CIMMYT StayGreen_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STAYGREEN_1_5 MS moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible very poor (VP) 1 CIMMYT TllrGW_M_g Rosemary Shrestha ColdTol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla COLDTOL_1_5 CIMMYT 50 50 CIMMYT SpkSterility_Calc_pct STERIND_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 65 60% plant height affected, 50% coverage CIMMYT SEPSP_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SepSpSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT HNECRO_0_1 HNecro_E_0to1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MR moderately resistant (MR), small lesions surrounded by necrotic areas MR moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas poor (P) 2 IBD_yyyymmdd IBD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Boot_dateInit_ymd CIMMYT CIMMYT RSOLA_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RsolaInc_E_0to9pct TANSPOT_1_5__ADLTRESP CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TanSpotResp_E_1to5 ISBM_g_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_Calc_gm2 CIMMYT CIMMYT PGRAM_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PgramNote_E_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTTS DTTS_days TSpl_dto_day Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass4_pct CIMMYT FLeafA_M_cm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLEAFA _cm2 GrwCls_E_1to3 CIMMYT GROWTHCLS_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TGW_g Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TKW TGW GW_M_g1000grn THOUWT CIMMYT 2 good (G) 5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Yld_gm2 CIMMYT GY_gm2 GY_Calc_gm2 GRNYLD_g_m2 SawflyDmg_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CPYGM_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RepP_Calc_day CIMMYT REPPERIOD_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TANSPOT_0_5__SEEDRESP TanSpotSdlgResp_E_0to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT ISBM_M_gPlot ISBM_g_plot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AGRSCR_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AgrScr_E_0to9 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafPSSRa_M_Idx CIMMYT GERM_pct Germ_M_pct CIMMYT GermiTest_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla awned (conspicuous) 7 3 yellow (b>15) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Mat_date_ymd MATD_yyyymmdd MATD MATDATE Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StrawBreak_E_1to9 CIMMYT Luzie U Wingen JIC NUE_Calc_kgkgN Nitrogen use efficiency TanSpotInc_E_pct CIMMYT TANSPOT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafCID_M_delta13C CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAVESCID_delta InfertSpkN_Ct_SplSpk CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GFRTT_Calc_gCday Luzie U Wingen GFILLRATE_thermal_time JIC medium hard (MH) MH SGNDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ATRITDMG _pct CIMMYT attribute poor to fair (P-F) 3 ISBM_kg_ha CIMMYT ISBM_Calc_kgha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUB1_text CIMMYT GluB1_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI3_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI3_index CIMMYT TSpl_date_ymd CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TSD TSD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT StrawStn_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 11 10% plant height affected, 10% coverage susceptible to moderately susceptible 4 BSMV_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BSMV_E_0to9pct 5 medium Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Lodg_E_0to5pct CIMMYT LODG_0_5 GFibre_NIRS_pct GRNFibre_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC Oblong 3 CIMMYT UtritInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla UTRIT_pct__INC GRNYLD_kg_ha GY_kgha CIMMYT GY_Calc_kgha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Yld_kgha dense 7 CIMMYT ALUTOL_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlTol_E_1to9 very late (VL) VL 19 Seedling development , 9 or more leaves unfolded Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ForgDM_E_pct CIMMYT 5 50% coverage SH semi-hard (SH, 45-50) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla YELBER_pct CIMMYT GYellBer_M_pct 1 very low CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NODENO _num NodeNO_Ct_node Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Mat_relat_1to6 RELTMT_1_6 CIMMYT RELTMT CIMMYT ANT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Ant_dto_day DTA_days DAYSAN CIMMYT PLNTSTND_pl_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PlntStnd_Calc_Plntm2 FlrSDS_M_ml CIMMYT FLRSDS_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Wsurv_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Awns_E_0to9 AWNS_0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BLBSev_E_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CiCa_M_Idx CIMMYT R-MR resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) CIMMYT RachLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla THRESHBLTY_1_9 CIMMYT Threshblty_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 50% plant height affected, 20% coverage 52 5 severe HTERE_00_99__SEV CIMMYT HtereSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Luzie U Wingen JIC AGBMNitr_M_pct intermediate 5 TtritInc_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTRIT _pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrndCov_GS15_pct CIMMYT GRNDCOV_pct__GS15 PRECO_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT Amber 5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrProt_Kjl_pct CIMMYT FLRPROT_pct REPPERIOD_pct RepP_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HSATIL_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HsatiLInc_E_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass5_pct StrawYld_Calc_tha Luzie U Wingen JIC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HAILDMG_1_5 HailDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT HailDmg_N_T_S_M_V WMFlrFN_M_s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFLRFN_s Ant_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ANTD_yyyymmdd ANTD ANTDATE CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMRES_s_m StomaRes_M_sm CIMMYT stem softened with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem 8 LAI_index CIMMYT LAI_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WtrLoggDmg_E_0to9 H2ODMG _0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AwnCol_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 43 Booting, Boot just visibly swollen Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FgramSev_E_00to99 FGRAM_00_99__SEV CIMMYT CGR_Calc_gm2day Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_pct__CI CIMMYT PstriCI_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StomaSiz_M_um CIMMYT STMSIZ _um CIMMYT GgtriInc_E_pct GGTRI_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PrecoCI_Calc_pct PRECO_pct__CI 1 very lax CIMMYT GrwHabit_E_1to5 GHABIT_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFLRSDS_ml CIMMYT WMFlrSDS_M_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_Calc_gm2 BM_g_m2 CIMMYT CIMMYT WMFLRCOL_L_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrCol_M_Lvalue GFILLPERIOD_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GFP_calc_day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STRIT_pct__INC CIMMYT StritInc_E_pct FOLDIS_1_5 FoliarDis_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FolDis_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT GLUCON_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRGluCon_M_pct 0 insensitive CIMMYT EgramInc_E_1to5 EGRAM_1_5__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_pct__SEV PstriSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla grains/m2 CIMMYT GM2 GN_Calc_Grnm2 kernel/m2 KNO GNO GNO_grains_m2 CIMMYT HEAD DAYSHD Hd_dto_day DTH_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTH Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ISBM_Calc_tha ISBM_t_ha NWI4_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI4_index CIMMYT AntDmg_E_pct CIMMYT ANTDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HtereInc_E_pct HTERE_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RLNDmg_E_pct CIMMYT RLESDMG_pct GHrd_M_1to3 HRDCLS_1_3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Nitrogen utilisation efficiency Luzie U Wingen NutE_Calc_kgkgN JIC H hard (H, <45) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TestWt_M_gl CIMMYT TESTWT_g_l STMFRQ_num StomaFrq_Ct_stomamm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMFRQ CIMMYT FrostDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT FROSTDMG_1_5__SPK FrostDmg_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUB3_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluB3_M_text CIMMYT 2 very sparse to sparse AlvPG_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVPG_index CIMMYT CIMMYT LeafSPI_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla S soft (S) 37 30% plant height affected, 70% coverage 6 60% anther extrusion CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount2_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CropGrwRate_Calc_gm2day CIMMYT CROPGRWRATE_g_m2_day SEDINDX_ml_pct CIMMYT SedIdx_M_mlpct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PlntStnd_Ct_PlntPlot PLNTSTND_pl_plot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 81 Dough development, Very early dough (slides when crushed) StmWallThk_M_um CIMMYT STMTHK_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Ripening, Kernel hard (difficult to divide, 16% water) 91 TANSPOT_00_99__SEV CIMMYT TanSpotSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 30% plant height affected, 90% coverage 39 very hard (VH) VH StmWSC_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STEMWSC_pct CIMMYT 25 Tillering, Main shoot and 5 Tillers Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TILSP_pct TilSpSpkInc_E_pct CIMMYT 33 Stem elongation or jointing, 3rd node detectable PlntStnd_Calc_Plntha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLNTSTND_pl_ha CIMMYT SHATTERING_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Shattering_E_pct 0 No symptom of sharp eyespot 12 10% plant height affected, 20% coverage 26 Tillering, Main shoot and 6 Tillers 39 Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible 9 very high CIMMYT GReten_M_pct GRNRETEN_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_text CIMMYT PrecoNote_E_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 84 80% plant height affected, 40% coverage CIMMYT BM_kg_ha BM_Calc_kgha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla awnless 0 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLSSev_E_00to99 BLS_00_99 purple P Stem elongation or jointing, 5th node detectable 35 CIMMYT GLMPUBDEN _0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmPubDen_E_0to9 SNAILDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SnailDmg_E_pct CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafR750R550_M_Idx sparse 3 CIMMYT BirdDmg_N_T_S_M_V BIRDDMG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BirdDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HerbDmg_N_T_S_M_V HerbicideDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT HERBDMG_1_5 CIMMYT PlntStnd_Ct_Plntm PLNTSTND_pl_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNCOL_a_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GCol_M_avalue CIMMYT 0 none Fs_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhordInc_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHORD_1_9 CIMMYT CIMMYT FROSTDMGP_0_9 FrostDmg_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 50% (18.5% occupied by uredia) 50 RARSc_index CIMMYT RARSc_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Ripening, Overripe, straw dead and collapsing 94 GNDVI_index GNDVI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 0% (no uredia) 0 AnthExt_E_0to9 Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small lesions R CIMMYT BM_t_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_Calc_tha red to brown 2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DroughtTol_E_1to5 DROUGHTTOL_1_5 RELTHD_1_5 CIMMYT RELTHD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Hd_relat_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoSdlgResp_E_0to8 PRECO_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrnIron_M_mgkg CIMMYT GRNIRON_mg_kg Branched 2 TINDI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TindiInc_E_pct JIC NupE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen MR moderately resistant (MR), 9 to 11 % of infection Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla T1BL1RS_0_1 CIMMYT T1BL1RS_M_0to1 LeafPubLng_M_um LEAFPUBLNG _um CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI1_index CIMMYT NWI1_M_Idx 2 intermediate CIMMYT SpkGW_M_g Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HEATTTOL_1_5 HeatTol_E_1to5 sparse to intermediate 4 6 Mixed 49 Booting, First awns visible CIMMYT LeafThk_M_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFTHK_mm CIMMYT TN_Ct_TllrPlnt TNO_tll_pl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TLAEV_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TlaevInc_E_pct CIMMYT PSTRI_0_9__RESP PstriResp_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_M_cm CIMMYT CTD_Calc_C CIMMYT CTD_C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 100% (37% occupied by uredia) 100 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WKILL_1_5 WKill_E_1to5 4 Purple weak-tenacious (WT) WT RootRot_E_0to9pct CIMMYT ROOTROT_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AnthExt_E_pct Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT I facultative (intermediate) 70% plant height affected, 20% coverage 72 GFP_calc_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GFILLPERIOD_pct 2 very low damage SEMOPROT _pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SemoProt_NIRS_pct 80% plant height affected, 30% coverage 83 AlvL_M_mm ALVL_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrYld_M_pct FLRYD FLRYLD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_pct__GRNINC FHBGInc_E_pct CIMMYT 80% plant height affected, 80% coverage 88 CIMMYT EMERD Emer_date_ymd Emergence date EDATE Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EMERDATE EMERD_yyyymmdd RcereInc_E_0to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RCERE_0_9 SPKLNG_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkLng_M_cm very resistant (VR), average pycnidial density of 0-5% VR LEAFPUBDEN_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafPubDen_E_0to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEMOYELPIG_ppm CIMMYT SemoYellPig_M_ppm red R Seedling development , 4 leaves unfolded 14 W winter very poor to poor (VP-P) 1 CIMMYT INSECTDMG_1_5 InsectDmg_E_1to5 InsectDmg_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Flowering or anthesis, Flowering half complete 65 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AcdTol_E_1to5 ACDTOL _1_5 CIMMYT COLEOPLNG _cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ColeopLng_M_cm LMS light moderate susceptible UAGRO_1_8__RESP CIMMYT UagroResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla intermediate to dense 6 excellent (E) 9 CIMMYT GApp_E_0to9 GRNAPP_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhotopResp_E_1to9 PHOTORESPO_1_9 9 head prematurely ripened (whitehead) or plant collapsed with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem, or shoot killed as the ear emerges from the sheath with sharp eyespot lesions on the shoot 1 10% coverage Good 1 CIMMYT PGRAM_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PgramSdlgResp_E_0to8 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ETR_M_?molm2s1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_pct__SPKINC FHBSpkInc_E_pct FHBSpkResp_E_1to8 FHB_1_8__SPKRESP CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DROUGHTTOL_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DroughtTol_E_pct CIMMYT 0 GY_PctChk_pct YLDCHECK_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MIXTQ_pct_min Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MixTq_M_pctmin Days to emergence DTE DTE_days Emer_dto_day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SR_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SR_index white/red W/R CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmCol_E_1to6 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafR750R700_M_Idx CIMMYT Flowering or anthesis, Start of flowering 61 GHrd_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNHRD_pct CIMMYT MgrisSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 low to medium Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla INFERTNO_tll_m InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm CIMMYT 4 80% coverage CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount1_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TSPI_M_Idx StmWSC_Atrone_pct CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount6_pct Y heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf tip (Y) absent 1 5 50% anther extrusion StrawCol_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TTTS_Calc_Cday CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Lodg_E_1to5 CIMMYT LodgInc_N_T_S_M_V LODG_1_5 GLMGLAU_0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmGlau_E_0to9 low damage 3 high to very high 8 2 light-yellow (b 5 moderate FLeafLWid_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SIPI_M_Idx SIPI_index CIMMYT CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkPI_Calc_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Asat_M_umolCO2m2s1 CIMMYT NHI_Calc_pct JIC Luzie U Wingen Nitrogen harvest index 56 50% plant height affected, 60% coverage 93 90% plant height affected, 30% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AGRSCR_1_9 AgrScr_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StritSev_E_00to99 STRIT_00_99__SEV CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhordSev_E_0to12 CIMMYT PHORD_0_12__SEV CIMMYT StomaCond_M_mmolm2s STMCOND_mmol_m2_s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRN_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC GNitr_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GGTRI_1_5_INC CIMMYT GgtriInc_E_1to5 89 80% plant height affected, 90% coverage Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing MS R resistant (R), 1 to 8 % of infection 31 Stem elongation or jointing, 1st node detectable Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SaltTol_E_1to9 SALTOL _1_9 moderately susceptible 5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBAUDPC_Calc_pct CIMMYT FHB_pct__AUDPC INFERTNO_tll_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm2 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla VgP_calc_pct VEGPERIOD_pct ERLVIG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ErlVig_E_1to5 CIMMYT TN_Ct_Tllrm2 CIMMYT TNO_tll_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SrolfResp_E_1to8 SROLF_1_8 32 30% plant height affected, 20% coverage CIMMYT PGRAM_pct__CI PgramCI_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TllrCAPACITY_1_5 TllrCapacity_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 96 Ripening, 50% of viable seed germinates 0 absent 60% plant height affected, 80% coverage 68 X heterogeneous, random distribution of variable-sized uredinia on single leaf (X) Seedling development , 5 leaves unfolded 15 GLUTYP_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GluTyp_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EGRAM_00_99__SEV CIMMYT EgramSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CRMSTR_1_5 CIMMYT CrmStr_E_1to5 22 Tillering, Main shoot and 2 Tillers 20% coverage 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HavenDmg_E_pct CIMMYT HAVEN_pct 0 very poor (VP) 90% plant height affected, 40% coverage 94 70% coverage 7 2 medium CIMMYT RsecaSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RSECA_00_99__SEV CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhiPS2_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTIB Boot_dtoInit_day DTIB_days CIMMYT immune (0), no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection I poor to fair (P-F) 4 9 T tall (T) very sparse 1 CIMMYT GPlump_E_1to3 GRNPLUMP_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafPSSRb_M_Idx JIC GNUP_Calc_kgha Luzie U Wingen JIC Luzie U Wingen GPD_Calc_pct FlrFN_M_s CIMMYT FLRFN _s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EGRAM_1_9__INC EgramInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT EgramInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EGRAM_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_M_gPlnt CIMMYT BM_g_pl CIMMYT FvDA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla intermediate damage 5 CIMMYT LRollSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramSev_E_pct 51 Heading, First spikelet of head visible JIC Luzie U Wingen BMNUtE_Calc_kgkgN GluD1_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLUD1_text WMFLRYELPIG_ppm WMFlrYellPig_M_ppm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STRNitr_NIRS_pct JIC Luzie U Wingen CIMMYT RNDVI_M_Idx RNDVI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla light moderate LM acronym 38 30% plant height affected, 80% coverage DECODS GRWSTG_00_99 GrwStg_Zdks_00to99 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HI_index CIMMYT HI_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Germination, Water uptake (imbibition) started 01 CIMMYT PTHORN_pct PthornDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ISBM_kg_plot ISBM_M_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GCol_M_Lvalue GRNCOL_L_value CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Yld_tha GRNYLD_t_ha GY_Calc_tha GY_tha BTol_E_1to9 BORONTOL_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GYFac_Calc_num CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla YLDFAC_num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLeafSen_E_pct FLEAFSEN_pct FoxiWilt_E_pct FOXYWIL _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 highly susceptible Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CookSdF_M_Idx COKSDF_index 60% plants with broken straw 6 6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GThk_M_mm 3 purple to black 9 severe CIMMYT StritResp_E_0to5 STRIT_0_5__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RUE_Calc_gMJ JIC BMNUE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen MS medium soft (MS) CIMMYT GRNYLD_g_pl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_M_gPlnt 90% plant height affected, 10% coverage 91 FNDD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FNDD_yyyymmdd FND_date_ymd CIMMYT GluA1_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUA1_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLMLNG_mm CIMMYT GlmLng_M_mm Strong (S) S MS-S moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MixTyp_E_1to6 MIXTYP_1_6 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AtritResp_E_1to8 ATRIT _1_8__RESP soft (S, >55) S 80% plants with broken straw 8 90 90% (33.3% occupied by uredia) DR DRidge_dto_day DTDR CIMMYT DTDR_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla APHDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AphDmg_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Ci_M_umolCO2mol1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRYELLCLS_1_3 CIMMYT FlrYellCls_M_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBDON_M_ppm FHB_ppm__DON CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RodentDmg_E_pct RODDMG_pct NWI2_M_Idx NWI2_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 85 Dough development, Soft dough (firm, thumbnail mark not held) PgramSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_pct__SEV CIMMYT immune (I), 0 % of infection I PstriNote_E_text PSTRI_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AphDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT APHDMG_1_5 susceptible (S), pycnidial density greater than 40% S LeafTNecro_E_pct LEAFTNECR _pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla low 3 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RUET_Calc_gMJ very susceptible (VS), > 50 % of infection VS very dense 9 CIMMYT LeafWid_M_mm LEAFWID_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 28 20% plant height affected, 80% coverage AWNLNG _cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AwnLng_M_cm CIMMYT mid-strong 2 GRNPROT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GProt_Kjl_pct CIMMYT 90 90 R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules semi-spreading (SS) SS 2 90% plant height affected, 90% coverage 99 8 very high TCONT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TcontInc_E_pct CIMMYT 36 Stem elongation or jointing, 6th node detectable Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PhiCO2_M_Idx very poor to poor (VP-P) 2 3 Black Luzie U Wingen GRSA_M_mm2 GsurfA_M_mm2 JIC 2 trace (T) CIMMYT GSize_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSIZE_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLMCOL_1_3 GlmCol_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkDis_E_1to5 SpkDis_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT SPKDIS_1_5 DAYSMT CIMMYT DTM_days Mat_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MAT DTM PedGlau_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PEDGLAU_0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MixTim_M_min CIMMYT MIXTIM_min CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LI_M_pct SproutTol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPROUTTOL _1_9 CIMMYT moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR GSize_ScreenCount3_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BirdDmg_E_pct BIRDDMG_pct CIMMYT 1% (0.37% occupied by uredia) 1 24 20% plant height affected, 40% coverage 96 90% plant height affected, 60% coverage TTB_Calc_Cday CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 3 Poor 70% plants with broken straw 7 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RSpkGP_Calc_pct CIMMYT Boot_date_ymd BOOTD_yyyymmdd BOOTDATE Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BOOTD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SBMV_0_9 SBMVInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT PLOTGRNYLD_kg GY_M_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEPSP_1_5__RESP CIMMYT SepSpResp_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla highly tolerant 9 RELTMT_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RELTMT Mat_relat_1to5 CIMMYT Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis MR-MS VS very short (VS) 5 fair (F) 1 10% anther extrusion present 1 moderately susceptible (MS), average pycnidial density coverage of 30-40% MS 29 Tillering, Main shoot and 9 or more Tillers 89 Late hard dough (difficult to dent) S soft (S, >55) JIC GFILLRATE Luzie U Wingen GFR_Calc_gday low to intermediate damage 4 30% plants with broken straw 3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_1_8__ADLTRESP PgramResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PEDLNG _cm PedLng_M_cm CIMMYT Amax_M_umolCO2m2s2 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Seedling development , 8 leaves unfolded 18 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RELTPH_1_5 PH_E_1to5 CIMMYT Hd_date_ymd HEADD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT HEADD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HEADDATE LeafR550_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Anet_M_umolCO2m2s2 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LODG_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Lodg_E_1to9 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafTR_M_mmolH2Om2s1 5 Elliptical StmStrength_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMSTRENGTH_1_9 CIMMYT Booting, Boot swollen 45 low 3 43 40% plant height affected, 30% coverage CIMMYT PRECO_1_8__ADLTRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoResp_E_1to8 HSATIL_00_99__SEV CIMMYT HsatiLSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 40% plant height affected, 40% coverage 44 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Lodg_E_pct LODG_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT BM_M_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_g_plot WORMDMG_pct CIMMYT WormDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HailDmg_E_0to9 HAILDMG_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEPSP_pct__INC SepSPInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PEDPBD_0_9 PedPubDen_E_0to9 S Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones CIMMYT GluA3_M_text GLUA3_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderately susceptible, medium-sized uredinia that may be associated with chlorosis (3) 3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WI_M_Idx CIMMYT WI_index 4 40% anther extrusion 6 medium to high Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPKDEN_1_9 SpkDen_E_1to9 CIMMYT GRNSPK_num GrnSpk_Calc_GrnSpk Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNSPK grains/spike Tillering, Main shoot and 4 Tillers 24 GRNStarch_pct JIC Luzie U Wingen GStarch_NIRS_pct S susceptible CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ROOTDIS_1_5 RootDis_E_1to5 RootDis_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT BLB_00_99__SEV BLBSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla leaf is severely rolled 5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LRollInc_E_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount5_pct CIMMYT 1 unrolled, turgid Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass2_pct CIMMYT R Resistant (R) - Very light pycnidial formation. Some coalescing of lesions mainly toward the leaf tip and in older leaf tissue. CIMMYT GrnTllr_Calc_GrnTllr Rosemary Shrestha 8 CIMMYT SUPDMG _1_5 SuPDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla UTRIT_1_9__INC CIMMYT UtritInc_E_1to9 ALVP_mm AlvP_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT very lax to lax 2 Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass6_pct CIMMYT none 1 FLRCOL_a_value FlrCol_M_avalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 fair (F) fair to good (F-G) 6 ColdTol_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla COLDTOL_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StdEst_E_1to3 CIMMYT 5 fair to good (F-G) Kernel and milk development, Medium milk (milky liquid) 75 40 40 4 40% plants with broken straw Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvG_M_mm CIMMYT AVLG_mm HesFlyDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HESFDMG _pct CIMMYT 0 no visible infection (0) CIMMYT FHBSpkWt_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_pct__SPKW 8 good to very good (G-VG) CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_0_8__SEEDRESP PstriSdlgResp_E_0to8 CIMMYT GAmyloPec_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 80% plant height affected, 20% coverage 82 80 80 PstriResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_1_8__ADLTRESP CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FnivLBSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT FNIVLB_00_99__SEV 10% (3.7% occupied by uredia) 10 ALVPL_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvPL_Calc_Idx CIMMYT CIMMYT GCol_M_bvalue GRNCOL_b_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_m PH_M_m S susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTM_calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BMPR_Calc_gm2day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMLNG_cm CIMMYT StmLng_M_cm 20% plant height affected, 30% coverage 23 70 70% (25.9% occupied by uredia) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NDVI_index CIMMYT NDVI_M_Idx CIMMYT FNIVLB_pct__INC FnivLBInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT PSTRI_1_9 5 AlvW_M_joules CIMMYT ALVW_joules Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 weak very low to low 2 GCol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNCOL_1_5 GSize_ScreenMass3_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSCREEN_pct GScreen_M_pct CIMMYT H hard (H, <45) BYDInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BYD_pct R red CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EGRAM_0_5__INC EgramInc_E_0to5 70% plant height affected, 30% coverage 73 Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones S CIMMYT SNO_spk_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SN_Calc_Spksm2 HelSpSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HELSP_00_99 2 40% coverage CIMMYT LEAFGLAU_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafGlau_E_0to9 50% plant height affected, 70% coverage 57 medium 3 CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount4_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 74 70% plant height affected, 40% coverage SnodoInc_E_pct SNODO_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LOFVOL_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LofVol_M_ml no disease 00 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkPho_Textile_pct CIMMYT 07 Germination, Coleoptile emerged from seed AWNS_0_1 Awns_E_0to1 JIC Luzie U Wingen PGRAM_0_12__SEV CIMMYT PgramSev_E_0to12 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUD3_text GluD3_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GYPR_Calc_gm2day CIMMYT NPQI_index NPQI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramResp_E_0to5 FGRAM_0_5__RESP CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTIB_Calc_Cday CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW100_g GW_M_g100grn CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhordCI_Calc_pct PHORD_pct__CI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 50% plants with broken straw 5 5 very severe (V) 13 10% plant height affected, 30% coverage dense to very dense 8 highly susceptible 1 62 60% plant height affected, 20% coverage 40% plant height affected, 50% coverage 45 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHPRP_1_8__RESP PherpResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT 80% coverage 8 HRDCLS_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GHrd_M_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT PHORD_pct__SEV PhordSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SLA_M_m2kg1 CIMMYT 8 LeafGlau_E_1to5 LEAFGLAU_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT GRNZINC_mg_kg GZinc_M_mgkg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Stem elongation or jointing, Pseudo stem erection 30 >90% anther extrusion 9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GHrd_M_1to4 HRDCLS_1_4 CIMMYT 1 9 71 70% plant height affected, 10% coverage moderately resistant (MR), average pycnidial density coverage of 15-30% MR moderate 7 CIMMYT ArmyWDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ARMDMG_pct 64 60% plant height affected, 40% coverage 20% plants with broken straw 2 2 20% coverage DRidge_date_ymd DRD CIMMYT DRD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 90% plant height affected, 80% coverage 98 6 moderate (M) M Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNH20_pct CIMMYT GMoi_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RARSa_M_Idx RARSa_index CIMMYT FvLAFmLA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla low 3 one or more sharp eyespot lesions on upper (as well as lower) sheaths but no symptoms on the stem 2 highly tolerant 5 LEAFLNG_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafLng_M_cm CIMMYT 5 5% (1.85% occupied by uredia) V vitreous (V) 2 susceptible 77 Kernel and milk development, Late milk (more solids in milk) S Susceptible (S) - Moderate pycnidial formation, lesions coalescing considerably. 