Booting, First awns visible 49 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GFILLPERIOD_pct GFP_calc_pct CIMMYT 50% plants with broken straw 5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MgrisSev_E_pct CIMMYT 1 3 solid CIMMYT FNDD FND_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FNDD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT LRollSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Boot_dto_day DTB_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BOOT CIMMYT DTB STRNUP_Calc_kgha Luzie U Wingen JIC CIMMYT GLUTYP_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluTyp_E_1to5 RootDis_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT ROOTDIS_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RootDis_E_1to5 Seedling development , 9 or more leaves unfolded 19 4 40% coverage UtritInc_E_pct CIMMYT UTRIT_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Nitrogen use efficiency Luzie U Wingen JIC NUE_Calc_kgkgN HEAD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DAYSHD Hd_dto_day DTH_days DTH low to medium 4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEPSP_pct__INC CIMMYT SepSPInc_E_pct 6 intermediate to high damage LeafR550_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PlntStnd_Ct_PlntPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLNTSTND_pl_plot CIMMYT GLMCOL_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmCol_E_1to3 CIMMYT S susceptible Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FE_Calc_Idx CIMMYT 7 high S Strong (S) WMFLRSDS_ml CIMMYT WMFlrSDS_M_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTIB_days DTIB CIMMYT Boot_dtoInit_day Germination, Radicle emerged from seed 05 1% (0.37% occupied by uredia) 1 GHrd_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNHRD_pct CIMMYT RELTPH_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_E_1to5 good (G) 4 95 Ripening, Seed dormant 8 very good (VG) TESTWT_kg_hl CIMMYT TestWt_M_kghl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 8 6 moderate to high GY_M_kgPlot CIMMYT PLOTGRNYLD_kg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW_M_g100grn CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW100_g Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RELTMT_1_5 Mat_relat_1to5 CIMMYT RELTMT Stem elongation or jointing, 1st node detectable 31 CIMMYT CROPGRWRATE_g_m2_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CropGrwRate_Calc_gm2day CIMMYT StmSol_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMSOL_1_3 light-yellow (b 2 high 9 very sparse to sparse 2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluB1_M_text GLUB1_text CIMMYT ACDTOL _1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AcdTol_E_1to5 Mixed 6 3 lax Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkGW_M_g CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SHATTERING_pct Shattering_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLeafLLng_M_cm GrnTllr_Calc_GrnTllr CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha SUPDMG _1_5 SuPDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla fair to good (F-G) 6 RARSc_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RARSc_index Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTA_Calc_Cday CIMMYT 20% plant height affected, 80% coverage 28 LeafPSSRa_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ISBM_Calc_tha CIMMYT ISBM_t_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 2 Branched CIMMYT BSMV_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BSMV_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BM_M_kgPlot BM_kg_plot CIMMYT RODDMG_pct RodentDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Tillering, Main shoot and 5 Tillers 25 49 40% plant height affected, 90% coverage CIMMYT FLeafLWid_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PH_M_cm GPhos_M_mgkg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNPHOS_mg_kg CIMMYT 84 80% plant height affected, 40% coverage ANTD ANTDATE Ant_date_ymd CIMMYT ANTD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm2 CIMMYT INFERTNO_tll_m2 FoDA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StrawStn_E_1to3 UagroResp_E_1to8 UAGRO_1_8__RESP CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_Calc_tha GRNYLD_t_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Yld_tha GY_tha CIMMYT CIMMYT FROSTDMGP_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FrostDmg_E_0to9 GlmPubDen_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLMPUBDEN _0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_t_ha BM_Calc_tha CIMMYT TllrCAPACITY_1_5 CIMMYT TllrCapacity_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 32 Stem elongation or jointing, 2nd node detectable Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkDW_Calc_gm2 CIMMYT 3 low very poor (VP) 0 intermediate (M), lesions of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis I 50% plant height affected, 20% coverage 52 PhiPS2_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STEMWSC_pct CIMMYT StmWSC_M_pct LeafR675_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TSD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT TSD TSpl_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PSTRI_text PstriNote_E_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BM_g_plot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_M_gPlot resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) R-MR DroughtTol_E_1to5 CIMMYT DROUGHTTOL_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMSIZ _um CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StomaSiz_M_um 5 100% coverage CIMMYT FoliarDis_N_T_S_M_V FolDis_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FOLDIS_1_5 semi-hard (SH, 45-50) SH Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvL_M_mm ALVL_mm CIMMYT PgramResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_1_8__ADLTRESP 20% coverage 1 3 awnletted (short) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FrostDmg_E_pct FROSTDMGP_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafCID_M_delta13C CIMMYT LEAVESCID_delta CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_pct__SPKW FHBSpkWt_Calc_pct PSTRI_0_9__RESP PstriResp_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CrmStr_E_1to5 CIMMYT CRMSTR_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla partly vitreous (PV) PV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMDIA_mm CIMMYT StmDia_M_mm GCID_M_delta13C CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRAINCID_delta CIMMYT CT_C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CT_M_C FROSTDMG_1_5__SPK CIMMYT FrostDmg_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FrostDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT TANSPOT_1_5__ADLTRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TanSpotResp_E_1to5 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla YELBER_pct CIMMYT GYellBer_M_pct no visible infection (0) 0 resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small lesions R 94 90% plant height affected, 40% coverage Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing MS SROLF_1_8 CIMMYT SrolfResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Flowering or anthesis, Flowering complete 69 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RELTHD Hd_relat_1to5 CIMMYT RELTHD_1_5 CIMMYT ErlVig_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ERLVIG_1_5 1 white (b<12.5) FnivLBInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FNIVLB_pct__INC CIMMYT dense 4 PrecoCI_Calc_pct CIMMYT PRECO_pct__CI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HI_Calc_Idx CIMMYT HI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla T tenacious (T) CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NBREAK_pct NeckBreak_E_pct red R 40 40% (14.8% occupied by uredia) no visible infection (0) 0 S Susceptible (S) - Moderate pycnidial formation, lesions coalescing considerably. Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmCol_E_1to6 CIMMYT PlntStnd_Calc_Plntha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLNTSTND_pl_ha GPlump_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNPLUMP_1_3 CIMMYT 0 GSize_ScreenMass2_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 9 90% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LRollInc_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DNOXI_pct DnoxiDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BYD_pct BYDInc_E_pct CIMMYT PlntStnd_Ct_Plntm PLNTSTND_pl_m CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GYFac_Calc_num CIMMYT YLDFAC_num S susceptible (S), 21 to 50 % of infection SEPSP_1_5__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SepSpResp_E_1to5 DECODS CIMMYT GrwStg_Zdks_00to99 GRWSTG_00_99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTM Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DAYSMT Mat_dto_day MAT DTM_days CIMMYT moderate (M) M GSize_ScreenMass6_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_num__SPLINC CIMMYT FHBSplInc_Ct_SplInfect FHBDON_M_ppm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_ppm__DON CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass3_pct CHL_CCI CIMMYT Chl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW_M_g1000grn Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TGW TKW CIMMYT THOUWT TGW_g 4 fair (F) StmWSC_Atrone_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Ci_M_umolCO2mol1 CIMMYT 2 20% plants with broken straw CIMMYT SproutTol_E_1to9 SPROUTTOL _1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AwnCol_E_1to6 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla intermediate 5 CIMMYT LeafSPI_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 70% plant height affected, 30% coverage 73 FnivLBSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FNIVLB_00_99__SEV weak 1 W white CIMMYT RUE_Calc_gMJ Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLRPROT_pct FlrProt_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla white W 47 40% plant height affected, 70% coverage FOXYWIL _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FoxiWilt_E_pct CIMMYT RELTMT Mat_relat_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RELTMT_1_6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_1_8__SPKRESP FHBSpkResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT Mat_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MATDATE MATD MATD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_0_4__RESP PrecoResp_E_0to4 CIMMYT SEMOYELPIG_ppm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SemoYellPig_M_ppm CIMMYT CIMMYT HI_Calc_pct HI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AGRSCR_0_9 CIMMYT AgrScr_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StdEst_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla immune, no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection (0) I 73 Kernel and milk development, Early milk (liquid off -white) 50% coverage 5 DTE_days CIMMYT Emer_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTE Days to emergence Luzie U Wingen JIC BMNUP_Calc_kgha Luzie U Wingen GFPTT_Calc_Cday GFILLPERIOD_thermal_time JIC CIMMYT SEDINDX_ml_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SedIdx_M_mlpct LEAFPUBLNG _um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafPubLng_M_um CIMMYT LAI_Calc_Idx CIMMYT LAI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BIRDDMG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BirdDmg_E_1to5 BirdDmg_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT erect (E) E 80% plant height affected, 20% coverage 82 WMFlrCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFLRCOL_b_value CIMMYT 69 60% plant height affected, 90% coverage Asat_M_umolCO2m2s1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GlmLng_M_mm GLMLNG_mm 3 medium 7 0 none STMFRQ_num CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StomaFrq_Ct_stomamm2 STMFRQ FHB_pct__GRNINC CIMMYT FHBGInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI3_M_Idx NWI3_index ALUTOL_1_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlTol_E_1to9 low to intermediate damage 4 IBD CIMMYT IBD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Boot_dateInit_ymd CIMMYT H2ODMG _0_9 WtrLoggDmg_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLeafSen_E_pct FLEAFSEN_pct CIMMYT high damage 7 ALVPL_index CIMMYT AlvPL_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LODG_0_5 CIMMYT Lodg_E_0to5pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FgramResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FGRAM_0_5__RESP CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PnegleDmg_E_pct PNEGLE_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RARSb_M_Idx RARSb_index STERIND_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkSterility_Calc_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Fs_M_Idx CIMMYT CIMMYT WKill_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKILL_1_5 H hard (H, <45) JIC AGBMNitr_M_pct Luzie U Wingen CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TNO_tll_m TN_Ct_Tllrm PRECO_1_4__RESP PrecoResp_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 20% anther extrusion 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNCOL_a_value GCol_M_avalue CIMMYT tall (T) T Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla COLDTOL_1_5 CIMMYT ColdTol_E_1to5 FgramSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FGRAM_00_99__SEV Booting, Flag leaf sheath opening 47 CIMMYT StrawYld_E_tha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI1_index NWI1_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_text CIMMYT PgramNote_E_text PSTRI_0_8__SEEDRESP CIMMYT PstriSdlgResp_E_0to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRECO_1_8__ADLTRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoResp_E_1to8 21 Tillering, Main shoot and 1 Tiller Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHPRP_1_8__RESP CIMMYT PherpResp_E_1to8 AphDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT APHDMG_1_5 PhordInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHORD_1_9 4 tolerant Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CiCa_M_Idx CIMMYT Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing MS 60 60 10% plant height affected, 60% coverage 16 moderately resistant (MR), average pycnidial density coverage of 15-30% MR PRI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRI_M_Idx LODG_pct Lodg_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla awnless 0 6 InfertSpkN_Ct_SplSpk Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount3_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Heading, First spikelet of head visible 51 CIMMYT GNO KNO GN_Calc_Grnm2 GNO_grains_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla kernel/m2 grains/m2 GM2 9 90 90% (33.3% occupied by uredia) intermediate 5 GRNSPL_num CIMMYT GrnSpl_Calc_GrnSpl grains/spikelet Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSPL Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RachLng_M_mm RLESDMG_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RLNDmg_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AWNS_0_9 Awns_E_0to9 3 leaf has shape of a V GSize_ScreenMass1_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 6 moderately susceptible to moderately tolerant Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis MR CIMMYT GSize_E_1to3 GRNSIZE_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HeatTol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HEATTTOL_1_5 CIMMYT 2 one or more sharp eyespot lesions on upper (as well as lower) sheaths but no symptoms on the stem 1 none Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StritSev_E_00to99 STRIT_00_99__SEV CIMMYT CIMMYT HtereSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 20 Tillering, Main shoot only CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTM_calc_Cday 10% coverage 1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FmDA_M_Idx CIMMYT 41 40% plant height affected, 10% coverage E early (E) resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) R-MR 2 poor (P) 86 80% plant height affected, 60% coverage 2 STRIT_0_5__RESP StritResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT none 1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FvDA_M_Idx CIMMYT GRNCOL_b_value GCol_M_bvalue CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Heading, ¼ of head emerged 53 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RARSa_M_Idx RARSa_index CIMMYT present 1 SpkPho_Textile_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 7 high TTRIT _pct__INC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TtritInc_E_pct 62 60% plant height affected, 20% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HtereInc_E_pct CIMMYT HTERE_pct__INC MS moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RSpkGP_Calc_pct CIMMYT HEADD HEADDATE Hd_date_ymd HEADD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla No visible affection 0 GZinc_M_mgkg CIMMYT GRNZINC_mg_kg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNIRON_mg_kg GrnIron_M_mgkg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFLRCOL_L_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrCol_M_Lvalue 44 40% plant height affected, 40% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SnodoInc_E_pct SNODO_pct__INC CIMMYT StmLng_M_cm CIMMYT STMLNG_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTFND_days FND CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FND_dto_day DTFND Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EgramInc_E_0to5 CIMMYT EGRAM_0_5__INC TANSPOT_pct TanSpotInc_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GYPR_Calc_gm2day CIMMYT VS very susceptible CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrwCls_E_1to3 GROWTHCLS_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SN_M_Spksm SNO_spk_m 90% plant height affected, 20% coverage 92 60% plant height affected, 40% coverage 64 Stem elongation or jointing, Pseudo stem erection 30 AGRSCR_1_5 CIMMYT AgrScr_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MH medium hard (MH) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRCOL_b_value FlrCol_M_bvalue CIMMYT CIMMYT StomaRes_M_sm STMRES_s_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 30% plant height affected, 80% coverage 38 CIMMYT ETR_M_?molm2s1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 10% plant height affected, 10% coverage 11 BLBSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Wsurv_E_pct BLS_00_99 CIMMYT BLSSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GgtriInc_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GGTRI_pct__INC 61 60% plant height affected, 10% coverage 8 PgramSev_E_0to12 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PGRAM_0_12__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GluB3_M_text GLUB3_text leaf is severely rolled 5 8 dense to very dense Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT YLDCHECK_pct GY_PctChk_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafR750R700_M_Idx SBMVInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT SBMV_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNYLD_g_m2 GY_gm2 Yld_gm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_Calc_gm2 CIMMYT CIMMYT TilSpSpkInc_E_pct TILSP_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 9 >90% anther extrusion 10 10% (3.7% occupied by uredia) CIMMYT RSECA_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RsecaSev_E_00to99 10 10 TTTS_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT BLB_00_99__SEV BLBSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla very poor (VP) 1 BM_Calc_gm2 CIMMYT BM_g_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 very low TestWt_M_gl TESTWT_g_l CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Red 2 REPPERIOD_days RepP_Calc_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GCol_M_Lvalue CIMMYT GRNCOL_L_value GRN_pct Luzie U Wingen GNitr_NIRS_pct JIC FlrCol_M_Lvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRCOL_L_value CIMMYT CIMMYT SEDVTR_1_3 GVtr_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Heading, Emergence of head complete 59 FHB_pct__SPKINC CIMMYT FHBSpkInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 14 10% plant height affected, 40% coverage FvDAFmDA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MIXTIM_min MixTim_M_min Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 07 Germination, Coleoptile emerged from seed Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Anet_M_umolCO2m2s2 CIMMYT PGRAM_pct__SEV CIMMYT PgramSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRECO_0_12__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoSev_E_0to12 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ANTDMG_pct AntDmg_E_pct L late (L) CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HAILDMG_0_9 HailDmg_E_0to9 90 90 PedLng_M_cm CIMMYT PEDLNG _cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMSTRENGTH_1_9 StmStrength_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla REPPERIOD_pct RepP_Calc_pct CIMMYT white 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_pct__AUDPC FHBAUDPC_Calc_pct CIMMYT NWI4_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI4_M_Idx CIMMYT SnailDmg_E_pct CIMMYT SNAILDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUD1_text CIMMYT GluD1_M_text Ant_dto_day CIMMYT DTA_days ANT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DAYSAN Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW_M_g200grn GW200_g CIMMYT FHB_index__SPLINC FHBSplInc_Calc_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Black 3 5 60% plant height affected, 70% coverage 67 MR moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas CIMMYT TTB_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmWid_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLMWID_mm CIMMYT CIMMYT GFP_calc_day GFILLPERIOD_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GPD_Calc_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC 5 50% anther extrusion Ripening, Kernel hard (difficult to divide, 16% water) 91 GReten_M_pct GRNRETEN_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLUA3_text GluA3_M_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_text PrecoNote_E_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LODG_1_9 Lodg_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FrostDmg_E_1to9 FROSTDMGP_1_9 CIMMYT STAYGREEN_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StayGreen_E_1to5 CIMMYT ISBM_kg_ha ISBM_Calc_kgha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrProt_Kjl_pct FLRPROT_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 intermediate damage CIMMYT TanSpotSdlgResp_E_0to5 TANSPOT_0_5__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 very good (VG) BYDInc_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BYD_0_9 CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHORD_pct__CI PhordCI_Calc_pct No symptom of sharp eyespot 0 moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible MS SE semi-erect (SE) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNCOL_1_5 GCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT SH semi-hard (SH, 45-55) LM light moderate CIMMYT PEDPBD_0_9 PedPubDen_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTIB_Calc_Cday CIMMYT FlrYld_M_pct CIMMYT FLRYD FLRYLD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 99 90% plant height affected, 90% coverage 60% plant height affected, 50% coverage 65 CIMMYT ALVP_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvP_M_mm early (E) 2 3 early to normal (E-N) Seedling development , 6 leaves unfolded 16 Luzie U Wingen JIC GFILLRATE_thermal_time GFRTT_Calc_gCday M moderate CIMMYT AnthExt_E_0to9 Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 7 good to very good (G-VG) 7 70% plants with broken straw Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLng_M_mm intermediate 5 HR Highly Resistant (HR) - No or only occasional isolated pycnidia formed, particularly in older leaf tissue, hypersensitive flecking in younger leaf tissue. ATRITDMG _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SGNDmg_E_pct 91 90% plant height affected, 10% coverage attribute GSize_ScreenMass4_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some clorosis possible MS CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_M_kgPlot ISBM_kg_plot DROUGHTTOL_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DroughtTol_E_pct 5 5% (1.85% occupied by uredia) WMFlrAsh_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HAVEN_pct HavenDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 40% plant height affected, 20% coverage 42 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EgramSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT EGRAM_00_99__SEV 4 Awns_E_0to1 AWNS_0_1 Luzie U Wingen JIC 09 Germination, Leaf just at coleoptile tip CIMMYT EgramInc_E_pct EGRAM_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_1_8__ADLTRESP CIMMYT PstriResp_E_1to8 3 large PHOTORESPO_1_9 CIMMYT PhotopResp_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 