spikelets/spike SPLSPK CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPLSPK_num SplN_Ct_SplSpk CIMMYT SEMOCOL_b_value SemoCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GCol_M_avalue CIMMYT GRNCOL_a_value SEMOYELPIG_ppm SemoYellPig_M_ppm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RepP_Calc_pct REPPERIOD_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLeafLLng_M_cm HGRAM_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HgramInc_E_pct CIMMYT Asat_M_umolCO2m2s1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Lodg_E_0to5pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LODG_0_5 Luzie U Wingen JIC GRNFibre_pct GFibre_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ErlVig_E_1to5 ERLVIG_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FgramSev_E_00to99 FGRAM_00_99__SEV CIMMYT good to very good (G-VG) 7 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkPho_Textile_pct CIMMYT TTIB_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafTNecro_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFTNECR _pct moderate to high 6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Germ_M_pct GERM_pct CIMMYT GermiTest_pct Susceptible (S) - Moderate pycnidial formation, lesions coalescing considerably. S 23 20% plant height affected, 30% coverage Oblong 3 LODG_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Lodg_E_0to9pct CIMMYT 30 30 LodgInc_N_T_S_M_V LODG_1_5 CIMMYT Lodg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHB_index__SPLINC FHBSplInc_Calc_Idx 03 Germination, Imbibition complete 28 Tillering, Main shoot and 8 Tillers leaf rim starts to roll 2 HI_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HI_index CIMMYT GPD_Calc_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC SpkSterility_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STERIND_pct CIMMYT 0 0% (no uredia) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BLSSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT BLS_00_99 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FoLA_M_Idx very poor (VP) 1 CRMSTR_1_5 CIMMYT CrmStr_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AWNLNG _cm AwnLng_M_cm moderate 5 RepP_Calc_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla REPPERIOD_days CIMMYT CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TSPI_M_Idx SpkDW_Calc_gm2 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EGRAM_0_5__INC EgramInc_E_0to5 low to intermediate 4 ROOTDIS_1_5 RootDis_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RootDis_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT TestWt_M_kghl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TESTWT_kg_hl CIMMYT GRNCOL_L_value GCol_M_Lvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GROWTHCLS_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrwCls_E_1to3 CIMMYT 1 none CIMMYT LeafCID_M_delta13C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAVESCID_delta 29 20% plant height affected, 90% coverage GLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ISBM_M_gPlot ISBM_g_plot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GAmyloPec_M_pct CIMMYT red R PH_M_cm CIMMYT PH_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SedIdx_M_mlpct SEDINDX_ml_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT STEMWSC_pct CIMMYT StmWSC_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BOOTDATE BOOTD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT Boot_date_ymd BOOTD FHB_pct__AUDPC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBAUDPC_Calc_pct FlrSDS_M_ml CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRSDS_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmPubLng_M_um GLMPUBLNG_um CIMMYT Ripening, Seed not dormant 97 medium (M) M CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Amax_M_umolCO2m2s2 32 Stem elongation or jointing, 2nd node detectable BM_t_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BM_Calc_tha FHB_pct__GRNINC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBGInc_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLEAFA _cm2 FLeafA_M_cm2 GgtriInc_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GGTRI_1_5_INC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_E_1to5 CIMMYT 9 head prematurely ripened (whitehead) or plant collapsed with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem, or shoot killed as the ear emerges from the sheath with sharp eyespot lesions on the shoot 5 Amber CIMMYT StrawCol_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FROSTDMGP_1_9 FrostDmg_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SGNDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ATRITDMG _pct CIMMYT LEAFPUBDEN_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafPubDen_E_0to9 StritInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STRIT_pct__INC CIMMYT 01 Germination, Water uptake (imbibition) started ISBM_Calc_kgha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_kg_ha CIMMYT 29 Tillering, Main shoot and 9 or more Tillers 89 Late hard dough (difficult to dent) CIMMYT GW200_g GW_M_g200grn Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLMCOL_1_3 GlmCol_E_1to3 CIMMYT CIMMYT GY_tha Yld_tha GY_Calc_tha GRNYLD_t_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LRollSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLUB1_text GluB1_M_text MS moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some clorosis possible Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HtereInc_E_pct HTERE_pct__INC GrwHabit_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GHABIT_1_5 CIMMYT PrecoSdlgResp_E_0to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SemoProt_Kjl_pct SEMOPROT _pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GFILLPERIOD_pct GFP_calc_pct Heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf base (Z) Z EGRAM_00_99__SEV EgramSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT RARSb_index RARSb_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BLBSev_E_00to99 BLB_00_99__SEV CIMMYT Tillering, Main shoot and 2 Tillers 22 Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount6_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StrawYld_E_tha CIMMYT 30% plant height affected, 40% coverage 34 CIMMYT PEDPBD_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PedPubDen_E_0to9 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FvDAFmDA_M_Idx 60% plant height affected, 20% coverage 62 73 70% plant height affected, 30% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GWid_M_mm CIMMYT PRECO_1_8__ADLTRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PrecoResp_E_1to8 Seedling development , 5 leaves unfolded 15 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafR675_M_Idx 17 Seedling development , 7 leaves unfolded 65 60% plant height affected, 50% coverage 80% plant height affected, 50% coverage 85 CIMMYT SN_Calc_Spksm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SNO_spk_m2 BirdDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BIRDDMG_pct CIMMYT highly tolerant 9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SN_M_Spksm SNO_spk_m 35 30% plant height affected, 50% coverage GRSA_M_mm2 GsurfA_M_mm2 Luzie U Wingen JIC CIMMYT GYPR_Calc_gm2day Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Ci_M_umolCO2mol1 Wheat ontology SR_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SR_index CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount2_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FvDA_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Luzie U Wingen JIC AGBMNitr_M_pct CIMMYT FgramResp_E_0to5 FGRAM_0_5__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVW_joules Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AlvW_M_joules FHB_ppm__DON Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBDON_M_ppm CIMMYT LEAFLNG_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafLng_M_cm GRNCOL_1_3 GCol_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT semi-hard (SH, 45-50) SH PlntStnd_Calc_Plntm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLNTSTND_pl_m2 CIMMYT GlmLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLMLNG_mm CIMMYT 30% plant height affected, 80% coverage 38 APHDMG_1_5 AphDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 80% anther extrusion 8 CIMMYT InsectDmg_E_pct INSECTDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 9 >90% anther extrusion 60% plant height affected, 40% coverage 64 JIC GNitr_NIRS_pct Luzie U Wingen GRN_pct WormDmg_E_pct CIMMYT WORMDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT UTRIT_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla UtritInc_E_pct CIMMYT RARSa_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RARSa_index CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkPI_Calc_Idx CIMMYT RODDMG_pct RodentDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HgramInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT HGRAM_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT APHDMG_pct AphDmg_E_pct CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount3_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 70% anther extrusion 7 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StrawStn_E_1to3 19 10% plant height affected, 90% coverage WMFLRCOL_L_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrCol_M_Lvalue CIMMYT ANTDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AntDmg_E_pct GRNSPL GRNSPL_num CIMMYT GrnSpl_Calc_GrnSpl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla grains/spikelet CIMMYT FHB_1_8__SPKRESP FHBSpkResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Hd_relat_1to5 RELTHD_1_5 RELTHD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkTyp_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EgramInc_E_pct CIMMYT EGRAM_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTB Boot_dto_day BOOT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DTB_days PhordInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT PHORD_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla high 4 AlvIe_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVIe_pct CIMMYT very early (VE) 1 LofVol_M_ml LOFVOL_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 5 50% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvPL_Calc_Idx CIMMYT ALVPL_index ISBM_t_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_Calc_tha CIMMYT ATRIT _1_8__RESP AtritResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT GCID_M_delta13C GRAINCID_delta Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FmLA_M_Idx GRNIRON_mg_kg CIMMYT GrnIron_M_mgkg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EDATE EMERDATE Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Emergence date CIMMYT Emer_date_ymd EMERD EMERD_yyyymmdd BTol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BORONTOL_1_9 CIMMYT susceptible to moderately susceptible 4 CIMMYT BYD_0_9 BYDInc_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNCOL_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrYld_M_pct CIMMYT FLRYLD FLRYD Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafPSSRa_M_Idx CIMMYT PthornDmg_E_pct PTHORN_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha TllrGW_M_g CIMMYT CiCa_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKill_E_0to9 WKILL_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TTA_Calc_Cday CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SLA_M_m2kg1 5 5% (1.85% occupied by uredia) JIC NutE_Calc_kgkgN Nitrogen utilisation efficiency Luzie U Wingen PH_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RELTPH_1_5 CIMMYT CIMMYT GLUTYP_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluTyp_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TlaevInc_E_pct CIMMYT TLAEV_pct__INC EGRAM_1_5__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EgramInc_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriSev_E_pct CIMMYT PSTRI_pct__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NodeNO_Ct_node CIMMYT NODENO _num CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass4_pct 96 Ripening, 50% of viable seed germinates 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GCol_M_bvalue CIMMYT GRNCOL_b_value 20% plant height affected, 10% coverage 21 GLMPUBDEN _0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GlmPubDen_E_0to9 no visible infection (0) 0 UtritInc_E_1to9 UTRIT_1_9__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 moderately resistant, small to medium uredinia often surrounded by Chlorosis or necrosis, green island may be surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic border (2) Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RUET_Calc_gMJ CIMMYT 6 3 low very low 2 93 Ripening, Kernel loosening in daytime ROOTROT_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RootRot_E_0to9pct CIMMYT Awns_E_0to1 JIC Luzie U Wingen AWNS_0_1 I intermediate (M), lesions of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GThk_M_mm CIMMYT StmDia_M_mm STMDIA_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMFRQ_num CIMMYT STMFRQ StomaFrq_Ct_stomamm2 NHI_Calc_pct Luzie U Wingen Nitrogen harvest index JIC CIMMYT AGRSCR_0_9 AgrScr_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNPROT_pct CIMMYT GProt_Kjl_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriResp_E_0to9 CIMMYT PSTRI_0_9__RESP TindiInc_E_pct CIMMYT TINDI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LRollInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Flowering or anthesis, Flowering complete 69 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhotopResp_E_1to9 CIMMYT PHOTORESPO_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PEDGLAU_0_9 PedGlau_E_0to9 E early (E) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmCol_E_1to6 CIMMYT CIMMYT DTIB Boot_dtoInit_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTIB_days Seedling development , 8 leaves unfolded 18 RLNDmg_E_pct RLESDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT W white 31 30% plant height affected, 10% coverage PRI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EGRAM_1_9__INC EgramInc_E_1to9 very hard (VH) VH 80% plant height affected, 80% coverage 88 40% plant height affected, 20% coverage 42 1 unrolled, turgid Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla YELBER_pct GYellBer_M_pct CIMMYT 70 70% (25.9% occupied by uredia) stem softened with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem 8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFWID_mm LeafWid_M_mm CIMMYT BlkPtInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BLKPT_pct CIMMYT VS very susceptible (VS), > 50 % of infection Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FROSTDMG_1_5__SPK CIMMYT FrostDmg_N_T_S_M_V FrostDmg_E_1to5 RachLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafTR_M_mmolH2Om2s1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TSpl_dto_day DTTS CIMMYT DTTS_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PlntStnd_Ct_PlntPlot PLNTSTND_pl_plot 1 weak 8 dense to very dense Luzie U Wingen BMNUtE_Calc_kgkgN JIC TANSPOT_0_5__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TanSpotSdlgResp_E_0to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNDCOV_pct GrndCov_M_pct 3 30% coverage HelSpSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HELSP_00_99 CIMMYT LEAFTHK_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafThk_M_um CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CROPGRWRATE_g_m2_day CropGrwRate_Calc_gm2day CIMMYT CIMMYT PEDLNG _cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PedLng_M_cm GHrd_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNHRD_pct Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing MS highly susceptible 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTA_days Ant_dto_day ANT CIMMYT DAYSAN CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass6_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RsecaSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT T1BL1RS_0_1 T1BL1RS_M_0to1 DROUGHTTOL_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DroughtTol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Seedling development , 3 leaves unfolded 13 RsecaSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RSECA_00_99__SEV CIMMYT GHrd_M_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HRDCLS_1_4 67 60% plant height affected, 70% coverage CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTB_Calc_Cday PhordCI_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PHORD_pct__CI CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AgrScr_E_1to5 AGRSCR_1_5 3 low damage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FrostDmg_E_pct FROSTDMGP_pct CIMMYT TSD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TSpl_date_ymd TSD CIMMYT StdEst_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 30% anther extrusion 3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HNECRO_0_1 HNecro_E_0to1 CIMMYT GRNDCOV_pct__GS15 