 2 percent salt solution for 5 minutes, 3. The wet gluten is removed from the washing chamber, placed in the centrifuge holder, and centrifuged, 4. The residue retained on top of the screen and through the screen is weighed. FLRGluCon Measurement tiller/m2 True Stem Coefficient = True stem DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of true stem is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. TSPI Computation SrolfResp Estimation Standard method for southern blight response. 15).]]> FlrYellCls Measurement Standard method for Stripe rust incidence. PstriInc Estimation Loose smut incidence Spike Loose smut incidence in the plants caused by ustilago tritici. Loose smut incidence UtritInc FHBSplInc Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence Spikelet Fusarium head blight (scab) spikelets incidence caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FoDA Measurement Biomass production rate Biomass production rate. Production per day Biomass BMPR StrawCol Estimation Standard method for straw color. Extent to which long days hasten flowering. Plant PhotopResp Plant photoperiod response Photoperiod response Spikelet number SplN Spikelet Number Number of spikelets per spike. 0-9 RCERE scale 1-5 TANSPOT field response scale Minolta Chroma Meter Test Measurement of flour/whole meal/grain color with the Minolta chromameter, L value represents whiteness, a* value (reddishness) represents red and green colors and b* value (yellowness) represents yellow and blue colors. Using the Minolta Chroma Meter Test: 1. A sample of flour/whole meal/grain is placed on the granular materials attachment and compacted, 2. The Minolta Chroma Meter is inserted into the granular materials attachment, 3. Measurements are taken and recorded, 4.Color results are reported in terms of 3-dimensional color values based on the following rating scale: L* value whiteness: 100 white, 0 black, a* value positive +60 red color, negative values -60 green color, b* value positive +60 yellow color, negative values -60 blue color. Standard method for whole meal flour falling number. WMFlrFN Measurement 1-8 generic disease field response scale SpkLng Measurement Measured in centimeters from the base of the spike to the tip excluding the awns (average of 6-10 random spikes in plot). Fs Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Grain weight usually expressed as weight of single, one hundred, two hundred or thousand grains. Grain GW Weight Grain weight FmDA Measurement Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. Textile treatment is used to inhibit photosynthesis of the spikes through shading(comparison between control and treated spikes). Randomly selected spikes (for example: 12 spikes) per plot are covered with a special designed textile 10 days after anthesis under irrigation and drought or 10 days after heading under heat environments. Then, at physiological maturity the spikes are harvested together with 12 control spikes and the number of grains and weight are recorded and compared the treated spikes with the control ones (Sanchez-Bragado et al., 2016). SpkPho Computation StritResp Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch response. Capacity of a seedling or plant to grow vegetatively in early stages of development. ErlVig Plant Early vigour Plant early vigour Glutenin Glu-B3 composition GluB3 Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b3. Flour Glutenin Glu-B3 composition GrwCls Estimation Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat Count or calculate the number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per lineal meter, per plant or per square meter. TN Counting Length Rachis length Rachis Length of rachis. RachLng GrndCov Measurement High throughput approaches to measuring ground cover are: visual assessment or digital analysis of photographs kg/ha Solidness of stem. Stem StmSol Stem solidness Solidness Standard method for test weight. AACC 55-10 or SeedCount management procedure Leaf PhordCI Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection Barley leaf rust incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection Flour Flour gluten content Gluten content FLRGluCon Content of wet gluten in flour. PgramSdlgResp Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Seedling Stem rust seedling response Stem rust seedling response First node detectable time is when the stem starts the elongation or jointing period, first node becomes visible as it appears above the soil surface. FND First node detectable time Plant First node detectable time 1-3 SEDVTR scale BMNUE Computation Calculated as the above ground biomass divided by the total soil Nitrogen. Structural independent pigment index Structural independent pigment index uses wavelengths showing the best semi-empirical estimation of the carotenoid chlorophyll a ratio (car:chla ratio), and its formulation minimizes the disrupting effects of leaf surface and mesophyll structure. SIPI Canopy structural independent pigment index Canopy Image Analysis Screen Count2 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.8 ? 2.5 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Barley leaf rust incidence Barley leaf rust incidence Leaf PhordInc Barley leaf rust incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. StomaSiz Leaf Leaf stomatal size Stomata size. Stomatal size A vegetation index related with canopy structure, light absorption and photosynthetic capacity. SR Simple ratio Canopy Canopy simple ratio FolDis Estimation Standard method for foliar disease development. SLA Measurement Leaf area of flag leaf or all laminas is measured. Then the leaves are oven dried at 60-70oC for 48h and the dry weight is recorded. Then, the specific leaf area is calculated as the ratio of leaf area to dry mass SLA= leaf area/dry mass. Stripe rust seedling response PstriSdlgResp Seedling Stripe rust seedling response Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the seedlings caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Flour High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d1. Glutenin Glu-D1 composition GluD1 Glutenin Glu-D1 composition grain/spikelet Grain phosphorous content GPhos Content of phosphorus in grain. Grain Phosphorous content 1-5 Phenological relative scale Leaf pubescent length. LeafPubLng Pubescence length Leaf Leaf pubescence length Leaf Lamina partitioning index LeafPI Leaf lamina partitioning index Leaf lamina partitioning index. Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until physiological maturity (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTM Computation Standard method for gas exchange measurement. PhiCO2 Measurement 0-12 Modified Cobb Scale Grain Content of amylopectin in grain. Amylopectin content Grain amylopectin content GAmyloPec StmSol Estimation Standard method for stem solidness. Flour The falling number is defined as the time in seconds required stirring and allowing stirrer to fall a measured distance through a hot aqueous flour or meal gel undergoing liquefaction due to a-amylase activity. Falling number FlrFN Flour falling number Spike Shattering Observation of grains dehiscence from spike at maturity. Shattering Spike shattering %/min AlTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a soil presenting aluminum toxicity and rate the tolerance. spikelet Color The semolina color. SemoCol Semolina color Semolina FHBSpkResp Estimation Standard method for FHB spike response. RsolaInc Estimation Standard method for rhizoctonia root rot incidence. Dough alveograph extensibility index Alveograph extensibility index AlvIe Dough It is the extensibility index of the dough. (p200/p)*100, p200: pressure (p) at 4 cm (l= 40mm) of the curve. delta 13C Diameter Stem outer diameter. Stem diameter StmDia Stem TilSpSpkInc Estimation Common bunt incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. StomaRes Stomatal resistance Leaf stomatal resistance Leaf Resistance to diffusion of water vapor through a plant stomata. GLng Length of whole grain. Length Grain length Grain s/m SpkGW Measurement Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. Leaf sheath partitioning index LeafSPI Leaf Sheath partitioning index Leaf sheath partitioning index. Gfibre Grain fibre content Fibre content Grain Content of fibre (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Calculated with final biomass obtained /days to maturity. BMPR Computation ?mol/m2/s GPD Computation Calculated as the deviation from the yield-protein linear regression. Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until anthesis (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTA Computation Record date of physiological maturity (approx. DS87). It is estimated as when the grain reaches the maximum dry weight and the grain becomes viable. It is most easily determined in-field when 50% of the peduncles are ripe (i.e., yellow). Mat DS87 date Estimation GMoi Estimation Moisture content is determined by drying a grain wheat sample in an air oven and comparing the weight of the sample before and after heating. The amount of weight loss is the moisture content. Moisture content results are expressed as a percentage. The number of infertile spikelets (i.e., those NOT containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. InfertSpkN Counting The fraction of Nitrogen recovered in the harvested grain as a function of the total Nitrogen taken up. Plant Nitrogen harvest index Nitrogen harvest index NHI 1-4 PRECO scale 1-6 Phenological relative scale FHBAUDPC Computation Calculate area under disease progress curve. Number of days from sowing to initiation of booting (DS39-DS41). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Boot DS39 DT Computation ml 1-5 Septoria response scale Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. PnegleDmg Estimation Spike disease development Spike SpkDis The plant damage caused by spike diseases. Spike disease development plant/m2 Sharp eyespot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia cerealis. Sharp eyespot incidence RcereInc Sharp eyespot incidence Plant SproutTol Estimation Observe the tendency of grain to sprout when in the spike and rate the tolerance. SedIdx Measurement Standard method for sedimentation index. ColdTol Plant tolerance to lower temperatures than the optimum. Plant Cold tolerance Cold tolerance FvLA Measurement Variable fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FoxiWilt Estimation Standard method for Fusarium wilt incidence. 1-3 STDEST scale Standard method for leaf rust response. PrecoResp Estimation Standard method for wheat blast severity. MgrisSev Estimation ISBM Estimation Standard method for In-season aboveground biomass. Standard method for screening grain size distribution <1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count6 Standard method for dwarf bunt incidence. TcontInc Estimation Standard method for leaf pubescence density. LeafPubDen Estimation Standard method for leaf rolling incidence. LRollInc Estimation 1-3 GRNCOL scale Hail damage Plant Plant damage caused by hail. HailDmg Hail damage Standard method for grain hardness class. GHrd Measurement Plant StritResp Septoria tritici blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Septoria tritici blotch plant response Septoria tritici blotch plant response RepP Reproductive period Time between double ridge (approx. ds14) and anthesis (ds65). Reproductive period Plant 1-5 incidence scale HeatTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/R550. Leaf R750/R550 Measurement Stem Color of the stems. Color Stem color StmCol Mixograph mixing time Dough Time required for the dough development from beginning of mixing flour and water to the dough reaches maximum consistency (peak). MixTim Dough Mixograph mixing time 1-3 GLMCOL scale NeckBreak Estimation Standard method for neck break. NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement SBMVInc Leaf Soil borne mosaic incidence Soil borne mosaic incidence in the plants caused by the agent soilborne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv) which is vectored by Plasmodiophorid polymyxa graminis. Soil borne mosaic incidence Standard method for yield factor GYFac Computation Leaf carbon isotope discrimination LeafCID Leaf Carbon isotope discrimination Leaves carbon isotope discrimination can be measured in the leaves during early canopy development in well irrigated trials, in which case genotypic effects will be related mainly to transpiration efficiency. 