LAI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LAI_Calc_Idx CIMMYT PH_cm PH_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Luzie U Wingen JIC BMNUtE_Calc_kgkgN TANSPOT_00_99__SEV TanSpotSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 8 tolerant CIMMYT PhiPS2_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEPSP_1_5__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SepSpResp_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmLng_M_cm CIMMYT STMLNG_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT VEGPERIOD_days VgP_calc_day 3 Oblong CIMMYT SEMOYELPIG_ppm SemoYellPig_M_ppm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HesFlyDmg_E_pct CIMMYT HESFDMG _pct GScreen_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSCREEN_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT GHrd_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNHRD_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TTRIT _pct__INC TtritInc_E_pct CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhiCO2_M_Idx 3 awnletted (short) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFLRCOL_b_value WMFlrCol_M_bvalue S Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones IBD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla IBD CIMMYT Boot_dateInit_ymd red to brown 2 JIC Luzie U Wingen StrawYld_Calc_tha CiCa_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BLBSev_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Asat_M_umolCO2m2s1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PSTRI_pct__CI PstriCI_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla REPPERIOD_days RepP_Calc_day CIMMYT EgramInc_E_1to9 EGRAM_1_9__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFlrYellPig_M_ppm WMFLRYELPIG_ppm 5 fair to good (F-G) CIMMYT GRNPLUMP_1_3 GPlump_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FROSTDMGP_0_9 FrostDmg_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALUTOL_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlTol_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT FoDA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StrawStn_E_1to3 CIMMYT CIMMYT BYD_pct BYDInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNRETEN_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GReten_M_pct susceptible 3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HailDmg_E_1to5 HAILDMG_1_5 CIMMYT HailDmg_N_T_S_M_V Stem elongation or jointing, Pseudo stem erection 30 CIMMYT WMFlrFN_M_s WMFLRFN_s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Seedling development , 8 leaves unfolded 18 Immune (Imm) - No pycnidial formation, no symptoms or occasional hypersensitive fleck. Imm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FNIVLB_00_99__SEV FnivLBSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT Mat_relat_1to6 RELTMT RELTMT_1_6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_pct__GRNINC CIMMYT FHBGInc_E_pct No visible infection on plants 0 JIC Luzie U Wingen NutE_Calc_kgkgN Nitrogen utilisation efficiency CIMMYT SROLF_1_8 SrolfResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla early (E) E Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_E_1to5 CIMMYT RELTPH_1_5 TSPI_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 25 20% plant height affected, 50% coverage Boot_date_ymd BOOTDATE BOOTD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BOOTD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT FLRGluCon_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLUCON_pct S susceptible (S), pycnidial density greater than 40% JIC GStarch_NIRS_pct GRNStarch_pct Luzie U Wingen Seedling development , 9 or more leaves unfolded 19 TN_Ct_Tllrm TNO_tll_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EgramInc_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EGRAM_0_5__INC dense to very dense 8 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafR750R700_M_Idx CIMMYT GRNPHOS_mg_kg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GPhos_M_mgkg CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass4_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT GRNDCOV_pct GrndCov_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PhotopResp_E_1to9 PHOTORESPO_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NHI_Calc_pct JIC Luzie U Wingen Nitrogen harvest index DROUGHTTOL_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DroughtTol_E_pct CIMMYT PlntStnd_Calc_Plntha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLNTSTND_pl_ha 12 Seedling development , 2 leaves unfolded 5 50% plants with broken straw CIMMYT WKill_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKILL_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PSTRI_1_8__ADLTRESP PstriResp_E_1to8 high damage 7 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEMOPROT _pct SemoProt_NIRS_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StrawCol_E_1to6 MS moderately susceptible (MS), 12 to 20 % of infection 8 80% plants with broken straw TESTWT_g_l Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TestWt_M_gl CIMMYT JIC Luzie U Wingen GRNFibre_pct GFibre_NIRS_pct CIMMYT GLUA3_text GluA3_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BirdDmg_E_1to5 BIRDDMG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BirdDmg_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PTHORN_pct PthornDmg_E_pct 62 60% plant height affected, 20% coverage resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules R Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTFND_days DTFND CIMMYT FND_dto_day FND FmDA_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 10 10 CIMMYT LEAFGLAU_1_5 LeafGlau_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SBMVInc_E_0to9pct SBMV_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PstriSev_E_0to12 PSTRI_0_12__SEV 17 Seedling development , 7 leaves unfolded Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrSDS_M_ml WMFLRSDS_ml CIMMYT 35 Stem elongation or jointing, 5th node detectable semi-soft (SS, 51-55) SS Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmPubDen_E_0to9 GLMPUBDEN _0_9 CIMMYT PstriSdlgResp_E_0to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PSTRI_0_8__SEEDRESP grains/spikelet Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrnSpl_Calc_GrnSpl CIMMYT GRNSPL_num GRNSPL PRECO_pct__CI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PrecoCI_Calc_pct FolDis_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FoliarDis_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT FOLDIS_1_5 4 STRIT_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StritInc_E_pct CIMMYT AGRSCR_1_9 AgrScr_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FE_Calc_Idx CIMMYT Ci_M_umolCO2mol1 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 85 80% plant height affected, 50% coverage very poor (VP) 1 38 30% plant height affected, 80% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Emer_date_ymd EMERD EMERDATE EDATE CIMMYT EMERD_yyyymmdd Emergence date Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_ppm__DON CIMMYT FHBDON_M_ppm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNIRON_mg_kg CIMMYT GrnIron_M_mgkg STMFRQ_num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMFRQ CIMMYT StomaFrq_Ct_stomamm2 CIMMYT HTERE_00_99__SEV HtereSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FoLA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 37 30% plant height affected, 70% coverage CIMMYT GluA1_M_text GLUA1_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RCERE_0_9 RcereInc_E_0to9 CIMMYT MR moderately resistant (MR), 9 to 11 % of infection CIMMYT RARSc_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RARSc_index 50 50% (18.5% occupied by uredia) CIMMYT SUPDMG _1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SuPDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GgtriInc_E_pct GGTRI_pct__INC PhordCI_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHORD_pct__CI CIMMYT AphDmg_E_1to5 APHDMG_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT NeckBreak_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NBREAK_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ALVL_mm AlvL_M_mm CIMMYT HavenDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HAVEN_pct SPLSPK CIMMYT SplN_Ct_SplSpk SPLSPK_num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla spikelets/spike SnodoInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SNODO_pct__INC CIMMYT AnthExt_E_pct CIMMYT Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla JIC Luzie U Wingen GNitr_NIRS_pct GRN_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafR550_M_Idx CIMMYT CIMMYT BM_M_kgPlot BM_kg_plot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUD1_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GluD1_M_text ETR_M_?molm2s1 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BSMV_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BSMV_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LODG_pct Lodg_E_pct CIMMYT 82 80% plant height affected, 20% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla UagroResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT UAGRO_1_8__RESP GNDVI_M_Idx CIMMYT GNDVI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 9 90% coverage CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSpkResp_E_1to8 FHB_1_8__SPKRESP Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount2_pct RNDVI_index RNDVI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHB_0_5__SPKRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSpkResp_E_0to5 CIMMYT 9 4 Clavate SepSpResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEPSP_0_5__RESP SHATTERING_pct CIMMYT Shattering_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PEDPBD_0_9 PedPubDen_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR 3 early to normal (E-N) GYellBer_M_pct CIMMYT YELBER_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla low 3 T tenacious (T) 1% (0.37% occupied by uredia) 1 CIMMYT DROUGHTTOL_1_5 DroughtTol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount4_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Tillering, Main shoot and 3 Tillers 23 4 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTTS_Calc_Cday CIMMYT JIC Luzie U Wingen AGBMNitr_M_pct poor (P) 3 8 80% anther extrusion CIMMYT GHrd_M_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HRDCLS_1_4 CIMMYT SEMOCOL_b_value SemoCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTM_calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FgramResp_E_0to5 CIMMYT FGRAM_0_5__RESP 4 tolerant CIMMYT LI_M_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TESTWT_kg_hl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TestWt_M_kghl very dense 9 CIMMYT LofVol_M_ml LOFVOL_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Luzie U Wingen GPD_Calc_pct JIC GlmPubLng_M_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLMPUBLNG_um CIMMYT FlrFN_M_s FLRFN _s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla intermediate 3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GCol_E_1to5 GRNCOL_1_5 90% plant height affected, 20% coverage 92 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Anet_M_umolCO2m2s2 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BLKPT_0_9 BlkPtInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount3_pct CT_M_C CT_C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Boot_dtoInit_day CIMMYT DTIB DTIB_days H hard (H) CIMMYT RODDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RodentDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEDVTR_1_3 GVtr_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_M_gPlnt GRNYLD_g_pl 6 60% anther extrusion CIMMYT AlvPG_Calc_Idx ALVPG_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmSol_E_1to3 STMSOL_1_3 40% plant height affected, 20% coverage 42 89 80% plant height affected, 90% coverage attribute susceptible (S), 21 to 50 % of infection S CIMMYT TSpl_dto_day DTTS_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTTS Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ColdTol_E_1to5 CIMMYT COLDTOL_1_5 SpkPI_Calc_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderate 5 Tillering, Main shoot only 20 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafSPI_M_Idx MATDATE CIMMYT MATD Mat_date_ymd MATD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 1/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 3 TllrCAPACITY_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TllrCapacity_E_1to5 CIMMYT GLMLNG_mm CIMMYT GlmLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EgramInc_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EGRAM_1_5__INC MS-S moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) FgramSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLUTYP_1_5 GluTyp_E_1to5 GFILLPERIOD_thermal_time JIC GFPTT_Calc_Cday Luzie U Wingen 5 VE very early (VE) Dough development, Very early dough (slides when crushed) 81 CIMMYT FgramSev_E_00to99 FGRAM_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEMOPROT _pct SemoProt_Kjl_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GWid_M_mm CIMMYT LeafPSSRb_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 very low PstriSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_pct__SEV CIMMYT COLEOPLNG _cm CIMMYT ColeopLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TlaevInc_E_pct CIMMYT TLAEV_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLys_M_pct CIMMYT GLUB3_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluB3_M_text 4 Purple CIMMYT TINDI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TindiInc_E_pct 2 leaf rim starts to roll 70% plant height affected, 30% coverage 73 CIMMYT StmDia_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMDIA_mm CGR_Calc_gm2day CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI1_M_Idx NWI1_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SpkLng_M_cm SPKLNG_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI2_index CIMMYT NWI2_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BMPR_Calc_gm2day CIMMYT GY_Calc_gm2 Yld_gm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_gm2 GRNYLD_g_m2 CIMMYT GRNSPK Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla grains/spike CIMMYT GrnSpk_Calc_GrnSpk GRNSPK_num 70% anther extrusion 7 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Hd_relat_1to5 RELTHD_1_5 CIMMYT RELTHD StmWSC_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT STEMWSC_pct hollow 1 LODG_0_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Lodg_E_0to5pct very good (VG) 9 20% plants with broken straw 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NPQI_M_Idx CIMMYT NPQI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoResp_E_0to4 PRECO_0_4__RESP CIMMYT 5 intermediate Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PHORD_pct__SEV PhordSev_E_pct 2 low Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FvLA_M_Idx CIMMYT CIMMYT PhordInc_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHORD_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHBSpkInc_E_pct FHB_pct__SPKINC 7 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 5/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened CIMMYT PH_M_m PH_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GROWTHCLS_1_3 GrwCls_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PSTRI_pct__SPKSEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriSpkSev_E_pct STMTHK_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmWallThk_M_um CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TanSpotSdlgResp_E_0to5 TANSPOT_0_5__SEEDRESP CIMMYT 9 head prematurely ripened (whitehead) or plant collapsed with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem, or shoot killed as the ear emerges from the sheath with sharp eyespot lesions on the shoot red R highly tolerant 9 No visible affection 0 CIMMYT GrwStg_Zdks_00to99 GRWSTG_00_99 DECODS Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RSpkGP_Calc_pct CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVPL_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AlvPL_Calc_Idx GThk_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 50% coverage 2 FNDD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FND_date_ymd CIMMYT FNDD P purple L late (L) 80 80 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_M_gPlot CIMMYT BM_g_plot FgramInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FGRAM_pct__INC FlrSDS_M_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRSDS_ml CIMMYT EgramInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EGRAM_pct__INC WI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WI_index CIMMYT ForgDM_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GYPR_Calc_gm2day poor (P) 2 ACDTOL _1_5 AcdTol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT PrecoSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_pct__SEV 4 high moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some clorosis possible MS GRNZINC_mg_kg