37 Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf just visible 1 highly susceptible Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_m PH_M_m CIMMYT BSMV_E_0to9pct CIMMYT BSMV_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRI_index PRI_M_Idx STMFRQ CIMMYT StomaFrq_Ct_stomamm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMFRQ_num GLUD3_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluD3_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrFN_M_s FLRFN _s CIMMYT 32 Stem elongation or jointing, 2nd node detectable LeafR550_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFlrFN_M_s WMFLRFN_s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUB3_text CIMMYT GluB3_M_text no disease 00 LeafPSSRb_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HgramInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HGRAM_pct 54 50% plant height affected, 40% coverage very hard (VH) VH Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FvLA_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla INSECTDMG_pct InsectDmg_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT TN_Ct_Tllrm2 TNO_tll_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 27 20% plant height affected, 70% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PLNTSTND_pl_m PlntStnd_Ct_Plntm PEDLNG _cm PedLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 80% plant height affected, 30% coverage 83 Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones S FLRCOL_a_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrCol_M_avalue CIMMYT CIMMYT STMSTRENGTH_1_9 StmStrength_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNCOL_b_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GCol_M_bvalue CIMMYT 24 Tillering, Main shoot and 4 Tillers SemoYellPig_M_ppm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEMOYELPIG_ppm WMFLRCOL_b_value WMFlrCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 weak W white Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StomaSiz_M_um CIMMYT STMSIZ _um CIMMYT FROSTDMG_1_5__SPK Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FrostDmg_N_T_S_M_V FrostDmg_E_1to5 WI_M_Idx CIMMYT WI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla facultative (intermediate) I ATRITDMG _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SGNDmg_E_pct TSpl_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TSD CIMMYT TSD_yyyymmdd , nearly immune, no uredinia, but hypersensitive necrotic or chlorotic flecks present (,) 40% plant height affected, 10% coverage 41 FgramInc_E_pct CIMMYT FGRAM_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLMPUBLNG_um GlmPubLng_M_um CIMMYT CIMMYT AgrScr_E_1to9 AGRSCR_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SemoProt_Kjl_pct SEMOPROT _pct CIMMYT WMFLRCOL_L_value WMFlrCol_M_Lvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HI_Calc_pct HI_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT StmWSC_NIR_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla T1BL1RS_0_1 CIMMYT T1BL1RS_M_0to1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrCol_M_avalue WMFLRCOL_a_value CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LRollInc_E_pct intermediate to moderate 6 SrolfResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SROLF_1_8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RsolaInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT RSOLA_0_9 CIMMYT GLys_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_Calc_tha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_t_ha CIMMYT 77 70% plant height affected, 70% coverage CIMMYT LofVol_M_ml LOFVOL_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StayGreen_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STAYGREEN_1_5 CIMMYT CIMMYT HgramInc_E_0to9pct HGRAM_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PSTRI_0_9__RESP PstriResp_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLEAFA _cm2 CIMMYT FLeafA_M_cm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RNDVI_index RNDVI_M_Idx CIMMYT StmCol_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StdEst_E_1to3 very low 2 CIMMYT PNEGLE_pct PnegleDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GYPR_Calc_gm2day Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT R-MR resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SHATTERING_pct CIMMYT Shattering_E_pct TTIB_Calc_Cday CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafSPI_M_Idx CIMMYT CIMMYT GRNPROT_pct GProt_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 20% plant height affected, 80% coverage 28 susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis S Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhiCO2_M_Idx CIMMYT BLBSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Strong (S) S PSTRI_pct__CI CIMMYT PstriCI_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla attribute EMERD Emergence date CIMMYT EMERDATE Emer_date_ymd EDATE EMERD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla very low damage 2 Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass3_pct StrawYld_E_tha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNPLUMP_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GPlump_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_g_plot CIMMYT ISBM_M_gPlot GLMPUBDEN _0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmPubDen_E_0to9 Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AnthExt_E_pct WORMDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WormDmg_E_pct CIMMYT TLAEV_pct__INC TlaevInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 70% plants with broken straw 7 P purple CIMMYT DTIB_days DTIB Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Boot_dtoInit_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ATRIT _1_8__RESP AtritResp_E_1to8 intermediate 3 CIMMYT CROPGRWRATE_g_m2_day CropGrwRate_Calc_gm2day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HELSP_00_99 CIMMYT HelSpSev_E_00to99 InsectDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla InsectDmg_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT INSECTDMG_1_5 CIMMYT SpkDis_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPKDIS_1_5 SpkDis_E_1to5 1 none (N) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GluB1_M_text GLUB1_text RARSc_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RARSc_M_Idx CIMMYT very severe (V) 5 CT_M_C CT_C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Emer_dto_day Days to emergence Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTE_days DTE CIMMYT 5 50% anther extrusion 93 Ripening, Kernel loosening in daytime Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_kgha Yld_kgha GY_Calc_kgha GRNYLD_kg_ha CIMMYT JIC Luzie U Wingen Nitrogen use efficiency NUE_Calc_kgkgN UtritInc_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT UTRIT_1_9__INC CIMMYT DTB BOOT Boot_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTB_days 90% plant height affected, 20% coverage 92 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_g_m2 BM_Calc_gm2 CIMMYT ARMDMG_pct ArmyWDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 7 good to very good (G-VG) Boot_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BOOTD_yyyymmdd BOOTDATE BOOTD HailDmg_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HailDmg_E_1to5 HAILDMG_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DNOXI_pct DnoxiDmg_E_pct 34 30% plant height affected, 40% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FrostDmg_E_0to9 FROSTDMGP_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PGRAM_1_8__ADLTRESP PgramResp_E_1to8 98 90% plant height affected, 80% coverage Germ_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GERM_pct GermiTest_pct CIMMYT SaltTol_E_1to9 SALTOL _1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 40 40 3 medium GluA1_M_text GLUA1_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_M_kgPlot CIMMYT BM_kg_plot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HtereSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HTERE_00_99__SEV 13 10% plant height affected, 30% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SuPDmg_E_1to5 SUPDMG _1_5 CIMMYT PSTRI_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PstriSdlgResp_E_0to8 NHI_Calc_pct JIC Luzie U Wingen Nitrogen harvest index CIMMYT LeafWid_M_mm LEAFWID_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NODENO _num CIMMYT NodeNO_Ct_node CIMMYT SpkPho_Textile_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 25 Tillering, Main shoot and 5 Tillers very poor to poor (VP-P) 1 7 awned (conspicuous) THOUWT TKW Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TGW_g GW_M_g1000grn CIMMYT TGW hollow 1 No visible affection 0 5 leaf is severely rolled CIMMYT GThk_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DROUGHTTOL_1_5 DroughtTol_E_1to5 CIMMYT RSpkGP_Calc_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 9 very high poor (P) 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RARSb_index CIMMYT RARSb_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFLRSDS_ml WMFlrSDS_M_ml TllrGW_M_g Rosemary Shrestha CIMMYT CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafTR_M_mmolH2Om2s1 40% plant height affected, 50% coverage 45 moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) MS-S GPhos_M_mgkg GRNPHOS_mg_kg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT SnodoInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SNODO_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STEMWSC_pct CIMMYT StmWSC_M_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Fs_M_Idx CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNDCOV_pct__GS15 GrndCov_GS15_pct 88 80% plant height affected, 80% coverage CIMMYT PGRAM_0_12__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PgramSev_E_0to12 80% plant height affected, 70% coverage 87 CIMMYT ISBM_kg_ha ISBM_Calc_kgha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 85 Dough development, Soft dough (firm, thumbnail mark not held) moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible MS Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AWNS_0_9 CIMMYT Awns_E_0to9 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TSPI_M_Idx susceptible 2 FGRAM_00_99__SEV CIMMYT FgramSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SNO_spk_m SN_M_Spksm CIMMYT GlmLng_M_mm GLMLNG_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 40% plant height affected, 20% coverage 42 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LEAFGLAU_1_5 LeafGlau_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RLNDmg_E_pct RLESDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TANSPOT_1_5__ADLTRESP CIMMYT TanSpotResp_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RELTMT RELTMT_1_5 Mat_relat_1to5 30% plant height affected, 30% coverage 33 23 Tillering, Main shoot and 3 Tillers Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT VEGPERIOD_days VgP_calc_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TN_Ct_Tllrm TNO_tll_m CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PSTRI_text PstriNote_E_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ANTDATE CIMMYT ANTD Ant_date_ymd ANTD_yyyymmdd 3 low damage moderate susceptible MS FrostDmg_E_1to9 CIMMYT FROSTDMGP_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TtritInc_E_pct TTRIT _pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HRDCLS_1_3 GHrd_M_1to3 CIMMYT hard (H, <45) H CIMMYT BM_M_gPlot BM_g_plot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLNTSTND_pl_ha CIMMYT PlntStnd_Calc_Plntha INFERTNO_tll_m InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvL_M_mm ALVL_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PedGlau_E_0to9 PEDGLAU_0_9 CIMMYT MR-MS Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis intermediate 2 RELTHD_1_5 RELTHD Hd_relat_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLeafLLng_M_cm CIMMYT SawflyDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CPYGM_pct CIMMYT 2 Red 30% anther extrusion 3 27 Tillering, Main shoot and 7 Tillers CIMMYT PstriSpkSev_E_pct PSTRI_pct__SPKSEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_M_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_kg_plot CIMMYT YELBER_pct GYellBer_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HEATTTOL_1_5 HeatTol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FND DTFND_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FND_dto_day DTFND 4 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 2/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened RARSa_index RARSa_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT RootDis_N_T_S_M_V ROOTDIS_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RootDis_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Chl_M_CCI CHL_CCI CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm2 INFERTNO_tll_m2 CIMMYT PhordCI_Calc_pct PHORD_pct__CI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Lodg_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LODG_1_9 CIMMYT SBMVInc_E_0to9pct SBMV_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTH_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PstriSev_E_0to12 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PSTRI_0_12__SEV GSize_ScreenMass5_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_1_9 CIMMYT PstriInc_E_1to9 16 10% plant height affected, 60% coverage 1 shrivelled (SH) Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafR675_M_Idx CIMMYT GW100_g CIMMYT GW_M_g100grn Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LEAFTNECR _pct LeafTNecro_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 10 10 CIMMYT PgramSdlgResp_E_0to8 PGRAM_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HEADD CIMMYT Hd_date_ymd HEADD_yyyymmdd HEADDATE Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla dense 4 SEMOPROT _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SemoProt_NIRS_pct CIMMYT I immune (I), 0 % of infection 70 70 Imm Immune (Imm) - No pycnidial formation, no symptoms or occasional hypersensitive fleck. 21 20% plant height affected, 10% coverage high 7 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkDW_Calc_gm2 CIMMYT MgrisSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNCOL_1_5 GCol_E_1to5 STMRES_s_m CIMMYT StomaRes_M_sm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 AgrScr_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AGRSCR_1_5 CIMMYT M moderate Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafThk_M_um CIMMYT LEAFTHK_mm 90% plants with broken straw 9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HTERE_pct__INC HtereInc_E_pct 2 none 1 FLEAFSEN_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLeafSen_E_pct very poor (VP) 1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla InfertSpkN_Ct_SplSpk CIMMYT PGRAM_pct__CI PgramCI_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount5_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GrnIron_M_mgkg GRNIRON_mg_kg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkLng_M_cm SPKLNG_cm CIMMYT 9 very dense CIMMYT GROWTHCLS_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrwCls_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BirdDmg_E_1to5 BIRDDMG_1_5 BirdDmg_N_T_S_M_V AgrScr_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AGRSCR_0_9 very short (VS) VS 2 low 5% (1.85% occupied by uredia) 5 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RsecaSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT RSECA_00_99__SEV GApp_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNAPP_0_9 CIMMYT 5 TindiInc_E_pct CIMMYT TINDI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SpkTyp_E_1to6 CIMMYT MixTim_M_min Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MIXTIM_min 60% coverage 6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TanSpotSdlgResp_E_0to5 TANSPOT_0_5__SEEDRESP CIMMYT LAI_index LAI_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 39 30% plant height affected, 90% coverage M moderate (M) FOXYWIL _pct FoxiWilt_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass6_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT medium strong (MS) MS CIMMYT APHDMG_pct AphDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PthornDmg_E_pct PTHORN_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HailDmg_E_0to9 CIMMYT HAILDMG_0_9 dense to very dense 8 small 1 GVtr_E_1to3 CIMMYT SEDVTR_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLng_M_mm CIMMYT TCONT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TcontInc_E_pct MS moderately susceptible (MS), average pycnidial density coverage of 30-40% very lax 1 CIMMYT HtereSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StrawStn_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PgramSev_E_pct CIMMYT PGRAM_pct__SEV CIMMYT BYD_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BYDInc_E_pct R Resistant (R) - Very light pycnidial formation. Some coalescing of lesions mainly toward the leaf tip and in older leaf tissue. Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafR750R550_M_Idx CIMMYT CIMMYT PHORD_0_12__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhordSev_E_0to12 GRNStarch_pct JIC Luzie U Wingen GStarch_NIRS_pct high 4 CIMMYT NWI3_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI3_M_Idx 1 10% anther extrusion stem softened with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem 8 MS Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing CIMMYT DTTS TSpl_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTTS_days moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR immune (0), no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection I high to very high damage 8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafGlau_E_0to9 LEAFGLAU_0_9 very tall (VT) VT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PedPubDen_E_0to9 CIMMYT PEDPBD_0_9 BIRDDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BirdDmg_E_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount6_pct 73 70% plant height affected, 30% coverage large 3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVPG_index CIMMYT AlvPG_Calc_Idx 6 60% plants with broken straw Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RUET_Calc_gMJ DRidge_dto_day DTDR_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DR CIMMYT DTDR high 7 GFP_calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GFILLPERIOD_pct UtritInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla UTRIT_pct__INC CIMMYT 72 70% plant height affected, 20% coverage 30 30 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNRETEN_pct GReten_M_pct GSize_ScreenCount4_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EgramInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT EGRAM_1_9__INC 3 yellow (b>15) CookSdF_M_Idx COKSDF_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 90% plant height affected, 90% coverage 99 HR Highly Resistant (HR) - No or only occasional isolated pycnidia formed, particularly in older leaf tissue, hypersensitive flecking in younger leaf tissue. JIC StrawYld_Calc_tha Luzie U Wingen CIMMYT Lodg_E_0to9pct LODG_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Asat_M_umolCO2m2s1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PH_cm PH_M_cm 47 40% plant height affected, 70% coverage CIMMYT SpkPI_Calc_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 12 Seedling development , 2 leaves unfolded GrnSpk_Calc_GrnSpk grains/spike Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSPK_num GRNSPK CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount2_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 6 fair to good (F-G) FLRYD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrYld_M_pct FLRYLD Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafPI_M_Idx CIMMYT NWI2_M_Idx NWI2_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules R Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GFILLPERIOD_days GFP_calc_day CIMMYT dense 7 01 Germination, Water uptake (imbibition) started CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Amax_M_umolCO2m2s2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_text PgramNote_E_text early to normal (E-N) 3 heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf tip (Y) Y StmDia_M_mm STMDIA_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafR750R700_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BLB_00_99__SEV CIMMYT BLBSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla W weak (W) HRDCLS_1_5 GHrd_M_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSpkInc_E_pct FHB_pct__SPKINC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 1/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened weak-tenacious (WT) WT StritSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT STRIT_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Seedling development , 6 leaves unfolded 16 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrYellPig_M_ppm CIMMYT WMFLRYELPIG_ppm PRECO_pct__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoSev_E_pct CIMMYT AlvIe_Calc_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVIe_pct susceptible to moderately susceptible 4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TestWt_M_gl CIMMYT TESTWT_g_l 0 0% (no uredia) Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass4_pct FnivLBInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FNIVLB_pct__INC CIMMYT PrecoNote_E_text PRECO_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 6 Dough development, Hard dough (thumbnail impression held) 87 60 60 susceptible 3 APHDMG_1_5 AphDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT very resistant (VR), average pycnidial density of 0-5% VR Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmLng_M_cm STMLNG_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_M_gPlnt CIMMYT GRNYLD_g_pl REPPERIOD_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RepP_Calc_day CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkGW_M_g FNDD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FND_date_ymd FNDD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT R resistant (R), 1 to 8 % of infection FoliarDis_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FOLDIS_1_5 CIMMYT FolDis_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLeafLWid_M_mm GNO_grains_m2 GM2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GN_Calc_Grnm2 grains/m2 kernel/m2 CIMMYT GNO KNO FmLA_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrProt_NIRS_pct FLRPROT_pct 2 very low to low moderate to high 8 17 10% plant height affected, 70% coverage 1 JIC Luzie U Wingen GRN_pct GNitr_NIRS_pct CIMMYT GLMCOL_1_3 GlmCol_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GCol_M_avalue GRNCOL_a_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla no visible infection (0) 0 6 Mixed medium 5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSplInc_Ct_SplInfect CIMMYT FHB_num__SPLINC Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FoLA_M_Idx GRNHRD_pct GHrd_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 5/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 7 4 low to intermediate CIMMYT StomaCond_M_mmolm2s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMCOND_mmol_m2_s PRECO_1_4__RESP PrecoResp_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 7 moderately tolerant Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SPROUTTOL _1_9 SproutTol_E_1to9 CIMMYT ForgDM_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafLng_M_cm LEAFLNG_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSCREEN_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GScreen_M_pct Heading, Emergence of head complete 59 Poor 3 CIMMYT LEAFPUBLNG _um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafPubLng_M_um 3 moderately susceptible, medium-sized uredinia that may be associated with chlorosis (3) 95 Ripening, Seed dormant 30% plant height affected, 20% coverage 32 VL very late (VL) HI_Calc_Idx HI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT white/red W/R CIMMYT GRNPROT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GProt_Kjl_pct spikelets/spike SPLSPK_num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPLSPK SplN_Ct_SplSpk CIMMYT 0 GFPTT_Calc_Cday GFILLPERIOD_thermal_time JIC Luzie U Wingen H hard (H) Rosemary Shrestha CIMMYT GrnTllr_Calc_GrnTllr CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FmDA_M_Idx 6 CrmStr_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CRMSTR_1_5 CIMMYT 94 Ripening, Overripe, straw dead and collapsing 69 60% plant height affected, 90% coverage NeckBreak_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT NBREAK_pct susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis S Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BlkPtInc_E_pct BLKPT_pct PRECO_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoSdlgResp_E_0to8 CIMMYT PhordInc_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHORD_1_9 CIMMYT WtrLoggDmg_E_0to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla H2ODMG _0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_Calc_tha ISBM_t_ha CIMMYT NPQI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT NPQI_index FHBSpkResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHB_1_8__SPKRESP GYFac_Calc_num CIMMYT YLDFAC_num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_pct__SEV CIMMYT PstriSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHORD_pct__SEV CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhordSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLUD1_text GluD1_M_text Seedling development , 5 leaves unfolded 15 CIMMYT MAT Mat_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DAYSMT DTM DTM_days MS moderately Susceptible (MS), medium-sized lesions, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible 00 Germination, Dry seed CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Ci_M_umolCO2mol1 one or more sharp eyespot lesions on upper (as well as lower) sheaths but no symptoms on the stem 2 GGTRI_1_5_INC CIMMYT GgtriInc_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MixTyp_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MIXTYP_1_6 VEGPERIOD_pct CIMMYT VgP_calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhiPS2_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_E_1to5 CIMMYT UAGRO_1_8__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT UagroResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT AVLG_mm AlvG_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLOTGRNYLD_g CIMMYT GY_M_gPlot CIMMYT LODG_0_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Lodg_E_0to5pct Intermediate (I) - Light pycnidial format ion. Coalescing of lesions normally noticeable towards the leaf tip and elsewhere on the leaf. I Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSplInc_Calc_Idx CIMMYT FHB_index__SPLINC 35 Stem elongation or jointing, 5th node detectable 69 Flowering or anthesis, Flowering complete present 1 CIMMYT FvLAFmLA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CTD_C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CTD_Calc_C CIMMYT PLNTSTND_pl_plot PlntStnd_Ct_PlntPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNH20_pct CIMMYT GMoi_E_pct 4 80% coverage Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FoDA_M_Idx CIMMYT LMS light moderate susceptible CIMMYT LeafCID_M_delta13C LEAVESCID_delta Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HesFlyDmg_E_pct HESFDMG _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLMGLAU_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmGlau_E_0to9 CIMMYT soft (S, >55) S ColeopLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla COLEOPLNG _cm CIMMYT 2 10 Seedling development , First leaf emerged AlTol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALUTOL_1_9 CIMMYT CIMMYT TllrCAPACITY_1_5 TllrCapacity_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 28 Tillering, Main shoot and 8 Tillers CIMMYT RsecaSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StrawCol_E_1to6 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FE_Calc_Idx moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible MS Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GCID_M_delta13C CIMMYT GRAINCID_delta soft (S) S Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Boot_dateInit_ymd IBD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT IBD GAmyloPec_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_pct__GRNINC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBGInc_E_pct CIMMYT Branched 2 R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small lesions 50% coverage 5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TanSpotSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT TANSPOT_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TESTWT_kg_hl CIMMYT TestWt_M_kghl CIMMYT AWNLNG _cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AwnLng_M_cm 3 30% coverage STRIT_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StritInc_E_pct CIMMYT GW200_g CIMMYT GW_M_g200grn Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GHABIT_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrwHabit_E_1to5 CIMMYT Tillering, Main shoot and 2 Tillers 22 1 Fusiform 61 Flowering or anthesis, Start of flowering severe 5 Seedling development , 7 leaves unfolded 17 W winter 10% plant height affected, 90% coverage 19 ACDTOL _1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AcdTol_E_1to5 TilSpSpkInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TILSP_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT CiCa_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT STMTHK_um StmWallThk_M_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 6 very late (VL) CIMMYT WKill_E_1to5 WKILL_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BMPR_Calc_gm2day Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRSA_M_mm2 JIC Luzie U Wingen GsurfA_M_mm2 STRIT_0_5__RESP CIMMYT StritResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount3_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 20% anther extrusion AntDmg_E_pct ANTDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEPSP_pct__INC CIMMYT SepSPInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla T tenacious (T) MR Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis 4 40% plants with broken straw GSize_ScreenCount1_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLRYELLCLS_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrYellCls_M_1to3 CIMMYT FlrCol_M_bvalue FLRCOL_b_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHB_pct__AUDPC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHBAUDPC_Calc_pct NDVI_index NDVI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT ETR_M_?molm2s1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Seedling development , First leaf unfolded 11 GFILLRATE GFR_Calc_gday JIC Luzie U Wingen Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNDCOV_pct GrndCov_M_pct DAYSAN ANT Ant_dto_day CIMMYT DTA_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis R trace 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RcereInc_E_0to9 RCERE_0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVPL_index CIMMYT AlvPL_Calc_Idx CIMMYT ALVP_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvP_M_mm Germination, Coleoptile emerged from seed 07 4 low to intermediate damage FlrProt_Kjl_pct FLRPROT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FvDAFmDA_M_Idx 40 40% (14.8% occupied by uredia) 36 Stem elongation or jointing, 6th node detectable Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GWid_M_mm 20 20 CIMMYT FLRSDS_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrSDS_M_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MATD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT MATDATE Mat_date_ymd MATD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GCol_E_1to3 GRNCOL_1_3 0 none EGRAM_0_5__INC EgramInc_E_0to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUTYP_1_5 GluTyp_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 7 70% coverage 30% plant height affected, 10% coverage 31 GY_Calc_gm2 CIMMYT GY_gm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Yld_gm2 GRNYLD_g_m2 CIMMYT NWI1_index NWI1_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GFRTT_Calc_gCday Luzie U Wingen JIC GFILLRATE_thermal_time 6 medium to high 15 10% plant height affected, 50% coverage HsatiLSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HSATIL_00_99__SEV 71 Kernel and milk development, Kernel watery ripe (clear liquid) Seedling development , 4 leaves unfolded 14 RUE_Calc_gMJ CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNYLD_t_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_Calc_tha GY_tha CIMMYT Yld_tha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Lodg_E_pct LODG_pct 80% anther extrusion 8 90% plant height affected, 70% coverage 97 EgramInc_E_pct CIMMYT EGRAM_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla I immune, no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection (0) CIMMYT FgramResp_E_0to5 FGRAM_0_5__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FROSTDMGP_pct FrostDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLSSev_E_00to99 BLS_00_99 1% (0.37% occupied by uredia) 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHB_pct__SPKW FHBSpkWt_Calc_pct T tall (T) Nitrogen utilisation efficiency NutE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen JIC very resistance VR 0 insensitive 70% plant height affected, 80% coverage 78 CIMMYT HNecro_E_0to1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HNECRO_0_1 5 highly tolerant 2 highly susceptible to susceptible 100% (37% occupied by uredia) 100 10 10% (3.7% occupied by uredia) Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CGR_Calc_gm2day Booting, Flag leaf sheath opening 47 85 80% plant height affected, 50% coverage CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_PctChk_pct