AphDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla APHDMG_1_5 CIMMYT CIMMYT LODG_pct Lodg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NPQI_index NPQI_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNYLD_kg_ha CIMMYT GY_kgha Yld_kgha GY_Calc_kgha Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BMPR_Calc_gm2day early (E) E GLUA3_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GluA3_M_text 96 Ripening, 50% of viable seed germinates TSD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TSpl_date_ymd TSD CIMMYT Seedling development , 9 or more leaves unfolded 19 WMFLRFN_s CIMMYT WMFlrFN_M_s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Luzie U Wingen AWNS_0_1 JIC Awns_E_0to1 FLRCOL_b_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrCol_M_bvalue CIMMYT CIMMYT PstriNote_E_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_text HsatiLSev_E_00to99 HSATIL_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GAmyloPec_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Hd_dto_day DTH CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HEAD DAYSHD DTH_days 2 20% coverage 5 intermediate damage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BYD_0_9 CIMMYT BYDInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTM_calc_Cday partly vitreous (PV) PV 20 Tillering, Main shoot only CIMMYT GRNSPK grains/spike GRNSPK_num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrnSpk_Calc_GrnSpk Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SIPI_index CIMMYT SIPI_M_Idx GCol_M_Lvalue CIMMYT GRNCOL_L_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFPUBLNG _um CIMMYT LeafPubLng_M_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla JIC BMNUP_Calc_kgha Luzie U Wingen TINDI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TindiInc_E_pct CIMMYT BLKPT_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BlkPtInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT 50 50 20% plants with broken straw 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEMOPROT _pct CIMMYT SemoProt_Kjl_pct TSpl_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DTTS_days DTTS Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MIXTIM_min CIMMYT MixTim_M_min 7 not vitreous (NV) NV CIMMYT CropGrwRate_Calc_gm2day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CROPGRWRATE_g_m2_day CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount4_pct semi-hard (SH, 45-55) SH 10% plant height affected, 10% coverage 11 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TANSPOT_1_5__ADLTRESP CIMMYT TanSpotResp_E_1to5 GSize_ScreenCount2_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 2 intermediate Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HTERE_00_99__SEV HtereSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT DECODS CIMMYT GrwStg_Zdks_00to99 GRWSTG_00_99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CrmStr_E_1to5 CIMMYT CRMSTR_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RCERE_0_9 RcereInc_E_0to9 CIMMYT PedGlau_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PEDGLAU_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvW_M_joules CIMMYT ALVW_joules Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EGRAM_00_99__SEV CIMMYT EgramSev_E_00to99 40% plant height affected, 70% coverage 47 CIMMYT FNDD FNDD_yyyymmdd FND_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 90% plant height affected, 40% coverage 94 SNO_spk_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SN_Calc_Spksm2 CIMMYT SNAILDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SnailDmg_E_pct CIMMYT 9 head prematurely ripened (whitehead) or plant collapsed with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem, or shoot killed as the ear emerges from the sheath with sharp eyespot lesions on the shoot DTE Days to emergence DTE_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Emer_dto_day HELSP_00_99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HelSpSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT 70% plant height affected, 30% coverage 73 early to normal (E-N) 3 UAGRO_1_8__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT UagroResp_E_1to8 1 white (b<12.5) CIMMYT GYPR_Calc_gm2day Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla susceptible (S), 21 to 50 % of infection S 6 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 4/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened I intermediate (M), pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis fair to good (F-G) 6 Luzie U Wingen JIC AGBMNitr_M_pct RsecaSev_E_00to99 RSECA_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PrecoCI_Calc_pct PRECO_pct__CI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 highly susceptible to susceptible CIMMYT GluB3_M_text GLUB3_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FNIVLB_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FnivLBSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT DTB DTB_days Boot_dto_day BOOT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNSPL_num GRNSPL GrnSpl_Calc_GrnSpl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla grains/spikelet CIMMYT VgP_calc_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla VEGPERIOD_days CIMMYT CIMMYT HTERE_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HtereInc_E_pct CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass2_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 30% plants with broken straw 3 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafR550_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HRDCLS_1_4 GHrd_M_1to4 SemoProt_NIRS_pct SEMOPROT _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BM_t_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_Calc_tha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RNDVI_M_Idx RNDVI_index MS moderate susceptible Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLys_M_pct susceptible, large uredinia without chlorosis (4) 4 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CiCa_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CGR_Calc_gm2day CIMMYT EGRAM_pct__INC EgramInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLNTSTND_pl_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PlntStnd_Calc_Plntha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RSOLA_0_9 RsolaInc_E_0to9pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhiCO2_M_Idx CIMMYT CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkPho_Textile_pct 90% plant height affected, 50% coverage 95 CIMMYT Amax_M_umolCO2m2s2 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Chl_M_CCI CHL_CCI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla soft (S, >55) S Lodg_E_0to5pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LODG_0_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LRollSev_E_1to5 ANTDATE Ant_date_ymd ANTD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ANTD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WI_index WI_M_Idx CIMMYT moderately susceptible 5 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafSPI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TilSpSpkInc_E_pct CIMMYT TILSP_pct 7 good to very good (G-VG) 66 60% plant height affected, 60% coverage Tillering, Main shoot and 2 Tillers 22 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFPUBDEN_0_9 LeafPubDen_E_0to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT GW200_g GW_M_g200grn Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla JIC Luzie U Wingen Nitrogen harvest index NHI_Calc_pct CIMMYT BlkPtInc_E_pct BLKPT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StritResp_E_0to5 CIMMYT STRIT_0_5__RESP PedLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PEDLNG _cm CIMMYT GrwHabit_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GHABIT_1_5 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FmDA_M_Idx CIMMYT FLRPROT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrProt_Kjl_pct very low to low 2 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SpkDW_Calc_gm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PstriSev_E_0to12 PSTRI_0_12__SEV CIMMYT DroughtTol_E_pct DROUGHTTOL_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla spreading (S) S low to moderate 4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LRollInc_E_pct high 9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHORD_pct__SEV PhordSev_E_pct CIMMYT good (G) 7 FHB_0_5__SPKRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSpkResp_E_0to5 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FoLA_M_Idx CIMMYT CIMMYT TllrCapacity_E_1to5 TllrCAPACITY_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrCol_M_avalue CIMMYT WMFLRCOL_a_value H2ODMG _0_9 WtrLoggDmg_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Tillering, Main shoot and 4 Tillers 24 HgramInc_E_0to9pct HGRAM_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT semi-hard (SH, 45-50) SH 4 normal, similar to local check (N) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSIZE_1_3 CIMMYT GSize_E_1to3 PrecoResp_E_0to4 PRECO_0_4__RESP CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FvLA_M_Idx CIMMYT SEPSP_pct__INC SepSPInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SplN_Ct_SplSpk spikelets/spike SPLSPK Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SPLSPK_num CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount3_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EgramInc_E_1to9 EGRAM_1_9__INC CIMMYT 00 Germination, Dry seed 10% plant height affected, 90% coverage 19 GPlump_E_1to3 GRNPLUMP_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFlrCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFLRCOL_b_value CIMMYT 1 absent LEAFTNECR _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafTNecro_E_pct CIMMYT GRNYLD_g_m2 CIMMYT GY_gm2 Yld_gm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_Calc_gm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLeafLWid_M_mm 30 30 StomaCond_M_mmolm2s CIMMYT STMCOND_mmol_m2_s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PLNTSTND_pl_m2 PlntStnd_Calc_Plntm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 50% anther extrusion BORONTOL_1_9 CIMMYT BTol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla highly tolerant 9 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafR750R550_M_Idx CIMMYT FHB_pct__GRNINC FHBGInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 30 Stem elongation or jointing, Pseudo stem erection 7 awned (conspicuous) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RARSc_index CIMMYT RARSc_M_Idx SpkDen_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SPKDEN_1_9 high 4 1 highly susceptible Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafR750R700_M_Idx CIMMYT SEMOYELPIG_ppm SemoYellPig_M_ppm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 2 Red Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ETR_M_?molm2s1 CIMMYT GRNH20_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GMoi_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHOTORESPO_1_9 CIMMYT PhotopResp_E_1to9 TtritInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTRIT _pct__INC CIMMYT GRNPROT_pct GProt_Kjl_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StrawYld_Calc_tha Luzie U Wingen JIC GReten_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNRETEN_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RUE_Calc_gMJ CIMMYT TcontInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TCONT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RepP_Calc_day CIMMYT REPPERIOD_days 0 very poor (VP) ACDTOL _1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AcdTol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT STMRES_s_m StomaRes_M_sm CIMMYT InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm INFERTNO_tll_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RLESDMG_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RLNDmg_E_pct NWI2_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI2_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTB_Calc_Cday CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUD3_text CIMMYT GluD3_M_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ColdTol_E_pct COLDTOL_pct 6 29 20% plant height affected, 90% coverage 8 dense to very dense Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_pct__CI PgramCI_Calc_pct CIMMYT DRidge_date_ymd CIMMYT DRD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DRD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RsecaSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRAINCID_delta GCID_M_delta13C CIMMYT medium hard (MH) MH 0 insensitive GSize_ScreenMass3_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 10% coverage 8 PRECO_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT I immune, no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection (0) Tillering, Main shoot and 9 or more Tillers 89 Late hard dough (difficult to dent) 29 CIMMYT REPPERIOD_pct RepP_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluD1_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLUD1_text highly tolerant 5 GNitr_NIRS_pct GRN_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC CIMMYT TTH_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ARMDMG_pct ArmyWDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla JIC GFR_Calc_gday GFILLRATE Luzie U Wingen 8 stem softened with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLeafLLng_M_cm 70% plant height affected, 40% coverage 74 FHB_num__SPLINC FHBSplInc_Ct_SplInfect CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla UtritInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT UTRIT_1_9__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT STMSTRENGTH_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmStrength_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HavenDmg_E_pct HAVEN_pct CIMMYT Fs_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis R PSTRI_1_8__ADLTRESP PstriResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmSol_E_1to3 CIMMYT STMSOL_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla very hard (VH) VH CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha GrnTllr_Calc_GrnTllr GCol_M_avalue CIMMYT GRNCOL_a_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFWID_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafWid_M_mm CIMMYT GermiTest_pct Germ_M_pct CIMMYT GERM_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Ripening, Kernel hard (difficult to divide, 16% water) 91 CIMMYT PRI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRI_M_Idx GRNIRON_mg_kg CIMMYT GrnIron_M_mgkg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SLA_M_m2kg1 SEPSP_1_5__RESP SepSpResp_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StomaSiz_M_um STMSIZ _um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Ripening, Kernel hard (not dented by thumbnail) 92 StmWallThk_M_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMTHK_um CIMMYT highly susceptible 1 98 Ripening, Secondary dormancy facultative (intermediate) I severe 5 LOFVOL_ml LofVol_M_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Hd_relat_1to5 RELTHD_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RELTHD CIMMYT BM_g_plot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BM_M_gPlot STRIT_pct__INC CIMMYT StritInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 69 60% plant height affected, 90% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BLBSev_E_pct CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhiPS2_M_Idx CIMMYT CIMMYT GWid_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones S Booting, Boot swollen 45 poor (P) 3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PstriResp_E_0to9 PSTRI_0_9__RESP CIMMYT Mat_date_ymd MATD MATDATE MATD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 7 70% plants with broken straw CIMMYT AgrScr_E_0to9 AGRSCR_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla W/R white/red GGTRI_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GgtriInc_E_pct 87 Dough development, Hard dough (thumbnail impression held) STRNitr_NIRS_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla THRESHBLTY_1_9 CIMMYT Threshblty_E_1to9 1 very lax HesFlyDmg_E_pct CIMMYT HESFDMG _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RootRot_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ROOTROT_0_9 FHB_index__SPLINC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHBSplInc_Calc_Idx 0 0% (no uredia) 4 40% anther extrusion Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafPI_M_Idx 80% plants with broken straw 8 CIMMYT SpkDis_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPKDIS_1_5 SpkDis_N_T_S_M_V Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis MR Luzie U Wingen JIC NUE_Calc_kgkgN Nitrogen use efficiency Boot_dateInit_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla IBD_yyyymmdd IBD CIMMYT leaf has shape of a V 3 RELTMT_1_5 