CIMMYT GZinc_M_mgkg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderate 7 Seedling development , 5 leaves unfolded 15 CIMMYT PEDGLAU_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PedGlau_E_0to9 resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules R Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GHrd_M_1to5 HRDCLS_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEPSP_pct__INC SepSPInc_E_pct 99 90% plant height affected, 90% coverage Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTIB_Calc_Cday CIMMYT PLNTSTND_pl_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PlntStnd_Ct_Plntm CIMMYT E erect (E) 22 Tillering, Main shoot and 2 Tillers TGW TKW TGW_g Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla THOUWT CIMMYT GW_M_g1000grn LEAFWID_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafWid_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GFP_calc_day GFILLPERIOD_days CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLng_M_mm BM_Calc_gm2 CIMMYT BM_g_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRI_index CIMMYT 1 One or more sharp eyespot lesions on lower sheaths but no symptoms on the stem AphDmg_E_pct CIMMYT APHDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FrostDmg_E_1to5 FrostDmg_N_T_S_M_V FROSTDMG_1_5__SPK CIMMYT CIMMYT PgramSev_E_pct PGRAM_pct__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 4 40% plants with broken straw 100% (37% occupied by uredia) 100 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_1_9 PrecoInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT Seedling development , First leaf unfolded 11 ISBM_t_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_Calc_tha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLKPT_pct BlkPtInc_E_pct GFR_Calc_gday JIC GFILLRATE Luzie U Wingen SPROUTTOL _1_9 CIMMYT SproutTol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmCol_E_1to6 Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass5_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT SIPI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SIPI_index very lax 1 CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount5_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_M_g200grn Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW200_g VgP_calc_pct CIMMYT VEGPERIOD_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RsolaInc_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RSOLA_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEDINDX_ml_pct CIMMYT SedIdx_M_mlpct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Emer_dto_day DTE CIMMYT Days to emergence DTE_days PstriNote_E_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_text CIMMYT PgramSdlgResp_E_0to8 PGRAM_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FROSTDMGP_1_9 CIMMYT FrostDmg_E_1to9 20% plant height affected, 90% coverage 29 BM_g_pl BM_M_gPlnt Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 leaf has shape of a V CIMMYT HSATIL_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HsatiLInc_E_pct 30 30 moderately susceptible, medium-sized uredinia that may be associated with chlorosis (3) 3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNDCOV_pct__GS15 GrndCov_GS15_pct CIMMYT MR moderately resistant CIMMYT AgrScr_E_0to9 AGRSCR_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 0 awnless 2 20% anther extrusion Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTH_Calc_Cday CIMMYT 92 Ripening, Kernel hard (not dented by thumbnail) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PgramResp_E_1to8 PGRAM_1_8__ADLTRESP CIMMYT PLOTGRNYLD_kg CIMMYT GY_M_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla THRESHBLTY_1_9 Threshblty_E_1to9 CIMMYT DAYSAN ANT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DTA_days Ant_dto_day Luzie U Wingen GNUP_Calc_kgha JIC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ATRITDMG _pct CIMMYT SGNDmg_E_pct medium 5 Germination, Radicle emerged from seed 05 FmLA_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 47 40% plant height affected, 70% coverage JIC NUE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen Nitrogen use efficiency CIMMYT InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla INFERTNO_tll_m2 6 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 4/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 43 Booting, Boot just visibly swollen ANTD CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Ant_date_ymd ANTD_yyyymmdd ANTDATE 4 moderate (M) LodgInc_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Lodg_E_1to5 CIMMYT LODG_1_5 40 40 GLUB1_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluB1_M_text MR-MS Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StdEst_E_1to3 CIMMYT StrawYld_E_tha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMRES_s_m CIMMYT StomaRes_M_sm Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass2_pct AgrScr_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AGRSCR_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SALTOL _1_9 SaltTol_E_1to9 CIMMYT very high damage 9 CIMMYT RARSa_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RARSa_index GSize_ScreenCount6_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AWNS_0_9 Awns_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafCID_M_delta13C LEAVESCID_delta 2 one or more sharp eyespot lesions on upper (as well as lower) sheaths but no symptoms on the stem 6 fair to good (F-G) TANSPOT_pct CIMMYT TanSpotInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StayGreen_E_1to5 CIMMYT STAYGREEN_1_5 33 Stem elongation or jointing, 3rd node detectable Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AnthExt_E_0to9 CIMMYT RELTMT CIMMYT Mat_relat_1to5 RELTMT_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 95 90% plant height affected, 50% coverage SpkDen_E_1to9 CIMMYT SPKDEN_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla stem softened with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem 8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmStrength_E_1to9 STMSTRENGTH_1_9 COKSDF_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CookSdF_M_Idx VS very short (VS) 3 yellow (b>15) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMSIZ _um StomaSiz_M_um CIMMYT AlvG_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AVLG_mm SpkDis_E_1to5 SpkDis_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPKDIS_1_5 CIMMYT 7 dense 4 high weak 1 50% plant height affected, 70% coverage 57 5 leaf is severely rolled Luzie U Wingen STRNUP_Calc_kgha JIC 54 50% plant height affected, 40% coverage Poor 3 77 70% plant height affected, 70% coverage 4 low to medium CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm INFERTNO_tll_m CIMMYT STRIT_0_5__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StritResp_E_0to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BLS_00_99 BLSSev_E_00to99 MgrisSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRPROT_pct CIMMYT FlrProt_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrCol_M_Lvalue CIMMYT WMFLRCOL_L_value DTM_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DAYSMT MAT DTM Mat_dto_day CIMMYT RLNDmg_E_pct CIMMYT RLESDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLRYD FlrYld_M_pct FLRYLD CIMMYT GApp_E_0to9 GRNAPP_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 97 90% plant height affected, 70% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLRPROT_pct FlrProt_Kjl_pct S soft (S, >55) 5 very severe (V) FvLAFmLA_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GFILLPERIOD_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GFP_calc_pct 40% plant height affected, 40% coverage 44 10% plant height affected, 70% coverage 17 Flowering or anthesis, Flowering complete 69 R-MR resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) STERIND_pct SpkSterility_Calc_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MixTq_M_pctmin Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MIXTQ_pct_min Ripening, Kernel hard (difficult to divide, 16% water) 91 strong 3 1 white (b<12.5) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MIXTIM_min MixTim_M_min semi-hard (SH, 45-50) SH immune I 2 very lax to lax Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_pct__AUDPC FHBAUDPC_Calc_pct CIMMYT Black 3 4 good (G) 10% plant height affected, 30% coverage 13 TilSpSpkInc_E_pct TILSP_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PGRAM_pct__CI PgramCI_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT HEADDATE Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HEADD_yyyymmdd HEADD Hd_date_ymd SLA_M_m2kg1 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrwHabit_E_1to5 CIMMYT GHABIT_1_5 CIMMYT GlmWid_M_mm GLMWID_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 70 70% (25.9% occupied by uredia) 53 Heading, ¼ of head emerged susceptible, large uredinia without chlorosis (4) 4 MS Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FROSTDMGP_pct FrostDmg_E_pct CIMMYT Seedling development , 4 leaves unfolded 14 FoxiWilt_E_pct CIMMYT FOXYWIL _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SR_index SR_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla UtritInc_E_1to9 UTRIT_1_9__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AWNS_0_1 JIC Awns_E_0to1 Luzie U Wingen YLDCHECK_pct GY_PctChk_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT FLRCOL_a_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrCol_M_avalue trace 1 CIMMYT RSECA_00_99__SEV RsecaSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 8 very high GGTRI_1_5_INC CIMMYT GgtriInc_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_kg_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BM_Calc_kgha GY_kgha GRNYLD_kg_ha GY_Calc_kgha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Yld_kgha CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass1_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Wheat ontology none (N) 1 CIMMYT ArmyWDmg_E_pct ARMDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 GW100_g CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW_M_g100grn CIMMYT ISBM_g_m2 ISBM_Calc_gm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT PSTRI_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 93 90% plant height affected, 30% coverage 20% plant height affected, 60% coverage 26 HR Highly Resistant (HR) - No or only occasional isolated pycnidia formed, particularly in older leaf tissue, hypersensitive flecking in younger leaf tissue. 75 Kernel and milk development, Medium milk (milky liquid) CIMMYT WKILL_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKill_E_0to9 WtrLoggDmg_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT H2ODMG _0_9 very hard (VH) VH 2 intermediate 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TSpl_date_ymd TSD TSD_yyyymmdd Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafR675_M_Idx CIMMYT TanSpotResp_E_1to5 TANSPOT_1_5__ADLTRESP CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderately resistant, small to medium uredinia often surrounded by Chlorosis or necrosis, green island may be surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic border (2) 2 7 high V vitreous (V) BYDInc_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BYD_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSIZE_1_3 CIMMYT GSize_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PhordSev_E_0to12 PHORD_0_12__SEV intermediate 3 RootDis_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ROOTDIS_1_5 CIMMYT RootDis_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLeafLLng_M_cm 25 Tillering, Main shoot and 5 Tillers 8 20 20 SEPSP_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SepSpSev_E_00to99 GM2 GNO CIMMYT KNO grains/m2 GN_Calc_Grnm2 GNO_grains_m2 kernel/m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrCol_M_Lvalue FLRCOL_L_value 9 HELSP_00_99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HelSpSev_E_00to99 LEAFGLAU_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafGlau_E_0to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CTD_Calc_C CTD_C 1 1 very resistant, small uredinia surrounded by necrosis (1) medium 3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HEATTTOL_1_5 CIMMYT HeatTol_E_1to5 0 HGRAM_0_9 HgramInc_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT very good (VG) 5 PrecoResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_1_8__ADLTRESP CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha GrnTllr_Calc_GrnTllr CIMMYT DnoxiDmg_E_pct DNOXI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CrmStr_E_1to5 CRMSTR_1_5 CIMMYT COLDTOL_pct ColdTol_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 91 90% plant height affected, 10% coverage TN_Ct_Tllrm2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TNO_tll_m2 R resistant (R), average pycnidial density of 5-15% 1 absent 10 10% (3.7% occupied by uredia) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafThk_M_um CIMMYT LEAFTHK_mm 50 50 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHB_num__SPLINC FHBSplInc_Ct_SplInfect CIMMYT LRollInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 4 rolled leaf rim covers part of leaf blade CIMMYT RootRot_E_0to9pct ROOTROT_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla no disease 00 immune (I), 0 % of infection I CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LRollSev_E_1to5 FLRYELLCLS_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrYellCls_M_1to3 H hard (H, <45) CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RUET_Calc_gMJ 45 40% plant height affected, 50% coverage 80% plant height affected, 30% coverage 83 GCol_M_avalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNCOL_a_value CIMMYT 6 intermediate to moderate Stem elongation or jointing, 6th node detectable 36 SS semi-spreading (SS) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BirdDmg_E_pct CIMMYT BIRDDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NodeNO_Ct_node CIMMYT NODENO _num 27 Tillering, Main shoot and 7 Tillers JIC Luzie U Wingen BMNUE_Calc_kgkgN moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible MS Prostrate (P) P CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FvDAFmDA_M_Idx CIMMYT PgramSev_E_0to12 PGRAM_0_12__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 30% anther extrusion 3 susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis S moderately resistant (MR), average pycnidial density coverage of 15-30% MR S Susceptible (S) - Moderate pycnidial formation, lesions coalescing considerably. 