YLDCHECK_pct leaf has shape of a V 3 CIMMYT REPPERIOD_pct RepP_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RodentDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RODDMG_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT HSATIL_pct__INC HsatiLInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LEAFPUBDEN_0_9 LeafPubDen_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 23 20% plant height affected, 30% coverage LodgInc_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT Lodg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LODG_1_5 9 StrawBreak_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GGTRI_pct__INC CIMMYT GgtriInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 very resistant, small uredinia surrounded by necrosis (1) ROOTROT_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RootRot_E_0to9pct CIMMYT 70% plant height affected, 60% coverage 76 R/W red/white CIMMYT ALVW_joules Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvW_M_joules Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BM_M_gPlnt BM_g_pl hard (H, <45) H 77 Kernel and milk development, Late milk (more solids in milk) 90 90 Luzie U Wingen JIC NupE_Calc_kgkgN 5 fair (F) MR moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules R JIC Luzie U Wingen BMNUP_Calc_kgha grains/spikelet CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSPL GRNSPL_num GrnSpl_Calc_GrnSpl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AwnCol_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ERLVIG_1_5 CIMMYT ErlVig_E_1to5 Tillering, Main shoot and 9 or more Tillers 89 Late hard dough (difficult to dent) 29 FvDA_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT NWI4_index NWI4_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MH medium hard (MH) WKill_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKILL_pct CIMMYT low to medium 4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT COLDTOL_1_5 ColdTol_E_1to5 Stem elongation or jointing, 3rd node detectable 33 JIC Luzie U Wingen GPD_Calc_pct Oblong 3 GY_M_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLOTGRNYLD_kg CIMMYT 90 90% (33.3% occupied by uredia) Luzie U Wingen JIC STRNitr_NIRS_pct CIMMYT FHB_ppm__DON Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBDON_M_ppm 20% plant height affected, 90% coverage 29 9 57 Heading, ¾ of head emerged CIMMYT SEMOCOL_b_value SemoCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRWSTG_00_99 CIMMYT DECODS GrwStg_Zdks_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla low 2 6 intermadiate to dense susceptible (S), pycnidial density greater than 40% S Seedling development , 3 leaves unfolded 13 FgramSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SNAILDMG_pct CIMMYT SnailDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderately susceptible to moderately tolerant 6 TanSpotInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TANSPOT_pct GLUA3_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GluA3_M_text CIMMYT PhotopResp_E_1to9 PHOTORESPO_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HavenDmg_E_pct HAVEN_pct 50% plant height affected, 90% coverage 59 8 BM_kg_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_Calc_kgha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PrecoCI_Calc_pct PRECO_pct__CI low 3 2 medium 50% (18.5% occupied by uredia) 50 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LRollSev_E_1to5 R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules erect (E) E CIMMYT LI_M_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRECO_1_8__ADLTRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoResp_E_1to8 GNDVI_M_Idx GNDVI_index CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 intermediate 53 50% plant height affected, 30% coverage 80% plant height affected, 60% coverage 86 Luzie U Wingen GFibre_NIRS_pct JIC GRNFibre_pct RachLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 30% plant height affected, 80% coverage 38 94 90% plant height affected, 40% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKill_E_0to9 CIMMYT WKILL_0_9 5 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 3/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis S S Susceptible (S) - Moderate pycnidial formation, lesions coalescing considerably. Wsurv_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 50% plant height affected, 20% coverage 52 DRD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DRidge_date_ymd CIMMYT DRD_yyyymmdd 3 intermediate very poor (VP) 1 SNO_spk_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SN_Calc_Spksm2 2 very sparse to sparse No breakage 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RELTMT RELTMT_1_6 CIMMYT Mat_relat_1to6 95 90% plant height affected, 50% coverage 6 60% anther extrusion 2 40% coverage Luzie U Wingen STRNUP_Calc_kgha JIC No visible affection 0 DTH DAYSHD Hd_dto_day CIMMYT DTH_days HEAD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SepSpResp_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEPSP_1_5__RESP 10% plant height affected, 80% coverage 18 awnless 0 2 good (G) 3 60% coverage M medium (M) 48 40% plant height affected, 80% coverage No visible infection on plants 0 SEDINDX_ml_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SedIdx_M_mlpct PherpResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PHPRP_1_8__RESP poor to fair (P-F) 3 AnthExt_E_0to9 Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT spring S Wheat ontology TNO_tll_pl TN_Ct_TllrPlnt CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSIZE_1_3 CIMMYT 51 50% plant height affected, 10% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNZINC_mg_kg CIMMYT GZinc_M_mgkg very low 1 9 very good (VG) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla THRESHBLTY_1_9 CIMMYT Threshblty_E_1to9 resistant (R), average pycnidial density of 5-15% R 80% plant height affected, 20% coverage 82 Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones S Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BYDInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT BYD_0_9 low 3 9 severe X heterogeneous, random distribution of variable-sized uredinia on single leaf (X) 41 Booting, Flag leaf sheath extending 89 80% plant height affected, 90% coverage absent 0 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BLKPT_0_9 BlkPtInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SepSpSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT SEPSP_00_99__SEV lax to intermediate 4 sparse to intermediate 4 97 Ripening, Seed not dormant resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) R-MR Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DroughtTol_E_pct CIMMYT DROUGHTTOL_pct vitreous (V) V 0 No anther extrusion 43 40% plant height affected, 30% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHB_0_5__SPKRESP FHBSpkResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_E_1to5 RELTPH_1_5 CIMMYT 3 SLA_M_m2kg1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT LeafPSSRa_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderately resistant (MR), average pycnidial density coverage of 15-30% MR 20% coverage 2 TTM_calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Anet_M_umolCO2m2s2 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EgramInc_E_1to5 CIMMYT EGRAM_1_5__INC moderately resistant MR normal, similar to local check (N) 4 70% plant height affected, 40% coverage 74 MIXTQ_pct_min CIMMYT MixTq_M_pctmin Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 9 very dense 49 40% plant height affected, 90% coverage 6 intermediate to high damage light-yellow (b 2 30% plant height affected, 60% coverage 36 WMFlrAsh_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Ripening, Secondary dormancy lost 99 fair (F) 4 25 20% plant height affected, 50% coverage Luzie U Wingen JIC AGBMNitr_M_pct 65 Flowering or anthesis, Flowering half complete soft (S, >55) S CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PlntVig_E_1to5 PLNTVIG_1_5 CIMMYT StmSol_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMSOL_1_3 56 50% plant height affected, 60% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT PSTRI_1_8__ADLTRESP GNUP_Calc_kgha JIC Luzie U Wingen Tillering, Main shoot and 1 Tiller 21 dense 7 JIC Awns_E_0to1 Luzie U Wingen AWNS_0_1 4 low to moderate 2 early (E) susceptible, large uredinia without chlorosis (4) 4 MS moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some clorosis possible 84 80% plant height affected, 40% coverage BMNUtE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen JIC 20% coverage 1 09 Germination, Leaf just at coleoptile tip CIMMYT PRECO_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoInc_E_1to9 5 3 lax CIMMYT GCol_M_Lvalue GRNCOL_L_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 22 20% plant height affected, 20% coverage semi-hard (SH, 45-50) SH CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass2_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkDen_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SPKDEN_1_9 CIMMYT PlntStnd_Calc_Plntm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLNTSTND_pl_m2 8 80% coverage 2 very poor to poor (VP-P) Heading, First spikelet of head visible 51 40% coverage 4 P purple TTA_Calc_Cday CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 64 60% plant height affected, 40% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEPSP_0_5__RESP SepSpResp_E_0to5 CIMMYT 5 Elliptical CIMMYT FLRGluCon_M_pct GLUCON_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla late (L) 5 R Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis CIMMYT SpkSterility_Calc_pct STERIND_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 absent 2 very low Ripening, 50% of viable seed germinates 96 98 Ripening, Secondary dormancy 5 intermediate 05 Germination, Radicle emerged from seed 3 sparse 5 fair to good (F-G) MR moderately resistant (MR), 9 to 11 % of infection 60% plant height affected, 30% coverage 63 5 Amber resistant R 10% coverage 1 50% plant height affected, 70% coverage 57 Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis MR 9 very high damage strong 3 80% (29.6% occupied by uredia) 80 intermediate 5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRECO_0_12__SEV PrecoSev_E_0to12 68 60% plant height affected, 80% coverage 2 sparse 75 Kernel and milk development, Medium milk (milky liquid) red R FLRCOL_L_value CIMMYT FlrCol_M_Lvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 46 40% plant height affected, 60% coverage S susceptible (S), 21 to 50 % of infection Booting, First awns visible 49 BMNUE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen JIC EGRAM_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EgramSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT good (G) 6 34 Stem elongation or jointing, 4th node detectable CIMMYT PRECO_0_4__RESP PrecoResp_E_0to4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Clavate 4 8 fair (F) 3 60% (22.2% occupied by uredia) 60 medium 3 50 50 90% plant height affected, 30% coverage 93 TTB_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT HerbicideDmg_E_1to5 HerbDmg_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HERBDMG_1_5 intermediate to dense 6 entity 67 60% plant height affected, 70% coverage 8 high to very high Booting, Boot just visibly swollen 43 81 80% plant height affected, 10% coverage Heading, ½ of head emerged 55 VS very susceptible (VS), > 50 % of infection 8 good to very good (G-VG) slight (S) 3 3 Black 7 high damage 11 10% plant height affected, 10% coverage 5 50% plants with broken straw 19 Seedling development , 9 or more leaves unfolded 55 50% plant height affected, 50% coverage 4 high 1 white (b<12.5) 60% plant height affected, 20% coverage 62 4 5 very good (VG) 45 Booting, Boot swollen Z Heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf base (Z) solid 3 medium soft (MS) MS 61 60% plant height affected, 10% coverage CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_Calc_gm2 ISBM_g_m2 4 good (G) MR moderately resistant (MR), small lesions surrounded by necrotic areas StmWSC_Atrone_pct CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 83 Dough development, Early dough (elastic, dry and shiny) 30 Stem elongation or jointing, Pseudo stem erection 2 very lax to lax ColdTol_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla COLDTOL_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GlmWid_M_mm GLMWID_mm 8 80% plants with broken straw moderate (M) 4 very poor (VP) 0 BTol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BORONTOL_1_9 CIMMYT 60% plant height affected, 50% coverage 65 2 trace (T) 1 One or more sharp eyespot lesions on lower sheaths but no symptoms on the stem HRDCLS_1_4 GHrd_M_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 14 10% plant height affected, 40% coverage CIMMYT SIPI_M_Idx SIPI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla red to brown 2 moderately susceptible 5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FnivLBSev_E_00to99 FNIVLB_00_99__SEV CIMMYT Stem elongation or jointing, 1st node detectable 31 SR_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SR_index CIMMYT L late (L) S spreading (S) low 3 Tillering, Main shoot and 6 Tillers 26 SS semi-soft (SS, 51-55) 1 very low SS semi-spreading (SS) 3 poor (P) S susceptible (S), large lesions, no necrosis or chlorosis CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass1_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 75 70% plant height affected, 50% coverage partly vitreous (PV) PV MS moderately susceptible (MS), 12 to 20 % of infection 91 Ripening, Kernel hard (difficult to divide, 16% water) 7 91 90% plant height affected, 10% coverage 30% (11.1% occupied by uredia) 30 Purple 4 40% plant height affected, 40% coverage 44 10% plant height affected, 20% coverage 12 Ripening, Kernel hard (not dented by thumbnail) 92 3 good (G) 7 5 100% coverage 37 30% plant height affected, 70% coverage 50% plant height affected, 80% coverage 58 very good (VG) 3 SE semi-erect (SE) high 9 intermediate damage 5 I intermediate (M), pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis Germination, Imbibition complete 03 W white 70% (25.9% occupied by uredia) 70 Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis MR-MS Prostrate (P) P 60% plant height affected, 60% coverage 66 very susceptible VS S susceptible 90% coverage 9 leaf rim starts to roll 2 mid-strong 2 moderate 7 moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR not vitreous (NV) NV none 1 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTTS_Calc_Cday Good 1 20% plant height affected, 40% coverage 24 absent 0 2 poor (P) 30% plants with broken straw 3 1 0 no visible infection (0) 1 unrolled, turgid acronym Very susceptible (VS), large, abundant pycnidia, lesions coalescing extensively VS 70% plant height affected, 90% coverage 79 Tillering, Main shoot only 20 no damage 0 4 early (E) E I immune I intermediate (M), lesions of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis No symptom of sharp eyespot 0 4 rolled leaf rim covers part of leaf blade Moderate 2 Seedling development , 8 leaves unfolded 18 purple to black 3 1 none 4 tolerant awnletted (short) 3 73 Kernel and milk development, Early milk (liquid off -white) 80 80 6 moderate to high 7 70% anther extrusion very high 8 Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing MS Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible 39 5 very dense 8 dense to very dense moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) MS-S 90% plant height affected, 60% coverage 96 very good (VG) 8 short (S) S VE very early (VE) LM light moderate 8 tolerant 70% plant height affected, 10% coverage 71 20% plants with broken straw 2 white 1 excellent (E) 9 1 very early (VE) 81 Dough development, Very early dough (slides when crushed) R red 20% (7.4% occupied by uredia) 20 53 Heading, ¼ of head emerged >90% anther extrusion 9 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 4/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 6 30% plant height affected, 50% coverage 35 9 head prematurely ripened (whitehead) or plant collapsed with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem, or shoot killed as the ear emerges from the sheath with sharp eyespot lesions on the shoot moderately resistant, small to medium uredinia often surrounded by Chlorosis or necrosis, green island may be surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic border (2) 2 9 highly tolerant 20% plant height affected, 60% coverage 26 semi-hard (SH, 45-55) SH severe 5 40% anther extrusion 4 highly susceptible 1 Mixed 6 moderate 5 1 very sparse White 1 4 poor to fair (P-F) 5 6 tiller/m2 GFP pct Computation Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. GNDVI Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Booting time Plant Booting time is just prior to spike emergence, when the flag leaf sheath encloses the growing spike. Boot Booting time InfertSpkN Counting The number of infertile spikelets (i.e., those NOT containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. SrolfResp Estimation Standard method for southern blight response. Test weight or specific weight is the weight of a fixed volume of clean grains. Test weight Grain test weight TestWt Grain FgramResp Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum response. 