RELTMT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Mat_relat_1to5 CIMMYT SPKLNG_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SpkLng_M_cm AlTol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ALUTOL_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LodgInc_N_T_S_M_V Lodg_E_1to5 CIMMYT LODG_1_5 83 80% plant height affected, 30% coverage WKill_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WKILL_0_9 AlvL_M_mm ALVL_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ISBM_Calc_kgha ISBM_kg_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TestWt_M_gl TESTWT_g_l BirdDmg_E_pct BIRDDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DTM MAT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTM_days Mat_dto_day DAYSMT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrCol_M_Lvalue FLRCOL_L_value Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FoDA_M_Idx CIMMYT Ci_M_umolCO2mol1 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MR Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis Luzie U Wingen GFILLRATE_thermal_time JIC GFRTT_Calc_gCday GSize_ScreenMass6_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SproutTol_E_1to9 SPROUTTOL _1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 3 LeafLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFLNG_cm CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafPSSRa_M_Idx FND_dto_day DTFND_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FND CIMMYT DTFND Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLUTYP_1_5 GluTyp_E_1to5 63 60% plant height affected, 30% coverage 20% plant height affected, 70% coverage 27 PgramSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_pct__SEV CIMMYT susceptible to moderately susceptible 4 red to brown 2 Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass4_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CT_M_C CIMMYT CT_C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Lodg_E_1to9 LODG_1_9 heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf tip (Y) Y Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible 39 ISBM_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ERLVIG_1_5 ErlVig_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT light-yellow (b 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLEAFA _cm2 CIMMYT FLeafA_M_cm2 GRNHRD_pct GHrd_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT JIC GRNFibre_pct GFibre_NIRS_pct Luzie U Wingen Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HI_Calc_pct CIMMYT HI_pct PstriSpkSev_E_pct PSTRI_pct__SPKSEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GFILLPERIOD_thermal_time GFPTT_Calc_Cday Luzie U Wingen JIC S susceptible (S), large lesions, no necrosis or chlorosis Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HgramInc_E_pct HGRAM_pct CIMMYT very low damage 2 GLMLNG_mm GlmLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 one or more sharp eyespot lesions on upper (as well as lower) sheaths but no symptoms on the stem 7 70% anther extrusion PhordInc_E_1to9 PHORD_1_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GThk_M_mm 8 tolerant Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafPSSRb_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TESTWT_kg_hl TestWt_M_kghl CIMMYT R red STMFRQ_num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMFRQ StomaFrq_Ct_stomamm2 CIMMYT 5 intermediate Luzie U Wingen GStarch_NIRS_pct JIC GRNStarch_pct 2 very low kernel/m2 KNO CIMMYT GNO_grains_m2 grains/m2 GN_Calc_Grnm2 GM2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GNO Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FE_Calc_Idx CIMMYT CIMMYT ColeopLng_M_cm COLEOPLNG _cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla early (E) 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla YLDCHECK_pct GY_PctChk_pct CIMMYT 7 dense CIMMYT PrecoSev_E_0to12 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_0_12__SEV StmCol_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkPI_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_Calc_gm2 CIMMYT BM_g_m2 Seedling development , 6 leaves unfolded 16 CIMMYT StdEst_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 very resistant, small uredinia surrounded by necrosis (1) FHB_pct__SPKINC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHBSpkInc_E_pct no visible infection (0) 0 CIMMYT CPYGM_pct SawflyDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HI_Calc_Idx CIMMYT HI_index T tall (T) PstriCI_Calc_pct PSTRI_pct__CI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RARSb_index RARSb_M_Idx VR very resistance Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MixTq_M_pctmin MIXTQ_pct_min SpkGW_M_g Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PgramSdlgResp_E_0to8 CIMMYT PGRAM_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PGRAM_0_12__SEV PgramSev_E_0to12 ISBM_g_plot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_M_gPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AwnCol_E_1to6 very low 1 TSPI_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 very poor (VP) LEAVESCID_delta LeafCID_M_delta13C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FvLAFmLA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GlmPubDen_E_0to9 GLMPUBDEN _0_9 1 40% plant height affected, 10% coverage 41 14 Seedling development , 4 leaves unfolded SBMVInc_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SBMV_0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEMOCOL_b_value SemoCol_M_bvalue HeatTol_E_1to5 HEATTTOL_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RodentDmg_E_pct RODDMG_pct CIMMYT Luzie U Wingen BMNUtE_Calc_kgkgN JIC GHrd_M_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HRDCLS_1_5 CIMMYT FHBDON_M_ppm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_ppm__DON Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AGRSCR_1_5 CIMMYT AgrScr_E_1to5 30% coverage 3 25 Tillering, Main shoot and 5 Tillers Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHBAUDPC_Calc_pct FHB_pct__AUDPC moderately tolerant 7 S susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis CIMMYT PLNTVIG_1_5 PlntVig_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TLAEV_pct__INC TlaevInc_E_pct 9 GlmGlau_E_0to9 CIMMYT GLMGLAU_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvPG_Calc_Idx CIMMYT ALVPG_index LEAFGLAU_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafGlau_E_0to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla YLDFAC_num CIMMYT GYFac_Calc_num R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules 57 Heading, ¾ of head emerged 17 Seedling development , 7 leaves unfolded CIMMYT HailDmg_E_0to9 HAILDMG_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI3_index CIMMYT NWI3_M_Idx APHDMG_pct CIMMYT AphDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Boot_dtoInit_day DTIB_days CIMMYT DTIB Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RachLng_M_mm CIMMYT Stem elongation or jointing, 6th node detectable 36 Luzie U Wingen JIC GPD_Calc_pct HtereSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SN_M_Spksm CIMMYT SNO_spk_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AVLG_mm CIMMYT AlvG_M_mm PH_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RELTPH_1_5 CIMMYT Luzie U Wingen JIC NupE_Calc_kgkgN Shattering_E_pct SHATTERING_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrndCov_GS15_pct CIMMYT GRNDCOV_pct__GS15 CIMMYT GLUCON_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRGluCon_M_pct 2 40% coverage 30% plant height affected, 70% coverage 37 RARSa_index RARSa_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Wsurv_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GFP_calc_day GFILLPERIOD_days TllrGW_M_g CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLRYELLCLS_1_3 FlrYellCls_M_1to3 GZinc_M_mgkg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNZINC_mg_kg CIMMYT CIMMYT Asat_M_umolCO2m2s1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 0 No visible infection on plants NDVI_index CIMMYT NDVI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PgramNote_E_text CIMMYT COLDTOL_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ColdTol_E_1to5 CIMMYT S Strong (S) DROUGHTTOL_1_5 CIMMYT DroughtTol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FROSTDMG_1_5__SPK Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FrostDmg_E_1to5 FrostDmg_N_T_S_M_V SGNDmg_E_pct CIMMYT ATRITDMG _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFLRSDS_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrSDS_M_ml CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GVtr_E_1to3 SEDVTR_1_3 CIMMYT PSTRI_1_9 PstriInc_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Stem elongation or jointing, 4th node detectable 34 PSTRI_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriSdlgResp_E_0to8 CIMMYT Good 1 Tillering, Main shoot and 7 Tillers 27 Emer_date_ymd EDATE EMERD_yyyymmdd EMERD EMERDATE Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Emergence date CIMMYT NBREAK_pct NeckBreak_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 54 50% plant height affected, 40% coverage CIMMYT Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AnthExt_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFlrAsh_E_pct STERIND_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SpkSterility_Calc_pct 1 small FROSTDMGP_pct FrostDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT light moderate susceptible LMS Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI1_index CIMMYT NWI1_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FgramSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT FGRAM_00_99__SEV 11 Seedling development , First leaf unfolded very dense 9 PHORD_0_12__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhordSev_E_0to12 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CookSdF_M_Idx CIMMYT COKSDF_index WMFLRCOL_L_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFlrCol_M_Lvalue Lodg_E_0to9pct LODG_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT SUPDMG _1_5 SuPDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 1/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 3 EGRAM_1_5__INC EgramInc_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 87 80% plant height affected, 70% coverage 97 Ripening, Seed not dormant I immune (I), 0 % of infection 84 80% plant height affected, 40% coverage CIMMYT STEMWSC_pct StmWSC_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RELTMT_1_6 RELTMT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Mat_relat_1to6 HAILDMG_1_5 HailDmg_E_1to5 HailDmg_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 41 Booting, Flag leaf sheath extending Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PlntStnd_Ct_Plntm PLNTSTND_pl_m CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TANSPOT_pct CIMMYT TanSpotInc_E_pct PhordCI_Calc_pct CIMMYT PHORD_pct__CI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Luzie U Wingen BMNUE_Calc_kgkgN JIC W white 1 none (N) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_kg_plot CIMMYT ISBM_M_kgPlot 3 poor to fair (P-F) CIMMYT AlvPL_Calc_Idx ALVPL_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HNecro_E_0to1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HNECRO_0_1 CIMMYT Ant_dto_day DAYSAN Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTA_days ANT CIMMYT CIMMYT FHB_pct__SPKW Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSpkWt_Calc_pct CIMMYT GScreen_M_pct GRNSCREEN_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GNDVI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GNDVI_M_Idx CIMMYT HSATIL_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HsatiLInc_E_pct 3 lax MS moderately susceptible (MS), average pycnidial density coverage of 30-40% Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrFN_M_s FLRFN _s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla INFERTNO_tll_m2 CIMMYT InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm2 PRECO_pct__SEV CIMMYT PrecoSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 8 entity I Intermediate (I) - Light pycnidial format ion. Coalescing of lesions normally noticeable towards the leaf tip and elsewhere on the leaf. shrivelled (SH) 1 GYellBer_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT YELBER_pct poor (P) 2 Ripening, Secondary dormancy lost 99 InsectDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT INSECTDMG_pct 5 MixTyp_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MIXTYP_1_6 CIMMYT CIMMYT PstriSev_E_pct PSTRI_pct__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 intermediate late (L) L SedIdx_M_mlpct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEDINDX_ml_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafTR_M_mmolH2Om2s1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PgramResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT PGRAM_1_8__ADLTRESP TNO_tll_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TN_Ct_Tllrm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLng_M_mm CIMMYT StrawCol_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MR moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas 3 Black very high damage 9 TANSPOT_00_99__SEV TanSpotSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SaltTol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SALTOL _1_9 Seedling development , First leaf emerged 10 CIMMYT GRNPHOS_mg_kg GPhos_M_mgkg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TTA_Calc_Cday STRIT_00_99__SEV CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StritSev_E_00to99 10% plant height affected, 80% coverage 18 6 intermediate to moderate 2 GW_M_g100grn Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW100_g CIMMYT 50% plant height affected, 10% coverage 51 7 high TTTS_Calc_Cday CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NodeNO_Ct_node CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NODENO _num VgP_calc_pct CIMMYT VEGPERIOD_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 40 40% (14.8% occupied by uredia) Immune (Imm) - No pycnidial formation, no symptoms or occasional hypersensitive fleck. Imm CIMMYT GRNCOL_b_value GCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ALVIe_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvIe_Calc_pct Mixed 6 75 70% plant height affected, 50% coverage 9 CIMMYT PNEGLE_pct PnegleDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 33 Stem elongation or jointing, 3rd node detectable 0 no visible infection (0) S susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DnoxiDmg_E_pct CIMMYT DNOXI_pct R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVP_mm AlvP_M_mm CIMMYT FolDis_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FoliarDis_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT FOLDIS_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FrostDmg_E_1to9 FROSTDMGP_1_9 BM_M_gPlnt BM_g_pl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ForgDM_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WKill_E_pct WKILL_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GsurfA_M_mm2 GRSA_M_mm2 Luzie U Wingen JIC 9 very dense Flowering or anthesis, Start of flowering 61 Booting, Flag leaf sheath opening 47 moderately resistant (MR), 9 to 11 % of infection MR INSECTDMG_1_5 InsectDmg_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla InsectDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT StmWSC_NIR_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 very poor (VP) 3 30% anther extrusion 40 40 leaf rim starts to roll 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StrawBreak_E_1to9 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RUET_Calc_gMJ CIMMYT S susceptible (S), pycnidial density greater than 40% Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLRYD FLRYLD FlrYld_M_pct 0 absent LEAFGLAU_1_5 CIMMYT LeafGlau_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 0 No anther extrusion light moderate LM VS very susceptible Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrCol_M_avalue FLRCOL_a_value 30% plant height affected, 60% coverage 36 V vitreous (V) CIMMYT BM_kg_ha BM_Calc_kgha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_1_8__SPKRESP FHBSpkResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FnivLBInc_E_pct FNIVLB_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT excellent (E) 9 PRECO_1_8__ADLTRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT 1 hollow lax to intermediate 4 spring S THOUWT TGW_g CIMMYT TKW TGW Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW_M_g1000grn 8 80% anther extrusion 5 5% (1.85% occupied by uredia) CIMMYT BSMV_E_0to9pct BSMV_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla low 2 R resistant resistant (R), 1 to 8 % of infection R 15 Seedling development , 5 leaves unfolded 10% plant height affected, 40% coverage 14 30 30% (11.1% occupied by uredia) Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LI_M_pct CIMMYT PRECO_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoSdlgResp_E_0to8 