80% (29.6% occupied by uredia) 80 CIMMYT TTA_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 67 60% plant height affected, 70% coverage CIMMYT FmLA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrCol_M_Lvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRCOL_L_value CIMMYT SPLSPK SplN_Ct_SplSpk Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla spikelets/spike CIMMYT SPLSPK_num 90% plant height affected, 70% coverage 97 93 Ripening, Kernel loosening in daytime 40% plant height affected, 20% coverage 42 WKill_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKILL_pct CIMMYT Ripening, Secondary dormancy lost 99 9 very dense PnegleDmg_E_pct CIMMYT PNEGLE_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 70% plant height affected, 70% coverage 77 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSPL CIMMYT GrnSpl_Calc_GrnSpl grains/spikelet GRNSPL_num 32 Stem elongation or jointing, 2nd node detectable 3 poor (P) Immune (Imm) - No pycnidial formation, no symptoms or occasional hypersensitive fleck. Imm 6 intermediate to moderate 4 rolled leaf rim covers part of leaf blade 5 4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GWid_M_mm 6 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 4/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened VR very resistance Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PlntVig_E_1to5 CIMMYT PLNTVIG_1_5 STMSOL_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmSol_E_1to3 CT_M_C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CT_C CIMMYT W weak (W) 30% plant height affected, 30% coverage 33 GLMWID_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GlmWid_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLys_M_pct CIMMYT MS medium strong (MS) SEMOCOL_b_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SemoCol_M_bvalue CIMMYT HgramInc_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HGRAM_pct white W 41 Booting, Flag leaf sheath extending red/white R/W SpkTyp_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Mixed 6 71 Kernel and milk development, Kernel watery ripe (clear liquid) very poor (VP) 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_M_gPlot PLOTGRNYLD_g 2 early (E) Tillering, Main shoot and 7 Tillers 27 AGRSCR_1_5 CIMMYT AgrScr_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla R resistant (R), average pycnidial density of 5-15% 60% coverage 6 1 none 30 30 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DNOXI_pct DnoxiDmg_E_pct 5 intermediate moderate to high 8 very early (VE) VE 3 30% anther extrusion 5 100% coverage 03 Germination, Imbibition complete FrostDmg_E_pct CIMMYT FROSTDMGP_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 2 7 high 1 CIMMYT LODG_0_9 Lodg_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla strong 3 6 intermediate to high damage moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR 10% plant height affected, 90% coverage 19 FHBSpkResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_0_5__SPKRESP CIMMYT Flowering or anthesis, Flowering complete 69 CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass1_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSplInc_Ct_SplInfect CIMMYT FHB_num__SPLINC moderate (M) 4 moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some clorosis possible MS BLKPT_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BlkPtInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StrawYld_E_tha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmDia_M_mm STMDIA_mm CIMMYT Moderate 2 No visible infection on plants 0 3 awnletted (short) PrecoSev_E_0to12 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_0_12__SEV CIMMYT 58 50% plant height affected, 80% coverage 5 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 3/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened , nearly immune, no uredinia, but hypersensitive necrotic or chlorotic flecks present (,) 50% plant height affected, 50% coverage 55 I Intermediate (I) - Light pycnidial format ion. Coalescing of lesions normally noticeable towards the leaf tip and elsewhere on the leaf. semi-soft (SS, 51-55) SS CIMMYT GlmPubLng_M_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLMPUBLNG_um CIMMYT INSECTDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla InsectDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLeafLLng_M_cm CIMMYT BYDInc_E_0to9pct BYD_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BlkPtInc_E_pct BLKPT_pct 59 Heading, Emergence of head complete 6 40% (14.8% occupied by uredia) 40 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 2/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 4 37 Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf just visible Heading, ½ of head emerged 55 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TestWt_M_kghl TESTWT_kg_hl CIMMYT DTB_days BOOT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Boot_dto_day DTB CIMMYT GRNCOL_1_3 GCol_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 3 very good (VG) leaf has shape of a V 3 RARSb_M_Idx CIMMYT RARSb_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVIe_pct AlvIe_Calc_pct LeafPI_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla spring S No visible affection 0 10% plant height affected, 70% coverage 17 4 lax to intermediate Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HgramInc_E_0to9pct HGRAM_0_9 CIMMYT 20 20 FND CIMMYT DTFND FND_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTFND_days P purple 6 good (G) CIMMYT FgramInc_E_pct FGRAM_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GCID_M_delta13C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRAINCID_delta FoDA_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla solid 3 medium 3 early to normal (E-N) 3 4 dense I intermediate (M), pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis Luzie U Wingen JIC BMNUP_Calc_kgha 41 40% plant height affected, 10% coverage VgP_calc_day CIMMYT VEGPERIOD_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Germination, Radicle emerged from seed 05 Z Heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf base (Z) 7 high damage 1 very resistant, small uredinia surrounded by necrosis (1) very tall (VT) VT CIMMYT FvDAFmDA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 61 60% plant height affected, 10% coverage HI_Calc_pct CIMMYT HI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HR Highly Resistant (HR) - No or only occasional isolated pycnidia formed, particularly in older leaf tissue, hypersensitive flecking in younger leaf tissue. CIMMYT PRECO_0_4__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoResp_E_0to4 70 70 LeafR675_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Clavate 4 moderately Susceptible (MS), medium-sized lesions, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible MS CIMMYT WKill_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKILL_0_9 4 low to intermediate One or more sharp eyespot lesions on lower sheaths but no symptoms on the stem 1 CIMMYT SNO_spk_m SN_M_Spksm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NBREAK_pct CIMMYT NeckBreak_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderately susceptible to moderately tolerant 6 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FE_Calc_Idx CIMMYT 16 Seedling development , 6 leaves unfolded CIMMYT GPhos_M_mgkg GRNPHOS_mg_kg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TN_Ct_Tllrm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TNO_tll_m CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLRCOL_b_value FlrCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFlrAsh_E_pct Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis R 09 Germination, Leaf just at coleoptile tip Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTH_Calc_Cday CIMMYT 2 absent 0 0 No visible affection CIMMYT HtereSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEMOPROT _pct CIMMYT SemoProt_Kjl_pct PRECO_pct__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoSev_E_pct CIMMYT 87 Dough development, Hard dough (thumbnail impression held) dense to very dense 8 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkDW_Calc_gm2 CIMMYT 12 Seedling development , 2 leaves unfolded PV partly vitreous (PV) slight (S) 3 moderately susceptible (MS), 12 to 20 % of infection MS 80% anther extrusion 8 76 70% plant height affected, 60% coverage STRNUP_Calc_kgha Luzie U Wingen JIC susceptible 3 80% plant height affected, 60% coverage 86 0 No anther extrusion 34 Stem elongation or jointing, 4th node detectable low 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrCol_M_bvalue WMFLRCOL_b_value CIMMYT 73 Kernel and milk development, Early milk (liquid off -white) 80% plant height affected, 50% coverage 85 95 90% plant height affected, 50% coverage 92 Ripening, Kernel hard (not dented by thumbnail) 20% plant height affected, 90% coverage 29 FHB_index__SPLINC FHBSplInc_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT StmWSC_NIR_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GVtr_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEDVTR_1_3 CIMMYT CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FvLA_M_Idx 3 6 moderate to high 4 high 3 60% coverage MS moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible 54 50% plant height affected, 40% coverage semi-hard (SH, 45-55) SH FLRPROT_pct CIMMYT FlrProt_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FROSTDMGP_1_9 FrostDmg_E_1to9 CIMMYT ISBM_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrCol_M_avalue WMFLRCOL_a_value CIMMYT 28 Tillering, Main shoot and 8 Tillers tenacious (T) T immune, no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection (0) I 2 very low 7 high CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNDCOV_pct GrndCov_M_pct 87 80% plant height affected, 70% coverage 7 30% plant height affected, 50% coverage 35 GRNPROT_pct CIMMYT GProt_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRI_M_Idx CIMMYT PRI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SepSpResp_E_0to5 SEPSP_0_5__RESP CIMMYT Prostrate (P) P very low 1 2 highly susceptible to susceptible sparse 2 4 good (G) CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FoLA_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriSpkSev_E_pct PSTRI_pct__SPKSEV 0 no damage small 1 Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis MR-MS Fusiform 1 entity RsecaSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT hard (H) H good (G) 7 53 50% plant height affected, 30% coverage 3 intermediate susceptible (S), 21 to 50 % of infection S 90% coverage 9 none (N) 1 1 white (b<12.5) no visible infection (0) 0 Very susceptible (VS), large, abundant pycnidia, lesions coalescing extensively VS 7 good to very good (G-VG) 1 hollow Dough development, Early dough (elastic, dry and shiny) 83 60 60 Seedling development , First leaf unfolded 11 5 very good (VG) short (S) S 7 70% anther extrusion high 9 Red 2 10% plant height affected, 50% coverage 15 17 Seedling development , 7 leaves unfolded FmDA_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 10% plant height affected, 40% coverage 14 20 20% (7.4% occupied by uredia) very early (VE) 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW_M_g200grn CIMMYT GW200_g 95 Ripening, Seed dormant 3 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 1/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened intermadiate to dense 6 5 intermediate PrecoResp_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_1_4__RESP CIMMYT 92 90% plant height affected, 20% coverage 40% plant height affected, 70% coverage 47 moderately resistant, small to medium uredinia often surrounded by Chlorosis or necrosis, green island may be surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic border (2) 2 Germination, Dry seed 00 none 1 1 shrivelled (SH) 59 50% plant height affected, 90% coverage dense 7 resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) R-MR white W 7 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 5/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 60% plant height affected, 90% coverage 69 GFPTT_Calc_Cday GFILLPERIOD_thermal_time Luzie U Wingen JIC 60 60% (22.2% occupied by uredia) 10 Seedling development , First leaf emerged CIMMYT CHL_CCI Chl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla white 1 30% plant height affected, 40% coverage 34 2 leaf rim starts to roll 30% plant height affected, 10% coverage 31 30 30% (11.1% occupied by uredia) 97 Ripening, Seed not dormant low 2 4 normal, similar to local check (N) 1 spreading (S) S 63 60% plant height affected, 30% coverage medium (M) M 48 40% plant height affected, 80% coverage R Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis 36 30% plant height affected, 60% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_0_12__SEV CIMMYT PstriSev_E_0to12 BM_kg_plot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_M_kgPlot CIMMYT 21 Tillering, Main shoot and 1 Tiller large 3 VS very susceptible 9 very good (VG) 3 intermediate 75 70% plant height affected, 50% coverage 20% plant height affected, 50% coverage 25 Wheat ontology susceptible, large uredinia without chlorosis (4) 4 6 very late (VL) Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis MR 18 10% plant height affected, 80% coverage 27 20% plant height affected, 70% coverage 4 low to moderate 78 70% plant height affected, 80% coverage I intermediate (M), lesions of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis 5 severe 50% plant height affected, 10% coverage 51 46 40% plant height affected, 60% coverage 9 90% plants with broken straw 4 Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing MS 79 70% plant height affected, 90% coverage 1 trace 20% plant height affected, 10% coverage 21 MR Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis high to very high damage 8 S susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis 2 poor (P) 5 very dense resistant R fair (F) 3 22 20% plant height affected, 20% coverage No breakage 1 10% plant height affected, 60% coverage 16 3 lax very good (VG) 8 20% anther extrusion 2 10 10 Booting, Flag leaf sheath opening 47 early (E) E moderate M R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules 80% plant height affected, 10% coverage 81 very high damage 9 Heading, ¾ of head emerged 57 R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules 4 immune I not vitreous (NV) NV moderate susceptible MS 26 20% plant height affected, 60% coverage susceptible (S), large lesions, no necrosis or chlorosis S 5 late (L) 30% coverage 3 13 Seedling development , 3 leaves unfolded susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis S 2 very low 40% plant height affected, 90% coverage 49 erect (E) E 60% plant height affected, 60% coverage 66 98 Ripening, Secondary dormancy 3 SE semi-erect (SE) 7 moderately tolerant Tillering, Main shoot and 3 Tillers 23 40% coverage 4 high 4 late (L) L White 1 moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) MS-S Heading, ¼ of head emerged 53 MR moderately resistant 4 tolerant 20 Tillering, Main shoot only 8 tolerant One of the key quality parameters in the determination of durum quality referring to translucent or glass-like appearance when seeds are transversely sectioned and observed whether not vitreous/partly vitreous/vitreous. it is associated with high protein and hard grain. Vitreousness Grain Grain vitreousness GVtr BlkPtInc Estimation Black point incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of grain with black point symptoms. Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Anet Measurement It is measured during rapid spike growth phase. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Then, CRG is the production of biomass per day between initiation of booting and seven days after anthesis. Calculated as (Biomass 7DAA/m2 - Biomass InB/m2)/Days from InB to 7DAA. CGR Computation Ratio of tenacity (p, maximum pressure required for the deformation of the sample) and extensibility (l, length of the curve) of dough. Dough Alveograph P/L AlvPL Dough alveograph P/L Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia tritici (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). TtritInc Tilletia tritici bunt incidence Spike Tilletia tritici bunt incidence GlmLng Measurement Standard method for glume length. Stomata size. Stomatal size Leaf Leaf stomatal size StomaSiz Shattering Estimation Standard method for spike shattering. Standard method for take all incidence. GgtriInc Estimation GApp Estimation Standard method for grain appearance. g/day Hessian fly damage The plant damage caused by hessian fly, Maytiola destructor. HesFlyDmg Plant Hessian fly damage Length GlmLng Glume length Glume Length of glume. Bread Baking quality of flour describing bread loaf volume. Loaf volume LofVol Bread loaf volume Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the MCNEAL scale. Field response McNEAL Estimation % 0-9 Mc Neal scale Grain Fibre content Content of fibre (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Gfibre Grain fibre content Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.0 ? 1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count5 NPQI Canopy normalized pheophytinization index Canopy Normalized pheophytinization index can be used to detect chlorophyll degradation. Normalized pheophytinization index StmLng Measurement Standard method for stem length. PhotopResp Estimation Observe the tendency of flowering according day-length MIXOGRAPH determination AACC 54-40 A 1. A sample of 35 grams of flour on a 14 percent moisture basis is weighed and placed in a mixograph bowl, 2. Water is added to the flour from a buret and the bowl is inserted into the mixograph, 3. The flour and water are mixed together to form a dough, 4. As the dough is mixed, the mixograph records a curve on graph paper. Gluten type is determined based on gluten properties data (flour protein content, Alveograph W, Alveograph P/L) following Peña 2011: Wheat End-use Quality types. GluTyp Estimation PlntStnd Counting Counting the number of plant per area or row. g/100 grain Terminal spikelet time is when the last spikelet, the terminal spikelet, has been produced. Terminal spikelet time TSpl Plant Terminal spikelet time Standard method for winter survival. Wsurv Estimation HsatiLInc Spot blotch incidence Spot blotch incidence Spot blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (helminthosporium sativum). Leaf tiller/m Length of leaf. Leaf Leaf length Length LeafLng Appearance of a single grain. Grain appearance Appearance Grain GApp Glume Pubescence length Glume pubescence length on outer side of sterile glume. Glume pubescence length GlmPubLng BM Computation Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. 1-5 density scale TanSpotResp Tan spot plant response Leaf Tan spot plant response Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. TllrCapacity Estimation Standard method for tillering capacity. GIron Measurement Standard method for grain iron content. TanSpotSev Leaf Tan spot severity Tan spot severity Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Standard method for barley stripe mosaic virus incidence. BSMV Estimation 0-9 percentage scale Minimal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Leaf minimal fluorescence intensity Leaf FoLA Minimal fluorescence intensity SnailDmg Estimation Standard method for snail damage. Plant PherpResp Eye spot response in the plants caused by the fungal species Tapesia yallundae (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoide w-type) and Tapesia acuformis (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides r-type). Symptoms: the eye shape elliptical lesions forms on lower base of stem and lower leaf sheath. The eyespots are straw yellow in color from the middle and are surrounded by the greenish brown to dark brown rings. Eyespot plant response Eyespot plant response index Standard method for awn length. AwnLng Measurement Grain thickness GThk Thickness of whole grain. Thickness Grain Zadoks or decimal code (00-99) FlrYld Proportion of flour recovered during milling. Flour Yield Flour yield Area of the flag leaf lamina. FLeafA Flag leaf area Area Flag leaf Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. PthornDmg Estimation Grain germination Germ Germination Grain Proportion of seed that germinate under proper condition. RachLng Measurement Standard method for rachis length. Plant Establish StdEst Measurement of plant emergence and vigor in the field. Stand establishment 1-5 GLUTYP scale RUET Computation Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. AntDmg Ant damage Plant Ant damage The plant damage caused by ants. HesFlyDmg Estimation Standard method for hessian fly damage. Score a relative plant height to local check using 1-5 scale where 3 is used for the local check (1 = short, 5 = tall). Assessment of plant height compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. PH Estimation Calculated as sum of straw Nitrogen content and grain Nitrogen content according to the biomass partition into straw and grain. BM NIRS Computation Flag leaf senescence. Flag leaf Flag leaf senescence FLeafSen Senescence Falling number WMFlrFN Indication of the amount of sprout damage that has occurred within a wheat sample. falling number value of 350 seconds or longer indicates a low enzyme activity and very sound wheat quality. as the amount of enzyme activity increases, the falling number decreases. Values below 200 seconds indicate high levels of enzyme activity. Whole meal flour falling number Whole meal flour Leaf rust seedling response Seedling Leaf rust seedling response PrecoSdlgResp Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. 0-9 density scale Length Length of rachis. Rachis length RachLng Rachis Observation of awn type whether awnless/awnletted (short awns)/awned (conspicious awns). Spike awnedness Spike Awns Awnedness BMNUte Computation Calculated as biomass per unit of Nitrogen taken up. Bird damage BirdDmg Bird damage Plant The plant damage caused by birds. Cookie spread factor CookSdF Spread factor Cookie The ratio between average height and width of cookies. PrecoResp Estimation Standard method for leaf rust response. g/m2/day Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. GW Measurement Semolina Semolina color SemoCol The semolina color. Color m Septoria blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Leaf Septoria blotch incidence Septoria blotch incidence SepSPInc Score the damage caused by waterlogging WtrLoggDmg Estimation CCI Grain Moisture content of grain. Moisture content GMoi Grain moisture content yyyymmdd Ash content in flour. WMFlrAsh Ash content Whole meal flour Whole meal flour ash content µmol CO2/mol Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. WKill Winter kill damage Winter kill damage Plant Leaf BLSSev Bacterial leaf streak severity Bacterial leaf streak severity in the plants caused by the agent Xanthomonas translucens. The disease, called black chaff when on the glumes. Bacterial leaf streak severity SaltTol Plant tolerance to soil salinity. Salinity tolerance Plant Salinity tolerance Record date of first node detectable (DS31). It is easier to determine in the field than DS30. It is estimated in-field as the day at which the first node can be detected at approximately 1 cm above the tillering node. The observation is performed in the main tiller. FND DS31 date Estimation GY Measurement The weight of the grain harvested is registered on a scale, decide which method suit better for your objectives. In breeding trials, a sample area (rather than the whole plot) is generally used for estimating yield. Discard borders when combine harvest for a better estimation of yield. StmWSC Measurement Sampling for water soluble carbohydrate is often combined with in-season biomass sampling and partitioning. Ensure to plan sampling approach carefully to allow for maximal data collection/economy of sampling (e.g., data on partitioning weights can be collected on the same 20 culm sample). The leaf lamina and/or leaf sheath may also be analyzed for WSC separately, or not removed from the stem for ?whole stem? analysis. Lab analysis is performed by NIR or wet chemical method. Septoria blotch plant response Septoria blotch plant response SepSpResp Leaf Septoria blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. 1-4 HRDCLS scale Surface of whole grain. GsurfA Grain Grain surface area Surface area TlaevInc Estimation Tilletia laevis incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. Leaf Net blotch severity HtereSev Net blotch severity Net blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (Helminthosporium teres). 1-6 COLOR scale BlkPtInc Grain Black point incidence Black point incidence Black point incidence in the plants caused by the fungal species such as Helminthosporium sativum (Cochliobolus sativus), Alternaria alternata and fusarium spp. also black point symptoms are associated to physiological disorders. Semolina Semolina yellow pigment content Semolina yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. SemoYellPig Yellow pigment content GYPR Grain Grain yield production rate Yield production rate Grain yield production rate. Heading time Hd Heading time Plant Heading time extends from the time of emergence of the tip of the spike from the flag leaf sheath to when the spike has completely emerged but has not yet started to flower. SLA Measurement Leaf area of flag leaf or all laminas is measured. Then the leaves are oven dried at 60-70oC for 48h and the dry weight is recorded. Then, the specific leaf area is calculated as the ratio of leaf area to dry mass SLA= leaf area/dry mass. Content of phosphorus in grain. Grain GPhos Grain phosphorous content Phosphorous content BMPR Computation Calculated with final biomass obtained /days to maturity. StmDia Measurement Standard method for stem diameter. Pratylenchus neglectus damage Pratylenchus neglectus damage Root The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus. PnegleDmg Width Grain Grain width Width of whole grain. GWid Standard method for wheat blast severity. MgrisSev Estimation Standard method for spectral reflectance. LeafPSSRb Measurement SnodoInc Septoria nodorum blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Stagonospora nodorum (syn. Septoria glume blotch) (Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude (syn. Stagonospora nodorum). Plant Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Septoria nodorum blotch incidence The plant damage caused by sawfly, Cephus cinctus. Sawfly damage Sawfly damage Plant SawflyDmg cm2 Standard method for coleoptile length. ColeopLng Measurement Winter survival Winter survival Wsurv Ability to survive or withstand cold temperatures in the late fall, winter, or early spring. Plant RootDis Estimation Standard method for root disease development. Drought tolerance DroughtTol Plant Plant tolerance to drought conditions. Drought tolerance Iron content GIron Content of iron in grain. Grain Grain Iron content Flour GluD3 Glutenin Glu-D3 composition Glutenin Glu-D3 composition Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d3. PedGlau Estimation Standard method for peduncle glaucousness. text HNecro Plant Observation of hybrid necrosis. Plant hybrid necrosis incidence Hybrid necrosis incidence Spike Spike threshability Threshability (ease to thresh) is a score where several spike-related traits such as rachis fragility (brittle or non-brittle rachis) and glume tenacity (hulled or free-threshing). Threshability Threshblty Temperature The surface temperature of the canopy is related to the amount of transpiration resulting in evaporative cooling. Canopy temperature CT Canopy Leaf spectral reflectance 550 nm LeafR550 Leaf The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R550 nm wavelength. Spectral reflectance StmStrength Estimation Standard method for stem strength. SrolfResp Southern blight response in the plants caused by the agent Corticum rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii). Plant Southern blight plant response Southern blight plant response GW Weight Grain weight Grain Grain weight usually expressed as weight of single, one hundred, two hundred or thousand grains. Growth class Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat. GrwCls Growth class Plant Observation of grains dehiscence from spike at maturity. Spike shattering Spike Shattering Shattering mm Rhizoctonia root rot incidence RsolaInc Rhizoctonia root rot incidence Plant Rhizoctonia root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia solani. Rodent damage RodentDmg Plant Rodent damage The plant damage caused by rodent. Standard method for seed vitreousness. GVtr Estimation ArmyWDmg Estimation Standard method for armyworm damage. Forage dry matter Forage dry matter Plant Forage dry matter. ForgDM SuPDmg Plant Suni pest damage Suni pest damage The plant damage caused by suni pest (Eurygaster spp., sunn pest, suni bug). Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.5 ? 2.2 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count3 Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. LRollSev Leaf rolling severity Leaf Rolling severity Plant Emer Emergence time Emergence time Emergence time is when the first leaf appears above the soil surface. Stomatal frequency Leaf stomatal frequency Number of stomata counted per unit area on the leaf surface. Leaf StomaFrq Standard method for wheat bacterial leaf blight severity. BLBSev Estimation LeafPSSRa Leaf Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-a. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll a cm Leaf PstriNote Stripe rust notes Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust notes Awn length. Length AwnLng Awn length Awn Normalized water index 3 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Canopy NWI3 Canopy normalized water index 3 Normalized water index 3 Spike dry weight Spike SpkDW Spike dry weight Dry weight of spike(s). SN Computation Calculated from yield components sampling. g/degree C day Aphid damage The plant damage caused by various species of aphids. AphDmg Aphid damage Plant Root The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. Root lesion nematode damage Root lesion nematode damage RLNDmg The method was improved by using two digits, representing the vertical disease progress and an estimate of severity. The first digit gives the relative height of the disease using the original 0-9 Saari-Prescott scale as a measure. The second digit shows the disease severity as a percentage but in terms of 0-9. Because it is difficult to evaluate diseases on dead leaves, disease notes should be taken when at least four leaves are still alive and green (soft to mid-dough growth stage). Then visually evaluate the average percentage severity on only those leaves of the uppermost four that are infected. In practice, the percent severity is estimated on an overall score. The following format is used for scoring severity: 10% coverage = 1, 20% coverage = 2, 30% coverage = 3, 40% coverage = 4, 50% coverage = 5, 60% coverage = 6, 70% coverage = 7, 80% coverage = 8, 90% coverage = 9. The score of 10 is not used. Double digit Estimation PlntVig Estimation Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. ISBM Computation Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. FmDA Measurement Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. Standard method for flag leaf lamina width. FLeafLWid Measurement spike/m2 Leaf Septoria blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. SepSpSev Septoria blotch severity Septoria blotch severity FHBAUDPC Computation Calculate area under disease progress curve. Spike Tilletia laevis bunt incidence TlaevInc Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia laevis (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). Tilletia laevis bunt incidence Fusarium graminearum plant response Fusarium graminearum plant response Spike Fusarium graminearum response in the plants. FgramResp Grain number per spike Spike GrnSpk Number of grains per spike. Grain number Protein content Flour protein content FlrProt Total protein content (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in refined flour. Flour grain/m2 StomaRes Stomatal resistance Leaf Leaf stomatal resistance Resistance to diffusion of water vapor through a plant stomata. Amount (weight) of straw. Straw Straw yield Yield StrawYld Canopy normalized water index 2 Normalized water index 2 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). NWI2 Canopy Normalized water index 2 Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. RLNDmg Estimation kg/plot Lysine content of the kernel/grain. Lysine content GLys Grain lysine content Grain Standard method for spectral reflectance. LeafPSSRa Measurement FLeafA Measurement Standard method for flag leaf area. Grain GCol Grain color Color Grain color. Glume glaucousness Glaucousness Glume GlmGlau Glaucousness in glume. It is the rate of dry matter production per unit area. Crop growth rate Biomass production Plant CGR day Aboveground biomass at maturity Plant All above-ground biomass at maturity. Aboveground biomass at maturity BM Glaucousness in peduncle. Peduncle Peduncle glaucousness Glaucousness PedGlau Standard method for karnal bunt incidence. TindiInc Estimation mmol/m2/s The number of infertile spikelets (i.e., those NOT containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. InfertSpkN Counting Canopy Canopy green normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. GNDVI Rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide through the stomata. Stomatal conductance Leaf stomatal conductance Leaf StomaCond Above ground biomass nitrogen content Plant BMNitr Nitrogen content Nitrogen content of the above ground biomass. Canopy spectral reflectance Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Spike Sterility SpkSterility Spike sterility observed as infertile florets. Spike sterility index StritInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch incidence. GPlump Estimation Standard method for grain plumpness. Leaf Leaf spectral reflectance 750/550 nm The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R550 nm wavelength. Spectral reflectance LeafR750R700 Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll b Leaf Chlorophyll content LeafPSSRb 1-3 STMSOL scale Stem StmWallThk Stem wall thickness Stem wall thickness. Wall thickness Minolta Chroma Meter Test Measurement of flour/whole meal/grain color with the Minolta chromameter, L value represents whiteness, a* value (reddishness) represents red and green colors and b* value (yellowness) represents yellow and blue colors. Using the Minolta Chroma Meter Test: 1. A sample of flour/whole meal/grain is placed on the granular materials attachment and compacted, 2. The Minolta Chroma Meter is inserted into the granular materials attachment, 3. Measurements are taken and recorded, 4.Color results are reported in terms of 3-dimensional color values based on the following rating scale: L* value whiteness: 100 white, 0 black, a* value positive +60 red color, negative values -60 green color, b* value positive +60 yellow color, negative values -60 blue color. Canopy temperature depression Canopy CTD Temperature depression Difference between ambient temperature and canopy temperature. 1-5 Septoria response scale FHBSpkResp Estimation Standard method for FHB spike response. Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) severity in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). FnivLBSev Plant Fusarium leaf blotch severity Fusarium leaf blotch severity Rapid spike growth period Rapid spike growth period. Grain Filling duration Canopy RSpkGP Record date of heading (DS55) when 50% of the spike is emerged (i.e., middle of the spike at the flag leaf ligule) on 50% of all stems. Hd DS55 date Estimation Spike SpkDis The plant damage caused by spike diseases. Spike disease development Spike disease development 1-5 incidence scale LeafSPI Computation Leaf Sheath Coefficient = Leaf Sheath DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf sheath is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. stoma/mm2 Fusarium head blight AUDPC Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. FHBAUDPC Fusarium head blight AUDPC Spike StayGreen Stay green Canopy Ability of the plant to remain/maintain green leaves, stems and spikes at the time of senescing. Canopy stay green Capacity of a seedling or plant to grow vegetatively in early stages of development. Early vigour Plant early vigour ErlVig Plant ml StmWSC Atrone Measurement Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with chemical method Antrone. Canopy simple ratio A vegetation index related with canopy structure, light absorption and photosynthetic capacity. Canopy SR Simple ratio mg/kg Standard method for sterility index computation. SpkSterility Computation Plant Flag smut plant response Flag smut plant response UagroResp Flag smut disease response in the plants caused by the agent Urocystic agropyri causing flag smut disease. Yellow berry incidence Grain yellow berry incidence Refers to grains showing chalky or starchy endosperm areas. Grain GYellBer PhotopResp Plant Plant photoperiod response Photoperiod response Extent to which long days hasten flowering. Plant First node detectable time First node detectable time FND First node detectable time is when the stem starts the elongation or jointing period, first node becomes visible as it appears above the soil surface. Boot DS39 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to initiation of booting (DS39-DS41). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. HavenDmg Cyst nematode damage Root The wheat cyst nematode damage caused by cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae. Cyst nematode damage PherpResp Estimation Standard method for eye spot field response. Fusarium head blight (scab) spikelets incidence caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence FHBSplInc Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence Spikelet Standard method for whole grain thickness. GThk Measurement Standard method for Septoria species response. SepSpResp Estimation Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b RARSb Canopy Rarsb is an estimation of chlorophyll b content. Grain Carbon isotope discrimination GCID Grain carbon isotope discrimination Grain carbon isotope discrimination at maturity from drought trials provides genotypic effects most likely to be related to transpiration rate or an integrative measurement of stomatal conductance. Calculated as the index (ratio) of infected spikelets over total number of spikelets by Calonectria nivalis (Fusarium nivale, F. graminearum) causing scab disease in spike. FHBSplInc Computation Adult plants rust field response Estimation Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to leaf/stem/stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the following scale: 0-No visible infection. R-Resistant, necrotic areas with or without small pustules. MR-Moderately Resistant, small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas. M-Intermediate, pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis. MS-Moderately Susceptible, medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible. S-Susceptible, large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis. Standard method for stomatal resistance. StomaRes Measurement FLeafLWid Flag leaf lamina width Width of flag leaf lamina. Flag leaf lamina Width Plant The disease severity in the plants caused by the agent Helminthosporium species. Helminthosporium species severity Helminthosporium species severity HelSpSev Pubescence density Leaf Leaf hairiness density. LeafPubDen Leaf pubescence density Plant Thermal Time from emergence to Booting (GS45). Booting thermal time TTB Booting thermal time 1-9 PHOTORESP scale Standard method for whole grain length. GLng Measurement Number InfertSpkN Infertile spike number Spike Number of infertile spikelet per spike. Dough Time required for the dough development from beginning of mixing flour and water to the dough reaches maximum consistency (peak). MixTim Mixograph mixing time Dough Mixograph mixing time Fusarium head blight DON content Fusarium head blight DON content Grain Content of deoxynivalenol or don (vomitoxin) that is often associated with fhb (fusarium spp.) infected grains. FHBDON Grain Nitrogen utilization efficiency Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency NutE Grain Nitrogen utilization efficiency as the grain dry mass in relation to the total amount of Nitrogen in above-ground plant at harvest. 0-9 GRNAPP scale HeatTol Plant tolerance to heat conditions. Heat tolerance Heat tolerance Plant Leaf Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. PrecoCI FHBSpkWt Fusarium head blight spike weight Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spike weight Spike GFRTT Computation Calculated grain weight increase per degree day with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Leaf A physiological phenomenon caused by hot, dry and windy weather. the whole tip of the flag leaf tends to be necrotic and will often fold over. leaf tip necrosis progresses from the margins of the flag leaf tip and lower leaves as well show some signs of it. leaf tip necrosis is observed to some extent in all wheat varieties containing the leaf rust gene resistance gene lr34. Leaf tip necrosis incidence LeafTNecro Tip necrosis BMNUp Plant Uptake of Nitrogen in the above ground biomass at maturity. Nitrogen uptake Above ground biomass nitrogen uptake NUE Nitrogen use efficiency Grain The grain dry mass (grain yield) production per Nitrogen available to a plant. Nitrogen Use Efficiency Whole meal flour Whole meal flour color Color The whole meal flour color. WMFlrCol WKill Estimation Observe winterkill of plants per plot and rate it. Width Glume width Width of glume. GlmWid Glume Calculate number of plant per area. PlntStnd Computation Marvin method for whole surface area. GSurfA_Measurement Standard method for stem wall thickness. StmWallThk Measurement PgramSdlgResp Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Stem rust seedling response Seedling Stem rust seedling response SplN Counting Both the total number of spikelets and the number of fertile spikelets (i.e., those containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. When sampling large numbers of samples or plots, time may be saved by randomly counting one side of the spike and multiplying by two. GlmPubDen Estimation Standard method for glume pubescence density. TanSpotResp Estimation Standard method for scoring tan spot response in adult plants. Pratylenchus thornei damage Root PthornDmg The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei. Pratylenchus thornei damage 1-5 TOL scale Awns Presence Standard method for awn presence estimation. Plant The growth habit of the plant whether erect/semi-erect/semi-spreading/spreading/prostrate. Plant growth habit GrwHabit Growth habit 1-5 HRDCLS scale Common bunt spike incidence Common bunt (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia species. Common bunt spike incidence TilSpSpkInc Spike 1-9 STRAWBREAK scale GrwStg Growth stage Growth stage Plant Growth/developmental stages based on Zadoks decimal code. TSpl date Estimation Record date of terminal spikelet stage (DS25-30 approx.). It is estimated as the date at which the final spikelet can be observed on the forming spike within the stem of the main culm, typically measured on around 3-5 plants per plot. It required a main tiller dissection and an observation of the apex on an optic magnifier. Number Grain Grain number Number of grains expressed as per unit area or sample. GN Grain yield Yield Amount (weight) of grains that was harvested. GY Grain GHrd Grain Grain hardness Hardness Grain hardness is used as a grading factor to determine the type of wheat. It is a key determinant for classification of wheat and end product quality. SplN Spikelet Number Spikelet number Number of spikelets per spike. Assessment of heading (DS55) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Hd DS55 relative Estimation Anther extrusion AnthExt Extrusion of anthers. Anther Anther extrusion scale_of Flour color Flour FlrCol Flour color. Color GPD Computation Calculated as the deviation from the yield-protein linear regression. RsecaSev Estimation Standard method for barley scald blight severity. Spike partitioning index. Spike Spike partitioning index SpkPI Partitioning index Barley stripe mosaic incidence in the plants caused by barley stripe mosaic virus. Barley stripe mosaic incidence Plant BSMV Barley stripe mosaic incidence Variable fluorescence measured in the leaf. Variable fluorescence Leaf Leaf variable fluorescence FvLA TllrGW Measurement The weight of the grain taken per tiller. 0-8 Rust infection type Plant Common root rot incidence RootRot Common root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agents Cochliobolus sativus, fusarium spp., and Pythium species. Common root rot incidence Snail damage SnailDmg The plant damage caused by snails. Snail damage Plant MgrisSev Wheat blast severity Wheat blast severity in the spikes caused by the agent Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: It can infect all above-ground parts of the wheat plant, but head blast, resembling Fusarium head blight in appearance, is the most common symptom in the field. Infected spikes become bleached and produce small shriveled seed or none at all. Spike Wheat blast severity Leaf Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II Quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII. PhiPS2 Quantum yield of photosystem II Measure the length of individual culms from soil surface to the tip of the spike (do not include awn) and record to the nearest centimeter. (Average of 4-10 plants/culms per plot). PH Measurement Normalized water index 1 NWI1 Normalized water index 1 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Canopy normalized water index 1 Canopy Canopy SIPI Canopy structural independent pigment index Structural independent pigment index Structural independent pigment index uses wavelengths showing the best semi-empirical estimation of the carotenoid chlorophyll a ratio (car:chla ratio), and its formulation minimizes the disrupting effects of leaf surface and mesophyll structure. Dough mixograph torque MixTq It is the torque measured during the mixograph test. Mixograph torque Dough BYDInc Estimation Standard method for barley yellow dwarf incidence. GluB3 Flour Glutenin Glu-B3 composition Glutenin Glu-B3 composition Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b3. Plant damage caused by hail. Plant Hail damage HailDmg Hail damage StmCol Color Stem Color of the stems. Stem color 1-5 Phenological relative scale 1-3 GRNPLUMP scale Standard method for bird damage. BirdDmg Estimation Grain Grain plumpness GPlump The degree of endosperm filling. Plumpness Grain Grain retention Retention proportion Proportion of big grain remaining above the sieve. GReten TTM Thermal Time from emergence to Physiological Maturity (GS87). Physiological maturity thermal time Physiological maturity thermal time Plant Leaf R750/R700 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/700. 1-3 STDEST scale Glutenin Glu-D1 composition GluD1 Flour High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d1. Glutenin Glu-D1 composition LI Canopy light interception Light energy intercepted by the canopy. Canopy Light interception Number of days required from sowing to spike emergence from the flag leaf (DS55). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Hd DS55 days Computation 1-5 GRNCOL scale Flour Sedimentation index Flour SDS sedimentation index SedIdx Is the result of dividing sedimentation volume by flour protein content. Grain Fusarium head blight grain incidence Fusarium head blight grain incidence FHBGInc Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Ci Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration. Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Leaf degree C day LeafThk Measurement Standard method for leaf thickness. Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. ETR Measurement Standard method for dwarf bunt incidence. TcontInc Estimation WormDmg Plant Worm damage The plant damage caused by worms. Worm damage Nitrogen content Straw Nitrogen content Straw Nitrogen content of the above ground straw biomass. STRNitr A small sample of flour or ground wheat (1.0 grams) is weighed and placed in 25-milliliter glass-stoppered graduated cylinder. This is mixed with different solutions for some minutes and then rested. Finally, the volume of the sediment is recorded after 21 minutes. SDS-sedimentation determination Glaucousness in leaf. Leaf LeafGlau Leaf glaucousness Glaucousness LAI Computation LAI can be determined directly by taking a sample of canopy from a plant canopy, measuring the leaf area per sample plot with an area meter or image scanner and dividing it by the plot land surface area. Indirect methods use ceptometer to measure canopy geometry or light extinction and relate it to LAI. (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2). 