60% (22.2% occupied by uredia) 60 SepSpResp_E_0to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEPSP_0_5__RESP CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount5_pct WT weak-tenacious (WT) CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GMoi_E_pct GRNH20_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SIPI_M_Idx SIPI_index CIMMYT CIMMYT EGRAM_1_5__INC EgramInc_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla T1BL1RS_0_1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla T1BL1RS_M_0to1 CIMMYT GlmGlau_E_0to9 CIMMYT GLMGLAU_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GApp_E_0to9 GRNAPP_0_9 GRNSPK grains/spike GRNSPK_num CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrnSpk_Calc_GrnSpk PrecoSdlgResp_E_0to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_0_8__SEEDRESP CIMMYT CIMMYT AGRSCR_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AgrScr_E_1to9 5 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 3/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 3 fair (F) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRYELLCLS_1_3 CIMMYT FlrYellCls_M_1to3 4 80% coverage CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GAmyloPec_M_pct CIMMYT FHBSpkResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_0_5__SPKRESP 2 very lax to lax CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MixTq_M_pctmin MIXTQ_pct_min CIMMYT WMFlrCol_M_avalue WMFLRCOL_a_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Booting, Boot swollen 45 P purple S soft (S, >55) Luzie U Wingen JIC NHI_Calc_pct Nitrogen harvest index DTTS CIMMYT DTTS_days TSpl_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BMPR_Calc_gm2day Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FvLAFmLA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMCOND_mmol_m2_s StomaCond_M_mmolm2s CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 78 70% plant height affected, 80% coverage CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRGluCon_M_pct GLUCON_pct Ripening, Seed not dormant 97 Luzie U Wingen JIC GRNFibre_pct GFibre_NIRS_pct I immune (I), 0 % of infection 9 very dense Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AVLG_mm CIMMYT AlvG_M_mm StmWSC_NIR_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT STRIT_pct__INC StritInc_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PH_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_M_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EMERDATE EMERD_yyyymmdd Emer_date_ymd EDATE Emergence date CIMMYT EMERD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriSev_E_pct CIMMYT PSTRI_pct__SEV 34 30% plant height affected, 40% coverage NPQI_M_Idx NPQI_index CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 4 poor to fair (P-F) 79 70% plant height affected, 90% coverage medium 3 6 intermediate to moderate Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HTERE_00_99__SEV CIMMYT HtereSev_E_00to99 RUET_Calc_gMJ Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKill_E_pct CIMMYT WKILL_pct 13 Seedling development , 3 leaves unfolded PedGlau_E_0to9 CIMMYT PEDGLAU_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla S Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones 5 very late (VL) VL AlvIe_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ALVIe_pct HGRAM_pct HgramInc_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT THRESHBLTY_1_9 Threshblty_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Seedling development , 5 leaves unfolded 15 RcereInc_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RCERE_0_9 CIMMYT MS-S moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SaltTol_E_1to9 SALTOL _1_9 3 low NupE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen JIC CIMMYT HAILDMG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HailDmg_N_T_S_M_V HailDmg_E_1to5 Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis MR-MS 22 20% plant height affected, 20% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LofVol_M_ml LOFVOL_ml CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NDVI_M_Idx CIMMYT NDVI_index 20 20 26 Tillering, Main shoot and 6 Tillers CIMMYT TcontInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TCONT_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkTyp_E_1to6 20% plant height affected, 90% coverage 29 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HesFlyDmg_E_pct HESFDMG _pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriSpkSev_E_pct PSTRI_pct__SPKSEV W winter SEPSP_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SepSpSev_E_00to99 25 20% plant height affected, 50% coverage 2 highly susceptible to susceptible low to moderate 4 poor to fair (P-F) 3 8 80% plants with broken straw Very susceptible (VS), large, abundant pycnidia, lesions coalescing extensively VS Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CGR_Calc_gm2day StrawCol_E_1to6 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla S soft (S) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RootRot_E_0to9pct ROOTROT_0_9 CIMMYT CIMMYT HsatiLInc_E_pct HSATIL_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 50 50 37 30% plant height affected, 70% coverage GSize_ScreenMass5_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount4_pct 9 very high GERM_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GermiTest_pct Germ_M_pct CIMMYT LeafTR_M_mmolH2Om2s1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DR Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DRidge_dto_day DTDR DTDR_days CIMMYT CIMMYT GrndCov_GS15_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNDCOV_pct__GS15 GRNStarch_pct GStarch_NIRS_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC GLys_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 50% plant height affected, 10% coverage 51 Tillering, Main shoot and 3 Tillers 23 5 late (L) AWNLNG _cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AwnLng_M_cm CIMMYT excellent (E) 9 CIMMYT DRidge_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DRD_yyyymmdd DRD SemoProt_NIRS_pct SEMOPROT _pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FgramSev_E_pct nearly immune, no uredinia, but hypersensitive necrotic or chlorotic flecks present (,) , resistant (R), 1 to 8 % of infection R 4 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TSPI_M_Idx CIMMYT Purple 4 9 71 Kernel and milk development, Kernel watery ripe (clear liquid) CIMMYT AlvW_M_joules Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVW_joules GSize_ScreenCount2_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 20% coverage 2 PHORD_pct__SEV PhordSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPKDIS_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkDis_E_1to5 SpkDis_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafPI_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SNO_spk_m2 SN_Calc_Spksm2 CIMMYT CIMMYT LeafPubDen_E_0to9 LEAFPUBDEN_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFLRYELPIG_ppm CIMMYT WMFlrYellPig_M_ppm Luzie U Wingen JIC BMNUtE_Calc_kgkgN SpkPI_Calc_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 10% anther extrusion 1 CIMMYT WI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WI_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFTNECR _pct LeafTNecro_E_pct Intermediate (I) - Light pycnidial format ion. Coalescing of lesions normally noticeable towards the leaf tip and elsewhere on the leaf. I Ripening, Kernel hard (not dented by thumbnail) 92 HNECRO_0_1 HNecro_E_0to1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla hollow 1 71 70% plant height affected, 10% coverage CIMMYT LeafPSSRb_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 18 10% plant height affected, 80% coverage 20% plant height affected, 70% coverage 27 CIMMYT TTH_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) MS-S 70 70 fair to good (F-G) 5 35 30% plant height affected, 50% coverage Tillering, Main shoot and 9 or more Tillers 89 Late hard dough (difficult to dent) 29 CookSdF_M_Idx COKSDF_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 good (G) CIMMYT GrwHabit_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GHABIT_1_5 dense 7 28 Tillering, Main shoot and 8 Tillers 93 Ripening, Kernel loosening in daytime CIMMYT VgP_calc_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla VEGPERIOD_days MR moderately