CIMMYT 73 Kernel and milk development, Early milk (liquid off -white) GNUP_Calc_kgha Luzie U Wingen JIC StrawYld_E_tha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount5_pct 2 very low very late (VL) VL 4 StmDia_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMDIA_mm CIMMYT CIMMYT SROLF_1_8 SrolfResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BOOTDATE BOOTD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BOOTD CIMMYT Boot_date_ymd SpkTyp_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StrawStn_E_1to3 CIMMYT STAYGREEN_1_5 StayGreen_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SnodoInc_E_pct SNODO_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 93 Ripening, Kernel loosening in daytime poor (P) 2 R red Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmLng_M_cm STMLNG_cm CIMMYT 67 60% plant height affected, 70% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BM_M_kgPlot BM_kg_plot 80% plant height affected, 90% coverage 89 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFTHK_mm LeafThk_M_um CIMMYT LAI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LAI_Calc_Idx 3 5 0 absent 20% plant height affected, 60% coverage 26 90% plants with broken straw 9 Prostrate (P) P Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FgramSev_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT HerbDmg_N_T_S_M_V HerbicideDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HERBDMG_1_5 TANSPOT_0_5__SEEDRESP CIMMYT TanSpotSdlgResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GCol_E_1to3 GRNCOL_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MS Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing HEADDATE Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HEADD Hd_date_ymd HEADD_yyyymmdd Fusiform 1 Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf just visible 37 CIMMYT GRNYLD_t_ha Yld_tha GY_Calc_tha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_tha 90 90% (33.3% occupied by uredia) 1 very early (VE) 50% plants with broken straw 5 CIMMYT BYDInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BYD_pct 4 moderate (M) 6 Mixed 70% plant height affected, 80% coverage 78 ISBM_Calc_gm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ISBM_g_m2 severe 9 R Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis 4 low to intermediate damage FmLA_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLRPROT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrProt_NIRS_pct CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass5_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 30% plant height affected, 50% coverage 35 FGRAM_pct__INC FgramInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TTIB_Calc_Cday CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WORMDMG_pct WormDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRECO_1_4__RESP PrecoResp_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 good (G) intermediate to high damage 6 0 MR moderately resistant (MR), small lesions surrounded by necrotic areas UTRIT_pct__INC CIMMYT UtritInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_cm PH_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AGRSCR_1_9 AgrScr_E_1to9 2 trace (T) 90% plant height affected, 10% coverage 91 Heading, ¼ of head emerged 53 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_M_gPlnt GRNYLD_g_pl CIMMYT 52 50% plant height affected, 20% coverage GRNPROT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GProt_NIRS_pct CIMMYT ANTDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AntDmg_E_pct CIMMYT BirdDmg_E_1to5 BirdDmg_N_T_S_M_V BIRDDMG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNDCOV_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GrndCov_M_pct 20% (7.4% occupied by uredia) 20 60% coverage 6 PH_M_m PH_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 12 10% plant height affected, 20% coverage StmWSC_Atrone_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT AnthExt_E_0to9 Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GGTRI_1_5_INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GgtriInc_E_1to5 CIMMYT purple P moderate 5 13 Seedling development , 3 leaves unfolded moderately susceptible, medium-sized uredinia that may be associated with chlorosis (3) 3 8 good to very good (G-VG) R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small lesions 4 40% coverage 8 80% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EGRAM_0_5__INC EgramInc_E_0to5 90 90 80% plant height affected, 80% coverage 88 very sparse to sparse 2 100 100% (37% occupied by uredia) Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis MR-MS 45 40% plant height affected, 50% coverage 10% plant height affected, 60% coverage 16 2 Moderate Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFlrYellPig_M_ppm WMFLRYELPIG_ppm one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 5/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 7 40% plant height affected, 60% coverage 46 6 60% plants with broken straw Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SepSpResp_E_0to5 SEPSP_0_5__RESP strong 3 61 60% plant height affected, 10% coverage 40% plants with broken straw 4 5 Elliptical 80% coverage 4 moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) MS-S AWNS_0_9 Awns_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 25 20% plant height affected, 50% coverage WT weak-tenacious (WT) PRECO_text CIMMYT PrecoNote_E_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BLBSev_E_00to99 BLB_00_99__SEV CIMMYT CIMMYT ATRIT _1_8__RESP AtritResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GApp_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNAPP_0_9 4 sparse to intermediate Clavate 4 81 Dough development, Very early dough (slides when crushed) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PTHORN_pct PthornDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_M_gPlot CIMMYT PLOTGRNYLD_g 3 medium 1 present CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla InfertSpkN_Ct_SplSpk FvDAFmDA_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 9 very good (VG) 1 1% (0.37% occupied by uredia) 42 40% plant height affected, 20% coverage 9 very high GHrd_M_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HRDCLS_1_3 CIMMYT late (L) 5 CIMMYT CTD_C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CTD_Calc_C 20% plant height affected, 20% coverage 22 moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RSpkGP_Calc_pct fair (F) 5 Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing MS 79 70% plant height affected, 90% coverage W winter 40% plant height affected, 30% coverage 43 CIMMYT PLNTSTND_pl_plot PlntStnd_Ct_PlntPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Ripening, Seed dormant 95 very late (VL) 6 CIMMYT WKILL_1_5 WKill_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafR675_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PherpResp_E_1to8 PHPRP_1_8__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla R/W red/white 4 low to intermediate TN_Ct_Tllrm2 TNO_tll_m2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 3 sparse CIMMYT TNO_tll_pl TN_Ct_TllrPlnt Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SR_M_Idx SR_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla high 4 BLSSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT BLS_00_99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderate (M) M moderately resistant (MR), average pycnidial density coverage of 15-30% MR susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis S Kernel and milk development, Medium milk (milky liquid) 75 hard (H, <45) H tenacious (T) T 2 medium 13 10% plant height affected, 30% coverage Seedling development , 8 leaves unfolded 18 very poor to poor (VP-P) 1 ISBM_Calc_tha ISBM_t_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmWid_M_mm CIMMYT GLMWID_mm 5 fair to good (F-G) GCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT GRNCOL_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Germination, Coleoptile emerged from seed 07 Dough development, Soft dough (firm, thumbnail mark not held) 85 FLeafSen_E_pct FLEAFSEN_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT acronym Heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf base (Z) Z 5 S short (S) GLUB1_text GluB1_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT none 1 FOXYWIL _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FoxiWilt_E_pct CIMMYT 30% plant height affected, 80% coverage 38 Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass1_pct CIMMYT 60% plant height affected, 40% coverage 64 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DTDR_days DTDR DR DRidge_dto_day moderately susceptible to moderately tolerant 6 49 40% plant height affected, 90% coverage yellow (b>15) 3 3 large CIMMYT GFILLPERIOD_pct GFP_calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FrostDmg_E_0to9 CIMMYT FROSTDMGP_0_9 2 low 10 10% (3.7% occupied by uredia) I immune S Susceptible (S) - Moderate pycnidial formation, lesions coalescing considerably. very good (VG) 3 MR moderately resistant Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis MR-MS 80 80% (29.6% occupied by uredia) 60 60% (22.2% occupied by uredia) 2 20% anther extrusion GSize_ScreenCount6_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 31 Stem elongation or jointing, 1st node detectable 9 90% coverage 80% plant height affected, 10% coverage 81 Nitrogen utilisation efficiency JIC Luzie U Wingen NutE_Calc_kgkgN FvDA_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 80 80 No breakage 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLRSDS_ml FlrSDS_M_ml 76 70% plant height affected, 60% coverage 3 solid Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SepSpSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT SEPSP_00_99__SEV PedPubDen_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PEDPBD_0_9 8 high to very high damage Wheat ontology 4 dense CIMMYT Anet_M_umolCO2m2s2 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 10% plant height affected, 50% coverage 15 none 0 soft (S) S CIMMYT AwnLng_M_cm AWNLNG _cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla very high 8 good (G) 6 97 90% plant height affected, 70% coverage 31 30% plant height affected, 10% coverage 6 43 Booting, Boot just visibly swollen GrwCls_E_1to3 GROWTHCLS_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 5 intermediate moderately resistant, small to medium uredinia often surrounded by Chlorosis or necrosis, green island may be surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic border (2) 2 4 Purple Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluA1_M_text CIMMYT GLUA1_text Dough development, Early dough (elastic, dry and shiny) 83 CIMMYT GlmPubLng_M_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLMPUBLNG_um 3 fair (F) purple P susceptible 3 80% plant height affected, 60% coverage 86 resistant (R), average pycnidial density of 5-15% R 5 very dense 50% plant height affected, 80% coverage 58 48 40% plant height affected, 80% coverage Stem elongation or jointing, 5th node detectable 35 Germination, Leaf just at coleoptile tip 09 No visible affection 0 90% plant height affected, 90% coverage 99 Oblong 3 very sparse 1 good (G) 4 GY_M_kgPlot PLOTGRNYLD_kg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLMCOL_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GlmCol_E_1to3 T1BL1RS_0_1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT T1BL1RS_M_0to1 mid-strong 2 2 Resistant (R) - Very light pycnidial formation. Some coalescing of lesions mainly toward the leaf tip and in older leaf tissue. R nearly immune, no uredinia, but hypersensitive necrotic or chlorotic flecks present (,) , 03 Germination, Imbibition complete 65 60% plant height affected, 50% coverage Germination, Radicle emerged from seed 05 RootDis_N_T_S_M_V ROOTDIS_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RootDis_E_1to5 Flowering or anthesis, Flowering complete 69 Germination, Water uptake (imbibition) started 01 MgrisSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT intermediate 3 57 50% plant height affected, 70% coverage JIC STRNUP_Calc_kgha Luzie U Wingen dense 7 1 SE semi-erect (SE) 4 fair (F) 3 60% coverage W weak (W) R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules GSize_ScreenCount1_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 4 tolerant Amber 5 dense to very dense 8 Tillering, Main shoot and 6 Tillers 26 moderate 7 3 low white 1 7 high damage 32 30% plant height affected, 20% coverage Heading, Emergence of head complete 59 MS moderately Susceptible (MS), medium-sized lesions, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible 33 30% plant height affected, 30% coverage hard (H, <45) H Branched 2 low 3 50 50% (18.5% occupied by uredia) weak 1 semi-soft (SS, 51-55) SS 65 Flowering or anthesis, Flowering half complete FGRAM_0_5__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FgramResp_E_0to5 CIMMYT 71 70% plant height affected, 10% coverage medium (M) M 3 purple to black moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some clorosis possible MS SS semi-spreading (SS) MS moderately susceptible (MS), 12 to 20 % of infection 1 trace >90% anther extrusion 9 very tall (VT) VT 70 70% (25.9% occupied by uredia) Stem elongation or jointing, 2nd node detectable 32 R-MR resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) W white S Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones 0 no damage very poor to poor (VP-P) 2 98 90% plant height affected, 80% coverage low to medium 4 8 very good (VG) 1 10% anther extrusion 59 50% plant height affected, 90% coverage H hard (H) 6 moderate to high 4 rolled leaf rim covers part of leaf blade Heading, ½ of head emerged 55 20 20 50% plant height affected, 60% coverage 56 60% anther extrusion 6 60% plant height affected, 20% coverage 62 MS medium soft (MS) intermediate to dense 6 Poor 3 NWI4_M_Idx CIMMYT NWI4_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla leaf is severely rolled 5 34 30% plant height affected, 40% coverage Kernel and milk development, Late milk (more solids in milk) 77 1 very low 7 70% coverage VS Very susceptible (VS), large, abundant pycnidia, lesions coalescing extensively 5 100% coverage one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 3/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 5 60% plant height affected, 80% coverage 68 44 40% plant height affected, 40% coverage 4 very susceptible (VS), > 50 % of infection VS very good (VG) 5 none 1 7 high 21 20% plant height affected, 10% coverage 5 very severe (V) 2 sparse 17 10% plant height affected, 70% coverage 51 Heading, First spikelet of head visible moderate M 20% coverage 1 poor to fair (P-F) 4 1 4 Seedling development , 2 leaves unfolded 12 awnletted (short) 3 50% plant height affected, 50% coverage 55 R-MR resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) 0 No visible affection 90% plant height affected, 20% coverage 92 6 medium to high 6 70% plant height affected, 70% coverage 77 30% plant height affected, 90% coverage 39 Booting, First awns visible 49 VR very resistant (VR), average pycnidial density of 0-5% 3 low Tillering, Main shoot and 1 Tiller 21 X heterogeneous, random distribution of variable-sized uredinia on single leaf (X) 00 no disease 96 90% plant height affected, 60% coverage intermadiate to dense 6 intermediate 3 50% coverage 5 70 70 Tillering, Main shoot and 8 Tillers 28 very lax to lax 2 intermediate (M), lesions of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis I 28 20% plant height affected, 80% coverage erect (E) E awnless 0 moderate to high 8 S susceptible I immune (0), no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection medium strong (MS) MS Ripening, Overripe, straw dead and collapsing 94 attribute 5 medium one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 2/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 4 very early (VE) VE 10 10 2 susceptible 1 White VS very short (VS) Highly Resistant (HR) - No or only occasional isolated pycnidia formed, particularly in older leaf tissue, hypersensitive flecking in younger leaf tissue. HR 90% plant height affected, 30% coverage 93 85 80% plant height affected, 50% coverage MS moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible medium 3 moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR 1 unrolled, turgid soft (S, >55) S 3 slight (S) 8 high to very high 23 20% plant height affected, 30% coverage 80% plant height affected, 20% coverage 82 No symptom of sharp eyespot 0 low damage 3 1 One or more sharp eyespot lesions on lower sheaths but no symptoms on the stem 5 severe MS moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible none 1 20% plant height affected, 40% coverage 24 moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) MS-S 60 60 50% plant height affected, 30% coverage 53 Kernel and milk development, Kernel watery ripe (clear liquid) 71 70% plant height affected, 20% coverage 72 Tillering, Main shoot and 3 Tillers 23 Leaf Ci Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration. GrndCov Measurement High throughput approaches to measuring ground cover are: visual assessment or digital analysis of photographs Measurement of the light intercepted by the canopy using a ceptometer as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. LI Computation Measurement of leaf thickness. Leaf Thickness Leaf thickness LeafThk Net photosynthesis rate Leaf Carbon fixation by photosynthesis. Anet Leaf net photosynthesis rate scale_of Seedling Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the seedlings caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriSdlgResp Stripe rust seedling response Stripe rust seedling response index Plant Leaf area index Leaf area index It is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies and defined as the leaf area per unit ground surface area. LAI GScreen Grain Proportion of small grain passing through a sieve. Grain screenings Screenings proportion Aluminum tolerance Plant tolerance to aluminum. Aluminum tolerance Plant AlTol Nitrogen uptake efficiency Plant N-uptake efficiency as the total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground plant at harvest in relation to the available Nitrogen in soil. Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency BMNUpE NWI2 Canopy Canopy normalized water index 2 Normalized water index 2 Normalized water index 2 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). degree C day Difference between ambient temperature and canopy temperature. Canopy temperature depression CTD Canopy Temperature depression mmol/m2/s TTIB Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until initiation of booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. LRollInc Estimation Standard method for leaf rolling incidence. Total protein content (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in refined flour. Flour protein content Protein content Flour FlrProt t/ha Marvin method for whole surface area. GSurfA_Measurement CiCa Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Standard method for whole meal flour yellow pigment. WMFlrYellPig Measurement %/min Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.5 mm - 2.2 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass3 StmCol Stem Stem color Color Color of the stems. Content of phosphorus in grain. Grain phosphorous content Grain GPhos Phosphorous content 0-9 Mc Neal scale GMoi Estimation Moisture content is determined by drying a grain wheat sample in an air oven and comparing the weight of the sample before and after heating. The amount of weight loss is the moisture content. Moisture content results are expressed as a percentage. Terminal spikelet thermal time Plant TTTS Terminal spikelet thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Terminal Spikelet (GS30). GFPTT Plant Grain filling period thermal time Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87) in thermal time. Grain filling period thermal time DR date Estimation Record date of double ridge stage (DS14-15 approx.). Double ridge signifies that the plant?s main growing point will produce no more primordial leaves, and instead will produce primordial spikelets of the young spike. The dissection and observation of the main tiller apex on an optic magnifier is required. Severity of leaf/stem/stripe rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Modified cobb scale for severity Standard method for russian wheat aphid damage. DnoxiDmg Estimation g/100 grain Double digit Estimation The method was improved by using two digits, representing the vertical disease progress and an estimate of severity. The first digit gives the relative height of the disease using the original 0-9 Saari-Prescott scale as a measure. The second digit shows the disease severity as a percentage but in terms of 0-9. Because it is difficult to evaluate diseases on dead leaves, disease notes should be taken when at least four leaves are still alive and green (soft to mid-dough growth stage). Then visually evaluate the average percentage severity on only those leaves of the uppermost four that are infected. In practice, the percent severity is estimated on an overall score. The following format is used for scoring severity: 10% coverage = 1, 20% coverage = 2, 30% coverage = 3, 40% coverage = 4, 50% coverage = 5, 60% coverage = 6, 70% coverage = 7, 80% coverage = 8, 90% coverage = 9. The score of 10 is not used. Grain Zinc content Zinc content Content of zinc in grain. Grain GZinc Glutenin Glu-D3 composition Glutenin Glu-D3 composition Flour GluD3 Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d3. FlrFN Measurement 1. A 7-gram sample of ground wheat or flour is weighed and combined with 25 milliliter of distilled water in a glass falling number tube with a stirrer and shaken to form a slurry. When grinding a wheat sample to perform a falling number test, it should be at least 300 grams to assure a representative sample, 2. As the slurry is heated in a boiling water bath at 100° Centigrade and stirred constantly, the starch gelatinizes and forms a thick paste, 3. The time it takes the stirrer to drop through the paste is recorded as the falling number value. text Leaf Spot blotch incidence Spot blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (helminthosporium sativum). Spot blotch incidence HsatiLInc GLys Measurement Standard method for grain lysine content. g/m2 Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. PnegleDmg Estimation Length of stem. Length Stem length StmLng Stem FvLAFmLA measurement Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a light adapted leaf. g/MJ Observe the growth stage or development stage (DS) of wheat plants using the Zadoks scale decimal code, based on 10 major stages, with each stage divided into sub-stages. GrwStg Zadoks Estimation Calculated with grain yield obtained /days to maturity. GYPR Computation ErlVig Estimation Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B. Coleoptile Length ColeopLng Length of coleoptile (a protective sheath that surrounds the shoot tip and the embryonic leaves of the young shoot of grasses). Coleoptile length Counting the number of plant per area or row. PlntStnd Counting Plant GFP Grain filling period Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Grain filling period Awns Presence Standard method for awn presence estimation. Anther extrusion Anther AnthExt Anther extrusion Extrusion of anthers. Glutenin Glu-B3 composition GluB3 Flour Glutenin Glu-B3 composition Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b3. Spike Spike disease development The plant damage caused by spike diseases. SpkDis Spike disease development BlkPtInc Estimation Black point incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of grain with black point symptoms. Leaf Pubescence length Leaf pubescent length. LeafPubLng Leaf pubescence length LeafWid Measurement Standard method for leaf width. Standard method for straw yield. StrawYld Estimation Standard method for crop growth rate. CropGrwRate Computation Plant PgramSev Stem rust severity Stem rust severity Stem rust (black rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Plant Emergence time is when the first leaf appears above the soil surface. Emergence time Emergence time Emer Flour Flour gluten type Gluten type GluTyp Gluten type whether weak-tenacious/tenacious/weak/medium strong/strong. ISBM Estimation Standard method for In-season aboveground biomass. Seedling rust field response Estimation Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. Seedling rust field response Estimation Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. SedIdx Measurement Standard method for sedimentation index. Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. LRollSev Leaf rolling severity Leaf Rolling severity StmWSC Measurement Sampling for water soluble carbohydrate is often combined with in-season biomass sampling and partitioning. Ensure to plan sampling approach carefully to allow for maximal data collection/economy of sampling (e.g., data on partitioning weights can be collected on the same 20 culm sample). The leaf lamina and/or leaf sheath may also be analyzed for WSC separately, or not removed from the stem for ?whole stem? analysis. Lab analysis is performed by NIR or wet chemical method. Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. RUE Computation Plant The plant damage caused by birds. Bird damage Bird damage BirdDmg SpkLng Measurement Measured in centimeters from the base of the spike to the tip excluding the awns (average of 6-10 random spikes in plot). Node number NodeN Stem Number of nodes in the main stem. Node number SaltTol Salinity tolerance Plant Salinity tolerance Plant tolerance to soil salinity. Sprouting tolerance Sprouting tolerance SproutTol Grain Tolerance of grain to sprout when in the spike. The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. Root lesion nematode damage Root RLNDmg Root lesion nematode damage Barley leaf rust severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Leaf Barley leaf rust severity PhordSev Barley leaf rust severity % Stand Plant Plant stand Plant population or plant density. PlntStnd Observe winterkill of plants per plot and rate it. WKill Estimation Standard method for Septoria species response. SepSpResp Estimation Alveograph value P AlvP P value is the force required to blow the bubble of dough. it is indicated by the maximum height of the curve. Dough Dough alveograph value P Tillering capacity Tillering capacity An tillering capacity. Plant TllrCapacity Barley leaf rust incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf PhordCI spikelet/spike Bread crumb structure CrmStr The cellular structure of wheat bread crumb. Structure Bread Thermal Time from emergence to Anthesis (GS65). Anthesis thermal time Anthesis thermal time Plant TTA Pratylenchus thornei damage The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei. PthornDmg Root Pratylenchus thornei damage RootDis Estimation Standard method for root disease development. Leaf lamina partitioning index. Lamina partitioning index Leaf lamina partitioning index LeafPI Leaf Flour Glutenin Glu-B1 composition High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b1. Glutenin Glu-B1 composition GluB1 Pratylenchus neglectus damage Pratylenchus neglectus damage The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus. Root PnegleDmg cm Light energy intercepted by the canopy. Light interception Canopy Canopy light interception LI Standard method for net blotch incidence. HtereInc Estimation Image Analysis Screen Count6 Standard method for screening grain size distribution <1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. RootRot Estimation Standard method for common root rot incidence. Spike Photosynthesis Spike photosynthesis contribution Photosynthetic contribution of the spike (ear) to grain yield. Spike SpkPho The weight of the grain taken per tiller. TllrGW Measurement Early vigour Plant ErlVig Capacity of a seedling or plant to grow vegetatively in early stages of development. Plant early vigour Flag leaf lamina length Length of flag leaf lamina. Flag leaf lamina FLeafLLng Length SpkPho Computation Textile treatment is used to inhibit photosynthesis of the spikes through shading(comparison between control and treated spikes). Randomly selected spikes (for example: 12 spikes) per plot are covered with a special designed textile 10 days after anthesis under irrigation and drought or 10 days after heading under heat environments. Then, at physiological maturity the spikes are harvested together with 12 control spikes and the number of grains and weight are recorded and compared the treated spikes with the control ones (Sanchez-Bragado et al., 2016). Standard method for barley stripe mosaic virus incidence. BSMV Estimation GFP pct Computation Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. NHI Computation Calculated as total grain Nitrogen divided by the total biomass Nitrogen. Sample as for spikelets per spike randomly select 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the spikelets, thresh, count grains, and calculate, or less accurately simply calculate from calculated grains per spike and measured spikelet number. GrnSpl Computation Rust Coefficient of infection Computation Coefficient of infection (CI) calculated by multiplying the severity times a constant for host response: where immune = 0.0, R=0.2, MR =0.4, MS =0.8, and S=1.0. Severity of rust in spike is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. PstriSpkSev Estimation Standard method for stem diameter. StmDia Measurement 1. A 10-gram sample of flour or ground wheat is weighed and placed into the glutomatic washing chamber on top of the polyester screen, 2. The sample is mixed and washed with a 2 percent salt solution for 5 minutes, 3. The wet gluten is removed from the washing chamber, placed in the centrifuge holder, and centrifuged, 4. The residue retained on top of the screen and through the screen is weighed. FLRGluCon Measurement 1-6 Phenological relative scale GYellBer Yellow berry incidence Grain yellow berry incidence Refers to grains showing chalky or starchy endosperm areas. Grain Whole meal flour SDS sedimentation Testing of whole-meal flour quality by SDS-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. SDS-sedimentation volume WMFlrSDS Whole meal flour WMFlrAsh Estimation Standard method for ash content in whole meal flour. SplN Spikelet number Spikelet Number of spikelets per spike. Number PH Plant Height Plant height Height of plant from ground to top of spike, excluding awns. Plant UagroResp Flag smut disease response in the plants caused by the agent Urocystic agropyri causing flag smut disease. Flag smut plant response Flag smut plant response 0-9 density scale Ability of the plant to remain/maintain green leaves, stems and spikes at the time of senescing. Canopy stay green Canopy Stay green StayGreen WKill Winter kill damage Winter kill damage Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Plant Wheat blast severity MgrisSev Wheat blast severity in the spikes caused by the agent Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: It can infect all above-ground parts of the wheat plant, but head blast, resembling Fusarium head blight in appearance, is the most common symptom in the field. Infected spikes become bleached and produce small shriveled seed or none at all. Spike Wheat blast severity Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. RLNDmg Estimation LeafPSSRb Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Production per day BMPR Biomass Biomass production rate. Biomass production rate 0-9 DAMAGE scale Normalized water index 1 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Canopy Normalized water index 1 NWI1 Canopy normalized water index 1 Leaf rust incidence Leaf rust incidence PrecoInc Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf Spike Dwarf bunt incidence Dwarf bunt incidence Dwarf bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia controversa. TcontInc Glume pubescence length on outer side of sterile glume. Glume Glume pubescence length Pubescence length GlmPubLng Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spike weight Spike FHBSpkWt Fusarium head blight spike weight Heading time Plant Heading time extends from the time of emergence of the tip of the spike from the flag leaf sheath to when the spike has completely emerged but has not yet started to flower. Hd Heading time GFR Grain fill rate Grain fill rate Plant Grain weight increase per day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). PhiPS2 Measurement Standard method for fluorescence measurement. BMNUp Uptake of Nitrogen in the above ground biomass at maturity. Nitrogen uptake Plant Above ground biomass nitrogen uptake g/1000 grain Stem StmStrength Stem strength Strength Strength of the culm. FgramResp Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum response. Image Analysis Screen Count1 Standard method for screening grain size distribution >2.8 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R)machine. Standard method for awnedness. Awns Estimation Standard method for glume pubescence density. GlmPubDen Estimation Calculated with final biomass obtained /days to maturity. BMPR Computation Indication of the amount of sprout damage that has occurred within a wheat sample. falling number value of 350 seconds or longer indicates a low enzyme activity and very sound wheat quality. as the amount of enzyme activity increases, the falling number decreases. Values below 200 seconds indicate high levels of enzyme activity. Falling number Whole meal flour falling number WMFlrFN Whole meal flour Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriCI Leaf Stripe rust coefficient of infection Stripe rust coefficient of infection Plant damage caused by herbicide. Plant Herbicide damage HerbicideDmg Herbicide damage The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R675 nm wavelength. Leaf LeafR675 Leaf spectral reflectance 675 nm Spectral reflectance StmCol Estimation Standard method for stem color. FvDAFmLA measurement Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a dark adapted leaf. Ci Computation Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Snail damage Snail damage Plant SnailDmg The plant damage caused by snails. b value HgramInc Barley helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence in the plants caused by the agent Drechslera graminea (helminthosporium gramineum). Leaf Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. BM Measurement num TTM Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until physiological maturity (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. 