1-9 incidence scale µm Glutenin Glu-B3 composition GluB3 Glutenin Glu-B3 composition Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b3. Flour 1-5 DMG scale Fusarium head blight grain incidence Grain Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. FHBGInc Fusarium head blight grain incidence 1. A sample of 35 grams of flour on a 14 percent moisture basis is weighed and placed in a mixograph bowl, 2. Water is added to the flour from a buret and the bowl is inserted into the mixograph, 3. The flour and water are mixed together to form a dough, 4. As the dough is mixed, the mixograph records a curve on graph paper. MIXOGRAPH determination AACC 54-40 A Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FoLA Measurement Standard method for insect damage. InsectDmg Estimation Leaf light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Leaf Amax Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light and CO2. Light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis PrecoNote Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf Leaf rust notes Leaf rust notes Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. Seedling rust field response Estimation Rapid spike growth period Grain Filling duration Canopy RSpkGP Rapid spike growth period. PrecoResp Estimation Standard method for leaf rust response. Thermal Time from emergence to Anthesis (GS65). Anthesis thermal time Anthesis thermal time Plant TTA Thermal Time from emergence to Terminal Spikelet (GS30). Terminal spikelet thermal time Terminal spikelet thermal time Plant TTTS Calculated as the grain yield divided by the total soil Nitrogen. NUE Computation Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.5 mm - 2.2 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass3 HgramInc Estimation Standard method for Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence. Standard method for neck break. NeckBreak Estimation Glaucousness Peduncle Peduncle glaucousness Glaucousness in peduncle. PedGlau Leaf R550 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R550. NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. 0-5 FHB field response scale Grain Iron content Content of iron in grain. Grain GIron Iron content Radiation Use Efficiency Radiation use efficiency The amount of biomass produced per unit of intercepted solar radiation. RUE_T Canopy NutE Nitrogen utilization efficiency as the grain dry mass in relation to the total amount of Nitrogen in above-ground plant at harvest. Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency Grain Nitrogen utilization efficiency Grain Standard method for crumb structure. CrmStr Estimation FLeafLLng Length of flag leaf lamina. Length Flag leaf lamina length Flag leaf lamina FmDL Leaf maximal fluorescence intensity Maximal fluorescence intensity Maximal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Leaf 1-3 HRDCLS scale Normalized water index 2 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). NWI2 Normalized water index 2 Canopy normalized water index 2 Canopy Nitrogen uptake Plant Above ground biomass nitrogen uptake BMNUp Uptake of Nitrogen in the above ground biomass at maturity. LRollInc Rolling incidence Leaf rolling incidence Leaf Incidence of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. HailDmg Hail damage Plant damage caused by hail. Hail damage Plant Pubescence length GlmPubLng Glume pubescence length Glume Glume pubescence length on outer side of sterile glume. 1-9 STRAWBREAK scale PhotopResp Estimation Observe the tendency of flowering according day-length 1-5 LRoll scale num Plant The plant damage caused by armyworm. ArmyWDmg Armyworm damage Armyworm damage Stripe rust notes Stripe rust notes Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Leaf PstriNote Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. PrecoResp Leaf Leaf rust plant response Leaf rust plant response CropGrwRate Computation Standard method for crop growth rate. Canopy Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. RNDVI Canopy red normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index TllrGW Measurement The weight of the grain taken per tiller. Standard method for soil borne mosaic virus incidence. SBMVInc Estimation Amylopectin content Grain GAmyloPec Grain amylopectin content Content of amylopectin in grain. HerbicideDmg Estimation Standard method for herbicide damage. Length of rachis. RachLng Rachis length Length Rachis TTTS Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until terminal spikelet(thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Standard method for anther extrusion. AnthExt Estimation 1-3 FLRYELLCLS scale Dough alveograph value W Dough strength by alveograph. W value is the area under the curve. it is a combination of dough strength (p value) and extensibility (l value). AlvW Alveograph value W Dough SpkDis Estimation Standard method for spike disease development. GWid Measurement Standard method for whole grain width. Measured as weight by percentage of all matter passing through a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots GScreen Measurement Number of spikelets per spike. Number Spikelet number SplN Spikelet FlrFN Flour falling number Falling number The falling number is defined as the time in seconds required stirring and allowing stirrer to fall a measured distance through a hot aqueous flour or meal gel undergoing liquefaction due to a-amylase activity. Flour GgtriInc Take-all incidence in the plants caused by the agent Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt). Take all incidence Take all incidence Plant Anther Anther extrusion Anther extrusion AnthExt Extrusion of anthers. ISBM Computation Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FmLA Measurement Spike type SpkTyp Shape characteristics of typical mature spikes. Type Spike Water soluble carbohydrate content Water soluble carbohydrates accumulate up to and around anthesis and are partitioned to the stem, from where they are later available as a reservoir for remobilization to the developing grains. These reserves are an important source of carbon for grain filling. Stem Stem water soluble carbohydrate StmWSC 0-4 PRECO scale Lodging incidence Plant Lodging incidence Lodg Indicates incidence of lodged plants. SBMVInc Leaf Soil borne mosaic incidence Soil borne mosaic incidence Soil borne mosaic incidence in the plants caused by the agent soilborne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv) which is vectored by Plasmodiophorid polymyxa graminis. Wall thickness Stem StmWallThk Stem wall thickness. Stem wall thickness cm 1. A 7-gram sample of ground wheat or flour is weighed and combined with 25 milliliter of distilled water in a glass falling number tube with a stirrer and shaken to form a slurry. When grinding a wheat sample to perform a falling number test, it should be at least 300 grams to assure a representative sample, 2. As the slurry is heated in a boiling water bath at 100° Centigrade and stirred constantly, the starch gelatinizes and forms a thick paste, 3. The time it takes the stirrer to drop through the paste is recorded as the falling number value. FlrFN Measurement NeckBreak Peduncle neck break Observation of spike break from the base of head. Neck break Peduncle Peduncle Length Length of peduncle. PedLng Peduncle length Leaf The plant damage caused by foliar diseases. Foliar disease development FolDis Foliar disease development GZinc Measurement Standard method for grain zinc content. PrecoCI Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf Leaf rust coefficient of infection g/plot Structural independent pigment index uses wavelengths showing the best semi-empirical estimation of the carotenoid chlorophyll a ratio (car:chla ratio), and its formulation minimizes the disrupting effects of leaf surface and mesophyll structure. SIPI Canopy structural independent pigment index Canopy Structural independent pigment index 1-3 STMSOL scale Hd DS55 relative Estimation Assessment of heading (DS55) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Harvest index is expressed in percentage and can be calculated as Harvest index (%) = (Grain yield/Biomass)*100. HI Computation Waterlogging damage Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Plant Waterlogging damage WtrLoggDmg Awn length AwnLng Awn Awn length. Length First node detectable time is when the stem starts the elongation or jointing period, first node becomes visible as it appears above the soil surface. First node detectable time First node detectable time FND Plant Number of days from sowing to booting stage (DS45). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Boot DS45 DT Computation 0-8 Rust infection type Canopy light interception Canopy LI Light interception Light energy intercepted by the canopy. Leaf stomatal frequency StomaFrq Stomatal frequency Leaf Number of stomata counted per unit area on the leaf surface. Severity of rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Rust severity Estimation index Standard method for whole meal flour yellow pigment. WMFlrYellPig Measurement Loaf volume Baking quality of flour describing bread loaf volume. Bread LofVol Bread loaf volume StmWSC Measurement Sampling for water soluble carbohydrate is often combined with in-season biomass sampling and partitioning. Ensure to plan sampling approach carefully to allow for maximal data collection/economy of sampling (e.g., data on partitioning weights can be collected on the same 20 culm sample). The leaf lamina and/or leaf sheath may also be analyzed for WSC separately, or not removed from the stem for ?whole stem? analysis. Lab analysis is performed by NIR or wet chemical method. Fusarium leaf blotch incidence Fusarium leaf blotch incidence Plant FnivLBInc Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). Flour Gluten content Content of wet gluten in flour. FLRGluCon Flour gluten content Stripe rust plant response Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Leaf Stripe rust plant response PstriResp Minimal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Leaf Leaf minimal fluorescence intensity FoLA Minimal fluorescence intensity Adult plants rust field response Estimation Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to leaf/stem/stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the following scale: 0-No visible infection. R-Resistant, necrotic areas with or without small pustules. MR-Moderately Resistant, small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas. M-Intermediate, pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis. MS-Moderately Susceptible, medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible. S-Susceptible, large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis. Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Fs Measurement Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. SpkGW Measurement Spike photosynthesis contribution SpkPho Spike Photosynthesis Photosynthetic contribution of the spike (ear) to grain yield. Spike NWI1 Canopy Canopy normalized water index 1 Normalized water index 1 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Normalized water index 1 Standard method for grain phosphorus content. GPhos Measurement Drought tolerance Plant Plant tolerance to drought conditions. DroughtTol Drought tolerance Leaf Septoria blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Septoria blotch severity Septoria blotch severity SepSpSev Area FLeafA Flag leaf Area of the flag leaf lamina. Flag leaf area Standard method for spectral reflectance. Canopy spectral reflectance Measurement Plant It is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies and defined as the leaf area per unit ground surface area. LAI Leaf area index Leaf area index FND DS31 date Estimation Record date of first node detectable (DS31). It is easier to determine in the field than DS30. It is estimated in-field as the day at which the first node can be detected at approximately 1 cm above the tillering node. The observation is performed in the main tiller. Standard method for russian wheat aphid damage. DnoxiDmg Estimation StrawCol Estimation Standard method for straw color. Record date of heading (DS55) when 50% of the spike is emerged (i.e., middle of the spike at the flag leaf ligule) on 50% of all stems. Hd DS55 date Estimation Standard method for stomatal resistance. StomaRes Measurement g/m2 Protein content Total protein content (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in refined flour. FlrProt Flour protein content Flour Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.0 mm - 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass5 GlmGlau Glume glaucousness Glaucousness Glaucousness in glume. Glume Sharp eyespot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia cerealis. Sharp eyespot incidence RcereInc Sharp eyespot incidence Plant Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a3. Flour GluA3 Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Score the damage caused by hail. HailDmg Estimation Grain GThk Thickness Thickness of whole grain. Grain thickness Heat tolerance Heat tolerance HeatTol Plant Plant tolerance to heat conditions. Alveograph value G AlvG G stands for the square root of the volume of air in the bubble that was possible before the bubble burst. shows how flexible the dough was during the test. Dough alveograph value G Dough Number of infertile spikelet per spike. Number InfertSpkN Infertile spike number Spike Record date of when 50% of seedlings have emerged (DS10). Emer DS10 date Estimation PgramSdlgResp Stem rust seedling response Stem rust seedling response Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Seedling LeafWid Measurement Standard method for leaf width. Root lesion nematode damage Root lesion nematode damage Root RLNDmg The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. Stripe rust severity PstriSev Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Leaf Stripe rust severity Capacity of a seedling or plant to grow vegetatively in early stages of development. Plant early vigour ErlVig Plant Early vigour kg/kg N Grain weight per tiller GWTTILL Grain weight Grain weight per tiller. Tiller Dough Dough mixograph type MixTyp Mixograph type Mixograph type (mixograph curve) is used for determining the strength of dough. Gluten type whether weak-tenacious/tenacious/weak/medium strong/strong. Flour GluTyp Flour gluten type Gluten type 1-5 GRNCOL scale Double digit (00-99) GrwCls Estimation Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat spike/m Number Infertile tiller number Number of infertile tillers per unit area, sample or plant. Infertile tiller InfertTN Standard method for peduncle length. PedLng Measurement PlntStnd Stand Plant Plant population or plant density. Plant stand Leaf Tip necrosis Leaf tip necrosis incidence LeafTNecro A physiological phenomenon caused by hot, dry and windy weather. the whole tip of the flag leaf tends to be necrotic and will often fold over. leaf tip necrosis progresses from the margins of the flag leaf tip and lower leaves as well show some signs of it. leaf tip necrosis is observed to some extent in all wheat varieties containing the leaf rust gene resistance gene lr34. The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ?chlorophyll concentration index? (CCI, ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on the flag leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles. Chl Measurement 1-5 Septoria response scale SepSpResp Septoria blotch plant response Septoria blotch plant response Septoria blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Leaf Nitrogen harvest index Plant NHI The fraction of Nitrogen recovered in the harvested grain as a function of the total Nitrogen taken up. Nitrogen harvest index b value GlmPubDen Pubescence density Glume hairiness density on outer side of sterile glume. Glume Glume pubescence density An tillering capacity. Plant TllrCapacity Tillering capacity Tillering capacity The method was improved by using two digits, representing the vertical disease progress and an estimate of severity. The first digit gives the relative height of the disease using the original 0-9 Saari-Prescott scale as a measure. The second digit shows the disease severity as a percentage but in terms of 0-9. Because it is difficult to evaluate diseases on dead leaves, disease notes should be taken when at least four leaves are still alive and green (soft to mid-dough growth stage). Then visually evaluate the average percentage severity on only those leaves of the uppermost four that are infected. In practice, the percent severity is estimated on an overall score. The following format is used for scoring severity: 10% coverage = 1, 20% coverage = 2, 30% coverage = 3, 40% coverage = 4, 50% coverage = 5, 60% coverage = 6, 70% coverage = 7, 80% coverage = 8, 90% coverage = 9. The score of 10 is not used. Double digit Estimation GFPTT Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Plant Plant tolerance to high levels of soil boron. Boron tolerance BTol Boron tolerance Grain GW Grain weight Weight Grain weight usually expressed as weight of single, one hundred, two hundred or thousand grains. Carbon isotope discrimination Leaves carbon isotope discrimination can be measured in the leaves during early canopy development in well irrigated trials, in which case genotypic effects will be related mainly to transpiration efficiency. Leaf Leaf carbon isotope discrimination LeafCID % Leaf Transfer of electrons during photosynthesis in light saturated leaf. ETR Leaf electron transport rate Electron transport rate Score the damage caused by frost per plot. FrostDmg Estimation 1-3 SIZE scale AphDmg Estimation Standard method for aphid damage. GApp Estimation Standard method for grain appearance. 