resistant (MR), 9 to 11 % of infection moderate to high 8 sparse 2 Germination, Imbibition complete 03 4 lax to intermediate very hard (VH) VH INSECTDMG_pct CIMMYT InsectDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STRNitr_NIRS_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC highly tolerant 5 TindiInc_E_pct CIMMYT TINDI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_M_gPlot CIMMYT PLOTGRNYLD_g Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhiCO2_M_Idx intermadiate to dense 6 Luzie U Wingen GFILLRATE JIC GFR_Calc_gday Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AphDmg_E_pct CIMMYT APHDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_Calc_gm2 ISBM_g_m2 CIMMYT HgramInc_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HGRAM_0_9 60% plant height affected, 80% coverage 68 LODG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LodgInc_N_T_S_M_V Lodg_E_1to5 CIMMYT 6 medium to high 40% plant height affected, 80% coverage 48 Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis MR 56 50% plant height affected, 60% coverage PstriInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Yld_kgha GY_Calc_kgha GY_kgha GRNYLD_kg_ha CIMMYT rolled leaf rim covers part of leaf blade 4 very good (VG) 9 AnthExt_E_pct Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BOOTDATE Boot_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BOOTD_yyyymmdd BOOTD CIMMYT CIMMYT GNDVI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GNDVI_index JIC StrawYld_Calc_tha Luzie U Wingen Good 1 low to intermediate 4 H hard (H) GlmPubLng_M_um CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLMPUBLNG_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT HerbDmg_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HERBDMG_1_5 HerbicideDmg_E_1to5 30% (11.1% occupied by uredia) 30 59 50% plant height affected, 90% coverage One or more sharp eyespot lesions on lower sheaths but no symptoms on the stem 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MixTyp_E_1to6 MIXTYP_1_6 CIMMYT CIMMYT GRNPROT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GProt_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafGlau_E_0to9 CIMMYT LEAFGLAU_0_9 susceptible (S), large lesions, no necrosis or chlorosis S PgramSdlgResp_E_0to8 PGRAM_0_8__SEEDRESP CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 81 Dough development, Very early dough (slides when crushed) SLA_M_m2kg1 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BlkPtInc_E_pct CIMMYT BLKPT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StrawBreak_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla R red CIMMYT TanSpotSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TANSPOT_00_99__SEV CIMMYT GHrd_M_1to5 HRDCLS_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 4 high BIRDDMG_pct BirdDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_0_12__SEV PstriSev_E_0to12 CIMMYT CIMMYT BM_kg_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_Calc_kgha CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FvLA_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GProt_Kjl_pct GRNPROT_pct CIMMYT PlntStnd_Calc_Plntm2 CIMMYT PLNTSTND_pl_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNDCOV_pct CIMMYT GrndCov_M_pct X heterogeneous, random distribution of variable-sized uredinia on single leaf (X) 60% coverage 6 absent 0 4 sparse to intermediate UTRIT_1_9__INC UtritInc_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 5 medium acronym WORMDMG_pct CIMMYT WormDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla susceptible, large uredinia without chlorosis (4) 4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RsecaSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRSDS_ml FlrSDS_M_ml CIMMYT 83 Dough development, Early dough (elastic, dry and shiny) BMNUE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen JIC 6 60% plants with broken straw MR moderately resistant GSize_ScreenCount6_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_pct__CI PgramCI_Calc_pct CIMMYT very short (VS) VS 90% plant height affected, 70% coverage 97 5 moderately susceptible CIMMYT GWid_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla good to very good (G-VG) 8 vitreous (V) V very early (VE) 1 70% plant height affected, 70% coverage 77 2 Moderate absent 1 NODENO _num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NodeNO_Ct_node CIMMYT 30% plant height affected, 60% coverage 36 White 1 Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf just visible 37 medium soft (MS) MS SPKLNG_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkLng_M_cm SpkDen_E_1to9 SPKDEN_1_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPLSPK_num SplN_Ct_SplSpk spikelets/spike SPLSPK CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrFN_M_s WMFLRFN_s CIMMYT yellow (b>15) 3 1 very poor (VP) CIMMYT InsectDmg_N_T_S_M_V InsectDmg_E_1to5 INSECTDMG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_pct__SEV CIMMYT PrecoSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderately resistant, small to medium uredinia often surrounded by Chlorosis or necrosis, green island may be surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic border (2) 2 2 8 80% anther extrusion HelSpSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT HELSP_00_99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla susceptible 2 74 70% plant height affected, 40% coverage Stem elongation or jointing, 3rd node detectable 33 4 normal, similar to local check (N) CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSCREEN_pct GScreen_M_pct MS moderate susceptible LEAFLNG_cm CIMMYT LeafLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GluA1_M_text GLUA1_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 60% anther extrusion 6 R resistant (R), average pycnidial density of 5-15% ColdTol_E_pct COLDTOL_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 30 30 CIMMYT PhordSev_E_0to12 PHORD_0_12__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TN_Ct_Tllrm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TNO_tll_m2 CIMMYT LEAFWID_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafWid_M_mm CIMMYT 57 50% plant height affected, 70% coverage 30% plant height affected, 20% coverage 32 4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GThk_M_mm CIMMYT NV not vitreous (NV) Germination, Dry seed 00 30% plant height affected, 90% coverage 39 Seedling development , 4 leaves unfolded 14 40% plant height affected, 50% coverage 45 Poor 3 CIMMYT TLAEV_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TlaevInc_E_pct 5 intermediate 3 PstriCI_Calc_pct PSTRI_pct__CI CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEMOCOL_b_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SemoCol_M_bvalue CIMMYT RNDVI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RNDVI_M_Idx 20% plant height affected, 40% coverage 24 00 no disease 80% plant height affected, 30% coverage 83 JIC NutE_Calc_kgkgN Nitrogen utilisation efficiency Luzie U Wingen R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules 89 80% plant height affected, 90% coverage 0 No visible affection EGRAM_1_9__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EgramInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT unrolled, turgid 1 CTD_Calc_C CIMMYT CTD_C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Clavate 4 SR_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SR_index CIMMYT S susceptible (S), pycnidial density greater than 40% MR moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 4/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ArmyWDmg_E_pct CIMMYT ARMDMG_pct ISBM_g_plot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_M_gPlot GRNCOL_1_3 GCol_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla immune (0), no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection I Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GgtriInc_E_1to5 GGTRI_1_5_INC CIMMYT 3 Oblong very dense 5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CPYGM_pct CIMMYT SawflyDmg_E_pct 30% coverage 3 90% plant height affected, 80% coverage 98 MS moderately Susceptible (MS), medium-sized lesions, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible CIMMYT VgP_calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla VEGPERIOD_pct LEAFGLAU_1_5 LeafGlau_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 