CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TSD TSD_yyyymmdd TSpl_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StritSev_E_00to99 STRIT_00_99__SEV 25 20% plant height affected, 50% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TANSPOT_00_99__SEV TanSpotSev_E_00to99 Tillering, Main shoot and 7 Tillers 27 Seedling development , 9 or more leaves unfolded 19 SpkDis_E_1to5 SpkDis_N_T_S_M_V SPKDIS_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ErlVig_E_1to5 ERLVIG_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_pct__CI PgramCI_Calc_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT LeafR750R700_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_Calc_kgha ISBM_kg_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT NWI4_M_Idx NWI4_index CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla I immune (0), no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection CIMMYT GW100_g GW_M_g100grn Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Luzie U Wingen BMNUE_Calc_kgkgN JIC GApp_E_0to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNAPP_0_9 AWNS_0_1 Luzie U Wingen JIC Awns_E_0to1 GVtr_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEDVTR_1_3 AlvL_M_mm CIMMYT ALVL_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 90% coverage 9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GHrd_M_1to3 CIMMYT HRDCLS_1_3 00 no disease Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvPL_Calc_Idx CIMMYT ALVPL_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNYLD_g_pl GY_M_gPlnt PRECO_text CIMMYT PrecoNote_E_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLMLNG_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmLng_M_mm 8 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RUE_Calc_gMJ PV partly vitreous (PV) 5 CIMMYT VgP_calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla VEGPERIOD_pct 80% plant height affected, 20% coverage 82 FNDD CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FND_date_ymd FNDD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmCol_E_1to3 GLMCOL_1_3 LEAFTNECR _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafTNecro_E_pct CIMMYT SpkDW_Calc_gm2 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GWid_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla UTRIT_pct__INC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla UtritInc_E_pct 78 70% plant height affected, 80% coverage CIMMYT THRESHBLTY_1_9 Threshblty_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Luzie U Wingen JIC NupE_Calc_kgkgN Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PH_m PH_M_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EgramInc_E_0to5 EGRAM_0_5__INC AnthExt_E_0to9 CIMMYT Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Dough development, Very early dough (slides when crushed) 81 STMFRQ_num CIMMYT StomaFrq_Ct_stomamm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMFRQ stem softened with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem 8 RUET_Calc_gMJ Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRI_index CIMMYT PRI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriSdlgResp_E_0to8 CIMMYT PSTRI_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) MS-S 1 hollow StmWallThk_M_um CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMTHK_um StayGreen_E_1to5 STAYGREEN_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla awnletted (short) 3 6 60% coverage Clavate 4 FoDA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 60% plant height affected, 60% coverage 66 6 intermadiate to dense ISBM_g_plot ISBM_M_gPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPLSPK spikelets/spike SplN_Ct_SplSpk SPLSPK_num CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Chl_M_CCI CHL_CCI 3 medium fair (F) 3 FrostDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FrostDmg_N_T_S_M_V FROSTDMG_1_5__SPK R resistant (R), 1 to 8 % of infection Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RsecaSev_E_00to99 RSECA_00_99__SEV CIMMYT STMSTRENGTH_1_9 StmStrength_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLMGLAU_0_9 GlmGlau_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Asat_M_umolCO2m2s1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 white PSTRI_pct__SPKSEV CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriSpkSev_E_pct 30 30% (11.1% occupied by uredia) CRMSTR_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CrmStr_E_1to5 WMFLRYELPIG_ppm WMFlrYellPig_M_ppm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT LEAVESCID_delta Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafCID_M_delta13C NDVI_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NDVI_index 1 absent GFPTT_Calc_Cday Luzie U Wingen JIC GFILLPERIOD_thermal_time HI_index CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HI_Calc_Idx S soft (S, >55) InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm2 INFERTNO_tll_m2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BMPR_Calc_gm2day CIMMYT very high 8 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhordCI_Calc_pct PHORD_pct__CI 50 50 immune, no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection (0) I Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LRollInc_E_pct CIMMYT StritResp_E_0to5 STRIT_0_5__RESP CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 2 light-yellow (b HeatTol_E_1to5 HEATTTOL_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 50 50% (18.5% occupied by uredia) EgramInc_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EGRAM_pct__INC 4 80% coverage susceptible (S), pycnidial density greater than 40% S PnegleDmg_E_pct CIMMYT PNEGLE_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TKW CIMMYT TGW THOUWT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW_M_g1000grn TGW_g SepSpResp_E_0to5 SEPSP_0_5__RESP CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GNO_grains_m2 CIMMYT GM2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GN_Calc_Grnm2 GNO grains/m2 kernel/m2 KNO Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafPI_M_Idx HESFDMG _pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HesFlyDmg_E_pct Hd_date_ymd HEADDATE HEADD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HEADD NWI2_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT NWI2_M_Idx ANT DTA_days CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Ant_dto_day DAYSAN white (b<12.5) 1 FLRYLD FLRYD CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrYld_M_pct PgramResp_E_1to8 PGRAM_1_8__ADLTRESP CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafThk_M_um LEAFTHK_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 2 sparse 10% plant height affected, 80% coverage 18 PH_E_1to5 RELTPH_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 FOXYWIL _pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FoxiWilt_E_pct CIMMYT TTIB_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GThk_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BYD_0_9 BYDInc_E_0to9pct awned (conspicuous) 7 GYPR_Calc_gm2day Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla T1BL1RS_M_0to1 CIMMYT T1BL1RS_0_1 very lax 1 AphDmg_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla APHDMG_pct GrnSpl_Calc_GrnSpl GRNSPL GRNSPL_num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT grains/spikelet 0 no damage CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FrostDmg_E_0to9 FROSTDMGP_0_9 PlntStnd_Ct_PlntPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLNTSTND_pl_plot susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis S PherpResp_E_1to8 PHPRP_1_8__RESP CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_g_m2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_Calc_gm2 FHB_index__SPLINC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSplInc_Calc_Idx NBREAK_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NeckBreak_E_pct FlrCol_M_avalue CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRCOL_a_value Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FvLAFmLA_M_Idx STMDIA_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmDia_M_mm LeafPSSRa_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrProt_NIRS_pct FLRPROT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPKDEN_1_9 SpkDen_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GFILLPERIOD_days GFP_calc_day CIMMYT 0 No visible infection on plants Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WKILL_0_9 WKill_E_0to9 51 Heading, First spikelet of head visible 0 InsectDmg_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla INSECTDMG_1_5 CIMMYT InsectDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT WMFLRCOL_a_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrCol_M_avalue 6 very late (VL) JIC GRN_pct Luzie U Wingen GNitr_NIRS_pct 6 60% plants with broken straw SemoProt_Kjl_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEMOPROT _pct CIMMYT SemoCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEMOCOL_b_value AlvIe_Calc_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVIe_pct Seedling development , 8 leaves unfolded 18 I intermediate (M), pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis GSize_ScreenCount4_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT W/R white/red moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible MS 3 Black I immune Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HI_pct CIMMYT HI_Calc_pct MR moderately resistant (MR), 9 to 11 % of infection FGRAM_0_5__RESP CIMMYT FgramResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 15 10% plant height affected, 50% coverage FHBGInc_E_pct FHB_pct__GRNINC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STEMWSC_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmWSC_M_pct SEPSP_1_5__RESP SepSpResp_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount5_pct 30% coverage 3 RARSc_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RARSc_index CIMMYT FNIVLB_pct__INC CIMMYT FnivLBInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GPhos_M_mgkg GRNPHOS_mg_kg SBMV_0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SBMVInc_E_0to9pct GrndCov_M_pct GRNDCOV_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRECO_pct__CI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoCI_Calc_pct JIC BMNUtE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen CIMMYT GrwHabit_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GHABIT_1_5 Kernel and milk development, Kernel watery ripe (clear liquid) 71 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FvLA_M_Idx LeafR750R550_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TTTS_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla InfertSpkN_Ct_SplSpk CIMMYT TanSpotSdlgResp_E_0to5 TANSPOT_0_5__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLNTSTND_pl_m2 PlntStnd_Calc_Plntm2 9 >90% anther extrusion CIMMYT TllrCapacity_E_1to5 TllrCAPACITY_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrnIron_M_mgkg CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNIRON_mg_kg GLMPUBLNG_um CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmPubLng_M_um RLNDmg_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RLESDMG_pct 4 high CIMMYT HGRAM_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HgramInc_E_0to9pct PHOTORESPO_1_9 PhotopResp_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount6_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT highly tolerant 5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Emer_dto_day DTE_days CIMMYT DTE Days to emergence Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhiCO2_M_Idx CIMMYT CIMMYT ATRIT _1_8__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AtritResp_E_1to8 MR moderately resistant (MR), average pycnidial density coverage of 15-30% insensitive 0 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrCol_M_bvalue FLRCOL_b_value FHB_1_8__SPKRESP FHBSpkResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMRES_s_m StomaRes_M_sm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Tillering, Main shoot and 9 or more Tillers 89 Late hard dough (difficult to dent) 29 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMSOL_1_3 CIMMYT StmSol_E_1to3 6 fair to good (F-G) CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BOOTD BOOTDATE Boot_date_ymd BOOTD_yyyymmdd 40% plant height affected, 90% coverage 49 PhiPS2_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT resistant (R), average pycnidial density of 5-15% R JIC Luzie U Wingen BMNUP_Calc_kgha 2 very sparse to sparse nearly immune, no uredinia, but hypersensitive necrotic or chlorotic flecks present (,) , Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT NODENO _num NodeNO_Ct_node SR_M_Idx SR_index CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 30% plant height affected, 50% coverage 35 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_g_plot CIMMYT BM_M_gPlot LEAFLNG_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafLng_M_cm ColeopLng_M_cm COLEOPLNG _cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PstriSev_E_0to12 PSTRI_0_12__SEV CIMMYT FLRPROT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrProt_Kjl_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AWNLNG _cm AwnLng_M_cm Stem elongation or jointing, 2nd node detectable 32 HgramInc_E_pct HGRAM_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PgramSdlgResp_E_0to8 CIMMYT PGRAM_0_8__SEEDRESP Resistant (R) - Very light pycnidial formation. Some coalescing of lesions mainly toward the leaf tip and in older leaf tissue. R ALUTOL_1_9 AlTol_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CT_M_C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CT_C CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PlntStnd_Calc_Plntha PLNTSTND_pl_ha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHORD_0_12__SEV PhordSev_E_0to12 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ColdTol_E_1to5 COLDTOL_1_5 CIMMYT GY_M_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLOTGRNYLD_kg 3 intermediate CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_pct__CI PstriCI_Calc_pct BLSSev_E_00to99 BLS_00_99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AphDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT APHDMG_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNDCOV_pct__GS15 GrndCov_GS15_pct GSize_ScreenCount2_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT very low damage 2 BLBSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EDATE EMERD_yyyymmdd EMERDATE Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Emergence date Emer_date_ymd EMERD HELSP_00_99 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HelSpSev_E_00to99 Luzie U Wingen GFibre_NIRS_pct JIC GRNFibre_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTRIT _pct__INC TtritInc_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FolDis_E_1to5 FOLDIS_1_5 FoliarDis_N_T_S_M_V WMFlrCol_M_bvalue CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFLRCOL_b_value CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla COKSDF_index CookSdF_M_Idx NV not vitreous (NV) GLMWID_mm CIMMYT GlmWid_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 3 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 1/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened BSMV_0_9 CIMMYT BSMV_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SepSpSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEPSP_00_99__SEV CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_1_8__ADLTRESP PstriResp_E_1to8 absent 0 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RcereInc_E_0to9 RCERE_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PedLng_M_cm PEDLNG _cm TTH_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 6 ISBM_kg_plot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_M_kgPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLeafSen_E_pct FLEAFSEN_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC StrawYld_Calc_tha SIPI_index SIPI_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla red R tolerant 4 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GermiTest_pct Germ_M_pct GERM_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ATRITDMG _pct SGNDmg_E_pct CIMMYT hard (H, <45) H Wheat ontology Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RsecaSev_E_pct FROSTDMGP_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FrostDmg_E_pct GY_Calc_gm2 CIMMYT Yld_gm2 GY_gm2 GRNYLD_g_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Ripening, Seed dormant 95 LeafPSSRb_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT ISBM_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AcdTol_E_1to5 ACDTOL _1_5 WKILL_1_5 WKill_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PlntVig_E_1to5 PLNTVIG_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StrawCol_E_1to6 RodentDmg_E_pct RODDMG_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HAILDMG_0_9 