0-5 Septoria Response scale DR date Estimation Record date of double ridge stage (DS14-15 approx.). Double ridge signifies that the plant?s main growing point will produce no more primordial leaves, and instead will produce primordial spikelets of the young spike. The dissection and observation of the main tiller apex on an optic magnifier is required. Grain fill rate thermal time Grain fill rate thermal time GFRTT Plant Grain weight increase per degree day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). The 1bl/1rs translocation in wheat resulted from replacing the short arm of the chromosome 1b of wheat by the short arm of the chromosome 1r of rye (Secale cereale l.). Translocation 1BL/1RS T1BL1RS Translocation 1BL/1RS Absence/Presence GFR Computation Calculated daily grain weight increase between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration. Coleoptile Coleoptile length Length Length of coleoptile (a protective sheath that surrounds the shoot tip and the embryonic leaves of the young shoot of grasses). ColeopLng Physiological maturity thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Physiological Maturity (GS87). TTM Physiological maturity thermal time Plant Powdery mildew severity Powdery mildew severity EgramSev Powdery mildew severity in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Leaf Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B. Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B infertile tiller/m Herbicide damage Plant HerbicideDmg Plant damage caused by herbicide. Herbicide damage Plant Heading time extends from the time of emergence of the tip of the spike from the flag leaf sheath to when the spike has completely emerged but has not yet started to flower. Heading time Hd Heading time 0-5 TANSPOT field response scale GScreen Proportion of small grain passing through a sieve. Screenings proportion Grain screenings Grain BlkPtInc Estimation Black point incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of grain with black point symptoms. Estimate of the area lodged in the sampled plot. Lodg Estimation delta 13C 1-6 COLOR scale Thermal Time from emergence to Initiation of Booting (GS41). Initiation of Booting thermal time TTIB Plant Booting initiation thermal time Growth/developmental stages based on Zadoks decimal code. Growth stage Plant Growth stage GrwStg 0-5 incidence scale Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. ErlVig Estimation PnegleDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. StrawStn Estimation Standard method for straw strength. Flour Glutenin Glu-A1 composition High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a1. GluA1 Glutenin Glu-A1 composition 0-9 AWNS scale Number of days required from sowing to physiological maturity (approx. DS87). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Mat DS87 DT Computation NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement Grain plumpness The degree of endosperm filling. Plumpness Grain GPlump Rust Coefficient of infection Computation Coefficient of infection (CI) calculated by multiplying the severity times a constant for host response: where immune = 0.0, R=0.2, MR =0.4, MS =0.8, and S=1.0. BM Computation Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. CTD Computation Standard method for canopy temperature depression. Plant Mat Maturity time Maturity time starts at hard dough stage (ds87) often called physiological maturity. Maturity time Grain size. Grain Grain size GSize Size 0-9 density scale Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground biomass at harvest. BMNUp Computation GluTyp Estimation Gluten type is determined based on gluten properties data (flour protein content, Alveograph W, Alveograph P/L) following Peña 2011: Wheat End-use Quality types. GNDVI Canopy Canopy green normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Normalized difference vegetation index STRNUp Computation Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the straw at harvest. Grain number per spikelet Number of grains per spikelet. GrnSpl Grain number Spikelet FHBSpkResp Estimation Standard method for FHB spike response. FolDis Estimation Standard method for foliar disease development. degree C Septoria tritici blotch incidence Plant StritInc Septoria tritici blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Septoria tritici blotch incidence g/1000 grain HesFlyDmg Estimation Standard method for hessian fly damage. Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection Barley leaf rust incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. PhordCI Leaf Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection AlvIe It is the extensibility index of the dough. (p200/p)*100, p200: pressure (p) at 4 cm (l= 40mm) of the curve. Dough Dough alveograph extensibility index Alveograph extensibility index Thermal Time from emergence to Booting (GS45). Booting thermal time Plant TTB Booting thermal time Semolina Semolina color SemoCol Color The semolina color. Stripe rust incidence Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriInc Leaf Stripe rust incidence Hessian fly damage Plant Hessian fly damage HesFlyDmg The plant damage caused by hessian fly, Maytiola destructor. Standard method for leaf length. LeafLng Measurement SDS-PAGE electrophoresis 1. Extract storage proteins (glutenins/gliadins) from wheat grain, 2. Separate glutenins from gliadins, 3. Run proteins extracts in polyacrylamide gels, 4. Stain the gel and de-stain, 5. Identify the allele for each locus. Straw StrawYld Amount (weight) of straw. Yield Straw yield ?mol/m2/s Standard method for glume width. GlmWid Measurement grain/m2 Standard method for sterility index computation. SpkSterility Computation Sawfly damage Plant The plant damage caused by sawfly, Cephus cinctus. Sawfly damage SawflyDmg g/plant Whole meal flour Color Whole meal flour color WMFlrCol The whole meal flour color. AwnLng Measurement Standard method for awn length. GY Yield Grain yield Amount (weight) of grains that was harvested. Grain Spike awnedness Awnedness Observation of awn type whether awnless/awnletted (short awns)/awned (conspicious awns). Awns Spike Spike Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spike weight FHBSpkWt Fusarium head blight spike weight SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis (1BL1RS) Detect in the SDS-PAGE gel the presence of some protein bands from rye chromosome translocation. The wheat cyst nematode damage caused by cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae. Root Cyst nematode damage HavenDmg Cyst nematode damage Phase period where the spike growth the most regarding the whole crop cycle and can be calculated as (anthesis date-initiation of booting date)/days to maturity *100. RSpkGP Computation SuPDmg Suni pest damage Plant Suni pest damage The plant damage caused by suni pest (Eurygaster spp., sunn pest, suni bug). Rhizoctonia root rot incidence RsolaInc Rhizoctonia root rot incidence Rhizoctonia root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia solani. Plant GIron Measurement Standard method for grain iron content. Straw StrawStn Strength Straw strength Strength of straw. Stem length Length StmLng Stem Length of stem. Yellowness Flour yellowness. Flour yellowness Flour FlrYellCls Use formulae to calculate grain yield in g/m2 GY Computation True Stem Coefficient = True stem DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of true stem is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. TSPI Computation FlrCol Flour Flour color Color Flour color. Spike threshability Threshability (ease to thresh) is a score where several spike-related traits such as rachis fragility (brittle or non-brittle rachis) and glume tenacity (hulled or free-threshing). Threshability Threshblty Spike Standard method for Septoria species response. SepSpResp Estimation FoDA Measurement Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. Grain SproutTol Sprouting tolerance Tolerance of grain to sprout when in the spike. Sprouting tolerance RNDVI Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Grain lysine content Grain Lysine content of the kernel/grain. Lysine content GLys Plant Russian wheat aphid damage The plant damage caused by Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxis. Russian wheat aphid damage DnoxiDmg Spike Dry weight of spike(s). SpkDW Spike dry weight Spike dry weight All above-ground biomass at any developmental stage and/or at regular intervals from the emergence to physiological maturity. In-season aboveground biomass Plant ISBM Aboveground biomass In-season Whole meal flour WMFlrSDS SDS-sedimentation volume Testing of whole-meal flour quality by SDS-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. Whole meal flour SDS sedimentation Standard method for forage dry matter. ForgDM Estimation Glutenin Glu-D1 composition Glutenin Glu-D1 composition GluD1 High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d1. Flour GPlump Estimation Standard method for grain plumpness. 15).]]> FlrYellCls Measurement Standard method for sawfly damage. SawflyDmg Estimation Aluminum tolerance AlTol Plant tolerance to aluminum. Plant Aluminum tolerance Standard method for sedimentation index. SedIdx Measurement Ratio of tenacity (p, maximum pressure required for the deformation of the sample) and extensibility (l, length of the curve) of dough. Alveograph P/L Dough alveograph P/L AlvPL Dough SN Measurement It can be easily and non-destructively measured during grain-filling (i.e., before physiological maturity) by counting in a given area or length of row. All above-ground biomass at maturity. BM Aboveground biomass at maturity Plant Aboveground biomass at maturity Leaf Sheath Coefficient = Leaf Sheath DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf sheath is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. LeafSPI Computation Tiller number Tiller number Tiller Number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per unit area, sample or plant. TN 0-9 AnthExt TanSpotInc Estimation Standard method for tan spot incidence in adult plants. Chlorophyll content Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll a LeafPSSRa Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-a. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Leaf Plant The disease severity in the plants caused by the agent Helminthosporium species. Helminthosporium species severity HelSpSev Helminthosporium species severity StmDia Measurement Standard method for stem diameter. SrolfResp Southern blight plant response Southern blight response in the plants caused by the agent Corticum rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii). Plant Southern blight plant response SpkDW Computation Standard spike dry weight method. Proceed following the protocol for sampling of grains or leaves for CID in Chapter 6 in Pask et al., 2012. Mass spectrometers generate differential values of stable carbon isotope composition (?13C), expressed negative values in parts per thousand (?) (Farquhar et al., 1989): ?13C (?) = [(Rsample/Rstandard)?1] × 1000. Where: the ratio of heavy to light isotope (R = 13C/12C) for the sample is in comparison to Peedee Belemnite (PDB) carbonate (limestone) standard. Following Farquhar et al. (1989) ? rather than using carbon isotope composition values (?13C), positive values for CID (?13C) can be calculated for easier statistical analysis as: ?13C = [(?a-?p)]/[1 + (?p/1000)] CID determination FvDAFmLA measurement Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a dark adapted leaf. UagroResp Flag smut plant response Flag smut plant response Flag smut disease response in the plants caused by the agent Urocystic agropyri causing flag smut disease. Plant Eye spot response in the plants caused by the fungal species Tapesia yallundae (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoide w-type) and Tapesia acuformis (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides r-type). Symptoms: the eye shape elliptical lesions forms on lower base of stem and lower leaf sheath. The eyespots are straw yellow in color from the middle and are surrounded by the greenish brown to dark brown rings. Plant Eyespot plant response PherpResp Eyespot plant response FE Computation Spike fertility index. Dry weight of 20 randomly selected spikes at anthesis. Fruiting Efficiency= number of grains at maturity / spike dry matter at anthesis. CCI GNUp Computation Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the grain at harvest. Width Leaf width Leaf LeafWid Width of leaf. 1-3 STDEST scale Leaf Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Ci Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration. Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration PH Measurement Measure the length of individual culms from soil surface to the tip of the spike (do not include awn) and record to the nearest centimeter. (Average of 4-10 plants/culms per plot). Bacterial leaf streak severity Bacterial leaf streak severity in the plants caused by the agent Xanthomonas translucens. The disease, called black chaff when on the glumes. Leaf BLSSev Bacterial leaf streak severity Standard method for peduncle glaucousness. PedGlau Estimation Plant GFP Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Grain filling period Grain filling period Standard method for whole grain length. GLng Measurement It is measured during rapid spike growth phase. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Then, CRG is the production of biomass per day between initiation of booting and seven days after anthesis. Calculated as (Biomass 7DAA/m2 - Biomass InB/m2)/Days from InB to 7DAA. CGR Computation grain/spikelet PRI Photochemical reflectance index is correlated with the de-epoxidation stage of the xanthophylls cycle, with zeaxanthin, and with radiation-use efficiency (filella et al., 1996). higher pri values indicate greater efficiency. Canopy photochemical reflectance index Photochemical reflectance index Canopy Double ridge time Plant DRidge Double ridge time is just when apex changes from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. Double ridge time SpkPI Computation Calculated from shoots sampled seven days after anthesis and SPI is expressed as a ratio and can be calculated as SPI= (dry weight of spikes at anthesis+7/dry weight of the whole plants (shoots) at anthesis+7). kg/ha Extent to which long days hasten flowering. Plant photoperiod response Plant PhotopResp Photoperiod response t/ha BMNUE Computation Calculated as the above ground biomass divided by the total soil Nitrogen. Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.2 mm - 2.0 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass4 Yield factor Grain yield factor Grain GYFac Yield factor. ForgDM Forage dry matter. Plant Forage dry matter Forage dry matter RUET Computation Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. infertile tiller/m2 Stem rust severity Plant Stem rust severity PgramSev Stem rust (black rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Stem Number of nodes in the main stem. Node number Node number NodeN Standard method for stem color. StmCol Estimation Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FmDA Measurement HsatiLSev Spot blotch severity Spot blotch severity Leaf Spot blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (Helminthosporium sativum). Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.2 ? 