Moderate 2 61 60% plant height affected, 10% coverage 1 none JIC GNUP_Calc_kgha Luzie U Wingen 8 dense to very dense Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrAsh_E_pct CIMMYT PH_M_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_m CIMMYT TTRIT _pct__INC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TtritInc_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LODG_pct Lodg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RachLng_M_mm CIMMYT TllrGW_M_g Rosemary Shrestha CIMMYT 86 80% plant height affected, 60% coverage TGW_g TKW CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW_M_g1000grn THOUWT TGW 58 50% plant height affected, 80% coverage 40% (14.8% occupied by uredia) 40 STERIND_pct SpkSterility_Calc_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WormDmg_E_pct WORMDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRYELLCLS_1_3 FlrYellCls_M_1to3 GFP_calc_day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GFILLPERIOD_days PstriSev_E_0to12 PSTRI_0_12__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT GrndCov_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNDCOV_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_Calc_tha GRNYLD_t_ha Yld_tha GY_tha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFLRCOL_L_value WMFlrCol_M_Lvalue CIMMYT BYDInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BYD_0_9 50 50 SBMV_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SBMVInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT Lodg_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LODG_0_9 PrecoSev_E_0to12 PRECO_0_12__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 66 60% plant height affected, 60% coverage CIMMYT GLUB3_text GluB3_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRCOL_a_value CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrCol_M_avalue Kernel and milk development, Medium milk (milky liquid) 75 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVPG_index AlvPG_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GAmyloPec_M_pct CIMMYT AGRSCR_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AgrScr_E_0to9 CIMMYT AnthExt_E_pct CIMMYT Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVPL_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AlvPL_Calc_Idx GluD1_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUD1_text CIMMYT COLEOPLNG _cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ColeopLng_M_cm CIMMYT CIMMYT LeafPubDen_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFPUBDEN_0_9 60% plant height affected, 40% coverage 64 ISBM_M_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_kg_plot CIMMYT FHB_pct__GRNINC FHBGInc_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HNecro_E_0to1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HNECRO_0_1 LeafPubLng_M_um LEAFPUBLNG _um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrProt_Kjl_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRPROT_pct CIMMYT FlrSDS_M_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRSDS_ml susceptible to moderately susceptible 4 9 CIMMYT BLB_00_99__SEV BLBSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla tall (T) T Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPKDEN_1_9 CIMMYT SpkDen_E_1to9 GRNAPP_0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GApp_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ACDTOL _1_5 AcdTol_E_1to5 DTE_days DTE Emer_dto_day Days to emergence Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT FHBSpkWt_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_pct__SPKW Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HI_index HI_Calc_Idx 7 dense semi-hard (SH, 45-55) SH 30 30 GRNCOL_a_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GCol_M_avalue CIMMYT GW100_g Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW_M_g100grn CIMMYT CIMMYT AGRSCR_1_9 AgrScr_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DROUGHTTOL_pct DroughtTol_E_pct CIMMYT 4 high UAGRO_1_8__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla UagroResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT GRNPHOS_mg_kg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GPhos_M_mgkg CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SepSpResp_E_1to5 SEPSP_1_5__RESP CIMMYT 20% (7.4% occupied by uredia) 20 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LEAFLNG_cm LeafLng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFTHK_mm LeafThk_M_um TSpl_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTTS_days CIMMYT DTTS 1 very poor to poor (VP-P) AWNS_0_1 Awns_E_0to1 Luzie U Wingen JIC Luzie U Wingen AGBMNitr_M_pct JIC HerbDmg_N_T_S_M_V HERBDMG_1_5 HerbicideDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT StrawCol_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkDW_Calc_gm2 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SemoProt_Kjl_pct SEMOPROT _pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GCol_E_1to3 GRNCOL_1_3 SedIdx_M_mlpct SEDINDX_ml_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT STMRES_s_m StomaRes_M_sm GFibre_NIRS_pct JIC GRNFibre_pct Luzie U Wingen Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GReten_M_pct CIMMYT GRNRETEN_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNIRON_mg_kg GrnIron_M_mgkg Mat_relat_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RELTMT_1_5 RELTMT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla IBD CIMMYT IBD_yyyymmdd Boot_dateInit_ymd 5 moderately susceptible PLNTSTND_pl_m2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PlntStnd_Calc_Plntm2 Stem elongation or jointing, 6th node detectable 36 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI2_index CIMMYT NWI2_M_Idx M medium (M) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLNTSTND_pl_plot CIMMYT PlntStnd_Ct_PlntPlot Boot_dtoInit_day DTIB_days CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTIB GY_Calc_gm2 Yld_gm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNYLD_g_m2 GY_gm2 CIMMYT GM2 GNO kernel/m2 GN_Calc_Grnm2 KNO CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla grains/m2 GNO_grains_m2 HgramInc_E_0to9pct HGRAM_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 00 no disease moderately resistant, small to medium uredinia often surrounded by Chlorosis or necrosis, green island may be surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic border (2) 2 9 90% plants with broken straw RSpkGP_Calc_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmWSC_Atrone_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GYFac_Calc_num YLDFAC_num CIMMYT BM_Calc_kgha BM_kg_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla R Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis moderate 7 CIMMYT PhiCO2_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoResp_E_0to4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_0_4__RESP CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NODENO _num NodeNO_Ct_node CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount2_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TTB_Calc_Cday CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 60% plant height affected, 70% coverage 67 CIMMYT InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla INFERTNO_tll_m Ripening, Kernel hard (difficult to divide, 16% water) 91 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BOOT CIMMYT Boot_dto_day DTB_days DTB 1 10% anther extrusion TTH_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT TSPI_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ANT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DAYSAN Ant_dto_day DTA_days CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HTERE_00_99__SEV HtereSev_E_00to99 LeafGlau_E_0to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFGLAU_0_9 MS moderately susceptible (MS), average pycnidial density coverage of 30-40% No symptom of sharp eyespot 0 immune, no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection (0) I CIMMYT GYPR_Calc_gm2day Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVL_mm AlvL_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 90% plant height affected, 60% coverage 96 GRNH20_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GMoi_E_pct GrwHabit_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GHABIT_1_5 CIMMYT GlmWid_M_mm GLMWID_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT FvDA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 6 20% plant height affected, 90% coverage 29 semi-soft (SS, 51-55) SS 1 3 30% coverage 43 40% plant height affected, 30% coverage 4 poor to fair (P-F) PherpResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHPRP_1_8__RESP CIMMYT DNOXI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DnoxiDmg_E_pct CIMMYT HTERE_pct__INC HtereInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 intermediate PRECO_1_4__RESP PrecoResp_E_1to4 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EgramInc_E_1to9 EGRAM_1_9__INC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHBSpkResp_E_0to5 FHB_0_5__SPKRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ANTD ANTD_yyyymmdd Ant_date_ymd CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ANTDATE TTA_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SHATTERING_pct Shattering_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT absent 0 50% plant height affected, 90% coverage 59 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Anet_M_umolCO2m2s2 CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount4_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUA3_text GluA3_M_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TANSPOT_pct TanSpotInc_E_pct 0 no visible infection (0) RARSa_index RARSa_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 81 80% plant height affected, 10% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_g_m2 ISBM_Calc_gm2 CIMMYT CIMMYT HAILDMG_0_9 HailDmg_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLeafLWid_M_mm CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass6_pct InsectDmg_N_T_S_M_V InsectDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla INSECTDMG_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HtereSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSPK_num GRNSPK GrnSpk_Calc_GrnSpk grains/spike Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmDA_M_Idx 3 poor to fair (P-F) STMFRQ Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMFRQ_num StomaFrq_Ct_stomamm2 CIMMYT MAT CIMMYT DTM DAYSMT Mat_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTM_days PGRAM_1_8__ADLTRESP PgramResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SNODO_pct__INC SnodoInc_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TllrCAPACITY_1_5 TllrCapacity_E_1to5 SNO_spk_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SN_M_Spksm CIMMYT 3 low SPKLNG_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkLng_M_cm CIMMYT 4 40% plants with broken straw S Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones nearly immune, no uredinia, but hypersensitive necrotic or chlorotic flecks present (,) , CIMMYT NWI1_index NWI1_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StrawBreak_E_1to9 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RUE_Calc_gMJ 2 red to brown AtritResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ATRIT _1_8__RESP PLNTSTND_pl_m PlntStnd_Ct_Plntm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 9 very dense 60% coverage 6 60% plants with broken straw 6 Boot_date_ymd BOOTDATE Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BOOTD CIMMYT BOOTD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT PSTRI_1_8__ADLTRESP PstriResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 very good (VG) CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AwnCol_E_1to6 insensitive 0 TANSPOT_00_99__SEV TanSpotSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TCONT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TcontInc_E_pct WKILL_0_9 WKill_E_0to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafR550_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT R-MR resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) T1BL1RS_M_0to1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla T1BL1RS_0_1 CIMMYT 4 40% anther extrusion CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmDia_M_mm STMDIA_mm S spring TANSPOT_1_5__ADLTRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TanSpotResp_E_1to5 PRECO_1_9 PrecoInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EGRAM_1_5__INC EgramInc_E_1to5 BM_Calc_tha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_t_ha INSECTDMG_pct CIMMYT InsectDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_M_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLOTGRNYLD_g 30% plant height affected, 70% coverage 37 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TSpl_date_ymd TSD TSD_yyyymmdd PstriSev_E_pct PSTRI_pct__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRYLD FlrYld_M_pct FLRYD PSTRI_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PstriInc_E_1to9 StmSol_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMSOL_1_3 stem softened with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem 8 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrSDS_M_ml WMFLRSDS_ml CIMMYT RootDis_E_1to5 RootDis_N_T_S_M_V ROOTDIS_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ColdTol_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla COLDTOL_pct CIMMYT vitreous (V) V CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Awns_E_0to9 AWNS_0_9 StomaSiz_M_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT STMSIZ _um PSTRI_pct__CI CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriCI_Calc_pct LRollInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNCOL_L_value GCol_M_Lvalue CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Asat_M_umolCO2m2s1 2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GWid_M_mm 2 early (E) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TanSpotSdlgResp_E_0to5 CIMMYT TANSPOT_0_5__SEEDRESP CIMMYT HESFDMG _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HesFlyDmg_E_pct FLEAFA _cm2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLeafA_M_cm2 NWI3_index NWI3_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Seedling development , First leaf unfolded 11 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNCOL_1_5 GCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FgramResp_E_0to5 FGRAM_0_5__RESP StrawStn_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrwCls_E_1to3 GROWTHCLS_1_3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRWSTG_00_99 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DECODS GrwStg_Zdks_00to99 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GGTRI_1_5_INC GgtriInc_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFLRFN_s WMFlrFN_M_s 88 80% plant height affected, 80% coverage CIMMYT LI_M_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEPSP_00_99__SEV CIMMYT SepSpSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 55 50% plant height affected, 50% coverage 24 Tillering, Main shoot and 4 Tillers ISBM_g_plot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_M_gPlot CIMMYT 30% plant height affected, 80% coverage 38 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SGNDmg_E_pct ATRITDMG _pct RsecaSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RSECA_00_99__SEV ISBM_kg_ha ISBM_Calc_kgha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis S GSize_ScreenMass3_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TN_Ct_Tllrm TNO_tll_m CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RsolaInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RSOLA_0_9 72 70% plant height affected, 20% coverage HelSpSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HELSP_00_99 CIMMYT TNO_tll_pl CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TN_Ct_TllrPlnt CIMMYT LeafPI_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrCol_M_Lvalue CIMMYT FLRCOL_L_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SpkGW_M_g Ripening, 50% of viable seed germinates 96 AGRSCR_1_5 AgrScr_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 6 good (G) SepSPInc_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEPSP_pct__INC Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass5_pct BLBSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PEDPBD_0_9 PedPubDen_E_0to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_M_kgPlot PLOTGRNYLD_kg CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNPROT_pct GProt_Kjl_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafR750R700_M_Idx CIMMYT H hard (H) CIMMYT ISBM_Calc_tha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_t_ha CIMMYT FHBDON_M_ppm FHB_ppm__DON Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla very low 2 moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) MS-S 