1-5 TOL scale Carbon isotope discrimination Grain carbon isotope discrimination GCID Grain carbon isotope discrimination at maturity from drought trials provides genotypic effects most likely to be related to transpiration rate or an integrative measurement of stomatal conductance. Grain day Dough alveograph P/L Dough AlvPL Ratio of tenacity (p, maximum pressure required for the deformation of the sample) and extensibility (l, length of the curve) of dough. Alveograph P/L Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) severity in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). Plant Fusarium leaf blotch severity FnivLBSev Fusarium leaf blotch severity SaltTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at the field presenting soil salinity and rate the tolerance. mg/kg UtritInc Estimation Standard method for loose smut incidence. Standard method for spectral reflectance. Canopy spectral reflectance Measurement Image Analysis Screen Mass4 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.2 mm - 2.0 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Grain number per spike GrnSpk Number of grains per spike. Grain number Spike Calculated as grain yield per unit of Nitrogen taken up. Nute Computation FlrYld Yield Proportion of flour recovered during milling. Flour yield Flour The plant damage caused by Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxis. DnoxiDmg Plant Russian wheat aphid damage Russian wheat aphid damage StdEst Estimation Standard method for standard establishment. Leaf spectral reflectance 550 nm Leaf Spectral reflectance The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R550 nm wavelength. LeafR550 Image Analysis Screen Mass2 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.8 mm - 2.5 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Number of grains per spikelet. GrnSpl Grain number Spikelet Grain number per spikelet 1-5 GRNCOL scale tiller/m Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. GW Measurement Spike awnedness Spike Awnedness Observation of awn type whether awnless/awnletted (short awns)/awned (conspicious awns). Awns Leaf Tan spot severity TanSpotSev Tan spot severity Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. ColdTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at temperature lower than the optimum temperature and rate the tolerance. NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement SnodoInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that are below 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass6 Minimal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Minimal fluorescence intensity FoLA Leaf minimal fluorescence intensity Leaf LeafTNecro Tip necrosis Leaf A physiological phenomenon caused by hot, dry and windy weather. the whole tip of the flag leaf tends to be necrotic and will often fold over. leaf tip necrosis progresses from the margins of the flag leaf tip and lower leaves as well show some signs of it. leaf tip necrosis is observed to some extent in all wheat varieties containing the leaf rust gene resistance gene lr34. Leaf tip necrosis incidence Frost damage Plant damage caused by frost. FrostDmg Frost damage Plant Root disease development Root disease development Root The plant damage caused by root diseases. RootDis StomaFrq Counting Standard method for stomatal frequency. mm 0-1 absent-present Straw Nitrogen uptake Straw Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole above ground straw. STRNUp Nitrogen uptake Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the straw at harvest. STRNUp Computation A vegetation index related with canopy structure, light absorption and photosynthetic capacity. SR Canopy Simple ratio Canopy simple ratio Grain NutE Nitrogen utilization efficiency as the grain dry mass in relation to the total amount of Nitrogen in above-ground plant at harvest. Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency Grain Nitrogen utilization efficiency Stem rust plant response Stem rust plant response PgramResp Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Plant Variable fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FvLA Measurement BLBSev Estimation Standard method for wheat bacterial leaf blight severity. HeatTol Heat tolerance Plant tolerance to heat conditions. Heat tolerance Plant AwnLng Awn length Length Awn length. Awn Proportion of big grain remaining above the sieve. GReten Grain retention Retention proportion Grain Straw Breakage Straw breakage StrawBreak Amount of straw breakage. Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Plant Septoria nodorum blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Stagonospora nodorum (syn. Septoria glume blotch) (Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude (syn. Stagonospora nodorum). Septoria nodorum blotch incidence SnodoInc Distorted leaves and stems are evident prior to heading. As diseased plants approach maturity, galls are formed in the florets, replacing the kernels. The galls are similar in shape to the seed they replace and are dark brown in color. Large numbers of motile larvae are present within the galls and become active after the galls have been moistened. These nematodes can act as vectors of Clavibacter tritici. SGNDmg Estimation PrecoNote Leaf rust notes Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust notes Leaf Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Canopy Normalized difference vegetation index GNDVI Canopy green normalized difference vegetation index Drought tolerance DroughtTol Drought tolerance Plant Plant tolerance to drought conditions. Standard method for grain iron content. GIron Measurement One of the key quality parameters in the determination of durum quality referring to translucent or glass-like appearance when seeds are transversely sectioned and observed whether not vitreous/partly vitreous/vitreous. it is associated with high protein and hard grain. Grain GVtr Grain vitreousness Vitreousness ISBM In-season aboveground biomass Aboveground biomass In-season Plant All above-ground biomass at any developmental stage and/or at regular intervals from the emergence to physiological maturity. kg/hl Leaf Leaf steady-state fluorescence Fs The fluorescence emitting during steady state. Steady-state fluorescence Standard method for tillering capacity. TllrCapacity Estimation Leaf rust seedling response Leaf rust seedling response Seedling Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. PrecoSdlgResp Forage dry matter Forage dry matter. ForgDM Plant Forage dry matter GCol Grain color Color Grain color. Grain NeckBreak Observation of spike break from the base of head. Peduncle neck break Neck break Peduncle Plant tolerance to acid soil. AcdTol Acid soil tolerance Acid soil tolerance Plant g/plant Leaf R550 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R550. Wheat yellow dwarf incidence in the plants caused by the agent wheat yellow dwarf virus. BYDInc Barley yellow dwarf incidence Barley yellow dwarf incidence Plant Sheath partitioning index LeafSPI Leaf sheath partitioning index. Leaf sheath partitioning index Leaf AACC 55-10 or SeedCount management procedure Standard method for test weight. 1-5 DMG scale StmWSC NIR Measurement Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with NIRs. 1-5 scoring scale Leaf Leaf length Length of leaf. Length LeafLng Sharp eyespot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia cerealis. Sharp eyespot incidence Sharp eyespot incidence RcereInc Plant PhordInc Barley leaf rust incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Barley leaf rust incidence Leaf Barley leaf rust incidence Double digit (00-99) GlmGlau Glaucousness in glume. Glume glaucousness Glaucousness Glume NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Spike Stripe rust spike severity PstriSpkSev Stripe rust spike severity Stripe rust incidence PstriInc Leaf Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust incidence Cookie spread factor The ratio between average height and width of cookies. Cookie Spread factor CookSdF Thermal Time from emergence to Initiation of Booting (GS41). Initiation of Booting thermal time TTIB Booting initiation thermal time Plant HsatiLInc Estimation Standard method for Spot blotch incidence. g/l Septoria blotch incidence Septoria blotch incidence Leaf SepSPInc Septoria blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Leaf Chlorophyll content LeafPSSRb Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll b Minolta Chroma Meter Test Measurement of flour/whole meal/grain color with the Minolta chromameter, L value represents whiteness, a* value (reddishness) represents red and green colors and b* value (yellowness) represents yellow and blue colors. Using the Minolta Chroma Meter Test: 1. A sample of flour/whole meal/grain is placed on the granular materials attachment and compacted, 2. The Minolta Chroma Meter is inserted into the granular materials attachment, 3. Measurements are taken and recorded, 4.Color results are reported in terms of 3-dimensional color values based on the following rating scale: L* value whiteness: 100 white, 0 black, a* value positive +60 red color, negative values -60 green color, b* value positive +60 yellow color, negative values -60 blue color. Grain thickness GThk Thickness of whole grain. Grain Thickness g/plot Standard method for aphid damage. AphDmg Estimation FgramInc Fusarium graminearum incidence Spike Fusarium graminearum incidence Fusarium graminearum incidence in the plants. Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Amax Measurement Record booting stage (DS45) when 50% of culms present boot swollen. Boot DS45 date Estimation µm Septoria blotch severity Septoria blotch severity Leaf Septoria blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. SepSpSev Common bunt incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TilSpSpkInc Estimation AlTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a soil presenting aluminum toxicity and rate the tolerance. Measured as weight by percentage of all matter passing through a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots GScreen Measurement GFPTT Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. FrostDmg Estimation Score the damage caused by frost per plot. StrawYld Yield Straw Straw yield Amount (weight) of straw. LeafGlau Estimation Standard method for leaf glaucousness. PlntStnd Computation Calculate number of plant per area. BTol Estimation The response of a cultivar or genotype is expressed on a score 1-9, where 1= highly susceptible and 9 = highly tolerant, based on the extent of bronze colored necrosis of leaf tips extending down the leaf margins Powdery mildew incidence in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. EgramInc Leaf Powdery mildew incidence Powdery mildew incidence kg/kg N Calculated as the above ground biomass divided by the total soil Nitrogen. BMNUE Computation Record date of anthesis (DS65) when 50% of spikes have flowered (i.e. at least 1 anther dehisced). Ant DS65 date Estimation GlmCol Glume color Glume Color Color observation on the outer glume at maturity. NDVI Canopy Normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Canopy normalized difference vegetation index PRI Photochemical reflectance index Photochemical reflectance index is correlated with the de-epoxidation stage of the xanthophylls cycle, with zeaxanthin, and with radiation-use efficiency (filella et al., 1996). higher pri values indicate greater efficiency. Canopy photochemical reflectance index Canopy Content of iron in grain. Grain Iron content Grain Iron content GIron 1-9 general scale ml High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a1. Glutenin Glu-A1 composition Flour GluA1 Glutenin Glu-A1 composition Stem rust coefficient of infection Plant PgramCI Stem rust coefficient of infection Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Shattering Observation of grains dehiscence from spike at maturity. Shattering Spike Spike shattering SemoCol The semolina color. Color Semolina color Semolina Lodging incidence Lodg Lodging incidence Indicates incidence of lodged plants. Plant Stem rust notes PgramNote Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Stem rust notes Plant Some forms of spotting and necrosis result from chromosomal instability or genetic aberrations, these disorders are known as hybrid necrosis. Affected plants show differing degrees of necrosis, often associated with stunting or dwarf clumping. Hybrid necrosis usually is observed in early generation material, and affected progeny are eliminated HNecro Estimation SpkTyp Estimation Standard method for spike type. tiller/m2 CT Canopy Canopy temperature The surface temperature of the canopy is related to the amount of transpiration resulting in evaporative cooling. Temperature GYFac Computation Standard method for yield factor Image Analysis Screen Mass1 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains greater than 2.8 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. GrwHabit Growth habit Plant growth habit Plant The growth habit of the plant whether erect/semi-erect/semi-spreading/spreading/prostrate. 1-9 STRAWBREAK scale AgrScr Estimation For agronomic score observe visually detectable signs of factors limiting yields and rate. Leaf Glaucousness Leaf glaucousness Glaucousness in leaf. LeafGlau NIR calibrated NIRS Fibre Measurement Content of wet gluten in flour. Gluten content FLRGluCon Flour Flour gluten content Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. PthornDmg Estimation GFR Computation Calculated daily grain weight increase between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration. FHBSplInc Fusarium head blight (scab) spikelets incidence caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence Spikelet SnailDmg Estimation Standard method for snail damage. Biomass production Plant It is the rate of dry matter production per unit area. Crop growth rate CGR Density or compactness of a wheat spike. Spike Spike density SpkDen Density Variable fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FvDA Measurement NodeN Counting Standard method for node number. Standard method for southern blight response. SrolfResp Estimation SDS-PAGE electrophoresis 1. Extract storage proteins (glutenins/gliadins) from wheat grain, 2. Separate glutenins from gliadins, 3. Run proteins extracts in polyacrylamide gels, 4. Stain the gel and de-stain, 5. Identify the allele for each locus. ?mol/m2/s Image Analysis Screen Count5 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.0 ? 