HailDmg_E_0to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_Calc_gm2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_g_m2 SLA_M_m2kg1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHBDON_M_ppm FHB_ppm__DON CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLUA3_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluA3_M_text Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafR550_M_Idx 90% plant height affected, 90% coverage 99 PlntStnd_Ct_Plntm CIMMYT PLNTSTND_pl_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TindiInc_E_pct CIMMYT TINDI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HtereInc_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HTERE_pct__INC 4 GNUP_Calc_kgha JIC Luzie U Wingen MixTim_M_min MIXTIM_min CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 3 slight (S) acronym Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLUCON_pct FLRGluCon_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKill_E_pct WKILL_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RELTMT RELTMT_1_5 Mat_relat_1to5 GCol_M_bvalue CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNCOL_b_value ISBM_t_ha ISBM_Calc_tha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 96 90% plant height affected, 60% coverage CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TNO_tll_pl TN_Ct_TllrPlnt FROSTDMGP_1_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FrostDmg_E_1to9 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CiCa_M_Idx CIMMYT CIMMYT GCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNCOL_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TESTWT_kg_hl TestWt_M_kghl CIMMYT R Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis Stem elongation or jointing, 1st node detectable 31 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DNOXI_pct DnoxiDmg_E_pct CROPGRWRATE_g_m2_day CropGrwRate_Calc_gm2day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Ripening, Secondary dormancy 98 LODG_1_9 Lodg_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla YLDFAC_num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GYFac_Calc_num GSize_ScreenMass4_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT very good (VG) 3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha TllrGW_M_g IBD_yyyymmdd Boot_dateInit_ymd IBD CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TSpl_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DTTS_days DTTS 10 10% (3.7% occupied by uredia) JIC NutE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen Nitrogen utilisation efficiency 46 40% plant height affected, 60% coverage 40 40% (14.8% occupied by uredia) GRNHRD_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GHrd_M_pct 20% (7.4% occupied by uredia) 20 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HsatiLSev_E_00to99 HSATIL_00_99__SEV Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SpkPho_Textile_pct 3 low damage 40% coverage 2 RARSa_index RARSa_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount1_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 92 Ripening, Kernel hard (not dented by thumbnail) Ant_date_ymd ANTD_yyyymmdd ANTDATE ANTD CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 very good (VG) Luzie U Wingen AGBMNitr_M_pct JIC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ROOTDIS_1_5 RootDis_N_T_S_M_V RootDis_E_1to5 CIMMYT 2 moderately resistant, small to medium uredinia often surrounded by Chlorosis or necrosis, green island may be surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic border (2) REPPERIOD_days RepP_Calc_day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 20% coverage 1 very low 60% plant height affected, 20% coverage 62 very resistant (VR), average pycnidial density of 0-5% VR CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SawflyDmg_E_pct CPYGM_pct semi-soft (SS, 51-55) SS CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GCol_E_1to3 GRNCOL_1_3 85 Dough development, Soft dough (firm, thumbnail mark not held) CTD_C CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CTD_Calc_C Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones S CIMMYT BLKPT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BlkPtInc_E_pct Booting, Flag leaf sheath opening 47 WtrLoggDmg_E_0to9 H2ODMG _0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla sparse to intermediate 4 AVLG_mm CIMMYT AlvG_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMCOND_mmol_m2_s CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StomaCond_M_mmolm2s red to brown 2 resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules R DTIB_days CIMMYT DTIB Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Boot_dtoInit_day FND CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FND_dto_day DTFND_days DTFND 80% plant height affected, 90% coverage 89 LI_M_pct CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Flowering or anthesis, Start of flowering 61 FlrSDS_M_ml FLRSDS_ml CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HSATIL_pct__INC HsatiLInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUTYP_1_5 GluTyp_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_Calc_kgha BM_kg_ha CIMMYT WMFlrFN_M_s CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFLRFN_s SROLF_1_8 SrolfResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTM_days DAYSMT Mat_dto_day DTM MAT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GNDVI_M_Idx CIMMYT GNDVI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Booting, Boot just visibly swollen 43 26 Tillering, Main shoot and 6 Tillers CIMMYT PRECO_0_4__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoResp_E_0to4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_E_1to3 GRNSIZE_1_3 39 Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible Ripening, Kernel loosening in daytime 93 SpkTyp_E_1to6 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 40% plant height affected, 30% coverage 43 4 40% coverage GCol_M_avalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNCOL_a_value 28 20% plant height affected, 80% coverage Heading, ¼ of head emerged 53 DR DRidge_dto_day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTDR_days DTDR CIMMYT GLMPUBDEN _0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmPubDen_E_0to9 Oblong 3 very low 2 Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis MR CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhordInc_E_1to9 PHORD_1_9 MS medium strong (MS) Lodg_E_0to5pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LODG_0_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLys_M_pct Dough development, Early dough (elastic, dry and shiny) 83 resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) R-MR Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BM_kg_plot BM_M_kgPlot ArmyWDmg_E_pct ARMDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 yellow (b>15) 3 low LEAFPUBLNG _um LeafPubLng_M_um CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Luzie U Wingen STRNitr_NIRS_pct JIC CIMMYT GLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 30 30 CIMMYT RARSb_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RARSb_M_Idx 5 severe rolled leaf rim covers part of leaf blade 4 PedPubDen_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PEDPBD_0_9 CIMMYT TANSPOT_1_5__ADLTRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TanSpotResp_E_1to5 lax 3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EgramInc_E_1to5 EGRAM_1_5__INC White 1 very short (VS) VS FoLA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BirdDmg_N_T_S_M_V BirdDmg_E_1to5 BIRDDMG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSCREEN_pct GScreen_M_pct CIMMYT DRD CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DRidge_date_ymd DRD_yyyymmdd 7 high FHB_0_5__SPKRESP FHBSpkResp_E_0to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 9 CIMMYT WMFlrCol_M_Lvalue WMFLRCOL_L_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SNODO_pct__INC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SnodoInc_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SN_Calc_Spksm2 SNO_spk_m2 GLUB3_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluB3_M_text CIMMYT FLeafLWid_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Lodg_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LODG_pct Hd_relat_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RELTHD RELTHD_1_5 2 highly susceptible to susceptible PEDGLAU_0_9 PedGlau_E_0to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_M_gPlnt BM_g_pl CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GMoi_E_pct GRNH20_pct M moderate Stem elongation or jointing, 3rd node detectable 33 PrecoSev_E_0to12 PRECO_0_12__SEV CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 70% plant height affected, 50% coverage 75 1 10% anther extrusion Moderate 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HtereSev_E_pct late (L) L very resistant, small uredinia surrounded by necrosis (1) 1 CIMMYT NPQI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NPQI_M_Idx CIMMYT GCol_M_Lvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNCOL_L_value shrivelled (SH) 1 21 20% plant height affected, 10% coverage CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HRDCLS_1_4 GHrd_M_1to4 Ripening, Kernel hard (difficult to divide, 16% water) 91 PgramNote_E_text PGRAM_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla intermediate to high damage 6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUA1_text CIMMYT GluA1_M_text FE_Calc_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrCol_M_Lvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRCOL_L_value CIMMYT 2 very late (VL) VL HerbicideDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HERBDMG_1_5 HerbDmg_N_T_S_M_V 48 40% plant height affected, 80% coverage 41 Booting, Flag leaf sheath extending Germination, Leaf just at coleoptile tip 09 GZinc_M_mgkg GRNZINC_mg_kg CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 10% plant height affected, 10% coverage 11 SEDINDX_ml_pct SedIdx_M_mlpct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla UagroResp_E_1to8 UAGRO_1_8__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT S susceptible (S), large lesions, no necrosis or chlorosis CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSpkWt_Calc_pct FHB_pct__SPKW Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafTR_M_mmolH2Om2s1 4 dense 14 10% plant height affected, 40% coverage 50% anther extrusion 5 5 moderately susceptible intermediate damage 5 MIXTYP_1_6 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MixTyp_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LAI_index LAI_Calc_Idx CIMMYT LodgInc_N_T_S_M_V Lodg_E_1to5 LODG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TTM_calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FnivLBSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT FNIVLB_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AgrScr_E_1to5 AGRSCR_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ETR_M_?molm2s1 41 40% plant height affected, 10% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkGW_M_g CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT INSECTDMG_pct InsectDmg_E_pct YELBER_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GYellBer_M_pct StmLng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMLNG_cm LEAFPUBDEN_0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafPubDen_E_0to9 EgramInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EGRAM_1_9__INC Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SpkPI_Calc_Idx FLRFN _s CIMMYT FlrFN_M_s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BirdDmg_E_pct BIRDDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT highly susceptible 1 StmCol_E_1to6 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm INFERTNO_tll_m CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_0_9__RESP CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriResp_E_0to9 90% plant height affected, 40% coverage 94 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_pct__SPKINC FHBSpkInc_E_pct No breakage 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SuPDmg_E_1to5 SUPDMG _1_5 70% plant height affected, 60% coverage 76 SnailDmg_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SNAILDMG_pct R Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis GgtriInc_E_1to5 GGTRI_1_5_INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLUB1_text GluB1_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FGRAM_00_99__SEV FgramSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT ROOTROT_0_9 RootRot_E_0to9pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 7 70% coverage moderate 7 8 high to very high CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla COLDTOL_pct ColdTol_E_pct heterogeneous, random distribution of variable-sized uredinia on single leaf (X) X CIMMYT TSPI_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DROUGHTTOL_pct DroughtTol_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Boot_dto_day BOOT DTB DTB_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PrecoInc_E_1to9 PRECO_1_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Awns_E_0to9 AWNS_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AlvPG_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVPG_index CIMMYT StrawBreak_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkSterility_Calc_pct STERIND_pct 58 50% plant height affected, 80% coverage TN_Ct_Tllrm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TNO_tll_m CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AwnCol_E_1to6 unrolled, turgid 1 low to moderate 4 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_M_cm PH_cm 13 Seedling development , 3 leaves unfolded 90% plants with broken straw 9 5 very severe (V) I immune (I), 0 % of infection MS moderate susceptible FHB_num__SPLINC CIMMYT FHBSplInc_Ct_SplInfect Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RNDVI_index RNDVI_M_Idx MixTq_M_pctmin MIXTQ_pct_min CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVP_mm AlvP_M_mm 37 Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf just visible PthornDmg_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PTHORN_pct Luzie U Wingen GRSA_M_mm2 JIC GsurfA_M_mm2 6 intermediate to moderate HR Highly Resistant (HR) - No or only occasional isolated pycnidia formed, particularly in older leaf tissue, hypersensitive flecking in younger leaf tissue. Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FvDA_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FvDAFmDA_M_Idx Nitrogen use efficiency NUE_Calc_kgkgN JIC Luzie U Wingen CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MgrisSev_E_pct 2 Red GSize_ScreenMass1_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT One or more sharp eyespot lesions on lower sheaths but no symptoms on the stem 1 Lodg_E_0to9pct CIMMYT LODG_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoSdlgResp_E_0to8 CIMMYT PRECO_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RELTMT_1_6 RELTMT CIMMYT Mat_relat_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 44 40% plant height affected, 40% coverage large 3 lax to intermediate 4 GRNYLD_kg_ha GY_kgha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_Calc_kgha CIMMYT Yld_kgha 4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HRDCLS_1_5 GHrd_M_1to5 70 70% (25.9% occupied by uredia) 1 70% plant height affected, 70% coverage 77 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FgramInc_E_pct CIMMYT FGRAM_pct__INC LeafWid_M_mm LEAFWID_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AlvW_M_joules CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVW_joules GY_M_gPlot PLOTGRNYLD_g CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass5_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SNO_spk_m SN_M_Spksm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5% (1.85% occupied by uredia) 5 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTA_Calc_Cday CIMMYT 60% plant height affected, 50% coverage 65 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StdEst_E_1to3 SemoProt_NIRS_pct SEMOPROT _pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EgramSev_E_00to99 EGRAM_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LRollSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SproutTol_E_1to9 CIMMYT SPROUTTOL _1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSPK_num CIMMYT GrnSpk_Calc_GrnSpk Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla grains/spike GRNSPK CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SemoYellPig_M_ppm SEMOYELPIG_ppm CIMMYT PSTRI_pct__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriSev_E_pct VS very susceptible Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_t_ha CIMMYT BM_Calc_tha 60 60% (22.2% occupied by uredia) 23 Tillering, Main shoot and 3 Tillers Yld_tha GY_tha GRNYLD_t_ha GY_Calc_tha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SaltTol_E_1to9 CIMMYT SALTOL _1_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUD1_text GluD1_M_text WMFlrAsh_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Stem elongation or jointing, Pseudo stem erection 30 LEAFGLAU_1_5 LeafGlau_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AGRSCR_1_9 AgrScr_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 30% plant height affected, 80% coverage 38 99 Ripening, Secondary dormancy lost Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FmLA_M_Idx CIMMYT Shattering_E_pct SHATTERING_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderately tolerant 7 2 20% anther extrusion 70 70 8 very good (VG) HAVEN_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HavenDmg_E_pct StrawYld_E_tha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 Elliptical 25 Tillering, Main shoot and 5 Tillers CIMMYT Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AnthExt_E_pct 32 30% plant height affected, 20% coverage 1 none 1 TNO_tll_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TN_Ct_Tllrm2 CIMMYT Wsurv_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BTol_E_1to9 BORONTOL_1_9 80% plant height affected, 50% coverage 85 StmWSC_Atrone_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRECO_1_8__ADLTRESP PrecoResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTB_Calc_Cday CIMMYT 19 10% plant height affected, 90% coverage 100 100% (37% occupied by uredia) CIMMYT ForgDM_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TlaevInc_E_pct TLAEV_pct__INC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TCONT_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TcontInc_E_pct 3 strong one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 3/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 5 49 Booting, First awns visible JIC GFILLRATE_thermal_time Luzie U Wingen GFRTT_Calc_gCday winter W StrawStn_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla leaf has shape of a V 3 Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass3_pct GProt_Kjl_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNPROT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GAmyloPec_M_pct AGRSCR_0_9 AgrScr_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT low 3 69 60% plant height affected, 90% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PrecoSev_E_pct PRECO_pct__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT NWI3_index NWI3_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GCID_M_delta13C GRAINCID_delta CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GReten_M_pct GRNRETEN_pct JIC GStarch_NIRS_pct GRNStarch_pct Luzie U Wingen R/W red/white 64 60% plant height affected, 40% coverage FlrYellCls_M_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRYELLCLS_1_3 susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis S 4 poor to fair (P-F) tolerant 8 57 50% plant height affected, 70% coverage CIMMYT FHBAUDPC_Calc_pct FHB_pct__AUDPC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 SEPSP_pct__INC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SepSPInc_E_pct GRWSTG_00_99 GrwStg_Zdks_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DECODS CIMMYT WormDmg_E_pct WORMDMG_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 86 80% plant height affected, 60% coverage TilSpSpkInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TILSP_pct CIMMYT JIC Nitrogen harvest index Luzie U Wingen NHI_Calc_pct Heading, Emergence of head complete 59 CIMMYT STMSIZ _um StomaSiz_M_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 4 40% plants with broken straw 54 50% plant height affected, 40% coverage CIMMYT REPPERIOD_pct RepP_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 30% plant height affected, 60% coverage 36 intermediate 2 4 low to intermediate damage 5 very dense 2 20% coverage FmDA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 03 Germination, Imbibition complete I Intermediate (I) - Light pycnidial format ion. Coalescing of lesions normally noticeable towards the leaf tip and elsewhere on the leaf. HNECRO_0_1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HNecro_E_0to1 Hd_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTH_days DAYSHD DTH CIMMYT HEAD JIC Luzie U Wingen STRNUP_Calc_kgha GSize_ScreenCount3_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 53 50% plant height affected, 30% coverage RSOLA_0_9 RsolaInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HtereSev_E_00to99 HTERE_00_99__SEV 36 Stem elongation or jointing, 6th node detectable 10% plant height affected, 70% coverage 17 MR moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas CIMMYT YLDCHECK_pct GY_PctChk_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla intermediate 3 LeafR675_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 90% plant height affected, 80% coverage 98 early (E) E Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Fs_M_Idx CIMMYT FLeafLLng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 3 purple to black 40% plant height affected, 70% coverage 47 22 Tillering, Main shoot and 2 Tillers 8 moderate to high moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR PgramSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_pct__SEV early (E) 2 CIMMYT StmWSC_NIR_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TESTWT_g_l CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TestWt_M_gl 33 30% plant height affected, 30% coverage CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUD3_text GluD3_M_text GrwCls_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GROWTHCLS_1_3 CIMMYT VgP_calc_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT VEGPERIOD_days very low 1 91 90% plant height affected, 10% coverage CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI1_index NWI1_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Amax_M_umolCO2m2s2 2 very poor to poor (VP-P) 2 very low to low 73 Kernel and milk development, Early milk (liquid off -white) 7 dense poor to fair (P-F) 3 CIMMYT BLB_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BLBSev_E_00to99 attribute 10 10 90% plant height affected, 30% coverage 93 30% anther extrusion 3 good (G) 4 Booting, Boot swollen 45 Seedling development , 4 leaves unfolded 14 light moderate LM CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BYDInc_E_pct BYD_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CGR_Calc_gm2day Very susceptible (VS), large, abundant pycnidia, lesions coalescing extensively VS one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 5/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 7 9 head prematurely ripened (whitehead) or plant collapsed with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem, or shoot killed as the ear emerges from the sheath with sharp eyespot lesions on the shoot CIMMYT WI_M_Idx WI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 4 low to medium 3 low Seedling development , 5 leaves unfolded 15 moderately susceptible to moderately tolerant 6 GPD_Calc_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC 50% coverage 5 CIMMYT DROUGHTTOL_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DroughtTol_E_1to5 CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass6_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Seedling development , First leaf emerged 10 very high damage 9 late (L) 5 9 very good (VG) AntDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ANTDMG_pct MS-S moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) very dense 9 0 No visible affection dense to very dense 8 72 70% plant height affected, 20% coverage 24 Tillering, Main shoot and 4 Tillers 3 30% plants with broken straw 5 fair (F) GFP_calc_pct GFILLPERIOD_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 none 1 very poor (VP) 70% plants with broken straw 7 very high 9 PstriNote_E_text PSTRI_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriInc_E_1to9 PSTRI_1_9 Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass2_pct CIMMYT PGRAM_0_12__SEV PgramSev_E_0to12 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MS moderately susceptible (MS), average pycnidial density coverage of 30-40% susceptible 3 WMFLRSDS_ml WMFlrSDS_M_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 30% plant height affected, 70% coverage 37 GgtriInc_E_pct GGTRI_pct__INC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 0 no visible infection (0) 96 Ripening, 50% of viable seed germinates 28 Tillering, Main shoot and 8 Tillers Ci_M_umolCO2mol1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT moderate (M) 4 5 leaf is severely rolled poor (P) 2 50% plant height affected, 60% coverage 56 poor (P) 3 intermediate 5 CIMMYT FLEAFA _cm2 FLeafA_M_cm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MR-MS Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW200_g GW_M_g200grn W weak (W) 90% plant height affected, 70% coverage 97 4 fair (F) 6 medium to high 2 trace (T) TANSPOT_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TanSpotInc_E_pct UTRIT_1_9__INC CIMMYT UtritInc_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STRIT_pct__INC StritInc_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla medium (M) M very tall (VT) VT 80% (29.6% occupied by uredia) 80 2 leaf rim starts to roll GFR_Calc_gday Luzie U Wingen GFILLRATE JIC GRNPLUMP_1_3 GPlump_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla normal, similar to local check (N) 4 moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some clorosis possible MS MATD Mat_date_ymd MATD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MATDATE medium 3 0 no visible infection (0) Ripening, Overripe, straw dead and collapsing 94 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RachLng_M_mm 2 low excellent (E) 9 very poor (VP) 1 VR very resistance R-MR resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) No visible affection 0 semi-hard (SH, 45-55) SH medium 2 R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Anet_M_umolCO2m2s2 HailDmg_E_1to5 HailDmg_N_T_S_M_V HAILDMG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 low Dough development, Hard dough (thumbnail impression held) 87 tenacious (T) T 90 90 1 highly susceptible severe 5 P purple 3 moderately susceptible, medium-sized uredinia that may be associated with chlorosis (3) VE very early (VE) Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafSPI_M_Idx CIMMYT Fusiform 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafGlau_E_0to9 CIMMYT LEAFGLAU_0_9 51 50% plant height affected, 10% coverage very susceptible (VS), > 50 % of infection VS 5 intermediate good to very good (G-VG) 7 3 LofVol_M_ml LOFVOL_ml CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RSpkGP_Calc_pct 30% plant height affected, 90% coverage 39 5 fair to good (F-G) Germination, Water uptake (imbibition) started 01 10% plant height affected, 30% coverage 13 20% plant height affected, 90% coverage 29 60% plant height affected, 70% coverage 67 PRECO_1_4__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoResp_E_1to4 CIMMYT Ripening, Seed not dormant 97 hard (H) H No anther extrusion 0 Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones S 2 one or more sharp eyespot lesions on upper (as well as lower) sheaths but no symptoms on the stem trace 1 P Prostrate (P) 84 80% plant height affected, 40% coverage 5 intermediate Imm Immune (Imm) - No pycnidial formation, no symptoms or occasional hypersensitive fleck. susceptible S Germination, Coleoptile emerged from seed 07 SH semi-hard (SH, 45-50) 6 solid 3 6 good (G) very hard (VH) VH H hard (H, <45) susceptible (S), 21 to 50 % of infection S 42 40% plant height affected, 20% coverage awnless 0 20 Tillering, Main shoot only dense to very dense 8 2 susceptible 2 3 60% coverage 50% plant height affected, 20% coverage 52 50% plant height affected, 90% coverage 59 1 present Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHORD_pct__SEV PhordSev_E_pct CIMMYT 26 20% plant height affected, 60% coverage Heading, ½ of head emerged 55 70% plant height affected, 90% coverage 79 Stem elongation or jointing, 5th node detectable 35 4 mid-strong 2 80% plant height affected, 80% coverage 88 17 Seedling development , 7 leaves unfolded CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GProt_NIRS_pct GRNPROT_pct moderately susceptible (MS), 12 to 20 % of infection MS soft (S, >55) S 68 60% plant height affected, 80% coverage weak 1 heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf tip (Y) Y 7 Z Heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf base (Z) 2 very low LMS light moderate susceptible resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules R Stem elongation or jointing, 4th node detectable 34 MS moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible 70% anther extrusion 7 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 2/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 4 100% coverage 5 30% plant height affected, 10% coverage 31 medium soft (MS) MS intermediate to dense 6 short (S) S Seedling development , 2 leaves unfolded 12 moderate to high 6 Susceptible (S) - Moderate pycnidial formation, lesions coalescing considerably. S 7 dense No symptom of sharp eyespot 0 Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis MR R resistant 40% anther extrusion 4 poor (P) 2 1% (0.37% occupied by uredia) 1 weak-tenacious (WT) WT 4 susceptible to moderately susceptible moderate (M) M none 1 7 high Strong (S) S 16 10% plant height affected, 60% coverage BlkPtInc_E_0to9pct BLKPT_0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla very poor to poor (VP-P) 1 1 10% coverage MH medium hard (MH) very lax to lax 2 very dense 9 good (G) 7 80% plant height affected, 70% coverage 87 SPKLNG_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkLng_M_cm 20% plant height affected, 70% coverage 27 90% plant height affected, 20% coverage 92 GrnTllr_Calc_GrnTllr CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha 2 20% plants with broken straw good (G) 2 MR moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas 4 susceptible, large uredinia without chlorosis (4) Kernel and milk development, Medium milk (milky liquid) 75 0% (no uredia) 0 SE semi-erect (SE) 60 60 Purple 4 erect (E) E one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 4/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 6 Seedling development , 6 leaves unfolded 16 tall (T) T I facultative (intermediate) MS moderately Susceptible (MS), medium-sized lesions, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible MR-MS Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis 22 20% plant height affected, 20% coverage W white 20% plant height affected, 40% coverage 24 6 Mixed 9 MS Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing 9 severe 80% plant height affected, 10% coverage 81 63 60% plant height affected, 30% coverage Kernel and milk development, Late milk (more solids in milk) 77 8 6 R red 5 50% plants with broken straw sparse 3 S susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis 70% plant height affected, 40% coverage 74 5 medium Tillering, Main shoot and 1 Tiller 21 6 60% anther extrusion 40% plant height affected, 50% coverage 45 1 very sparse MR moderately resistant (MR), small lesions surrounded by necrotic areas 65 Flowering or anthesis, Flowering half complete 7 high damage 8 high to very high damage purple P early to normal (E-N) 3 very early (VE) 1 11 Seedling development , First leaf unfolded 6 Mixed 73 70% plant height affected, 30% coverage 83 80% plant height affected, 30% coverage 1 small Germination, Dry seed 00 Poor 3 90 90% (33.3% occupied by uredia) good to very good (G-VG) 8 8 80% coverage spring S 2 Branched 61 60% plant height affected, 10% coverage high 4 57 Heading, ¾ of head emerged Germination, Radicle emerged from seed 05 resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small lesions R MS Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing V vitreous (V) 70% plant height affected, 10% coverage 71 95 90% plant height affected, 50% coverage 3 8 80% plants with broken straw MR moderately resistant intermediate (M), lesions of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis I 20 20 40 40 spreading (S) S 20% plant height affected, 30% coverage 23 5 moderate 8 80% anther extrusion 0 absent very poor (VP) 0 50% plant height affected, 50% coverage 55 1 none (N) 30% plant height affected, 40% coverage 34 2 Amber 5 80 80 10% plant height affected, 20% coverage 12 0 none 9 highly tolerant entity low to intermediate 4 S soft (S) white W 9 high 69 Flowering or anthesis, Flowering complete SS semi-spreading (SS) 1 Good Barley leaf rust incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Barley leaf rust incidence PhordInc Barley leaf rust incidence Leaf Leaf PstriCI Stripe rust coefficient of infection Stripe rust coefficient of infection Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. The plant damage caused by snails. SnailDmg Snail damage Plant Snail damage Standard method for Septoria species response. SepSpResp Estimation Field response McNEAL Estimation Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the MCNEAL scale. The surface temperature of the canopy is related to the amount of transpiration resulting in evaporative cooling. CT Canopy temperature Canopy Temperature FLeafLLng Measurement Standard method for flag leaf lamina length. Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Fs Measurement kg/kg N 1-3 GROWTHCLS scale Standard method for powdery mildew incidence. EgramInc Estimation GSurfA_Measurement Marvin method for whole surface area. Standard method for stomatal frequency. StomaFrq Counting TTB Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Grain yellow berry incidence Yellow berry incidence Refers to grains showing chalky or starchy endosperm areas. Grain GYellBer Septoria blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. SepSPInc Septoria blotch incidence Leaf Septoria blotch incidence MgrisSev Wheat blast severity Wheat blast severity Spike Wheat blast severity in the spikes caused by the agent Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: It can infect all above-ground parts of the wheat plant, but head blast, resembling Fusarium head blight in appearance, is the most common symptom in the field. Infected spikes become bleached and produce small shriveled seed or none at all. Dough Dough Mixograph mixing time MixTim Time required for the dough development from beginning of mixing flour and water to the dough reaches maximum consistency (peak). Mixograph mixing time Septoria tritici blotch severity StritSev Septoria tritici blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Septoria tritici blotch severity Plant PhiPS2 Measurement Standard method for fluorescence measurement. Observe the growth habit of wheat plants during tillering stages and rate whether erect/semi-erect/prostrate/semi-spreading/spreading GrwHabit Estimation Stem Length Stem length StmLng Length of stem. Carbon isotope discrimination GCID Grain carbon isotope discrimination at maturity from drought trials provides genotypic effects most likely to be related to transpiration rate or an integrative measurement of stomatal conductance. Grain carbon isotope discrimination Grain Flour yield Proportion of flour recovered during milling. Flour Yield FlrYld Pubescence density Leaf Leaf pubescence density Leaf hairiness density. LeafPubDen PlntStnd Computation Calculate number of plant per area. Standard method for Fusarium graminearum severity. FgramSev Estimation Image Analysis Screen Mass2 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.8 mm - 2.5 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Score the damage caused by frost per plot. FrostDmg Estimation FnivLBInc Estimation Standard method for Fusarium leaf blotch incidence. Barley helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence in the plants caused by the agent Drechslera graminea (helminthosporium gramineum). HgramInc Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Leaf Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Difference between ambient temperature and canopy temperature. Canopy temperature depression Canopy Temperature depression CTD Severity of leaf/stem/stripe rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Modified cobb scale for severity Plant Fusarium wilt incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium oxysporum. FoxiWilt Fusarium wilt incidence Fusarium wilt incidence Leaf minimal fluorescence intensity Minimal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Minimal fluorescence intensity Leaf FoLA Normalized pheophytinization index NPQI Normalized pheophytinization index can be used to detect chlorophyll degradation. Canopy normalized pheophytinization index Canopy Cold tolerance Cold tolerance Plant ColdTol Plant tolerance to lower temperatures than the optimum. 0-1 absent-present Stem Number of nodes in the main stem. NodeN Node number Node number Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat GrwCls Estimation Grain appearance GApp Grain Appearance of a single grain. Appearance Barley yellow dwarf incidence Wheat yellow dwarf incidence in the plants caused by the agent wheat yellow dwarf virus. BYDInc Plant Barley yellow dwarf incidence % Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the seedlings caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust seedling response PstriSdlgResp Stripe rust seedling response Seedling Canopy green normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Normalized difference vegetation index GNDVI Canopy g/day Tilletia laevis incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TlaevInc Estimation Flour Glutenin Glu-A3 composition GluA3 Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a3. Standard method for ant damage. AntDmg Estimation Standard method for soil borne mosaic virus incidence. SBMVInc Estimation StomaSiz Measurement Standard method for stomatal size. PgramResp Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Plant Stem rust plant response Stem rust plant response Canopy light interception Light energy intercepted by the canopy. Canopy Light interception LI Electron transport rate Leaf electron transport rate Leaf Transfer of electrons during photosynthesis in light saturated leaf. ETR FHBSplInc Computation Calculated as the index (ratio) of infected spikelets over total number of spikelets by Calonectria nivalis (Fusarium nivale, F. graminearum) causing scab disease in spike. Rust severity Estimation Severity of rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Canopy RARSc Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Rarsc is an estimation of carotenoid content. 1-8 generic disease field response scale RcereInc Estimation Main shoots are assessed for sharp eyespot disease. Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.5 mm - 2.2 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass3 Anet Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Lodg Estimation Estimate of the area lodged in the sampled plot. Glume Pubescence density Glume hairiness density on outer side of sterile glume. GlmPubDen Glume pubescence density Standard method for rodent damage. RodentDmg Estimation Asat Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until emergence (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTH Computation Awns Estimation Standard method for awnedness. Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. PrecoSdlgResp Leaf rust seedling response Leaf rust seedling response Seedling FnivLBSev Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) severity in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). Fusarium leaf blotch severity Fusarium leaf blotch severity Plant CT Measurement Take measurements at least two times from full ground cover to the end of booting (pre-heading), and at least two times from the end of anthesis to late grainfilling (grain-filling) -with 5-7 days between each measurement to give a reasonably heritable estimate of trait expression. Image Analysis Screen Mass5 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.0 mm - 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Wsurv Estimation Standard method for winter survival. Whole meal flour SDS sedimentation Whole meal flour WMFlrSDS Testing of whole-meal flour quality by SDS-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. SDS-sedimentation volume FHBSpkWt Computation Relative spike weight is calculated by dividing spike weight (at maturity) from infected by the non-infected. Plant Establish Measurement of plant emergence and vigor in the field. Stand establishment StdEst RepP Computation Calculated as time between double ridge (approx. DS14) and anthesis (DS65) as percentage of crop cycle duration. kg/ha SpkPho Spike photosynthesis contribution Spike Photosynthetic contribution of the spike (ear) to grain yield. Spike Photosynthesis Winter kill damage Winter kill damage WKill Plant Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Standard method for yellow berry incidence. GYellBer Measurement g/MJ 1-6 MIXTYP scale mg/kg Number of infertile spikelet per spike. Spike Infertile spike number Number InfertSpkN TilSpSpkInc Estimation Common bunt incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. AlvG Dough alveograph value G G stands for the square root of the volume of air in the bubble that was possible before the bubble burst. shows how flexible the dough was during the test. Dough Alveograph value G Booting thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Booting (GS45). TTB Plant Booting thermal time g/m2 FolDis Estimation Standard method for foliar disease development. Distorted leaves and stems are evident prior to heading. As diseased plants approach maturity, galls are formed in the florets, replacing the kernels. The galls are similar in shape to the seed they replace and are dark brown in color. Large numbers of motile larvae are present within the galls and become active after the galls have been moistened. These nematodes can act as vectors of Clavibacter tritici. SGNDmg Estimation Rolling severity Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. LRollSev Leaf rolling severity Leaf Emer DS10 days Computation Number of days from sowing to the seedling emergence (DS10). 1-5 TOL scale Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. RLNDmg Estimation Canopy Canopy stay green Ability of the plant to remain/maintain green leaves, stems and spikes at the time of senescing. Stay green StayGreen grain/m2 True Stem Coefficient = True stem DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of true stem is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. TSPI Computation NIR calibrated NIRS Starch Measurement Calculated grain weight increase per degree day with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. GFRTT Computation PrecoInc Estimation Standard method for leaf rust incidence. HelSpSev Plant Helminthosporium species severity Helminthosporium species severity The disease severity in the plants caused by the agent Helminthosporium species. ErlVig Capacity of a seedling or plant to grow vegetatively in early stages of development. Plant Plant early vigour Early vigour Grain protein deviation Deviation from the grain yield -grain protein linear regression. Grain Protein Deviation GPD Plant Standard method for barley scald blight severity. RsecaSev Estimation Worm damage Plant The plant damage caused by worms. WormDmg Worm damage Flag leaf lamina FLeafLLng Flag leaf lamina length Length of flag leaf lamina. Length index grain/spike SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis (1BL1RS) Detect in the SDS-PAGE gel the presence of some protein bands from rye chromosome translocation. Black point incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of grain with black point symptoms. BlkPtInc Estimation SpkDis Spike disease development Spike The plant damage caused by spike diseases. Spike disease development Spike fertility index. Dry weight of 20 randomly selected spikes at anthesis. Fruiting Efficiency= number of grains at maturity / spike dry matter at anthesis. FE Computation µmol CO2/m2/s Nitrogen Use Efficiency Above ground biomass nitrogen efficiency Plant The above ground biomass production per total Nitrogen available to a plant. BMNUE Rapid spike growth period. Canopy Rapid spike growth period Grain Filling duration RSpkGP TindiInc Estimation Standard method for karnal bunt incidence. Alveograph P/G Dough Dough alveograph P/G AlvPG It is the p/g ratio. StmCol Color Stem Stem color Color of the stems. cm Ci Computation Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Standard method for leaf length. LeafLng Measurement Zinc content Grain Content of zinc in grain. GZinc Grain Zinc content Image Analysis Screen Mass4 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.2 mm - 2.0 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. 0-5 FHB field response scale Standard method for stem color. StmCol Estimation Count the total number of grains per tiller. GrnTllr Computation 0-5 incidence scale Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.2 ? 2.0 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count4 1-3 SIZE scale The fraction of Nitrogen recovered in the harvested grain as a function of the total Nitrogen taken up. Nitrogen harvest index NHI Nitrogen harvest index Plant GW Measurement Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. Bird damage Plant Bird damage The plant damage caused by birds. BirdDmg Rust Coefficient of infection Computation Coefficient of infection (CI) calculated by multiplying the severity times a constant for host response: where immune = 0.0, R=0.2, MR =0.4, MS =0.8, and S=1.0. Grain number Grain Number GN Number of grains expressed as per unit area or sample. Both the total number of spikelets and the number of fertile spikelets (i.e., those containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. When sampling large numbers of samples or plots, time may be saved by randomly counting one side of the spike and multiplying by two. SplN Counting Spike PstriSpkSev Stripe rust spike severity Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust spike severity Tilletia laevis bunt incidence TlaevInc Spike Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia laevis (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). Tilletia laevis bunt incidence 1-5 Septoria response scale Thermal Time from emergence to Initiation of Booting (GS41). TTIB Initiation of Booting thermal time Booting initiation thermal time Plant GlmCol Estimation Standard method for glume color. Tolerance of grain to sprout when in the spike. Grain Sprouting tolerance Sprouting tolerance SproutTol Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the grain at harvest. GNUp Computation Standard method for stem wall thickness. StmWallThk Measurement Pubescence length Leaf pubescent length. LeafPubLng Leaf pubescence length Leaf Stomatal conductance Leaf Leaf stomatal conductance StomaCond Rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide through the stomata. 1-5 DMG scale RLNDmg Root lesion nematode damage Root lesion nematode damage The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. Root Standard method for leaf pubescence length. LeafPubLng Measurement Plumpness GPlump The degree of endosperm filling. Grain plumpness Grain Leaf StomaSiz Stomatal size Stomata size. Leaf stomatal size Barley leaf rust severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Leaf PhordSev Barley leaf rust severity Barley leaf rust severity GlmGlau Estimation Standard method for glume glaucousness. Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. ISBM Computation LeafPSSRa Leaf Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll a Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-a. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Chlorophyll content 1-9 PHOTORESP scale Awnedness Spike awnedness Observation of awn type whether awnless/awnletted (short awns)/awned (conspicious awns). Spike Awns AgrScr Estimation For agronomic score observe visually detectable signs of factors limiting yields and rate. Grain Content of phosphorus in grain. GPhos Phosphorous content Grain phosphorous content Phase period where the spike growth the most regarding the whole crop cycle and can be calculated as (anthesis date-initiation of booting date)/days to maturity *100. RSpkGP Computation PnegleDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. Record date of first node detectable (DS31). It is easier to determine in the field than DS30. It is estimated in-field as the day at which the first node can be detected at approximately 1 cm above the tillering node. The observation is performed in the main tiller. FND DS31 date Estimation Emer Emergence time Emergence time Plant Emergence time is when the first leaf appears above the soil surface. Proceed following the protocol for sampling of grains or leaves for CID in Chapter 6 in Pask et al., 2012. Mass spectrometers generate differential values of stable carbon isotope composition (?13C), expressed negative values in parts per thousand (?) (Farquhar et al., 1989): ?13C (?) = [(Rsample/Rstandard)?1] × 1000. Where: the ratio of heavy to light isotope (R = 13C/12C) for the sample is in comparison to Peedee Belemnite (PDB) carbonate (limestone) standard. Following Farquhar et al. (1989) ? rather than using carbon isotope composition values (?13C), positive values for CID (?13C) can be calculated for easier statistical analysis as: ?13C = [(?a-?p)]/[1 + (?p/1000)] CID determination Notes taken in the field. Note Estimation Plant Agronomic score AgrScr Phenotypic acceptability Rating of overall agronomic attributes and health of plants. Plant Photoperiod response Extent to which long days hasten flowering. PhotopResp Plant photoperiod response 1-3 HRDCLS scale day Flour FlrSDS SDS sedimentation volume Flour SDS sedimentation Testing of refined flour quality by sds-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. Crop growth rate It is the rate of dry matter production per unit area. CGR Biomass production Plant Length of coleoptile (a protective sheath that surrounds the shoot tip and the embryonic leaves of the young shoot of grasses). Coleoptile ColeopLng Length Coleoptile length RootDis Root The plant damage caused by root diseases. Root disease development Root disease development Standard method for stem diameter. StmDia Measurement WMFlrFN Measurement Standard method for whole meal flour falling number. Spike density SpkDen Density or compactness of a wheat spike. Density Spike Boot DS45 date Estimation Record booting stage (DS45) when 50% of culms present boot swollen. Counting the number of plant per area or row. PlntStnd Counting Leaf light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Amax Leaf Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light and CO2. PherpResp Estimation Standard method for eye spot field response. BMNitr Nitrogen content of the above ground biomass. Nitrogen content Above ground biomass nitrogen content Plant AtritResp Alternaria leaf blight plant response Alternaria leaf blight plant response Alternaria leaf blight response in the plants caused by the agent Alternaria triticina. Leaf Standard method for stomatal conductance. StomaCond Measurement Net blotch incidence Leaf HtereInc Net blotch incidence Net blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (helminthosporium teres). AphDmg Estimation Standard method for aphid damage. GgtriInc Estimation Standard method for take all incidence. Tip necrosis LeafTNecro Leaf tip necrosis incidence Leaf A physiological phenomenon caused by hot, dry and windy weather. the whole tip of the flag leaf tends to be necrotic and will often fold over. leaf tip necrosis progresses from the margins of the flag leaf tip and lower leaves as well show some signs of it. leaf tip necrosis is observed to some extent in all wheat varieties containing the leaf rust gene resistance gene lr34. Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until terminal spikelet(thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTTS Computation 1-5 GLUTYP scale SDS-PAGE electrophoresis 1. Extract storage proteins (glutenins/gliadins) from wheat grain, 2. Separate glutenins from gliadins, 3. Run proteins extracts in polyacrylamide gels, 4. Stain the gel and de-stain, 5. Identify the allele for each locus. NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. Terminal spikelet time Terminal spikelet time Terminal spikelet time is when the last spikelet, the terminal spikelet, has been produced. TSpl Plant Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that are below 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass6 Canopy water index Water index Canopy WI Water index use reflectance at 970 nm as a wavelength sensitive to water content, while reflectance at 900 nm is taken as a reference which is similarly affected by canopy and leaf structures but with null absorption by water. FLeafA Measurement Standard method for flag leaf area. Thickness of whole grain. Grain Grain thickness GThk Thickness Area of the flag leaf lamina. Flag leaf area Area FLeafA Flag leaf Standard method for canopy temperature depression. CTD Computation Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/700. Leaf R750/R700 Measurement 0-9 percentage scale Standard method for Septoria nodorum blotch incidence SnodoInc Estimation LRollInc Estimation Standard method for leaf rolling incidence. Lamina partitioning index LeafPI Leaf Leaf lamina partitioning index Leaf lamina partitioning index. BlkPtInc Black point incidence Grain Black point incidence Black point incidence in the plants caused by the fungal species such as Helminthosporium sativum (Cochliobolus sativus), Alternaria alternata and fusarium spp. also black point symptoms are associated to physiological disorders. FolDis Foliar disease development Leaf Foliar disease development The plant damage caused by foliar diseases. Tan spot plant response Tan spot plant response TanSpotResp Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Leaf Whole meal flour yellow pigment content WMFlrYellPig Whole meal flour Whole meal flour yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Yellow pigment content Leaf steady-state fluorescence Fs Steady-state fluorescence The fluorescence emitting during steady state. Leaf Standard method for spike disease development. SpkDis Estimation Standard method for glume length. GlmLng Measurement Plant Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Septoria nodorum blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Stagonospora nodorum (syn. Septoria glume blotch) (Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude (syn. Stagonospora nodorum). Septoria nodorum blotch incidence SnodoInc WtrLoggDmg Plant Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Waterlogging damage Waterlogging damage Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a low pH (acid) soil field and rate the tolerance. AcdTol Estimation Herbicide damage Plant Herbicide damage HerbicideDmg Plant damage caused by herbicide. GMoi Estimation Moisture content is determined by drying a grain wheat sample in an air oven and comparing the weight of the sample before and after heating. The amount of weight loss is the moisture content. Moisture content results are expressed as a percentage. 0-5 Septoria Response scale FgramResp Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum response. LeafTR Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. 0-5 percentage scale FvLAFmLA Leaf Leaf maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured in the leaf. Maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry spikelet/spike Sharp eyespot incidence RcereInc Sharp eyespot incidence Sharp eyespot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia cerealis. Plant 1-5 GRNCOL scale Leaf Net photosynthesis rate Leaf net photosynthesis rate Anet Carbon fixation by photosynthesis. Quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII. PhiPS2 Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II Quantum yield of photosystem II Leaf LAI can be determined directly by taking a sample of canopy from a plant canopy, measuring the leaf area per sample plot with an area meter or image scanner and dividing it by the plot land surface area. Indirect methods use ceptometer to measure canopy geometry or light extinction and relate it to LAI. (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2). LAI Computation Glaucousness in leaf. Glaucousness Leaf Leaf glaucousness LeafGlau BTol Estimation The response of a cultivar or genotype is expressed on a score 1-9, where 1= highly susceptible and 9 = highly tolerant, based on the extent of bronze colored necrosis of leaf tips extending down the leaf margins Rate using a scale from 0 (0% senescence) to 10 (100% senescence) using the guide, in increments of 10%. FLeafSen Estimation Standard method for leaf pubescence density. LeafPubDen Estimation Straw Straw yield Amount (weight) of straw. Yield StrawYld Observe the tendency of grain to sprout when in the spike and rate the tolerance. SproutTol Estimation Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FmLA Measurement GY Relative to check Computation Calculate grain yield of an entry as percentage over a local check. min Spikelet Number Spikelet number Number of spikelets per spike. SplN 1-9 scoring scale 1-4 PRECO scale Sterility Spike sterility index Spike sterility observed as infertile florets. SpkSterility Spike Standard method for grain appearance. GApp Estimation Leaf EgramInc Powdery mildew incidence in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Powdery mildew incidence Powdery mildew incidence Insect damage Plant The plant damage caused by insects. Insect damage InsectDmg Plant Anthesis time Anthesis time Anthesis or flowering time is the period during which a flower is fully open and functional. pollination and fertilization occur during this period. Ant Anthesis thermal time Plant TTA Anthesis thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Anthesis (GS65). Standard method for In-season aboveground biomass. ISBM Estimation Proportion of big grain remaining above the sieve. Retention proportion GReten Grain retention Grain Leaf PrecoSev Leaf rust (brown rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust severity Leaf rust severity FvLA Measurement Variable fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. Flour gluten type Gluten type GluTyp Gluten type whether weak-tenacious/tenacious/weak/medium strong/strong. Flour Standard method for grain color. GCol Estimation Mixograph type Dough mixograph type Dough MixTyp Mixograph type (mixograph curve) is used for determining the strength of dough. PstriResp Stripe rust plant response Leaf Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust plant response Mat DS87 relative Estimation Assessment of physiological maturity (approx. DS87) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Grain number Grain number per spikelet Number of grains per spikelet. Spikelet GrnSpl 1-5 scoring scale Germ Measurement Laboratory seed test for germination should be carried out before seeding to calculate seeding rates or determine the status of storage seed. The percentage of seeds capable of producing normal seedlings under ordinarily favorable conditions (not including seeds which produce weak, malformed, or obviously abnormal sprouts), determined by methods ISTA seed testing protocols. Grain number (GNO) as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. GNO determines the sink size of the crop and under many conditions it is strongly correlated with yield. Grains/m2 (GNO) = yield (g/m2) / TGW (g) × 1000. GN Computation DR DT Computation Number of days from sowing to double ridge (DS14-15 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. SawflyDmg Estimation Standard method for sawfly damage. Boron tolerance Plant BTol Boron tolerance Plant tolerance to high levels of soil boron. Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Leaf Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio. CiCa Leaf intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Standard method for grain hardness class. GHrd Measurement StrawBreak Breakage Straw Amount of straw breakage. Straw breakage Test weight or specific weight is the weight of a fixed volume of clean grains. TestWt Grain test weight Grain Test weight Sample as for spikelets per spike randomly select 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the spikelets, thresh, count grains, and calculate, or less accurately simply calculate from calculated grains per spike and measured spikelet number. GrnSpl Computation Straw NIR calibrated. STR NIRS Measurement Standard method for southern blight response. SrolfResp Estimation Harvest index Biomass partitioning to grain Plant A ratio of grain yield to total above ground biomass. HI Standard method for seed vitreousness. GVtr Estimation The plant damage caused by suni pest (Eurygaster spp., sunn pest, suni bug). Suni pest damage SuPDmg Suni pest damage Plant Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b RARSb Rarsb is an estimation of chlorophyll b content. Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Canopy Plant Septoria tritici blotch incidence Septoria tritici blotch incidence Septoria tritici blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. StritInc Armyworm damage Plant Armyworm damage ArmyWDmg The plant damage caused by armyworm. 0-9 density scale 1-6 COLOR scale NUE Grain Nitrogen use efficiency The grain dry mass (grain yield) production per Nitrogen available to a plant. Nitrogen Use Efficiency Whole meal flour color Color The whole meal flour color. Whole meal flour WMFlrCol Stem rust seedling response PgramSdlgResp Stem rust seedling response Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Seedling Bacterial leaf streak severity Bacterial leaf streak severity Leaf BLSSev Bacterial leaf streak severity in the plants caused by the agent Xanthomonas translucens. The disease, called black chaff when on the glumes. Minolta Chroma Meter Test Measurement of flour/whole meal/grain color with the Minolta chromameter, L value represents whiteness, a* value (reddishness) represents red and green colors and b* value (yellowness) represents yellow and blue colors. Using the Minolta Chroma Meter Test: 1. A sample of flour/whole meal/grain is placed on the granular materials attachment and compacted, 2. The Minolta Chroma Meter is inserted into the granular materials attachment, 3. Measurements are taken and recorded, 4.Color results are reported in terms of 3-dimensional color values based on the following rating scale: L* value whiteness: 100 white, 0 black, a* value positive +60 red color, negative values -60 green color, b* value positive +60 yellow color, negative values -60 blue color. Falling number Flour Flour falling number FlrFN The falling number is defined as the time in seconds required stirring and allowing stirrer to fall a measured distance through a hot aqueous flour or meal gel undergoing liquefaction due to a-amylase activity. FHBSpkInc Fusarium head blight spike incidence Fusarium head blight spike incidence Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in spikes caused by the agent fusarium spp. Spike Standard method for spectral reflectance. Canopy spectral reflectance Measurement 1. A sample of 60 grams or 250 grams of flour is mixed with a salt solution to form a dough. 2. The dough is sheeted, rested and inflated in the Chopin Alveograph, 2. Five 4.5 centimeter circular dough patties are formed and then rested in the alveograph in a temperature-regulated compartment at 25 degrees Celsius for approximately 20 minutes, 3. Each dough patty is tested individually. The alveograph blows air into a dough patty, which expands into a bubble that eventually breaks, 4. The pressure inside the bubble is recorded as a curve on graph paper. The alveograph determines the gluten strength of a dough by measuring the force required to blow and break a bubble of dough. The results include P Value, L Value, and W Value. ALVEOGRAPH determination AACC 54-30 A b value grains/tiller Leaf area of flag leaf or all laminas is measured. Then the leaves are oven dried at 60-70oC for 48h and the dry weight is recorded. Then, the specific leaf area is calculated as the ratio of leaf area to dry mass SLA= leaf area/dry mass. SLA Measurement Leaf Sheath Coefficient = Leaf Sheath DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf sheath is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. LeafSPI Computation PedPubDen Peduncle pubescence density Pubescence density Peduncle hairiness density. Peduncle Nitrogen content of the above ground straw biomass. Straw Straw Nitrogen content Nitrogen content STRNitr text Standard method for barley stripe mosaic virus incidence. BSMV Estimation SpkDW Computation Standard spike dry weight method. GW Grain Grain weight Weight Grain weight usually expressed as weight of single, one hundred, two hundred or thousand grains. Heat tolerance Plant tolerance to heat conditions. Heat tolerance Plant HeatTol Leaf tip necrosis is observed and rated in percentage. LeafTNecro Estimation Plant Heading thermal time TTH Heading thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Heading (GS55). Observation of grains dehiscence from spike at maturity. Spike shattering Spike Shattering Shattering Threshblty Estimation Observe threshability by hand threshing of one or two spikes and rate it according how easily grains are separated from the rachis and glumes using 1 (hard to thresh) to 9 (easy to thresh) scale. Stem outer diameter. Stem diameter StmDia Diameter Stem Double digit (00-99) ISBM Measurement Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. SpkGW Spike Grain weight per spike. Grain weight Grain weight per spike GsurfA Grain surface area Surface of whole grain. Surface area Grain Plant PlntStnd Plant population or plant density. Stand Plant stand degree C Vegetative period Plant vegetative period Plant Time period between emergence (ds10) and first node detectable (ds31). VgP Ratio of tenacity (p, maximum pressure required for the deformation of the sample) and extensibility (l, length of the curve) of dough. Dough alveograph P/L Alveograph P/L Dough AlvPL Boot DS39 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to initiation of booting (DS39-DS41). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Nitrogen uptake BMNUp Uptake of Nitrogen in the above ground biomass at maturity. Above ground biomass nitrogen uptake Plant Canopy RUE_T Radiation Use Efficiency The amount of biomass produced per unit of intercepted solar radiation. Radiation use efficiency Standard method for Spot blotch incidence. HsatiLInc Estimation Wheat bacterial leaf blight severity in the plants caused by the agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. symptoms: small (less than 0.04 inches) water-soaked lesions expand and eventually coalesce. initial lesions become necrotic and turn from gray-green to tan-white. Entire leaves may become necrotic, but heads and glumes are typically symptomless. BLBSev Bacterial leaf blight severity Bacterial leaf blight severity Leaf Length Length of spike. Spike Spike length SpkLng FE Spike The final outcome of the floret developmental rates (determining the number of floret primordia that reach the stage of fertile florets at anthesis) and the proportion of grain set per fertile floret (the opposite to grain abortion), per unit of spike weight. Fruiting efficiency Fruiting efficiency Physiological maturity thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Physiological Maturity (GS87). Physiological maturity thermal time Plant TTM PedPubDen Estimation Standard method for peduncle pubescence density. Eyespot plant response Eye spot response in the plants caused by the fungal species Tapesia yallundae (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoide w-type) and Tapesia acuformis (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides r-type). Symptoms: the eye shape elliptical lesions forms on lower base of stem and lower leaf sheath. The eyespots are straw yellow in color from the middle and are surrounded by the greenish brown to dark brown rings. PherpResp Eyespot plant response Plant RootRot Common root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agents Cochliobolus sativus, fusarium spp., and Pythium species. Common root rot incidence Plant Common root rot incidence Strength of the culm. Stem StmStrength Strength Stem strength g/degree C day Barley stripe mosaic incidence in the plants caused by barley stripe mosaic virus. Barley stripe mosaic incidence Plant Barley stripe mosaic incidence BSMV GY Computation Use formulae to calculate grain yield in g/m2 Booting time is just prior to spike emergence, when the flag leaf sheath encloses the growing spike. Booting time Boot Booting time Plant NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement Grain weight increase per degree day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). GFRTT Grain fill rate thermal time Plant Grain fill rate thermal time GFR Grain fill rate Plant Grain fill rate Grain weight increase per day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). 1. A 7-gram sample of ground wheat or flour is weighed and combined with 25 milliliter of distilled water in a glass falling number tube with a stirrer and shaken to form a slurry. When grinding a wheat sample to perform a falling number test, it should be at least 300 grams to assure a representative sample, 2. As the slurry is heated in a boiling water bath at 100° Centigrade and stirred constantly, the starch gelatinizes and forms a thick paste, 3. The time it takes the stirrer to drop through the paste is recorded as the falling number value. FlrFN Measurement Plant Maturity time Maturity time starts at hard dough stage (ds87) often called physiological maturity. Maturity time Mat PrecoInc Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust incidence Leaf rust incidence Leaf 1-8 rust field response scale Record date of anthesis (DS65) when 50% of spikes have flowered (i.e. at least 1 anther dehisced). Ant DS65 date Estimation Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FoLA Measurement Record date of when 50% of seedlings have emerged (DS10). Emer DS10 date Estimation BMNUpE Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency Plant N-uptake efficiency as the total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground plant at harvest in relation to the available Nitrogen in soil. Nitrogen uptake efficiency Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Spike Fusarium head blight AUDPC Fusarium head blight AUDPC FHBAUDPC 1-9 incidence scale Incidence of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Leaf LRollInc Rolling incidence Leaf rolling incidence Standard method for stem length. StmLng Measurement 1-9 general scale 1-9 TOL scale Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Amax Measurement Hessian fly damage Plant The plant damage caused by hessian fly, Maytiola destructor. HesFlyDmg Hessian fly damage Translocation 1BL/1RS Translocation 1BL/1RS The 1bl/1rs translocation in wheat resulted from replacing the short arm of the chromosome 1b of wheat by the short arm of the chromosome 1r of rye (Secale cereale l.). T1BL1RS Absence/Presence %/min Hd Plant Heading time Heading time Heading time extends from the time of emergence of the tip of the spike from the flag leaf sheath to when the spike has completely emerged but has not yet started to flower. Standard method for cookie spread factor. CookSdF Measurement Glume color Color GlmCol Color observation on the outer glume at maturity. Glume kg/hl Plant tolerance to acid soil. Plant AcdTol Acid soil tolerance Acid soil tolerance Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection PhordCI Leaf Barley leaf rust incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection LeafGlau Estimation Standard method for leaf glaucousness. 0-9 RCERE scale Grain Grain vitreousness Vitreousness GVtr One of the key quality parameters in the determination of durum quality referring to translucent or glass-like appearance when seeds are transversely sectioned and observed whether not vitreous/partly vitreous/vitreous. it is associated with high protein and hard grain. Awn length Awn Awn length. Length AwnLng Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. HeatTol Estimation g/m2/day 1. A 10-gram sample of flour or ground wheat is weighed and placed into the glutomatic washing chamber on top of the polyester screen, 2. The sample is mixed and washed with a 2 percent salt solution for 5 minutes, 3. The wet gluten is removed from the washing chamber, placed in the centrifuge holder, and centrifuged, 4. The residue retained on top of the screen and through the screen is weighed. FLRGluCon Measurement Leaf Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot incidence TanSpotInc Tan spot incidence Leaf rust notes Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust notes PrecoNote Leaf Stem rust coefficient of infection Stem rust coefficient of infection PgramCI Plant Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight grain incidence Fusarium head blight grain incidence Grain FHBGInc ml/% 1-3 GRNCOL scale GrwHabit The growth habit of the plant whether erect/semi-erect/semi-spreading/spreading/prostrate. Growth habit Plant growth habit Plant Gluten content Flour gluten content Flour FLRGluCon Content of wet gluten in flour. Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Grain filling period Grain filling period GFP Plant CropGrwRate Computation Standard method for crop growth rate. Yield factor. Grain yield factor Yield factor Grain GYFac Leaves carbon isotope discrimination can be measured in the leaves during early canopy development in well irrigated trials, in which case genotypic effects will be related mainly to transpiration efficiency. Carbon isotope discrimination LeafCID Leaf Leaf carbon isotope discrimination t/ha Septoria blotch plant response Septoria blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Leaf Septoria blotch plant response SepSpResp 1-6 Phenological relative scale Leaf variable fluorescence Leaf FvLA Variable fluorescence Variable fluorescence measured in the leaf. ForgDM Estimation Standard method for forage dry matter. Stomatal resistance Leaf stomatal resistance StomaRes Resistance to diffusion of water vapor through a plant stomata. Leaf GRATIL Number of grains per tiller. Grain number Tiller Grain number per tiller Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until physiological maturity (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTM Computation Length Glume length Glume Length of glume. GlmLng Calculated as difference between biomass and grain yield. StrawYield_Computation Grain yield production rate Grain Yield production rate GYPR Grain yield production rate. Crop ground cover GrndCov Crop ground cover, or the percentage of soil surface covered by plant foliage. Plant Ground cover Spike Karnal bunt incidence TindiInc Karnal bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia indica (syn. Neovossia indica). Karnal bunt incidence Standard method for Alternaria leaf blight field response. AtritResp Estimation Glutenin Glu-B3 composition GluB3 Glutenin Glu-B3 composition Flour Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b3. Drought tolerance Plant Drought tolerance DroughtTol Plant tolerance to drought conditions. GrndCov Measurement (GS15) Standard method for ground cover at 5 leaves stage. Nitrogen content Grain Nitrogen content GNitr Grain Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Powdery mildew severity in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Leaf EgramSev Powdery mildew severity Powdery mildew severity Plant Septoria tritici blotch plant response Septoria tritici blotch plant response Septoria tritici blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. StritResp Rodent damage Rodent damage Plant RodentDmg The plant damage caused by rodent. Stem wall thickness. Wall thickness Stem wall thickness Stem StmWallThk FgramSev Fusarium graminearum severity Fusarium graminearum severity in the plants. Fusarium graminearum severity Spike Double ridge time DRidge Double ridge time Plant Double ridge time is just when apex changes from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. Plant It is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies and defined as the leaf area per unit ground surface area. Leaf area index LAI Leaf area index Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground biomass at harvest. BMNUp Computation Fusarium graminearum plant response Spike Fusarium graminearum plant response Fusarium graminearum response in the plants. FgramResp Anther extrusion Anther extrusion Anther AnthExt Extrusion of anthers. Aluminum tolerance Plant Aluminum tolerance AlTol Plant tolerance to aluminum. GLng Length of whole grain. Grain length Length Grain GFP days Computation Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. HNecro Estimation Some forms of spotting and necrosis result from chromosomal instability or genetic aberrations, these disorders are known as hybrid necrosis. Affected plants show differing degrees of necrosis, often associated with stunting or dwarf clumping. Hybrid necrosis usually is observed in early generation material, and affected progeny are eliminated Fusarium graminearum incidence in the plants. Fusarium graminearum incidence Spike Fusarium graminearum incidence FgramInc SLA A ratio of the leaf area to dry mass. Leaf Specific leaf area Specific leaf area Standard method for whole grain length. GLng Measurement g/1000 grain Score the damage caused by hail. HailDmg Estimation 1-3 STRAWStrength Observation of hybrid necrosis. Hybrid necrosis incidence Plant HNecro Plant hybrid necrosis incidence Standard method for test weight. AACC 55-10 or SeedCount management procedure Standard method for flour yield. FlrYld Measurement Water soluble carbohydrate content Water soluble carbohydrates accumulate up to and around anthesis and are partitioned to the stem, from where they are later available as a reservoir for remobilization to the developing grains. These reserves are an important source of carbon for grain filling. Stem water soluble carbohydrate StmWSC Stem The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus. Pratylenchus neglectus damage Root PnegleDmg Pratylenchus neglectus damage HI Computation Harvest index is expressed in percentage and can be calculated as Harvest index (%) = (Grain yield/Biomass)*100. RsolaInc Estimation Standard method for rhizoctonia root rot incidence. GZinc Measurement Standard method for grain zinc content. g/plant Calculated as the grain yield divided by the total soil Nitrogen. NUE Computation LeafLng Length of leaf. Length Leaf Leaf length The wheat cyst nematode damage caused by cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae. HavenDmg Root Cyst nematode damage Cyst nematode damage Glume Glume pubescence length GlmPubLng Glume pubescence length on outer side of sterile glume. Pubescence length Plant vigour Capacity of the plant to grow. Plant Vigour PlntVig Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FoDA Measurement Count the number of infertile tillers. InfertTN Counting mm Color Grain color GCol Grain color. Grain Ci Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Leaf Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration. Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration MIXOGRAPH determination AACC 54-40 A 1. A sample of 35 grams of flour on a 14 percent moisture basis is weighed and placed in a mixograph bowl, 2. Water is added to the flour from a buret and the bowl is inserted into the mixograph, 3. The flour and water are mixed together to form a dough, 4. As the dough is mixed, the mixograph records a curve on graph paper. mmol H2O/m2/s FmDA Measurement Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. Canopy Structural independent pigment index Structural independent pigment index uses wavelengths showing the best semi-empirical estimation of the carotenoid chlorophyll a ratio (car:chla ratio), and its formulation minimizes the disrupting effects of leaf surface and mesophyll structure. SIPI Canopy structural independent pigment index Fusarium head blight DON content Fusarium head blight DON content Grain FHBDON Content of deoxynivalenol or don (vomitoxin) that is often associated with fhb (fusarium spp.) infected grains. Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf PrecoCI The plant damage caused by Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxis. DnoxiDmg Plant Russian wheat aphid damage Russian wheat aphid damage Bread Baking quality of flour describing bread loaf volume. Bread loaf volume Loaf volume LofVol Growth stage GrwStg Growth/developmental stages based on Zadoks decimal code. Growth stage Plant Leaf Septoria blotch severity Septoria blotch severity Septoria blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. SepSpSev Structure The cellular structure of wheat bread crumb. Bread Bread crumb structure CrmStr Standard method for Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence. HgramInc Estimation GLys Grain lysine content Lysine content of the kernel/grain. Lysine content Grain AphDmg The plant damage caused by various species of aphids. Aphid damage Plant Aphid damage The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei. Root Pratylenchus thornei damage Pratylenchus thornei damage PthornDmg Leaf Lamina Coefficient = Lamina DM measured at7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf lamina is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. LeafPI Computation VgP Computation Calculated as time between emergence (DS10) and first node detectable (DS31) as percentage of crop cycle duration. Winter survival Winter survival Wsurv Plant Ability to survive or withstand cold temperatures in the late fall, winter, or early spring. StrawBreak Estimation Standard method for straw breakage. HtereSev Estimation Standard method for net blotch severity. tiller/plant 0-9 Mc Neal scale GlmGlau Glume Glaucousness in glume. Glaucousness Glume glaucousness Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with chemical method Antrone. StmWSC Atrone Measurement Tilletia tritici bunt incidence Spike TtritInc Tilletia tritici bunt incidence Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia tritici (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. ETR Measurement Standard method for grain amylopectin content. GAmyloPec Measurement HtereSev Net blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (Helminthosporium teres). Net blotch severity Net blotch severity Leaf RachLng Measurement Standard method for rachis length. GY Measurement The weight of the grain harvested is registered on a scale, decide which method suit better for your objectives. In breeding trials, a sample area (rather than the whole plot) is generally used for estimating yield. Discard borders when combine harvest for a better estimation of yield. Calculated as total grain Nitrogen