12 10% plant height affected, 20% coverage CIMMYT FGRAM_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FgramInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Lodg_E_0to9pct LODG_0_9 CIMMYT CIMMYT PthornDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PTHORN_pct S susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis moderately susceptible (MS), 12 to 20 % of infection MS Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FoLA_M_Idx CIMMYT 2 very low to low CIMMYT LeafThk_M_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFTHK_mm BM_M_gPlnt BM_g_pl CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla I intermediate (M), pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis Z Heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf base (Z) Wheat ontology CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla COLEOPLNG _cm ColeopLng_M_cm CIMMYT ForgDM_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Luzie U Wingen JIC GRSA_M_mm2 GsurfA_M_mm2 43 Booting, Boot just visibly swollen FLRCOL_a_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrCol_M_avalue CIMMYT medium (M) M Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI2_index CIMMYT NWI2_M_Idx 41 Booting, Flag leaf sheath extending 7 moderate Prostrate (P) P susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis S 2 intermediate highly tolerant 9 20% plant height affected, 10% coverage 21 Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible 39 Tillering, Main shoot and 7 Tillers 27 3 0% (no uredia) 0 Luzie U Wingen JIC GNUP_Calc_kgha Heading, ½ of head emerged 55 Imm Immune (Imm) - No pycnidial formation, no symptoms or occasional hypersensitive fleck. resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules R trace 1 Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis MR-MS 40% anther extrusion 4 3 low high 4 stem softened with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem 8 InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm CIMMYT INFERTNO_tll_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 9 90% plants with broken straw Seedling development , First leaf unfolded 11 red to brown 2 ATRIT _1_8__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AtritResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT SEMOPROT _pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SemoProt_Kjl_pct 3 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 1/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 0 No visible infection on plants 6 R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules 70% (25.9% occupied by uredia) 70 LI_M_pct CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Amax_M_umolCO2m2s2 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKill_E_0to9 CIMMYT WKILL_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 5/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 7 24 Tillering, Main shoot and 4 Tillers VT very tall (VT) 1 very sparse very good (VG) 3 LeafR750R550_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FmLA_M_Idx CIMMYT CIMMYT FlrFN_M_s FLRFN _s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 20% plant height affected, 60% coverage 26 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_1_9 CIMMYT PrecoInc_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PlntVig_E_1to5 CIMMYT PLNTVIG_1_5 spreading (S) S 8 very high 60% plant height affected, 30% coverage 63 30% anther extrusion 3 R Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVPG_index AlvPG_Calc_Idx CIMMYT BORONTOL_1_9 CIMMYT BTol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla shrivelled (SH) 1 10 Seedling development , First leaf emerged high to very high damage 8 9 very dense tolerant 8 very severe (V) 5 Kernel and milk development, Medium milk (milky liquid) 75 CIMMYT HsatiLSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HSATIL_00_99__SEV moderately susceptible (MS), average pycnidial density coverage of 30-40% MS 6 intermediate to dense dense to very dense 8 CIMMYT TN_Ct_TllrPlnt TNO_tll_pl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla S susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis 7 dense Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_M_gPlnt GRNYLD_g_pl CIMMYT 17 Seedling development , 7 leaves unfolded Ripening, 50% of viable seed germinates 96 very late (VL) 6 4 susceptible to moderately susceptible 2 medium 1 highly susceptible BlkPtInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT BLKPT_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 7 good (G) 22 Tillering, Main shoot and 2 Tillers 43 40% plant height affected, 30% coverage 1 very low 30% plant height affected, 30% coverage 33 36 Stem elongation or jointing, 6th node detectable Seedling development , 2 leaves unfolded 12 60% coverage 3 31 30% plant height affected, 10% coverage 6 4 moderate (M) poor (P) 3 30% plants with broken straw 3 semi-soft (SS, 51-55) SS Ripening, Secondary dormancy lost 99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmWallThk_M_um STMTHK_um CIMMYT 1 none Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones S S soft (S, >55) CIMMYT FLEAFA _cm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLeafA_M_cm2 3 strong 4 40% plants with broken straw severe 5 CIMMYT HRDCLS_1_4 GHrd_M_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla susceptible 3 50% plant height affected, 80% coverage 58 0 no damage moderately resistant (MR), small lesions surrounded by necrotic areas MR intermediate 3 3 slight (S) 2 very low damage GLUD3_text CIMMYT GluD3_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla W weak (W) CIMMYT HRDCLS_1_3 GHrd_M_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 80 80 moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR 23 20% plant height affected, 30% coverage Flowering or anthesis, Start of flowering 61 R resistant 3 moderately susceptible, medium-sized uredinia that may be associated with chlorosis (3) heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf tip (Y) Y 15 10% plant height affected, 50% coverage 40% plant height affected, 60% coverage 46 0 insensitive 80% plant height affected, 50% coverage 85 R Resistant (R) - Very light pycnidial formation. Some coalescing of lesions mainly toward the leaf tip and in older leaf tissue. P purple Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RSOLA_0_9 CIMMYT RsolaInc_E_0to9pct 87 80% plant height affected, 70% coverage 65 Flowering or anthesis, Flowering half complete 100 100% (37% occupied by uredia) 57 Heading, ¾ of head emerged CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount1_pct 2 trace (T) 2 leaf rim starts to roll one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 2/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 4 2 very poor to poor (VP-P) severe 5 1 very lax 96 90% plant height affected, 60% coverage mid-strong 2 34 Stem elongation or jointing, 4th node detectable Germination, Water uptake (imbibition) started 01 50% plant height affected, 30% coverage 53 TllrGW_M_g CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha very poor to poor (VP-P) 1 2 40% coverage 2 low 80% plant height affected, 10% coverage 81 VR very resistance facultative (intermediate) I 5 Amber MS medium strong (MS) VS very susceptible (VS), > 50 % of infection low 2 Stem elongation or jointing, 5th node detectable 35 fair (F) 5 1 small 3 moderately tolerant 7 entity sparse 3 9 very high damage 10% plant height affected, 70% coverage 17 2 very low 87 Dough development, Hard dough (thumbnail impression held) 85 Dough development, Soft dough (firm, thumbnail mark not held) 9 severe 50% plant height affected, 50% coverage 55 70% anther extrusion 7 9 head prematurely ripened (whitehead) or plant collapsed with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem, or shoot killed as the ear emerges from the sheath with sharp eyespot lesions on the shoot 7 awned (conspicuous) 98 Ripening, Secondary dormancy 40 40 20 20% (7.4% occupied by uredia) 80 80% (29.6% occupied by uredia) 94 Ripening, Overripe, straw dead and collapsing I immune S short (S) good (G) 6 absent 0 10% plant height affected, 30% coverage 13 R Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis 77 Kernel and milk development, Late milk (more solids in milk) S spring 50 50% (18.5% occupied by uredia) LMS light moderate susceptible 66 60% plant height