21 Tillering, Main shoot and 1 Tiller JIC STRNUP_Calc_kgha Luzie U Wingen GCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNCOL_b_value CIMMYT PstriSdlgResp_E_0to8 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_0_8__SEEDRESP CIMMYT BirdDmg_E_1to5 BIRDDMG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BirdDmg_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHORD_pct__SEV CIMMYT PhordSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FrostDmg_E_pct FROSTDMGP_pct 60% anther extrusion 6 83 80% plant height affected, 30% coverage GW200_g GW_M_g200grn Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHB_num__SPLINC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSplInc_Ct_SplInfect PgramSdlgResp_E_0to8 PGRAM_0_8__SEEDRESP CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Luzie U Wingen GFR_Calc_gday JIC GFILLRATE FvLA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LofVol_M_ml LOFVOL_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAVESCID_delta LeafCID_M_delta13C Luzie U Wingen BMNUP_Calc_kgha JIC TNO_tll_m2 TN_Ct_Tllrm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_cm PH_M_cm 50% plant height affected, 20% coverage 52 10% plant height affected, 90% coverage 19 CIMMYT LeafR750R550_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Germ_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GERM_pct GermiTest_pct 3 leaf has shape of a V CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMCOND_mmol_m2_s StomaCond_M_mmolm2s AlvIe_Calc_pct ALVIe_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla R red CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CHL_CCI Chl_M_CCI CIMMYT HSATIL_pct__INC HsatiLInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 22 20% plant height affected, 20% coverage CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafTNecro_E_pct LEAFTNECR _pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FOLDIS_1_5 FolDis_E_1to5 FoliarDis_N_T_S_M_V GSize_ScreenMass2_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRAINCID_delta GCID_M_delta13C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MS Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing 60 60 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKill_E_pct WKILL_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RARSc_index RARSc_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlTol_E_1to9 ALUTOL_1_9 Nitrogen harvest index Luzie U Wingen JIC NHI_Calc_pct medium to high 6 CIMMYT TINDI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TindiInc_E_pct RepP_Calc_day REPPERIOD_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Strong (S) S CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HsatiLSev_E_00to99 HSATIL_00_99__SEV late (L) 5 Germination, Imbibition complete 03 Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AnthExt_E_0to9 CIMMYT CROPGRWRATE_g_m2_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CropGrwRate_Calc_gm2day CIMMYT 6 2 highly susceptible to susceptible UTRIT_1_9__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla UtritInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass1_pct 1 highly susceptible 09 Germination, Leaf just at coleoptile tip CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LAI_index LAI_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FGRAM_00_99__SEV FgramSev_E_00to99 RARSb_M_Idx RARSb_index CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RNDVI_M_Idx RNDVI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla not vitreous (NV) NV PGRAM_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PgramNote_E_text CIMMYT CIMMYT LRollSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Wsurv_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SproutTol_E_1to9 SPROUTTOL _1_9 BlkPtInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BLKPT_pct CIMMYT low damage 3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_pct__SEV PrecoSev_E_pct Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis R CIMMYT PhiPS2_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PgramCI_Calc_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_pct__CI 95 Ripening, Seed dormant CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GProt_NIRS_pct GRNPROT_pct resistant R none 1 HAVEN_pct HavenDmg_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SawflyDmg_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CPYGM_pct 70% coverage 7 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_M_gPlnt GRNYLD_g_pl moderately resistant MR RcereInc_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RCERE_0_9 CIMMYT 7 high damage FgramInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FGRAM_pct__INC 4 lax to intermediate FoxiWilt_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FOXYWIL _pct 90% plant height affected, 70% coverage 97 unrolled, turgid 1 CIMMYT BM_M_gPlnt Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_g_pl moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some clorosis possible MS Luzie U Wingen GRNStarch_pct JIC GStarch_NIRS_pct Hd_dto_day HEAD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTH CIMMYT DTH_days DAYSHD SpkPho_Textile_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass4_pct SLA_M_m2kg1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 8 very high BlkPtInc_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLKPT_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTFND FND CIMMYT DTFND_days FND_dto_day CIMMYT GHrd_M_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HRDCLS_1_4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SuPDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT SUPDMG _1_5 1 very poor (VP) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_pct__SEV PgramSev_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DroughtTol_E_1to5 DROUGHTTOL_1_5 1 3 Tillering, Main shoot and 5 Tillers 25 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTDR_days CIMMYT DR DRidge_dto_day DTDR 40 40 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TILSP_pct TilSpSpkInc_E_pct CIMMYT FoDA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFLRCOL_a_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrCol_M_avalue Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FoLA_M_Idx BYD_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BYDInc_E_pct STRIT_00_99__SEV StritSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla high to very high damage 8 GLMCOL_1_3 GlmCol_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 90% plant height affected, 10% coverage 91 4 sparse to intermediate 3 very good (VG) FHB_1_8__SPKRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSpkResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT CIMMYT FrostDmg_E_0to9 FROSTDMGP_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla JIC BMNUtE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkDis_E_1to5 SPKDIS_1_5 SpkDis_N_T_S_M_V Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TTTS_Calc_Cday very susceptible (VS), > 50 % of infection VS 6 Mixed erect (E) E MATD CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MATDATE Mat_date_ymd MATD_yyyymmdd SpkPI_Calc_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT No visible affection 0 GLMLNG_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmLng_M_mm Booting, Boot just visibly swollen 43 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmStrength_E_1to9 STMSTRENGTH_1_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla UTRIT_pct__INC UtritInc_E_pct MS moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NBREAK_pct NeckBreak_E_pct GSize_ScreenCount5_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla W white purple P 50% coverage 5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FND_date_ymd FNDD FNDD_yyyymmdd EGRAM_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EgramInc_E_pct 4 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 2/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CrmStr_E_1to5 CIMMYT CRMSTR_1_5 PSTRI_pct__SPKSEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PstriSpkSev_E_pct no visible infection (0) 0 Germination, Coleoptile emerged from seed 07 One or more sharp eyespot lesions on lower sheaths but no symptoms on the stem 1 5 very dense 51 50% plant height affected, 10% coverage absent 0 HEADD_yyyymmdd HEADDATE HEADD Hd_date_ymd CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GFPTT_Calc_Cday Luzie U Wingen GFILLPERIOD_thermal_time JIC moderately susceptible to moderately tolerant 6 3 acronym RELTPH_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_E_1to5 2 very low Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BMPR_Calc_gm2day CIMMYT EGRAM_0_5__INC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EgramInc_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEMOCOL_b_value SemoCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GluA1_M_text GLUA1_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla COLDTOL_1_5 ColdTol_E_1to5 Stem elongation or jointing, Pseudo stem erection 30 17 Seedling development , 7 leaves unfolded 19 Seedling development , 9 or more leaves unfolded DRD_yyyymmdd DRD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DRidge_date_ymd 3 low CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ForgDM_E_pct 12 10% plant height affected, 20% coverage LodgInc_N_T_S_M_V LODG_1_5 Lodg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 4 LEAFGLAU_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafGlau_E_1to5 CIMMYT 1 very lax Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrndCov_GS15_pct CIMMYT GRNDCOV_pct__GS15 80% (29.6% occupied by uredia) 80 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoResp_E_1to8 PRECO_1_8__ADLTRESP 4 tolerant WI_M_Idx CIMMYT WI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 3 poor (P) CIMMYT GLys_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla normal, similar to local check (N) 4 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PedGlau_E_0to9 PEDGLAU_0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_kg_plot BM_M_kgPlot FgramSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TESTWT_kg_hl TestWt_M_kghl VgP_calc_pct CIMMYT VEGPERIOD_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla intermediate to dense 6 CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount1_pct 1 white awnletted (short) 3 CIMMYT Amax_M_umolCO2m2s2 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BORONTOL_1_9 BTol_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ARMDMG_pct ArmyWDmg_E_pct MixTq_M_pctmin CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MIXTQ_pct_min GlmPubDen_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLMPUBDEN _0_9 sparse 2 COKSDF_index CookSdF_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HEATTTOL_1_5 HeatTol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Heading, ½ of head emerged 55 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SrolfResp_E_1to8 SROLF_1_8 GFILLRATE_thermal_time GFRTT_Calc_gCday Luzie U Wingen JIC Tillering, Main shoot and 9 or more Tillers 89 Late hard dough (difficult to dent) 29 T tenacious (T) CIMMYT GRNZINC_mg_kg GZinc_M_mgkg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StrawYld_E_tha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BIRDDMG_pct CIMMYT BirdDmg_E_pct 97 Ripening, Seed not dormant CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_0_8__SEEDRESP PrecoSdlgResp_E_0to8 Threshblty_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla THRESHBLTY_1_9 CIMMYT GFILLPERIOD_pct GFP_calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EgramSev_E_00to99 EGRAM_00_99__SEV CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WtrLoggDmg_E_0to9 H2ODMG _0_9 TlaevInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TLAEV_pct__INC 4 dense Resistant (R) - Very light pycnidial formation. Some coalescing of lesions mainly toward the leaf tip and in older leaf tissue. R Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BLSSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT BLS_00_99 high 7 H hard (H, <45) LODG_1_9 Lodg_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla APHDMG_pct CIMMYT AphDmg_E_pct NWI4_index CIMMYT NWI4_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla YELBER_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GYellBer_M_pct 70 70 NDVI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT NDVI_index CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSplInc_Calc_Idx FHB_index__SPLINC 80% plant height affected, 40% coverage 84 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TTIB_Calc_Cday Ripening, Kernel loosening in daytime 93 PgramSev_E_0to12 PGRAM_0_12__SEV CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 Fusiform immune (0), no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection I YLDCHECK_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_PctChk_pct GLUTYP_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluTyp_E_1to5 77 Kernel and milk development, Late milk (more solids in milk) 5 medium 3 intermediate WT weak-tenacious (WT) early (E) E Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GgtriInc_E_pct GGTRI_pct__INC 90% plant height affected, 50% coverage 95 JIC Nitrogen utilisation efficiency Luzie U Wingen NutE_Calc_kgkgN WMFlrYellPig_M_ppm CIMMYT WMFLRYELPIG_ppm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 intermediate P Prostrate (P) 2 very poor to poor (VP-P) CIMMYT GrnSpl_Calc_GrnSpl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla grains/spikelet GRNSPL_num GRNSPL low to intermediate 4 CIMMYT PlntStnd_Calc_Plntha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLNTSTND_pl_ha Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmWSC_NIR_pct MH medium hard (MH) PstriNote_E_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_text CIMMYT MixTim_M_min Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MIXTIM_min BM_Calc_gm2 BM_g_m2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLeafLLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RELTHD CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Hd_relat_1to5 RELTHD_1_5 10 Seedling development , First leaf emerged facultative (intermediate) I 16 Seedling development , 6 leaves unfolded STRNitr_NIRS_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC Rosemary Shrestha CIMMYT GrnTllr_Calc_GrnTllr Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AlvW_M_joules ALVW_joules 2 leaf rim starts to roll 100% coverage 5 9 >90% anther extrusion fair (F) 4 moderately resistant (MR), small lesions surrounded by necrotic areas MR GHrd_M_1to3 HRDCLS_1_3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GThk_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PlntVig_E_1to5 PLNTVIG_1_5 CIMMYT FROSTDMGP_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FrostDmg_E_1to9 SplN_Ct_SplSpk spikelets/spike Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPLSPK_num CIMMYT SPLSPK 49 40% plant height affected, 90% coverage SEPSP_0_5__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SepSpResp_E_0to5 CIMMYT very hard (VH) VH Germination, Dry seed 00 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WKILL_1_5 WKill_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RsecaSev_E_pct 11 10% plant height affected, 10% coverage high to very high 8 22 Tillering, Main shoot and 2 Tillers 23 20% plant height affected, 30% coverage 20% plant height affected, 70% coverage 27 susceptible (S), pycnidial density greater than 40% S Luzie U Wingen NUE_Calc_kgkgN JIC Nitrogen use efficiency SEMOYELPIG_ppm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SemoYellPig_M_ppm VEGPERIOD_days VgP_calc_day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules semi-hard (SH, 45-50) SH Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmCol_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT STEMWSC_pct StmWSC_M_pct CIMMYT REPPERIOD_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RepP_Calc_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FvLAFmLA_M_Idx CIMMYT TESTWT_g_l TestWt_M_gl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFWID_mm LeafWid_M_mm HgramInc_E_pct HGRAM_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla very early (VE) VE Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FNIVLB_pct__INC CIMMYT FnivLBInc_E_pct GScreen_M_pct GRNSCREEN_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 41 Booting, Flag leaf sheath extending 40% plant height affected, 60% coverage 46 5 intermediate GHrd_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNHRD_pct 50% anther extrusion 5 50% plant height affected, 30% coverage 53 Seedling development , 3 leaves unfolded 13 moderate to high 6 1 very poor (VP) CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMTHK_um StmWallThk_M_um CGR_Calc_gm2day Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 low to moderate resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small