1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Spike sterility observed as infertile florets. Spike Spike sterility index SpkSterility Sterility mm2 Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. ISBM Measurement LeafPubDen Estimation Standard method for leaf pubescence density. Standard method for powdery mildew incidence. EgramInc Estimation a value Spectral reflectance LeafR750R700 Leaf spectral reflectance 750/550 nm The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R550 nm wavelength. Leaf Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Leaf Tan spot incidence Tan spot incidence TanSpotInc 1-8 generic disease field response scale Fusarium wilt incidence Fusarium wilt incidence Plant Fusarium wilt incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium oxysporum. FoxiWilt 0-9 RCERE scale Leaf LeafR750R700 Spectral reflectance The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R700 nm wavelength. Leaf spectral reflectance 750/700 nm SedIdx Flour SDS sedimentation index Is the result of dividing sedimentation volume by flour protein content. Sedimentation index Flour CiCa Leaf intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Leaf Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio. Standard method for grain zinc content. GZinc Measurement Flour FlrSDS Flour SDS sedimentation SDS sedimentation volume Testing of refined flour quality by sds-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. Pubescence density Leaf Leaf pubescence density Leaf hairiness density. LeafPubDen SpkTyp Spike type Spike Shape characteristics of typical mature spikes. Type 1-5 GLUTYP scale Seedling Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Stem rust seedling response Stem rust seedling response PgramSdlgResp Plant Hessian fly damage The plant damage caused by hessian fly, Maytiola destructor. Hessian fly damage HesFlyDmg Rust severity Estimation Severity of rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Grain GApp Grain appearance Appearance of a single grain. Appearance Plant Southern blight plant response SrolfResp Southern blight plant response Southern blight response in the plants caused by the agent Corticum rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii). Calculated as time between emergence (DS10) and first node detectable (DS31) as percentage of crop cycle duration. VgP Computation Quantum yield of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation. Leaf quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Leaf PhiCO2 Quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Senescence FLeafSen Flag leaf Flag leaf senescence Flag leaf senescence. 1-9 incidence scale Lysine content Lysine content of the kernel/grain. GLys Grain Grain lysine content CID determination Proceed following the protocol for sampling of grains or leaves for CID in Chapter 6 in Pask et al., 2012. Mass spectrometers generate differential values of stable carbon isotope composition (?13C), expressed negative values in parts per thousand (?) (Farquhar et al., 1989): ?13C (?) = [(Rsample/Rstandard)?1] × 1000. Where: the ratio of heavy to light isotope (R = 13C/12C) for the sample is in comparison to Peedee Belemnite (PDB) carbonate (limestone) standard. Following Farquhar et al. (1989) ? rather than using carbon isotope composition values (?13C), positive values for CID (?13C) can be calculated for easier statistical analysis as: ?13C = [(?a-?p)]/[1 + (?p/1000)] All above-ground biomass at maturity. BM Aboveground biomass at maturity Plant Aboveground biomass at maturity NIRS Starch Measurement NIR calibrated Anthesis time Anthesis time Anthesis or flowering time is the period during which a flower is fully open and functional. pollination and fertilization occur during this period. Plant Ant Fusarium head blight AUDPC FHBAUDPC Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Spike Fusarium head blight AUDPC Rachis Rachis length Length Length of rachis. RachLng kg/ha Plant Nitrogen content of the above ground biomass. BMNitr Nitrogen content Above ground biomass nitrogen content Straw NIR calibrated. STR NIRS Measurement Plant First node detectable time is when the stem starts the elongation or jointing period, first node becomes visible as it appears above the soil surface. First node detectable time FND First node detectable time Area of the flag leaf lamina. Flag leaf Area FLeafA Flag leaf area Standard method for take all incidence. GgtriInc Estimation Variable fluorescence FvLA Variable fluorescence measured in the leaf. Leaf Leaf variable fluorescence Record date of first node detectable (DS31). It is easier to determine in the field than DS30. It is estimated in-field as the day at which the first node can be detected at approximately 1 cm above the tillering node. The observation is performed in the main tiller. FND DS31 date Estimation Growth class Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat. Growth class Plant GrwCls Take measurements at least two times from full ground cover to the end of booting (pre-heading), and at least two times from the end of anthesis to late grainfilling (grain-filling) -with 5-7 days between each measurement to give a reasonably heritable estimate of trait expression. CT Measurement GrndCov Crop ground cover, or the percentage of soil surface covered by plant foliage. Plant Ground cover Crop ground cover SN Measurement It can be easily and non-destructively measured during grain-filling (i.e., before physiological maturity) by counting in a given area or length of row. plant/plot StayGreen Estimation Stay-green assessment is conducted through the growing season, starting with the onset of the senescence of the specific organ to be evaluated. AlvPG Dough Alveograph P/G It is the p/g ratio. Dough alveograph P/G Double ridge time is just when apex changes from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. Double ridge time DRidge Double ridge time Plant Grain weight per tiller GWTTILL Tiller Grain weight Grain weight per tiller. Grain GAmyloPec Amylopectin content Content of amylopectin in grain. Grain amylopectin content Width Width of flag leaf lamina. FLeafLWid Flag leaf lamina width Flag leaf lamina FE Computation Spike fertility index. Dry weight of 20 randomly selected spikes at anthesis. Fruiting Efficiency= number of grains at maturity / spike dry matter at anthesis. FHBSpkInc Estimation Standard method for FHB spike incidence. Standard method for leaf pubescence length. LeafPubLng Measurement Grain surface area Surface of whole grain. Grain Surface area GsurfA Plant Thermal Time from emergence to Booting (GS45). Booting thermal time Booting thermal time TTB infertile tiller/m2 Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf Leaf rust coefficient of infection PrecoCI FvLAFmLA Maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured in the leaf. Leaf Leaf maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry Plant Ability to survive or withstand cold temperatures in the late fall, winter, or early spring. Wsurv Winter survival Winter survival Standard method for awn color. AwnCol Estimation SN Number of spikes (fertile culms) per unit area, sample or plant. Spike number Number Spike CookSdF Measurement Standard method for cookie spread factor. Standard method for stem strength. StmStrength Estimation Mat DS87 relative Estimation Assessment of physiological maturity (approx. DS87) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. 1. A sample of 60 grams or 250 grams of flour is mixed with a salt solution to form a dough. 2. The dough is sheeted, rested and inflated in the Chopin Alveograph, 2. Five 4.5 centimeter circular dough patties are formed and then rested in the alveograph in a temperature-regulated compartment at 25 degrees Celsius for approximately 20 minutes, 3. Each dough patty is tested individually. The alveograph blows air into a dough patty, which expands into a bubble that eventually breaks, 4. The pressure inside the bubble is recorded as a curve on graph paper. The alveograph determines the gluten strength of a dough by measuring the force required to blow and break a bubble of dough. The results include P Value, L Value, and W Value. ALVEOGRAPH determination AACC 54-30 A Estimate of the area lodged in the sampled plot. Lodg Estimation Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.2 ? 2.0 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count4 1. A sample of 35 grams of flour on a 14 percent moisture basis is weighed and placed in a mixograph bowl, 2. Water is added to the flour from a buret and the bowl is inserted into the mixograph, 3. The flour and water are mixed together to form a dough, 4. As the dough is mixed, the mixograph records a curve on graph paper. MIXOGRAPH determination AACC 54-40 A Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. RNDVI Canopy red normalized difference vegetation index Canopy Normalized difference vegetation index spike/m2 Leaf stomatal frequency Leaf Stomatal frequency Number of stomata counted per unit area on the leaf surface. StomaFrq 0-8 Rust infection type RSpkGP Computation Phase period where the spike growth the most regarding the whole crop cycle and can be calculated as (anthesis date-initiation of booting date)/days to maturity *100. 1-9 TOL scale Standard method for Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence. HgramInc Estimation HtereInc Net blotch incidence Net blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (helminthosporium teres). Leaf Net blotch incidence SLA Measurement Leaf area of flag leaf or all laminas is measured. Then the leaves are oven dried at 60-70oC for 48h and the dry weight is recorded. Then, the specific leaf area is calculated as the ratio of leaf area to dry mass SLA= leaf area/dry mass. Maximal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Leaf maximal fluorescence intensity FmDL Leaf Maximal fluorescence intensity BYDInc Estimation Standard method for barley yellow dwarf incidence. 1-6 MIXTYP scale Content of starch (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain starch content Grain Gstarch Starch content Spike length Spike Length of spike. SpkLng Length yyyymmdd Leaf SBMVInc Soil borne mosaic incidence Soil borne mosaic incidence in the plants caused by the agent soilborne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv) which is vectored by Plasmodiophorid polymyxa graminis. Soil borne mosaic incidence Canopy The amount of biomass produced per unit of intercepted solar radiation. RUE_T Radiation use efficiency Radiation Use Efficiency SawflyDmg Estimation Standard method for sawfly damage. LeafWid Leaf width Leaf Width Width of leaf. FoLA Measurement Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. Number Grain Grain number GN Number of grains expressed as per unit area or sample. SN Computation Calculated from yield components sampling. Wsurv Estimation Standard method for winter survival. Karnal bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia indica (syn. Neovossia indica). TindiInc Spike Karnal bunt incidence Karnal bunt incidence Water soluble carbohydrate content Water soluble carbohydrates accumulate up to and around anthesis and are partitioned to the stem, from where they are later available as a reservoir for remobilization to the developing grains. These reserves are an important source of carbon for grain filling. StmWSC Stem water soluble carbohydrate Stem GY Grain yield Amount (weight) of grains that was harvested. Yield Grain HtereSev Leaf Net blotch severity Net blotch severity Net blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (Helminthosporium teres). µmol CO2/mol Standard method for insect damage. InsectDmg Estimation Standard method for spectral reflectance. RNDVI Measurement Standard method for FHB infected spikelets counting. FHBSplInc Counting StomaSiz Leaf Leaf stomatal size Stomatal size Stomata size. Standard method for spike shattering. Shattering Estimation PedGlau Estimation Standard method for peduncle glaucousness. BM Computation Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. Semolina yellow pigment content Yellow pigment content Semolina Semolina yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. SemoYellPig Dough AlvL L value is the extensibility of the dough before the bubble breaks. it is indicated by the length of the curve. Dough alveograph value L Alveograph value L Calculated as sum of straw Nitrogen content and grain Nitrogen content according to the biomass partition into straw and grain. BM NIRS Computation Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the grain at harvest. GNUp Computation Specific leaf area Specific leaf area Leaf SLA A ratio of the leaf area to dry mass. Canopy Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a Rarsa is an estimation of chlorophyll a content. Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a RARSa Standard method for whole grain thickness. GThk Measurement PhotopResp Estimation Observe the tendency of flowering according day-length FmDA Measurement Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. GY Computation Use formulae to calculate grain yield in g/m2 ml/% 1-4 HRDCLS scale Canopy normalized water index 4 Normalized water index 4 Canopy NWI4 Normalized water index 4 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). 1-5 TANSPOT field response scale Color of straw. Straw StrawCol Straw color Color mmol H2O/m2/s StrawCol Estimation Standard method for straw color. LRollInc Leaf Rolling incidence Incidence of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Leaf rolling incidence Take all incidence GgtriInc Plant Take all incidence Take-all incidence in the plants caused by the agent Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt). Grain weight per spike SpkGW Grain weight per spike. Spike Grain weight True stem partitioning index Stem True stem partitioning index TSPI True stem partitioning index. Septoria tritici blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Plant Septoria tritici blotch plant response Septoria tritici blotch plant response StritResp Grain protein deviation GPD Deviation from the grain yield -grain protein linear regression. Plant Grain Protein Deviation 0-5 Septoria Response scale Standard method for grain phosphorus content. GPhos Measurement Barley scald severity in the plants caused by the agent Rhynchosporium secalis. RsecaSev Barley scald severity Barley scald severity Plant Light-saturated net photosynthesis Asat Leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis Leaf Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light. GluA3 Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a3. Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Flour Semolina Protein content Protein content in durum wheat semolina. Semolina protein content SemoProt Canopy RARSb Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Rarsb is an estimation of chlorophyll b content. 1-6 COLOR scale SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis (1BL1RS) Detect in the SDS-PAGE gel the presence of some protein bands from rye chromosome translocation. Grain Fibre content Content of fibre (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain fibre content Gfibre PhotopResp Plant Extent to which long days hasten flowering. Plant photoperiod response Photoperiod response Seedling TanSpotSdlgResp Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot seedling response Tan spot seedling response Grain GMoi Grain moisture content Moisture content of grain. Moisture content AwnCol Awn Awn color Color Awn color. Standard method for straw breakage. StrawBreak Estimation Nitrogen use efficiency NUE The grain dry mass (grain yield) production per Nitrogen available to a plant. Grain Nitrogen Use Efficiency ETR Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. 1-9 SPKDEN scale Ash content Whole meal flour ash content WMFlrAsh Ash content in flour. Whole meal flour Quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII. Quantum yield of photosystem II Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II PhiPS2 Leaf Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R675. Leaf R675 Measurement HesFlyDmg Estimation Standard method for hessian fly damage. Calculated as the index (ratio) of infected spikelets over total number of spikelets by Calonectria nivalis (Fusarium nivale, F. graminearum) causing scab disease in spike. FHBSplInc Computation Emer DS10 date Estimation Record date of when 50% of seedlings have emerged (DS10). Leaf Leaf electron transport rate Electron transport rate ETR Transfer of electrons during photosynthesis in light saturated leaf. Insect damage The plant damage caused by insects. InsectDmg Plant Insect damage Standard method for loaf volume. LofVol Measurement method_of FLeafLWid Measurement Standard method for flag leaf lamina width. StomaRes Measurement Standard method for stomatal resistance. Plant Boron tolerance BTol Plant tolerance to high levels of soil boron. Boron tolerance Plant Ant damage AntDmg The plant damage caused by ants. Ant damage AnthExt Estimation Standard method for anther extrusion. StmWSC Atrone Measurement Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with chemical method Antrone. Standard method for grain color. GCol Estimation Fusarium head blight spike response Spike Fusarium head blight spike response Fusarium head blight (scab) spike response caused by the agent fusarium spp. FHBSpkResp tiller/plant LeafLng Measurement Standard method for leaf length. Alternaria leaf blight response in the plants caused by the agent Alternaria triticina. Alternaria leaf blight plant response Leaf AtritResp Alternaria leaf blight plant response Asat Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. DroughtTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under droughted condition and rate the tolerance. PH Measurement Measure the length of individual culms from soil surface to the tip of the spike (do not include awn) and record to the nearest centimeter. (Average of 4-10 plants/culms per plot). 