GrndCov_GS15_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFLRSDS_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFlrSDS_M_ml CIMMYT GGTRI_pct__INC GgtriInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 30% (11.1% occupied by uredia) 30 CIMMYT PhiCO2_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Stem elongation or jointing, Pseudo stem erection 30 16 Seedling development , 6 leaves unfolded 7 moderate one or more sharp eyespot lesions on upper (as well as lower) sheaths but no symptoms on the stem 2 CIMMYT MIXTYP_1_6 MixTyp_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla COLEOPLNG _cm CIMMYT ColeopLng_M_cm GFILLPERIOD_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GFP_calc_day CIMMYT S susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SpkGW_M_g StayGreen_E_1to5 STAYGREEN_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis MR-MS CIMMYT NBREAK_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NeckBreak_E_pct CIMMYT StmSol_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMSOL_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPKDEN_1_9 CIMMYT SpkDen_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HTERE_00_99__SEV CIMMYT HtereSev_E_00to99 SHATTERING_pct Shattering_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 very low to low 6 very late (VL) Booting, First awns visible 49 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_pct__CI CIMMYT PgramCI_Calc_pct HailDmg_E_0to9 HAILDMG_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TGW_g CIMMYT TGW GW_M_g1000grn Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TKW THOUWT InsectDmg_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT INSECTDMG_1_5 InsectDmg_E_1to5 SNAILDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SnailDmg_E_pct CIMMYT nearly immune, no uredinia, but hypersensitive necrotic or chlorotic flecks present (,) , PstriCI_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_pct__CI CIMMYT CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Fs_M_Idx BM_g_pl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_M_gPlnt CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount4_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT FnivLBSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FNIVLB_00_99__SEV soft (S) S 87 80% plant height affected, 70% coverage VR very resistant (VR), average pycnidial density of 0-5% CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafR750R700_M_Idx MS-S moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) GRNRETEN_pct CIMMYT GReten_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT NWI2_index NWI2_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Fusiform 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SUPDMG _1_5 SuPDmg_E_1to5 StmWSC_Atrone_pct CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PlntStnd_Calc_Plntha CIMMYT PLNTSTND_pl_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RSpkGP_Calc_pct 8 high to very high Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass1_pct CIMMYT 4 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 2/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CT_M_C CIMMYT CT_C TilSpSpkInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TILSP_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ForgDM_E_pct CIMMYT LAI_index CIMMYT LAI_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TN_Ct_Tllrm2 CIMMYT TNO_tll_m2 CIMMYT AcdTol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ACDTOL _1_5 30% plant height affected, 20% coverage 32 BSMV_E_0to9pct CIMMYT BSMV_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 3 medium P purple FLRCOL_b_value CIMMYT FlrCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhiPS2_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrnTllr_Calc_GrnTllr Rosemary Shrestha CIMMYT STRNUP_Calc_kgha Luzie U Wingen JIC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RARSc_index RARSc_M_Idx 63 60% plant height affected, 30% coverage SnodoInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SNODO_pct__INC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BYDInc_E_pct CIMMYT BYD_pct GLUB3_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GluB3_M_text 3 60% coverage No symptom of sharp eyespot 0 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CGR_Calc_gm2day Dough development, Hard dough (thumbnail impression held) 87 INFERTNO_tll_m2 CIMMYT InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AVLG_mm AlvG_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MS medium strong (MS) PgramSdlgResp_E_0to8 CIMMYT PGRAM_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla R Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis moderately tolerant 7 VS very short (VS) Mat_dto_day DAYSMT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTM CIMMYT MAT DTM_days grains/spike GRNSPK_num GRNSPK Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrnSpk_Calc_GrnSpk CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEPSP_1_5__RESP CIMMYT SepSpResp_E_1to5 FLEAFSEN_pct FLeafSen_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT intermadiate to dense 6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FROSTDMGP_0_9 CIMMYT FrostDmg_E_0to9 FGRAM_pct__INC FgramInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 20% anther extrusion HR Highly Resistant (HR) - No or only occasional isolated pycnidia formed, particularly in older leaf tissue, hypersensitive flecking in younger leaf tissue. 1 NDVI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT NDVI_M_Idx 2 very poor to poor (VP-P) 3 large Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TcontInc_E_pct TCONT_pct CIMMYT PRECO_0_4__RESP CIMMYT PrecoResp_E_0to4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrFN_M_s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFLRFN_s STRNitr_NIRS_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC AlTol_E_1to9 ALUTOL_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHB_0_5__SPKRESP FHBSpkResp_E_0to5 GRNPROT_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GProt_NIRS_pct TNO_tll_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TN_Ct_Tllrm RELTMT_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RELTMT Mat_relat_1to5 MS moderately Susceptible (MS), medium-sized lesions, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis MR Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PhordSev_E_0to12 PHORD_0_12__SEV Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass3_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC GNUP_Calc_kgha GRWSTG_00_99 CIMMYT GrwStg_Zdks_00to99 DECODS Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 2 mid-strong RELTMT_1_6 CIMMYT RELTMT Mat_relat_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla intermediate (M), pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis I Booting, Boot just visibly swollen 43 5 very dense CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafPI_M_Idx low to intermediate damage 4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_1_8__ADLTRESP PgramResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT very good (VG) 3 high 4 STMSIZ _um StomaSiz_M_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT PHPRP_1_8__RESP PherpResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFLRCOL_b_value WMFlrCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 5 very severe (V) 69 60% plant height affected, 90% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Wsurv_E_pct CIMMYT 98 Ripening, Secondary dormancy 51 Heading, First spikelet of head visible immune (0), no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection I TTTS_Calc_Cday CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HtereSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT H hard (H, <45) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HEATTTOL_1_5 HeatTol_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmWSC_NIR_pct TTH_Calc_Cday CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHB_num__SPLINC FHBSplInc_Ct_SplInfect DTH_days Hd_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HEAD DAYSHD CIMMYT DTH TANSPOT_1_5__ADLTRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TanSpotResp_E_1to5 0 No visible affection SpkLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPKLNG_cm CIMMYT PlntVig_E_1to5 CIMMYT PLNTVIG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla poor (P) 3 moderately resistant (MR), 9 to 11 % of infection MR Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AnthExt_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT PHORD_pct__SEV PhordSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DR CIMMYT DTDR_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DRidge_dto_day DTDR CIMMYT COLDTOL_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ColdTol_E_1to5 6 moderately susceptible to moderately tolerant 4 40% coverage 4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla COLDTOL_pct CIMMYT ColdTol_E_pct CIMMYT GRNPHOS_mg_kg GPhos_M_mgkg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PgramNote_E_text low to medium 4 weak (W) W CIMMYT CTD_C CTD_Calc_C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla UagroResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT UAGRO_1_8__RESP 1 highly susceptible 5 50% plants with broken straw 1 white dense 4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLys_M_pct CIMMYT BirdDmg_E_1to5 BIRDDMG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BirdDmg_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT MixTq_M_pctmin MIXTQ_pct_min Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 19 Seedling development , 9 or more leaves unfolded 2 early (E) PrecoCI_Calc_pct PRECO_pct__CI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GluA3_M_text GLUA3_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Lodg_E_pct CIMMYT LODG_pct DnoxiDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DNOXI_pct GSize_E_1to3 CIMMYT GRNSIZE_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla immune, no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection (0) I HesFlyDmg_E_pct HESFDMG _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AlvP_M_mm ALVP_mm Boot_dateInit_ymd CIMMYT IBD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla IBD Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis R T tall (T) 3 sparse 7 high damage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKILL_1_5 WKill_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafGlau_E_1to5 CIMMYT LEAFGLAU_1_5 CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass2_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRCOL_a_value CIMMYT FlrCol_M_avalue acronym 89 80% plant height affected, 90% coverage Anet_M_umolCO2m2s2 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriSdlgResp_E_0to8 PSTRI_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TANSPOT_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TanSpotSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT TANSPOT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TanSpotInc_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT PLNTSTND_pl_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PlntStnd_Ct_Plntm 57 50% plant height affected, 70% coverage 1 present 90% plant height affected, 20% coverage 92 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Yld_kgha GY_kgha CIMMYT GRNYLD_kg_ha GY_Calc_kgha FlrCol_M_Lvalue CIMMYT FLRCOL_L_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 70% plant height affected, 90% coverage 79 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLOTGRNYLD_kg CIMMYT GY_M_kgPlot CIMMYT AgrScr_E_1to9 AGRSCR_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 40 40% (14.8% occupied by uredia) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GHrd_M_1to3 HRDCLS_1_3 HSATIL_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HsatiLInc_E_pct CIMMYT HRDCLS_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GHrd_M_1to5 CIMMYT late (L) 5 RUE_Calc_gMJ CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT STMLNG_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmLng_M_cm none 1 70% plants with broken straw 7 50% (18.5% occupied by uredia) 50 STMCOND_mmol_m2_s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StomaCond_M_mmolm2s CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_pct__SPKSEV CIMMYT PstriSpkSev_E_pct resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules R 1 6 intermediate to dense SROLF_1_8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SrolfResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SepSpResp_E_0to5 SEPSP_0_5__RESP CIMMYT PNEGLE_pct PnegleDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Lodg_E_1to9 LODG_1_9 CIMMYT moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR CIMMYT StmStrength_E_1to9 STMSTRENGTH_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUD1_text GluD1_M_text CIMMYT 5 intermediate 3 75 Kernel and milk development, Medium milk (milky liquid) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNH20_pct GMoi_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrProt_NIRS_pct FLRPROT_pct RNDVI_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RNDVI_index S soft (S, >55) NupE_Calc_kgkgN JIC Luzie U Wingen H hard (H) S spring 71 70% plant height affected, 10% coverage PRECO_0_12__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PrecoSev_E_0to12 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFPUBLNG _um CIMMYT LeafPubLng_M_um VR very resistance 8 5 Elliptical 6 fair to good (F-G) CIMMYT GNDVI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GNDVI_index 27 20% plant height affected, 70% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFLRCOL_a_value WMFlrCol_M_avalue SemoProt_NIRS_pct CIMMYT SEMOPROT _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafR550_M_Idx moderately susceptible, medium-sized uredinia that may be associated with chlorosis (3) 3 intermediate to moderate 6 5 medium PrecoSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRECO_pct__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLOTGRNYLD_g CIMMYT GY_M_gPlot awnletted (short) 3 solid 3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoResp_E_1to4 CIMMYT PRECO_1_4__RESP Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing MS insensitive 0 40% plant height affected, 40% coverage 44 CIMMYT FLeafLWid_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StritSev_E_00to99 STRIT_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla none (N) 1 52 50% plant height affected, 20% coverage StomaRes_M_sm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMRES_s_m CIMMYT InfertSpkN_Ct_SplSpk CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount5_pct CIMMYT Dough development, Early dough (elastic, dry and shiny) 83 S spreading (S) 0 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TN_Ct_TllrPlnt TNO_tll_pl CIMMYT GRNYLD_g_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_gm2 Yld_gm2 GY_Calc_gm2 L late (L) 31 Stem elongation or jointing, 1st node detectable Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FgramSev_E_pct CIMMYT 9 90 90 very sparse 1 50% plant height affected, 90% coverage 59 6 intermediate to high damage 2 very low 50% plant height affected, 50% coverage 55 no visible infection (0) 0 WKILL_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKill_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT VEGPERIOD_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla VgP_calc_pct PGRAM_0_12__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PgramSev_E_0to12 CIMMYT GW_M_g100grn Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW100_g Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WtrLoggDmg_E_0to9 H2ODMG _0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmWallThk_M_um CIMMYT STMTHK_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WI_M_Idx CIMMYT WI_index very good (VG) 5 2 Moderate 95 90% plant height affected, 50% coverage moderately resistant (MR), average pycnidial density coverage of 15-30% MR CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount1_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Luzie U Wingen JIC GFILLPERIOD_thermal_time GFPTT_Calc_Cday Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible 39 FoxiWilt_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FOXYWIL _pct very poor to poor (VP-P) 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GNO_grains_m2 grains/m2 GNO CIMMYT GN_Calc_Grnm2 KNO GM2 kernel/m2 BM_kg_plot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BM_M_kgPlot ARMDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ArmyWDmg_E_pct 10% plant height affected, 60% coverage 16 SEPSP_00_99__SEV SepSpSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FnivLBInc_E_pct FNIVLB_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 leaf has shape of a V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PH_m PH_M_m CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass5_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RCERE_0_9 RcereInc_E_0to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HEADDATE HEADD