lesions R Ripening, Secondary dormancy 98 low 2 S soft (S, >55) 57 Heading, ¾ of head emerged 1 weak PEDLNG _cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PedLng_M_cm susceptible (S), 21 to 50 % of infection S HI_Calc_pct HI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Immune (Imm) - No pycnidial formation, no symptoms or occasional hypersensitive fleck. Imm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FrostDmg_N_T_S_M_V FrostDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT FROSTDMG_1_5__SPK 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HAILDMG_1_5 HailDmg_E_1to5 HailDmg_N_T_S_M_V FE_Calc_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FvDAFmDA_M_Idx 1 very sparse very low 1 1 small Yld_kgha GY_kgha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNYLD_kg_ha GY_Calc_kgha moderately tolerant 7 light-yellow (b 2 1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafSPI_M_Idx very severe (V) 5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StdEst_E_1to3 CIMMYT Flowering or anthesis, Flowering half complete 65 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Mat_relat_1to6 RELTMT CIMMYT RELTMT_1_6 AVLG_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvG_M_mm MixTyp_E_1to6 MIXTYP_1_6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 moderately susceptible, medium-sized uredinia that may be associated with chlorosis (3) mid-strong 2 71 Kernel and milk development, Kernel watery ripe (clear liquid) 10% plant height affected, 30% coverage 13 20 Tillering, Main shoot only CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFLRCOL_b_value WMFlrCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT INFERTNO_tll_m2 InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm2 FHBSpkInc_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_pct__SPKINC MR-MS Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis 93 90% plant height affected, 30% coverage 10% plant height affected, 60% coverage 16 15 10% plant height affected, 50% coverage 8 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafPSSRa_M_Idx Heading, ¼ of head emerged 53 CIMMYT PSTRI_0_9__RESP PstriResp_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 34 30% plant height affected, 40% coverage Dough development, Early dough (elastic, dry and shiny) 83 StritResp_E_0to5 STRIT_0_5__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 20% coverage 2 P purple 0 none CIMMYT CiCa_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MgrisSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrFN_M_s CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRFN _s Luzie U Wingen JIC NupE_Calc_kgkgN 6 intermadiate to dense Seedling development , 2 leaves unfolded 12 5 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 3/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 60% (22.2% occupied by uredia) 60 poor (P) 2 S soft (S, >55) 6 Mixed good (G) 7 M moderate (M) GLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 30% anther extrusion Luzie U Wingen JIC BMNUE_Calc_kgkgN Flowering or anthesis, Flowering complete 69 80% anther extrusion 8 medium 3 87 Dough development, Hard dough (thumbnail impression held) 3 Poor sparse 3 FLeafSen_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLEAFSEN_pct CIMMYT 1 very early (VE) PrecoNote_E_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PNEGLE_pct CIMMYT PnegleDmg_E_pct CIMMYT SNO_spk_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SN_Calc_Spksm2 1 white (b<12.5) AWNLNG _cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AwnLng_M_cm trace 1 ISBM_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLMGLAU_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmGlau_E_0to9 CIMMYT 90% plant height affected, 80% coverage 98 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FnivLBSev_E_00to99 FNIVLB_00_99__SEV CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHB_pct__AUDPC FHBAUDPC_Calc_pct PhotopResp_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHOTORESPO_1_9 medium 3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BM_M_gPlot BM_g_plot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRI_M_Idx PRI_index Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf just visible 37 medium 2 2 20% anther extrusion SR_M_Idx SR_index CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount3_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 80% plant height affected, 20% coverage 82 54 50% plant height affected, 40% coverage red/white R/W Ci_M_umolCO2mol1 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 1/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 3 4 moderate (M) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SALTOL _1_9 SaltTol_E_1to9 BSMV_0_9 BSMV_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 44 40% plant height affected, 40% coverage 63 60% plant height affected, 30% coverage CIMMYT GRNSIZE_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_E_1to3 solid 3 JIC GsurfA_M_mm2 GRSA_M_mm2 Luzie U Wingen 21 20% plant height affected, 10% coverage Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafPSSRb_M_Idx 40% plant height affected, 70% coverage 47 2 very sparse to sparse 20% plant height affected, 40% coverage 24 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PhordInc_E_1to9 PHORD_1_9 very resistant (VR), average pycnidial density of 0-5% VR LODG_0_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Lodg_E_0to5pct 50% plant height affected, 60% coverage 56 LeafTR_M_mmolH2Om2s1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT JIC GNitr_NIRS_pct Luzie U Wingen GRN_pct MR Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis FLRGluCon_M_pct GLUCON_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla semi-spreading (SS) SS Seedling development , 8 leaves unfolded 18 MR moderately resistant (MR), average pycnidial density coverage of 15-30% SpkTyp_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 40% coverage 4 5 highly tolerant R red 2 poor (P) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SIPI_M_Idx SIPI_index GPlump_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNPLUMP_1_3 71 70% plant height affected, 10% coverage 0 intermediate damage 5 No visible infection on plants 0 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RLNDmg_E_pct RLESDMG_pct CIMMYT slight (S) 3 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTM_calc_Cday CTD_Calc_C CTD_C CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 9 SemoProt_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEMOPROT _pct very high damage 9 Heading, First spikelet of head visible 51 Susceptible (S) - Moderate pycnidial formation, lesions coalescing considerably. S Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRPROT_pct CIMMYT FlrProt_NIRS_pct JIC GPD_Calc_pct Luzie U Wingen 40% coverage 2 0 No visible affection 2 highly susceptible 1 90 90 30% plants with broken straw 3 Booting, Flag leaf sheath opening 47 Dough development, Very early dough (slides when crushed) 81 8 tolerant medium strong (MS) MS RootRot_E_0to9pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ROOTROT_0_9 semi-erect (SE) SE CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluD3_M_text GLUD3_text MR-MS Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis present 1 X heterogeneous, random distribution of variable-sized uredinia on single leaf (X) 90% plant height affected, 20% coverage 92 EDATE Emer_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EMERD_yyyymmdd EMERDATE Emergence date CIMMYT EMERD Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RUET_Calc_gMJ CIMMYT 3 60% coverage 3 strong Luzie U Wingen StrawYld_Calc_tha JIC 5 awned (conspicuous) 7 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafR675_M_Idx 4 high dense 7 I immune (I), 0 % of infection 26 20% plant height affected, 60% coverage 18 10% plant height affected, 80% coverage rolled leaf rim covers part of leaf blade 4 large 3 PV partly vitreous (PV) 01 Germination, Water uptake (imbibition) started 2 trace (T) high 7 Heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf base (Z) Z GHrd_M_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HRDCLS_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CT_C CT_M_C 62 60% plant height affected, 20% coverage MR Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis CIMMYT AphDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla APHDMG_1_5 1 absent MS moderately susceptible (MS), 12 to 20 % of infection one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 4/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 6 Wheat ontology 90% (33.3% occupied by uredia) 90 W white 1 Good R resistant (R), 1 to 8 % of infection 28 Tillering, Main shoot and 8 Tillers 100 100% (37% occupied by uredia) 32 Stem elongation or jointing, 2nd node detectable 39 30% plant height affected, 90% coverage very poor (VP) 0 none 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT NPQI_M_Idx NPQI_index VL very late (VL) 1 very low 3 yellow (b>15) severe 5 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla InfertSpkN_Ct_SplSpk CIMMYT 7 70% plants with broken straw CIMMYT SEDVTR_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GVtr_E_1to3 61 Flowering or anthesis, Start of flowering Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing MS 50 50% (18.5% occupied by uredia) ETR_M_?molm2s1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 20% coverage 1 I intermediate (M), lesions of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis 70% plant height affected, 40% coverage 74 Amber 5 70% plant height affected, 60% coverage 76 S susceptible 1 1% (0.37% occupied by uredia) 30 30% (11.1% occupied by uredia) CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FmLA_M_Idx 6 very late (VL) shrivelled (SH) 1 awnless 0 87 80% plant height affected, 70% coverage H hard (H, <45) GNDVI_M_Idx GNDVI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis S PhordCI_Calc_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHORD_pct__CI one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 5/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 7 S susceptible (S), large lesions, no necrosis or chlorosis 94 90% plant height affected, 40% coverage 5 leaf is severely rolled 89 80% plant height affected, 90% coverage RodentDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RODDMG_pct No anther extrusion 0 73 70% plant height affected, 30% coverage CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRCOL_b_value FlrCol_M_bvalue 60% plant height affected, 80% coverage 68 70% (25.9% occupied by uredia) 70 4 80% coverage W/R white/red 30% plant height affected, 50% coverage 35 78 70% plant height affected, 80% coverage 70% plant height affected, 50% coverage 75 SNAILDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SnailDmg_E_pct 8 VR very resistance 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmLng_M_cm STMLNG_cm fair (F) 3 PTHORN_pct PthornDmg_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 10% coverage GSize_ScreenCount6_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 20 20 MR moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas StayGreen_E_1to5 STAYGREEN_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla soft (S) S immune I 80 80 40% plant height affected, 50% coverage 45 5 5% (1.85% occupied by uredia) Dough development, Soft dough (firm, thumbnail mark not held) 85 I intermediate (M), pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis 3 early to normal (E-N) 57 50% plant height affected, 70% coverage 0% (no uredia) 0 5 severe dense to very dense 8 Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible 39 30% plant height affected, 60% coverage 36 Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones S Kernel and milk development, Early milk (liquid off -white) 73 41 40% plant height affected, 10% coverage purple to black 3 23 Tillering, Main shoot and 3 Tillers 90% coverage 9 Black 3 no damage 0 resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules R I Intermediate (I) - Light pycnidial format ion. Coalescing of lesions normally noticeable towards the leaf tip and elsewhere on the leaf. 4 GLUB1_text GluB1_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT W weak (W) intermediate to high damage 6 2 20% plants with broken straw medium soft (MS) MS moderate M Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRECO_pct__CI PrecoCI_Calc_pct head prematurely ripened (whitehead) or plant collapsed with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem, or shoot killed as the ear emerges from the sheath with sharp eyespot lesions on the shoot 9 ANTDMG_pct AntDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT R resistant (R), average pycnidial density of 5-15% 50% plants with broken straw 5 very low to low 2 very short (VS) VS susceptible 2 ErlVig_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ERLVIG_1_5 ALVP_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvP_M_mm very good (VG) 9 49 Booting, First awns visible 9 very dense low to intermediate damage 4 7 good to very good (G-VG) GLMPUBLNG_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmPubLng_M_um CIMMYT Oblong 3 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Fs_M_Idx 20% plant height affected, 80% coverage 28 31 30% plant height affected, 10% coverage Ripening, Overripe, straw dead and collapsing 94 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STRIT_pct__INC StritInc_E_pct 31 Stem elongation or jointing, 1st node detectable 77 70% plant height affected, 70% coverage 3 susceptible severe 9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHORD_0_12__SEV PhordSev_E_0to12 very lax to lax 2 Red 2 20% plant height affected, 50% coverage 25 resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) R-MR L late (L) Branched 2 7 4 low to medium 70% anther extrusion 7 short (S) S good (G) 4 48 40% plant height affected, 80% coverage fair (F) 5 2 very low damage 8 80% coverage Tillering, Main shoot and 6 Tillers 26 6 intermediate to moderate none (N) 1 34 Stem elongation or jointing, 4th node detectable lax 3 moderate to high 8 very good (VG) 8 intermediate 3 HR Highly Resistant (HR) - No or only occasional isolated pycnidia formed, particularly in older leaf tissue, hypersensitive flecking in younger leaf tissue. 10% plant height affected, 40% coverage 14 very susceptible VS 5 S susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis W winter highly tolerant 9 hollow 1 Ripening, Secondary dormancy lost 99 92 Ripening, Kernel hard (not dented by thumbnail) 8 80% plants with broken straw 6 fair to good (F-G) 8 good to very good (G-VG) Heading, Emergence of head complete 59 2 low 10 10 15 Seedling development , 5 leaves unfolded 2 one or more sharp eyespot lesions on upper (as well as lower) sheaths but no symptoms on the stem 5 Elliptical moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) MS-S 69 60% plant height affected, 90% coverage 5 fair to good (F-G) 60% plant height affected, 50% coverage 65 entity 5 intermediate 10 10% (3.7% occupied by uredia) susceptible, large uredinia without chlorosis (4) 4 9 very high 40% plant height affected, 20% coverage 42 4 80% plant height affected, 50% coverage 85 Clavate 4 Very susceptible (VS), large, abundant pycnidia, lesions coalescing extensively VS 10% plant height affected, 70% coverage 17 Booting, Boot swollen 45 MS moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible 1 No breakage very tall (VT) VT moderately Susceptible (MS), medium-sized lesions, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible MS moderate 5 White 1 30% plant height affected, 30% coverage 33 1 very resistant, small uredinia surrounded by necrosis (1) LM light moderate MR moderately resistant (MR), 9 to 11 % of infection 05 Germination, Radicle emerged from seed Y heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf tip (Y) moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR MS moderate susceptible S spreading (S) 35 Stem elongation or jointing, 5th node detectable attribute 3 low 30% plant height affected, 20% coverage 32 4 Purple 90% plant height affected, 90% coverage 99 9 excellent (E) 33 Stem elongation or jointing, 3rd node detectable 9 high 27 Tillering, Main shoot and 7 Tillers MR moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas 2 good (G) R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules 79 70% plant height affected, 90% coverage 6 Seedling development , 4 leaves unfolded 14 light moderate susceptible LMS g/200 grain FLeafA Flag leaf area Area of the flag leaf lamina. Flag leaf Area Plant Deviation from the grain yield -grain protein linear regression. Grain protein deviation GPD Grain Protein Deviation ISBM Estimation Standard method for In-season aboveground biomass. 1. A sample of 60 grams or 250 grams of flour is mixed with a salt solution to form a dough. 