affected, 60% coverage Mixed 6 0 No anther extrusion 18 Seedling development , 8 leaves unfolded 1 Fusiform 1 No breakage 5 Elliptical none (N) 1 8 80% coverage low damage 3 70% plant height affected, 50% coverage 75 very resistant, small uredinia surrounded by necrosis (1) 1 90% plant height affected, 50% coverage 95 7 70% coverage poor (P) 2 very resistant (VR), average pycnidial density of 0-5% VR R/W red/white 2 50% plant height affected, 40% coverage 54 white/red W/R 72 70% plant height affected, 20% coverage 93 90% plant height affected, 30% coverage 10% plant height affected, 90% coverage 19 3 purple to black SS semi-spreading (SS) hard (H, <45) H 8 high to very high 1 highly susceptible moderate 5 80% plant height affected, 80% coverage 88 very low 2 VE very early (VE) 76 70% plant height affected, 60% coverage PstriSdlgResp Stripe rust seedling response Seedling Stripe rust seedling response Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the seedlings caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Yield factor Grain yield factor GYFac Yield factor. Grain Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. HeatTol Estimation Grain GN Number of grains expressed as per unit area or sample. Grain number Number Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. BM Computation Above ground biomass nitrogen efficiency Nitrogen Use Efficiency The above ground biomass production per total Nitrogen available to a plant. BMNUE Plant Booting time is just prior to spike emergence, when the flag leaf sheath encloses the growing spike. Booting time Booting time Plant Boot g/l 1-5 scoring scale GApp Estimation Standard method for grain appearance. Standard method for leaf width. LeafWid Measurement Armyworm damage ArmyWDmg The plant damage caused by armyworm. Plant Armyworm damage Number of days from sowing to first node detectable. However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. FND DS31 DT Computation Glume GlmPubDen Glume hairiness density on outer side of sterile glume. Pubescence density Glume pubescence density A physiological phenomenon caused by hot, dry and windy weather. the whole tip of the flag leaf tends to be necrotic and will often fold over. leaf tip necrosis progresses from the margins of the flag leaf tip and lower leaves as well show some signs of it. leaf tip necrosis is observed to some extent in all wheat varieties containing the leaf rust gene resistance gene lr34. LeafTNecro Leaf Leaf tip necrosis incidence Tip necrosis Infertile tiller Number InfertTN Infertile tiller number Number of infertile tillers per unit area, sample or plant. 1-6 SPKTYPE scale Grain filling period GFP Grain filling period Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Plant g/MJ Standard method for straw breakage. StrawBreak Estimation 1-8 generic disease field response scale RcereInc Estimation Main shoots are assessed for sharp eyespot disease. PhiPS2 Quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII. Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II Quantum yield of photosystem II Leaf Variable fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FvLA Measurement Plant Plant height Height PH Height of plant from ground to top of spike, excluding awns. Standard method for ash content in whole meal flour. WMFlrAsh Estimation Minolta Chroma Meter Test Measurement of flour/whole meal/grain color with the Minolta chromameter, L value represents whiteness, a* value (reddishness) represents red and green colors and b* value (yellowness) represents yellow and blue colors. Using the Minolta Chroma Meter Test: 1. A sample of flour/whole meal/grain is placed on the granular materials attachment and compacted, 2. The Minolta Chroma Meter is inserted into the granular materials attachment, 3. Measurements are taken and recorded, 4.Color results are reported in terms of 3-dimensional color values based on the following rating scale: L* value whiteness: 100 white, 0 black, a* value positive +60 red color, negative values -60 green color, b* value positive +60 yellow color, negative values -60 blue color. Waterlogging damage WtrLoggDmg Plant Waterlogging damage Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. g/degree C day % Standard method for flag leaf area. FLeafA Measurement Grain fill rate Plant Grain fill rate Grain weight increase per day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). GFR Septoria blotch plant response SepSpResp Septoria blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Septoria blotch plant response Leaf 1-5 DMG scale InfertTN Counting Count the number of infertile tillers. 1-3 GROWTHCLS scale L value is the extensibility of the dough before the bubble breaks. it is indicated by the length of the curve. AlvL Dough Alveograph value L Dough alveograph value L TllrGW Measurement The weight of the grain taken per tiller. Flour falling number The falling number is defined as the time in seconds required stirring and allowing stirrer to fall a measured distance through a hot aqueous flour or meal gel undergoing liquefaction due to a-amylase activity. Falling number FlrFN Flour TTB Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. infertile tiller/m Nitrogen content of the above ground biomass. Plant BMNitr Above ground biomass nitrogen content Nitrogen content Heading time Heading time Hd Plant Heading time extends from the time of emergence of the tip of the spike from the flag leaf sheath to when the spike has completely emerged but has not yet started to flower. Grain yield production rate Grain yield production rate. Grain Yield production rate GYPR Awn AwnCol Color Awn color Awn color. SnodoInc Septoria nodorum blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Stagonospora nodorum (syn. Septoria glume blotch) (Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude (syn. Stagonospora nodorum). Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Plant Septoria nodorum blotch incidence ml/% Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll b Chlorophyll content LeafPSSRb Leaf PlntStnd Plant Stand Plant stand Plant population or plant density. cm2 Karnal bunt incidence Karnal bunt incidence Karnal bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia indica (syn. Neovossia indica). Spike TindiInc Standard method for spectral reflectance. RNDVI Measurement GYellBer Measurement Standard method for yellow berry incidence. Maximal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. FmDL Leaf Maximal fluorescence intensity Leaf maximal fluorescence intensity day Peduncle pubescence density Peduncle Pubescence density Peduncle hairiness density. PedPubDen Normalized water index 1 Canopy Normalized water index 1 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). NWI1 Canopy normalized water index 1 SDS sedimentation volume FlrSDS Testing of refined flour quality by sds-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. Flour SDS sedimentation Flour WMFlrYellPig Measurement Standard method for whole meal flour yellow pigment. 0-9 AnthExt Stem rust (black rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Plant Stem rust severity PgramSev Stem rust severity GFP days Computation Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. Grain GWid Grain width Width of whole grain. Width mm Relative spike weight is calculated by dividing spike weight (at maturity) from infected by the non-infected. FHBSpkWt Computation µmol CO2/m2/s TllrCapacity Estimation Standard method for tillering capacity. 