2.0 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count4 Stripe rust spike severity Spike PstriSpkSev Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust spike severity Mat DS87 relative Estimation Assessment of physiological maturity (approx. DS87) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Standard method for straw yield. StrawYld Estimation WI Canopy Canopy water index Water index use reflectance at 970 nm as a wavelength sensitive to water content, while reflectance at 900 nm is taken as a reference which is similarly affected by canopy and leaf structures but with null absorption by water. Water index Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II Leaf Quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII. PhiPS2 Quantum yield of photosystem II Leaf Lamina Coefficient = Lamina DM measured at7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf lamina is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. LeafPI Computation Threshblty Estimation Observe threshability by hand threshing of one or two spikes and rate it according how easily grains are separated from the rachis and glumes using 1 (hard to thresh) to 9 (easy to thresh) scale. Fusarium head blight AUDPC Fusarium head blight AUDPC FHBAUDPC Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Spike Stem True stem partitioning index True stem partitioning index. True stem partitioning index TSPI Standard method for grain hardness class. GHrd Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/700. Leaf R750/R700 Measurement Frost damage Frost damage FrostDmg Plant Plant damage caused by frost. GCol Grain color. Color Grain Grain color Hardness Grain hardness Grain Grain hardness is used as a grading factor to determine the type of wheat. It is a key determinant for classification of wheat and end product quality. GHrd GRATIL Number of grains per tiller. Grain number per tiller Tiller Grain number grains/tiller Standard method for whole meal flour falling number. WMFlrFN Measurement GPD Grain protein deviation Deviation from the grain yield -grain protein linear regression. Plant Grain Protein Deviation 1-5 RELTPH scale Relative spike weight is calculated by dividing spike weight (at maturity) from infected by the non-infected. FHBSpkWt Computation ppm kg/plot Flag leaf lamina width Width of flag leaf lamina. Width Flag leaf lamina FLeafLWid Rolling severity LRollSev Leaf Leaf rolling severity Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. FHBSplInc Computation Calculated as the index (ratio) of infected spikelets over total number of spikelets by Calonectria nivalis (Fusarium nivale, F. graminearum) causing scab disease in spike. Grain GNUp Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain Nitrogen uptake Nitrogen uptake GYPR Yield production rate Grain Grain yield production rate. Grain yield production rate Plant GrwHabit Growth habit The growth habit of the plant whether erect/semi-erect/semi-spreading/spreading/prostrate. Plant growth habit Spectral reflectance The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R550 nm wavelength. LeafR550 Leaf spectral reflectance 550 nm Leaf Biomass production CGR It is the rate of dry matter production per unit area. Plant Crop growth rate Leaf stomatal resistance StomaRes Leaf Resistance to diffusion of water vapor through a plant stomata. Stomatal resistance day Score the damage caused by waterlogging WtrLoggDmg Estimation LeafPSSRa Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. g/MJ FHBSplInc Counting Standard method for FHB infected spikelets counting. NupE Computation Calculated as above ground biomass Nitrogen content divided by soil Nitrogen Glaucousness in leaf. Leaf Glaucousness LeafGlau Leaf glaucousness Net photosynthesis rate Leaf Leaf net photosynthesis rate Carbon fixation by photosynthesis. Anet 0-9 scoring scale The weight of the grain harvested is registered on a scale, decide which method suit better for your objectives. In breeding trials, a sample area (rather than the whole plot) is generally used for estimating yield. Discard borders when combine harvest for a better estimation of yield. GY Measurement Spot blotch incidence HsatiLInc Leaf Spot blotch incidence Spot blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (helminthosporium sativum). Nitrogen uptake STRNUp Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole above ground straw. Straw Straw Nitrogen uptake Grain weight per spike Spike Grain weight SpkGW Grain weight per spike. GPD Computation Calculated as the deviation from the yield-protein linear regression. Standard method for rachis length. RachLng Measurement Leaf rust incidence Leaf Leaf rust incidence Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. PrecoInc Fibre content Content of fibre (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Gfibre Grain fibre content Grain Leaf quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation PhiCO2 Quantum yield of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation. Quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Leaf Color of straw. Straw color Straw Color StrawCol EgramInc Estimation Standard method for powdery mildew incidence. 1-9 TOL scale Number of days from sowing to initiation of booting (DS39-DS41). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Boot DS39 DT Computation 1-4 HRDCLS scale Calculated as time between emergence (DS10) and first node detectable (DS31) as percentage of crop cycle duration. VgP Computation FvLA Variable fluorescence measured in the leaf. Leaf variable fluorescence Leaf Variable fluorescence cm2 Thermal Time from emergence to Heading (GS55). Heading thermal time Plant TTH Heading thermal time SuPDmg Estimation Standard method for suni pest damage. Measurement of flour/whole meal/grain color with the Minolta chromameter, L value represents whiteness, a* value (reddishness) represents red and green colors and b* value (yellowness) represents yellow and blue colors. Using the Minolta Chroma Meter Test: 1. A sample of flour/whole meal/grain is placed on the granular materials attachment and compacted, 2. The Minolta Chroma Meter is inserted into the granular materials attachment, 3. Measurements are taken and recorded, 4.Color results are reported in terms of 3-dimensional color values based on the following rating scale: L* value whiteness: 100 white, 0 black, a* value positive +60 red color, negative values -60 green color, b* value positive +60 yellow color, negative values -60 blue color. Minolta Chroma Meter Test Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat. Growth class Growth class GrwCls Plant BMNUtE Biomass Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency as the biomass in relation to the total amount of N in above-ground plant at harvest. Biomass Nitrogen utilization efficiency Plant Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency mmol/m2/s Rodent damage Rodent damage RodentDmg The plant damage caused by rodent. Plant Vigour Plant vigour Capacity of the plant to grow. PlntVig Plant SemoYellPig Semolina yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Yellow pigment content Semolina Semolina yellow pigment content GN Computation Grain number (GNO) as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. GNO determines the sink size of the crop and under many conditions it is strongly correlated with yield. Grains/m2 (GNO) = yield (g/m2) / TGW (g) × 1000. FoxiWilt Fusarium wilt incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium oxysporum. Plant Fusarium wilt incidence Fusarium wilt incidence Indication of the amount of sprout damage that has occurred within a wheat sample. falling number value of 350 seconds or longer indicates a low enzyme activity and very sound wheat quality. as the amount of enzyme activity increases, the falling number decreases. Values below 200 seconds indicate high levels of enzyme activity. WMFlrFN Falling number Whole meal flour falling number Whole meal flour Spike Loose smut incidence in the plants caused by ustilago tritici. UtritInc Loose smut incidence Loose smut incidence BYDInc Estimation Standard method for barley yellow dwarf incidence. ml Density or compactness of a wheat spike. Density Spike density SpkDen Spike Flag leaf senescence. FLeafSen Senescence Flag leaf senescence Flag leaf Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. ISBM Measurement degree C day SDS sedimentation volume Flour SDS sedimentation FlrSDS Testing of refined flour quality by sds-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. Flour StritInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch incidence. Structure Bread crumb structure CrmStr The cellular structure of wheat bread crumb. Bread Plant SGNDmg The wheat seed-gall nematode damage caused by Anguina tritici. Seed gall nematode damage Seed gall nematode damage Notes taken in the field. Note Estimation Grain starch content Grain Gstarch Content of starch (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Starch content Standard method for scoring tan spot response in seedlings. TanSpotSdlgResp Estimation Spike shattering Shattering Observation of grains dehiscence from spike at maturity. Shattering Spike 1-5 Phenological relative scale FgramResp Fusarium graminearum plant response Spike Fusarium graminearum response in the plants. Fusarium graminearum plant response Plant Cold tolerance Cold tolerance ColdTol Plant tolerance to lower temperatures than the optimum. Septoria nodorum blotch incidence SnodoInc Plant Septoria nodorum blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Stagonospora nodorum (syn. Septoria glume blotch) (Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude (syn. Stagonospora nodorum). Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Rarsc is an estimation of carotenoid content. Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Canopy RARSc Spike partitioning index. Partitioning index Spike partitioning index Spike SpkPI Content of deoxynivalenol or don (vomitoxin) that is often associated with fhb (fusarium spp.) infected grains. FHBDON Fusarium head blight DON content Fusarium head blight DON content Grain LAI can be determined directly by taking a sample of canopy from a plant canopy, measuring the leaf area per sample plot with an area meter or image scanner and dividing it by the plot land surface area. Indirect methods use ceptometer to measure canopy geometry or light extinction and relate it to LAI. (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2). LAI Computation Leaf The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R675 nm wavelength. Spectral reflectance Leaf spectral reflectance 675 nm LeafR675 LeafTR Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Ant damage Ant damage AntDmg The plant damage caused by ants. Plant Calculated as biomass per unit of Nitrogen taken up. BMNUte Computation Number of days from sowing to terminal spikelet (DS25-30 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. TSpl DT Computation SnodoInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria nodorum blotch incidence BM Measurement Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. Septoria blotch incidence Septoria blotch incidence SepSPInc Leaf Septoria blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Nitrogen content of the above ground biomass. BMNitr Nitrogen content Above ground biomass nitrogen content Plant Wheat blast severity Spike Wheat blast severity MgrisSev Wheat blast severity in the spikes caused by the agent Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: It can infect all above-ground parts of the wheat plant, but head blast, resembling Fusarium head blight in appearance, is the most common symptom in the field. Infected spikes become bleached and produce small shriveled seed or none at all. Nitrogen Use Efficiency The above ground biomass production per total Nitrogen available to a plant. BMNUE Above ground biomass nitrogen efficiency Plant spikelet GFP days Computation Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. TlaevInc Tilletia laevis bunt incidence Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia laevis (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). Tilletia laevis bunt incidence Spike Worm damage Worm damage Plant WormDmg The plant damage caused by worms. WKill Estimation Observe winterkill of plants per plot and rate it. Standard method for flag smut field response. UagroResp Estimation GCol Estimation Standard method for grain color. SemoYellPig Measurement Standard method for semolina yellow pigment. Grain fill rate Grain weight increase per day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Grain fill rate Plant GFR Dwarf bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia controversa. TcontInc Dwarf bunt incidence Spike Dwarf bunt incidence Standard method for Stripe rust incidence. PstriInc Estimation Grain number per spike GrnSpk Grain number Number of grains per spike. Spike FvLAFmLA measurement Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a light adapted leaf. mm Standard method for leaf rolling incidence. LRollInc Estimation Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence Fusarium head blight (scab) spikelets incidence caused by the agent fusarium spp. FHBSplInc Spikelet Standard method for stomatal size. StomaSiz Measurement StritSev Septoria tritici blotch severity Plant Septoria tritici blotch severity Septoria tritici blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Main shoots are assessed for sharp eyespot disease. RcereInc Estimation 0-9 RCERE scale Leaf PhordInc Barley leaf rust incidence Barley leaf rust incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Barley leaf rust incidence TllrCapacity Estimation Standard method for tillering capacity. PH Estimation Score a relative plant height to local check using 1-5 scale where 3 is used for the local check (1 = short, 5 = tall). Assessment of plant height compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. 1-9 scoring scale Leaf TanSpotResp Tan spot plant response Tan spot plant response Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. ETR Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. N-uptake efficiency as the total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground plant at harvest in relation to the available Nitrogen in soil. Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency BMNUpE Plant Nitrogen uptake efficiency Standard method for ground cover at 5 leaves stage. GrndCov Measurement (GS15) Yellow berry incidence GYellBer Grain Grain yellow berry incidence Refers to grains showing chalky or starchy endosperm areas. Winter kill damage Plant WKill Winter kill damage Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. FLeafA Measurement Standard method for flag leaf area. 1-5 density scale Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTB Computation 1-5 TANSPOT field response scale Leaf steady-state fluorescence Fs Leaf Steady-state fluorescence The fluorescence emitting during steady state. Yield Proportion of flour recovered during milling. Flour yield FlrYld Flour g/degree C day Bird damage The plant damage caused by birds. Plant BirdDmg Bird damage Plant Agronomic score Phenotypic acceptability Rating of overall agronomic attributes and health of plants. AgrScr mm2 BLBSev Leaf Wheat bacterial leaf blight severity in the plants caused by the agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. symptoms: small (less than 0.04 inches) water-soaked lesions expand and eventually coalesce. initial lesions become necrotic and turn from gray-green to tan-white. Entire leaves may become necrotic, but heads and glumes are typically symptomless. Bacterial leaf blight severity Bacterial leaf blight severity Canopy normalized pheophytinization index Normalized pheophytinization index Normalized pheophytinization index can be used to detect chlorophyll degradation. Canopy NPQI Record date of initiation of booting stage when 50% of the culms expected to produce spikes are between DS39 (Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible) and DS41 (Flag leaf sheath extending). Boot DS39 date Estimation Standard method for glume glaucousness. GlmGlau Estimation FND DS31 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to first node detectable. However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Root disease development Root Root disease development RootDis The plant damage caused by root diseases. Establish Plant StdEst Measurement of plant emergence and vigor in the field. Stand establishment Standard method for wheat bacterial leaf blight severity. BLBSev Estimation Record date of physiological maturity (approx. DS87). It is estimated as when the grain reaches the maximum dry weight and the grain becomes viable. It is most easily determined in-field when 50% of the peduncles are ripe (i.e., yellow). Mat DS87 date Estimation node Awns Estimation Standard method for awnedness. Grain GCID Grain carbon isotope discrimination at maturity from drought trials provides genotypic effects most likely to be related to transpiration rate or an integrative measurement of stomatal conductance. Grain carbon isotope discrimination Carbon isotope discrimination Fusarium head blight spike incidence FHBSpkInc Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in spikes caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spike incidence Spike Nitrogen content of the above ground straw biomass. Straw Nitrogen content Straw STRNitr Nitrogen content LI Computation Measurement of the light intercepted by the canopy using a ceptometer as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. 