2. The dough is sheeted, rested and inflated in the Chopin Alveograph, 2. Five 4.5 centimeter circular dough patties are formed and then rested in the alveograph in a temperature-regulated compartment at 25 degrees Celsius for approximately 20 minutes, 3. Each dough patty is tested individually. The alveograph blows air into a dough patty, which expands into a bubble that eventually breaks, 4. The pressure inside the bubble is recorded as a curve on graph paper. The alveograph determines the gluten strength of a dough by measuring the force required to blow and break a bubble of dough. The results include P Value, L Value, and W Value. ALVEOGRAPH determination AACC 54-30 A Canopy normalized water index 1 Normalized water index 1 Normalized water index 1 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Canopy NWI1 Alveograph P/G Dough AlvPG It is the p/g ratio. Dough alveograph P/G Observe threshability by hand threshing of one or two spikes and rate it according how easily grains are separated from the rachis and glumes using 1 (hard to thresh) to 9 (easy to thresh) scale. Threshblty Estimation Standard method for foliar disease development. FolDis Estimation RepP Plant Time between double ridge (approx. ds14) and anthesis (ds65). Reproductive period Reproductive period Biomass production rate. Production per day Biomass production rate BMPR Biomass Standard method for test weight. AACC 55-10 or SeedCount management procedure PrecoSev Leaf rust severity Leaf rust severity Leaf Leaf rust (brown rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. node g/m2/day WtrLoggDmg Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Waterlogging damage Plant Waterlogging damage Plant Stem rust (black rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Stem rust severity Stem rust severity PgramSev Plant BMNitr Above ground biomass nitrogen content Nitrogen content Nitrogen content of the above ground biomass. Stem rust notes Stem rust notes PgramNote Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Plant 0-1 absent-present Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia tritici (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). Spike TtritInc Tilletia tritici bunt incidence Tilletia tritici bunt incidence Length Length of flag leaf lamina. FLeafLLng Flag leaf lamina Flag leaf lamina length Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Amax Measurement The plant damage caused by rodent. Plant RodentDmg Rodent damage Rodent damage TTB Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. SpkPho Computation Textile treatment is used to inhibit photosynthesis of the spikes through shading(comparison between control and treated spikes). Randomly selected spikes (for example: 12 spikes) per plot are covered with a special designed textile 10 days after anthesis under irrigation and drought or 10 days after heading under heat environments. Then, at physiological maturity the spikes are harvested together with 12 control spikes and the number of grains and weight are recorded and compared the treated spikes with the control ones (Sanchez-Bragado et al., 2016). Measurement of plant emergence and vigor in the field. Establish Stand establishment Plant StdEst Leaf Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Ci Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration. %/min BMNUp Nitrogen uptake Above ground biomass nitrogen uptake Plant Uptake of Nitrogen in the above ground biomass at maturity. Content of phosphorus in grain. Grain phosphorous content GPhos Phosphorous content Grain 0-9 RCERE scale LeafTNecro Estimation Leaf tip necrosis is observed and rated in percentage. tiller/m2 GSize Estimation Visual observation of grains size. WMFlrYellPig Yellow pigment content Whole meal flour yellow pigment content Whole meal flour Whole meal flour yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Dough mixograph torque Dough Mixograph torque MixTq It is the torque measured during the mixograph test. Stem strength StmStrength Strength Strength of the culm. Stem PrecoInc Estimation Standard method for leaf rust incidence. 0-5 TANSPOT field response scale LeafLng Measurement Standard method for leaf length. Spike fertility index. Dry weight of 20 randomly selected spikes at anthesis. Fruiting Efficiency= number of grains at maturity / spike dry matter at anthesis. FE Computation It is the rate of dry matter production per unit area. Biomass production CGR Plant Crop growth rate t/ha The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei. Pratylenchus thornei damage Root PthornDmg Pratylenchus thornei damage 0-9 density scale Bacterial leaf blight severity BLBSev Bacterial leaf blight severity Leaf Wheat bacterial leaf blight severity in the plants caused by the agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. symptoms: small (less than 0.04 inches) water-soaked lesions expand and eventually coalesce. initial lesions become necrotic and turn from gray-green to tan-white. Entire leaves may become necrotic, but heads and glumes are typically symptomless. RsolaInc Estimation Standard method for rhizoctonia root rot incidence. Straw StrawYld Straw yield Yield Amount (weight) of straw. ml/% TanSpotResp Estimation Standard method for scoring tan spot response in adult plants. Dwarf bunt incidence Dwarf bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia controversa. TcontInc Dwarf bunt incidence Spike Canopy spectral reflectance Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Standard method for grain hardness class. GHrd Measurement AgrScr Estimation For agronomic score observe visually detectable signs of factors limiting yields and rate. HtereSev Estimation Standard method for net blotch severity. Spectral reflectance Leaf spectral reflectance 750/550 nm The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R550 nm wavelength. Leaf LeafR750R700 PhordInc Estimation Standard method for Barley leaf rust incidence. Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until emergence (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTH Computation Semolina color The semolina color. Color Semolina SemoCol Rust severity Estimation Severity of rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. kg/kg N min Germination Grain germination Proportion of seed that germinate under proper condition. Grain Germ Standard method for forage dry matter. ForgDM Estimation HI Computation Harvest index is expressed in percentage and can be calculated as Harvest index (%) = (Grain yield/Biomass)*100. Straw Straw color Color Color of straw. StrawCol FHBSpkResp Estimation Standard method for FHB spike response. Grain Sprouting tolerance Sprouting tolerance Tolerance of grain to sprout when in the spike. SproutTol Standard method for flour yield. FlrYld Measurement degree C day Solidness Stem solidness StmSol Solidness of stem. Stem % TTA Plant Anthesis thermal time Anthesis thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Anthesis (GS65). Observation of awn type whether awnless/awnletted (short awns)/awned (conspicious awns). Spike Spike awnedness Awnedness Awns PedPubDen Peduncle hairiness density. Peduncle Pubescence density Peduncle pubescence density SIPI Structural independent pigment index uses wavelengths showing the best semi-empirical estimation of the carotenoid chlorophyll a ratio (car:chla ratio), and its formulation minimizes the disrupting effects of leaf surface and mesophyll structure. Canopy Structural independent pigment index Canopy structural independent pigment index Grain number per spike Grain number Spike Number of grains per spike. GrnSpk Booting thermal time Plant Booting thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Booting (GS45). TTB PstriInc Estimation Standard method for Stripe rust incidence. Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriSpkSev Stripe rust spike severity Stripe rust spike severity Spike 0-9 scoring scale The plant damage caused by worms. WormDmg Worm damage Worm damage Plant Time period between emergence (ds10) and first node detectable (ds31). VgP Plant Plant vegetative period Vegetative period infertile tiller/m2 grain/spikelet Double digit (00-99) grains/tiller Infertile tiller Number of infertile tillers per unit area, sample or plant. Number Infertile tiller number InfertTN NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement mmol H2O/m2/s Net blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (helminthosporium teres). HtereInc Net blotch incidence Leaf Net blotch incidence HgramInc Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Barley helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence in the plants caused by the agent Drechslera graminea (helminthosporium gramineum). Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Leaf Spike Fusarium head blight spike incidence FHBSpkInc Fusarium head blight spike incidence Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in spikes caused by the agent fusarium spp. Length of rachis. RachLng Rachis length Length Rachis Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust incidence PstriInc Leaf Stripe rust incidence Standard method for flag smut field response. UagroResp Estimation cm2 Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. GFPTT Computation Coleoptile Coleoptile length ColeopLng Length Length of coleoptile (a protective sheath that surrounds the shoot tip and the embryonic leaves of the young shoot of grasses). Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust coefficient of infection PstriCI Stripe rust coefficient of infection Leaf SawflyDmg Sawfly damage Plant Sawfly damage The plant damage caused by sawfly, Cephus cinctus. 0-8 Rust infection type GReten Measurement Measured as weight by percentage of all matter remaining above a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots. Standard method for snail damage. SnailDmg Estimation FHBSplInc Computation Calculated as the index (ratio) of infected spikelets over total number of spikelets by Calonectria nivalis (Fusarium nivale, F. graminearum) causing scab disease in spike. Leaf Barley leaf rust incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. PhordInc Barley leaf rust incidence Barley leaf rust incidence A physiological phenomenon caused by hot, dry and windy weather. the whole tip of the flag leaf tends to be necrotic and will often fold over. leaf tip necrosis progresses from the margins of the flag leaf tip and lower leaves as well show some signs of it. leaf tip necrosis is observed to some extent in all wheat varieties containing the leaf rust gene resistance gene lr34. Tip necrosis Leaf LeafTNecro Leaf tip necrosis incidence Measurement of flour/whole meal/grain color with the Minolta chromameter, L value represents whiteness, a* value (reddishness) represents red and green colors and b* value (yellowness) represents yellow and blue colors. Using the Minolta Chroma Meter Test: 1. A sample of flour/whole meal/grain is placed on the granular materials attachment and compacted, 2. The Minolta Chroma Meter is inserted into the granular materials attachment, 3. Measurements are taken and recorded, 4.Color results are reported in terms of 3-dimensional color values based on the following rating scale: L* value whiteness: 100 white, 0 black, a* value positive +60 red color, negative values -60 green color, b* value positive +60 yellow color, negative values -60 blue color. Minolta Chroma Meter Test SDS-PAGE electrophoresis 1. Extract storage proteins (glutenins/gliadins) from wheat grain, 2. Separate glutenins from gliadins, 3. Run proteins extracts in polyacrylamide gels, 4. Stain the gel and de-stain, 5. Identify the allele for each locus. Plant Grain filling period thermal time GFPTT Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87) in thermal time. Grain filling period thermal time Fusarium graminearum plant response FgramResp Fusarium graminearum response in the plants. Fusarium graminearum plant response Spike TN Counting Count or calculate the number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per lineal meter, per plant or per square meter. Standard method for grain color. GCol Estimation Protein content in durum wheat semolina. Semolina protein content Protein content SemoProt Semolina 0-9 AWNS scale Standard method for wheat bacterial leaf blight severity. BLBSev Estimation g/100 grain StomaRes Leaf Resistance to diffusion of water vapor through a plant stomata. Stomatal resistance Leaf stomatal resistance GrndCov Measurement High throughput approaches to measuring ground cover are: visual assessment or digital analysis of photographs Marvin method for whole surface area. GSurfA_Measurement CiCa Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. plant/plot L value Ant damage AntDmg Ant damage Plant The plant damage caused by ants. ml Leaf transpiration rate. LeafTR Leaf Leaf transpiration rate Leaf transpiration rate GrnSpk Computation The number of grains per spike can be measured independently by threshing a known number of randomly selected spikes per plot (10-20 spikes per plot) or can be calculated as: Grains per spike (GSP) = grains m2 / spikes m2. 1-6 COLOR scale Septoria blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Septoria blotch severity Leaf Septoria blotch severity SepSpSev Standard method for peduncle pubescence density. PedPubDen Estimation CTD Computation Standard method for canopy temperature depression. AwnCol Estimation Standard method for awn color. PgramSdlgResp Stem rust seedling response Seedling Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Stem rust seedling response TlaevInc Estimation Tilletia laevis incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. Sharp eyespot incidence Plant Sharp eyespot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia cerealis. RcereInc Sharp eyespot incidence Coefficient of infection (CI) calculated by multiplying the severity times a constant for host response: where immune = 0.0, R=0.2, MR =0.4, MS =0.8, and S=1.0. Rust Coefficient of infection Computation BYDInc Estimation Standard method for barley yellow dwarf incidence. GPlump Grain Grain plumpness Plumpness The degree of endosperm filling. AntDmg Estimation Standard method for ant damage. Spot blotch severity Spot blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (Helminthosporium sativum). Spot blotch severity Leaf HsatiLSev Flag smut plant response Flag smut disease response in the plants caused by the agent Urocystic agropyri causing flag smut disease. Plant Flag smut plant response UagroResp Spikelet FHBSplInc Fusarium head blight (scab) spikelets incidence caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence PthornDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot plant response Tan spot plant response TanSpotResp Leaf Image Analysis Screen Mass6 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that are below 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Stem wall thickness StmWallThk Wall thickness Stem wall thickness. Stem Spike Spike density SpkDen Density Density or compactness of a wheat spike. 0-9 percentage scale Plant RsolaInc Rhizoctonia root rot incidence Rhizoctonia root rot incidence Rhizoctonia root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia solani. Fusarium leaf blotch incidence Fusarium leaf blotch incidence FnivLBInc Plant Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). Standard method for powdery mildew incidence. EgramInc Estimation Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust coefficient of infection PrecoCI Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf Standard method for glume length. GlmLng Measurement TanSpotSev Tan spot severity Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Leaf Tan spot severity The 1bl/1rs translocation in wheat resulted from replacing the short arm of the chromosome 1b of wheat by the short arm of the chromosome 1r of rye (Secale cereale l.). Translocation 1BL/1RS T1BL1RS Absence/Presence Translocation 1BL/1RS Fusarium head blight spike weight Fusarium head blight spike weight Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. FHBSpkWt Spike Leaf Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll a LeafPSSRa Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-a. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Chlorophyll content mg/kg GApp Estimation Standard method for grain appearance. FgramSev Fusarium graminearum severity Fusarium graminearum severity in the plants. Fusarium graminearum severity Spike Number Spike Number of spikes (fertile culms) per unit area, sample or plant. Spike number SN StomaRes Measurement Standard method for stomatal resistance. StmLng Measurement Standard method for stem length. Standard method for stomatal size. StomaSiz Measurement Gluten type Flour GluTyp Flour gluten type Gluten type whether weak-tenacious/tenacious/weak/medium strong/strong. Leaf intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Leaf Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio CiCa Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio. Grain number Number of grains expressed as per unit area or sample. Number GN Grain LeafWid Measurement Standard method for leaf width. Length of spike. Spike length Spike Length SpkLng Plant HI Harvest index A ratio of grain yield to total above ground biomass. Biomass partitioning to grain Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FoLA Measurement Seedling rust field response Estimation Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. Standard method for glume width. GlmWid Measurement delta 13C Standard method for straw breakage. StrawBreak Estimation NHI Plant Nitrogen harvest index The fraction of Nitrogen recovered in the harvested grain as a function of the total Nitrogen taken up. Nitrogen harvest index Number of days from sowing to the seedling emergence (DS10). Emer DS10 days Computation Bacterial leaf streak severity Leaf Bacterial leaf streak severity Bacterial leaf streak severity in the plants caused by the agent Xanthomonas translucens. The disease, called black chaff when on the glumes. BLSSev Canopy red normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Canopy RNDVI Leaves carbon isotope discrimination can be measured in the leaves during early canopy development in well irrigated trials, in which case genotypic effects will be related mainly to transpiration efficiency. LeafCID Leaf Carbon isotope discrimination Leaf carbon isotope discrimination Image Analysis Screen Mass1 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains greater than 2.8 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Color observation on the outer glume at maturity. Color Glume color GlmCol Glume Plant vigour Plant PlntVig Capacity of the plant to grow. Vigour Emergence time is when the first leaf appears above the soil surface. Plant Emergence time Emergence time Emer Gfibre Grain Fibre content Grain fibre content Content of fibre (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Leaf Tan spot incidence Tan spot incidence TanSpotInc Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. BlkPtInc Estimation Black point incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of grain with black point symptoms. Leaf maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry Maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry FvLAFmLA Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured in the leaf. Leaf SpkDen Estimation Standard method for spike density. Leaf Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust severity Stripe rust severity PstriSev Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Rarsc is an estimation of carotenoid content. Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Canopy RARSc Spike SpkPho Spike Photosynthesis Photosynthetic contribution of the spike (ear) to grain yield. Spike photosynthesis contribution ISBM Computation Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. StmWSC Atrone Measurement Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with chemical method Antrone. Adult plants rust field response Estimation Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to leaf/stem/stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the following scale: 0-No visible infection. R-Resistant, necrotic areas with or without small pustules. MR-Moderately Resistant, small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas. M-Intermediate, pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis. MS-Moderately Susceptible, medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible. S-Susceptible, large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis. Loaf volume Bread loaf volume Baking quality of flour describing bread loaf volume. LofVol Bread Normalized water index 3 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). NWI3 Canopy Normalized water index 3 Canopy normalized water index 3 BTol Estimation The response of a cultivar or genotype is expressed on a score 1-9, where 1= highly susceptible and 9 = highly tolerant, based on the extent of bronze colored necrosis of leaf tips extending down the leaf margins Lysine content Lysine content of the kernel/grain. Grain GLys Grain lysine content plant/m Winter survival Winter survival Ability to survive or withstand cold temperatures in the late fall, winter, or early spring. Wsurv Plant NodeN Node number Stem Number of nodes in the main stem. Node number BMNUte Computation Calculated as biomass per unit of Nitrogen taken up. g/plot Leaf rust seedling response Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. PrecoSdlgResp Leaf rust seedling response Seedling Leaf Pubescence length LeafPubLng Leaf pubescence length Leaf pubescent length. Grain number per tiller Number of grains per tiller. Tiller GRATIL Grain number scale_of Calculated with grain yield obtained /days to maturity. GYPR Computation Standard method for yellow berry incidence. GYellBer Measurement MixTyp Dough mixograph type Dough Mixograph type (mixograph curve) is used for determining the strength of dough. Mixograph type Leaf width LeafWid Width Width of leaf. Leaf Moisture content is determined by drying a grain wheat sample in an air oven and comparing the weight of the sample before and after heating. The amount of weight loss is the moisture content. Moisture content results are expressed as a percentage. GMoi Estimation Plant Grain fill rate thermal time Grain weight increase per degree day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). GFRTT Grain fill rate thermal time Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. GFP days Computation grain/m2 s/m Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch incidence. StritInc Estimation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until physiological maturity (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTM Computation Width Grain width GWid Grain Width of whole grain. NeckBreak Estimation Standard method for neck break. StomaFrq Stomatal frequency Leaf Number of stomata counted per unit area on the leaf surface. Leaf stomatal frequency Standard method for straw strength. StrawStn Estimation The plant damage caused by snails. Plant SnailDmg Snail damage Snail damage Growth class Growth class Plant Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat. GrwCls day cm Falling number Flour falling number Flour FlrFN The falling number is defined as the time in seconds required stirring and allowing stirrer to fall a measured distance through a hot aqueous flour or meal gel undergoing liquefaction due to a-amylase activity. Calculated grain weight increase per degree day with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. GFRTT Computation Extent to which long days hasten flowering. Plant PhotopResp Photoperiod response Plant photoperiod response stoma/mm2 FlrYellCls Flour Flour yellowness. Flour yellowness Yellowness Anet Leaf net photosynthesis rate Carbon fixation by photosynthesis. Leaf Net photosynthesis rate Calculate grain yield of an entry as percentage over a local check. GY Relative to check Computation Spike Loose smut incidence Loose smut incidence in the plants caused by ustilago tritici. UtritInc Loose smut incidence HgramInc Estimation Standard method for Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence. Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/700. Leaf R750/R700 Measurement Transfer of electrons during photosynthesis in light saturated leaf. Leaf ETR Leaf electron transport rate Electron transport rate Fusarium wilt incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium oxysporum. Plant Fusarium wilt incidence Fusarium wilt incidence FoxiWilt Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Chl Leaf Plant Southern blight plant response Southern blight response in the plants caused by the agent Corticum rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii). SrolfResp Southern blight plant response Tiller Grain weight GWTTILL Grain weight per tiller Grain weight per tiller. Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. PlntVig Estimation BMNUp Computation Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground biomass at harvest. NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NUE Computation Calculated as the grain yield divided by the total soil Nitrogen. Stem Color Stem color StmCol Color of the stems. Leaf Stripe rust plant response Stripe rust plant response PstriResp Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Image Analysis Screen Count6 Standard method for screening grain size distribution <1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Soil borne mosaic incidence Soil borne mosaic incidence SBMVInc Soil borne mosaic incidence in the plants caused by the agent soilborne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv) which is vectored by Plasmodiophorid polymyxa graminis. Leaf Grain color Color Grain color. Grain GCol ColdTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at temperature lower than the optimum temperature and rate the tolerance. PrecoResp Leaf rust plant response Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf Leaf rust plant response Plant damage caused by herbicide. Plant Herbicide damage HerbicideDmg Herbicide damage 1-8 rust field response scale Flour GluB1 Glutenin Glu-B1 composition Glutenin Glu-B1 composition High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b1. plant/ha Spike Spike dry weight Spike dry weight Dry weight of spike(s). SpkDW Spike disease development The plant damage caused by spike diseases. SpkDis Spike Spike disease development Standard method for barley scald blight severity. RsecaSev Estimation Grain protein content GProt Protein content Grain Content of protein (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency Plant Biomass Nitrogen utilization efficiency Biomass Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency as the biomass in relation to the total amount of N in above-ground plant at harvest. BMNUtE Semolina yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Semolina Semolina yellow pigment content Yellow pigment content SemoYellPig FHBSpkInc Estimation Standard method for FHB spike incidence. Rolling severity Leaf rolling severity Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. LRollSev Leaf Shape characteristics of typical mature spikes. Spike SpkTyp Spike type Type TilSpSpkInc Estimation Common bunt incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. Leaf stomatal size Stomatal size StomaSiz Leaf Stomata size. ppm Record date of anthesis (DS65) when 50% of spikes have flowered (i.e. at least 1 anther dehisced). Ant DS65 date Estimation RodentDmg Estimation Standard method for rodent damage. 1-3 STRAWStrength The plant damage caused by armyworm. Plant Armyworm damage Armyworm damage ArmyWDmg Above ground biomass nitrogen efficiency Nitrogen Use Efficiency Plant The above ground biomass production per total Nitrogen available to a plant. BMNUE Standard method for net blotch incidence. HtereInc Estimation Rating of overall agronomic attributes and health of plants. Phenotypic acceptability Plant AgrScr Agronomic score Fusarium head blight spike response Fusarium head blight (scab) spike response caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spike response FHBSpkResp Spike Grain Grain vitreousness GVtr Vitreousness One of the key quality parameters in the determination of durum quality referring to translucent or glass-like appearance when seeds are transversely sectioned and observed whether not vitreous/partly vitreous/vitreous. it is associated with high protein and hard grain. Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. ErlVig Estimation Height Height of plant from ground to top of spike, excluding awns. Plant PH Plant height yyyymmdd RNDVI Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Standard method for ground cover at 5 leaves stage. GrndCov Measurement (GS15) Standard method for sawfly damage. SawflyDmg Estimation Score a relative plant height to local check using 1-5 scale where 3 is used for the local check (1 = short, 5 = tall). Assessment of plant height compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. PH Estimation Glume Glume pubescence length on outer side of sterile glume. Pubescence length Glume pubescence length GlmPubLng Barley yellow dwarf incidence Barley yellow dwarf incidence BYDInc Wheat yellow dwarf incidence in the plants caused by the agent wheat yellow dwarf virus. Plant WMFlrAsh Whole meal flour Ash content in flour. Whole meal flour ash content Ash content GluTyp Estimation Gluten type is determined based on gluten properties data (flour protein content, Alveograph W, Alveograph P/L) following Peña 2011: Wheat End-use Quality types. Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Canopy Normalized difference vegetation index Canopy normalized difference vegetation index NDVI Standard method for aphid damage. AphDmg Estimation GLng Length of whole grain. Grain Length Grain length TilSpSpkInc Spike Common bunt spike incidence Common bunt (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia species. Common bunt spike incidence 1-3 SEDVTR scale Ant DS65 DT Computation Number of days required from sowing to when 50% of spikes have flowered (DS65). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. g/1000 grain text Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a light adapted leaf. FvLAFmLA measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. GNDVI Measurement Standard method for Fusarium graminearum severity. FgramSev Estimation PnegleDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. 1-5 scoring scale Flour Gluten content FLRGluCon Content of wet gluten in flour. Flour gluten content Stem outer diameter. Stem StmDia Diameter Stem diameter Flour Glutenin Glu-A1 composition High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a1. GluA1 Glutenin Glu-A1 composition The weight of the grain taken per tiller. TllrGW Measurement variable_of Anthesis time Anthesis time Anthesis or flowering time is the period during which a flower is fully open and functional. pollination and fertilization occur during this period. Plant Ant Whole meal flour Whole meal flour color WMFlrCol Color The whole meal flour color. spikelet/spike Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/R550. Leaf R750/R550 Measurement Fusarium head blight DON content FHBDON Content of deoxynivalenol or don (vomitoxin) that is often associated with fhb (fusarium spp.) infected grains. Fusarium head blight DON content Grain Plant Seed gall nematode damage SGNDmg Seed gall nematode damage The wheat seed-gall nematode damage caused by Anguina tritici. WormDmg Estimation Standard method for worm damage. Gstarch Grain Starch content Content of starch (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain starch content Lodging incidence Indicates incidence of lodged plants. Lodg Plant Lodging incidence Specific leaf area Specific leaf area A ratio of the leaf area to dry mass. SLA Leaf LeafThk Measurement Standard method for leaf thickness. Laboratory seed test for germination should be carried out before seeding to calculate seeding rates or determine the status of storage seed. The percentage of seeds capable of producing normal seedlings under ordinarily favorable conditions (not including seeds which produce weak, malformed, or obviously abnormal sprouts), determined by methods ISTA seed testing protocols. Germ Measurement Plant The plant damage caused by insects. Insect damage Insect damage InsectDmg AlvW Dough strength by alveograph. W value is the area under the curve. it is a combination of dough strength (p value) and extensibility (l value). Dough Alveograph value W Dough alveograph value W Severity of leaf/stem/stripe rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Modified cobb scale for severity kg/ha GScreen Measurement Measured as weight by percentage of all matter passing through a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with NIRs. StmWSC NIR Measurement Plant Fusarium leaf blotch severity Fusarium leaf blotch severity Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) severity in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). FnivLBSev FolDis Foliar disease development Leaf Foliar disease development The plant damage caused by foliar diseases. HavenDmg Cyst nematode damage Root The wheat cyst nematode damage caused by cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae. Cyst nematode damage GApp Grain appearance Appearance Appearance of a single grain. Grain Standard method for grain amylopectin content. GAmyloPec Measurement g RepP Computation Calculated as time between double ridge (approx. DS14) and anthesis (DS65) as percentage of crop cycle duration. Karnal bunt incidence Karnal bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia indica (syn. Neovossia indica). Karnal bunt incidence Spike TindiInc FgramResp Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum response. 