1-5 LRoll scale GlmPubLng Measurement Standard method for glume pubescence length. Standard method for straw breakage. StrawBreak Estimation Nitrogen content Above ground biomass nitrogen content Nitrogen content of the above ground biomass. Plant BMNitr Wsurv Estimation Standard method for winter survival. Sample as for spikelets per spike randomly select 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the spikelets, thresh, count grains, and calculate, or less accurately simply calculate from calculated grains per spike and measured spikelet number. GrnSpl Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTB Computation Standard method for hessian fly damage. HesFlyDmg Estimation Distorted leaves and stems are evident prior to heading. As diseased plants approach maturity, galls are formed in the florets, replacing the kernels. The galls are similar in shape to the seed they replace and are dark brown in color. Large numbers of motile larvae are present within the galls and become active after the galls have been moistened. These nematodes can act as vectors of Clavibacter tritici. SGNDmg Estimation Grain fill rate GFR Plant Grain fill rate Grain weight increase per day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Standard method for suni pest damage. SuPDmg Estimation variable_of Standard method for awnedness. Awns Estimation 1-6 MIXTYP scale 0-9 scoring scale Severity of rust in spike is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. PstriSpkSev Estimation Record date of double ridge stage (DS14-15 approx.). Double ridge signifies that the plant?s main growing point will produce no more primordial leaves, and instead will produce primordial spikelets of the young spike. The dissection and observation of the main tiller apex on an optic magnifier is required. DR date Estimation LRollSev Estimation Standard method for leaf rolling severity. Calculated as the index (ratio) of infected spikelets over total number of spikelets by Calonectria nivalis (Fusarium nivale, F. graminearum) causing scab disease in spike. FHBSplInc Computation plant/ha Standard method for barley stripe mosaic virus incidence. BSMV Estimation TSpl DT Computation Number of days from sowing to terminal spikelet (DS25-30 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Plant Herbicide damage Herbicide damage HerbicideDmg Plant damage caused by herbicide. Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with chemical method Antrone. StmWSC Atrone Measurement Chl Measurement The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ?chlorophyll concentration index? (CCI, ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on the flag leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles. The weight of the grain taken per tiller. TllrGW Measurement SpkLng Spike length Length of spike. Length Spike Septoria tritici blotch incidence StritInc Plant Septoria tritici blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Septoria tritici blotch incidence 1-5 HRDCLS scale NutE Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency Grain Nitrogen utilization efficiency Nitrogen utilization efficiency as the grain dry mass in relation to the total amount of Nitrogen in above-ground plant at harvest. Grain Standard method for spectral reflectance. LeafPSSRb Measurement Double ridge time is just when apex changes from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. Double ridge time DRidge Double ridge time Plant TanSpotSdlgResp Estimation Standard method for scoring tan spot response in seedlings. Standard method for russian wheat aphid damage. DnoxiDmg Estimation g/200 grain 0-9 Mc Neal scale STRNUp Computation Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the straw at harvest. 0-4 PRECO scale Standard method for spike density. SpkDen Estimation plant/m Standard method for leaf width. LeafWid Measurement Standard method for insect damage. InsectDmg Estimation StmWallThk Measurement Standard method for stem wall thickness. AlvG Dough Alveograph value G Dough alveograph value G G stands for the square root of the volume of air in the bubble that was possible before the bubble burst. shows how flexible the dough was during the test. Observe threshability by hand threshing of one or two spikes and rate it according how easily grains are separated from the rachis and glumes using 1 (hard to thresh) to 9 (easy to thresh) scale. Threshblty Estimation ErlVig Estimation Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. Fusarium head blight spike weight Spike Fusarium head blight spike weight FHBSpkWt Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Leaf Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot severity Tan spot severity TanSpotSev Tilletia tritici incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TtritInc Estimation Standard method for grain plumpness. GPlump Estimation Zadoks or decimal code (00-99) cm2 AwnCol Estimation Standard method for awn color.