divided by the total biomass Nitrogen. NHI Computation StrawStn Estimation Standard method for straw strength. Standard method for armyworm damage. ArmyWDmg Estimation DR date Estimation Record date of double ridge stage (DS14-15 approx.). Double ridge signifies that the plant?s main growing point will produce no more primordial leaves, and instead will produce primordial spikelets of the young spike. The dissection and observation of the main tiller apex on an optic magnifier is required. Calculated with grain yield obtained /days to maturity. GYPR Computation plant/m2 GlmPubLng Measurement Standard method for glume pubescence length. Leaf The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R550 nm wavelength. LeafR550 Leaf spectral reflectance 550 nm Spectral reflectance UagroResp Flag smut plant response Flag smut plant response Flag smut disease response in the plants caused by the agent Urocystic agropyri causing flag smut disease. Plant Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d3. GluD3 Glutenin Glu-D3 composition Glutenin Glu-D3 composition Flour Length of peduncle. Length Peduncle PedLng Peduncle length a value GluB1 Glutenin Glu-B1 composition Glutenin Glu-B1 composition Flour High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b1. Cookie Cookie spread factor CookSdF Spread factor The ratio between average height and width of cookies. tiller/m Grain NutE Nitrogen utilization efficiency as the grain dry mass in relation to the total amount of Nitrogen in above-ground plant at harvest. Grain Nitrogen utilization efficiency Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency Calculated from yield components sampling. SN Computation AwnLng Measurement Standard method for awn length. Leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis Leaf Asat Light-saturated net photosynthesis Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light. Grain weight per tiller Grain weight GWTTILL Tiller Grain weight per tiller. Standard method for awn color. AwnCol Estimation Moisture content of grain. Grain moisture content GMoi Grain Moisture content GluTyp Estimation Gluten type is determined based on gluten properties data (flour protein content, Alveograph W, Alveograph P/L) following Peña 2011: Wheat End-use Quality types. PH Measurement Measure the length of individual culms from soil surface to the tip of the spike (do not include awn) and record to the nearest centimeter. (Average of 4-10 plants/culms per plot). Standard method for grain phosphorus content. GPhos Measurement The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R675 nm wavelength. Leaf spectral reflectance 675 nm Leaf LeafR675 Spectral reflectance First node detectable time is when the stem starts the elongation or jointing period, first node becomes visible as it appears above the soil surface. FND First node detectable time Plant First node detectable time Standard method for leaf rust response. PrecoResp Estimation Spike Common bunt spike incidence Common bunt (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia species. TilSpSpkInc Common bunt spike incidence Standard method for grain iron content. GIron Measurement Rachis Rachis length Length Length of rachis. RachLng FND DS31 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to first node detectable. However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Alveograph value P Dough P value is the force required to blow the bubble of dough. it is indicated by the maximum height of the curve. AlvP Dough alveograph value P Standard method for screening grain size distribution <1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count6 Standard method for root disease development. RootDis Estimation Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. NDVI Canopy normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index Canopy degree C day 0-9 AWNS scale Double digit Estimation The method was improved by using two digits, representing the vertical disease progress and an estimate of severity. The first digit gives the relative height of the disease using the original 0-9 Saari-Prescott scale as a measure. The second digit shows the disease severity as a percentage but in terms of 0-9. Because it is difficult to evaluate diseases on dead leaves, disease notes should be taken when at least four leaves are still alive and green (soft to mid-dough growth stage). Then visually evaluate the average percentage severity on only those leaves of the uppermost four that are infected. In practice, the percent severity is estimated on an overall score. The following format is used for scoring severity: 10% coverage = 1, 20% coverage = 2, 30% coverage = 3, 40% coverage = 4, 50% coverage = 5, 60% coverage = 6, 70% coverage = 7, 80% coverage = 8, 90% coverage = 9. The score of 10 is not used. Standard method for sedimentation index. SedIdx Measurement Standard method for glume pubescence density. GlmPubDen Estimation Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Normalized difference vegetation index Canopy Canopy red normalized difference vegetation index RNDVI FLeafLWid Flag leaf lamina Width of flag leaf lamina. Flag leaf lamina width Width Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot severity Leaf Tan spot severity TanSpotSev Shattering Estimation Standard method for spike shattering. CiCa Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Strength Strength of straw. StrawStn Straw Straw strength g/100 grain TanSpotSdlgResp Estimation Standard method for scoring tan spot response in seedlings. Tilletia tritici incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TtritInc Estimation BYDInc Estimation Standard method for barley yellow dwarf incidence. CCI Hd DS55 date Estimation Record date of heading (DS55) when 50% of the spike is emerged (i.e., middle of the spike at the flag leaf ligule) on 50% of all stems. Iron content Grain Content of iron in grain. GIron Grain Iron content grain/spikelet Standard method for hessian fly damage. HesFlyDmg Estimation Peduncle Peduncle neck break Neck break NeckBreak Observation of spike break from the base of head. StrawCol Estimation Standard method for straw color. Number of days from sowing to terminal spikelet (DS25-30 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. TSpl DT Computation Standard method for spectral reflectance. RNDVI Measurement 1-9 STRAWBREAK scale It is measured during rapid spike growth phase. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Then, CRG is the production of biomass per day between initiation of booting and seven days after anthesis. Calculated as (Biomass 7DAA/m2 - Biomass InB/m2)/Days from InB to 7DAA. CGR Computation 1-3 GRNPLUMP scale Standard method for scoring tan spot response in adult plants. TanSpotResp Estimation Protein content FlrProt Total protein content (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in refined flour. Flour Flour protein content LRollSev Estimation Standard method for leaf rolling severity. Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a dark adapted leaf. FvDAFmLA measurement FHBSpkResp Estimation Standard method for FHB spike response. Number of stomata counted per unit area on the leaf surface. Leaf Leaf stomatal frequency StomaFrq Stomatal frequency Standard method for spike density. SpkDen Estimation In-season aboveground biomass Plant Aboveground biomass In-season All above-ground biomass at any developmental stage and/or at regular intervals from the emergence to physiological maturity. ISBM Standard method for straw yield. StrawYld Estimation Standard method for flag leaf lamina width. FLeafLWid Measurement Ant DS65 DT Computation Number of days required from sowing to when 50% of spikes have flowered (DS65). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Threshblty Spike Threshability (ease to thresh) is a score where several spike-related traits such as rachis fragility (brittle or non-brittle rachis) and glume tenacity (hulled or free-threshing). Spike threshability Threshability SN Measurement It can be easily and non-destructively measured during grain-filling (i.e., before physiological maturity) by counting in a given area or length of row. BirdDmg Estimation Standard method for bird damage. Measurement of leaf thickness. Leaf thickness LeafThk Leaf Thickness Standard method for wheat bacterial leaf blight severity. BLBSev Estimation BM Measurement Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. Simple ratio A vegetation index related with canopy structure, light absorption and photosynthetic capacity. Canopy simple ratio Canopy SR StmStrength Estimation Standard method for stem strength. TN Number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per unit area, sample or plant. Tiller number Tiller number Tiller Textile treatment is used to inhibit photosynthesis of the spikes through shading(comparison between control and treated spikes). Randomly selected spikes (for example: 12 spikes) per plot are covered with a special designed textile 10 days after anthesis under irrigation and drought or 10 days after heading under heat environments. Then, at physiological maturity the spikes are harvested together with 12 control spikes and the number of grains and weight are recorded and compared the treated spikes with the control ones (Sanchez-Bragado et al., 2016). SpkPho Computation Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.0 ? 1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count5 Boot DS39 date Estimation Record date of initiation of booting stage when 50% of the culms expected to produce spikes are between DS39 (Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible) and DS41 (Flag leaf sheath extending). 1-6 SPKTYPE scale g/l Growth class Plant Growth class GrwCls Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat. Color of straw. Color Straw StrawCol Straw color Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to leaf/stem/stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the following scale: 0-No visible infection. R-Resistant, necrotic areas with or without small pustules. MR-Moderately Resistant, small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas. M-Intermediate, pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis. MS-Moderately Susceptible, medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible. S-Susceptible, large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis. Adult plants rust field response Estimation Glaucousness Peduncle glaucousness Peduncle Glaucousness in peduncle. PedGlau Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. SpkGW Measurement Standard method for insect damage. InsectDmg Estimation SuPDmg Estimation Standard method for suni pest damage. GAmyloPec Content of amylopectin in grain. Grain amylopectin content Grain Amylopectin content Visual observation of grains size. GSize Estimation LeafThk Measurement Standard method for leaf thickness. Spectral reflectance The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R550 nm wavelength. Leaf spectral reflectance 750/550 nm LeafR750R700 Leaf SpkTyp Estimation Standard method for spike type. Seedling rust field response Estimation Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spike weight FHBSpkWt Spike Fusarium head blight spike weight PedLng Measurement Standard method for peduncle length. Standard method for coleoptile length. ColeopLng Measurement spike/m GNDVI Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Whole meal flour falling number WMFlrFN Indication of the amount of sprout damage that has occurred within a wheat sample. falling number value of 350 seconds or longer indicates a low enzyme activity and very sound wheat quality. as the amount of enzyme activity increases, the falling number decreases. Values below 200 seconds indicate high levels of enzyme activity. Whole meal flour Falling number 1-3 STMSOL scale Awn color Color AwnCol Awn Awn color. Plant Take all incidence Take all incidence Take-all incidence in the plants caused by the agent Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt). GgtriInc Standard method for gas exchange measurement. PhiCO2 Measurement Standard method for whole meal flour yellow pigment. WMFlrYellPig Measurement WtrLoggDmg Estimation Score the damage caused by waterlogging FlrYellCls Measurement 15).]]> SrolfResp Plant Southern blight response in the plants caused by the agent Corticum rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii). Southern blight plant response Southern blight plant response plant/plot Calculated with final biomass obtained /days to maturity. BMPR Computation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch response. StritResp Estimation SpkSterility Computation Standard method for sterility index computation. Grain GNUp Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain Nitrogen uptake Nitrogen uptake g/200 grain The wheat seed-gall nematode damage caused by Anguina tritici. Seed gall nematode damage SGNDmg Plant Seed gall nematode damage tiller/m2 infertile tiller/m2 TllrGW Measurement The weight of the grain taken per tiller. Dwarf bunt incidence TcontInc Dwarf bunt incidence Spike Dwarf bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia controversa. BM Plant Aboveground biomass at maturity All above-ground biomass at maturity. Aboveground biomass at maturity g/plot 0-12 Modified Cobb Scale delta 13C Biomass production rate Biomass Biomass production rate. Production per day BMPR Normalized water index 4 NWI4 Normalized water index 4 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Canopy normalized water index 4 Canopy ml Rarsa is an estimation of chlorophyll a content. Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a RARSa Canopy High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a1. Flour GluA1 Glutenin Glu-A1 composition Glutenin Glu-A1 composition TN Counting Count or calculate the number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per lineal meter, per plant or per square meter. Stay-green assessment is conducted through the growing season, starting with the onset of the senescence of the specific organ to be evaluated. StayGreen Estimation Standard method for dwarf bunt incidence. TcontInc Estimation Standard method for anther extrusion. AnthExt Estimation Tan spot seedling response Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot seedling response Seedling TanSpotSdlgResp HavenDmg Estimation Cereal cyst nematodes are more readily detected on seedlings than on adult plants. The roots of infested plants develop frequent branches and swellings (cysts). Stripe rust incidence Leaf PstriInc Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust incidence GHrd Grain hardness Grain hardness is used as a grading factor to determine the type of wheat. It is a key determinant for classification of wheat and end product quality. Hardness Grain Standard method for stomatal resistance. StomaRes Measurement Standard method for Septoria species incidence. SepSPInc Estimation Standard method for crumb structure. CrmStr Estimation Solidness Stem Stem solidness StmSol Solidness of stem. plant/m 0-9 DAMAGE scale Sawfly damage Sawfly damage Plant SawflyDmg The plant damage caused by sawfly, Cephus cinctus. L value Mat DS87 date Estimation Record date of physiological maturity (approx. DS87). It is estimated as when the grain reaches the maximum dry weight and the grain becomes viable. It is most easily determined in-field when 50% of the peduncles are ripe (i.e., yellow). A small sample of flour or ground wheat (1.0 grams) is weighed and placed in 25-milliliter glass-stoppered graduated cylinder. This is mixed with different solutions for some minutes and then rested. Finally, the volume of the sediment is recorded after 21 minutes. SDS-sedimentation determination Spike type Spike Type Shape characteristics of typical mature spikes. SpkTyp Plant Plant damage caused by frost. FrostDmg Frost damage Frost damage Glume Width of glume. Glume width Width GlmWid SaltTol Salinity tolerance Salinity tolerance Plant Plant tolerance to soil salinity. ErlVig Estimation Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. BM NIRS Computation Calculated as sum of straw Nitrogen content and grain Nitrogen content according to the biomass partition into straw and grain. FHBSplInc Spikelet Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence Fusarium head blight (scab) spikelets incidence caused by the agent fusarium spp. Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. GFPTT Computation s Grain screenings Screenings proportion Proportion of small grain passing through a sieve. Grain GScreen Standard method for glume width. GlmWid Measurement Flag leaf senescence Flag leaf Flag leaf senescence. Senescence FLeafSen TTA Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until anthesis (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. GrnSpk Computation The number of grains per spike can be measured independently by threshing a known number of randomly selected spikes per plot (10-20 spikes per plot) or can be calculated as: Grains per spike (GSP) = grains m2 / spikes m2. StmWSC NIR Measurement Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with NIRs. Normalized water index 2 Canopy normalized water index 2 Normalized water index 2 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). NWI2 Canopy RUET Computation Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. 1-3 GLMCOL scale g Plant Terminal spikelet thermal time TTTS Thermal Time from emergence to Terminal Spikelet (GS30). Terminal spikelet thermal time ?mol/m2/s PedGlau Estimation Standard method for peduncle glaucousness. GrwStg Zadoks Estimation Observe the growth stage or development stage (DS) of wheat plants using the Zadoks scale decimal code, based on 10 major stages, with each stage divided into sub-stages. PhiCO2 Leaf Quantum yield of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation. Leaf quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Amount (weight) of grains that was harvested. Yield Grain yield Grain GY GFP pct Computation Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. Standard method for herbicide damage. HerbicideDmg Estimation Calculated as the above ground biomass divided by the total soil Nitrogen. BMNUE Computation STRNUp Nitrogen uptake Straw Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole above ground straw. Straw Nitrogen uptake HailDmg Hail damage Plant damage caused by hail. Hail damage Plant 1-3 FLRYELLCLS scale Leaf R675 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R675. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. BM Computation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at the field presenting soil salinity and rate the tolerance. SaltTol Estimation NodeN Counting Standard method for node number. DnoxiDmg Estimation Standard method for russian wheat aphid damage. µm ppm Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains greater than 2.8 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass1 NIRS Fibre Measurement NIR calibrated DroughtTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under droughted condition and rate the tolerance. Calculated as biomass per unit of Nitrogen taken up. BMNUte Computation Hd DS55 days Computation Number of days required from sowing to spike emergence from the flag leaf (DS55). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Standard method for loose smut incidence. UtritInc Estimation Leaf R550 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R550. Grain number Grain number per spike GrnSpk Number of grains per spike. Spike Number of days required from sowing to physiological maturity (approx. DS87). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Mat DS87 DT Computation Yellowness Flour yellowness. Flour FlrYellCls Flour yellowness Indicates incidence of lodged plants. Plant Lodging incidence Lodging incidence Lodg 1-5 RELTPH scale Hd DS55 relative Estimation Assessment of heading (DS55) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust plant response PrecoResp Leaf Leaf rust plant response 1-5 TANSPOT field response scale Whole meal flour Whole meal flour ash content Ash content in flour. Ash content WMFlrAsh Plant BMNUtE Biomass Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency as the biomass in relation to the total amount of N in above-ground plant at harvest. Biomass Nitrogen utilization efficiency Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency 0-5 TANSPOT field response scale Leaf Soil borne mosaic incidence in the plants caused by the agent soilborne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv) which is vectored by Plasmodiophorid polymyxa graminis. SBMVInc Soil borne mosaic incidence Soil borne mosaic incidence Stem rust notes Stem rust notes Plant Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. PgramNote yyyymmdd Grain Gstarch Content of starch (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain starch content Starch content Grain Grain size. Grain size Size GSize Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B. Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B Measured in centimeters from the base of the spike to the tip excluding the awns (average of 6-10 random spikes in plot). SpkLng Measurement FnivLBInc Fusarium leaf blotch incidence Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). Fusarium leaf blotch incidence Plant PH Estimation Score a relative plant height to local check using 1-5 scale where 3 is used for the local check (1 = short, 5 = tall). Assessment of plant height compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. s/m Grain Germ Germination Proportion of seed that germinate under proper condition. Grain germination Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the straw at harvest. STRNUp Computation Stripe rust notes Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust notes PstriNote Leaf GLys Measurement Standard method for grain lysine content. Ant damage AntDmg The plant damage caused by ants. Ant damage Plant Standard method for tan spot incidence in adult plants. TanSpotInc Estimation LeafWid Measurement Standard method for leaf width. spikelet Calculated daily grain weight increase between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration. GFR Computation Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. RUE Computation TSpl date Estimation Record date of terminal spikelet stage (DS25-30 approx.). It is estimated as the date at which the final spikelet can be observed on the forming spike within the stem of the main culm, typically measured on around 3-5 plants per plot. It required a main tiller dissection and an observation of the apex on an optic magnifier. Canopy normalized water index 3 Canopy NWI3 Normalized water index 3 Normalized water index 3 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). num Spike SN Number Number of spikes (fertile culms) per unit area, sample or plant. Spike number Sampling for water soluble carbohydrate is often combined with in-season biomass sampling and partitioning. Ensure to plan sampling approach carefully to allow for maximal data collection/economy of sampling (e.g., data on partitioning weights can be collected on the same 20 culm sample). The leaf lamina and/or leaf sheath may also be analyzed for WSC separately, or not removed from the stem for ?whole stem? analysis. Lab analysis is performed by NIR or wet chemical method. StmWSC Measurement LeafPSSRb Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Rhizoctonia root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia solani. Plant Rhizoctonia root rot incidence RsolaInc Rhizoctonia root rot incidence Standard method for wheat blast severity. MgrisSev Estimation WMFlrAsh Estimation Standard method for ash content in whole meal flour. 0-8 Rust infection type Glutenin Glu-D1 composition Flour High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d1. Glutenin Glu-D1 composition GluD1 High throughput approaches to measuring ground cover are: visual assessment or digital analysis of photographs GrndCov Measurement RsecaSev Barley scald severity in the plants caused by the agent Rhynchosporium secalis. Plant Barley scald severity Barley scald severity HsatiLInc Spot blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (helminthosporium sativum). Leaf Spot blotch incidence Spot blotch incidence Canopy normalized water index 1 NWI1 Normalized water index 1 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Canopy Normalized water index 1 1-5 density scale Calculated as above ground biomass Nitrogen content divided by soil Nitrogen NupE Computation plant/ha Measured as weight by percentage of all matter remaining above a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots. GReten Measurement Boot DS45 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to booting stage (DS45). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. SpkPI Spike partitioning index. Partitioning index Spike partitioning index Spike joules PlntVig Estimation Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. Canopy photochemical reflectance index Photochemical reflectance index Canopy PRI Photochemical reflectance index is correlated with the de-epoxidation stage of the xanthophylls cycle, with zeaxanthin, and with radiation-use efficiency (filella et al., 1996). higher pri values indicate greater efficiency. Standard method for loaf volume. LofVol Measurement 0-9 AnthExt Awns Presence Standard method for awn presence estimation. Time between double ridge (approx. ds14) and anthesis (ds65). Reproductive period Plant Reproductive period RepP Flour SDS sedimentation index Is the result of dividing sedimentation volume by flour protein content. SedIdx Flour Sedimentation index Standard method for flag smut field response. UagroResp Estimation Stripe rust severity Stripe rust severity Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Leaf PstriSev True stem partitioning index TSPI Stem True stem partitioning index True stem partitioning index. 1-9 SPKDEN scale Leaf Maximal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. FmDL Maximal fluorescence intensity Leaf maximal fluorescence intensity Leaf LeafR750R700 The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R700 nm wavelength. Spectral reflectance Leaf spectral reflectance 750/700 nm Alveograph extensibility index It is the extensibility index of the dough. (p200/p)*100, p200: pressure (p) at 4 cm (l= 40mm) of the curve. Dough alveograph extensibility index Dough AlvIe Leaf R750/R550 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/R550. RootRot Estimation Standard method for common root rot incidence. FHBSpkInc Estimation Standard method for FHB spike incidence. Leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Leaf Chl Standard method for worm damage. WormDmg Estimation Semolina The semolina color. Semolina color Color SemoCol GScreen Measurement Measured as weight by percentage of all matter passing through a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots Flour Color FlrCol Flour color. Flour color TllrCapacity Estimation Standard method for tillering capacity. Leaf transpiration rate Leaf transpiration rate. LeafTR Leaf Leaf transpiration rate Standard method for content of deoxynivalenol or DON (vomitoxin) that is often associated with FHB (Fusarium spp.) infected grains. FHBDON Measurement node Grain filling period thermal time Grain filling period thermal time Plant GFPTT Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87) in thermal time. Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.8 ? 2.5 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count2 Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until initiation of booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTIB Computation Dry weight of spike(s). Spike Spike dry weight SpkDW Spike dry weight Content of protein (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Protein content Grain Grain protein content GProt Content of fibre (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Fibre content Grain fibre content Gfibre Grain Standard method for stem solidness. StmSol Estimation Variable fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FvDA Measurement Forage dry matter Forage dry matter. Plant Forage dry matter ForgDM mmol/m2/s L value is the extensibility of the dough before the bubble breaks. it is indicated by the length of the curve. Dough alveograph value L Dough AlvL Alveograph value L NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. Standard method for standard establishment. StdEst Estimation Spot blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (Helminthosporium sativum). Spot blotch severity Spot blotch severity Leaf HsatiLSev kg/plot Protein content in durum wheat semolina. SemoProt Protein content Semolina Semolina protein content Standard method for semolina yellow pigment. SemoYellPig Measurement 0-9 GRNAPP scale LeafWid Leaf width Width of leaf. Width Leaf Plant PH Height of plant from ground to top of spike, excluding awns. Plant height Height scale_of Stem rust (black rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. PgramSev Plant Stem rust severity Stem rust severity LeafPSSRa Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. GThk Measurement Standard method for whole grain thickness. PhotopResp Estimation Observe the tendency of flowering according day-length FHBSplInc Counting Standard method for FHB infected spikelets counting. Tillering capacity Tillering capacity Plant TllrCapacity An tillering capacity. InfertSpkN Counting The number of infertile spikelets (i.e., those NOT containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. 1-5 Phenological relative scale infertile tiller/m Yellow pigment content SemoYellPig Semolina yellow pigment content Semolina Semolina yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Chlorophyll content Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll b LeafPSSRb Leaf Standard method for screening grain size distribution >2.8 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R)machine. Image Analysis Screen Count1 Dough Dough alveograph value W Alveograph value W AlvW Dough strength by alveograph. W value is the area under the curve. it is a combination of dough strength (p value) and extensibility (l value). Width of whole grain. Width GWid Grain Grain width Zadoks or decimal code (00-99) 1-3 SEDVTR scale Standard method for snail damage. SnailDmg Estimation 0-9 scoring scale PstriInc Estimation Standard method for Stripe rust incidence. mm2 Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a soil presenting aluminum toxicity and rate the tolerance. AlTol Estimation Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. Seedling rust field response Estimation Leaf Leaf sheath partitioning index. Leaf sheath partitioning index LeafSPI Sheath partitioning index HtereInc Estimation Standard method for net blotch incidence. Standard method for Barley leaf rust incidence. PhordInc Estimation ColdTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at temperature lower than the optimum temperature and rate the tolerance. 1-5 incidence scale Calculated as the deviation from the yield-protein linear regression. GPD Computation FvLAFmLA measurement Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a light adapted leaf. stoma/mm2 PthornDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. µmol CO2/mol 1-4 HRDCLS scale Image Analysis Screen Count3 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.5 ? 2.2 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. 1-5 HRDCLS scale Standard method for Fusarium graminearum incidence. FgramInc Estimation Spike Fusarium head blight spike response Fusarium head blight spike response Fusarium head blight (scab) spike response caused by the agent fusarium spp. FHBSpkResp Severity of rust in spike is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. PstriSpkSev Estimation 1-5 LRoll scale Standard method for Fusarium wilt incidence. FoxiWilt Estimation 1-5 GHABIT scale Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch incidence. StritInc Estimation Calculated from shoots sampled seven days after anthesis and SPI is expressed as a ratio and can be calculated as SPI= (dry weight of spikes at anthesis+7/dry weight of the whole plants (shoots) at anthesis+7). SpkPI Computation GPlump Estimation Standard method for grain plumpness. 1-3 STDEST scale m LI Computation Measurement of the light intercepted by the canopy using a ceptometer as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. Chl Measurement The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ?chlorophyll concentration index? (CCI, ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on the flag leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles. FHBAUDPC Computation Calculate area under disease progress curve. Standard method for whole grain width. GWid Measurement NeckBreak Estimation Standard method for neck break. spike/m2 variable_of Infertile tiller InfertTN Number of infertile tillers per unit area, sample or plant. Number Infertile tiller number Spike Loose smut incidence UtritInc Loose smut incidence Loose smut incidence in the plants caused by ustilago tritici. cm2 Calculated as grain yield per unit of Nitrogen taken up. Nute Computation It is the torque measured during the mixograph test. MixTq Dough mixograph torque Mixograph torque Dough method_of 0-4 PRECO scale Observe winterkill of plants per plot and rate it. WKill Estimation Standard method for yield factor GYFac Computation Standard method for FHB grain incidence. FHBGInc Estimation