1-3 HRDCLS scale Grain Fusarium head blight DON content FHBDON Content of deoxynivalenol or don (vomitoxin) that is often associated with fhb (fusarium spp.) infected grains. Fusarium head blight DON content cm2 FHBGInc Estimation Standard method for FHB grain incidence. 0-9 percentage scale 1-3 FLRYELLCLS scale Pubescence density Peduncle pubescence density Peduncle PedPubDen Peduncle hairiness density. Leaf transpiration rate. Leaf transpiration rate LeafTR Leaf Leaf transpiration rate Standard method for stomatal size. StomaSiz Measurement Standard method for leaf thickness. LeafThk Measurement HI Computation Harvest index is expressed in percentage and can be calculated as Harvest index (%) = (Grain yield/Biomass)*100. Eyespot plant response PherpResp Plant Eye spot response in the plants caused by the fungal species Tapesia yallundae (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoide w-type) and Tapesia acuformis (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides r-type). Symptoms: the eye shape elliptical lesions forms on lower base of stem and lower leaf sheath. The eyespots are straw yellow in color from the middle and are surrounded by the greenish brown to dark brown rings. Eyespot plant response Standard method for wheat blast severity. MgrisSev Estimation Count or calculate the number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per lineal meter, per plant or per square meter. TN Counting RsecaSev Estimation Standard method for barley scald blight severity. Score the damage caused by waterlogging WtrLoggDmg Estimation µmol CO2/m2/s Plant Rhizoctonia root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia solani. Rhizoctonia root rot incidence RsolaInc Rhizoctonia root rot incidence Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FoDA Measurement Whole meal flour WMFlrCol Whole meal flour color The whole meal flour color. Color TanSpotInc Estimation Standard method for tan spot incidence in adult plants. FgramSev Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum severity. Standard method for Fusarium leaf blotch incidence. FnivLBInc Estimation Standard method for flag smut field response. UagroResp Estimation GFP days Computation Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. Length Length of glume. Glume GlmLng Glume length Number of days required from sowing to physiological maturity (approx. DS87). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Mat DS87 DT Computation 1-8 rust field response scale Standard method for suni pest damage. SuPDmg Estimation Germination Germ Grain germination Grain Proportion of seed that germinate under proper condition. min Zadoks or decimal code (00-99) ppm GlmWid Measurement Standard method for glume width. Calculated as time between double ridge (approx. DS14) and anthesis (DS65) as percentage of crop cycle duration. RepP Computation Observe threshability by hand threshing of one or two spikes and rate it according how easily grains are separated from the rachis and glumes using 1 (hard to thresh) to 9 (easy to thresh) scale. Threshblty Estimation Terminal spikelet time is when the last spikelet, the terminal spikelet, has been produced. Terminal spikelet time Terminal spikelet time Plant TSpl Standard method for net blotch severity. HtereSev Estimation Stand establishment Measurement of plant emergence and vigor in the field. Plant StdEst Establish g/m2/day Plant RodentDmg The plant damage caused by rodent. Rodent damage Rodent damage Growth stage GrwStg Growth/developmental stages based on Zadoks decimal code. Plant Growth stage Grain weight increase per degree day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). GFRTT Grain fill rate thermal time Grain fill rate thermal time Plant Plant vigour Vigour Plant PlntVig Capacity of the plant to grow. Standard method for scoring tan spot response in seedlings. TanSpotSdlgResp Estimation Leaf Leaf rust (brown rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust severity Leaf rust severity PrecoSev GW Grain weight Grain Weight Grain weight usually expressed as weight of single, one hundred, two hundred or thousand grains. grain/spike Partitioning index Spike partitioning index Spike partitioning index. Spike SpkPI 1-3 GROWTHCLS scale LeafPSSRa Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll a Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-a. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Chlorophyll content Leaf Standard method for grain hardness class. GHrd Measurement FHBGInc Fusarium head blight grain incidence Fusarium head blight grain incidence Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Grain ArmyWDmg Estimation Standard method for armyworm damage. degree C g/200 grain Grain size. Size Grain size Grain GSize Standard method for Fusarium wilt incidence. FoxiWilt Estimation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTB Computation GNitr Grain Nitrogen content Grain Nitrogen content Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Grain Grain hardness is used as a grading factor to determine the type of wheat. It is a key determinant for classification of wheat and end product quality. GHrd Hardness Grain hardness StrawStn Estimation Standard method for straw strength. Solidness of stem. StmSol Stem solidness Solidness Stem Grain GWid Width of whole grain. Width Grain width GlmPubLng Measurement Standard method for glume pubescence length. Threshability Spike Threshability (ease to thresh) is a score where several spike-related traits such as rachis fragility (brittle or non-brittle rachis) and glume tenacity (hulled or free-threshing). Threshblty Spike threshability Plant damage caused by hail. Plant Hail damage Hail damage HailDmg Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light and CO2. Leaf light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Leaf Light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Amax joules g/day The wheat cyst nematode damage caused by cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae. Cyst nematode damage HavenDmg Cyst nematode damage Root Dough Alveograph value G G stands for the square root of the volume of air in the bubble that was possible before the bubble burst. shows how flexible the dough was during the test. AlvG Dough alveograph value G Dough mixograph type MixTyp Mixograph type (mixograph curve) is used for determining the strength of dough. Dough Mixograph type Plant The disease severity in the plants caused by the agent Helminthosporium species. Helminthosporium species severity HelSpSev Helminthosporium species severity 1-3 SIZE scale 1-5 LRoll scale Both the total number of spikelets and the number of fertile spikelets (i.e., those containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. When sampling large numbers of samples or plots, time may be saved by randomly counting one side of the spike and multiplying by two. SplN Counting Standard method for forage dry matter. ForgDM Estimation FgramSev Fusarium graminearum severity Fusarium graminearum severity in the plants. Fusarium graminearum severity Spike Leaf stomatal conductance Rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide through the stomata. Leaf StomaCond Stomatal conductance Content of protein (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Protein content GProt Grain Grain protein content Tilletia tritici incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TtritInc Estimation StrawYield_Computation Calculated as difference between biomass and grain yield. RcereInc Estimation Main shoots are assessed for sharp eyespot disease. Standard method for semolina yellow pigment. SemoYellPig Measurement Seed gall nematode damage SGNDmg The wheat seed-gall nematode damage caused by Anguina tritici. Seed gall nematode damage Plant Standard method for gas exchange measurement. PhiCO2 Measurement 1-9 PHOTORESP scale Calculate area under disease progress curve. FHBAUDPC Computation Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/700. Leaf R750/R700 Measurement Armyworm damage ArmyWDmg Armyworm damage Plant The plant damage caused by armyworm. FlrYellCls Measurement 15).]]> TTTS Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until terminal spikelet(thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. A small sample of flour or ground wheat (1.0 grams) is weighed and placed in 25-milliliter glass-stoppered graduated cylinder. This is mixed with different solutions for some minutes and then rested. Finally, the volume of the sediment is recorded after 21 minutes. SDS-sedimentation determination Yield factor Yield factor. GYFac Grain yield factor Grain Time period between emergence (ds10) and first node detectable (ds31). Plant vegetative period VgP Plant Vegetative period PrecoResp Leaf rust plant response Leaf rust plant response Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf SpkPI Computation Calculated from shoots sampled seven days after anthesis and SPI is expressed as a ratio and can be calculated as SPI= (dry weight of spikes at anthesis+7/dry weight of the whole plants (shoots) at anthesis+7). Fusarium head blight spike incidence FHBSpkInc Fusarium head blight spike incidence Spike Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in spikes caused by the agent fusarium spp. GlmCol Estimation Standard method for glume color. 1-3 STMSOL scale Foliar disease development Foliar disease development FolDis Leaf The plant damage caused by foliar diseases. HI Harvest index Plant A ratio of grain yield to total above ground biomass. Biomass partitioning to grain Test weight or specific weight is the weight of a fixed volume of clean grains. Grain test weight Grain TestWt Test weight Leaf Leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Chl Record date of heading (DS55) when 50% of the spike is emerged (i.e., middle of the spike at the flag leaf ligule) on 50% of all stems. Hd DS55 date Estimation Plant Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). Fusarium leaf blotch incidence FnivLBInc Fusarium leaf blotch incidence Tilletia laevis incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TlaevInc Estimation Plant Plant tolerance to lower temperatures than the optimum. ColdTol Cold tolerance Cold tolerance Leaf Bacterial leaf streak severity Bacterial leaf streak severity Bacterial leaf streak severity in the plants caused by the agent Xanthomonas translucens. The disease, called black chaff when on the glumes. BLSSev Standard method for peduncle pubescence density. PedPubDen Estimation 0-5 FHB field response scale Dry weight of spike(s). Spike dry weight SpkDW Spike dry weight Spike True Stem Coefficient = True stem DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of true stem is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. TSPI Computation RsolaInc Estimation Standard method for rhizoctonia root rot incidence. Notes taken in the field. Note Estimation Spike Common bunt spike incidence Common bunt (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia species. Common bunt spike incidence TilSpSpkInc WMFlrYellPig Whole meal flour Yellow pigment content Whole meal flour yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Whole meal flour yellow pigment content Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the MCNEAL scale. Field response McNEAL Estimation 1-5 density scale Booting time is just prior to spike emergence, when the flag leaf sheath encloses the growing spike. Booting time Booting time Plant Boot Standard method for stem wall thickness. StmWallThk Measurement PherpResp Estimation Standard method for eye spot field response. AtritResp Estimation Standard method for Alternaria leaf blight field response. TanSpotResp Tan spot plant response Tan spot plant response Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Leaf Grain number Tiller Grain number per tiller GRATIL Number of grains per tiller. 1-6 SPKTYPE scale GReten Measurement Measured as weight by percentage of all matter remaining above a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots. Stem Diameter StmDia Stem outer diameter. Stem diameter EgramSev Leaf Powdery mildew severity Powdery mildew severity Powdery mildew severity in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Standard method for crumb structure. CrmStr Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch response. StritResp Estimation LeafTR Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. SuPDmg Plant The plant damage caused by suni pest (Eurygaster spp., sunn pest, suni bug). Suni pest damage Suni pest damage 0-12 Modified Cobb Scale Standard spike dry weight method. SpkDW Computation Translocation 1BL/1RS Absence/Presence T1BL1RS Translocation 1BL/1RS The 1bl/1rs translocation in wheat resulted from replacing the short arm of the chromosome 1b of wheat by the short arm of the chromosome 1r of rye (Secale cereale l.). BMNUte Computation Calculated as biomass per unit of Nitrogen taken up. NupE Computation Calculated as above ground biomass Nitrogen content divided by soil Nitrogen Number of days required from sowing to when 50% of spikes have flowered (DS65). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Ant DS65 DT Computation Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. RUET Computation Dough alveograph value W Dough strength by alveograph. W value is the area under the curve. it is a combination of dough strength (p value) and extensibility (l value). Dough AlvW Alveograph value W The falling number is defined as the time in seconds required stirring and allowing stirrer to fall a measured distance through a hot aqueous flour or meal gel undergoing liquefaction due to a-amylase activity. Flour falling number FlrFN Flour Falling number Standard method for herbicide damage. HerbicideDmg Estimation FLeafA Measurement Standard method for flag leaf area. ColeopLng Measurement Standard method for coleoptile length. SpkSterility Computation Standard method for sterility index computation. StritSev Plant Septoria tritici blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Septoria tritici blotch severity Septoria tritici blotch severity GFRTT Computation Calculated grain weight increase per degree day with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Above ground biomass nitrogen efficiency BMNUE Plant The above ground biomass production per total Nitrogen available to a plant. Nitrogen Use Efficiency SpkDis Estimation Standard method for spike disease development. WMFlrFN Measurement Standard method for whole meal flour falling number. FHBSpkWt Computation Relative spike weight is calculated by dividing spike weight (at maturity) from infected by the non-infected. node Standard method for yellow berry incidence. GYellBer Measurement TanSpotResp Estimation Standard method for scoring tan spot response in adult plants. Carbon isotope discrimination LeafCID Leaf carbon isotope discrimination Leaves carbon isotope discrimination can be measured in the leaves during early canopy development in well irrigated trials, in which case genotypic effects will be related mainly to transpiration efficiency. Leaf 0-5 TANSPOT field response scale spike/m Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Fs Measurement Normalized water index 3 Canopy normalized water index 3 NWI3 Normalized water index 3 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Canopy 0-9 AWNS scale kg/plot Width Glume width GlmWid Glume Width of glume. Record date of physiological maturity (approx. DS87). It is estimated as when the grain reaches the maximum dry weight and the grain becomes viable. It is most easily determined in-field when 50% of the peduncles are ripe (i.e., yellow). Mat DS87 date Estimation Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Leaf Wheat bacterial leaf blight severity in the plants caused by the agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. symptoms: small (less than 0.04 inches) water-soaked lesions expand and eventually coalesce. initial lesions become necrotic and turn from gray-green to tan-white. Entire leaves may become necrotic, but heads and glumes are typically symptomless. Bacterial leaf blight severity Bacterial leaf blight severity BLBSev Standard method for Stripe rust incidence. PstriInc Estimation Leaf R750/R550 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/R550. Bread loaf volume Loaf volume Baking quality of flour describing bread loaf volume. LofVol Bread HailDmg Estimation Score the damage caused by hail. Normalized pheophytinization index can be used to detect chlorophyll degradation. Normalized pheophytinization index NPQI Canopy Canopy normalized pheophytinization index Leaf Sheath Coefficient = Leaf Sheath DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf sheath is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. LeafSPI Computation Boot DS39 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to initiation of booting (DS39-DS41). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Septoria blotch plant response Septoria blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Leaf Septoria blotch plant response SepSpResp Aphid damage Plant AphDmg The plant damage caused by various species of aphids. Aphid damage GlmLng Measurement Standard method for glume length. Plant Barley stripe mosaic incidence in the plants caused by barley stripe mosaic virus. Barley stripe mosaic incidence Barley stripe mosaic incidence BSMV High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d1. Glutenin Glu-D1 composition GluD1 Glutenin Glu-D1 composition Flour Wall thickness Stem Stem wall thickness. Stem wall thickness StmWallThk 1-3 GLMCOL scale PlntVig Estimation Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. GrnTllr Computation Count the total number of grains per tiller. RachLng Measurement Standard method for rachis length. Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to leaf/stem/stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the following scale: 0-No visible infection. R-Resistant, necrotic areas with or without small pustules. MR-Moderately Resistant, small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas. M-Intermediate, pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis. MS-Moderately Susceptible, medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible. S-Susceptible, large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis. Adult plants rust field response Estimation 0-9 GRNAPP scale Boot DS39 date Estimation Record date of initiation of booting stage when 50% of the culms expected to produce spikes are between DS39 (Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible) and DS41 (Flag leaf sheath extending). Biomass Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency as the biomass in relation to the total amount of N in above-ground plant at harvest. Biomass Nitrogen utilization efficiency Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency Plant BMNUtE stoma/mm2 g CTD Computation Standard method for canopy temperature depression. Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.8 ? 2.5 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count2 Anet Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Standard method for leaf rust incidence. PrecoInc Estimation infertile tiller/m GNUp Nitrogen uptake Grain Nitrogen uptake Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain Black point incidence BlkPtInc Grain Black point incidence Black point incidence in the plants caused by the fungal species such as Helminthosporium sativum (Cochliobolus sativus), Alternaria alternata and fusarium spp. also black point symptoms are associated to physiological disorders. L value 1-5 Septoria response scale TTA Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until anthesis (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Time required for the dough development from beginning of mixing flour and water to the dough reaches maximum consistency (peak). Dough Mixograph mixing time MixTim Mixograph mixing time Dough Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FmLA Measurement SIPI Canopy Canopy structural independent pigment index Structural independent pigment index uses wavelengths showing the best semi-empirical estimation of the carotenoid chlorophyll a ratio (car:chla ratio), and its formulation minimizes the disrupting effects of leaf surface and mesophyll structure. Structural independent pigment index WormDmg Estimation Standard method for worm damage. 1-3 SEDVTR scale 1-5 incidence scale Emer DS10 days Computation Number of days from sowing to the seedling emergence (DS10). UtritInc Spike Loose smut incidence Loose smut incidence Loose smut incidence in the plants caused by ustilago tritici. 1-5 HRDCLS scale PrecoResp Estimation Standard method for leaf rust response. Number of days from sowing to booting stage (DS45). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Boot DS45 DT Computation InfertTN Infertile tiller Number Infertile tiller number Number of infertile tillers per unit area, sample or plant. StmSol Estimation Standard method for stem solidness. Leaf Spot blotch severity Spot blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (Helminthosporium sativum). HsatiLSev Spot blotch severity DR DT Computation Number of days from sowing to double ridge (DS14-15 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. GApp Estimation Standard method for grain appearance. InfertSpkN Infertile spike number Spike Number of infertile spikelet per spike. Number 1-3 GRNPLUMP scale NUE Computation Calculated as the grain yield divided by the total soil Nitrogen. FHBSpkResp Estimation Standard method for FHB spike response. delta 13C Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. ISBM Computation s GWid Measurement Standard method for whole grain width. Cereal cyst nematodes are more readily detected on seedlings than on adult plants. The roots of infested plants develop frequent branches and swellings (cysts). HavenDmg Estimation 1-5 RELTPH scale Dough alveograph extensibility index Alveograph extensibility index It is the extensibility index of the dough. (p200/p)*100, p200: pressure (p) at 4 cm (l= 40mm) of the curve. Dough AlvIe Physiological maturity thermal time TTM Plant Thermal Time from emergence to Physiological Maturity (GS87). Physiological maturity thermal time FolDis Estimation Standard method for foliar disease development. Mixograph torque Dough MixTq It is the torque measured during the mixograph test. Dough mixograph torque Plumpness Grain Grain plumpness GPlump The degree of endosperm filling. Standard method for seed vitreousness. GVtr Estimation Standard method for leaf rolling severity. LRollSev Estimation Hybrid necrosis incidence HNecro Observation of hybrid necrosis. Plant Plant hybrid necrosis incidence Septoria tritici blotch incidence Septoria tritici blotch incidence Septoria tritici blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. StritInc Plant GPlump Estimation Standard method for grain plumpness. Rarsc is an estimation of carotenoid content. Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Canopy RARSc Fusarium graminearum plant response FgramResp Fusarium graminearum response in the plants. Spike Fusarium graminearum plant response FLeafLLng Measurement Standard method for flag leaf lamina length. RootRot Common root rot incidence Plant Common root rot incidence Common root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agents Cochliobolus sativus, fusarium spp., and Pythium species. AwnLng Measurement Standard method for awn length. Visual observation of grains size. GSize Estimation Standard method for dwarf bunt incidence. TcontInc Estimation LeafPSSRa Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Image Analysis Screen Mass5 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.0 mm - 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. StmLng Measurement Standard method for stem length. RodentDmg Estimation Standard method for rodent damage. Flour color Flour color. FlrCol Flour Color Rapid spike growth period. Grain Filling duration Canopy Rapid spike growth period RSpkGP Image Analysis Screen Count3 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.5 ? 2.2 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Nitrogen content Straw STRNitr Nitrogen content of the above ground straw biomass. Straw Nitrogen content Standard method for flour yield. FlrYld Measurement 1-3 GRNCOL scale Fruiting efficiency FE Fruiting efficiency Spike The final outcome of the floret developmental rates (determining the number of floret primordia that reach the stage of fertile florets at anthesis) and the proportion of grain set per fertile floret (the opposite to grain abortion), per unit of spike weight. s/m CGR Computation It is measured during rapid spike growth phase. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Then, CRG is the production of biomass per day between initiation of booting and seven days after anthesis. Calculated as (Biomass 7DAA/m2 - Biomass InB/m2)/Days from InB to 7DAA. Reproductive period Time between double ridge (approx. ds14) and anthesis (ds65). Plant RepP Reproductive period LeafPI Computation Leaf Lamina Coefficient = Lamina DM measured at7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf lamina is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. 1-5 GHABIT scale PedLng Measurement Standard method for peduncle length. GlmPubDen Glume Glume pubescence density Glume hairiness density on outer side of sterile glume. Pubescence density Leaf stomatal resistance Resistance to diffusion of water vapor through a plant stomata. Stomatal resistance Leaf StomaRes Grain yield production rate Yield production rate Grain yield production rate. GYPR Grain TtritInc Tilletia tritici bunt incidence Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia tritici (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). Tilletia tritici bunt incidence Spike Number of days from sowing to first node detectable. However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. FND DS31 DT Computation Plant Heading thermal time TTH Thermal Time from emergence to Heading (GS55). Heading thermal time 1-4 PRECO scale Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Plant Waterlogging damage Waterlogging damage WtrLoggDmg StomaCond Measurement Standard method for stomatal conductance. SepSPInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria species incidence. BMNUp Computation Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground biomass at harvest. Standard method for spike density. SpkDen Estimation plant/m LAI can be determined directly by taking a sample of canopy from a plant canopy, measuring the leaf area per sample plot with an area meter or image scanner and dividing it by the plot land surface area. Indirect methods use ceptometer to measure canopy geometry or light extinction and relate it to LAI. (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2). LAI Computation GN Computation Grain number (GNO) as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. GNO determines the sink size of the crop and under many conditions it is strongly correlated with yield. Grains/m2 (GNO) = yield (g/m2) / TGW (g) × 1000. NHI The fraction of Nitrogen recovered in the harvested grain as a function of the total Nitrogen taken up. Nitrogen harvest index Nitrogen harvest index Plant plant/ha 0-9 AnthExt GY Relative to check Computation Calculate grain yield of an entry as percentage over a local check. GluTyp Estimation Gluten type is determined based on gluten properties data (flour protein content, Alveograph W, Alveograph P/L) following Peña 2011: Wheat End-use Quality types. 1-3 STDEST scale CCI m grains/tiller Count the number of infertile tillers. InfertTN Counting Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat GrwCls Estimation WI Water index use reflectance at 970 nm as a wavelength sensitive to water content, while reflectance at 900 nm is taken as a reference which is similarly affected by canopy and leaf structures but with null absorption by water. Water index Canopy Canopy water index Peduncle length Length of peduncle. Peduncle Length PedLng The number of grains per spike can be measured independently by threshing a known number of randomly selected spikes per plot (10-20 spikes per plot) or can be calculated as: Grains per spike (GSP) = grains m2 / spikes m2. GrnSpk Computation Leaf Stripe rust plant response Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriResp Stripe rust plant response PstriSev Leaf Stripe rust severity Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust severity Standard method for glume glaucousness. GlmGlau Estimation TindiInc Estimation Standard method for karnal bunt incidence. The plant damage caused by worms. WormDmg Worm damage Worm damage Plant Maturity time starts at hard dough stage (ds87) often called physiological maturity. Maturity time Maturity time Plant Mat NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. plant/m2 FLeafSen Estimation Rate using a scale from 0 (0% senescence) to 10 (100% senescence) using the guide, in increments of 10%. Grain length GLng Grain Length of whole grain. Length Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia laevis (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). Tilletia laevis bunt incidence Tilletia laevis bunt incidence Spike TlaevInc InfertSpkN Counting The number of infertile spikelets (i.e., those NOT containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. FHBDON Measurement Standard method for content of deoxynivalenol or DON (vomitoxin) that is often associated with FHB (Fusarium spp.) infected grains. 1-9 scoring scale Score a relative plant height to local check using 1-5 scale where 3 is used for the local check (1 = short, 5 = tall). Assessment of plant height compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. PH Estimation PedGlau Glaucousness Peduncle Glaucousness in peduncle. Peduncle glaucousness Calculated as the deviation from the yield-protein linear regression. GPD Computation 0-4 PRECO scale Flour Flour yellowness Yellowness FlrYellCls Flour yellowness. Number of days from sowing to terminal spikelet (DS25-30 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. TSpl DT Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until emergence (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTH Computation Number of days required from sowing to spike emergence from the flag leaf (DS55). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Hd DS55 days Computation Hd DS55 relative Estimation Assessment of heading (DS55) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Sawfly damage The plant damage caused by sawfly, Cephus cinctus. Plant Sawfly damage SawflyDmg GNDVI Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. grain/spikelet Standard method for Fusarium graminearum incidence. FgramInc Estimation Standard method for Barley leaf rust incidence. PhordInc Estimation SpkGW Measurement Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. Leaf tip necrosis is observed and rated in percentage. LeafTNecro Estimation grain/m2 Standard method for soil borne mosaic virus incidence. SBMVInc Estimation spikelet StritInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch incidence. Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a low pH (acid) soil field and rate the tolerance. AcdTol Estimation Leaf Stripe rust notes PstriNote Stripe rust notes Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Rating of overall agronomic attributes and health of plants. Agronomic score Plant AgrScr Phenotypic acceptability BirdDmg Estimation Standard method for bird damage. AntDmg Estimation Standard method for ant damage. 0-5 percentage scale Standard method for whole grain length. GLng Measurement GrndCov Measurement (GS15) Standard method for ground cover at 5 leaves stage. GrwHabit Estimation Observe the growth habit of wheat plants during tillering stages and rate whether erect/semi-erect/prostrate/semi-spreading/spreading Record date of terminal spikelet stage (DS25-30 approx.). It is estimated as the date at which the final spikelet can be observed on the forming spike within the stem of the main culm, typically measured on around 3-5 plants per plot. It required a main tiller dissection and an observation of the apex on an optic magnifier. TSpl date Estimation HeatTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. g/degree C day Observe the tendency of grain to sprout when in the spike and rate the tolerance. SproutTol Estimation Tiller number Tiller number Tiller TN Number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per unit area, sample or plant. Straw strength Straw StrawStn Strength of straw. Strength The weight of the grain harvested is registered on a scale, decide which method suit better for your objectives. In breeding trials, a sample area (rather than the whole plot) is generally used for estimating yield. Discard borders when combine harvest for a better estimation of yield. GY Measurement The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ?chlorophyll concentration index? (CCI, ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on the flag leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles. Chl Measurement Standard method for grain amylopectin content. GAmyloPec Measurement 0-5 incidence scale Laboratory seed test for germination should be carried out before seeding to calculate seeding rates or determine the status of storage seed. The percentage of seeds capable of producing normal seedlings under ordinarily favorable conditions (not including seeds which produce weak, malformed, or obviously abnormal sprouts), determined by methods ISTA seed testing protocols. Germ Measurement 1-3 STRAWStrength variable_of 1-5 Phenological relative scale 0-9 scoring scale Standard method for neck break. NeckBreak Estimation