Hd_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HEADD_yyyymmdd 3 medium susceptible 3 SBMVInc_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SBMV_0_9 Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf just visible 37 not vitreous (NV) NV PstriNote_E_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PSTRI_text 0 none 5 100% coverage resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) R-MR moderate susceptible MS 4 40% anther extrusion Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSCREEN_pct GScreen_M_pct CIMMYT GZinc_M_mgkg GRNZINC_mg_kg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT hollow 1 SpkDis_E_1to5 CIMMYT SpkDis_N_T_S_M_V SPKDIS_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ISBM_M_kgPlot ISBM_kg_plot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 70% plant height affected, 60% coverage 76 excellent (E) 9 ISBM_Calc_gm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_g_m2 CIMMYT 8 very high 51 50% plant height affected, 10% coverage 8 good to very good (G-VG) CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BMPR_Calc_gm2day Ripening, Kernel hard (not dented by thumbnail) 92 47 40% plant height affected, 70% coverage 90% plant height affected, 80% coverage 98 FlrProt_Kjl_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRPROT_pct CIMMYT 1 shrivelled (SH) MR moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas 81 Dough development, Very early dough (slides when crushed) 20% (7.4% occupied by uredia) 20 CIMMYT CPYGM_pct SawflyDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FNDD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FND_date_ymd CIMMYT FNDD_yyyymmdd 30% plant height affected, 90% coverage 39 Kernel and milk development, Early milk (liquid off -white) 73 intermediate 5 4 rolled leaf rim covers part of leaf blade Red 2 0 very poor (VP) 4 FvLAFmLA_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla medium soft (MS) MS light moderate LM CIMMYT LEAFGLAU_0_9 LeafGlau_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 3 30% plants with broken straw very high 9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_pct__SPKW FHBSpkWt_Calc_pct CIMMYT Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones S CIMMYT BM_g_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_Calc_gm2 Ant_date_ymd ANTD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT ANTD ANTDATE Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 40 40 NWI4_index NWI4_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafPSSRb_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 80% (29.6% occupied by uredia) 80 18 10% plant height affected, 80% coverage 45 40% plant height affected, 50% coverage CIMMYT HsatiLSev_E_00to99 HSATIL_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLMWID_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GlmWid_M_mm CIMMYT NPQI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NPQI_M_Idx 5 leaf is severely rolled TESTWT_g_l Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TestWt_M_gl CIMMYT VgP_calc_day VEGPERIOD_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT medium to high 6 Booting, Flag leaf sheath extending 41 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SALTOL _1_9 SaltTol_E_1to9 CIMMYT 94 90% plant height affected, 40% coverage 99 Ripening, Secondary dormancy lost 23 Tillering, Main shoot and 3 Tillers light-yellow (b 2 49 40% plant height affected, 90% coverage DRD CIMMYT DRidge_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DRD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFLRYELPIG_ppm WMFlrYellPig_M_ppm THRESHBLTY_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Threshblty_E_1to9 4 moderate (M) 24 20% plant height affected, 40% coverage fair (F) 5 3 early to normal (E-N) 1 white (b<12.5) W white 28 20% plant height affected, 80% coverage SH semi-hard (SH, 45-55) Luzie U Wingen JIC BMNUP_Calc_kgha CIMMYT BLBSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLRFN _s FlrFN_M_s CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafR750R550_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Chl_M_CCI CIMMYT CHL_CCI T tenacious (T) very susceptible VS 1 very poor (VP) MS moderately susceptible (MS), 12 to 20 % of infection 80% plant height affected, 30% coverage 83 CIMMYT GlmGlau_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLMGLAU_0_9 20 20 low to moderate 4 Seedling development , 4 leaves unfolded 14 8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MATD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT Mat_date_ymd MATDATE MATD AnthExt_E_0to9 CIMMYT Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla S susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis Mixed 6 2 trace (T) 1 very low Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla YLDFAC_num GYFac_Calc_num CIMMYT 2 intermediate FLRYELLCLS_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrYellCls_M_1to3 0 no damage GApp_E_0to9 GRNAPP_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT severe 9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HI_pct HI_Calc_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafSPI_M_Idx Intermediate (I) - Light pycnidial format ion. Coalescing of lesions normally noticeable towards the leaf tip and elsewhere on the leaf. I resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) R-MR 09 Germination, Leaf just at coleoptile tip heterogeneous, random distribution of variable-sized uredinia on single leaf (X) X Luzie U Wingen GRNStarch_pct JIC GStarch_NIRS_pct 40% plants with broken straw 4 PrecoInc_E_1to9 PRECO_1_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Luzie U Wingen JIC NUE_Calc_kgkgN Nitrogen use efficiency BLKPT_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BlkPtInc_E_0to9pct 99 90% plant height affected, 90% coverage NWI3_M_Idx CIMMYT NWI3_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 6 60% coverage 4 Clavate poor (P) 2 17 10% plant height affected, 70% coverage Ripening, Seed dormant 95 attribute 7 high 8 80% coverage 80% plant height affected, 60% coverage 86 erect (E) E CIMMYT NWI1_M_Idx NWI1_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RSOLA_0_9 RsolaInc_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 81 80% plant height affected, 10% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HERBDMG_1_5 CIMMYT HerbDmg_N_T_S_M_V HerbicideDmg_E_1to5 6 60% anther extrusion 0 awnless tolerant 8 CIMMYT SIPI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SIPI_M_Idx 57 Heading, ¾ of head emerged 10% (3.7% occupied by uredia) 10 Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones S sparse to intermediate 4 2 low 7 dense CIMMYT TtritInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTRIT _pct__INC HailDmg_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HailDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT HAILDMG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StritResp_E_0to5 STRIT_0_5__RESP 10% plant height affected, 30% coverage 13 10% anther extrusion 1 6 90 90% (33.3% occupied by uredia) 6 2 20% coverage low 3 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTM_calc_Cday 43 40% plant height affected, 30% coverage LI_M_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 9 BM_kg_ha CIMMYT BM_Calc_kgha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 20% plant height affected, 60% coverage 26 CIMMYT GLUD3_text GluD3_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 6 60% plants with broken straw 90% plant height affected, 70% coverage 97 moderate M susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis S CIMMYT DROUGHTTOL_pct DroughtTol_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla M moderate (M) Booting, Boot swollen 45 2 highly susceptible to susceptible 5 severe 8 80% plants with broken straw No visible infection on plants 0 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MgrisSev_E_pct CIMMYT 22 20% plant height affected, 20% coverage Immune (Imm) - No pycnidial formation, no symptoms or occasional hypersensitive fleck. Imm 25 Tillering, Main shoot and 5 Tillers Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StrawBreak_E_1to9 CIMMYT DTE Days to emergence DTE_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Emer_dto_day Tillering, Main shoot and 6 Tillers 26 FOLDIS_1_5 FolDis_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FoliarDis_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT 61 60% plant height affected, 10% coverage No anther extrusion 0 StrawYld_Calc_tha Luzie U Wingen JIC 50% plant height affected, 40% coverage 54 90% plant height affected, 60% coverage 96 semi-erect (SE) SE white/red W/R 37 30% plant height affected, 70% coverage 05 Germination, Radicle emerged from seed CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FvLA_M_Idx vitreous (V) V PSTRI_1_8__ADLTRESP PstriResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT ALVL_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvL_M_mm GY_M_gPlnt Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNYLD_g_pl 00 Germination, Dry seed BM_M_gPlot CIMMYT BM_g_plot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLUCON_pct FLRGluCon_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 50 50 4 fair (F) 50% plant height affected, 80% coverage 58 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TllrCapacity_E_1to5 CIMMYT TllrCAPACITY_1_5 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 1/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 3 5 intermediate damage 80% plant height affected, 40% coverage 84 74 70% plant height affected, 40% coverage moderately resistant (MR), small lesions surrounded by necrotic areas MR Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_1_9 PstriInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT S short (S) 85 Dough development, Soft dough (firm, thumbnail mark not held) CIMMYT SEDVTR_1_3 GVtr_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla JIC Luzie U Wingen GFILLRATE_thermal_time GFRTT_Calc_gCday 2 2 low DTFND Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FND FND_dto_day CIMMYT DTFND_days susceptible (S), 21 to 50 % of infection S MixTim_M_min Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MIXTIM_min CIMMYT Heading, ¼ of head emerged 53 very lax 1 4 good (G) Stem elongation or jointing, 4th node detectable 34 3 JIC BMNUE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen 9 high P purple CIMMYT PrecoNote_E_text PRECO_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla R resistant 5 71 Kernel and milk development, Kernel watery ripe (clear liquid) JIC GFR_Calc_gday GFILLRATE Luzie U Wingen S susceptible (S), large lesions, no necrosis or chlorosis moderately susceptible (MS), average pycnidial density coverage of 30-40% MS 14 10% plant height affected, 40% coverage absent 0 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FoDA_M_Idx PSTRI_0_12__SEV PstriSev_E_0to12 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm CIMMYT INFERTNO_tll_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MR moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas high to very high damage 8 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ETR_M_?molm2s1 60% plant height affected, 80% coverage 68 77 70% plant height affected, 70% coverage one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 5/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 7 H hard (H, <45) 3 Poor MS moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible I immune (I), 0 % of infection very low damage 2 R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small lesions 70% plant height affected, 20% coverage 72 CIMMYT YLDCHECK_pct GY_PctChk_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 24 Tillering, Main shoot and 4 Tillers moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible MS CookSdF_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla COKSDF_index CIMMYT red/white R/W CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AwnCol_E_1to6 1 No breakage 5 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 3/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 90% plants with broken straw 9 soft (S, >55) S 5 highly tolerant 3 fair (F) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSpkInc_E_pct FHB_pct__SPKINC CIMMYT 33 30% plant height affected, 30% coverage 48 40% plant height affected, 80% coverage White 1 1 very resistant, small uredinia surrounded by necrosis (1) very good (VG) 9 severe 5 SepSPInc_E_pct CIMMYT SEPSP_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HAVEN_pct HavenDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla no disease 00 82 80% plant height affected, 20% coverage 7 70% coverage moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) MS-S facultative (intermediate) I 15 10% plant height affected, 50% coverage 35 Stem elongation or jointing, 5th node detectable absent 1 weak-tenacious (WT) WT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SproutTol_E_1to9 CIMMYT SPROUTTOL _1_9 6 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 4/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened dense 7 Purple 4 3 Black 65 Flowering or anthesis, Flowering half complete Seedling development , 2 leaves unfolded 12 2 20% plants with broken straw CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FmDA_M_Idx 2 poor to fair (P-F) 3 4 66 60% plant height affected, 60% coverage 20% coverage 1 11 10% plant height affected, 10% coverage 2 good (G) No visible affection 0 purple to black 3 41 40% plant height affected, 10% coverage 1 none very high damage 9 resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules R GLUA1_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluA1_M_text CIMMYT 80 80 tolerant 4 GPlump_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNPLUMP_1_3 CIMMYT 3 intermediate S susceptible 7 high 8 dense to very dense 07 Germination, Coleoptile emerged from seed 46 40% plant height affected, 60% coverage 60 60 Seedling development , First leaf emerged 10 CIMMYT AlvPG_Calc_Idx ALVPG_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 90% coverage 9 MR Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis 53 50% plant height affected, 30% coverage resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules R light moderate susceptible LMS W winter VT very tall (VT) 1 1% (0.37% occupied by uredia) 36 30% plant height affected, 60% coverage MR moderately resistant Flowering or anthesis, Start of flowering 61 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FE_Calc_Idx intermediate 3 Heading, Emergence of head complete 59 P Prostrate (P) good (G) 6 2 very sparse to sparse 80% coverage 4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrAsh_E_pct CIMMYT susceptible (S), pycnidial density greater than 40% S 3 yellow (b>15) MR-MS Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis 60 60% (22.2% occupied by uredia) Awns_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AWNS_0_9 SS semi-spreading (SS) 7 8 moderate to high Resistant (R) - Very light pycnidial formation. Some coalescing of lesions mainly toward the leaf tip and in older leaf tissue. R Heading, ½ of head emerged 55 awned (conspicuous) 7 lax 3 1 very low 1 One or more sharp eyespot lesions on lower sheaths but no symptoms on the stem S Strong (S) 2 very dense 9 33 Stem elongation or jointing, 3rd node detectable 3 low lax to intermediate 4 70 70 normal, similar to local check (N) 4 sparse 2 heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf tip (Y) Y very early (VE) VE 5 susceptible 2 I immune very dense 9 moderately susceptible 5 VL very late (VL) Tillering, Main shoot only 20 CIMMYT PgramSev_E_pct PGRAM_pct__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 2 medium Mixed 6 absent 0 trace 1 Kernel and milk development, Late milk (more solids in milk) 77 4 poor to fair (P-F) susceptible, large uredinia without chlorosis (4) 4 100% (37% occupied by uredia) 100 Ripening, Overripe, straw dead and collapsing 94 Very susceptible (VS), large, abundant pycnidia, lesions coalescing extensively VS poor (P) 2 70% plant height affected, 80% coverage 78 50% plant height affected, 60% coverage 56 Branched 2 2 very lax to lax 10% coverage 1 good (G) 7 PV partly vitreous (PV) Ripening, Kernel hard (difficult to divide, 16% water) 91 MH medium hard (MH) intermediate 5 resistant (R), average pycnidial density of 5-15% R Good 1 SS semi-soft (SS, 51-55) 93 90% plant height affected, 30% coverage 2 40% coverage Tillering, Main shoot and 7 Tillers 27 5 50% anther extrusion small 1 3 slight (S) 12 10% plant height affected, 20% coverage 5 red R 25 20% plant height affected, 50% coverage resistant (R), 1 to 8 % of infection R 10 10 Tillering, Main shoot and 1 Tiller 21 Booting, Flag leaf sheath opening 47 very good (VG) 8 3 strong fair to good (F-G) 5 75 70% plant height affected, 50% coverage entity red to brown 2 91 90% plant height affected, 10% coverage Stem elongation or jointing, 6th node detectable 36 11 Seedling development , First leaf unfolded Common bunt incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TilSpSpkInc Estimation StdEst Estimation Standard method for standard establishment. Grain GW Weight Grain weight Grain weight usually expressed as weight of single, one hundred, two hundred or thousand grains. FlrYellCls Yellowness Flour yellowness. Flour yellowness Flour Anther Anther extrusion Anther extrusion AnthExt Extrusion of anthers. GY Computation Use formulae to calculate grain yield in g/m2 Sprouting tolerance Sprouting tolerance Grain Tolerance of grain to sprout when in the spike. SproutTol Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Leaf chlorophyll content Leaf Chl 1-6 COLOR scale Straw Straw breakage Breakage Amount of straw breakage. StrawBreak Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. RLNDmg Estimation Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat. Plant Growth class Growth class GrwCls Leaf LRollInc Incidence of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Rolling incidence Leaf rolling incidence Canopy photochemical reflectance index PRI Canopy Photochemical reflectance index is correlated with the de-epoxidation stage of the xanthophylls cycle, with zeaxanthin, and with radiation-use efficiency (filella et al., 1996). higher pri values indicate greater efficiency. Photochemical reflectance index Standard method for suni pest damage. SuPDmg Estimation yyyymmdd Structural independent pigment index uses wavelengths showing the best semi-empirical estimation of the carotenoid chlorophyll a ratio (car:chla ratio), and its formulation minimizes the disrupting effects of leaf surface and mesophyll structure. Canopy structural independent pigment index SIPI Structural independent pigment index Canopy Canopy spectral reflectance Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Germination Grain germination Germ Proportion of seed that germinate under proper condition. Grain FHBSplInc Computation Calculated as the index (ratio) of infected spikelets over total number of spikelets by Calonectria nivalis (Fusarium nivale, F. graminearum) causing scab disease in spike. ForgDM Forage dry matter Forage dry matter. Forage dry matter Plant TcontInc Dwarf bunt incidence Dwarf bunt incidence Dwarf bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia controversa. Spike Plant vigour Capacity of the plant to grow. PlntVig Plant Vigour WMFlrSDS Testing of whole-meal flour quality by SDS-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. SDS-sedimentation volume Whole meal flour Whole meal flour SDS sedimentation 1-9 STRAWBREAK scale Standard method for spectral reflectance. RNDVI Measurement cm FvDAFmLA measurement Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a dark adapted leaf. Length Awn length Awn length. Awn AwnLng Canopy Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Rarsb is an estimation of chlorophyll b content. RARSb Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Dough alveograph value G G stands for the square root of the volume of air in the bubble that was possible before the bubble burst. shows how flexible the dough was during the test. Dough AlvG Alveograph value G Septoria tritici blotch plant response StritResp Septoria tritici blotch plant response Septoria tritici blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Plant Salinity tolerance Plant tolerance to soil salinity. SaltTol Salinity tolerance Plant Moisture content of grain. Moisture content Grain moisture content GMoi Grain Leaf spectral reflectance 750/700 nm The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R700 nm wavelength. LeafR750R700 Spectral reflectance Leaf infertile tiller/m Double digit (00-99) GgtriInc Plant Take-all incidence in the plants caused by the agent Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt). Take all incidence Take all incidence WormDmg Estimation Standard method for worm damage. Minolta Chroma Meter Test Measurement of flour/whole meal/grain color with the Minolta chromameter, L value represents whiteness, a* value (reddishness) represents red and green colors and b* value (yellowness) represents yellow and blue colors. Using the Minolta Chroma Meter Test: 1. A sample of flour/whole meal/grain is placed on the granular materials attachment and compacted, 2. The Minolta Chroma Meter is inserted into the granular materials attachment, 3. Measurements are taken and recorded, 4.Color results are reported in terms of 3-dimensional color values based on the following rating scale: L* value whiteness: 100 white, 0 black, a* value positive +60 red color, negative values -60 green color, b* value positive +60 yellow color, negative values -60 blue color. a value Soil borne mosaic incidence SBMVInc Soil borne mosaic incidence Leaf Soil borne mosaic incidence in the plants caused by the agent soilborne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv) which is vectored by Plasmodiophorid polymyxa graminis. 1. A 7-gram sample of ground wheat or flour is weighed and combined with 25 milliliter of distilled water in a glass falling number tube with a stirrer and shaken to form a slurry. When grinding a wheat sample to perform a falling number test, it should be at least 300 grams to assure a representative sample, 2. As the slurry is heated in a boiling water bath at 100° Centigrade and stirred constantly, the starch gelatinizes and forms a thick paste, 3. The time it takes the stirrer to drop through the paste is recorded as the falling number value. FlrFN Measurement Standard method for flour yield. FlrYld Measurement Thermal Time from emergence to Heading (GS55). Plant Heading thermal time TTH Heading thermal time Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with chemical method Antrone. StmWSC Atrone Measurement FLRGluCon Measurement 1. A 10-gram sample of flour or ground wheat is weighed and placed into the glutomatic washing chamber on top of the polyester screen, 2. The sample is mixed and washed with a 2 percent salt solution for 5 minutes, 3. The wet gluten is removed from the washing chamber, placed in the centrifuge holder, and centrifuged, 4. The residue retained on top of the screen and through the screen is weighed. Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Leaf LeafPSSRb Chlorophyll content Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll b index Spike shattering Observation of grains dehiscence from spike at maturity. Spike Shattering Shattering LeafGlau Estimation Standard method for leaf glaucousness. Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. FHBSpkWt Spike Fusarium head blight spike weight Fusarium head blight spike weight GY Relative to check Computation Calculate grain yield of an entry as percentage over a local check. SpkPI Computation Calculated from shoots sampled seven days after anthesis and SPI is expressed as a ratio and can be calculated as SPI= (dry weight of spikes at anthesis+7/dry weight of the whole plants (shoots) at anthesis+7). Tillering capacity Plant TllrCapacity Tillering capacity An tillering capacity. degree C day ISBM Measurement Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. RUE Computation Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. Ability of the plant to remain/maintain green leaves, stems and spikes at the time of senescing. Canopy Stay green StayGreen Canopy stay green Grain Grain carbon isotope discrimination at maturity from drought trials provides genotypic effects most likely to be related to transpiration rate or an integrative measurement of stomatal conductance. GCID Grain carbon isotope discrimination Carbon isotope discrimination 1-5 TANSPOT field response scale Leaf rust seedling response Seedling Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. PrecoSdlgResp Leaf rust seedling response TllrCapacity Estimation Standard method for tillering capacity. Standard method for In-season aboveground biomass. ISBM Estimation GluTyp Flour gluten type Gluten type whether weak-tenacious/tenacious/weak/medium strong/strong. Gluten type Flour g/plant High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b1. GluB1 Flour Glutenin Glu-B1 composition Glutenin Glu-B1 composition WMFlrFN Measurement Standard method for whole meal flour falling number. Standard method for flag leaf lamina width. FLeafLWid Measurement Stem StmCol Color of the stems. Color Stem color Standard method for grain iron content. GIron Measurement Content of iron in grain. Iron content Grain Iron content Grain GIron Nitrogen harvest index Nitrogen harvest index Plant The fraction of Nitrogen recovered in the harvested grain as a function of the total Nitrogen taken up. NHI µm Grain filling period Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Plant Grain filling period GFP DR DT Computation Number of days from sowing to double ridge (DS14-15 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. StmWallThk Measurement Standard method for stem wall thickness. MgrisSev Estimation Standard method for wheat blast severity. TSpl DT Computation Number of days from sowing to terminal spikelet (DS25-30 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. RsecaSev Estimation Standard method for barley scald blight severity. Calculated with final biomass obtained /days to maturity. BMPR Computation LeafThk Measurement Standard method for leaf thickness. Normalized water index 4 Canopy normalized water index 4 Normalized water index 4 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Canopy NWI4 UtritInc Estimation Standard method for loose smut incidence. Counting the number of plant per area or row. PlntStnd Counting Rust severity Estimation Severity of rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Flag leaf senescence Flag leaf FLeafSen Flag leaf senescence. Senescence Spike sterility index Spike sterility observed as infertile florets. Sterility Spike SpkSterility BMNUE Nitrogen Use Efficiency The above ground biomass production per total Nitrogen available to a plant. Above ground biomass nitrogen efficiency Plant FHBDON Measurement Standard method for content of deoxynivalenol or DON (vomitoxin) that is often associated with FHB (Fusarium spp.) infected grains. Net photosynthesis rate Leaf net photosynthesis rate Anet Leaf Carbon fixation by photosynthesis. 1-4 PRECO scale 0-1 absent-present Plant Boron tolerance BTol Plant tolerance to high levels of soil boron. Boron tolerance Semolina SemoCol Semolina color The semolina color. Color Reproductive period Plant Time between double ridge (approx. ds14) and anthesis (ds65). Reproductive period RepP Spike number Number of spikes (fertile culms) per unit area, sample or plant. Spike SN Number Normalized difference vegetation index Canopy normalized difference vegetation index NDVI Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Canopy Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. GFP pct Computation Stomatal frequency Leaf stomatal frequency Leaf Number of stomata counted per unit area on the leaf surface. StomaFrq 0-5 Septoria Response scale GScreen Grain screenings Proportion of small grain passing through a sieve. Grain Screenings proportion Grain protein deviation Grain Protein Deviation Plant Deviation from the grain yield -grain protein linear regression. GPD RcereInc Estimation Main shoots are assessed for sharp eyespot disease. Anthesis time Anthesis or flowering time is the period during which a flower is fully open and functional. pollination and fertilization occur during this period. Anthesis time Ant Plant Waterlogging damage WtrLoggDmg Plant Waterlogging damage Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Fusarium head blight grain incidence Grain Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight grain incidence FHBGInc 0-9 AWNS scale PH Height of plant from ground to top of spike, excluding awns. Plant Height Plant height RootRot Estimation Standard method for common root rot incidence. Gluten type is determined based on gluten properties data (flour protein content, Alveograph W, Alveograph P/L) following Peña 2011: Wheat End-use Quality types. GluTyp Estimation Calculated as the deviation from the yield-protein linear regression. GPD Computation PH Measurement Measure the length of individual culms from soil surface to the tip of the spike (do not include awn) and record to the nearest centimeter. (Average of 4-10 plants/culms per plot). Growth stage Plant Growth/developmental stages based on Zadoks decimal code. Growth stage GrwStg kg/ha Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a soil presenting aluminum toxicity and rate the tolerance. AlTol Estimation 1-3 STRAWStrength The plant damage caused by spike diseases. SpkDis Spike Spike disease development Spike disease development Zadoks or decimal code (00-99) TlaevInc Estimation Tilletia laevis incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. Pratylenchus thornei damage Pratylenchus thornei damage Root PthornDmg The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei. PhordInc Estimation Standard method for Barley leaf rust incidence. Number of infertile spikelet per spike. InfertSpkN Spike Number Infertile spike number StmSol Estimation Standard method for stem solidness. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. BM Computation 0-5 incidence scale Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. PthornDmg Estimation Number of grains per spikelet. GrnSpl Grain number Spikelet Grain number per spikelet SpkDis Estimation Standard method for spike disease development. Image Analysis Screen Mass2 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.8 mm - 2.5 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Severity of leaf/stem/stripe rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Modified cobb scale for severity Thermal Time from emergence to Booting (GS45). Booting thermal time Booting thermal time TTB Plant Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains greater than 2.8 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass1 Nitrogen uptake STRNUp Straw Straw Nitrogen uptake Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole above ground straw. Length Coleoptile length Length of coleoptile (a protective sheath that surrounds the shoot tip and the embryonic leaves of the young shoot of grasses). ColeopLng Coleoptile True stem partitioning index TSPI True stem partitioning index Stem True stem partitioning index. SepSpResp Septoria blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Septoria blotch plant response Leaf Septoria blotch plant response Threshblty Estimation Observe threshability by hand threshing of one or two spikes and rate it according how easily grains are separated from the rachis and glumes using 1 (hard to thresh) to 9 (easy to thresh) scale. Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FmLA Measurement Flour yield FlrYld Flour Proportion of flour recovered during milling. Yield DR date Estimation Record date of double ridge stage (DS14-15 approx.). Double ridge signifies that the plant?s main growing point will produce no more primordial leaves, and instead will produce primordial spikelets of the young spike. The dissection and observation of the main tiller apex on an optic magnifier is required. Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTB Computation Semolina yellow pigment content Semolina SemoYellPig Yellow pigment content Semolina yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. 