5 ERLVIG_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ErlVig_E_1to5 PLNTVIG_1_5 PlntVig_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT GermiTest_pct Germ_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GERM_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrAsh_E_pct CIMMYT 5 very dense DR DTDR Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTDR_days DRidge_dto_day CIMMYT very poor (VP) 1 LODG_1_9 CIMMYT Lodg_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNPROT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GProt_NIRS_pct 6 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkPho_Textile_pct CIMMYT GlmGlau_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLMGLAU_0_9 HI_Calc_pct HI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 highly susceptible 0 absent JIC Luzie U Wingen BMNUP_Calc_kgha Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafR750R550_M_Idx CIMMYT red R ISBM_g_plot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ISBM_M_gPlot Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Amax_M_umolCO2m2s2 CIMMYT Fs_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HAILDMG_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HailDmg_E_0to9 CIMMYT LEAFLNG_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafLng_M_cm 30% plant height affected, 50% coverage 35 70% plants with broken straw 7 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI4_M_Idx CIMMYT NWI4_index ALVW_joules AlvW_M_joules Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNCOL_L_value CIMMYT GCol_M_Lvalue Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafPI_M_Idx CIMMYT CIMMYT FLRCOL_b_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrCol_M_bvalue W white CIMMYT GYFac_Calc_num YLDFAC_num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Luzie U Wingen NupE_Calc_kgkgN JIC 1 very poor to poor (VP-P) 2 poor (P) CIMMYT PLOTGRNYLD_g Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_M_gPlot I Intermediate (I) - Light pycnidial format ion. Coalescing of lesions normally noticeable towards the leaf tip and elsewhere on the leaf. CIMMYT HI_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HI_index MR Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis moderately susceptible to moderately tolerant 6 PedLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PEDLNG _cm CIMMYT CPYGM_pct CIMMYT SawflyDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GFILLRATE_thermal_time JIC GFRTT_Calc_gCday Luzie U Wingen CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla InfertSpkN_Ct_SplSpk PlntStnd_Ct_PlntPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLNTSTND_pl_plot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkGW_M_g CIMMYT PnegleDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PNEGLE_pct CIMMYT P purple Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CHL_CCI Chl_M_CCI 80% plant height affected, 70% coverage 87 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ISBM_kg_ha ISBM_Calc_kgha 3 low 32 Stem elongation or jointing, 2nd node detectable 5 100% coverage CIMMYT GluD3_M_text GLUD3_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla T1BL1RS_0_1 CIMMYT T1BL1RS_M_0to1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla partly vitreous (PV) PV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SnailDmg_E_pct SNAILDMG_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT TCONT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TcontInc_E_pct dense 7 6 intermediate to high damage S short (S) Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis MR 0 no damage Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones S CIMMYT PrecoSdlgResp_E_0to8 PRECO_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 2 Moderate PSTRI_0_9__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriResp_E_0to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT LeafPubDen_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFPUBDEN_0_9 RepP_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT REPPERIOD_pct CIMMYT FLeafA_M_cm2 FLEAFA _cm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla very low 2 52 50% plant height affected, 20% coverage 8 dense to very dense InsectDmg_E_1to5 InsectDmg_N_T_S_M_V INSECTDMG_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WormDmg_E_pct WORMDMG_pct CIMMYT ISBM_kg_plot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_M_kgPlot CIMMYT 3 solid Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HSATIL_00_99__SEV HsatiLSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT 9 very dense R Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis CIMMYT LeafTR_M_mmolH2Om2s1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 59 50% plant height affected, 90% coverage CIMMYT GlmCol_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLMCOL_1_3 SE semi-erect (SE) 1 10% coverage CIMMYT FLEAFSEN_pct FLeafSen_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmWSC_Atrone_pct CIMMYT 4 sparse to intermediate 60% plant height affected, 80% coverage 68 Ripening, Overripe, straw dead and collapsing 94 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BORONTOL_1_9 CIMMYT BTol_E_1to9 60% plant height affected, 60% coverage 66 spreading (S) S 31 30% plant height affected, 10% coverage 19 10% plant height affected, 90% coverage 1 very early (VE) AlvIe_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVIe_pct CIMMYT susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis S Resistant (R) - Very light pycnidial formation. Some coalescing of lesions mainly toward the leaf tip and in older leaf tissue. R late (L) 5 4 low to intermediate Mixed 6 9 90% plants with broken straw CIMMYT CROPGRWRATE_g_m2_day CropGrwRate_Calc_gm2day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkTyp_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 poor to fair (P-F) 0 absent 86 80% plant height affected, 60% coverage high to very high damage 8 VS very susceptible CIMMYT HRDCLS_1_3 GHrd_M_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RachLng_M_mm CIMMYT weak-tenacious (WT) WT LeafTNecro_E_pct CIMMYT LEAFTNECR _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NV not vitreous (NV) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DRidge_date_ymd CIMMYT DRD DRD_yyyymmdd AtritResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ATRIT _1_8__RESP CIMMYT HNECRO_0_1 HNecro_E_0to1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BLB_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BLBSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT SN_M_Spksm SNO_spk_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHB_index__SPLINC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHBSplInc_Calc_Idx 96 Ripening, 50% of viable seed germinates CIMMYT FNIVLB_pct__INC FnivLBInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Elliptical 5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RsecaSev_E_pct CIMMYT lax to intermediate 4 Hd_dto_day DTH HEAD CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTH_days DAYSHD 2 6 medium to high 20% plant height affected, 10% coverage 21 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Wsurv_E_pct CIMMYT TTA_Calc_Cday CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_text PrecoNote_E_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Boot_dto_day BOOT CIMMYT DTB_days DTB moderately susceptible 5 Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass6_pct HGRAM_pct CIMMYT HgramInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla intermediate (M), lesions of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis I 60% plant height affected, 10% coverage 61 large 3 susceptible 2 90% (33.3% occupied by uredia) 90 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LODG_0_9 CIMMYT Lodg_E_0to9pct R/W red/white Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TNO_tll_pl CIMMYT TN_Ct_TllrPlnt 53 50% plant height affected, 30% coverage semi-hard (SH, 45-55) SH 28 20% plant height affected, 80% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_text CIMMYT PgramNote_E_text EGRAM_00_99__SEV CIMMYT EgramSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderate to high 6 dense 4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AntDmg_E_pct CIMMYT ANTDMG_pct 90 90 CIMMYT SN_Calc_Spksm2 SNO_spk_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Germination, Leaf just at coleoptile tip 09 Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf just visible 37 5 50% anther extrusion 99 Ripening, Secondary dormancy lost WKILL_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WKill_E_pct 40% plant height affected, 10% coverage 41 4 8 80% coverage GRNCOL_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GCol_E_1to3 CIMMYT 55 50% plant height affected, 50% coverage Tillering, Main shoot and 9 or more Tillers 89 Late hard dough (difficult to dent) 29 FLeafLWid_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Tillering, Main shoot and 8 Tillers 28 MixTyp_E_1to6 CIMMYT MIXTYP_1_6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla H hard (H, <45) 57 Heading, ¾ of head emerged 5 highly tolerant small 1 InsectDmg_E_pct INSECTDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SpkDW_Calc_gm2 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha TllrGW_M_g CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHPRP_1_8__RESP PherpResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HERBDMG_1_5 CIMMYT HerbicideDmg_E_1to5 HerbDmg_N_T_S_M_V 20% plant height affected, 40% coverage 24 1 very low 6 Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible 39 Luzie U Wingen GRSA_M_mm2 GsurfA_M_mm2 JIC 80% coverage 4 S soft (S, >55) VR very resistant (VR), average pycnidial density of 0-5% CIMMYT StomaCond_M_mmolm2s STMCOND_mmol_m2_s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 Fusiform 70% plant height affected, 40% coverage 74 CIMMYT HtereSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass3_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HtereInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HTERE_pct__INC CIMMYT 10% plant height affected, 40% coverage 14 high 7 very good (VG) 8 70% plant height affected, 80% coverage 78 ALVP_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvP_M_mm CIMMYT LM light moderate CIMMYT FvDA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 65 60% plant height affected, 50% coverage VT very tall (VT) highly susceptible to susceptible 2 GRNYLD_t_ha Yld_tha GY_tha GY_Calc_tha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 73 Kernel and milk development, Early milk (liquid off -white) 3 purple to black Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GCID_M_delta13C GRAINCID_delta 46 40% plant height affected, 60% coverage 11 10% plant height affected, 10% coverage intermediate damage 5 98 Ripening, Secondary dormancy 30% plants with broken straw 3 I intermediate (M), pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis LeafPubLng_M_um LEAFPUBLNG _um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 5 intermediate 2 very low damage 4 low to moderate white W 24 Tillering, Main shoot and 4 Tillers GProt_Kjl_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNPROT_pct CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RUE_Calc_gMJ moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) MS-S 2 medium susceptible (S), large lesions, no necrosis or chlorosis S fair (F) 5 White 1 Ripening, Kernel loosening in daytime 93 PrecoResp_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_1_4__RESP CIMMYT one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 3/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 5 none 0 20% plant height affected, 30% coverage 23 76 70% plant height affected, 60% coverage 80% plant height affected, 40% coverage 84 26 Tillering, Main shoot and 6 Tillers >90% anther extrusion 9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GCol_M_bvalue CIMMYT GRNCOL_b_value moderately Susceptible (MS), medium-sized lesions, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible MS normal, similar to local check (N) 4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AwnLng_M_cm AWNLNG _cm 10% plant height affected, 60% coverage 16 70% plant height affected, 90% coverage 79 70% plant height affected, 20% coverage 72 Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount1_pct moderate (M) M Ripening, Seed not dormant 97 30% plant height affected, 40% coverage 34 Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis R RARSb_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RARSb_M_Idx 7 70% coverage 3 very good (VG) white 1 2 very low Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSpkWt_Calc_pct CIMMYT FHB_pct__SPKW one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 2/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 4 PRECO_0_12__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoSev_E_0to12 CIMMYT BM_t_ha BM_Calc_tha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 30% plant height affected, 30% coverage 33 43 40% plant height affected, 30% coverage severe 5 UtritInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla UTRIT_pct__INC CIMMYT 6 Mixed STRNitr_NIRS_pct JIC Luzie U Wingen 60% plant height affected, 30% coverage 63 GRNH20_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GMoi_E_pct none 1 insensitive 0 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AwnCol_E_1to6 CIMMYT 20% plant height affected, 70% coverage 27 VS very susceptible (VS), > 50 % of infection 8 1 shrivelled (SH) Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis MR-MS R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small lesions W winter 88 80% plant height affected, 80% coverage 70 70 S spring fair (F) 4 high to very high 8 MR moderately resistant (MR), small lesions surrounded by necrotic areas Heading, Emergence of head complete 59 CIMMYT PlntStnd_Calc_Plntm2 PLNTSTND_pl_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 30% plant height affected, 20% coverage 32 60 60 13 Seedling development , 3 leaves unfolded I immune, no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection (0) low to intermediate damage 4 moderate M Booting, Boot swollen 45 resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules R 21 Tillering, Main shoot and 1 Tiller 3 30% coverage WMFlrCol_M_avalue CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFLRCOL_a_value intermediate to dense 6 18 10% plant height affected, 80% coverage trace (T) 2 weak (W) W CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafPSSRa_M_Idx 39 30% plant height affected, 90% coverage 71 70% plant height affected, 10% coverage CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI3_M_Idx NWI3_index 61 Flowering or anthesis, Start of flowering Dough development, Soft dough (firm, thumbnail mark not held) 85 01 Germination, Water uptake (imbibition) started 15 10% plant height affected, 50% coverage 67 60% plant height affected, 70% coverage StrawBreak_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 10% anther extrusion 1 no visible infection (0) 0 4 susceptible to moderately susceptible CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmWSC_NIR_pct moderately susceptible (MS), average pycnidial density coverage of 30-40% MS 60% plant height affected, 90% coverage 69 5 5% (1.85% occupied by uredia) 1 highly susceptible 36 30% plant height affected, 60% coverage 5 severe good to very good (G-VG) 7 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTB_Calc_Cday severe 9 0 no visible infection (0) medium hard (MH) MH high 9 83 Dough development, Early dough (elastic, dry and shiny) 50% plant height affected, 80% coverage 58 60% coverage 3 9 very high moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR GAmyloPec_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 80% plant height affected, 10% coverage 81 60% coverage 6 56 50% plant height affected, 60% coverage immune (0), no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection I 65 Flowering or anthesis, Flowering half complete 7 87 Dough development, Hard dough (thumbnail impression held) Good 1 8 moderate to high 07 Germination, Coleoptile emerged from seed 10% plant height affected, 20% coverage 12 present 1 8 good to very good (G-VG) 03 Germination, Imbibition complete Very susceptible (VS), large, abundant pycnidia, lesions coalescing extensively VS Heading, First spikelet of head visible 51 90% plant height affected, 80% coverage 98 STRIT_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StritSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT S soft (S) susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis S 2 71 Kernel and milk development, Kernel watery ripe (clear liquid) 6 60% plants with broken straw 3 sparse 1 20% coverage moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR good (G) 6 Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing MS 6 1 No breakage 0 No visible affection 40 40% (14.8% occupied by uredia) none 1 3 medium 0 0% (no uredia) X heterogeneous, random distribution of variable-sized uredinia on single leaf (X) LMS light moderate susceptible 20% coverage 2 , nearly immune, no uredinia, but hypersensitive necrotic or chlorotic flecks present (,) none 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NDVI_index CIMMYT NDVI_M_Idx 0 No symptom of sharp eyespot 40% plant height affected, 90% coverage 49 Red 2 heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf tip (Y) Y 80% (29.6% occupied by uredia) 80 excellent (E) 9 Seedling development , 6 leaves unfolded 16 facultative (intermediate) I T tall (T) 34 Stem elongation or jointing, 4th node detectable 5 intermediate very resistance VR 4 40% coverage Kernel and milk development, Late milk (more solids in milk) 77 R-MR resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) 10 Seedling development , First leaf emerged 22 20% plant height affected, 20% coverage white/red W/R Ripening, Seed dormant 95 low 2 40% plant height affected, 80% coverage 48 40% coverage 2 Branched 2 medium soft (MS) MS 2 good (G) 1 unrolled, turgid 3 94 90% plant height affected, 40% coverage early (E) 2 very sparse 1 31 Stem elongation or jointing, 1st node detectable 2 very poor to poor (VP-P) very sparse to sparse 2 Heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf base (Z) Z moderately tolerant 7 MS medium strong (MS) 60% plant height affected, 40% coverage 64 7 good (G) 4 40% anther extrusion Heading, ½ of head emerged 55 20 20% (7.4% occupied by uredia) susceptible S 3 mid-strong 2 50% plant height affected, 10% coverage 51 S Strong (S) MS moderate susceptible poor to fair (P-F) 3 70% plant height affected, 50% coverage 75 sparse 2 7 awned (conspicuous) No anther extrusion 0 M medium (M) 00 Germination, Dry seed 3 low slight (S) 3 49 Booting, First awns visible Booting, Flag leaf sheath opening 47 Amber 5 30 30% (11.1% occupied by uredia) very late (VL) 6 acronym 96 90% plant height affected, 60% coverage R resistant 41 Booting, Flag leaf sheath extending 0 very poor (VP) 60% (22.2% occupied by uredia) 60 3 fair (F) low damage 3 3 lax 6 intermadiate to dense 2 very low to low entity VL very late (VL) 2 light-yellow (b R resistant (R), 1 to 8 % of infection moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible MS PstriInc Stripe rust incidence Leaf Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust incidence Gluten type Flour Gluten type whether weak-tenacious/tenacious/weak/medium