1-3 GRNCOL scale 1-5 DMG scale 0-5 incidence scale L value is the extensibility of the dough before the bubble breaks. it is indicated by the length of the curve. AlvL Dough Dough alveograph value L Alveograph value L GlmGlau Estimation Standard method for glume glaucousness. TanSpotInc Estimation Standard method for tan spot incidence in adult plants. Image Analysis Screen Count1 Standard method for screening grain size distribution >2.8 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R)machine. index The plant damage caused by birds. Bird damage BirdDmg Plant Bird damage Barley leaf rust incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Leaf Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection PhordCI Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.5 mm - 2.2 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass3 FoxiWilt Estimation Standard method for Fusarium wilt incidence. Observe the tendency of grain to sprout when in the spike and rate the tolerance. SproutTol Estimation Standard method for flag leaf lamina length. FLeafLLng Measurement FHBSpkWt Computation Relative spike weight is calculated by dividing spike weight (at maturity) from infected by the non-infected. Spike Sterility Spike sterility observed as infertile florets. Spike sterility index SpkSterility Lodg Estimation Estimate of the area lodged in the sampled plot. µm Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.2 ? 2.0 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count4 DRidge Double ridge time Plant Double ridge time is just when apex changes from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. Double ridge time FrostDmg Frost damage Frost damage Plant damage caused by frost. Plant Leaf Sheath Coefficient = Leaf Sheath DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf sheath is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. LeafSPI Computation 1-5 GRNCOL scale 1-8 generic disease field response scale Standard method for yield factor GYFac Computation AlTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a soil presenting aluminum toxicity and rate the tolerance. Grain weight Weight GW Grain Grain weight usually expressed as weight of single, one hundred, two hundred or thousand grains. Standard method for spectral reflectance. LeafPSSRa Measurement AwnLng Measurement Standard method for awn length. Standard method for grain zinc content. GZinc Measurement TanSpotSdlgResp Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot seedling response Seedling Tan spot seedling response Record date of double ridge stage (DS14-15 approx.). Double ridge signifies that the plant?s main growing point will produce no more primordial leaves, and instead will produce primordial spikelets of the young spike. The dissection and observation of the main tiller apex on an optic magnifier is required. DR date Estimation Flour High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d1. GluD1 Glutenin Glu-D1 composition Glutenin Glu-D1 composition plant/m2 Grain Retention proportion GReten Grain retention Proportion of big grain remaining above the sieve. NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement UtritInc Estimation Standard method for loose smut incidence. Standard method for grain plumpness. GPlump Estimation TTIB Plant Thermal Time from emergence to Initiation of Booting (GS41). Booting initiation thermal time Initiation of Booting thermal time Glume Glume length Length of glume. Length GlmLng Chl Measurement The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ?chlorophyll concentration index? (CCI, ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on the flag leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles. Grain Yellow berry incidence GYellBer Grain yellow berry incidence Refers to grains showing chalky or starchy endosperm areas. Use formulae to calculate grain yield in g/m2 GY Computation Surface of whole grain. Grain Grain surface area GsurfA Surface area Number of days from sowing to terminal spikelet (DS25-30 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. TSpl DT Computation mmol/m2/s Score the damage caused by hail. HailDmg Estimation Mat Maturity time Plant Maturity time starts at hard dough stage (ds87) often called physiological maturity. Maturity time Take-all incidence in the plants caused by the agent Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt). Plant Take all incidence GgtriInc Take all incidence Flour yield Proportion of flour recovered during milling. FlrYld Yield Flour Wheat blast severity in the spikes caused by the agent Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: It can infect all above-ground parts of the wheat plant, but head blast, resembling Fusarium head blight in appearance, is the most common symptom in the field. Infected spikes become bleached and produce small shriveled seed or none at all. Wheat blast severity Wheat blast severity MgrisSev Spike SrolfResp Estimation Standard method for southern blight response. LeafTR Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. mm VgP Computation Calculated as time between emergence (DS10) and first node detectable (DS31) as percentage of crop cycle duration. PhotopResp Estimation Observe the tendency of flowering according day-length Leaf Lamina Coefficient = Lamina DM measured at7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf lamina is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. LeafPI Computation GNUp Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain Nitrogen uptake Grain Nitrogen uptake SepSpResp Septoria blotch plant response Septoria blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Leaf Septoria blotch plant response Photochemical reflectance index Canopy photochemical reflectance index Canopy Photochemical reflectance index is correlated with the de-epoxidation stage of the xanthophylls cycle, with zeaxanthin, and with radiation-use efficiency (filella et al., 1996). higher pri values indicate greater efficiency. PRI Grain TestWt Test weight Test weight or specific weight is the weight of a fixed volume of clean grains. Grain test weight BMNUpE Nitrogen uptake efficiency N-uptake efficiency as the total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground plant at harvest in relation to the available Nitrogen in soil. Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency Plant Dough Mixograph mixing time Time required for the dough development from beginning of mixing flour and water to the dough reaches maximum consistency (peak). Mixograph mixing time MixTim Dough Plant Aphid damage The plant damage caused by various species of aphids. Aphid damage AphDmg StmStrength Estimation Standard method for stem strength. Incidence of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Rolling incidence Leaf rolling incidence LRollInc Leaf BirdDmg Estimation Standard method for bird damage. s Grain Grain Zinc content Zinc content Content of zinc in grain. GZinc Count the total number of grains per tiller. GrnTllr Computation Nitrogen utilization efficiency as the grain dry mass in relation to the total amount of Nitrogen in above-ground plant at harvest. Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency Grain Nitrogen utilization efficiency NutE Grain FHBAUDPC Computation Calculate area under disease progress curve. Calculated with final biomass obtained /days to maturity. BMPR Computation CookSdF Measurement Standard method for cookie spread factor. Standard method for Septoria nodorum blotch incidence SnodoInc Estimation Plant Plant tolerance to lower temperatures than the optimum. ColdTol Cold tolerance Cold tolerance Peduncle Neck break NeckBreak Observation of spike break from the base of head. Peduncle neck break Plant Plant damage caused by hail. Hail damage HailDmg Hail damage Number of days required from sowing to physiological maturity (approx. DS87). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Mat DS87 DT Computation Glume pubescence density GlmPubDen Pubescence density Glume Glume hairiness density on outer side of sterile glume. Plant Heat tolerance Heat tolerance Plant tolerance to heat conditions. HeatTol Spot blotch incidence Leaf Spot blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (helminthosporium sativum). Spot blotch incidence HsatiLInc Pratylenchus neglectus damage Root The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus. PnegleDmg Pratylenchus neglectus damage WKill Estimation Observe winterkill of plants per plot and rate it. Simple ratio A vegetation index related with canopy structure, light absorption and photosynthetic capacity. Canopy simple ratio Canopy SR 1-5 RELTPH scale MIXOGRAPH determination AACC 54-40 A 1. A sample of 35 grams of flour on a 14 percent moisture basis is weighed and placed in a mixograph bowl, 2. Water is added to the flour from a buret and the bowl is inserted into the mixograph, 3. The flour and water are mixed together to form a dough, 4. As the dough is mixed, the mixograph records a curve on graph paper. Winter kill damage WKill Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Winter kill damage Plant Septoria tritici blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. StritInc Septoria tritici blotch incidence Plant Septoria tritici blotch incidence Plant Growth habit Plant growth habit The growth habit of the plant whether erect/semi-erect/semi-spreading/spreading/prostrate. GrwHabit Standard method for awn presence estimation. Awns Presence SGNDmg Estimation Distorted leaves and stems are evident prior to heading. As diseased plants approach maturity, galls are formed in the florets, replacing the kernels. The galls are similar in shape to the seed they replace and are dark brown in color. Large numbers of motile larvae are present within the galls and become active after the galls have been moistened. These nematodes can act as vectors of Clavibacter tritici. kg/plot BM NIRS Computation Calculated as sum of straw Nitrogen content and grain Nitrogen content according to the biomass partition into straw and grain. 1-9 SPKDEN scale Seedling Stripe rust seedling response Stripe rust seedling response PstriSdlgResp Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the seedlings caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Color Awn color. Awn color AwnCol Awn Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. RUE Computation The method was improved by using two digits, representing the vertical disease progress and an estimate of severity. The first digit gives the relative height of the disease using the original 0-9 Saari-Prescott scale as a measure. The second digit shows the disease severity as a percentage but in terms of 0-9. Because it is difficult to evaluate diseases on dead leaves, disease notes should be taken when at least four leaves are still alive and green (soft to mid-dough growth stage). Then visually evaluate the average percentage severity on only those leaves of the uppermost four that are infected. In practice, the percent severity is estimated on an overall score. The following format is used for scoring severity: 10% coverage = 1, 20% coverage = 2, 30% coverage = 3, 40% coverage = 4, 50% coverage = 5, 60% coverage = 6, 70% coverage = 7, 80% coverage = 8, 90% coverage = 9. The score of 10 is not used. Double digit Estimation FvLA Measurement Variable fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light. Leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis Asat Leaf Light-saturated net photosynthesis PhiCO2 Leaf quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Leaf Quantum yield of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation. Quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Water index use reflectance at 970 nm as a wavelength sensitive to water content, while reflectance at 900 nm is taken as a reference which is similarly affected by canopy and leaf structures but with null absorption by water. Water index WI Canopy water index Canopy Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Standard method for glume pubescence length. GlmPubLng Measurement AcdTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a low pH (acid) soil field and rate the tolerance. spikelet Standard spike dry weight method. SpkDW Computation HavenDmg Estimation Cereal cyst nematodes are more readily detected on seedlings than on adult plants. The roots of infested plants develop frequent branches and swellings (cysts). Septoria nodorum blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Stagonospora nodorum (syn. Septoria glume blotch) (Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude (syn. Stagonospora nodorum). Septoria nodorum blotch incidence SnodoInc Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Plant Leaf maximal fluorescence intensity FmDL Maximal fluorescence intensity Maximal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Leaf Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia laevis (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). Tilletia laevis bunt incidence Tilletia laevis bunt incidence Spike TlaevInc Standard method for leaf rust response. PrecoResp Estimation AnthExt Estimation Standard method for anther extrusion. Standard method for barley stripe mosaic virus incidence. BSMV Estimation Fs Leaf Leaf steady-state fluorescence The fluorescence emitting during steady state. Steady-state fluorescence Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FoDA Measurement Quantum yield of photosystem II PhiPS2 Quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII. Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II Leaf TTIB Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until initiation of booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Powdery mildew incidence EgramInc Powdery mildew incidence Leaf Powdery mildew incidence in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Take measurements at least two times from full ground cover to the end of booting (pre-heading), and at least two times from the end of anthesis to late grainfilling (grain-filling) -with 5-7 days between each measurement to give a reasonably heritable estimate of trait expression. CT Measurement ColeopLng Measurement Standard method for coleoptile length. Standard method for stem solidness. StmSol Estimation Calculated as grain yield per unit of Nitrogen taken up. Nute Computation Standard method for wheat blast severity. MgrisSev Estimation Leaf Lamina partitioning index LeafPI Leaf lamina partitioning index Leaf lamina partitioning index. Sampling for water soluble carbohydrate is often combined with in-season biomass sampling and partitioning. Ensure to plan sampling approach carefully to allow for maximal data collection/economy of sampling (e.g., data on partitioning weights can be collected on the same 20 culm sample). The leaf lamina and/or leaf sheath may also be analyzed for WSC separately, or not removed from the stem for ?whole stem? analysis. Lab analysis is performed by NIR or wet chemical method. StmWSC Measurement Plant First node detectable time is when the stem starts the elongation or jointing period, first node becomes visible as it appears above the soil surface. FND First node detectable time First node detectable time Standard method for suni pest damage. SuPDmg Estimation PlntStnd Computation Calculate number of plant per area. Number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per unit area, sample or plant. Tiller number Tiller TN Tiller number BM Plant All above-ground biomass at maturity. Aboveground biomass at maturity Aboveground biomass at maturity Standard method for Septoria species response. SepSpResp Estimation The number of infertile spikelets (i.e., those NOT containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. InfertSpkN Counting 1-5 GHABIT scale Septoria blotch incidence SepSPInc Leaf Septoria blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Septoria blotch incidence FND DS31 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to first node detectable. However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Boot DS39 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to initiation of booting (DS39-DS41). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. StritResp Septoria tritici blotch plant response Septoria tritici blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Septoria tritici blotch plant response Plant GrwStg Zadoks Estimation Observe the growth stage or development stage (DS) of wheat plants using the Zadoks scale decimal code, based on 10 major stages, with each stage divided into sub-stages. 