1-8 rust field response scale The degree of endosperm filling. Grain plumpness Plumpness GPlump Grain spikelet/spike WMFlrYellPig Measurement Standard method for whole meal flour yellow pigment. Standard method for flag smut field response. UagroResp Estimation kg/kg N Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch response. StritResp Estimation Pratylenchus neglectus damage The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus. Root Pratylenchus neglectus damage PnegleDmg % Grain fill rate thermal time GFRTT Grain fill rate thermal time Grain weight increase per degree day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Plant Spectral reflectance The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R550 nm wavelength. LeafR550 Leaf spectral reflectance 550 nm Leaf Standard method for whole grain thickness. GThk Measurement spike/m Leaf Spot blotch severity Spot blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (Helminthosporium sativum). Spot blotch severity HsatiLSev GYFac Computation Standard method for yield factor 1-5 density scale Adult plants rust field response Estimation Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to leaf/stem/stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the following scale: 0-No visible infection. R-Resistant, necrotic areas with or without small pustules. MR-Moderately Resistant, small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas. M-Intermediate, pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis. MS-Moderately Susceptible, medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible. S-Susceptible, large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis. Bacterial leaf blight severity Wheat bacterial leaf blight severity in the plants caused by the agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. symptoms: small (less than 0.04 inches) water-soaked lesions expand and eventually coalesce. initial lesions become necrotic and turn from gray-green to tan-white. Entire leaves may become necrotic, but heads and glumes are typically symptomless. Leaf Bacterial leaf blight severity BLBSev Image Analysis Screen Mass5 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.0 mm - 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Standard method for test weight. AACC 55-10 or SeedCount management procedure Plant Armyworm damage Armyworm damage ArmyWDmg The plant damage caused by armyworm. Temperature depression Difference between ambient temperature and canopy temperature. Canopy temperature depression CTD Canopy Tilletia tritici bunt incidence Spike Tilletia tritici bunt incidence TtritInc Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia tritici (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). Standard method for Alternaria leaf blight field response. AtritResp Estimation Stem outer diameter. Diameter StmDia Stem diameter Stem GAmyloPec Measurement Standard method for grain amylopectin content. RsecaSev Plant Barley scald severity in the plants caused by the agent Rhynchosporium secalis. Barley scald severity Barley scald severity 0-9 density scale Standard method for straw color. StrawCol Estimation Mat DS87 relative Estimation Assessment of physiological maturity (approx. DS87) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. delta 13C Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the grain at harvest. GNUp Computation Standard method for awnedness. Awns Estimation Plant Vegetative period Plant vegetative period Time period between emergence (ds10) and first node detectable (ds31). VgP Plant damage caused by hail. HailDmg Plant Hail damage Hail damage Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a3. Flour GluA3 Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Plant Winter kill damage WKill Winter kill damage Peduncle neck break Neck break Peduncle NeckBreak Observation of spike break from the base of head. ml/% Wall thickness StmWallThk Stem wall thickness Stem Stem wall thickness. Leaf lamina partitioning index LeafPI Leaf lamina partitioning index. Lamina partitioning index Leaf Calculate area under disease progress curve. FHBAUDPC Computation Shape characteristics of typical mature spikes. Spike SpkTyp Spike type Type PedGlau Estimation Standard method for peduncle glaucousness. FHBSpkResp Fusarium head blight spike response Fusarium head blight (scab) spike response caused by the agent fusarium spp. Spike Fusarium head blight spike response Calculated as grain yield per unit of Nitrogen taken up. Nute Computation plant/plot Grain number (GNO) as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. GNO determines the sink size of the crop and under many conditions it is strongly correlated with yield. Grains/m2 (GNO) = yield (g/m2) / TGW (g) × 1000. GN Computation Grain hardness is used as a grading factor to determine the type of wheat. It is a key determinant for classification of wheat and end product quality. Grain hardness GHrd Grain Hardness Barley stripe mosaic incidence Barley stripe mosaic incidence BSMV Barley stripe mosaic incidence in the plants caused by barley stripe mosaic virus. Plant Standard method for leaf rolling incidence. LRollInc Estimation 1-5 DMG scale SpkDW Spike Spike dry weight Spike dry weight Dry weight of spike(s). Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection PhordCI Barley leaf rust incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Leaf Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection Standard method for tan spot incidence in adult plants. TanSpotInc Estimation Plant TTIB Booting initiation thermal time Initiation of Booting thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Initiation of Booting (GS41). Whole meal flour color Whole meal flour WMFlrCol The whole meal flour color. Color 1-3 SIZE scale AlvP P value is the force required to blow the bubble of dough. it is indicated by the maximum height of the curve. Dough alveograph value P Alveograph value P Dough LeafR675 Spectral reflectance Leaf Leaf spectral reflectance 675 nm The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R675 nm wavelength. It is the rate of dry matter production per unit area. Crop growth rate Plant Biomass production CGR Falling number Whole meal flour Indication of the amount of sprout damage that has occurred within a wheat sample. falling number value of 350 seconds or longer indicates a low enzyme activity and very sound wheat quality. as the amount of enzyme activity increases, the falling number decreases. Values below 200 seconds indicate high levels of enzyme activity. Whole meal flour falling number WMFlrFN Grain thickness Thickness Thickness of whole grain. Grain GThk FolDis Estimation Standard method for foliar disease development. Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. GFP days Computation tiller/m2 Helminthosporium species severity Plant Helminthosporium species severity The disease severity in the plants caused by the agent Helminthosporium species. HelSpSev Count the number of infertile tillers. InfertTN Counting Plant Stem rust coefficient of infection Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. PgramCI Stem rust coefficient of infection Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/700. Leaf R750/R700 Measurement Canopy Canopy light interception Light interception Light energy intercepted by the canopy. LI TindiInc Estimation Standard method for karnal bunt incidence. Hd DS55 days Computation Number of days required from sowing to spike emergence from the flag leaf (DS55). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. TanSpotSdlgResp Estimation Standard method for scoring tan spot response in seedlings. Calculated as sum of straw Nitrogen content and grain Nitrogen content according to the biomass partition into straw and grain. BM NIRS Computation Standard method for dwarf bunt incidence. TcontInc Estimation Cold tolerance Cold tolerance Plant tolerance to lower temperatures than the optimum. Plant ColdTol Grain Nitrogen content Grain Nitrogen content GNitr Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Bird damage Plant Bird damage The plant damage caused by birds. BirdDmg GlmWid Measurement Standard method for glume width. Rate using a scale from 0 (0% senescence) to 10 (100% senescence) using the guide, in increments of 10%. FLeafSen Estimation It is measured during rapid spike growth phase. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Then, CRG is the production of biomass per day between initiation of booting and seven days after anthesis. Calculated as (Biomass 7DAA/m2 - Biomass InB/m2)/Days from InB to 7DAA. CGR Computation DnoxiDmg Estimation Standard method for russian wheat aphid damage. PstriCI Stripe rust coefficient of infection Leaf Stripe rust coefficient of infection Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. The grain dry mass (grain yield) production per Nitrogen available to a plant. Nitrogen use efficiency Nitrogen Use Efficiency Grain NUE text Fibre content Grain Gfibre Grain fibre content Content of fibre (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. GW Measurement Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. Notes taken in the field. Note Estimation RachLng Measurement Standard method for rachis length. FrostDmg Estimation Score the damage caused by frost per plot. 1-5 scoring scale g/1000 grain Grain Appearance of a single grain. Appearance GApp Grain appearance Plant GrndCov Crop ground cover, or the percentage of soil surface covered by plant foliage. Ground cover Crop ground cover Standard method for glume length. GlmLng Measurement Standard method for grain plumpness. GPlump Estimation Glume pubescence length on outer side of sterile glume. Glume GlmPubLng Glume pubescence length Pubescence length 0-9 percentage scale Dough Dough strength by alveograph. W value is the area under the curve. it is a combination of dough strength (p value) and extensibility (l value). Alveograph value W AlvW Dough alveograph value W NupE Computation Calculated as above ground biomass Nitrogen content divided by soil Nitrogen 1-9 incidence scale Grain yield production rate. GYPR Grain yield production rate Grain Yield production rate SpkDW Computation Standard spike dry weight method. Root lesion nematode damage The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. Root lesion nematode damage RLNDmg Root BMNUE Computation Calculated as the above ground biomass divided by the total soil Nitrogen. PedPubDen Estimation Standard method for peduncle pubescence density. Laboratory seed test for germination should be carried out before seeding to calculate seeding rates or determine the status of storage seed. The percentage of seeds capable of producing normal seedlings under ordinarily favorable conditions (not including seeds which produce weak, malformed, or obviously abnormal sprouts), determined by methods ISTA seed testing protocols. Germ Measurement Straw color Straw Color StrawCol Color of straw. Standard method for awn presence estimation. Awns Presence Grain length Length Length of whole grain. Grain GLng Glume Color Glume color GlmCol Color observation on the outer glume at maturity. Peduncle PedLng Length of peduncle. Peduncle length Length Visual observation of grains size. GSize Estimation Leaf rust incidence Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. PrecoInc Leaf Leaf rust incidence Nitrogen content of the above ground biomass. Nitrogen content BMNitr Plant Above ground biomass nitrogen content Rachis length Length of rachis. RachLng Length Rachis Fusarium head blight DON content Grain Content of deoxynivalenol or don (vomitoxin) that is often associated with fhb (fusarium spp.) infected grains. FHBDON Fusarium head blight DON content 1-9 TOL scale Canopy Normalized water index 2 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). NWI2 Canopy normalized water index 2 Normalized water index 2 Standard method for FHB infected spikelets counting. FHBSplInc Counting Flag leaf area Area Flag leaf Area of the flag leaf lamina. FLeafA GFRTT Computation Calculated grain weight increase per degree day with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Stripe rust severity PstriSev Stripe rust severity Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Leaf FlrYellCls Measurement 15).]]> FND DS31 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to first node detectable. However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Standard method for leaf rust response. PrecoResp Estimation Anet Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. g/plot Standard method for aphid damage. AphDmg Estimation Leaf StomaCond Stomatal conductance Leaf stomatal conductance Rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide through the stomata. LeafPSSRa Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. GVtr Grain One of the key quality parameters in the determination of durum quality referring to translucent or glass-like appearance when seeds are transversely sectioned and observed whether not vitreous/partly vitreous/vitreous. it is associated with high protein and hard grain. Grain vitreousness Vitreousness Grain yield factor Grain Yield factor GYFac Yield factor. Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Leaf Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration. Ci b value Bread crumb structure Structure CrmStr The cellular structure of wheat bread crumb. Bread Leaf Stripe rust notes Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust notes PstriNote SepSPInc Septoria blotch incidence Septoria blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Leaf Septoria blotch incidence g/m2/day AtritResp Alternaria leaf blight response in the plants caused by the agent Alternaria triticina. Alternaria leaf blight plant response Leaf Alternaria leaf blight plant response Content of phosphorus in grain. Phosphorous content GPhos Grain phosphorous content Grain 1-5 incidence scale Standard method for eye spot field response. PherpResp Estimation Zinc content Content of zinc in grain. Grain Zinc content GZinc Grain Standard method for rodent damage. RodentDmg Estimation UagroResp Flag smut disease response in the plants caused by the agent Urocystic agropyri causing flag smut disease. Flag smut plant response Flag smut plant response Plant Spike length Spike SpkLng Length of spike. Length PhotopResp Estimation Observe the tendency of flowering according day-length ISBM All above-ground biomass at any developmental stage and/or at regular intervals from the emergence to physiological maturity. In-season aboveground biomass Aboveground biomass In-season Plant RootRot Common root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agents Cochliobolus sativus, fusarium spp., and Pythium species. Common root rot incidence Common root rot incidence Plant Standard method for glume pubescence length. GlmPubLng Measurement Threshability (ease to thresh) is a score where several spike-related traits such as rachis fragility (brittle or non-brittle rachis) and glume tenacity (hulled or free-threshing). Spike threshability Threshability Spike Threshblty Heading time Plant Heading time Heading time extends from the time of emergence of the tip of the spike from the flag leaf sheath to when the spike has completely emerged but has not yet started to flower. Hd Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. GFPTT Computation BlkPtInc Estimation Black point incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of grain with black point symptoms. Leaf LeafCID Carbon isotope discrimination Leaves carbon isotope discrimination can be measured in the leaves during early canopy development in well irrigated trials, in which case genotypic effects will be related mainly to transpiration efficiency. Leaf carbon isotope discrimination mm Nitrogen uptake efficiency Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency Plant N-uptake efficiency as the total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground plant at harvest in relation to the available Nitrogen in soil. BMNUpE L value AphDmg The plant damage caused by various species of aphids. Plant Aphid damage Aphid damage 1-9 PHOTORESP scale SpkGW Grain weight per spike. Spike Grain weight Grain weight per spike Amax Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Booting time is just prior to spike emergence, when the flag leaf sheath encloses the growing spike. Boot Booting time Plant Booting time Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Barley helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence in the plants caused by the agent Drechslera graminea (helminthosporium gramineum). Leaf HgramInc tiller/m Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R550. Leaf R550 Measurement ALVEOGRAPH determination AACC 54-30 A 1. A sample of 60 grams or 250 grams of flour is mixed with a salt solution to form a dough. 2. The dough is sheeted, rested and inflated in the Chopin Alveograph, 2. Five 4.5 centimeter circular dough patties are formed and then rested in the alveograph in a temperature-regulated compartment at 25 degrees Celsius for approximately 20 minutes, 3. Each dough patty is tested individually. The alveograph blows air into a dough patty, which expands into a bubble that eventually breaks, 4. The pressure inside the bubble is recorded as a curve on graph paper. The alveograph determines the gluten strength of a dough by measuring the force required to blow and break a bubble of dough. The results include P Value, L Value, and W Value. Physiological maturity thermal time Physiological maturity thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Physiological Maturity (GS87). TTM Plant Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll a Chlorophyll content LeafPSSRa Leaf Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-a. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. The wheat cyst nematode damage caused by cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae. Root Cyst nematode damage HavenDmg Cyst nematode damage Plant Frost damage Frost damage Plant damage caused by frost. FrostDmg g/MJ Score a relative plant height to local check using 1-5 scale where 3 is used for the local check (1 = short, 5 = tall). Assessment of plant height compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. PH Estimation Septoria blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Septoria blotch severity Septoria blotch severity SepSpSev Leaf Fusarium leaf blotch severity FnivLBSev Fusarium leaf blotch severity Plant Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) severity in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). Pubescence density Leaf pubescence density LeafPubDen Leaf Leaf hairiness density. 