strong/strong. GluTyp Flour gluten type HsatiLSev Spot blotch severity Spot blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (Helminthosporium sativum). Spot blotch severity Leaf Plant Booting thermal time Booting thermal time TTB Thermal Time from emergence to Booting (GS45). index FoDA Measurement Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. PnegleDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. A small sample of flour or ground wheat (1.0 grams) is weighed and placed in 25-milliliter glass-stoppered graduated cylinder. This is mixed with different solutions for some minutes and then rested. Finally, the volume of the sediment is recorded after 21 minutes. SDS-sedimentation determination Canopy Canopy structural independent pigment index Structural independent pigment index uses wavelengths showing the best semi-empirical estimation of the carotenoid chlorophyll a ratio (car:chla ratio), and its formulation minimizes the disrupting effects of leaf surface and mesophyll structure. SIPI Structural independent pigment index Calculated from yield components sampling. SN Computation cm Laboratory seed test for germination should be carried out before seeding to calculate seeding rates or determine the status of storage seed. The percentage of seeds capable of producing normal seedlings under ordinarily favorable conditions (not including seeds which produce weak, malformed, or obviously abnormal sprouts), determined by methods ISTA seed testing protocols. Germ Measurement Asat Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Canopy normalized pheophytinization index Normalized pheophytinization index can be used to detect chlorophyll degradation. Normalized pheophytinization index NPQI Canopy 1-3 SEDVTR scale FgramResp Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum response. Canopy Temperature depression Canopy temperature depression Difference between ambient temperature and canopy temperature. CTD 1-5 TANSPOT field response scale yyyymmdd plant/plot Grain Black point incidence in the plants caused by the fungal species such as Helminthosporium sativum (Cochliobolus sativus), Alternaria alternata and fusarium spp. also black point symptoms are associated to physiological disorders. Black point incidence BlkPtInc Black point incidence Standard method for Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence. HgramInc Estimation Chlorophyll content LeafPSSRb Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll b Leaf Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. spikelet/spike Density or compactness of a wheat spike. Density Spike SpkDen Spike density Grain number per tiller Number of grains per tiller. GRATIL Grain number Tiller The surface temperature of the canopy is related to the amount of transpiration resulting in evaporative cooling. CT Canopy temperature Temperature Canopy Glume pubescence density Pubescence density Glume GlmPubDen Glume hairiness density on outer side of sterile glume. LeafTNecro A physiological phenomenon caused by hot, dry and windy weather. the whole tip of the flag leaf tends to be necrotic and will often fold over. leaf tip necrosis progresses from the margins of the flag leaf tip and lower leaves as well show some signs of it. leaf tip necrosis is observed to some extent in all wheat varieties containing the leaf rust gene resistance gene lr34. Tip necrosis Leaf Leaf tip necrosis incidence Calculated as grain yield per unit of Nitrogen taken up. Nute Computation Reproductive period Time between double ridge (approx. ds14) and anthesis (ds65). Reproductive period Plant RepP BM Aboveground biomass at maturity All above-ground biomass at maturity. Plant Aboveground biomass at maturity 0-9 percentage scale HsatiLInc Estimation Standard method for Spot blotch incidence. CGR Biomass production It is the rate of dry matter production per unit area. Crop growth rate Plant Straw Nitrogen uptake Nitrogen uptake STRNUp Straw Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole above ground straw. Standard method for content of deoxynivalenol or DON (vomitoxin) that is often associated with FHB (Fusarium spp.) infected grains. FHBDON Measurement Plant Capacity of a seedling or plant to grow vegetatively in early stages of development. ErlVig Plant early vigour Early vigour stoma/mm2 Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results kg/kg N Pratylenchus neglectus damage Root The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus. PnegleDmg Pratylenchus neglectus damage NHI Computation Calculated as total grain Nitrogen divided by the total biomass Nitrogen. DR date Estimation Record date of double ridge stage (DS14-15 approx.). Double ridge signifies that the plant?s main growing point will produce no more primordial leaves, and instead will produce primordial spikelets of the young spike. The dissection and observation of the main tiller apex on an optic magnifier is required. GIron Measurement Standard method for grain iron content. The weight of the grain taken per tiller. TllrGW Measurement % 1-5 GHABIT scale g/m2/day Plant tolerance to aluminum. Aluminum tolerance Aluminum tolerance AlTol Plant Amax Leaf Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light and CO2. Light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Leaf light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Glume length Glume Length Length of glume. GlmLng g/day Capacity of the plant to grow. Plant Vigour Plant vigour PlntVig TcontInc Estimation Standard method for dwarf bunt incidence. Standard method for rodent damage. RodentDmg Estimation Standard method for rachis length. RachLng Measurement Septoria tritici blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Septoria tritici blotch plant response Septoria tritici blotch plant response Plant StritResp Calculate grain yield of an entry as percentage over a local check. GY Relative to check Computation µm Dough Alveograph extensibility index It is the extensibility index of the dough. (p200/p)*100, p200: pressure (p) at 4 cm (l= 40mm) of the curve. Dough alveograph extensibility index AlvIe Alveograph P/G It is the p/g ratio. Dough Dough alveograph P/G AlvPG Partitioning index Spike partitioning index Spike partitioning index. SpkPI Spike s/m 1-5 GRNCOL scale Plant Eyespot plant response Eyespot plant response PherpResp Eye spot response in the plants caused by the fungal species Tapesia yallundae (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoide w-type) and Tapesia acuformis (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides r-type). Symptoms: the eye shape elliptical lesions forms on lower base of stem and lower leaf sheath. The eyespots are straw yellow in color from the middle and are surrounded by the greenish brown to dark brown rings. Standard method for sterility index computation. SpkSterility Computation Moisture content is determined by drying a grain wheat sample in an air oven and comparing the weight of the sample before and after heating. The amount of weight loss is the moisture content. Moisture content results are expressed as a percentage. GMoi Estimation Standard method for snail damage. SnailDmg Estimation 1-5 TOL scale Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Anet Measurement PH Measurement Measure the length of individual culms from soil surface to the tip of the spike (do not include awn) and record to the nearest centimeter. (Average of 4-10 plants/culms per plot). PhotopResp Estimation Observe the tendency of flowering according day-length Fusarium graminearum incidence Fusarium graminearum incidence in the plants. Fusarium graminearum incidence Spike FgramInc LI Computation Measurement of the light intercepted by the canopy using a ceptometer as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. PstriInc Estimation Standard method for Stripe rust incidence. Plant stand Stand Plant population or plant density. PlntStnd Plant Bird damage Bird damage Plant BirdDmg The plant damage caused by birds. HavenDmg Estimation Cereal cyst nematodes are more readily detected on seedlings than on adult plants. The roots of infested plants develop frequent branches and swellings (cysts). Calculated as time between emergence (DS10) and first node detectable (DS31) as percentage of crop cycle duration. VgP Computation g/m2 LeafSPI Leaf sheath partitioning index. Leaf Sheath partitioning index Leaf sheath partitioning index Standard method for awn presence estimation. Awns Presence Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. RUET Computation Light-saturated net photosynthesis Leaf Leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis Asat Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light. SpkDW Spike dry weight Spike dry weight Spike Dry weight of spike(s). Leaf Stripe rust coefficient of infection Stripe rust coefficient of infection PstriCI Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Severity of rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Rust severity Estimation Rust Coefficient of infection Computation Coefficient of infection (CI) calculated by multiplying the severity times a constant for host response: where immune = 0.0, R=0.2, MR =0.4, MS =0.8, and S=1.0. In-season aboveground biomass All above-ground biomass at any developmental stage and/or at regular intervals from the emergence to physiological maturity. Plant Aboveground biomass In-season ISBM Standard method for straw color. StrawCol Estimation LeafThk Leaf Thickness Leaf thickness Measurement of leaf thickness. Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.5 mm - 2.2 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass3 Standard method for winter survival. Wsurv Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under droughted condition and rate the tolerance. DroughtTol Estimation Amax Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Booting initiation thermal time Plant Thermal Time from emergence to Initiation of Booting (GS41). TTIB Initiation of Booting thermal time Canopy spectral reflectance Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Spot blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (helminthosporium sativum). Spot blotch incidence Spot blotch incidence HsatiLInc Leaf PrecoSdlgResp Seedling Leaf rust seedling response Leaf rust seedling response Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. 1-6 MIXTYP scale Coleoptile ColeopLng Length of coleoptile (a protective sheath that surrounds the shoot tip and the embryonic leaves of the young shoot of grasses). Length Coleoptile length Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to leaf/stem/stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the following scale: 0-No visible infection. R-Resistant, necrotic areas with or without small pustules. MR-Moderately Resistant, small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas. M-Intermediate, pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis. MS-Moderately Susceptible, medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible. S-Susceptible, large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis. Adult plants rust field response Estimation 1-5 DMG scale Moisture content Grain GMoi Grain moisture content Moisture content of grain. Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d3. Glutenin Glu-D3 composition GluD3 Glutenin Glu-D3 composition Flour GY Computation Use formulae to calculate grain yield in g/m2 Grain protein deviation GPD Grain Protein Deviation Plant Deviation from the grain yield -grain protein linear regression. Straw STRNitr Straw Nitrogen content Nitrogen content of the above ground straw biomass. Nitrogen content Record date of anthesis (DS65) when 50% of spikes have flowered (i.e. at least 1 anther dehisced). Ant DS65 date Estimation SpkGW Spike Grain weight per spike Grain weight Grain weight per spike. Double digit (00-99) AnthExt Estimation Standard method for anther extrusion. LRollInc Estimation Standard method for leaf rolling incidence. Growth/developmental stages based on Zadoks decimal code. GrwStg Growth stage Growth stage Plant Standard method for yellow berry incidence. GYellBer Measurement Standard method for stomatal resistance. StomaRes Measurement 1-3 SIZE scale Image Analysis Screen Count5 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.0 ? 1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. 1-3 FLRYELLCLS scale Standard method for hessian fly damage. HesFlyDmg Estimation Standard method for Fusarium leaf blotch incidence. FnivLBInc Estimation 1-3 GROWTHCLS scale Observe the growth stage or development stage (DS) of wheat plants using the Zadoks scale decimal code, based on 10 major stages, with each stage divided into sub-stages. GrwStg Zadoks Estimation Sample as for spikelets per spike randomly select 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the spikelets, thresh, count grains, and calculate, or less accurately simply calculate from calculated grains per spike and measured spikelet number. GrnSpl Computation Grain carbon isotope discrimination GCID Grain Grain carbon isotope discrimination at maturity from drought trials provides genotypic effects most likely to be related to transpiration rate or an integrative measurement of stomatal conductance. Carbon isotope discrimination BTol Estimation The response of a cultivar or genotype is expressed on a score 1-9, where 1= highly susceptible and 9 = highly tolerant, based on the extent of bronze colored necrosis of leaf tips extending down the leaf margins RepP Computation Calculated as time between double ridge (approx. DS14) and anthesis (DS65) as percentage of crop cycle duration. Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FoLA Measurement BM Measurement Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. LeafSPI Computation Leaf Sheath Coefficient = Leaf Sheath DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf sheath is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. GFPTT Grain filling period thermal time Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87) in thermal time. Grain filling period thermal time Plant Calculate area under disease progress curve. FHBAUDPC Computation Leaf rust severity Leaf rust (brown rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust severity Leaf PrecoSev FLeafLLng Measurement Standard method for flag leaf lamina length. Spike Fusarium head blight spike incidence Fusarium head blight spike incidence FHBSpkInc Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in spikes caused by the agent fusarium spp. TanSpotSdlgResp Estimation Standard method for scoring tan spot response in seedlings. FLRGluCon Measurement 1. A 10-gram sample of flour or ground wheat is weighed and placed into the glutomatic washing chamber on top of the polyester screen, 2. The sample is mixed and washed with a 2 percent salt solution for 5 minutes, 3. The wet gluten is removed from the washing chamber, placed in the centrifuge holder, and centrifuged, 4. The residue retained on top of the screen and through the screen is weighed. Protein content Semolina Protein content in durum wheat semolina. Semolina protein content SemoProt StayGreen Estimation Stay-green assessment is conducted through the growing season, starting with the onset of the senescence of the specific organ to be evaluated. 1. A sample of 60 grams or 250 grams of flour is mixed with a salt solution to form a dough. 2. The dough is sheeted, rested and inflated in the Chopin Alveograph, 2. Five 4.5 centimeter circular dough patties are formed and then rested in the alveograph in a temperature-regulated compartment at 25 degrees Celsius for approximately 20 minutes, 3. Each dough patty is tested individually. The alveograph blows air into a dough patty, which expands into a bubble that eventually breaks, 4. The pressure inside the bubble is recorded as a curve on graph paper. The alveograph determines the gluten strength of a dough by measuring the force required to blow and break a bubble of dough. The results include P Value, L Value, and W Value. ALVEOGRAPH determination AACC 54-30 A Semolina yellow pigment content SemoYellPig Semolina Semolina yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Yellow pigment content HNecro Observation of hybrid necrosis. Hybrid necrosis incidence Plant hybrid necrosis incidence Plant Whole meal flour SDS sedimentation Testing of whole-meal flour quality by SDS-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. WMFlrSDS SDS-sedimentation volume Whole meal flour TindiInc Estimation Standard method for karnal bunt incidence. Mixograph type (mixograph curve) is used for determining the strength of dough. Dough mixograph type Dough Mixograph type MixTyp Leaf transpiration rate. LeafTR Leaf Leaf transpiration rate Leaf transpiration rate Spike Threshability (ease to thresh) is a score where several spike-related traits such as rachis fragility (brittle or non-brittle rachis) and glume tenacity (hulled or free-threshing). Threshblty Spike threshability Threshability Alternaria leaf blight plant response AtritResp Leaf Alternaria leaf blight plant response Alternaria leaf blight response in the plants caused by the agent Alternaria triticina. Thermal Time from emergence to Anthesis (GS65). TTA Anthesis thermal time Anthesis thermal time Plant Bacterial leaf streak severity Leaf BLSSev Bacterial leaf streak severity in the plants caused by the agent Xanthomonas translucens. The disease, called black chaff when on the glumes. Bacterial leaf streak severity Variable fluorescence measured in the leaf. FvLA Variable fluorescence Leaf variable fluorescence Leaf Maximal fluorescence intensity Leaf Maximal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Leaf maximal fluorescence intensity FmDL mg/kg SBMVInc Estimation Standard method for soil borne mosaic virus incidence. GSurfA_Measurement Marvin method for whole surface area. Standard method for flag leaf area. FLeafA Measurement NUE Computation Calculated as the grain yield divided by the total soil Nitrogen. node True stem partitioning index Stem TSPI True stem partitioning index True stem partitioning index. Number of days required from sowing to when 50% of spikes have flowered (DS65). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Ant DS65 DT Computation Glume color GlmCol Glume Color observation on the outer glume at maturity. Color Record date of initiation of booting stage when 50% of the culms expected to produce spikes are between DS39 (Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible) and DS41 (Flag leaf sheath extending). Boot DS39 date Estimation Stem rust plant response Stem rust plant response Plant PgramResp Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. LeafPI Computation Leaf Lamina Coefficient = Lamina DM measured at7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf lamina is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. GlmPubLng Glume Pubescence length Glume pubescence length Glume pubescence length on outer side of sterile glume. Standard method for crop growth rate. CropGrwRate Computation GFP pct Computation Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. RARSc Canopy Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Rarsc is an estimation of carotenoid content. Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid mm Modified cobb scale for severity Severity of leaf/stem/stripe rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Plant PhotopResp Extent to which long days hasten flowering. Photoperiod response Plant photoperiod response Leaf hairiness density. LeafPubDen Pubescence density Leaf Leaf pubescence density Fusarium head blight (scab) spikelets incidence caused by the agent fusarium spp. Spikelet FHBSplInc Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence Bread loaf volume Loaf volume Baking quality of flour describing bread loaf volume. LofVol Bread Standard method for net blotch severity. HtereSev Estimation Spike Grain number per spike GrnSpk Grain number Number of grains per spike. Flag smut plant response Plant UagroResp Flag smut plant response Flag smut disease response in the plants caused by the agent Urocystic agropyri causing flag smut disease. CGR Computation It is measured during rapid spike growth phase. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Then, CRG is the production of biomass per day between initiation of booting and seven days after anthesis. Calculated as (Biomass 7DAA/m2 - Biomass InB/m2)/Days from InB to 7DAA. Mat DS87 date Estimation Record date of physiological maturity (approx. DS87). It is estimated as when the grain reaches the maximum dry weight and the grain becomes viable. It is most easily determined in-field when 50% of the peduncles are ripe (i.e., yellow). 0-9 RCERE scale Grain Zinc content Content of zinc in grain. Zinc content GZinc Grain GlmGlau Estimation Standard method for glume glaucousness. Standard method for straw strength. StrawStn Estimation Textile treatment is used to inhibit photosynthesis of the spikes through shading(comparison between control and treated spikes). Randomly selected spikes (for example: 12 spikes) per plot are covered with a special designed textile 10 days after anthesis under irrigation and drought or 10 days after heading under heat environments. Then, at physiological maturity the spikes are harvested together with 12 control spikes and the number of grains and weight are recorded and compared the treated spikes with the control ones (Sanchez-Bragado et al., 2016). SpkPho Computation Peduncle glaucousness Glaucousness Peduncle Glaucousness in peduncle. PedGlau BLBSev Estimation Standard method for wheat bacterial leaf blight severity. Area of the flag leaf lamina. Area FLeafA Flag leaf area Flag leaf g/200 grain SawflyDmg Estimation Standard method for sawfly damage. Physiological maturity thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Physiological Maturity (GS87). Physiological maturity thermal time Plant TTM HeatTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. 0-5 percentage scale Phenotypic acceptability Plant Agronomic score AgrScr Rating of overall agronomic attributes and health of plants. Breakage StrawBreak Straw Amount of straw breakage. Straw breakage LeafPubDen Estimation Standard method for leaf pubescence density. Width of leaf. Leaf width Width LeafWid Leaf Plant Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. WtrLoggDmg Waterlogging damage Waterlogging damage Tan spot plant response Leaf Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot plant response TanSpotResp Grain Grain Nitrogen utilization efficiency Nitrogen utilization efficiency as the grain dry mass in relation to the total amount of Nitrogen in above-ground plant at harvest. Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency NutE Powdery mildew incidence in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Powdery mildew incidence EgramInc Leaf Powdery mildew incidence Leaf area of flag leaf or all laminas is measured. Then the leaves are oven dried at 60-70oC for 48h and the dry weight is recorded. Then, the specific leaf area is calculated as the ratio of leaf area to dry mass SLA= leaf area/dry mass. SLA Measurement Leaf lamina partitioning index LeafPI Lamina partitioning index Leaf Leaf lamina partitioning index. StritInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch incidence. Anther extrusion AnthExt Anther extrusion Extrusion of anthers. Anther Chl Measurement The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ?chlorophyll concentration index? (CCI, ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on the flag leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles. Seedling rust field response Estimation Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. Zadoks or decimal code (00-99) mmol/m2/s PthornDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. InsectDmg Estimation Standard method for insect damage. Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Leaf CiCa Leaf intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio. Leaf The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R675 nm wavelength. LeafR675 Leaf spectral reflectance 675 nm Spectral reflectance LeafThk Measurement Standard method for leaf thickness. Sprouting tolerance Sprouting tolerance Grain SproutTol Tolerance of grain to sprout when in the spike. Grain test weight Test weight TestWt Grain Test weight or specific weight is the weight of a fixed volume of clean grains. PthornDmg Pratylenchus thornei damage The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei. Pratylenchus thornei damage Root FHBSpkResp Estimation Standard method for FHB spike response. Standard method for node number. NodeN Counting AcdTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a low pH (acid) soil field and rate the tolerance. Double digit Estimation The method was improved by using two digits, representing the vertical disease progress and an estimate of severity. The first digit gives the relative height of the disease using the original 0-9 Saari-Prescott scale as a measure. The second digit shows the disease severity as a percentage but in terms of 0-9. Because it is difficult to evaluate diseases on dead leaves, disease notes should be taken when at least four leaves are still alive and green (soft to mid-dough growth stage). Then visually evaluate the average percentage severity on only those leaves of the uppermost four that are infected. In practice, the percent severity is estimated on an overall score. The following format is used for scoring severity: 10% coverage = 1, 20% coverage = 2, 30% coverage = 3, 40% coverage = 4, 50% coverage = 5, 60% coverage = 6, 70% coverage = 7, 80% coverage = 8, 90% coverage = 9. The score of 10 is not used. FoxiWilt Fusarium wilt incidence Fusarium wilt incidence Plant Fusarium wilt incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium oxysporum. BLBSev Leaf Bacterial leaf blight severity Wheat bacterial leaf blight severity in the plants caused by the agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. symptoms: small (less than 0.04 inches) water-soaked lesions expand and eventually coalesce. initial lesions become necrotic and turn from gray-green to tan-white. Entire leaves may become necrotic, but heads and glumes are typically symptomless. Bacterial leaf blight severity 1-9 general scale Stripe rust severity Leaf Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriSev Stripe rust severity 1-5 Septoria response scale Grain Yield production rate Grain yield production rate Grain yield production rate. GYPR Standard method for whole meal flour yellow pigment. WMFlrYellPig Measurement 1-3 STMSOL scale G stands for the square root of the volume of air in the bubble that was possible before the bubble burst. shows how flexible the dough was during the test. Dough AlvG Alveograph value G Dough alveograph value G Spike shattering Spike Shattering Shattering Observation of grains dehiscence from spike at maturity. Maturity time Maturity time Maturity time starts at hard dough stage (ds87) often called physiological maturity. Mat Plant L value Leaf electron transport rate Electron transport rate Leaf Transfer of electrons during photosynthesis in light saturated leaf. ETR Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured in the leaf. Maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry FvLAFmLA Leaf maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry Leaf Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. CiCa Measurement Grain starch content Grain Starch content Content of starch (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Gstarch Standard method for FHB grain incidence. FHBGInc Estimation Septoria blotch plant response Septoria blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Septoria blotch plant response Leaf SepSpResp NIR calibrated NIRS Fibre Measurement The grain dry mass (grain yield) production per Nitrogen available to a plant. NUE Nitrogen Use Efficiency Nitrogen use efficiency Grain Tan spot severity Leaf TanSpotSev Tan spot severity Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Calculated as difference between biomass and grain yield. StrawYield_Computation High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a1. Glutenin Glu-A1 composition Glutenin Glu-A1 composition Flour GluA1 Tiller GWTTILL Grain weight per tiller. Grain weight Grain weight per tiller Image Analysis Screen Count4 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.2 ? 2.0 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Estimate of the area lodged in the sampled plot. Lodg Estimation The plant damage caused by rodent. RodentDmg Rodent damage Plant Rodent damage Grain Grain yield factor Yield factor Yield factor. GYFac FolDis Estimation Standard method for foliar disease development. Standard method for canopy temperature depression. CTD Computation Leaf StomaRes Stomatal resistance Resistance to diffusion of water vapor through a plant stomata. Leaf stomatal resistance Dough mixograph torque MixTq Dough Mixograph torque It is the torque measured during the mixograph test. Stripe rust plant response Leaf Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriResp Stripe rust plant response The plant damage caused by armyworm. Armyworm damage Plant ArmyWDmg Armyworm damage PhiCO2 Measurement Standard method for gas exchange measurement. Minolta Chroma Meter Test Measurement of flour/whole meal/grain color with the Minolta chromameter, L value represents whiteness, a* value (reddishness) represents red and green colors and b* value (yellowness) represents yellow and blue colors. Using the Minolta Chroma Meter Test: 1. A sample of flour/whole meal/grain is placed on the granular materials attachment and compacted, 2. The Minolta Chroma Meter is inserted into the granular materials attachment, 3. Measurements are taken and recorded, 4.Color results are reported in terms of 3-dimensional color values based on the following rating scale: L* value whiteness: 100 white, 0 black, a* value positive +60 red color, negative values -60 green color, b* value positive +60 yellow color, negative values -60 blue color. Spike The plant damage caused by spike diseases. SpkDis Spike disease development Spike disease development Whole meal flour The whole meal flour color. Color WMFlrCol Whole meal flour color Specific leaf area A ratio of the leaf area to dry mass. Leaf Specific leaf area SLA Standard method for barley stripe mosaic virus incidence. BSMV Estimation The weight of the grain harvested is registered on a scale, decide which method suit better for your objectives. In breeding trials, a sample area (rather than the whole plot) is generally used for estimating yield. Discard borders when combine harvest for a better estimation of yield. GY Measurement Distorted leaves and stems are evident prior to heading. As diseased plants approach maturity, galls are formed in the florets, replacing the kernels. The galls are similar in shape to the seed they replace and are dark brown in color. Large numbers of motile larvae are present within the galls and become active after the galls have been moistened. These nematodes can act as vectors of Clavibacter tritici. SGNDmg Estimation Peduncle neck break Observation of spike break from the base of head. Peduncle Neck break NeckBreak Standard method for spectral reflectance. LeafPSSRb Measurement Lysine content GLys Grain Lysine content of the kernel/grain. Grain lysine content 1-3 GLMCOL scale g/plant Grain Refers to grains showing chalky or starchy endosperm areas. Yellow berry incidence Grain yellow berry incidence GYellBer GAmyloPec Measurement Standard method for grain amylopectin content. Grain protein content Content of protein (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain GProt Protein content Glutenin Glu-B1 composition High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b1. Glutenin Glu-B1 composition GluB1 Flour GFPTT Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Standard method for awnedness. Awns Estimation text Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency Plant BMNUtE Biomass Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency as the biomass in relation to the total amount of N in above-ground plant at harvest. Biomass Nitrogen utilization efficiency Nitrogen Use Efficiency Plant BMNUE The above ground biomass production per total Nitrogen available to a plant. Above ground biomass nitrogen efficiency StrawYld Estimation Standard method for straw yield. Standard method for suni pest damage. SuPDmg Estimation Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot incidence Leaf Tan spot incidence TanSpotInc EgramInc Estimation Standard method for powdery mildew incidence. Stem wall thickness. Wall thickness Stem wall thickness StmWallThk Stem The plant damage caused by suni pest (Eurygaster spp., sunn pest, suni bug). Suni pest damage Suni pest damage Plant SuPDmg grains/tiller Plant Double ridge time is just when apex changes from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. Double ridge time DRidge Double ridge time GlmPubDen Estimation Standard method for glume pubescence density. 1-5 GLUTYP scale StomaCond Measurement Standard method for stomatal conductance. Standard method for spectral reflectance. RNDVI Measurement FgramInc Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum incidence. Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.0 mm - 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass5 Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. GW Measurement First node detectable time First node detectable time is when the stem starts the elongation or jointing period, first node becomes visible as it appears above the soil surface. FND First node detectable time Plant Barley scald severity RsecaSev Plant Barley scald severity Barley scald severity in the plants caused by the agent Rhynchosporium secalis. GrnTllr Computation Count the total number of grains per tiller. Leaf Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust notes Leaf rust notes PrecoNote Grain GW Grain weight usually expressed as weight of single, one hundred, two hundred or thousand grains. Grain weight Weight Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Plant SnodoInc Septoria nodorum blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Stagonospora nodorum (syn. Septoria glume blotch) (Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude (syn. Stagonospora nodorum). Barley yellow dwarf incidence BYDInc Plant Barley yellow dwarf incidence Wheat yellow dwarf incidence in the plants caused by the agent wheat yellow dwarf virus. True Stem Coefficient = True stem DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of true stem is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. TSPI Computation FHBSpkWt Computation Relative spike weight is calculated by dividing spike weight (at maturity) from infected by the non-infected. Score the damage caused by hail. HailDmg Estimation ppm Stripe rust notes Stripe rust notes Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriNote Leaf Leaf rust incidence Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf PrecoInc Leaf rust incidence Standard method for grain plumpness. GPlump Estimation kg/hl 15).]]> FlrYellCls Measurement mmol H2O/m2/s 1-3 HRDCLS scale RLNDmg Root lesion nematode damage The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. Root Root lesion nematode damage BirdDmg Estimation Standard method for bird damage. Terminal spikelet thermal time TTTS Plant Terminal spikelet thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Terminal Spikelet (GS30). Net blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (helminthosporium teres). Net blotch incidence Net blotch incidence HtereInc Leaf Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B. LRollSev Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Rolling severity Leaf Leaf rolling severity Plant Growth habit The growth habit of the plant whether erect/semi-erect/semi-spreading/spreading/prostrate. Plant growth habit GrwHabit 1-5 Phenological relative scale Rate using a scale from 0 (0% senescence) to 10 (100% senescence) using the guide, in increments of 10%. FLeafSen Estimation MixTim Time required for the dough development from beginning of mixing flour and water to the dough reaches maximum consistency (peak). Mixograph mixing time Dough Mixograph mixing time Dough Heading thermal time TTH Heading thermal time Plant Thermal Time from emergence to Heading (GS55). Straw StrawCol Straw color Color Color of straw. Grain hardness is used as a grading factor to determine the type of wheat. It is a key determinant for classification of wheat and end product quality. Grain GHrd Hardness Grain hardness 1-9 TOL scale Flour yellowness Flour Flour yellowness. FlrYellCls Yellowness GlmWid Measurement Standard method for glume width. Anthesis or flowering time is the period during which a flower is fully open and functional. pollination and fertilization occur during this period. Anthesis time Plant Anthesis time Ant Plant Insect damage The plant damage caused by insects. Insect damage InsectDmg 0-9 scoring scale LeafLng Measurement Standard method for leaf length. Number of days required from sowing to physiological maturity (approx. DS87). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Mat DS87 DT Computation 1-5 scoring scale 1-9 PHOTORESP scale SpkLng Length of spike. Spike length Spike Length 1-4 PRECO scale Measured as weight by percentage of all matter passing through a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots GScreen Measurement Grain Color Grain color GCol Grain color. Standard method for flag smut field response. UagroResp Estimation Canopy normalized water index 1 Normalized water index 1 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Normalized water index 1 NWI1 Canopy SepSPInc Septoria blotch incidence Leaf Septoria blotch incidence Septoria blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia tritici (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). TtritInc Tilletia tritici bunt incidence Spike Tilletia tritici bunt incidence HgramInc Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Leaf Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Barley helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence in the plants caused by the agent Drechslera graminea (helminthosporium gramineum). Emer Emergence time is when the first leaf appears above the soil surface. Emergence time Emergence time Plant CCI Ability to survive or withstand cold temperatures in the late fall, winter, or early spring. Winter survival Plant Winter survival Wsurv SpkLng Measurement Measured in centimeters from the base of the spike to the tip excluding the awns (average of 6-10 random spikes in plot). AtritResp Estimation Standard method for Alternaria leaf blight field response. Black point incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of grain with black point symptoms. BlkPtInc Estimation spike/m Glume Glaucousness Glaucousness in glume. GlmGlau Glume glaucousness Plant Plant tolerance to soil salinity. Salinity tolerance SaltTol Salinity tolerance ColeopLng Measurement Standard method for coleoptile length. spike/m2 TtritInc Estimation Tilletia tritici incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. LeafTNecro Estimation Leaf tip necrosis is observed and rated in percentage. Standard method for southern blight response. SrolfResp Estimation Loose smut incidence in the plants caused by ustilago tritici. Loose smut incidence Loose smut incidence UtritInc Spike grain/m2 Flour Falling number Flour falling number The falling number is defined as the time in seconds required stirring and allowing stirrer to fall a measured distance through a hot aqueous flour or meal gel undergoing liquefaction due to a-amylase activity. FlrFN Flag leaf lamina width Width Width of flag leaf lamina. Flag leaf lamina FLeafLWid Powdery mildew severity Powdery mildew severity in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Leaf EgramSev Powdery mildew severity TTM Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until physiological maturity (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TanSpotInc Estimation Standard method for tan spot incidence in adult plants. Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains greater than 2.8 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass1 PherpResp Estimation Standard method for eye spot field response. RcereInc Sharp eyespot incidence Plant Sharp eyespot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia cerealis. Sharp eyespot incidence Standard method for stem diameter. StmDia Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement LeafGlau Estimation Standard method for leaf glaucousness. Standard method for spike type. SpkTyp Estimation Canopy Canopy normalized water index 2 Normalized water index 2 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). NWI2 Normalized water index 2 Tan spot seedling response Seedling Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot seedling response TanSpotSdlgResp FgramSev Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum severity. Grain number (GNO) as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. GNO determines the sink size of the crop and under many conditions it is strongly correlated with yield. Grains/m2 (GNO) = yield (g/m2) / TGW (g) × 1000. GN Computation Bread CrmStr Bread crumb structure Structure The cellular structure of wheat bread crumb. Calculated from shoots sampled seven days after anthesis and SPI is expressed as a ratio and can be calculated as SPI= (dry weight of spikes at anthesis+7/dry weight of the whole plants (shoots) at anthesis+7). SpkPI Computation NIRS Starch Measurement NIR calibrated Spread factor Cookie CookSdF Cookie spread factor The ratio between average height and width of cookies. Flour SDS sedimentation volume Testing of refined flour quality by sds-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. Flour SDS sedimentation FlrSDS Standard method for ant damage. AntDmg Estimation Score the damage caused by frost per plot. FrostDmg Estimation b value Septoria blotch severity Septoria blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Leaf SepSpSev Septoria blotch severity Standard method for grain hardness class. GHrd Measurement Hail damage HailDmg Plant damage caused by hail. Hail damage Plant s Nitrogen uptake Plant Uptake of Nitrogen in the above ground biomass at maturity. Above ground biomass nitrogen uptake BMNUp Spike Number of spikes (fertile culms) per unit area, sample or plant. SN Number Spike number SDS-PAGE electrophoresis 1. Extract storage proteins (glutenins/gliadins) from wheat grain, 2. Separate glutenins from gliadins, 3. Run proteins extracts in polyacrylamide gels, 4. Stain the gel and de-stain, 5. Identify the allele for each locus. LeafTR Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Score the damage caused by waterlogging WtrLoggDmg Estimation FND DS31 date Estimation Record date of first node detectable (DS31). It is easier to determine in the field than DS30. It is estimated in-field as the day at which the first node can be detected at approximately 1 cm above the tillering node. The observation is performed in the main tiller. 0-1 absent-present Grain thickness Thickness of whole grain. Grain GThk Thickness GrndCov Measurement High throughput approaches to measuring ground cover are: visual assessment or digital analysis of photographs Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.8 mm - 2.5 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass2 Plant LAI Leaf area index It is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies and defined as the leaf area per unit ground surface area. Leaf area index Grain fill rate GFR Grain fill rate Plant Grain weight increase per day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Grain retention GReten Retention proportion Grain Proportion of big grain remaining above the sieve. Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/700. Leaf R750/R700 Measurement Plant damage caused by herbicide. HerbicideDmg Herbicide damage Herbicide damage Plant Standard method for straw breakage. StrawBreak Estimation Calculated daily grain weight increase between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration. GFR Computation Fusarium head blight grain incidence Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. FHBGInc Grain Fusarium head blight grain incidence Number Number of infertile spikelet per spike. Infertile spike number Spike InfertSpkN TllrCapacity Plant Tillering capacity An tillering capacity. Tillering capacity Awns Observation of awn type whether awnless/awnletted (short awns)/awned (conspicious awns). Spike awnedness Spike Awnedness Quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Leaf PhiCO2 Quantum yield of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation. Leaf quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Assessment of heading (DS55) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Hd DS55 relative Estimation Rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide through the stomata. StomaCond Leaf Stomatal conductance Leaf stomatal conductance Calculated as biomass per unit of Nitrogen taken up. BMNUte Computation GThk Measurement Standard method for whole grain thickness. Surface area Grain GsurfA Surface of whole grain. Grain surface area Ability of the plant to remain/maintain green leaves, stems and spikes at the time of senescing. Canopy stay green Stay green Canopy StayGreen 1-9 incidence scale Measurement of plant emergence and vigor in the field. Stand establishment Plant StdEst Establish Calculate number of plant per area. PlntStnd Computation Canopy LI Canopy light interception Light interception Light energy intercepted by the canopy. Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground biomass at harvest. BMNUp Computation Whole meal flour falling number WMFlrFN Indication of the amount of sprout damage that has occurred within a wheat sample. falling number value of 350 seconds or longer indicates a low enzyme activity and very sound wheat quality. as the amount of enzyme activity increases, the falling number decreases. Values below 200 seconds indicate high levels of enzyme activity. Falling number Whole meal flour 1-4 HRDCLS scale Soil borne mosaic incidence SBMVInc Soil borne mosaic incidence Soil borne mosaic incidence in the plants caused by the agent soilborne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv) which is vectored by Plasmodiophorid polymyxa graminis. Leaf Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch response. StritResp Estimation Plant Ant damage AntDmg Ant damage The plant damage caused by ants. 0-12 Modified Cobb Scale NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. CookSdF Measurement Standard method for cookie spread factor. SepSPInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria species incidence. STR NIRS Measurement Straw NIR calibrated. Standard method for stem length. StmLng Measurement ml/% Grain size Grain GSize Grain size. Size 1-5 RELTPH scale Standard method for loose smut incidence. UtritInc Estimation µmol CO2/mol Steady-state fluorescence Fs The fluorescence emitting during steady state. Leaf Leaf steady-state fluorescence g/degree C day SGNDmg Plant Seed gall nematode damage The wheat seed-gall nematode damage caused by Anguina tritici. Seed gall nematode damage Cold tolerance Plant Cold tolerance ColdTol Plant tolerance to lower temperatures than the optimum. Standard method for grain lysine content. GLys Measurement GPD Computation Calculated as the deviation from the yield-protein linear regression. SpkGW Measurement Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. degree C day Translocation 1BL/1RS Absence/Presence Translocation 1BL/1RS The 1bl/1rs translocation in wheat resulted from replacing the short arm of the chromosome 1b of wheat by the short arm of the chromosome 1r of rye (Secale cereale l.). T1BL1RS day PedLng Length of peduncle. Peduncle length Length Peduncle Total protein content (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in refined flour. Flour protein content Flour FlrProt Protein content Canopy Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a Rarsa is an estimation of chlorophyll a content. Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a RARSa 1-9 SPKDEN scale Flour Glutenin Glu-A3 composition GluA3 Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a3. Acid soil tolerance Plant Plant tolerance to acid soil. AcdTol Acid soil tolerance Grain width Grain Width of whole grain. Width GWid PhordInc Leaf Barley leaf rust incidence Barley leaf rust incidence Barley leaf rust incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Proportion of seed that germinate under proper condition. Grain germination Germ Grain Germination Leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Chl Leaf PrecoInc Estimation Standard method for leaf rust incidence. Node number NodeN Stem Node number Number of nodes in the main stem. Take-all incidence in the plants caused by the agent Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt). Plant Take all incidence GgtriInc Take all incidence Mat DS87 relative Estimation Assessment of physiological maturity (approx. DS87) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Image Analysis Screen Count2 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.8 ? 2.5 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. PhiPS2 Measurement Standard method for fluorescence measurement. Variable fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FvDA Measurement Rarsb is an estimation of chlorophyll b content. Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Canopy RARSb Leaf R750/R550 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/R550. 