1-5 GHABIT scale RARSb Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Rarsb is an estimation of chlorophyll b content. Canopy HeatTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. BYDInc Plant Barley yellow dwarf incidence Wheat yellow dwarf incidence in the plants caused by the agent wheat yellow dwarf virus. Barley yellow dwarf incidence Leaf rust severity Leaf rust severity PrecoSev Leaf rust (brown rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf Cereal cyst nematodes are more readily detected on seedlings than on adult plants. The roots of infested plants develop frequent branches and swellings (cysts). HavenDmg Estimation Grain appearance Appearance Appearance of a single grain. GApp Grain Observe the growth stage or development stage (DS) of wheat plants using the Zadoks scale decimal code, based on 10 major stages, with each stage divided into sub-stages. GrwStg Zadoks Estimation Standard method for Fusarium wilt incidence. FoxiWilt Estimation Record booting stage (DS45) when 50% of culms present boot swollen. Boot DS45 date Estimation Leaf Leaf transpiration rate Leaf transpiration rate. LeafTR Leaf transpiration rate Standard method for rodent damage. RodentDmg Estimation plant/plot GrndCov Measurement High throughput approaches to measuring ground cover are: visual assessment or digital analysis of photographs GrndCov Crop ground cover, or the percentage of soil surface covered by plant foliage. Crop ground cover Ground cover Plant Grain Number of grains expressed as per unit area or sample. Number Grain number GN Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a low pH (acid) soil field and rate the tolerance. AcdTol Estimation Barley stripe mosaic incidence Barley stripe mosaic incidence in the plants caused by barley stripe mosaic virus. BSMV Plant Barley stripe mosaic incidence NIRS Starch Measurement NIR calibrated Seedling Stripe rust seedling response Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the seedlings caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust seedling response PstriSdlgResp g Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a soil presenting aluminum toxicity and rate the tolerance. AlTol Estimation RsecaSev Estimation Standard method for barley scald blight severity. Image Analysis Screen Mass1 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains greater than 2.8 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Yellow pigment content Whole meal flour yellow pigment content Whole meal flour yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. WMFlrYellPig Whole meal flour Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia tritici (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). Spike TtritInc Tilletia tritici bunt incidence Tilletia tritici bunt incidence Stomatal conductance Leaf StomaCond Rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide through the stomata. Leaf stomatal conductance Emergence time Emergence time Emergence time is when the first leaf appears above the soil surface. Plant Emer FgramInc Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum incidence. Spike length SpkLng Length Spike Length of spike. 0-9 percentage scale Tilletia laevis incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TlaevInc Estimation g/100 grain Leaf R675 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R675. Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.5 ? 2.2 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count3 yyyymmdd Standard method for In-season aboveground biomass. ISBM Estimation mmol H2O/m2/s Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that are below 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass6 g/m2/day StdEst Estimation Standard method for standard establishment. 0-9 DAMAGE scale Content of phosphorus in grain. Grain phosphorous content Grain GPhos Phosphorous content Glutenin Glu-D3 composition Glutenin Glu-D3 composition Flour Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d3. GluD3 Standard method for ash content in whole meal flour. WMFlrAsh Estimation Ant DS65 date Estimation Record date of anthesis (DS65) when 50% of spikes have flowered (i.e. at least 1 anther dehisced). Emer DS10 days Computation Number of days from sowing to the seedling emergence (DS10). Standard method for flag leaf lamina width. FLeafLWid Measurement Dough It is the p/g ratio. AlvPG Dough alveograph P/G Alveograph P/G 1-6 MIXTYP scale StomaCond Measurement Standard method for stomatal conductance. 1-8 rust field response scale ALVEOGRAPH determination AACC 54-30 A 1. A sample of 60 grams or 250 grams of flour is mixed with a salt solution to form a dough. 2. The dough is sheeted, rested and inflated in the Chopin Alveograph, 2. Five 4.5 centimeter circular dough patties are formed and then rested in the alveograph in a temperature-regulated compartment at 25 degrees Celsius for approximately 20 minutes, 3. Each dough patty is tested individually. The alveograph blows air into a dough patty, which expands into a bubble that eventually breaks, 4. The pressure inside the bubble is recorded as a curve on graph paper. The alveograph determines the gluten strength of a dough by measuring the force required to blow and break a bubble of dough. The results include P Value, L Value, and W Value. FHBSpkResp Fusarium head blight spike response Spike Fusarium head blight (scab) spike response caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spike response LeafThk Measurement Standard method for leaf thickness. Ant Anthesis time Plant Anthesis time Anthesis or flowering time is the period during which a flower is fully open and functional. pollination and fertilization occur during this period. Common root rot incidence Common root rot incidence Common root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agents Cochliobolus sativus, fusarium spp., and Pythium species. Plant RootRot GLng Grain length Length Grain Length of whole grain. Measured in centimeters from the base of the spike to the tip excluding the awns (average of 6-10 random spikes in plot). SpkLng Measurement GW Measurement Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. Canopy NWI3 Normalized water index 3 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Normalized water index 3 Canopy normalized water index 3 Sample as for spikelets per spike randomly select 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the spikelets, thresh, count grains, and calculate, or less accurately simply calculate from calculated grains per spike and measured spikelet number. GrnSpl Computation Stripe rust coefficient of infection PstriCI Stripe rust coefficient of infection Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Leaf %/min s/m Calculate grain yield of an entry as percentage over a local check. GY Relative to check Computation 1-5 HRDCLS scale Karnal bunt incidence Karnal bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia indica (syn. Neovossia indica). Spike TindiInc Karnal bunt incidence Count the number of infertile tillers. InfertTN Counting AACC 55-10 or SeedCount management procedure Standard method for test weight. Pratylenchus thornei damage Root The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei. Pratylenchus thornei damage PthornDmg Is the result of dividing sedimentation volume by flour protein content. SedIdx Flour Flour SDS sedimentation index Sedimentation index Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Leaf CiCa Leaf intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio. Fusarium graminearum incidence Fusarium graminearum incidence Fusarium graminearum incidence in the plants. Spike FgramInc FHBAUDPC Computation Calculate area under disease progress curve. tiller/m mg/kg Spike number Spike SN Number of spikes (fertile culms) per unit area, sample or plant. Number 1-6 Phenological relative scale StrawYield_Computation Calculated as difference between biomass and grain yield. A small sample of flour or ground wheat (1.0 grams) is weighed and placed in 25-milliliter glass-stoppered graduated cylinder. This is mixed with different solutions for some minutes and then rested. Finally, the volume of the sediment is recorded after 21 minutes. SDS-sedimentation determination Canopy Canopy normalized difference vegetation index NDVI Normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. StmWSC Atrone Measurement Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with chemical method Antrone. Plant Aphid damage Aphid damage AphDmg The plant damage caused by various species of aphids. NHI Computation Calculated as total grain Nitrogen divided by the total biomass Nitrogen. CT The surface temperature of the canopy is related to the amount of transpiration resulting in evaporative cooling. Canopy Canopy temperature Temperature Visual observation of grains size. GSize Estimation The plant damage caused by insects. Plant InsectDmg Insect damage Insect damage FnivLBInc Estimation Standard method for Fusarium leaf blotch incidence. Biomass production rate. Biomass BMPR Biomass production rate Production per day DR DT Computation Number of days from sowing to double ridge (DS14-15 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. GThk Measurement Standard method for whole grain thickness. Standard method for leaf pubescence density. LeafPubDen Estimation L value 1-3 GRNPLUMP scale a value FvDA Measurement Variable fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. CTD Difference between ambient temperature and canopy temperature. Temperature depression Canopy Canopy temperature depression 0-1 absent-present Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with NIRs. StmWSC NIR Measurement Leaf pubescence length Leaf pubescent length. LeafPubLng Pubescence length Leaf Spike disease development Spike The plant damage caused by spike diseases. SpkDis Spike disease development Stem rust coefficient of infection Plant PgramCI Stem rust coefficient of infection Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Plant Plant vegetative period VgP Time period between emergence (ds10) and first node detectable (ds31). Vegetative period Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. RUE Computation Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light. Asat Light-saturated net photosynthesis Leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis Leaf SR Simple ratio A vegetation index related with canopy structure, light absorption and photosynthetic capacity. Canopy Canopy simple ratio Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Standard method for eye spot field response. PherpResp Estimation Plant Septoria tritici blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. StritResp Septoria tritici blotch plant response Septoria tritici blotch plant response Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under droughted condition and rate the tolerance. DroughtTol Estimation Record date of terminal spikelet stage (DS25-30 approx.). It is estimated as the date at which the final spikelet can be observed on the forming spike within the stem of the main culm, typically measured on around 3-5 plants per plot. It required a main tiller dissection and an observation of the apex on an optic magnifier. TSpl date Estimation Leaf Leaf length Length of leaf. LeafLng Length kg/hl Standard method for Alternaria leaf blight field response. AtritResp Estimation Standard method for glume pubescence length. GlmPubLng Measurement Stem solidness Solidness Solidness of stem. Stem StmSol Standard method for glume color. GlmCol Estimation TcontInc Estimation Standard method for dwarf bunt incidence. SpkSterility Spike sterility index Spike Sterility Spike sterility observed as infertile florets. plant/m Germ Measurement Laboratory seed test for germination should be carried out before seeding to calculate seeding rates or determine the status of storage seed. The percentage of seeds capable of producing normal seedlings under ordinarily favorable conditions (not including seeds which produce weak, malformed, or obviously abnormal sprouts), determined by methods ISTA seed testing protocols. 1-5 GLUTYP scale Plant Ability to survive or withstand cold temperatures in the late fall, winter, or early spring. Wsurv Winter survival Winter survival Dough alveograph value P AlvP Alveograph value P Dough P value is the force required to blow the bubble of dough. it is indicated by the maximum height of the curve. Glume length GlmLng Length Glume Length of glume. Standard method for stem strength. StmStrength Estimation FLeafLLng Measurement Standard method for flag leaf lamina length. Cookie spread factor The ratio between average height and width of cookies. CookSdF Cookie Spread factor UtritInc Estimation Standard method for loose smut incidence. Both the total number of spikelets and the number of fertile spikelets (i.e., those containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. When sampling large numbers of samples or plots, time may be saved by randomly counting one side of the spike and multiplying by two. SplN Counting Grain filling period thermal time Grain filling period thermal time Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87) in thermal time. GFPTT Plant StrawBreak Amount of straw breakage. Breakage Straw breakage Straw Standard method for spike density. SpkDen Estimation Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Anet Measurement Standard method for cookie spread factor. CookSdF Measurement Strength of the culm. Strength StmStrength Stem strength Stem Count the total number of grains per tiller. GrnTllr Computation Net blotch severity Net blotch severity Net blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (Helminthosporium teres). HtereSev Leaf Grain Surface area Surface of whole grain. GsurfA Grain surface area LofVol Measurement Standard method for loaf volume. ColdTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at temperature lower than the optimum temperature and rate the tolerance. Leaf TanSpotInc Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot incidence Tan spot incidence Standard method for scoring tan spot response in adult plants. TanSpotResp Estimation Tilletia tritici incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TtritInc Estimation FvLAFmLA Maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured in the leaf. Leaf Leaf maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry PrecoSdlgResp Leaf rust seedling response Leaf rust seedling response Seedling Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. text min Calculated as time between double ridge (approx. DS14) and anthesis (DS65) as percentage of crop cycle duration. RepP Computation Amax Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Standard method for karnal bunt incidence. TindiInc Estimation BirdDmg Estimation Standard method for bird damage. Stomata size. StomaSiz Stomatal size Leaf stomatal size Leaf Grain vitreousness Grain GVtr One of the key quality parameters in the determination of durum quality referring to translucent or glass-like appearance when seeds are transversely sectioned and observed whether not vitreous/partly vitreous/vitreous. it is associated with high protein and hard grain. Vitreousness Sheath partitioning index LeafSPI Leaf sheath partitioning index Leaf Leaf sheath partitioning index. Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until initiation of booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTIB Computation Common bunt spike incidence TilSpSpkInc Common bunt (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia species. Spike Common bunt spike incidence ArmyWDmg Estimation Standard method for armyworm damage. Standard method for barley stripe mosaic virus incidence. BSMV Estimation SproutTol Estimation Observe the tendency of grain to sprout when in the spike and rate the tolerance. FlrYld Measurement Standard method for flour yield. Stem Color of the stems. StmCol Color Stem color Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.0 ? 