1-4 HRDCLS scale GLys Lysine content of the kernel/grain. Grain Grain lysine content Lysine content Double digit Estimation The method was improved by using two digits, representing the vertical disease progress and an estimate of severity. The first digit gives the relative height of the disease using the original 0-9 Saari-Prescott scale as a measure. The second digit shows the disease severity as a percentage but in terms of 0-9. Because it is difficult to evaluate diseases on dead leaves, disease notes should be taken when at least four leaves are still alive and green (soft to mid-dough growth stage). Then visually evaluate the average percentage severity on only those leaves of the uppermost four that are infected. In practice, the percent severity is estimated on an overall score. The following format is used for scoring severity: 10% coverage = 1, 20% coverage = 2, 30% coverage = 3, 40% coverage = 4, 50% coverage = 5, 60% coverage = 6, 70% coverage = 7, 80% coverage = 8, 90% coverage = 9. The score of 10 is not used. Leaf rust plant response PrecoResp Leaf Leaf rust plant response Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Spread factor Cookie The ratio between average height and width of cookies. Cookie spread factor CookSdF Observe winterkill of plants per plot and rate it. WKill Estimation A physiological phenomenon caused by hot, dry and windy weather. the whole tip of the flag leaf tends to be necrotic and will often fold over. leaf tip necrosis progresses from the margins of the flag leaf tip and lower leaves as well show some signs of it. leaf tip necrosis is observed to some extent in all wheat varieties containing the leaf rust gene resistance gene lr34. Tip necrosis Leaf tip necrosis incidence LeafTNecro Leaf SGNDmg Estimation Distorted leaves and stems are evident prior to heading. As diseased plants approach maturity, galls are formed in the florets, replacing the kernels. The galls are similar in shape to the seed they replace and are dark brown in color. Large numbers of motile larvae are present within the galls and become active after the galls have been moistened. These nematodes can act as vectors of Clavibacter tritici. Standard method for glume glaucousness. GlmGlau Estimation Stripe rust seedling response Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the seedlings caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriSdlgResp Seedling Stripe rust seedling response FE Computation Spike fertility index. Dry weight of 20 randomly selected spikes at anthesis. Fruiting Efficiency= number of grains at maturity / spike dry matter at anthesis. Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B. FE Fruiting efficiency The final outcome of the floret developmental rates (determining the number of floret primordia that reach the stage of fertile florets at anthesis) and the proportion of grain set per fertile floret (the opposite to grain abortion), per unit of spike weight. Fruiting efficiency Spike Plant Fusarium wilt incidence Fusarium wilt incidence Fusarium wilt incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium oxysporum. FoxiWilt Straw Strength of straw. Straw strength Strength StrawStn 1-6 MIXTYP scale Absence/Presence T1BL1RS Translocation 1BL/1RS The 1bl/1rs translocation in wheat resulted from replacing the short arm of the chromosome 1b of wheat by the short arm of the chromosome 1r of rye (Secale cereale l.). Translocation 1BL/1RS Biomass Nitrogen utilization efficiency Plant Biomass Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency as the biomass in relation to the total amount of N in above-ground plant at harvest. BMNUtE Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency Plant Suni pest damage The plant damage caused by suni pest (Eurygaster spp., sunn pest, suni bug). SuPDmg Suni pest damage Normalized pheophytinization index can be used to detect chlorophyll degradation. NPQI Normalized pheophytinization index Canopy normalized pheophytinization index Canopy AlTol Plant Aluminum tolerance Plant tolerance to aluminum. Aluminum tolerance StmLng Stem length Length of stem. Length Stem SaltTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at the field presenting soil salinity and rate the tolerance. Ash content Whole meal flour ash content Whole meal flour WMFlrAsh Ash content in flour. Coefficient of infection (CI) calculated by multiplying the severity times a constant for host response: where immune = 0.0, R=0.2, MR =0.4, MS =0.8, and S=1.0. Rust Coefficient of infection Computation Record date of first node detectable (DS31). It is easier to determine in the field than DS30. It is estimated in-field as the day at which the first node can be detected at approximately 1 cm above the tillering node. The observation is performed in the main tiller. FND DS31 date Estimation TtritInc Estimation Tilletia tritici incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. Southern blight plant response Southern blight plant response SrolfResp Southern blight response in the plants caused by the agent Corticum rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii). Plant Flag leaf lamina FLeafLLng Flag leaf lamina length Length of flag leaf lamina. Length ErlVig Plant early vigour Capacity of a seedling or plant to grow vegetatively in early stages of development. Early vigour Plant WMFlrYellPig Whole meal flour yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Whole meal flour yellow pigment content Yellow pigment content Whole meal flour g/200 grain Canopy red normalized difference vegetation index Canopy RNDVI Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Normalized difference vegetation index Terminal spikelet time TSpl Terminal spikelet time Plant Terminal spikelet time is when the last spikelet, the terminal spikelet, has been produced. Tan spot severity Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot severity TanSpotSev Leaf Biomass partitioning to grain Harvest index A ratio of grain yield to total above ground biomass. HI Plant SGNDmg Seed gall nematode damage Seed gall nematode damage Plant The wheat seed-gall nematode damage caused by Anguina tritici. Glaucousness LeafGlau Leaf glaucousness Glaucousness in leaf. Leaf Standard method for grain hardness class. GHrd Measurement GAmyloPec Grain amylopectin content Grain Content of amylopectin in grain. Amylopectin content Observe the tendency of grain to sprout when in the spike and rate the tolerance. SproutTol Estimation BirdDmg Estimation Standard method for bird damage. DroughtTol Plant Drought tolerance Drought tolerance Plant tolerance to drought conditions. TTH Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until emergence (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Bread loaf volume Loaf volume Baking quality of flour describing bread loaf volume. Bread LofVol RUET Computation Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. 1-3 STMSOL scale Record booting stage (DS45) when 50% of culms present boot swollen. Boot DS45 date Estimation Leaf Leaf stomatal resistance StomaRes Stomatal resistance Resistance to diffusion of water vapor through a plant stomata. The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ?chlorophyll concentration index? (CCI, ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on the flag leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles. Chl Measurement 1-5 Septoria response scale Standard method for stem length. StmLng Measurement Plant damage caused by herbicide. Herbicide damage Plant Herbicide damage HerbicideDmg GrndCov Measurement High throughput approaches to measuring ground cover are: visual assessment or digital analysis of photographs Detect in the SDS-PAGE gel the presence of some protein bands from rye chromosome translocation. SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis (1BL1RS) SpkDen Estimation Standard method for spike density. Record date of physiological maturity (approx. DS87). It is estimated as when the grain reaches the maximum dry weight and the grain becomes viable. It is most easily determined in-field when 50% of the peduncles are ripe (i.e., yellow). Mat DS87 date Estimation t/ha Powdery mildew incidence Powdery mildew incidence in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Leaf EgramInc Powdery mildew incidence Variable fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FvLA Measurement spike/m2 BSMV Estimation Standard method for barley stripe mosaic virus incidence. The plant damage caused by worms. Worm damage WormDmg Plant Worm damage CookSdF Measurement Standard method for cookie spread factor. Acid soil tolerance AcdTol Plant Plant tolerance to acid soil. Acid soil tolerance Ratio of tenacity (p, maximum pressure required for the deformation of the sample) and extensibility (l, length of the curve) of dough. Dough alveograph P/L AlvPL Alveograph P/L Dough HesFlyDmg Estimation Standard method for hessian fly damage. StmDia Measurement Standard method for stem diameter. StritInc Septoria tritici blotch incidence Septoria tritici blotch incidence Plant Septoria tritici blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. HesFlyDmg Hessian fly damage Plant Hessian fly damage The plant damage caused by hessian fly, Maytiola destructor. Surface of whole grain. Grain surface area Surface area Grain GsurfA L value is the extensibility of the dough before the bubble breaks. it is indicated by the length of the curve. AlvL Dough Alveograph value L Dough alveograph value L Leaf pubescence length Leaf LeafPubLng Pubescence length Leaf pubescent length. GluB3 Glutenin Glu-B3 composition Glutenin Glu-B3 composition Flour Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b3. LeafTNecro Estimation Leaf tip necrosis is observed and rated in percentage. AwnCol Awn color. Awn color Color Awn Observe the growth habit of wheat plants during tillering stages and rate whether erect/semi-erect/prostrate/semi-spreading/spreading GrwHabit Estimation It can be easily and non-destructively measured during grain-filling (i.e., before physiological maturity) by counting in a given area or length of row. SN Measurement ml Grain Size Grain size. Grain size GSize 1-5 GRNCOL scale NIRS Starch Measurement NIR calibrated 1-9 SPKDEN scale Calculated from yield components sampling. SN Computation 0-12 Modified Cobb Scale GMoi Estimation Moisture content is determined by drying a grain wheat sample in an air oven and comparing the weight of the sample before and after heating. The amount of weight loss is the moisture content. Moisture content results are expressed as a percentage. Nitrogen uptake BMNUp Uptake of Nitrogen in the above ground biomass at maturity. Above ground biomass nitrogen uptake Plant Production per day Biomass production rate. Biomass production rate Biomass BMPR Density or compactness of a wheat spike. SpkDen Spike density Density Spike Grain Nitrogen uptake GNUp Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain Nitrogen uptake Standard method for spike type. SpkTyp Estimation LeafSPI Leaf Leaf sheath partitioning index Leaf sheath partitioning index. Sheath partitioning index 1-9 scoring scale Leaf Spot blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (helminthosporium sativum). Spot blotch incidence Spot blotch incidence HsatiLInc Photosynthetic contribution of the spike (ear) to grain yield. Spike Photosynthesis Spike SpkPho Spike photosynthesis contribution Leaf HtereSev Net blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (Helminthosporium teres). Net blotch severity Net blotch severity PlntStnd Computation Calculate number of plant per area. Number of days required from sowing to physiological maturity (approx. DS87). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Mat DS87 DT Computation Image Analysis Screen Count2 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.8 ? 2.5 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. 1. Extract storage proteins (glutenins/gliadins) from wheat grain, 2. Separate glutenins from gliadins, 3. Run proteins extracts in polyacrylamide gels, 4. Stain the gel and de-stain, 5. Identify the allele for each locus. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis Flag leaf lamina FLeafLWid Width Flag leaf lamina width Width of flag leaf lamina. 1-3 GLMCOL scale PhordInc Leaf Barley leaf rust incidence Barley leaf rust incidence Barley leaf rust incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Standard method for Fusarium leaf blotch incidence. FnivLBInc Estimation Spike Tilletia laevis bunt incidence Tilletia laevis bunt incidence Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia laevis (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). TlaevInc Standard method for fluorescence measurement. PhiPS2 Measurement Standard method for snail damage. SnailDmg Estimation Canopy Grain Filling duration Rapid spike growth period Rapid spike growth period. RSpkGP TllrGW Measurement The weight of the grain taken per tiller. g/100 grain Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. Seedling rust field response Estimation Plant tolerance to heat conditions. Heat tolerance Plant HeatTol Heat tolerance Fusarium head blight spike incidence FHBSpkInc Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in spikes caused by the agent fusarium spp. Spike Fusarium head blight spike incidence MixTyp Mixograph type Dough mixograph type Mixograph type (mixograph curve) is used for determining the strength of dough. Dough EgramInc Estimation Standard method for powdery mildew incidence. Tan spot incidence Tan spot incidence Leaf Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. TanSpotInc Standard method for take all incidence. GgtriInc Estimation Standard method for spectral reflectance. LeafPSSRb Measurement The growth habit of the plant whether erect/semi-erect/semi-spreading/spreading/prostrate. Plant Plant growth habit GrwHabit Growth habit Leaf intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio. Leaf CiCa Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Standard method for forage dry matter. ForgDM Estimation 0-9 Mc Neal scale Boot DS39 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to initiation of booting (DS39-DS41). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Standard method for leaf rust incidence. PrecoInc Estimation Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the straw at harvest. STRNUp Computation Calculated as difference between biomass and grain yield. StrawYield_Computation Leaf Tan spot plant response Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot plant response TanSpotResp variable_of Standard method for net blotch incidence. HtereInc Estimation FgramSev Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum severity. mm2 Fusarium graminearum plant response FgramResp Fusarium graminearum plant response Fusarium graminearum response in the plants. Spike Grain yield Grain Yield GY Amount (weight) of grains that was harvested. Image Analysis Screen Count1 Standard method for screening grain size distribution >2.8 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R)machine. grain/spike Score the damage caused by waterlogging WtrLoggDmg Estimation Relative spike weight is calculated by dividing spike weight (at maturity) from infected by the non-infected. FHBSpkWt Computation Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the MCNEAL scale. Field response McNEAL Estimation For agronomic score observe visually detectable signs of factors limiting yields and rate. AgrScr Estimation min Some forms of spotting and necrosis result from chromosomal instability or genetic aberrations, these disorders are known as hybrid necrosis. Affected plants show differing degrees of necrosis, often associated with stunting or dwarf clumping. Hybrid necrosis usually is observed in early generation material, and affected progeny are eliminated HNecro Estimation Leaf quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Quantum yield of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation. Leaf PhiCO2 1-3 STDEST scale NutE Grain Grain Nitrogen utilization efficiency Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency Nitrogen utilization efficiency as the grain dry mass in relation to the total amount of Nitrogen in above-ground plant at harvest. Standard method for glume pubescence density. GlmPubDen Estimation GWid Measurement Standard method for whole grain width. Transfer of electrons during photosynthesis in light saturated leaf. ETR Electron transport rate Leaf Leaf electron transport rate FgramResp Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum response. Count the total number of grains per tiller. GrnTllr Computation BM Aboveground biomass at maturity Plant Aboveground biomass at maturity All above-ground biomass at maturity. Agronomic score Phenotypic acceptability Rating of overall agronomic attributes and health of plants. Plant AgrScr Septoria nodorum blotch incidence SnodoInc Septoria nodorum blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Stagonospora nodorum (syn. Septoria glume blotch) (Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude (syn. Stagonospora nodorum). Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Plant LeafR750R700 Spectral reflectance Leaf Leaf spectral reflectance 750/550 nm The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R550 nm wavelength. Measurement of the light intercepted by the canopy using a ceptometer as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. LI Computation AntDmg Estimation Standard method for ant damage. Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. ETR Measurement TTA Anthesis thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Anthesis (GS65). Anthesis thermal time Plant StrawYld Amount (weight) of straw. Yield Straw Straw yield Standard method for stomatal conductance. StomaCond Measurement 0-9 GRNAPP scale Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under droughted condition and rate the tolerance. DroughtTol Estimation Leaf Sheath Coefficient = Leaf Sheath DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf sheath is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. LeafSPI Computation Standard method for flag leaf area. FLeafA Measurement Barley leaf rust severity Barley leaf rust severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Barley leaf rust severity Leaf PhordSev FoLA Measurement Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. Score the damage caused by hail. HailDmg Estimation GFR Computation Calculated daily grain weight increase between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration. FvLAFmLA measurement Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a light adapted leaf. 1-8 generic disease field response scale Both the total number of spikelets and the number of fertile spikelets (i.e., those containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. When sampling large numbers of samples or plots, time may be saved by randomly counting one side of the spike and multiplying by two. SplN Counting Peduncle PedGlau Glaucousness Peduncle glaucousness Glaucousness in peduncle. Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FmDA Measurement GApp Estimation Standard method for grain appearance. Standard method for ash content in whole meal flour. WMFlrAsh Estimation Number of days from sowing to booting stage (DS45). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Boot DS45 DT Computation 1-3 GROWTHCLS scale Leaf Leaf rust (brown rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust severity PrecoSev Leaf rust severity GlmCol Estimation Standard method for glume color. Bacterial leaf streak severity in the plants caused by the agent Xanthomonas translucens. The disease, called black chaff when on the glumes. Leaf BLSSev Bacterial leaf streak severity Bacterial leaf streak severity g/m2 FHBSpkInc Estimation Standard method for FHB spike incidence. Solidness of stem. Stem solidness StmSol Stem Solidness Russian wheat aphid damage DnoxiDmg Plant The plant damage caused by Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxis. Russian wheat aphid damage Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at temperature lower than the optimum temperature and rate the tolerance. ColdTol Estimation Node number Node number Number of nodes in the main stem. NodeN Stem node Flour Protein content Flour protein content Total protein content (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in refined flour. FlrProt BLBSev Estimation Standard method for wheat bacterial leaf blight severity. Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.5 mm - 2.2 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass3 Maturity time Plant Mat Maturity time starts at hard dough stage (ds87) often called physiological maturity. Maturity time joules Image Analysis Screen Mass4 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.2 mm - 2.0 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. PherpResp Eye spot response in the plants caused by the fungal species Tapesia yallundae (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoide w-type) and Tapesia acuformis (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides r-type). Symptoms: the eye shape elliptical lesions forms on lower base of stem and lower leaf sheath. The eyespots are straw yellow in color from the middle and are surrounded by the greenish brown to dark brown rings. Eyespot plant response Eyespot plant response Plant BMNUte Computation Calculated as biomass per unit of Nitrogen taken up. Tiller number TN Tiller number Number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per unit area, sample or plant. Tiller Measurement of leaf thickness. Leaf thickness Leaf LeafThk Thickness Standard method for canopy temperature depression. CTD Computation s NodeN Counting Standard method for node number. BTol Estimation The response of a cultivar or genotype is expressed on a score 1-9, where 1= highly susceptible and 9 = highly tolerant, based on the extent of bronze colored necrosis of leaf tips extending down the leaf margins High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a1. Glutenin Glu-A1 composition Flour Glutenin Glu-A1 composition GluA1 Hybrid necrosis incidence Plant hybrid necrosis incidence Plant Observation of hybrid necrosis. HNecro NWI3 Normalized water index 3 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Normalized water index 3 Canopy Canopy normalized water index 3 FvDA Measurement Variable fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. PhiCO2 Measurement Standard method for gas exchange measurement. Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat GrwCls Estimation Standard method for FHB spike response. FHBSpkResp Estimation Net blotch incidence Net blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (helminthosporium teres). Leaf Net blotch incidence HtereInc Standard method for semolina yellow pigment. SemoYellPig Measurement BM Measurement Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. Canopy green normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index GNDVI Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Canopy Gluten content FLRGluCon Content of wet gluten in flour. Flour Flour gluten content Standard method for flag leaf lamina length. FLeafLLng Measurement Proceed following the protocol for sampling of grains or leaves for CID in Chapter 6 in Pask et al., 2012. Mass spectrometers generate differential values of stable carbon isotope composition (?13C), expressed negative values in parts per thousand (?) (Farquhar et al., 1989): ?13C (?) = [(Rsample/Rstandard)?1] × 1000. Where: the ratio of heavy to light isotope (R = 13C/12C) for the sample is in comparison to Peedee Belemnite (PDB) carbonate (limestone) standard. Following Farquhar et al. (1989) ? rather than using carbon isotope composition values (?13C), positive values for CID (?13C) can be calculated for easier statistical analysis as: ?13C = [(?a-?p)]/[1 + (?p/1000)] CID determination method_of 1-5 TOL scale Leaf Stomatal size Leaf stomatal size StomaSiz Stomata size. Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d3. Flour Glutenin Glu-D3 composition GluD3 Glutenin Glu-D3 composition Record date of initiation of booting stage when 50% of the culms expected to produce spikes are between DS39 (Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible) and DS41 (Flag leaf sheath extending). Boot DS39 date Estimation Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Ci Computation Leaf R675 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R675. StomaFrq Counting Standard method for stomatal frequency. BMNUp Computation Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground biomass at harvest. Plant Grain filling period thermal time Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87) in thermal time. Grain filling period thermal time GFPTT First node detectable time is when the stem starts the elongation or jointing period, first node becomes visible as it appears above the soil surface. FND Plant First node detectable time First node detectable time Stem rust seedling response PgramSdlgResp Seedling Stem rust seedling response Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. AwnLng Measurement Standard method for awn length. SnodoInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Canopy Normalized water index 1 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). NWI1 Normalized water index 1 Canopy normalized water index 1 Plant Snail damage Snail damage SnailDmg The plant damage caused by snails. SpkSterility Computation Standard method for sterility index computation. Standard method for spectral reflectance. GNDVI Measurement FlrFN The falling number is defined as the time in seconds required stirring and allowing stirrer to fall a measured distance through a hot aqueous flour or meal gel undergoing liquefaction due to a-amylase activity. Falling number Flour falling number Flour RSpkGP Computation Phase period where the spike growth the most regarding the whole crop cycle and can be calculated as (anthesis date-initiation of booting date)/days to maturity *100. AlvIe Dough It is the extensibility index of the dough. (p200/p)*100, p200: pressure (p) at 4 cm (l= 40mm) of the curve. Alveograph extensibility index Dough alveograph extensibility index Hd DS55 relative Estimation Assessment of heading (DS55) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a RARSa Canopy Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a Rarsa is an estimation of chlorophyll a content. Stem rust severity Stem rust (black rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Stem rust severity PgramSev Plant Protein content Grain protein content GProt Content of protein (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain Color Flour color. Flour color FlrCol Flour Flour SDS sedimentation FlrSDS Testing of refined flour quality by sds-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. SDS sedimentation volume Flour Number of days required from sowing to when 50% of spikes have flowered (DS65). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Ant DS65 DT Computation Tan spot seedling response TanSpotSdlgResp Seedling Tan spot seedling response Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. 0-5 percentage scale Image Analysis Screen Count4 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.2 ? 2.0 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Number Infertile tiller number Infertile tiller Number of infertile tillers per unit area, sample or plant. InfertTN Rhizoctonia root rot incidence Rhizoctonia root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia solani. Rhizoctonia root rot incidence RsolaInc Plant Grain fill rate Grain weight increase per day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). GFR Grain fill rate Plant FoxiWilt Estimation Standard method for Fusarium wilt incidence. Wheat blast severity MgrisSev Wheat blast severity Wheat blast severity in the spikes caused by the agent Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: It can infect all above-ground parts of the wheat plant, but head blast, resembling Fusarium head blight in appearance, is the most common symptom in the field. Infected spikes become bleached and produce small shriveled seed or none at all. Spike Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until terminal spikelet(thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTTS Computation 0-4 PRECO scale GScreen Measurement Measured as weight by percentage of all matter passing through a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots Stripe rust incidence PstriInc Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust incidence Leaf 1-6 SPKTYPE scale GYellBer Grain Refers to grains showing chalky or starchy endosperm areas. Grain yellow berry incidence Yellow berry incidence Standard method for yellow berry incidence. GYellBer Measurement Leaf Specific leaf area Specific leaf area A ratio of the leaf area to dry mass. SLA day Plant Fusarium leaf blotch incidence FnivLBInc Fusarium leaf blotch incidence Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). Water soluble carbohydrates accumulate up to and around anthesis and are partitioned to the stem, from where they are later available as a reservoir for remobilization to the developing grains. These reserves are an important source of carbon for grain filling. Stem Water soluble carbohydrate content StmWSC Stem water soluble carbohydrate Leaf area index Plant Leaf area index It is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies and defined as the leaf area per unit ground surface area. LAI Glaucousness in glume. Glume Glume glaucousness Glaucousness GlmGlau CCI GrwStg Zadoks Estimation Observe the growth stage or development stage (DS) of wheat plants using the Zadoks scale decimal code, based on 10 major stages, with each stage divided into sub-stages. Standard method for seed vitreousness. GVtr Estimation NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement FgramSev Fusarium graminearum severity Fusarium graminearum severity in the plants. Spike Fusarium graminearum severity Leaf Leaf rolling severity Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Rolling severity LRollSev 1-5 LRoll scale LAI Computation LAI can be determined directly by taking a sample of canopy from a plant canopy, measuring the leaf area per sample plot with an area meter or image scanner and dividing it by the plot land surface area. Indirect methods use ceptometer to measure canopy geometry or light extinction and relate it to LAI. (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2). NUE Computation Calculated as the grain yield divided by the total soil Nitrogen. Calculated as total grain Nitrogen divided by the total biomass Nitrogen. NHI Computation Standard method for crumb structure. CrmStr Estimation Spike partitioning index. Spike Spike partitioning index SpkPI Partitioning index Plant RcereInc Sharp eyespot incidence Sharp eyespot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia cerealis. Sharp eyespot incidence SpkLng Measurement Measured in centimeters from the base of the spike to the tip excluding the awns (average of 6-10 random spikes in plot). Protein content in durum wheat semolina. Protein content Semolina Semolina protein content SemoProt Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. HeatTol Estimation The fluorescence emitting during steady state. Steady-state fluorescence Leaf steady-state fluorescence Fs Leaf A small sample of flour or ground wheat (1.0 grams) is weighed and placed in 25-milliliter glass-stoppered graduated cylinder. This is mixed with different solutions for some minutes and then rested. Finally, the volume of the sediment is recorded after 21 minutes. SDS-sedimentation determination PnegleDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. Color Grain Grain color Grain color. GCol FHBSplInc Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence Fusarium head blight (scab) spikelets incidence caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence Spikelet True Stem Coefficient = True stem DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of true stem is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. TSPI Computation RootDis Root disease development Root Root disease development The plant damage caused by root diseases. Dough MixTq Mixograph torque It is the torque measured during the mixograph test. Dough mixograph torque 0-8 Rust infection type TN Counting Count or calculate the number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per lineal meter, per plant or per square meter. 1-3 GRNCOL scale NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement RsolaInc Estimation Standard method for rhizoctonia root rot incidence. Length of leaf. Leaf length Leaf LeafLng Length num GlmWid Glume Width Width of glume. Glume width Variable fluorescence measured in the leaf. FvLA Leaf variable fluorescence Leaf Variable fluorescence Grain weight per tiller. Grain weight Tiller GWTTILL Grain weight per tiller m Leaf R750/R550 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/R550. Plant StritSev Septoria tritici blotch severity Septoria tritici blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Septoria tritici blotch severity Width of leaf. LeafWid Leaf width Width Leaf Estimate of the area lodged in the sampled plot. Lodg Estimation FolDis Foliar disease development Leaf Foliar disease development The plant damage caused by foliar diseases. LofVol Measurement Standard method for loaf volume. Standard method for grain phosphorus content. GPhos Measurement Standard method for armyworm damage. ArmyWDmg Estimation Strength of the culm. StmStrength Stem strength Stem Strength Ant DS65 date Estimation Record date of anthesis (DS65) when 50% of spikes have flowered (i.e. at least 1 anther dehisced). HI Computation Harvest index is expressed in percentage and can be calculated as Harvest index (%) = (Grain yield/Biomass)*100. Gstarch Starch content Content of starch (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain Grain starch content g LeafWid Measurement Standard method for leaf width. Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with NIRs. StmWSC NIR Measurement stoma/mm2 grain/m2 Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Asat Measurement Standard method for scoring tan spot response in adult plants. TanSpotResp Estimation Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Fs Measurement NIR calibrated NIRS Fibre Measurement mg/kg Awnedness Awns Spike Spike awnedness Observation of awn type whether awnless/awnletted (short awns)/awned (conspicious awns). CiCa Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Image Analysis Screen Count5 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.0 ? 1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. HtereSev Estimation Standard method for net blotch severity. Standard method for peduncle length. PedLng Measurement 0-9 RCERE scale Hd DS55 date Estimation Record date of heading (DS55) when 50% of the spike is emerged (i.e., middle of the spike at the flag leaf ligule) on 50% of all stems. Sample as for spikelets per spike randomly select 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the spikelets, thresh, count grains, and calculate, or less accurately simply calculate from calculated grains per spike and measured spikelet number. GrnSpl Computation Standard method for grain zinc content. GZinc Measurement Standard method for herbicide damage. HerbicideDmg Estimation LeafLng Measurement Standard method for leaf length. Wsurv Estimation Standard method for winter survival. Image Analysis Screen Count6 Standard method for screening grain size distribution <1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Flour SDS sedimentation index SedIdx Is the result of dividing sedimentation volume by flour protein content. Flour Sedimentation index Maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry Leaf maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry FvLAFmLA Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured in the leaf. Leaf Number of grains expressed as per unit area or sample. Grain Grain number GN Number TestWt Test weight or specific weight is the weight of a fixed volume of clean grains. Grain test weight Grain Test weight tiller/plant Fusarium graminearum incidence Fusarium graminearum incidence FgramInc Spike Fusarium graminearum incidence in the plants. Black point incidence Black point incidence Black point incidence in the plants caused by the fungal species such as Helminthosporium sativum (Cochliobolus sativus), Alternaria alternata and fusarium spp. also black point symptoms are associated to physiological disorders. BlkPtInc Grain Grain GWid Width of whole grain. Width Grain width Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a low pH (acid) soil field and rate the tolerance. AcdTol Estimation Canopy Temperature Canopy temperature The surface temperature of the canopy is related to the amount of transpiration resulting in evaporative cooling. CT Standard method for whole grain length. GLng Measurement Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. ErlVig Estimation Retention proportion Proportion of big grain remaining above the sieve. Grain retention GReten Grain PrecoCI Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf grains/tiller Spike PstriSpkSev Stripe rust spike severity Stripe rust spike severity Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Standard method for leaf pubescence density. LeafPubDen Estimation 0-5 FHB field response scale Standard method for southern blight response. SrolfResp Estimation 1-3 SEDVTR scale CT Measurement Take measurements at least two times from full ground cover to the end of booting (pre-heading), and at least two times from the end of anthesis to late grainfilling (grain-filling) -with 5-7 days between each measurement to give a reasonably heritable estimate of trait expression. 1. A sample of 35 grams of flour on a 14 percent moisture basis is weighed and placed in a mixograph bowl, 2. Water is added to the flour from a buret and the bowl is inserted into the mixograph, 3. The flour and water are mixed together to form a dough, 4. As the dough is mixed, the mixograph records a curve on graph paper. MIXOGRAPH determination AACC 54-40 A cm2 plant/m Leaf Maximal fluorescence intensity Maximal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Leaf maximal fluorescence intensity FmDL The weight of the grain harvested is registered on a scale, decide which method suit better for your objectives. In breeding trials, a sample area (rather than the whole plot) is generally used for estimating yield. Discard borders when combine harvest for a better estimation of yield. GY Measurement mmol/m2/s Image Analysis Screen Count3 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.5 ? 2.2 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. GrndCov Measurement (GS15) Standard method for ground cover at 5 leaves stage. FoLA Leaf Minimal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Leaf minimal fluorescence intensity Minimal fluorescence intensity Plant StdEst Measurement of plant emergence and vigor in the field. Establish Stand establishment Image Analysis Screen Mass6 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that are below 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. TindiInc Karnal bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia indica (syn. Neovossia indica). Spike Karnal bunt incidence Karnal bunt incidence 1-5 GLUTYP scale Stand Plant PlntStnd Plant population or plant density. Plant stand Stripe rust plant response Leaf Stripe rust plant response Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriResp Emer DS10 date Estimation Record date of when 50% of seedlings have emerged (DS10). The plant damage caused by rodent. Rodent damage Plant RodentDmg Rodent damage Glutenin Glu-D1 composition High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d1. Flour Glutenin Glu-D1 composition GluD1 0-9 scoring scale g/degree C day degree C GSurfA_Measurement Marvin method for whole surface area. grain/spikelet StomaRes Measurement Standard method for stomatal resistance. LeafTR Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. AlvPG Dough Dough alveograph P/G It is the p/g ratio. Alveograph P/G Plant TTTS Terminal spikelet thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Terminal Spikelet (GS30). Terminal spikelet thermal time µmol CO2/m2/s Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until physiological maturity (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTM Computation Standard method for Stripe rust incidence. PstriInc Estimation Shattering Estimation Standard method for spike shattering. SepSpResp Estimation Standard method for Septoria species response. SpkGW Measurement Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. mmol H2O/m2/s Plant photoperiod response Plant Photoperiod response Extent to which long days hasten flowering. PhotopResp StrawStn Estimation Standard method for straw strength. Winter survival Ability to survive or withstand cold temperatures in the late fall, winter, or early spring. Plant Wsurv Winter survival Simple ratio A vegetation index related with canopy structure, light absorption and photosynthetic capacity. Canopy simple ratio Canopy SR Peduncle hairiness density. Peduncle pubescence density PedPubDen Pubescence density Peduncle Standard method for neck break. NeckBreak Estimation Standard method for leaf pubescence length. LeafPubLng Measurement Number of days from sowing to the seedling emergence (DS10). Emer DS10 days Computation Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. Seedling rust field response Estimation Standard method for crop growth rate. CropGrwRate Computation StrawBreak Estimation Standard method for straw breakage. 1-5 HRDCLS scale plant/ha Leaf transpiration rate. Leaf transpiration rate LeafTR Leaf Leaf transpiration rate GLys Measurement Standard method for grain lysine content. GReten Measurement Measured as weight by percentage of all matter remaining above a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots. Nitrogen content Nitrogen content of the above ground straw biomass. STRNitr Straw Straw Nitrogen content 1-5 GHABIT scale Spike Fusarium head blight AUDPC Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. FHBAUDPC Fusarium head blight AUDPC PgramNote Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Stem rust notes Stem rust notes Plant Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until anthesis (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTA Computation kg/plot Cereal cyst nematodes are more readily detected on seedlings than on adult plants. The roots of infested plants develop frequent branches and swellings (cysts). HavenDmg Estimation g/day Spikelet number Spikelet SplN Number of spikelets per spike. Number Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. ISBM Computation VgP Computation Calculated as time between emergence (DS10) and first node detectable (DS31) as percentage of crop cycle duration. GlmLng Glume Length Length of glume. Glume length NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. Standard method for Spot blotch incidence. HsatiLInc Estimation InfertSpkN Counting The number of infertile spikelets (i.e., those NOT containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. The plant damage caused by ants. Plant Ant damage Ant damage AntDmg 1-5 Phenological relative scale infertile tiller/m2 1-3 FLRYELLCLS scale Stem rust plant response Stem rust plant response PgramResp Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Plant SedIdx Measurement Standard method for sedimentation index. Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FoDA Measurement Standard method for Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence. HgramInc Estimation SpkPho Computation Textile treatment is used to inhibit photosynthesis of the spikes through shading(comparison between control and treated spikes). Randomly selected spikes (for example: 12 spikes) per plot are covered with a special designed textile 10 days after anthesis under irrigation and drought or 10 days after heading under heat environments. Then, at physiological maturity the spikes are harvested together with 12 control spikes and the number of grains and weight are recorded and compared the treated spikes with the control ones (Sanchez-Bragado et al., 2016). AnthExt Estimation Standard method for anther extrusion. Asat Leaf Leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light. Light-saturated net photosynthesis Common bunt spike incidence Spike Common bunt spike incidence TilSpSpkInc Common bunt (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia species. LRollSev Estimation Standard method for leaf rolling severity. Calculated with grain yield obtained /days to maturity. GYPR Computation TSpl date Estimation Record date of terminal spikelet stage (DS25-30 approx.). It is estimated as the date at which the final spikelet can be observed on the forming spike within the stem of the main culm, typically measured on around 3-5 plants per plot. It required a main tiller dissection and an observation of the apex on an optic magnifier. 0-5 TANSPOT field response scale 0-9 DAMAGE scale StritInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch incidence. BYDInc Estimation Standard method for barley yellow dwarf incidence. Barley yellow dwarf incidence BYDInc Barley yellow dwarf incidence Plant Wheat yellow dwarf incidence in the plants caused by the agent wheat yellow dwarf virus. LeafPI Computation Leaf Lamina Coefficient = Lamina DM measured at7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf lamina is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. RepP Computation Calculated as time between double ridge (approx. DS14) and anthesis (DS65) as percentage of crop cycle duration. 1-5 RELTPH scale Quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII. Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II PhiPS2 Quantum yield of photosystem II Leaf Plant Sawfly damage SawflyDmg The plant damage caused by sawfly, Cephus cinctus. Sawfly damage µmol CO2/mol %/min The number of grains per spike can be measured independently by threshing a known number of randomly selected spikes per plot (10-20 spikes per plot) or can be calculated as: Grains per spike (GSP) = grains m2 / spikes m2. GrnSpk Computation PrecoNote Leaf rust notes Leaf rust notes Leaf Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. RootDis Estimation Standard method for root disease development. Pubescence density Glume hairiness density on outer side of sterile glume. GlmPubDen Glume Glume pubescence density Radiation Use Efficiency Canopy The amount of biomass produced per unit of intercepted solar radiation. RUE_T Radiation use efficiency AwnCol Estimation Standard method for awn color. g/l Emergence time Emergence time Emer Emergence time is when the first leaf appears above the soil surface. Plant StayGreen Estimation Stay-green assessment is conducted through the growing season, starting with the onset of the senescence of the specific organ to be evaluated. Standard method for grain color. GCol Estimation InsectDmg Insect damage Insect damage The plant damage caused by insects. Plant Standard method for FHB grain incidence. FHBGInc Estimation Double ridge time is just when apex changes from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. DRidge Double ridge time Double ridge time Plant Loose smut incidence UtritInc Loose smut incidence Spike Loose smut incidence in the plants caused by ustilago tritici. Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. PlntVig Estimation Indicates incidence of lodged plants. Lodging incidence Lodg Lodging incidence Plant SepSPInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria species incidence. 0-9 AnthExt Dough Mixograph mixing time Dough Mixograph mixing time MixTim Time required for the dough development from beginning of mixing flour and water to the dough reaches maximum consistency (peak). 1-3 GRNPLUMP scale ppm 1-6 Phenological relative scale Canopy water index Water index WI Canopy Water index use reflectance at 970 nm as a wavelength sensitive to water content, while reflectance at 900 nm is taken as a reference which is similarly affected by canopy and leaf structures but with null absorption by water. Spike Grain number Grain number per spike Number of grains per spike. GrnSpk Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light and CO2. Leaf Amax Light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Leaf light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Powdery mildew severity Leaf Powdery mildew severity EgramSev Powdery mildew severity in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Sampling for water soluble carbohydrate is often combined with in-season biomass sampling and partitioning. Ensure to plan sampling approach carefully to allow for maximal data collection/economy of sampling (e.g., data on partitioning weights can be collected on the same 20 culm sample). The leaf lamina and/or leaf sheath may also be analyzed for WSC separately, or not removed from the stem for ?whole stem? analysis. Lab analysis is performed by NIR or wet chemical method. StmWSC Measurement Standard method for stem strength. StmStrength Estimation Leaf area of flag leaf or all laminas is measured. Then the leaves are oven dried at 60-70oC for 48h and the dry weight is recorded. Then, the specific leaf area is calculated as the ratio of leaf area to dry mass SLA= leaf area/dry mass. SLA Measurement plant/m2 PstriSpkSev Estimation Severity of rust in spike is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. InsectDmg Estimation Standard method for insect damage. kg/hl Straw NIR calibrated. STR NIRS Measurement ColeopLng Measurement Standard method for coleoptile length. Standard method for Fusarium graminearum incidence. FgramInc Estimation 1-9 general scale Standard method for stomatal size. StomaSiz Measurement Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid RARSc Canopy Rarsc is an estimation of carotenoid content. 1-3 HRDCLS scale StmCol Estimation Standard method for stem color. Standard method for soil borne mosaic virus incidence. SBMVInc Estimation Standard method for sawfly damage. SawflyDmg Estimation ?mol/m2/s TTIB Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until initiation of booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. s/m scale_of Tiller Grain number Number of grains per tiller. Grain number per tiller GRATIL Standard method for straw yield. StrawYld Estimation spikelet