0-9 AWNS scale a value Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. ISBM Computation Notes taken in the field. Note Estimation Biomass production rate. Production per day Biomass Biomass production rate BMPR Standard method for stomatal size. StomaSiz Measurement Grain Number of grains expressed as per unit area or sample. Number Grain number GN FHBSpkInc Estimation Standard method for FHB spike incidence. Alveograph value P Dough alveograph value P Dough AlvP P value is the force required to blow the bubble of dough. it is indicated by the maximum height of the curve. Image Analysis Screen Count1 Standard method for screening grain size distribution >2.8 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R)machine. Fs Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. µmol CO2/m2/s Main shoots are assessed for sharp eyespot disease. RcereInc Estimation g/plot The plant damage caused by root diseases. Root disease development RootDis Root disease development Root GrwHabit Estimation Observe the growth habit of wheat plants during tillering stages and rate whether erect/semi-erect/prostrate/semi-spreading/spreading Severity of rust in spike is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. PstriSpkSev Estimation m NupE Computation Calculated as above ground biomass Nitrogen content divided by soil Nitrogen plant/m Spike Fruiting efficiency The final outcome of the floret developmental rates (determining the number of floret primordia that reach the stage of fertile florets at anthesis) and the proportion of grain set per fertile floret (the opposite to grain abortion), per unit of spike weight. FE Fruiting efficiency Number of days from sowing to the seedling emergence (DS10). Emer DS10 days Computation Visual observation of grains size. GSize Estimation 1-6 SPKTYPE scale 0-5 TANSPOT field response scale The disease severity in the plants caused by the agent Helminthosporium species. Helminthosporium species severity Plant Helminthosporium species severity HelSpSev Standard method for Barley leaf rust incidence. PhordInc Estimation Leaf R675 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R675. Standard method for ash content in whole meal flour. WMFlrAsh Estimation Leaf Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration. Ci Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration BMPR Computation Calculated with final biomass obtained /days to maturity. Amount (weight) of grains that was harvested. GY Grain Grain yield Yield Grain weight increase per degree day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Plant Grain fill rate thermal time Grain fill rate thermal time GFRTT Number of spikelets per spike. Number Spikelet SplN Spikelet number Standard method for stem strength. StmStrength Estimation Standard method for spectral reflectance. GNDVI Measurement Net blotch severity Leaf Net blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (Helminthosporium teres). Net blotch severity HtereSev Content of fibre (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Gfibre Fibre content Grain Grain fibre content CT Measurement Take measurements at least two times from full ground cover to the end of booting (pre-heading), and at least two times from the end of anthesis to late grainfilling (grain-filling) -with 5-7 days between each measurement to give a reasonably heritable estimate of trait expression. WormDmg Plant The plant damage caused by worms. Worm damage Worm damage Grain appearance Appearance Grain Appearance of a single grain. GApp GNitr Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Grain Nitrogen content Grain Nitrogen content RootRot Common root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agents Cochliobolus sativus, fusarium spp., and Pythium species. Common root rot incidence Plant Common root rot incidence Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the grain at harvest. GNUp Computation Standard method for grain color. GCol Estimation 1. A sample of 35 grams of flour on a 14 percent moisture basis is weighed and placed in a mixograph bowl, 2. Water is added to the flour from a buret and the bowl is inserted into the mixograph, 3. The flour and water are mixed together to form a dough, 4. As the dough is mixed, the mixograph records a curve on graph paper. MIXOGRAPH determination AACC 54-40 A Color of the stems. StmCol Color Stem color Stem Biomass partitioning to grain Plant A ratio of grain yield to total above ground biomass. Harvest index HI AwnCol Estimation Standard method for awn color. Standard method for standard establishment. StdEst Estimation Dough alveograph value W AlvW Alveograph value W Dough Dough strength by alveograph. W value is the area under the curve. it is a combination of dough strength (p value) and extensibility (l value). 1-8 generic disease field response scale 1-6 Phenological relative scale WKill Winter kill damage Plant Winter kill damage Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Leaf Leaf pubescent length. Pubescence length Leaf pubescence length LeafPubLng Straw strength Strength of straw. StrawStn Strength Straw Standard method for awn length. AwnLng Measurement min Heading time extends from the time of emergence of the tip of the spike from the flag leaf sheath to when the spike has completely emerged but has not yet started to flower. Heading time Plant Heading time Hd infertile tiller/m2 Boot DS45 date Estimation Record booting stage (DS45) when 50% of culms present boot swollen. 1-5 density scale Spectral reflectance Leaf LeafR750R700 Leaf spectral reflectance 750/550 nm The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R550 nm wavelength. Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. RLNDmg Estimation Awn Length AwnLng Awn length Awn length. Spike Fusarium graminearum response in the plants. FgramResp Fusarium graminearum plant response Fusarium graminearum plant response Leaf Rolling incidence Leaf rolling incidence LRollInc Incidence of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the MCNEAL scale. Field response McNEAL Estimation Straw Amount (weight) of straw. Straw yield Yield StrawYld scale_of InfertTN Infertile tiller number Infertile tiller Number of infertile tillers per unit area, sample or plant. Number 0-5 incidence scale 0-8 Rust infection type Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust spike severity PstriSpkSev Spike Stripe rust spike severity The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R700 nm wavelength. Leaf LeafR750R700 Spectral reflectance Leaf spectral reflectance 750/700 nm Standard method for net blotch incidence. HtereInc Estimation Emer DS10 date Estimation Record date of when 50% of seedlings have emerged (DS10). 0-9 density scale Pubescence density Peduncle Peduncle pubescence density PedPubDen Peduncle hairiness density. Boot Booting time Plant Booting time Booting time is just prior to spike emergence, when the flag leaf sheath encloses the growing spike. 0-5 FHB field response scale Proceed following the protocol for sampling of grains or leaves for CID in Chapter 6 in Pask et al., 2012. Mass spectrometers generate differential values of stable carbon isotope composition (?13C), expressed negative values in parts per thousand (?) (Farquhar et al., 1989): ?13C (?) = [(Rsample/Rstandard)?1] × 1000. Where: the ratio of heavy to light isotope (R = 13C/12C) for the sample is in comparison to Peedee Belemnite (PDB) carbonate (limestone) standard. Following Farquhar et al. (1989) ? rather than using carbon isotope composition values (?13C), positive values for CID (?13C) can be calculated for easier statistical analysis as: ?13C = [(?a-?p)]/[1 + (?p/1000)] CID determination Standard method for peduncle length. PedLng Measurement Observe the tendency of grain to sprout when in the spike and rate the tolerance. SproutTol Estimation 1-6 COLOR scale SpkDW Computation Standard spike dry weight method. Lodging incidence Lodging incidence Plant Indicates incidence of lodged plants. Lodg delta 13C DR DT Computation Number of days from sowing to double ridge (DS14-15 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Plant BMNUpE Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency Nitrogen uptake efficiency N-uptake efficiency as the total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground plant at harvest in relation to the available Nitrogen in soil. RSpkGP Computation Phase period where the spike growth the most regarding the whole crop cycle and can be calculated as (anthesis date-initiation of booting date)/days to maturity *100. Length Rachis Rachis length Length of rachis. RachLng Leaf PhordSev Barley leaf rust severity Barley leaf rust severity Barley leaf rust severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Standard method for take all incidence. GgtriInc Estimation Plant Southern blight plant response Southern blight response in the plants caused by the agent Corticum rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii). Southern blight plant response SrolfResp Plant PH Height of plant from ground to top of spike, excluding awns. Height Plant height TTIB Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until initiation of booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. 1-5 HRDCLS scale Grain Iron content GIron Iron content Grain Content of iron in grain. 0-9 Mc Neal scale STRNUp Computation Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the straw at harvest. WKill Estimation Observe winterkill of plants per plot and rate it. SaltTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at the field presenting soil salinity and rate the tolerance. Stem rust severity Stem rust severity Plant Stem rust (black rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. PgramSev Plant tolerance to high levels of soil boron. Boron tolerance Plant BTol Boron tolerance variable_of Common bunt (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia species. Common bunt spike incidence Spike Common bunt spike incidence TilSpSpkInc Rapid spike growth period. Canopy Grain Filling duration RSpkGP Rapid spike growth period kg/ha RsolaInc Estimation Standard method for rhizoctonia root rot incidence. PgramNote Stem rust notes Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Plant Stem rust notes Grain screenings Screenings proportion Proportion of small grain passing through a sieve. Grain GScreen Harvest index is expressed in percentage and can be calculated as Harvest index (%) = (Grain yield/Biomass)*100. HI Computation Count the number of infertile tillers. InfertTN Counting Dough Dough alveograph P/L Alveograph P/L AlvPL Ratio of tenacity (p, maximum pressure required for the deformation of the sample) and extensibility (l, length of the curve) of dough. Rhizoctonia root rot incidence RsolaInc Rhizoctonia root rot incidence Rhizoctonia root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia solani. Plant SN Measurement It can be easily and non-destructively measured during grain-filling (i.e., before physiological maturity) by counting in a given area or length of row. 1-9 STRAWBREAK scale Standard method for barley yellow dwarf incidence. BYDInc Estimation SepSpResp Estimation Standard method for Septoria species response. Measured as weight by percentage of all matter remaining above a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots. GReten Measurement PedGlau Estimation Standard method for peduncle glaucousness. LeafCID Carbon isotope discrimination Leaf carbon isotope discrimination Leaves carbon isotope discrimination can be measured in the leaves during early canopy development in well irrigated trials, in which case genotypic effects will be related mainly to transpiration efficiency. Leaf GYFac Computation Standard method for yield factor NWI3 Normalized water index 3 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Canopy normalized water index 3 Normalized water index 3 Canopy 1-8 rust field response scale Color Awn color. AwnCol Awn color Awn Forage dry matter Forage dry matter. Forage dry matter ForgDM Plant Standard method for stomatal frequency. StomaFrq Counting Standard method for FHB infected spikelets counting. FHBSplInc Counting Stem Strength Strength of the culm. StmStrength Stem strength Standard method for In-season aboveground biomass. ISBM Estimation plant/m2 Stem rust coefficient of infection Stem rust coefficient of infection PgramCI Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Plant FlrFN Measurement 1. A 7-gram sample of ground wheat or flour is weighed and combined with 25 milliliter of distilled water in a glass falling number tube with a stirrer and shaken to form a slurry. When grinding a wheat sample to perform a falling number test, it should be at least 300 grams to assure a representative sample, 2. As the slurry is heated in a boiling water bath at 100° Centigrade and stirred constantly, the starch gelatinizes and forms a thick paste, 3. The time it takes the stirrer to drop through the paste is recorded as the falling number value. 0-9 AnthExt GFP days Computation Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. cm2 Common bunt incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TilSpSpkInc Estimation Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a light adapted leaf. FvLAFmLA measurement High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d1. Glutenin Glu-D1 composition GluD1 Flour Glutenin Glu-D1 composition Spike sterility observed as infertile florets. Spike Spike sterility index SpkSterility Sterility Leaf length Length LeafLng Leaf Length of leaf. degree C Whole meal flour ash content Whole meal flour WMFlrAsh Ash content in flour. Ash content Plant HesFlyDmg Hessian fly damage Hessian fly damage The plant damage caused by hessian fly, Maytiola destructor. StomaFrq Number of stomata counted per unit area on the leaf surface. Stomatal frequency Leaf Leaf stomatal frequency FE Computation Spike fertility index. Dry weight of 20 randomly selected spikes at anthesis. Fruiting Efficiency= number of grains at maturity / spike dry matter at anthesis. Count or calculate the number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per lineal meter, per plant or per square meter. TN Counting Leaf Leaf spectral reflectance 550 nm Spectral reflectance LeafR550 The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R550 nm wavelength. Fusarium head blight spike weight FHBSpkWt Fusarium head blight spike weight Spike Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. GrnSpk Computation The number of grains per spike can be measured independently by threshing a known number of randomly selected spikes per plot (10-20 spikes per plot) or can be calculated as: Grains per spike (GSP) = grains m2 / spikes m2. Width of glume. Glume width Width Glume GlmWid Russian wheat aphid damage Russian wheat aphid damage DnoxiDmg Plant The plant damage caused by Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxis. Calculated as sum of straw Nitrogen content and grain Nitrogen content according to the biomass partition into straw and grain. BM NIRS Computation Stem length Length of stem. Stem StmLng Length ErlVig Estimation Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. Canopy The amount of biomass produced per unit of intercepted solar radiation. Radiation Use Efficiency RUE_T Radiation use efficiency NeckBreak Estimation Standard method for neck break. GAmyloPec Grain amylopectin content Amylopectin content Content of amylopectin in grain. Grain GlmPubLng Measurement Standard method for glume pubescence length. Standard method for ground cover at 5 leaves stage. GrndCov Measurement (GS15) t/ha SawflyDmg Sawfly damage Plant The plant damage caused by sawfly, Cephus cinctus. Sawfly damage Tilletia laevis bunt incidence TlaevInc Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia laevis (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). Tilletia laevis bunt incidence Spike GluTyp Estimation Gluten type is determined based on gluten properties data (flour protein content, Alveograph W, Alveograph P/L) following Peña 2011: Wheat End-use Quality types. Standard method for leaf rust response. PrecoResp Estimation 1-3 STDEST scale SplN Counting Both the total number of spikelets and the number of fertile spikelets (i.e., those containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. When sampling large numbers of samples or plots, time may be saved by randomly counting one side of the spike and multiplying by two. Plant Fusarium leaf blotch incidence FnivLBInc Fusarium leaf blotch incidence Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). Plant GrwCls Growth class Growth class Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat. Nitrogen uptake Grain Nitrogen uptake Grain Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole wheat grain samples. GNUp Leaf Glaucousness in leaf. LeafGlau Glaucousness Leaf glaucousness Length of flag leaf lamina. Flag leaf lamina length Length Flag leaf lamina FLeafLLng Boot DS45 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to booting stage (DS45). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Glutenin Glu-B3 composition Glutenin Glu-B3 composition Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b3. Flour GluB3 TSpl date Estimation Record date of terminal spikelet stage (DS25-30 approx.). It is estimated as the date at which the final spikelet can be observed on the forming spike within the stem of the main culm, typically measured on around 3-5 plants per plot. It required a main tiller dissection and an observation of the apex on an optic magnifier. ColdTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at temperature lower than the optimum temperature and rate the tolerance. method_of NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.5 ? 