1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count5 StritResp Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch response. GFRTT Computation Calculated grain weight increase per degree day with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Grain width Width of whole grain. Grain GWid Width Standard method for Septoria species incidence. SepSPInc Estimation Standard method for wheat blast severity. MgrisSev Estimation Germ Germination Proportion of seed that germinate under proper condition. Grain Grain germination LeafGlau Estimation Standard method for leaf glaucousness. Standard method for stomatal frequency. StomaFrq Counting Calculate number of plant per area. PlntStnd Computation plant/ha Standard method for rhizoctonia root rot incidence. RsolaInc Estimation NodeN Counting Standard method for node number. Severity of rust in spike is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. PstriSpkSev Estimation Whole meal flour Ash content in flour. Ash content Whole meal flour ash content WMFlrAsh Shattering Estimation Standard method for spike shattering. Plant Stem rust notes Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. PgramNote Stem rust notes Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a RARSa Canopy Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a Rarsa is an estimation of chlorophyll a content. Standard method for screening grain size distribution <1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count6 NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. Awn AwnCol Awn color Awn color. Color 1-5 incidence scale SLA Measurement Leaf area of flag leaf or all laminas is measured. Then the leaves are oven dried at 60-70oC for 48h and the dry weight is recorded. Then, the specific leaf area is calculated as the ratio of leaf area to dry mass SLA= leaf area/dry mass. Semolina SemoProt Protein content Protein content in durum wheat semolina. Semolina protein content Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until anthesis (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTA Computation Standard method for peduncle pubescence density. PedPubDen Estimation Ci Computation Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Moisture content is determined by drying a grain wheat sample in an air oven and comparing the weight of the sample before and after heating. The amount of weight loss is the moisture content. Moisture content results are expressed as a percentage. GMoi Estimation BMPR Computation Calculated with final biomass obtained /days to maturity. AgrScr Estimation For agronomic score observe visually detectable signs of factors limiting yields and rate. Plant Snail damage SnailDmg Snail damage The plant damage caused by snails. spike/m2 1-8 generic disease field response scale GLys Measurement Standard method for grain lysine content. LeafR750R700 Leaf The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R700 nm wavelength. Spectral reflectance Leaf spectral reflectance 750/700 nm StrawBreak Estimation Standard method for straw breakage. NIRS Fibre Measurement NIR calibrated Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.8 ? 2.5 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count2 GlmCol Glume color Color Color observation on the outer glume at maturity. Glume 1-5 TOL scale Leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Chl Leaf Chlorophyll content Count or calculate the number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per lineal meter, per plant or per square meter. TN Counting Seedling rust field response Estimation Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. g/day A ratio of grain yield to total above ground biomass. Plant Biomass partitioning to grain Harvest index HI Standard method for net blotch severity. HtereSev Estimation Standard method for Barley leaf rust incidence. PhordInc Estimation LRollSev Estimation Standard method for leaf rolling severity. It is the torque measured during the mixograph test. Mixograph torque Dough mixograph torque MixTq Dough Take measurements at least two times from full ground cover to the end of booting (pre-heading), and at least two times from the end of anthesis to late grainfilling (grain-filling) -with 5-7 days between each measurement to give a reasonably heritable estimate of trait expression. CT Measurement Retention proportion Proportion of big grain remaining above the sieve. Grain retention GReten Grain Wsurv Estimation Standard method for winter survival. s Fusarium leaf blotch severity Fusarium leaf blotch severity Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) severity in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). FnivLBSev Plant Width of glume. Width Glume Glume width GlmWid Glutenin Glu-B1 composition High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b1. Glutenin Glu-B1 composition GluB1 Flour Hd DS55 days Computation Number of days required from sowing to spike emergence from the flag leaf (DS55). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. FLRGluCon Measurement 1. A 10-gram sample of flour or ground wheat is weighed and placed into the glutomatic washing chamber on top of the polyester screen, 2. The sample is mixed and washed with a 2 percent salt solution for 5 minutes, 3. The wet gluten is removed from the washing chamber, placed in the centrifuge holder, and centrifuged, 4. The residue retained on top of the screen and through the screen is weighed. Standard method for take all incidence. GgtriInc Estimation Standard method for FHB spike incidence. FHBSpkInc Estimation Standard method for stem wall thickness. StmWallThk Measurement GYPR Computation Calculated with grain yield obtained /days to maturity. GlmPubDen Estimation Standard method for glume pubescence density. Stem diameter Stem Stem outer diameter. Diameter StmDia Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until physiological maturity (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTM Computation µmol CO2/m2/s Grain NUE Nitrogen Use Efficiency Nitrogen use efficiency The grain dry mass (grain yield) production per Nitrogen available to a plant. Fusarium graminearum severity Spike Fusarium graminearum severity in the plants. Fusarium graminearum severity FgramSev Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/R550. Leaf R750/R550 Measurement 1-5 scoring scale FLeafSen Estimation Rate using a scale from 0 (0% senescence) to 10 (100% senescence) using the guide, in increments of 10%. Observe the growth habit of wheat plants during tillering stages and rate whether erect/semi-erect/prostrate/semi-spreading/spreading GrwHabit Estimation Grain moisture content GMoi Grain Moisture content of grain. Moisture content GReten Measurement Measured as weight by percentage of all matter remaining above a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots. Standard method for Spot blotch incidence. HsatiLInc Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at the field presenting soil salinity and rate the tolerance. SaltTol Estimation RootDis Estimation Standard method for root disease development. Standard method for coleoptile length. ColeopLng Measurement 1-3 SEDVTR scale 1-4 PRECO scale Standard method for glume length. GlmLng Measurement StayGreen Canopy Ability of the plant to remain/maintain green leaves, stems and spikes at the time of senescing. Stay green Canopy stay green 0-12 Modified Cobb Scale Time required for the dough development from beginning of mixing flour and water to the dough reaches maximum consistency (peak). MixTim Dough Mixograph mixing time Mixograph mixing time Dough Leaf LeafPI Leaf lamina partitioning index Lamina partitioning index Leaf lamina partitioning index. Standard method for Fusarium graminearum severity. FgramSev Estimation Standard method for grain amylopectin content. GAmyloPec Measurement Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. RLNDmg Estimation Leaf Barley leaf rust severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. PhordSev Barley leaf rust severity Barley leaf rust severity Textile treatment is used to inhibit photosynthesis of the spikes through shading(comparison between control and treated spikes). Randomly selected spikes (for example: 12 spikes) per plot are covered with a special designed textile 10 days after anthesis under irrigation and drought or 10 days after heading under heat environments. Then, at physiological maturity the spikes are harvested together with 12 control spikes and the number of grains and weight are recorded and compared the treated spikes with the control ones (Sanchez-Bragado et al., 2016). SpkPho Computation Dough alveograph value L Alveograph value L AlvL L value is the extensibility of the dough before the bubble breaks. it is indicated by the length of the curve. Dough Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.8 mm - 2.5 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass2 0-9 GRNAPP scale Standard method for worm damage. WormDmg Estimation Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Leaf LeafPSSRb Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll b BlkPtInc Grain Black point incidence Black point incidence Black point incidence in the plants caused by the fungal species such as Helminthosporium sativum (Cochliobolus sativus), Alternaria alternata and fusarium spp. also black point symptoms are associated to physiological disorders. Common bunt incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TilSpSpkInc Estimation GYellBer Measurement Standard method for yellow berry incidence. RootRot Estimation Standard method for common root rot incidence. Standard method for spike type. SpkTyp Estimation plant/m2 Calculated as grain yield per unit of Nitrogen taken up. Nute Computation Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. PlntVig Estimation Specific leaf area Specific leaf area Leaf A ratio of the leaf area to dry mass. SLA SGNDmg Estimation Distorted leaves and stems are evident prior to heading. As diseased plants approach maturity, galls are formed in the florets, replacing the kernels. The galls are similar in shape to the seed they replace and are dark brown in color. Large numbers of motile larvae are present within the galls and become active after the galls have been moistened. These nematodes can act as vectors of Clavibacter tritici. PlntStnd Counting Counting the number of plant per area or row. GVtr Estimation Standard method for seed vitreousness. grain/spike tiller/plant Pratylenchus neglectus damage Pratylenchus neglectus damage Root PnegleDmg The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus. Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. CiCa Measurement Reproductive period Reproductive period RepP Time between double ridge (approx. ds14) and anthesis (ds65). Plant PrecoInc Estimation Standard method for leaf rust incidence. TanSpotSev Tan spot severity Tan spot severity Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Leaf m AntDmg Estimation Standard method for ant damage. LeafTNecro Estimation Leaf tip necrosis is observed and rated in percentage. PthornDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. µmol CO2/mol Severity of leaf/stem/stripe rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Modified cobb scale for severity Powdery mildew incidence Powdery mildew incidence in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. EgramInc Leaf Powdery mildew incidence Standard method for snail damage. SnailDmg Estimation g/200 grain Canopy NWI4 Normalized water index 4 Canopy normalized water index 4 Normalized water index 4 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Standard method for yield factor GYFac Computation Standard method for net blotch incidence. HtereInc Estimation Alternaria leaf blight plant response Alternaria leaf blight plant response AtritResp Alternaria leaf blight response in the plants caused by the agent Alternaria triticina. Leaf ml/% TSpl Terminal spikelet time Terminal spikelet time Terminal spikelet time is when the last spikelet, the terminal spikelet, has been produced. Plant Awns Presence Standard method for awn presence estimation. Height Plant PH Plant height Height of plant from ground to top of spike, excluding awns. spikelet/spike Field response McNEAL Estimation Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the MCNEAL scale. Pubescence density PedPubDen Peduncle Peduncle pubescence density Peduncle hairiness density. stoma/mm2 1-3 GROWTHCLS scale Straw NIR calibrated. STR NIRS Measurement Barley scald severity RsecaSev Barley scald severity Plant Barley scald severity in the plants caused by the agent Rhynchosporium secalis. Calculated as sum of straw Nitrogen content and grain Nitrogen content according to the biomass partition into straw and grain. BM NIRS Computation Leaf Leaf pubescence density Leaf hairiness density. LeafPubDen Pubescence density Plant hybrid necrosis incidence Hybrid necrosis incidence HNecro Plant Observation of hybrid necrosis. Standard method for fluorescence measurement. PhiPS2 Measurement Marvin method for whole surface area. GSurfA_Measurement BTol Estimation The response of a cultivar or genotype is expressed on a score 1-9, where 1= highly susceptible and 9 = highly tolerant, based on the extent of bronze colored necrosis of leaf tips extending down the leaf margins SN Computation Calculated from yield components sampling. Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Asat Measurement Barley helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence in the plants caused by the agent Drechslera graminea (helminthosporium gramineum). HgramInc Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Leaf g/l FHBGInc Estimation Standard method for FHB grain incidence. Number of days required from sowing to when 50% of spikes have flowered (DS65). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Ant DS65 DT Computation Standard method for screening grain size distribution >2.8 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R)machine. Image Analysis Screen Count1 joules Standard method for stem solidness. StmSol Estimation Grain Nitrogen content Nitrogen content GNitr Grain Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Zadoks or decimal code (00-99) Net blotch incidence Leaf Net blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (helminthosporium teres). HtereInc Net blotch incidence Plant tolerance to soil salinity. Plant SaltTol Salinity tolerance Salinity tolerance 1-9 PHOTORESP scale Leaf thickness Thickness Leaf Measurement of leaf thickness. LeafThk Leaf spectral reflectance 750/550 nm Spectral reflectance The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R550 nm wavelength. LeafR750R700 Leaf scale_of Content of zinc in grain. Grain Grain Zinc content Zinc content GZinc 1-6 SPKTYPE scale 1-3 STRAWStrength LeafPubLng Measurement Standard method for leaf pubescence length. 0-5 percentage scale TanSpotSdlgResp Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Seedling Tan spot seedling response Tan spot seedling response The number of grains per spike can be measured independently by threshing a known number of randomly selected spikes per plot (10-20 spikes per plot) or can be calculated as: Grains per spike (GSP) = grains m2 / spikes m2. GrnSpk Computation StmLng Measurement Standard method for stem length. Plant tolerance to acid soil. Plant Acid soil tolerance Acid soil tolerance AcdTol FHBDON Measurement Standard method for content of deoxynivalenol or DON (vomitoxin) that is often associated with FHB (Fusarium spp.) infected grains. Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until emergence (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTH Computation Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Stem rust plant response Plant Stem rust plant response PgramResp FvLA Measurement Variable fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. Standard method for spectral reflectance. LeafPSSRb Measurement Fruiting efficiency FE Fruiting efficiency The final outcome of the floret developmental rates (determining the number of floret primordia that reach the stage of fertile florets at anthesis) and the proportion of grain set per fertile floret (the opposite to grain abortion), per unit of spike weight. Spike 1-3 GLMCOL scale PhiCO2 Measurement Standard method for gas exchange measurement. Stay-green assessment is conducted through the growing season, starting with the onset of the senescence of the specific organ to be evaluated. StayGreen Estimation 1-9 SPKDEN scale 1-3 GRNCOL scale Some forms of spotting and necrosis result from chromosomal instability or genetic aberrations, these disorders are known as hybrid necrosis. Affected plants show differing degrees of necrosis, often associated with stunting or dwarf clumping. Hybrid necrosis usually is observed in early generation material, and affected progeny are eliminated HNecro Estimation 1-9 general scale 0-9 Mc Neal scale AwnCol Estimation Standard method for awn color. Grain Content of protein (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. GProt Protein content Grain protein content variable_of method_of