1-3 STMSOL scale 1-3 SIZE scale Grain screenings Proportion of small grain passing through a sieve. Screenings proportion GScreen Grain Leaf spectral reflectance 750/700 nm The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R700 nm wavelength. Leaf LeafR750R700 Spectral reflectance Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat GrwCls Estimation 0-4 PRECO scale 0-9 DAMAGE scale FvLA Variable fluorescence measured in the leaf. Leaf variable fluorescence Variable fluorescence Leaf Rapid spike growth period Canopy Rapid spike growth period. Grain Filling duration RSpkGP Seedling rust field response Estimation Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. joules Spread factor The ratio between average height and width of cookies. Cookie spread factor CookSdF Cookie Grain GSize Grain size. Size Grain size Plant BTol Boron tolerance Plant tolerance to high levels of soil boron. Boron tolerance StrawCol Estimation Standard method for straw color. µmol CO2/m2/s HesFlyDmg Plant The plant damage caused by hessian fly, Maytiola destructor. Hessian fly damage Hessian fly damage Anther extrusion Extrusion of anthers. Anther extrusion AnthExt Anther NIR calibrated NIRS Starch Measurement Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the grain at harvest. GNUp Computation Length of stem. Stem length Length Stem StmLng Straw Strength Straw strength StrawStn Strength of straw. PH Measurement Measure the length of individual culms from soil surface to the tip of the spike (do not include awn) and record to the nearest centimeter. (Average of 4-10 plants/culms per plot). SplN Counting Both the total number of spikelets and the number of fertile spikelets (i.e., those containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. When sampling large numbers of samples or plots, time may be saved by randomly counting one side of the spike and multiplying by two. GlmCol Estimation Standard method for glume color. Record date of heading (DS55) when 50% of the spike is emerged (i.e., middle of the spike at the flag leaf ligule) on 50% of all stems. Hd DS55 date Estimation Russian wheat aphid damage The plant damage caused by Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxis. Russian wheat aphid damage DnoxiDmg Plant 1-3 HRDCLS scale It is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies and defined as the leaf area per unit ground surface area. Leaf area index Leaf area index LAI Plant Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.0 ? 1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count5 Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole above ground straw. Nitrogen uptake Straw Nitrogen uptake Straw STRNUp 0-5 Septoria Response scale Variable fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FvDA Measurement Canopy Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Canopy green normalized difference vegetation index GNDVI Normalized difference vegetation index LeafPubLng Measurement Standard method for leaf pubescence length. Standard method for Fusarium leaf blotch incidence. FnivLBInc Estimation 1-5 TANSPOT field response scale GFP pct Computation Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. BMNUE Computation Calculated as the above ground biomass divided by the total soil Nitrogen. SepSPInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria species incidence. Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. GW Measurement Standard method for root disease development. RootDis Estimation degree C PstriSpkSev Estimation Severity of rust in spike is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until terminal spikelet(thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTTS Computation Barley scald severity Plant Barley scald severity RsecaSev Barley scald severity in the plants caused by the agent Rhynchosporium secalis. SpkTyp Estimation Standard method for spike type. Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FmDA Measurement FHBGInc Estimation Standard method for FHB grain incidence. Notes taken in the field. Note Estimation Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. PrecoInc Leaf rust incidence Leaf rust incidence Leaf 1-6 Phenological relative scale 1-6 MIXTYP scale DroughtTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under droughted condition and rate the tolerance. Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Grain filling period Grain filling period GFP Plant Rate using a scale from 0 (0% senescence) to 10 (100% senescence) using the guide, in increments of 10%. FLeafSen Estimation Terminal spikelet time Plant Terminal spikelet time is when the last spikelet, the terminal spikelet, has been produced. Terminal spikelet time TSpl g/m2 RLNDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. Leaf sheath partitioning index Leaf Sheath partitioning index Leaf sheath partitioning index. LeafSPI FLRGluCon Measurement 1. A 10-gram sample of flour or ground wheat is weighed and placed into the glutomatic washing chamber on top of the polyester screen, 2. The sample is mixed and washed with a 2 percent salt solution for 5 minutes, 3. The wet gluten is removed from the washing chamber, placed in the centrifuge holder, and centrifuged, 4. The residue retained on top of the screen and through the screen is weighed. Image Analysis Screen Mass4 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.2 mm - 2.0 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. It can be easily and non-destructively measured during grain-filling (i.e., before physiological maturity) by counting in a given area or length of row. SN Measurement Measurement of the light intercepted by the canopy using a ceptometer as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. LI Computation Standard method for karnal bunt incidence. TindiInc Estimation AtritResp Leaf Alternaria leaf blight response in the plants caused by the agent Alternaria triticina. Alternaria leaf blight plant response Alternaria leaf blight plant response Phase period where the spike growth the most regarding the whole crop cycle and can be calculated as (anthesis date-initiation of booting date)/days to maturity *100. RSpkGP Computation TTTS Terminal spikelet thermal time Plant Thermal Time from emergence to Terminal Spikelet (GS30). Terminal spikelet thermal time Asat Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.8 mm - 2.5 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass2 Canopy stay green Ability of the plant to remain/maintain green leaves, stems and spikes at the time of senescing. StayGreen Canopy Stay green NHI Computation Calculated as total grain Nitrogen divided by the total biomass Nitrogen. 1-9 incidence scale Stomatal conductance Leaf Rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide through the stomata. Leaf stomatal conductance StomaCond 1-3 GLMCOL scale Partitioning index Spike partitioning index Spike partitioning index. SpkPI Spike FlrYellCls Measurement 15).]]> Peduncle glaucousness Glaucousness Glaucousness in peduncle. PedGlau Peduncle RcereInc Estimation Main shoots are assessed for sharp eyespot disease. Stripe rust notes Stripe rust notes Leaf Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriNote A small sample of flour or ground wheat (1.0 grams) is weighed and placed in 25-milliliter glass-stoppered graduated cylinder. This is mixed with different solutions for some minutes and then rested. Finally, the volume of the sediment is recorded after 21 minutes. SDS-sedimentation determination StrawBreak Straw Amount of straw breakage. Breakage Straw breakage HelSpSev The disease severity in the plants caused by the agent Helminthosporium species. Plant Helminthosporium species severity Helminthosporium species severity HerbicideDmg Estimation Standard method for herbicide damage. Canopy normalized water index 2 Normalized water index 2 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Canopy Normalized water index 2 NWI2 g/l PhiCO2 Measurement Standard method for gas exchange measurement. 1-5 Phenological relative scale TllrCapacity An tillering capacity. Plant Tillering capacity Tillering capacity Standard method for peduncle glaucousness. PedGlau Estimation SedIdx Measurement Standard method for sedimentation index. Nitrogen content STRNitr Straw Straw Nitrogen content Nitrogen content of the above ground straw biomass. SpkDis Estimation Standard method for spike disease development. Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. SpkGW Measurement Plant tolerance to drought conditions. DroughtTol Plant Drought tolerance Drought tolerance 1-9 PHOTORESP scale TSpl date Estimation Record date of terminal spikelet stage (DS25-30 approx.). It is estimated as the date at which the final spikelet can be observed on the forming spike within the stem of the main culm, typically measured on around 3-5 plants per plot. It required a main tiller dissection and an observation of the apex on an optic magnifier. GN Computation Grain number (GNO) as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. GNO determines the sink size of the crop and under many conditions it is strongly correlated with yield. Grains/m2 (GNO) = yield (g/m2) / TGW (g) × 1000. The final outcome of the floret developmental rates (determining the number of floret primordia that reach the stage of fertile florets at anthesis) and the proportion of grain set per fertile floret (the opposite to grain abortion), per unit of spike weight. Spike FE Fruiting efficiency Fruiting efficiency True Stem Coefficient = True stem DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of true stem is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. TSPI Computation HsatiLInc Estimation Standard method for Spot blotch incidence. mm2 GlmPubDen Estimation Standard method for glume pubescence density. GgtriInc Estimation Standard method for take all incidence. Content of iron in grain. Grain Iron content Iron content GIron Grain PgramCI Plant Stem rust coefficient of infection Stem rust coefficient of infection Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. 1-9 TOL scale Awns Estimation Standard method for awnedness. StdEst Estimation Standard method for standard establishment. Net blotch severity HtereSev Net blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (Helminthosporium teres). Leaf Net blotch severity Stem Stem water soluble carbohydrate StmWSC Water soluble carbohydrates accumulate up to and around anthesis and are partitioned to the stem, from where they are later available as a reservoir for remobilization to the developing grains. These reserves are an important source of carbon for grain filling. Water soluble carbohydrate content SemoYellPig Measurement Standard method for semolina yellow pigment. Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the MCNEAL scale. Field response McNEAL Estimation Dough alveograph value P AlvP Dough Alveograph value P P value is the force required to blow the bubble of dough. it is indicated by the maximum height of the curve. FrostDmg Estimation Score the damage caused by frost per plot. Record booting stage (DS45) when 50% of culms present boot swollen. Boot DS45 date Estimation Standard method for crop growth rate. CropGrwRate Computation Leaf spectral reflectance 550 nm Spectral reflectance LeafR550 The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R550 nm wavelength. Leaf AwnLng Awn Awn length. Awn length Length Standard method for seed vitreousness. GVtr Estimation Powdery mildew severity Powdery mildew severity in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Powdery mildew severity EgramSev Leaf Standard method for crumb structure. CrmStr Estimation tiller/plant Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B. Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B spike/m2 GThk Grain thickness Grain Thickness Thickness of whole grain. Standard method for straw yield. StrawYld Estimation Common root rot incidence Common root rot incidence RootRot Common root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agents Cochliobolus sativus, fusarium spp., and Pythium species. Plant g/MJ Stem True stem partitioning index. True stem partitioning index TSPI True stem partitioning index Flag leaf Flag leaf senescence FLeafSen Flag leaf senescence. Senescence Standard method for fluorescence measurement. PhiPS2 Measurement Grain Grain carbon isotope discrimination at maturity from drought trials provides genotypic effects most likely to be related to transpiration rate or an integrative measurement of stomatal conductance. Carbon isotope discrimination Grain carbon isotope discrimination GCID µmol CO2/mol Plant Septoria tritici blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Septoria tritici blotch severity Septoria tritici blotch severity StritSev LofVol Measurement Standard method for loaf volume. Booting time is just prior to spike emergence, when the flag leaf sheath encloses the growing spike. Booting time Booting time Plant Boot Glutenin Glu-B3 composition Glutenin Glu-B3 composition Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b3. GluB3 Flour PedLng Measurement Standard method for peduncle length. Mat DS87 date Estimation Record date of physiological maturity (approx. DS87). It is estimated as when the grain reaches the maximum dry weight and the grain becomes viable. It is most easily determined in-field when 50% of the peduncles are ripe (i.e., yellow). Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust notes Leaf PrecoNote Leaf rust notes Glaucousness Glaucousness in glume. Glume GlmGlau Glume glaucousness Standard method for whole meal flour falling number. WMFlrFN Measurement b value TTM Physiological maturity thermal time Physiological maturity thermal time Plant Thermal Time from emergence to Physiological Maturity (GS87). Light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Leaf light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Leaf Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light and CO2. Amax StmWallThk Measurement Standard method for stem wall thickness. Calculated as above ground biomass Nitrogen content divided by soil Nitrogen NupE Computation method_of Grain GHrd Hardness Grain hardness is used as a grading factor to determine the type of wheat. It is a key determinant for classification of wheat and end product quality. Grain hardness num Threshability (ease to thresh) is a score where several spike-related traits such as rachis fragility (brittle or non-brittle rachis) and glume tenacity (hulled or free-threshing). Spike Threshability Spike threshability Threshblty Fusarium head blight AUDPC FHBAUDPC Spike Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight AUDPC spike/m LeafGlau Glaucousness in leaf. Glaucousness Leaf Leaf glaucousness 1-9 STRAWBREAK scale ArmyWDmg Estimation Standard method for armyworm damage. Fs Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Standard method for whole grain thickness. GThk Measurement 1-5 Septoria response scale BlkPtInc Black point incidence Grain Black point incidence Black point incidence in the plants caused by the fungal species such as Helminthosporium sativum (Cochliobolus sativus), Alternaria alternata and fusarium spp. also black point symptoms are associated to physiological disorders. CT Canopy temperature Canopy The surface temperature of the canopy is related to the amount of transpiration resulting in evaporative cooling. Temperature FlrSDS Flour Testing of refined flour quality by sds-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. SDS sedimentation volume Flour SDS sedimentation Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a dark adapted leaf. FvDAFmLA measurement SBMVInc Estimation Standard method for soil borne mosaic virus incidence. Leaf R550 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R550. Spike Number of infertile spikelet per spike. InfertSpkN Number Infertile spike number Rarsa is an estimation of chlorophyll a content. Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a Canopy RARSa Wsurv Estimation Standard method for winter survival. Standard method for spectral reflectance. LeafPSSRb Measurement RootDis Root disease development The plant damage caused by root diseases. Root disease development Root SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis (1BL1RS) Detect in the SDS-PAGE gel the presence of some protein bands from rye chromosome translocation. 0-5 FHB field response scale Width of flag leaf lamina. Flag leaf lamina width Width FLeafLWid Flag leaf lamina Peduncle length Length PedLng Peduncle Length of peduncle. 