2.2 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count3 Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. BM Computation Foliar disease development Leaf FolDis Foliar disease development The plant damage caused by foliar diseases. ml Standard method for semolina yellow pigment. SemoYellPig Measurement g Number of days from sowing to initiation of booting (DS39-DS41). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Boot DS39 DT Computation Canopy red normalized difference vegetation index Canopy RNDVI Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Normalized difference vegetation index Septoria tritici blotch severity Plant StritSev Septoria tritici blotch severity Septoria tritici blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Number of days from sowing to terminal spikelet (DS25-30 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. TSpl DT Computation Net photosynthesis rate Carbon fixation by photosynthesis. Leaf Anet Leaf net photosynthesis rate Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust plant response PrecoResp Leaf rust plant response Leaf GApp Estimation Standard method for grain appearance. PH Estimation Score a relative plant height to local check using 1-5 scale where 3 is used for the local check (1 = short, 5 = tall). Assessment of plant height compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Whole meal flour yellow pigment content WMFlrYellPig Whole meal flour Yellow pigment content Whole meal flour yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Plumpness Grain Grain plumpness GPlump The degree of endosperm filling. Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. PlntVig Estimation Observe threshability by hand threshing of one or two spikes and rate it according how easily grains are separated from the rachis and glumes using 1 (hard to thresh) to 9 (easy to thresh) scale. Threshblty Estimation LAI Computation LAI can be determined directly by taking a sample of canopy from a plant canopy, measuring the leaf area per sample plot with an area meter or image scanner and dividing it by the plot land surface area. Indirect methods use ceptometer to measure canopy geometry or light extinction and relate it to LAI. (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2). GrwCls Estimation Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat StritInc Plant Septoria tritici blotch incidence Septoria tritici blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Septoria tritici blotch incidence Karnal bunt incidence Karnal bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia indica (syn. Neovossia indica). TindiInc Spike Karnal bunt incidence StmSol Estimation Standard method for stem solidness. Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. RUE Computation TcontInc Dwarf bunt incidence Dwarf bunt incidence Dwarf bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia controversa. Spike GPhos Measurement Standard method for grain phosphorus content. g/1000 grain Spike Fusarium head blight AUDPC FHBAUDPC Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight AUDPC g/MJ FHBSplInc Computation Calculated as the index (ratio) of infected spikelets over total number of spikelets by Calonectria nivalis (Fusarium nivale, F. graminearum) causing scab disease in spike. Semolina color Color SemoCol Semolina The semolina color. Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTB Computation 1-5 incidence scale Image Analysis Screen Mass6 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that are below 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. tiller/plant AACC 55-10 or SeedCount management procedure Standard method for test weight. Canopy A vegetation index related with canopy structure, light absorption and photosynthetic capacity. SR Simple ratio Canopy simple ratio Standard method for leaf width. LeafWid Measurement Photosynthetic contribution of the spike (ear) to grain yield. Spike photosynthesis contribution Spike Photosynthesis Spike SpkPho StmWSC NIR Measurement Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with NIRs. grain/spike For agronomic score observe visually detectable signs of factors limiting yields and rate. AgrScr Estimation RootDis Estimation Standard method for root disease development. GVtr One of the key quality parameters in the determination of durum quality referring to translucent or glass-like appearance when seeds are transversely sectioned and observed whether not vitreous/partly vitreous/vitreous. it is associated with high protein and hard grain. Grain vitreousness Grain Vitreousness Tilletia laevis incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TlaevInc Estimation g/100 grain Flour Sedimentation index SedIdx Flour SDS sedimentation index Is the result of dividing sedimentation volume by flour protein content. %/min 1-3 GRNPLUMP scale Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a soil presenting aluminum toxicity and rate the tolerance. AlTol Estimation Standard method for Septoria nodorum blotch incidence SnodoInc Estimation TTH Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until emergence (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Terminal spikelet time Terminal spikelet time Terminal spikelet time is when the last spikelet, the terminal spikelet, has been produced. TSpl Plant StmWSC Stem Water soluble carbohydrate content Stem water soluble carbohydrate Water soluble carbohydrates accumulate up to and around anthesis and are partitioned to the stem, from where they are later available as a reservoir for remobilization to the developing grains. These reserves are an important source of carbon for grain filling. joules Aphid damage Plant Aphid damage AphDmg The plant damage caused by various species of aphids. The number of infertile spikelets (i.e., those NOT containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. InfertSpkN Counting FoxiWilt Estimation Standard method for Fusarium wilt incidence. Plant FrostDmg Frost damage Plant damage caused by frost. Frost damage PrecoCI Leaf Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf rust coefficient of infection StmCol Estimation Standard method for stem color. Standard method for whole meal flour falling number. WMFlrFN Measurement Cyst nematode damage Root The wheat cyst nematode damage caused by cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae. Cyst nematode damage HavenDmg Number of days required from sowing to spike emergence from the flag leaf (DS55). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Hd DS55 days Computation Calculated with grain yield obtained /days to maturity. GYPR Computation Standard method for common root rot incidence. RootRot Estimation Stem diameter Diameter StmDia Stem Stem outer diameter. CrmStr Estimation Standard method for crumb structure. Number of days from sowing to first node detectable. However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. FND DS31 DT Computation Standard method for leaf rolling severity. LRollSev Estimation Flour yield FlrYld Flour Proportion of flour recovered during milling. Yield GVtr Estimation Standard method for seed vitreousness. Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until terminal spikelet(thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTTS Computation infertile tiller/m Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection PhordCI Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf Barley leaf rust incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. AlvL Dough alveograph value L Alveograph value L L value is the extensibility of the dough before the bubble breaks. it is indicated by the length of the curve. Dough Canopy Photochemical reflectance index Canopy photochemical reflectance index Photochemical reflectance index is correlated with the de-epoxidation stage of the xanthophylls cycle, with zeaxanthin, and with radiation-use efficiency (filella et al., 1996). higher pri values indicate greater efficiency. PRI Gluten content FLRGluCon Content of wet gluten in flour. Flour Flour gluten content TTA Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until anthesis (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. WI Canopy Water index Canopy water index Water index use reflectance at 970 nm as a wavelength sensitive to water content, while reflectance at 900 nm is taken as a reference which is similarly affected by canopy and leaf structures but with null absorption by water. Standard method for scoring tan spot response in adult plants. TanSpotResp Estimation Standard method for aphid damage. AphDmg Estimation Grain FHBDON Fusarium head blight DON content Fusarium head blight DON content Content of deoxynivalenol or don (vomitoxin) that is often associated with fhb (fusarium spp.) infected grains. Snail damage Plant Snail damage The plant damage caused by snails. SnailDmg Stripe rust seedling response Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the seedlings caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust seedling response PstriSdlgResp Seedling 0-9 GRNAPP scale g/l Plant Fusarium leaf blotch severity Fusarium leaf blotch severity Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) severity in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). FnivLBSev Chlorophyll content Leaf Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-a. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. LeafPSSRa Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll a GlmLng Measurement Standard method for glume length. FlrYld Measurement Standard method for flour yield. Stem rust seedling response PgramSdlgResp Stem rust seedling response Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Seedling Standard method for wheat blast severity. MgrisSev Estimation NHI Nitrogen harvest index The fraction of Nitrogen recovered in the harvested grain as a function of the total Nitrogen taken up. Nitrogen harvest index Plant ?mol/m2/s Grain Grain length Length Length of whole grain. GLng Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FmDA Measurement ETR Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. ArmyWDmg Estimation Standard method for armyworm damage. 1-9 scoring scale kg/plot Tiller TN Tiller number Tiller number Number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per unit area, sample or plant. FvLA Measurement Variable fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. Calculated grain weight increase per degree day with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. GFRTT Computation Spike Wheat blast severity Wheat blast severity in the spikes caused by the agent Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: It can infect all above-ground parts of the wheat plant, but head blast, resembling Fusarium head blight in appearance, is the most common symptom in the field. Infected spikes become bleached and produce small shriveled seed or none at all. Wheat blast severity MgrisSev Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R550. Leaf R550 Measurement StmWSC Atrone Measurement Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with chemical method Antrone. grain/spikelet Quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII. PhiPS2 Leaf Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II Quantum yield of photosystem II Flour color. FlrCol Flour Color Flour color Flag leaf Flag leaf senescence. Flag leaf senescence FLeafSen Senescence Solidness Stem Solidness of stem. StmSol Stem solidness GFP Grain filling period Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Plant Grain filling period spikelet GNDVI Normalized difference vegetation index Canopy green normalized difference vegetation index Canopy Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Canopy Normalized water index 4 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Canopy normalized water index 4 Normalized water index 4 NWI4 1-3 STRAWStrength StmWallThk Measurement Standard method for stem wall thickness. Plant Barley stripe mosaic incidence Barley stripe mosaic incidence in the plants caused by barley stripe mosaic virus. Barley stripe mosaic incidence BSMV Calculated as the above ground biomass divided by the total soil Nitrogen. BMNUE Computation Standard method for screening grain size distribution <1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count6 PlntStnd Counting Counting the number of plant per area or row. Standard method for glume color. GlmCol Estimation Minimal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Leaf Leaf minimal fluorescence intensity FoLA Minimal fluorescence intensity Vegetative period Time period between emergence (ds10) and first node detectable (ds31). Plant Plant vegetative period VgP Standard method for spike density. SpkDen Estimation tiller/m Standard method for spike disease development. SpkDis Estimation ISBM Measurement Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. Image Analysis Screen Mass4 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.2 mm - 2.0 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Content of phosphorus in grain. Grain Grain phosphorous content Phosphorous content GPhos GLng Measurement Standard method for whole grain length. Seedling rust field response Estimation Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. Record date of heading (DS55) when 50% of the spike is emerged (i.e., middle of the spike at the flag leaf ligule) on 50% of all stems. Hd DS55 date Estimation Plant Nitrogen content BMNitr Above ground biomass nitrogen content Nitrogen content of the above ground biomass. plant/ha Standard method for russian wheat aphid damage. DnoxiDmg Estimation Canopy normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index Canopy NDVI Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. 1-5 LRoll scale num StmWSC Measurement Sampling for water soluble carbohydrate is often combined with in-season biomass sampling and partitioning. Ensure to plan sampling approach carefully to allow for maximal data collection/economy of sampling (e.g., data on partitioning weights can be collected on the same 20 culm sample). The leaf lamina and/or leaf sheath may also be analyzed for WSC separately, or not removed from the stem for ?whole stem? analysis. Lab analysis is performed by NIR or wet chemical method. Standard method for tillering capacity. TllrCapacity Estimation 0-9 DAMAGE scale Some forms of spotting and necrosis result from chromosomal instability or genetic aberrations, these disorders are known as hybrid necrosis. Affected plants show differing degrees of necrosis, often associated with stunting or dwarf clumping. Hybrid necrosis usually is observed in early generation material, and affected progeny are eliminated HNecro Estimation Number of grains per spikelet. Spikelet Grain number GrnSpl Grain number per spikelet tiller/m2 mm2 Standard method for whole grain width. GWid Measurement 0-5 Septoria Response scale Crop ground cover Plant GrndCov Ground cover Crop ground cover, or the percentage of soil surface covered by plant foliage. Stomata size. Leaf stomatal size Leaf StomaSiz Stomatal size Standard method for leaf pubescence length. LeafPubLng Measurement Standard method for flag leaf lamina width. FLeafLWid Measurement 0-4 PRECO scale Standard method for forage dry matter. ForgDM Estimation HerbicideDmg Estimation Standard method for herbicide damage. Plant Heat tolerance Heat tolerance HeatTol Plant tolerance to heat conditions. Fusarium graminearum severity in the plants. Fusarium graminearum severity Fusarium graminearum severity FgramSev Spike LeafPSSRa Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. SedIdx Measurement Standard method for sedimentation index. GZinc Measurement Standard method for grain zinc content. LofVol Measurement Standard method for loaf volume. Drought tolerance Plant tolerance to drought conditions. DroughtTol Plant Drought tolerance 1-3 GRNCOL scale SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis (1BL1RS) Detect in the SDS-PAGE gel the presence of some protein bands from rye chromosome translocation. Fusarium head blight spike response Spike Fusarium head blight (scab) spike response caused by the agent fusarium spp. FHBSpkResp Fusarium head blight spike response WormDmg Estimation Standard method for worm damage. Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FmLA Measurement Shape characteristics of typical mature spikes. Spike Type Spike type SpkTyp Standard method for peduncle pubescence density. PedPubDen Estimation Ci Computation Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. FvDAFmLA measurement Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a dark adapted leaf. Standard method for barley scald blight severity. RsecaSev Estimation Shattering Estimation Standard method for spike shattering.