1-8 rust field response scale Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/R550. Leaf R750/R550 Measurement StritResp Septoria tritici blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Septoria tritici blotch plant response Septoria tritici blotch plant response Plant Leaf spectral reflectance 750/700 nm LeafR750R700 The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R700 nm wavelength. Spectral reflectance Leaf g/plant TanSpotInc Estimation Standard method for tan spot incidence in adult plants. Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under droughted condition and rate the tolerance. DroughtTol Estimation Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R675. Leaf R675 Measurement Sample as for spikelets per spike randomly select 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the spikelets, thresh, count grains, and calculate, or less accurately simply calculate from calculated grains per spike and measured spikelet number. GrnSpl Computation Leaf pubescence length LeafPubLng Leaf pubescent length. Pubescence length Leaf GrndCov Crop ground cover, or the percentage of soil surface covered by plant foliage. Ground cover Plant Crop ground cover FolDis Foliar disease development The plant damage caused by foliar diseases. Foliar disease development Leaf Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.2 ? 2.0 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count4 FnivLBInc Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). Plant Fusarium leaf blotch incidence Fusarium leaf blotch incidence 1-9 incidence scale ColdTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at temperature lower than the optimum temperature and rate the tolerance. Dough alveograph extensibility index It is the extensibility index of the dough. (p200/p)*100, p200: pressure (p) at 4 cm (l= 40mm) of the curve. Dough AlvIe Alveograph extensibility index SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis (1BL1RS) Detect in the SDS-PAGE gel the presence of some protein bands from rye chromosome translocation. Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). GFP Plant Grain filling period Grain filling period Amount of straw breakage. Straw breakage Breakage StrawBreak Straw RodentDmg Estimation Standard method for rodent damage. Standard method for leaf pubescence density. LeafPubDen Estimation Image Analysis Screen Mass6 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that are below 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. LeafTR Measurement Leaf rust plant response Leaf PrecoResp Leaf rust plant response Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. 1-9 general scale Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Stem True stem partitioning index TSPI True stem partitioning index True stem partitioning index. ppm Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTB Computation Protein content in durum wheat semolina. Semolina protein content Protein content Semolina SemoProt Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. GFP days Computation Leaf Maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured in the leaf. Leaf maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry FvLAFmLA Standard method for russian wheat aphid damage. DnoxiDmg Estimation Anthesis time Plant Anthesis time Ant Anthesis or flowering time is the period during which a flower is fully open and functional. pollination and fertilization occur during this period. Standard method for sawfly damage. SawflyDmg Estimation SpkLng Measurement Measured in centimeters from the base of the spike to the tip excluding the awns (average of 6-10 random spikes in plot). TtritInc Estimation Tilletia tritici incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. Record date of when 50% of seedlings have emerged (DS10). Emer DS10 date Estimation µm StomaSiz Measurement Standard method for stomatal size. Observation of spike break from the base of head. Peduncle neck break NeckBreak Peduncle Neck break Standard method for ash content in whole meal flour. WMFlrAsh Estimation Leaf quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Quantum yield of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation. PhiCO2 Quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Leaf AnthExt Estimation Standard method for anther extrusion. Whole meal flour SDS sedimentation SDS-sedimentation volume WMFlrSDS Testing of whole-meal flour quality by SDS-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. Whole meal flour Length Length of whole grain. Grain GLng Grain length kg/kg N Karnal bunt incidence Karnal bunt incidence Spike TindiInc Karnal bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia indica (syn. Neovossia indica). Acid soil tolerance AcdTol Plant tolerance to acid soil. Acid soil tolerance Plant Deviation from the grain yield -grain protein linear regression. GPD Grain Protein Deviation Grain protein deviation Plant plant/plot GFR Computation Calculated daily grain weight increase between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration. Seed gall nematode damage Plant SGNDmg The wheat seed-gall nematode damage caused by Anguina tritici. Seed gall nematode damage PhordCI Leaf Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection Barley leaf rust incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. t/ha Leaf LeafPI Leaf lamina partitioning index Lamina partitioning index Leaf lamina partitioning index. GlmWid Measurement Standard method for glume width. joules InfertTN Counting Count the number of infertile tillers. Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch response. StritResp Estimation Septoria tritici blotch severity Septoria tritici blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Plant Septoria tritici blotch severity StritSev T1BL1RS Translocation 1BL/1RS Absence/Presence The 1bl/1rs translocation in wheat resulted from replacing the short arm of the chromosome 1b of wheat by the short arm of the chromosome 1r of rye (Secale cereale l.). Translocation 1BL/1RS Boron tolerance Plant BTol Plant tolerance to high levels of soil boron. Boron tolerance Water soluble carbohydrate content Stem water soluble carbohydrate Stem StmWSC Water soluble carbohydrates accumulate up to and around anthesis and are partitioned to the stem, from where they are later available as a reservoir for remobilization to the developing grains. These reserves are an important source of carbon for grain filling. Standard method for ant damage. AntDmg Estimation SrolfResp Estimation Standard method for southern blight response. PstriInc Estimation Standard method for Stripe rust incidence. Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence HgramInc Barley helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence in the plants caused by the agent Drechslera graminea (helminthosporium gramineum). Leaf Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence plant/m TestWt Test weight Grain test weight Test weight or specific weight is the weight of a fixed volume of clean grains. Grain Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Stem rust coefficient of infection Stem rust coefficient of infection Plant PgramCI ColeopLng Coleoptile Length Coleoptile length Length of coleoptile (a protective sheath that surrounds the shoot tip and the embryonic leaves of the young shoot of grasses). DR DT Computation Number of days from sowing to double ridge (DS14-15 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Dwarf bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia controversa. Dwarf bunt incidence Spike Dwarf bunt incidence TcontInc FrostDmg Estimation Score the damage caused by frost per plot. min Tillering capacity Plant Tillering capacity An tillering capacity. TllrCapacity Standard method for Fusarium graminearum response. FgramResp Estimation The response of a cultivar or genotype is expressed on a score 1-9, where 1= highly susceptible and 9 = highly tolerant, based on the extent of bronze colored necrosis of leaf tips extending down the leaf margins BTol Estimation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until initiation of booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTIB Computation 1-5 DMG scale Fusarium head blight spike incidence Fusarium head blight spike incidence Spike Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in spikes caused by the agent fusarium spp. FHBSpkInc Standard method for leaf rolling severity. LRollSev Estimation Measurement of the light intercepted by the canopy using a ceptometer as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. LI Computation Standard method for Fusarium wilt incidence. FoxiWilt Estimation Fusarium head blight spike response Fusarium head blight (scab) spike response caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spike response Spike FHBSpkResp Standard method for foliar disease development. FolDis Estimation Alveograph P/G Dough It is the p/g ratio. Dough alveograph P/G AlvPG Standard method for loose smut incidence. UtritInc Estimation SBMVInc Soil borne mosaic incidence Leaf Soil borne mosaic incidence Soil borne mosaic incidence in the plants caused by the agent soilborne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv) which is vectored by Plasmodiophorid polymyxa graminis. Standard method for forage dry matter. ForgDM Estimation Flag leaf lamina length Flag leaf lamina Length of flag leaf lamina. FLeafLLng Length delta 13C Standard method for stomatal conductance. StomaCond Measurement Leaf Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust plant response PstriResp Stripe rust plant response infertile tiller/m Calculated as time between double ridge (approx. DS14) and anthesis (DS65) as percentage of crop cycle duration. RepP Computation 0-1 absent-present Barley yellow dwarf incidence Barley yellow dwarf incidence Wheat yellow dwarf incidence in the plants caused by the agent wheat yellow dwarf virus. BYDInc Plant HailDmg Estimation Score the damage caused by hail. Leaf PstriCI Stripe rust coefficient of infection Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust coefficient of infection Net blotch incidence Net blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (helminthosporium teres). Net blotch incidence HtereInc Leaf Canopy RUE_T The amount of biomass produced per unit of intercepted solar radiation. Radiation use efficiency Radiation Use Efficiency 0-9 DAMAGE scale WMFlrFN Measurement Standard method for whole meal flour falling number. Maximal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Leaf Leaf maximal fluorescence intensity Maximal fluorescence intensity FmDL Stem rust severity PgramSev Stem rust severity Plant Stem rust (black rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. g Waterlogging damage WtrLoggDmg Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Waterlogging damage Plant Plant vigour Plant Capacity of the plant to grow. Vigour PlntVig Powdery mildew incidence Leaf Powdery mildew incidence in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Powdery mildew incidence EgramInc FHBSplInc Counting Standard method for FHB infected spikelets counting. 0-5 percentage scale Dough alveograph value W Dough Alveograph value W Dough strength by alveograph. W value is the area under the curve. it is a combination of dough strength (p value) and extensibility (l value). AlvW Ci Computation Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Thickness Leaf thickness Measurement of leaf thickness. LeafThk Leaf Modified cobb scale for severity Severity of leaf/stem/stripe rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. 1-5 scoring scale CookSdF Measurement Standard method for cookie spread factor. PlntStnd Plant population or plant density. Stand Plant Plant stand Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Leaf Tan spot incidence Tan spot incidence TanSpotInc plant/m2 s/m 1-6 Phenological relative scale Standard method for worm damage. WormDmg Estimation The falling number is defined as the time in seconds required stirring and allowing stirrer to fall a measured distance through a hot aqueous flour or meal gel undergoing liquefaction due to a-amylase activity. Falling number Flour FlrFN Flour falling number 1. Extract storage proteins (glutenins/gliadins) from wheat grain, 2. Separate glutenins from gliadins, 3. Run proteins extracts in polyacrylamide gels, 4. Stain the gel and de-stain, 5. Identify the allele for each locus. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis Glume hairiness density on outer side of sterile glume. Glume pubescence density Glume GlmPubDen Pubescence density Count the total number of grains per tiller. GrnTllr Computation Record date of physiological maturity (approx. DS87). It is estimated as when the grain reaches the maximum dry weight and the grain becomes viable. It is most easily determined in-field when 50% of the peduncles are ripe (i.e., yellow). Mat DS87 date Estimation CTD Computation Standard method for canopy temperature depression. Plant ColdTol Cold tolerance Cold tolerance Plant tolerance to lower temperatures than the optimum. Height of plant from ground to top of spike, excluding awns. Plant PH Height Plant height Standard method for Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence. HgramInc Estimation Spike type Spike SpkTyp Type Shape characteristics of typical mature spikes. 1-5 LRoll scale Gluten type whether weak-tenacious/tenacious/weak/medium strong/strong. GluTyp Flour gluten type Gluten type Flour g/l Time between double ridge (approx. ds14) and anthesis (ds65). Plant Reproductive period Reproductive period RepP Standard method for ground cover at 5 leaves stage. GrndCov Measurement (GS15) Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a3. Glutenin Glu-A3 composition GluA3 Flour Take measurements at least two times from full ground cover to the end of booting (pre-heading), and at least two times from the end of anthesis to late grainfilling (grain-filling) -with 5-7 days between each measurement to give a reasonably heritable estimate of trait expression. CT Measurement Record date of initiation of booting stage when 50% of the culms expected to produce spikes are between DS39 (Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible) and DS41 (Flag leaf sheath extending). Boot DS39 date Estimation mmol H2O/m2/s Leaf Electron transport rate Transfer of electrons during photosynthesis in light saturated leaf. ETR Leaf electron transport rate Standard method for net blotch incidence. HtereInc Estimation Grain Nitrogen content Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Grain GNitr Nitrogen content RUE Computation Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. degree C Take all incidence Plant GgtriInc Take-all incidence in the plants caused by the agent Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt). Take all incidence Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FmLA Measurement Plant Double ridge time is just when apex changes from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. DRidge Double ridge time Double ridge time GAmyloPec Amylopectin content Grain amylopectin content Grain Content of amylopectin in grain. Number of days from sowing to booting stage (DS45). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Boot DS45 DT Computation Stem Solidness StmSol Stem solidness Solidness of stem. Standard method for screening grain size distribution <1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count6 Wheat bacterial leaf blight severity in the plants caused by the agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. symptoms: small (less than 0.04 inches) water-soaked lesions expand and eventually coalesce. initial lesions become necrotic and turn from gray-green to tan-white. Entire leaves may become necrotic, but heads and glumes are typically symptomless. Bacterial leaf blight severity Bacterial leaf blight severity Leaf BLBSev AlvG Dough Alveograph value G G stands for the square root of the volume of air in the bubble that was possible before the bubble burst. shows how flexible the dough was during the test. Dough alveograph value G Photochemical reflectance index is correlated with the de-epoxidation stage of the xanthophylls cycle, with zeaxanthin, and with radiation-use efficiency (filella et al., 1996). higher pri values indicate greater efficiency. PRI Canopy Canopy photochemical reflectance index Photochemical reflectance index Measured as weight by percentage of all matter passing through a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots GScreen Measurement LeafCID Leaf carbon isotope discrimination Leaves carbon isotope discrimination can be measured in the leaves during early canopy development in well irrigated trials, in which case genotypic effects will be related mainly to transpiration efficiency. Leaf Carbon isotope discrimination Plant GFPTT Grain filling period thermal time Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87) in thermal time. Grain filling period thermal time Note Estimation Notes taken in the field. NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement Standard method for peduncle pubescence density. PedPubDen Estimation g/m2 Germ Measurement Laboratory seed test for germination should be carried out before seeding to calculate seeding rates or determine the status of storage seed. The percentage of seeds capable of producing normal seedlings under ordinarily favorable conditions (not including seeds which produce weak, malformed, or obviously abnormal sprouts), determined by methods ISTA seed testing protocols. Chlorophyll content Leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Chl Leaf L value Coefficient of infection (CI) calculated by multiplying the severity times a constant for host response: where immune = 0.0, R=0.2, MR =0.4, MS =0.8, and S=1.0. Rust Coefficient of infection Computation Heading thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Heading (GS55). Heading thermal time Plant TTH SpkPI Computation Calculated from shoots sampled seven days after anthesis and SPI is expressed as a ratio and can be calculated as SPI= (dry weight of spikes at anthesis+7/dry weight of the whole plants (shoots) at anthesis+7). StritInc Septoria tritici blotch incidence Septoria tritici blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Septoria tritici blotch incidence Plant Straw Straw strength Strength StrawStn Strength of straw. Stripe rust seedling response Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the seedlings caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Seedling PstriSdlgResp Stripe rust seedling response HeatTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. Nitrogen uptake efficiency Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency BMNUpE N-uptake efficiency as the total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground plant at harvest in relation to the available Nitrogen in soil. Plant Phase period where the spike growth the most regarding the whole crop cycle and can be calculated as (anthesis date-initiation of booting date)/days to maturity *100. RSpkGP Computation FlrYellCls Yellowness Flour yellowness Flour Flour yellowness. SedIdx Measurement Standard method for sedimentation index. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. BM Measurement Stem Length Stem length Length of stem. StmLng Tolerance of grain to sprout when in the spike. SproutTol Grain Sprouting tolerance Sprouting tolerance Maturity time starts at hard dough stage (ds87) often called physiological maturity. Mat Maturity time Maturity time Plant Textile treatment is used to inhibit photosynthesis of the spikes through shading(comparison between control and treated spikes). Randomly selected spikes (for example: 12 spikes) per plot are covered with a special designed textile 10 days after anthesis under irrigation and drought or 10 days after heading under heat environments. Then, at physiological maturity the spikes are harvested together with 12 control spikes and the number of grains and weight are recorded and compared the treated spikes with the control ones (Sanchez-Bragado et al., 2016). SpkPho Computation Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriInc Stripe rust incidence Leaf Stripe rust incidence Incidence of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Rolling incidence Leaf LRollInc Leaf rolling incidence SBMVInc Estimation Standard method for soil borne mosaic virus incidence. FE Fruiting efficiency Fruiting efficiency The final outcome of the floret developmental rates (determining the number of floret primordia that reach the stage of fertile florets at anthesis) and the proportion of grain set per fertile floret (the opposite to grain abortion), per unit of spike weight. Spike Glutenin Glu-B1 composition High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b1. GluB1 Glutenin Glu-B1 composition Flour GAmyloPec Measurement Standard method for grain amylopectin content. Gluten content Flour FLRGluCon Content of wet gluten in flour. Flour gluten content g/MJ Bread crumb structure Bread The cellular structure of wheat bread crumb. CrmStr Structure Lodg Estimation Estimate of the area lodged in the sampled plot. PstriSev Stripe rust severity Leaf Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust severity Length of peduncle. PedLng Length Peduncle Peduncle length NIRS Fibre Measurement NIR calibrated GrwHabit Estimation Observe the growth habit of wheat plants during tillering stages and rate whether erect/semi-erect/prostrate/semi-spreading/spreading Leaf Alternaria leaf blight plant response Alternaria leaf blight response in the plants caused by the agent Alternaria triticina. Alternaria leaf blight plant response AtritResp Standard method for rhizoctonia root rot incidence. RsolaInc Estimation Relative spike weight is calculated by dividing spike weight (at maturity) from infected by the non-infected. FHBSpkWt Computation Plant Grain weight increase per degree day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Grain fill rate thermal time GFRTT Grain fill rate thermal time HsatiLInc Estimation Standard method for Spot blotch incidence. Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain Grain Nitrogen uptake GNUp Nitrogen uptake FE Computation Spike fertility index. Dry weight of 20 randomly selected spikes at anthesis. Fruiting Efficiency= number of grains at maturity / spike dry matter at anthesis. Content of zinc in grain. Grain Grain Zinc content Zinc content GZinc Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at the field presenting soil salinity and rate the tolerance. SaltTol Estimation GLys Measurement Standard method for grain lysine content. NHI Nitrogen harvest index Nitrogen harvest index The fraction of Nitrogen recovered in the harvested grain as a function of the total Nitrogen taken up. Plant STR NIRS Measurement Straw NIR calibrated. Standard method for glume pubescence length. GlmPubLng Measurement 1-3 GROWTHCLS scale Standard method for grain phosphorus content. GPhos Measurement Double digit (00-99) Leaf light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Leaf Amax Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light and CO2. Light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis 0-12 Modified Cobb Scale AgrScr Estimation For agronomic score observe visually detectable signs of factors limiting yields and rate. Fs Leaf steady-state fluorescence Steady-state fluorescence Leaf The fluorescence emitting during steady state. Standard method for herbicide damage. HerbicideDmg Estimation NHI Computation Calculated as total grain Nitrogen divided by the total biomass Nitrogen. AtritResp Estimation Standard method for Alternaria leaf blight field response. High throughput approaches to measuring ground cover are: visual assessment or digital analysis of photographs GrndCov Measurement TanSpotSdlgResp Estimation Standard method for scoring tan spot response in seedlings. Barley leaf rust incidence Leaf Barley leaf rust incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Barley leaf rust incidence PhordInc Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. GFP pct Computation Standard method for content of deoxynivalenol or DON (vomitoxin) that is often associated with FHB (Fusarium spp.) infected grains. FHBDON Measurement RNDVI Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Spike Fusarium graminearum incidence in the plants. Fusarium graminearum incidence FgramInc Fusarium graminearum incidence GY Computation Use formulae to calculate grain yield in g/m2 Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Fs Measurement Spike density Density Spike SpkDen Density or compactness of a wheat spike. Canopy normalized water index 4 Canopy Normalized water index 4 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Normalized water index 4 NWI4 GYFac Computation Standard method for yield factor Grain number per spikelet Number of grains per spikelet. Grain number Spikelet GrnSpl SuPDmg Estimation Standard method for suni pest damage. Mat DS87 relative Estimation Assessment of physiological maturity (approx. DS87) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Standard method for stomatal frequency. StomaFrq Counting Standard method for flag smut field response. UagroResp Estimation Leaf PrecoSev Leaf rust (brown rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust severity Leaf rust severity grains/tiller Calculated as the grain yield divided by the total soil Nitrogen. NUE Computation variable_of SLA Leaf Specific leaf area A ratio of the leaf area to dry mass. Specific leaf area RARSc Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Canopy Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Rarsc is an estimation of carotenoid content. GSize Estimation Visual observation of grains size. Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Stem rust plant response Plant Stem rust plant response PgramResp Standard method for node number. NodeN Counting Anet Carbon fixation by photosynthesis. Net photosynthesis rate Leaf Leaf net photosynthesis rate FrostDmg Plant Frost damage Frost damage Plant damage caused by frost. PstriSpkSev Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Spike Stripe rust spike severity Stripe rust spike severity Plant The plant damage caused by armyworm. Armyworm damage Armyworm damage ArmyWDmg Standard method for Fusarium leaf blotch incidence. FnivLBInc Estimation Image Analysis Screen Count1 Standard method for screening grain size distribution >2.8 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R)machine. LeafPubLng Measurement Standard method for leaf pubescence length. Calculated as time between emergence (DS10) and first node detectable (DS31) as percentage of crop cycle duration. VgP Computation FLeafSen Estimation Rate using a scale from 0 (0% senescence) to 10 (100% senescence) using the guide, in increments of 10%. Booting initiation thermal time Initiation of Booting thermal time Plant Thermal Time from emergence to Initiation of Booting (GS41). TTIB Canopy water index WI Water index use reflectance at 970 nm as a wavelength sensitive to water content, while reflectance at 900 nm is taken as a reference which is similarly affected by canopy and leaf structures but with null absorption by water. Canopy Water index infertile tiller/m2 Booting time is just prior to spike emergence, when the flag leaf sheath encloses the growing spike. Booting time Boot Plant Booting time Rust severity Estimation Severity of rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. CID determination Proceed following the protocol for sampling of grains or leaves for CID in Chapter 6 in Pask et al., 2012. Mass spectrometers generate differential values of stable carbon isotope composition (?13C), expressed negative values in parts per thousand (?) (Farquhar et al., 1989): ?13C (?) = [(Rsample/Rstandard)?1] × 1000. Where: the ratio of heavy to light isotope (R = 13C/12C) for the sample is in comparison to Peedee Belemnite (PDB) carbonate (limestone) standard. Following Farquhar et al. (1989) ? rather than using carbon isotope composition values (?13C), positive values for CID (?13C) can be calculated for easier statistical analysis as: ?13C = [(?a-?p)]/[1 + (?p/1000)] Standard method for grain zinc content. GZinc Measurement Grain starch content Starch content Content of starch (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain Gstarch Thermal Time from emergence to Anthesis (GS65). TTA Anthesis thermal time Anthesis thermal time Plant Standard method for straw breakage. StrawBreak Estimation Stem rust notes Stem rust notes PgramNote Plant Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Spot blotch severity Spot blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (Helminthosporium sativum). Spot blotch severity HsatiLSev Leaf The plant damage caused by insects. Insect damage Plant InsectDmg Insect damage TN Counting Count or calculate the number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per lineal meter, per plant or per square meter. Record date of double ridge stage (DS14-15 approx.). Double ridge signifies that the plant?s main growing point will produce no more primordial leaves, and instead will produce primordial spikelets of the young spike. The dissection and observation of the main tiller apex on an optic magnifier is required. DR date Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. PnegleDmg Estimation CiCa Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Leaf intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Leaf Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio. Standard method for flour yield. FlrYld Measurement Number of days from sowing to the seedling emergence (DS10). Emer DS10 days Computation Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. SpkGW Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. GNDVI Measurement Biomass production rate Biomass BMPR Biomass production rate. Production per day Biomass Nitrogen utilization efficiency Biomass Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency as the biomass in relation to the total amount of N in above-ground plant at harvest. BMNUtE Plant Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency 1-3 FLRYELLCLS scale %/min Standard method for spike density. SpkDen Estimation Screenings proportion Grain screenings Grain Proportion of small grain passing through a sieve. GScreen FlrSDS Testing of refined flour quality by sds-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. Flour SDS sedimentation Flour SDS sedimentation volume Whole meal flour WMFlrYellPig Yellow pigment content Whole meal flour yellow pigment content Whole meal flour yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. 0-5 incidence scale Peduncle hairiness density. Peduncle Pubescence density PedPubDen Peduncle pubescence density StayGreen Estimation Stay-green assessment is conducted through the growing season, starting with the onset of the senescence of the specific organ to be evaluated. 15).]]> FlrYellCls Measurement WMFlrYellPig Measurement Standard method for whole meal flour yellow pigment. 1-3 SEDVTR scale GSize Grain Grain size. Grain size Size 1-3 GLMCOL scale Sharp eyespot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia cerealis. Sharp eyespot incidence Sharp eyespot incidence RcereInc Plant grain/spikelet Standard method for glume color. GlmCol Estimation Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FoLA Measurement Leaf area index LAI It is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies and defined as the leaf area per unit ground surface area. Plant Leaf area index Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until terminal spikelet(thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTTS Computation FgramInc Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum incidence. TSPI Computation True Stem Coefficient = True stem DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of true stem is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. SpkDis Estimation Standard method for spike disease development. Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. NDVI Canopy normalized difference vegetation index Canopy Normalized difference vegetation index Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until anthesis (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTA Computation PhordInc Estimation Standard method for Barley leaf rust incidence. Standard method for leaf width. LeafWid Measurement 1. A 10-gram sample of flour or ground wheat is weighed and placed into the glutomatic washing chamber on top of the polyester screen, 2. The sample is mixed and washed with a 2 percent salt solution for 5 minutes, 3. The wet gluten is removed from the washing chamber, placed in the centrifuge holder, and centrifuged, 4. The residue retained on top of the screen and through the screen is weighed. FLRGluCon Measurement 1-3 GRNCOL scale Number of days from sowing to first node detectable. However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. FND DS31 DT Computation Standard method for grain hardness class. GHrd Measurement Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole above ground straw. Straw Nitrogen uptake Nitrogen uptake Straw STRNUp Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Normalized difference vegetation index Canopy red normalized difference vegetation index Canopy RNDVI Loose smut incidence Spike UtritInc Loose smut incidence Loose smut incidence in the plants caused by ustilago tritici. Standard spike dry weight method. SpkDW Computation g/plot Leaf LeafR675 The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R675 nm wavelength. Leaf spectral reflectance 675 nm Spectral reflectance Lodging incidence Lodg Plant Lodging incidence Indicates incidence of lodged plants. Straw Color of straw. StrawCol Color Straw color Standard method for flag leaf lamina length. FLeafLLng Measurement Fusarium wilt incidence Fusarium wilt incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium oxysporum. Fusarium wilt incidence FoxiWilt Plant Aluminum tolerance Plant tolerance to aluminum. AlTol Plant Aluminum tolerance Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.2 mm - 2.0 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass4 Rating of overall agronomic attributes and health of plants. Phenotypic acceptability AgrScr Agronomic score Plant Standard method for whole grain width. GWid Measurement Infertile tiller Number Infertile tiller number Number of infertile tillers per unit area, sample or plant. InfertTN Grain Grain protein content Protein content Content of protein (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. GProt ALVEOGRAPH determination AACC 54-30 A 1. A sample of 60 grams or 250 grams of flour is mixed with a salt solution to form a dough. 2. The dough is sheeted, rested and inflated in the Chopin Alveograph, 2. Five 4.5 centimeter circular dough patties are formed and then rested in the alveograph in a temperature-regulated compartment at 25 degrees Celsius for approximately 20 minutes, 3. Each dough patty is tested individually. The alveograph blows air into a dough patty, which expands into a bubble that eventually breaks, 4. The pressure inside the bubble is recorded as a curve on graph paper. The alveograph determines the gluten strength of a dough by measuring the force required to blow and break a bubble of dough. The results include P Value, L Value, and W Value. Alveograph value L Dough L value is the extensibility of the dough before the bubble breaks. it is indicated by the length of the curve. AlvL Dough alveograph value L Leaf LeafSPI Leaf sheath partitioning index Leaf sheath partitioning index. Sheath partitioning index g/200 grain Tiller number TN Number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per unit area, sample or plant. Tiller Tiller number Stem strength Stem Strength of the culm. StmStrength Strength Photosynthetic contribution of the spike (ear) to grain yield. Spike photosynthesis contribution Spike Photosynthesis Spike SpkPho NodeN Number of nodes in the main stem. Node number Node number Stem Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.5 mm - 2.2 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass3 NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement Time period between emergence (ds10) and first node detectable (ds31). VgP Vegetative period Plant Plant vegetative period NIR calibrated NIRS Starch Measurement Grain weight per tiller Grain weight GWTTILL Tiller Grain weight per tiller. tiller/m2 1-6 MIXTYP scale Standard method for straw strength. StrawStn Estimation GYellBer Measurement Standard method for yellow berry incidence. GReten Measurement Measured as weight by percentage of all matter remaining above a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots. Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot seedling response Tan spot seedling response Seedling TanSpotSdlgResp Ant DS65 date Estimation Record date of anthesis (DS65) when 50% of spikes have flowered (i.e. at least 1 anther dehisced). SemoYellPig Measurement Standard method for semolina yellow pigment. Width of leaf. Width Leaf width LeafWid Leaf Terminal spikelet thermal time Plant TTTS Thermal Time from emergence to Terminal Spikelet (GS30). Terminal spikelet thermal time 1-9 scoring scale 0-5 TANSPOT field response scale Barley scald severity Barley scald severity Plant Barley scald severity in the plants caused by the agent Rhynchosporium secalis. RsecaSev 1-5 TANSPOT field response scale Calculated as grain yield per unit of Nitrogen taken up. Nute Computation StmDia Diameter Stem diameter Stem outer diameter. Stem µmol CO2/m2/s method_of 0-5 FHB field response scale 0-9 RCERE scale Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.8 ? 2.5 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count2 b value 1-9 TOL scale AlTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a soil presenting aluminum toxicity and rate the tolerance. Standard method for leaf length. LeafLng Measurement Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B. LeafGlau Estimation Standard method for leaf glaucousness. Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Amax Measurement PrecoNote Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf Leaf rust notes Leaf rust notes Severity of rust in spike is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. PstriSpkSev Estimation Standard method for spike type. SpkTyp Estimation Mat DS87 DT Computation Number of days required from sowing to physiological maturity (approx. DS87). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. AwnCol Estimation Standard method for awn color. node FvLAFmLA measurement Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a light adapted leaf. NupE Computation Calculated as above ground biomass Nitrogen content divided by soil Nitrogen spike/m 1-5 RELTPH scale 0-5 Septoria Response scale Dough P value is the force required to blow the bubble of dough. it is indicated by the maximum height of the curve. Dough alveograph value P Alveograph value P AlvP SepSPInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria species incidence. The plant damage caused by Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxis. DnoxiDmg Russian wheat aphid damage Plant Russian wheat aphid damage BMNUE Computation Calculated as the above ground biomass divided by the total soil Nitrogen. GNUp Computation Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the grain at harvest. Spike Grain weight SpkGW Grain weight per spike. Grain weight per spike mm2 spikelet Calculate grain yield of an entry as percentage over a local check. GY Relative to check Computation 1-9 SPKDEN scale Grain weight increase per day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Plant Grain fill rate GFR Grain fill rate Plant damage caused by herbicide. Herbicide damage Herbicide damage HerbicideDmg Plant TTH Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until emergence (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. 0-9 AnthExt tiller/plant Root RootDis The plant damage caused by root diseases. Root disease development Root disease development A ratio of grain yield to total above ground biomass. Harvest index Biomass partitioning to grain HI Plant ?mol/m2/s GYPR Computation Calculated with grain yield obtained /days to maturity. 1-3 HRDCLS scale AwnCol Awn color. Color Awn color Awn Leaf R550 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R550. Seedling rust field response Estimation Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. Some forms of spotting and necrosis result from chromosomal instability or genetic aberrations, these disorders are known as hybrid necrosis. Affected plants show differing degrees of necrosis, often associated with stunting or dwarf clumping. Hybrid necrosis usually is observed in early generation material, and affected progeny are eliminated HNecro Estimation EgramInc Estimation Standard method for powdery mildew incidence. Threshblty Estimation Observe threshability by hand threshing of one or two spikes and rate it according how easily grains are separated from the rachis and glumes using 1 (hard to thresh) to 9 (easy to thresh) scale. Image Analysis Screen Mass2 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.8 mm - 2.5 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. HI Computation Harvest index is expressed in percentage and can be calculated as Harvest index (%) = (Grain yield/Biomass)*100. FHBGInc Estimation Standard method for FHB grain incidence. EgramSev Powdery mildew severity Powdery mildew severity Powdery mildew severity in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Leaf PedLng Measurement Standard method for peduncle length. The number of grains per spike can be measured independently by threshing a known number of randomly selected spikes per plot (10-20 spikes per plot) or can be calculated as: Grains per spike (GSP) = grains m2 / spikes m2. GrnSpk Computation 1-6 SPKTYPE scale Mixograph type Dough mixograph type MixTyp Dough Mixograph type (mixograph curve) is used for determining the strength of dough. Glume color GlmCol Glume Color observation on the outer glume at maturity. Color InsectDmg Estimation Standard method for insect damage. spikelet/spike 0-4 PRECO scale StrawYield_Computation Calculated as difference between biomass and grain yield. Barley leaf rust severity Barley leaf rust severity Barley leaf rust severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. PhordSev Leaf CrmStr Estimation Standard method for crumb structure. FgramSev Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum severity. Leaf transpiration rate LeafTR Leaf transpiration rate. Leaf transpiration rate Leaf 0-9 scoring scale TSpl DT Computation Number of days from sowing to terminal spikelet (DS25-30 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Distorted leaves and stems are evident prior to heading. As diseased plants approach maturity, galls are formed in the florets, replacing the kernels. The galls are similar in shape to the seed they replace and are dark brown in color. Large numbers of motile larvae are present within the galls and become active after the galls have been moistened. These nematodes can act as vectors of Clavibacter tritici. SGNDmg Estimation Flour High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a1. Glutenin Glu-A1 composition GluA1 Glutenin Glu-A1 composition It can be easily and non-destructively measured during grain-filling (i.e., before physiological maturity) by counting in a given area or length of row. SN Measurement Grain number Tiller GRATIL Number of grains per tiller. Grain number per tiller RcereInc Estimation Main shoots are assessed for sharp eyespot disease. BMNUE Nitrogen Use Efficiency Plant The above ground biomass production per total Nitrogen available to a plant. Above ground biomass nitrogen efficiency CropGrwRate Computation Standard method for crop growth rate. Standard method for neck break. NeckBreak Estimation RARSa Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a Rarsa is an estimation of chlorophyll a content. Canopy Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a 1-8 generic disease field response scale a value LeafPI Computation Leaf Lamina Coefficient = Lamina DM measured at7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf lamina is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. ErlVig Estimation Fusarium graminearum severity Fusarium graminearum severity Fusarium graminearum severity in the plants. FgramSev Spike HtereSev Estimation Standard method for net blotch severity. Leaf rust incidence Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust incidence Leaf PrecoInc FHBSpkInc Estimation Standard method for FHB spike incidence. Number of spikes (fertile culms) per unit area, sample or plant. Spike number Number Spike SN STRNUp Computation Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the straw at harvest. Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until physiological maturity (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTM Computation ml/% 1-3 SIZE scale SproutTol Estimation Observe the tendency of grain to sprout when in the spike and rate the tolerance. AACC 55-10 or SeedCount management procedure Standard method for test weight. kg/ha Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Asat Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. CiCa Measurement GCol Estimation Standard method for grain color. Grain number (GNO) as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. GNO determines the sink size of the crop and under many conditions it is strongly correlated with yield. Grains/m2 (GNO) = yield (g/m2) / TGW (g) × 1000. GN Computation Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.0 mm - 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass5 Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat GrwCls Estimation GMoi Estimation Moisture content is determined by drying a grain wheat sample in an air oven and comparing the weight of the sample before and after heating. The amount of weight loss is the moisture content. Moisture content results are expressed as a percentage. grain/spike Standard method for In-season aboveground biomass. ISBM Estimation num StdEst Estimation Standard method for standard establishment. PrecoInc Estimation Standard method for leaf rust incidence. Record booting stage (DS45) when 50% of culms present boot swollen. Boot DS45 date Estimation Variable fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FvLA Measurement 1-4 PRECO scale Standard method for straw color. StrawCol Estimation AphDmg Estimation Standard method for aphid damage. StmWSC NIR Measurement Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with NIRs. Image Analysis Screen Mass1 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains greater than 2.8 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FoDA Measurement Standard method for fluorescence measurement. PhiPS2 Measurement Standard method for common root rot incidence. RootRot Estimation 1-3 STRAWStrength Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. GFPTT Computation Standard method for stem color. StmCol Estimation Awns Estimation Standard method for awnedness. Ant DS65 DT Computation Number of days required from sowing to when 50% of spikes have flowered (DS65). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. LeafTNecro Estimation Leaf tip necrosis is observed and rated in percentage. Variable fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FvDA Measurement Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light. Leaf Light-saturated net photosynthesis Asat Leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. Yield factor. Grain yield factor Yield factor GYFac Grain GlmGlau Estimation Standard method for glume glaucousness. Standard method for leaf rolling incidence. LRollInc Estimation 1. A 7-gram sample of ground wheat or flour is weighed and combined with 25 milliliter of distilled water in a glass falling number tube with a stirrer and shaken to form a slurry. When grinding a wheat sample to perform a falling number test, it should be at least 300 grams to assure a representative sample, 2. As the slurry is heated in a boiling water bath at 100° Centigrade and stirred constantly, the starch gelatinizes and forms a thick paste, 3. The time it takes the stirrer to drop through the paste is recorded as the falling number value. FlrFN Measurement Spike Spike length SpkLng Length of spike. Length Observe the growth stage or development stage (DS) of wheat plants using the Zadoks scale decimal code, based on 10 major stages, with each stage divided into sub-stages. GrwStg Zadoks Estimation Standard method for stem solidness. StmSol Estimation 0-9 AWNS scale Chl Measurement The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ?chlorophyll concentration index? (CCI, ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on the flag leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles. TilSpSpkInc Estimation Common bunt incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground biomass at harvest. BMNUp Computation 1-5 GHABIT scale PhiCO2 Measurement Standard method for gas exchange measurement. Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. Seedling rust field response Estimation kg/hl ISBM All above-ground biomass at any developmental stage and/or at regular intervals from the emergence to physiological maturity. Plant In-season aboveground biomass Aboveground biomass In-season FvDAFmLA measurement Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a dark adapted leaf. Cereal cyst nematodes are more readily detected on seedlings than on adult plants. The roots of infested plants develop frequent branches and swellings (cysts). HavenDmg Estimation ISBM Measurement Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. plant/ha Standard method for straw yield. StrawYld Estimation g/1000 grain Standard method for loaf volume. LofVol Measurement s SnodoInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a low pH (acid) soil field and rate the tolerance. AcdTol Estimation