0-9 AnthExt Falling number Indication of the amount of sprout damage that has occurred within a wheat sample. falling number value of 350 seconds or longer indicates a low enzyme activity and very sound wheat quality. as the amount of enzyme activity increases, the falling number decreases. Values below 200 seconds indicate high levels of enzyme activity. WMFlrFN Whole meal flour Whole meal flour falling number Image Analysis Screen Mass5 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.0 mm - 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. a value Standard method for leaf rolling severity. LRollSev Estimation GWid Measurement Standard method for whole grain width. 1-9 scoring scale Plant stand Plant Stand PlntStnd Plant population or plant density. 1-5 GLUTYP scale STR NIRS Measurement Straw NIR calibrated. Number of days from sowing to double ridge (DS14-15 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. DR DT Computation Spike Grain weight Grain weight per spike. SpkGW Grain weight per spike Barley stripe mosaic incidence in the plants caused by barley stripe mosaic virus. Barley stripe mosaic incidence Barley stripe mosaic incidence BSMV Plant Plant Early vigour ErlVig Plant early vigour Capacity of a seedling or plant to grow vegetatively in early stages of development. 1. A 7-gram sample of ground wheat or flour is weighed and combined with 25 milliliter of distilled water in a glass falling number tube with a stirrer and shaken to form a slurry. When grinding a wheat sample to perform a falling number test, it should be at least 300 grams to assure a representative sample, 2. As the slurry is heated in a boiling water bath at 100° Centigrade and stirred constantly, the starch gelatinizes and forms a thick paste, 3. The time it takes the stirrer to drop through the paste is recorded as the falling number value. FlrFN Measurement Leaf hairiness density. Leaf Pubescence density Leaf pubescence density LeafPubDen g/degree C day LAI Computation LAI can be determined directly by taking a sample of canopy from a plant canopy, measuring the leaf area per sample plot with an area meter or image scanner and dividing it by the plot land surface area. Indirect methods use ceptometer to measure canopy geometry or light extinction and relate it to LAI. (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2). 1-5 TOL scale GlmWid Width of glume. Width Glume width Glume DnoxiDmg Estimation Standard method for russian wheat aphid damage. Shattering Spike shattering Observation of grains dehiscence from spike at maturity. Spike Shattering Standard method for insect damage. InsectDmg Estimation Anet Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Observe the growth habit of wheat plants during tillering stages and rate whether erect/semi-erect/prostrate/semi-spreading/spreading GrwHabit Estimation Calculated from yield components sampling. SN Computation BM Computation Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. FoLA Leaf Minimal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Minimal fluorescence intensity Leaf minimal fluorescence intensity FHBGInc Grain Fusarium head blight grain incidence Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight grain incidence The cellular structure of wheat bread crumb. Bread CrmStr Structure Bread crumb structure 1-4 HRDCLS scale Standard method for scoring tan spot response in seedlings. TanSpotSdlgResp Estimation Grain Grain moisture content Moisture content Moisture content of grain. GMoi TTH Heading thermal time Heading thermal time Plant Thermal Time from emergence to Heading (GS55). Zadoks or decimal code (00-99) Ratio of tenacity (p, maximum pressure required for the deformation of the sample) and extensibility (l, length of the curve) of dough. Dough Dough alveograph P/L Alveograph P/L AlvPL BM Measurement Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. 1-5 HRDCLS scale tiller/m CCI Canopy Normalized water index 4 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Normalized water index 4 NWI4 Canopy normalized water index 4 Standard method for flag leaf area. FLeafA Measurement Standard method for leaf rolling incidence. LRollInc Estimation Canopy normalized pheophytinization index NPQI Canopy Normalized pheophytinization index can be used to detect chlorophyll degradation. Normalized pheophytinization index Hd Heading time extends from the time of emergence of the tip of the spike from the flag leaf sheath to when the spike has completely emerged but has not yet started to flower. Heading time Plant Heading time GFR Computation Calculated daily grain weight increase between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration. Canopy RARSb Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Rarsb is an estimation of chlorophyll b content. Standard method for grain iron content. GIron Measurement Temperature depression Canopy Difference between ambient temperature and canopy temperature. CTD Canopy temperature depression LeafPubDen Estimation Standard method for leaf pubescence density. Forage dry matter. ForgDM Forage dry matter Forage dry matter Plant Standard method for common root rot incidence. RootRot Estimation PgramResp Stem rust plant response Stem rust plant response Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Plant WMFlrAsh Estimation Standard method for ash content in whole meal flour. Plant Aluminum tolerance Plant tolerance to aluminum. AlTol Aluminum tolerance 1-9 general scale g/plant HNecro Observation of hybrid necrosis. Plant hybrid necrosis incidence Plant Hybrid necrosis incidence Standard method for flag leaf lamina width. FLeafLWid Measurement Standard method for hessian fly damage. HesFlyDmg Estimation The amount of biomass produced per unit of intercepted solar radiation. Radiation use efficiency RUE_T Radiation Use Efficiency Canopy TTA Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until anthesis (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. SaltTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at the field presenting soil salinity and rate the tolerance. It is measured during rapid spike growth phase. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Then, CRG is the production of biomass per day between initiation of booting and seven days after anthesis. Calculated as (Biomass 7DAA/m2 - Biomass InB/m2)/Days from InB to 7DAA. CGR Computation Flour FlrCol Flour color Flour color. Color Image Analysis Screen Count2 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.8 ? 2.5 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Standard method for stem color. StmCol Estimation GPD Computation Calculated as the deviation from the yield-protein linear regression. WMFlrSDS Testing of whole-meal flour quality by SDS-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. Whole meal flour SDS sedimentation SDS-sedimentation volume Whole meal flour 1-5 density scale Alveograph extensibility index It is the extensibility index of the dough. (p200/p)*100, p200: pressure (p) at 4 cm (l= 40mm) of the curve. Dough alveograph extensibility index AlvIe Dough Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d3. Flour GluD3 Glutenin Glu-D3 composition Glutenin Glu-D3 composition GrnSpl Grain number per spikelet Number of grains per spikelet. Spikelet Grain number Leaf length Length of leaf. Leaf LeafLng Length Standard method for leaf glaucousness. LeafGlau Estimation Flour SDS sedimentation index Sedimentation index SedIdx Flour Is the result of dividing sedimentation volume by flour protein content. Aboveground biomass In-season In-season aboveground biomass Plant All above-ground biomass at any developmental stage and/or at regular intervals from the emergence to physiological maturity. ISBM Dough alveograph value G AlvG Dough Alveograph value G G stands for the square root of the volume of air in the bubble that was possible before the bubble burst. shows how flexible the dough was during the test. Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. ISBM Measurement Record date of first node detectable (DS31). It is easier to determine in the field than DS30. It is estimated in-field as the day at which the first node can be detected at approximately 1 cm above the tillering node. The observation is performed in the main tiller. FND DS31 date Estimation Boot DS45 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to booting stage (DS45). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Flour Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a3. GluA3 Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Ground cover Plant GrndCov Crop ground cover, or the percentage of soil surface covered by plant foliage. Crop ground cover Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Nitrogen content GNitr Grain Grain Nitrogen content HeatTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. GYFac Yield factor. Yield factor Grain yield factor Grain 1-3 GROWTHCLS scale kg/hl Record date of when 50% of seedlings have emerged (DS10). Emer DS10 date Estimation Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.5 ? 2.2 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count3 Chlorophyll content LeafPSSRb Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll b Leaf Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Standard method for Alternaria leaf blight field response. AtritResp Estimation GrwStg Plant Growth stage Growth stage Growth/developmental stages based on Zadoks decimal code. 1-3 FLRYELLCLS scale FHBSplInc Counting Standard method for FHB infected spikelets counting. Stay-green assessment is conducted through the growing season, starting with the onset of the senescence of the specific organ to be evaluated. StayGreen Estimation Grain yield Yield Grain Amount (weight) of grains that was harvested. GY g/day Grain Nitrogen Use Efficiency The grain dry mass (grain yield) production per Nitrogen available to a plant. Nitrogen use efficiency NUE Plant Eyespot plant response PherpResp Eye spot response in the plants caused by the fungal species Tapesia yallundae (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoide w-type) and Tapesia acuformis (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides r-type). Symptoms: the eye shape elliptical lesions forms on lower base of stem and lower leaf sheath. The eyespots are straw yellow in color from the middle and are surrounded by the greenish brown to dark brown rings. Eyespot plant response Standard method for stem diameter. StmDia Measurement Total protein content (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in refined flour. Flour protein content FlrProt Protein content Flour Standard method for content of deoxynivalenol or DON (vomitoxin) that is often associated with FHB (Fusarium spp.) infected grains. FHBDON Measurement GPhos Measurement Standard method for grain phosphorus content. Standard method for grain lysine content. GLys Measurement Leaf Barley leaf rust severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Barley leaf rust severity Barley leaf rust severity PhordSev CID determination Proceed following the protocol for sampling of grains or leaves for CID in Chapter 6 in Pask et al., 2012. Mass spectrometers generate differential values of stable carbon isotope composition (?13C), expressed negative values in parts per thousand (?) (Farquhar et al., 1989): ?13C (?) = [(Rsample/Rstandard)?1] × 1000. Where: the ratio of heavy to light isotope (R = 13C/12C) for the sample is in comparison to Peedee Belemnite (PDB) carbonate (limestone) standard. Following Farquhar et al. (1989) ? rather than using carbon isotope composition values (?13C), positive values for CID (?13C) can be calculated for easier statistical analysis as: ?13C = [(?a-?p)]/[1 + (?p/1000)] StomaCond Measurement Standard method for stomatal conductance. PherpResp Estimation Standard method for eye spot field response. The plant damage caused by suni pest (Eurygaster spp., sunn pest, suni bug). Suni pest damage SuPDmg Suni pest damage Plant 0-9 Mc Neal scale 1-3 GRNPLUMP scale Leaf R675 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R675. 0-9 GRNAPP scale infertile tiller/m Calculated from shoots sampled seven days after anthesis and SPI is expressed as a ratio and can be calculated as SPI= (dry weight of spikes at anthesis+7/dry weight of the whole plants (shoots) at anthesis+7). SpkPI Computation Record date of initiation of booting stage when 50% of the culms expected to produce spikes are between DS39 (Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible) and DS41 (Flag leaf sheath extending). Boot DS39 date Estimation StomaFrq Counting Standard method for stomatal frequency. SpkLng Measurement Measured in centimeters from the base of the spike to the tip excluding the awns (average of 6-10 random spikes in plot). Standard method for dwarf bunt incidence. TcontInc Estimation Content of amylopectin in grain. Grain GAmyloPec Amylopectin content Grain amylopectin content SplN Number Spikelet Spikelet number Number of spikelets per spike. StritResp Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch response. Calculated as difference between biomass and grain yield. StrawYield_Computation Sample as for spikelets per spike randomly select 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the spikelets, thresh, count grains, and calculate, or less accurately simply calculate from calculated grains per spike and measured spikelet number. GrnSpl Computation LeafR675 Leaf spectral reflectance 675 nm Spectral reflectance Leaf The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R675 nm wavelength. Standard method for spike shattering. Shattering Estimation 0-12 Modified Cobb Scale m ?mol/m2/s Light interception Canopy Canopy light interception LI Light energy intercepted by the canopy. Assessment of heading (DS55) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Hd DS55 relative Estimation Grain fill rate Grain fill rate Plant Grain weight increase per day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). GFR SpkSterility Computation Standard method for sterility index computation. Spike Fusarium graminearum incidence Fusarium graminearum incidence FgramInc Fusarium graminearum incidence in the plants. Standard method for whole grain length. GLng Measurement HNecro Estimation Some forms of spotting and necrosis result from chromosomal instability or genetic aberrations, these disorders are known as hybrid necrosis. Affected plants show differing degrees of necrosis, often associated with stunting or dwarf clumping. Hybrid necrosis usually is observed in early generation material, and affected progeny are eliminated Standard method for whole meal flour yellow pigment. WMFlrYellPig Measurement STRNUp Computation Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the straw at harvest. 1-3 STDEST scale NIR calibrated NIRS Fibre Measurement Plant AcdTol Acid soil tolerance Acid soil tolerance Plant tolerance to acid soil. grain/spike RachLng Measurement Standard method for rachis length. FgramInc Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum incidence. WtrLoggDmg Estimation Score the damage caused by waterlogging Standard method for tillering capacity. TllrCapacity Estimation Leaf area of flag leaf or all laminas is measured. Then the leaves are oven dried at 60-70oC for 48h and the dry weight is recorded. Then, the specific leaf area is calculated as the ratio of leaf area to dry mass SLA= leaf area/dry mass. SLA Measurement 1-6 SPKTYPE scale Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Ci Computation Hd DS55 days Computation Number of days required from sowing to spike emergence from the flag leaf (DS55). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Plant tolerance to soil salinity. Salinity tolerance Plant SaltTol Salinity tolerance RLNDmg Root Root lesion nematode damage Root lesion nematode damage The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. Mat DS87 relative Estimation Assessment of physiological maturity (approx. DS87) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. ETR Measurement Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. RUET Computation PlntStnd Counting Counting the number of plant per area or row. Leaf LeafThk Thickness Measurement of leaf thickness. Leaf thickness Yield production rate Grain yield production rate Grain Grain yield production rate. GYPR 0-5 percentage scale Standard method for node number. NodeN Counting 1-5 LRoll scale 1-4 PRECO scale Tilletia tritici incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TtritInc Estimation 1-5 incidence scale InfertTN Counting Count the number of infertile tillers. Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FmLA Measurement GY Measurement The weight of the grain harvested is registered on a scale, decide which method suit better for your objectives. In breeding trials, a sample area (rather than the whole plot) is generally used for estimating yield. Discard borders when combine harvest for a better estimation of yield.