1-3 SIZE scale Whole meal flour Whole meal flour SDS sedimentation WMFlrSDS Testing of whole-meal flour quality by SDS-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. SDS-sedimentation volume L value The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R700 nm wavelength. LeafR750R700 Leaf spectral reflectance 750/700 nm Spectral reflectance Leaf Semolina The semolina color. Semolina color Color SemoCol Normalized water index 2 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Canopy normalized water index 2 Canopy NWI2 Normalized water index 2 WMFlrFN Indication of the amount of sprout damage that has occurred within a wheat sample. falling number value of 350 seconds or longer indicates a low enzyme activity and very sound wheat quality. as the amount of enzyme activity increases, the falling number decreases. Values below 200 seconds indicate high levels of enzyme activity. Whole meal flour falling number Falling number Whole meal flour Flour Glutenin Glu-D1 composition High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d1. GluD1 Glutenin Glu-D1 composition Standard method for stem diameter. StmDia Measurement Tiller number TN Tiller number Tiller Number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per unit area, sample or plant. LRollSev Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Rolling severity Leaf rolling severity Leaf Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch incidence. StritInc Estimation Wheat yellow dwarf incidence in the plants caused by the agent wheat yellow dwarf virus. Barley yellow dwarf incidence Barley yellow dwarf incidence BYDInc Plant Spike partitioning index Spike SpkPI Partitioning index Spike partitioning index. StrawYield_Computation Calculated as difference between biomass and grain yield. AcdTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a low pH (acid) soil field and rate the tolerance. GVtr Estimation Standard method for seed vitreousness. TanSpotSev Tan spot severity Tan spot severity Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Leaf 1-9 TOL scale Fruiting efficiency FE Fruiting efficiency The final outcome of the floret developmental rates (determining the number of floret primordia that reach the stage of fertile florets at anthesis) and the proportion of grain set per fertile floret (the opposite to grain abortion), per unit of spike weight. Spike PstriInc Estimation Standard method for Stripe rust incidence. Grain plumpness Plumpness Grain The degree of endosperm filling. GPlump SawflyDmg Estimation Standard method for sawfly damage. BirdDmg Estimation Standard method for bird damage. Standard method for awn color. AwnCol Estimation GrwStg Zadoks Estimation Observe the growth stage or development stage (DS) of wheat plants using the Zadoks scale decimal code, based on 10 major stages, with each stage divided into sub-stages. AlTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a soil presenting aluminum toxicity and rate the tolerance. Fusarium graminearum incidence Fusarium graminearum incidence in the plants. Spike FgramInc Fusarium graminearum incidence Diameter Stem outer diameter. Stem diameter Stem StmDia Glume pubescence length Pubescence length GlmPubLng Glume pubescence length on outer side of sterile glume. Glume Double digit (00-99) FvDA Measurement Variable fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. Cookie CookSdF The ratio between average height and width of cookies. Cookie spread factor Spread factor Adult plants rust field response Estimation Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to leaf/stem/stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the following scale: 0-No visible infection. R-Resistant, necrotic areas with or without small pustules. MR-Moderately Resistant, small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas. M-Intermediate, pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis. MS-Moderately Susceptible, medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible. S-Susceptible, large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis. Leaf Leaf spectral reflectance 750/550 nm The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R550 nm wavelength. Spectral reflectance LeafR750R700 Canopy spectral reflectance Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FoLA Measurement joules Leaf PstriInc Stripe rust incidence Stripe rust incidence Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. 0-9 DAMAGE scale CropGrwRate Computation Standard method for crop growth rate. Dough G stands for the square root of the volume of air in the bubble that was possible before the bubble burst. shows how flexible the dough was during the test. Alveograph value G Dough alveograph value G AlvG Number Spike Spike number Number of spikes (fertile culms) per unit area, sample or plant. SN GLng Length Length of whole grain. Grain Grain length Canopy Normalized water index 3 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). NWI3 Normalized water index 3 Canopy normalized water index 3 Alveograph value W AlvW Dough strength by alveograph. W value is the area under the curve. it is a combination of dough strength (p value) and extensibility (l value). Dough alveograph value W Dough Grain vitreousness Vitreousness GVtr Grain One of the key quality parameters in the determination of durum quality referring to translucent or glass-like appearance when seeds are transversely sectioned and observed whether not vitreous/partly vitreous/vitreous. it is associated with high protein and hard grain. PedGlau Glaucousness Peduncle Glaucousness in peduncle. Peduncle glaucousness 1. A sample of 35 grams of flour on a 14 percent moisture basis is weighed and placed in a mixograph bowl, 2. Water is added to the flour from a buret and the bowl is inserted into the mixograph, 3. The flour and water are mixed together to form a dough, 4. As the dough is mixed, the mixograph records a curve on graph paper. MIXOGRAPH determination AACC 54-40 A Leaf LeafThk Leaf thickness Measurement of leaf thickness. Thickness Standard method for straw yield. StrawYld Estimation Leaf Variable fluorescence measured in the leaf. Leaf variable fluorescence FvLA Variable fluorescence mmol H2O/m2/s HeatTol Heat tolerance Plant Heat tolerance Plant tolerance to heat conditions. Gfibre Content of fibre (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain Grain fibre content Fibre content StritResp Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch response. PgramResp Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Plant Stem rust plant response Stem rust plant response SepSpResp Estimation Standard method for Septoria species response. Plant The plant damage caused by various species of aphids. AphDmg Aphid damage Aphid damage Color Color of straw. Straw Straw color StrawCol Standard method for spectral reflectance. LeafPSSRb Measurement PrecoCI Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. HNecro Estimation Some forms of spotting and necrosis result from chromosomal instability or genetic aberrations, these disorders are known as hybrid necrosis. Affected plants show differing degrees of necrosis, often associated with stunting or dwarf clumping. Hybrid necrosis usually is observed in early generation material, and affected progeny are eliminated RepP Computation Calculated as time between double ridge (approx. DS14) and anthesis (DS65) as percentage of crop cycle duration. Plant Sharp eyespot incidence Sharp eyespot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia cerealis. Sharp eyespot incidence RcereInc Width of glume. Width GlmWid Glume Glume width Mat DS87 date Estimation Record date of physiological maturity (approx. DS87). It is estimated as when the grain reaches the maximum dry weight and the grain becomes viable. It is most easily determined in-field when 50% of the peduncles are ripe (i.e., yellow). Harvest index is expressed in percentage and can be calculated as Harvest index (%) = (Grain yield/Biomass)*100. HI Computation Root The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei. Pratylenchus thornei damage PthornDmg Pratylenchus thornei damage StritInc Septoria tritici blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Septoria tritici blotch incidence Septoria tritici blotch incidence Plant Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Flour Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a3. GluA3 Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Grain yield Amount (weight) of grains that was harvested. GY Yield Grain TanSpotInc Tan spot incidence Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Leaf Tan spot incidence index Cold tolerance Plant tolerance to lower temperatures than the optimum. ColdTol Cold tolerance Plant StrawStn Straw strength Strength Strength of straw. Straw LeafPI Computation Leaf Lamina Coefficient = Lamina DM measured at7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf lamina is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. Glutenin Glu-A1 composition Flour Glutenin Glu-A1 composition High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a1. GluA1 Glume Glaucousness in glume. GlmGlau Glaucousness Glume glaucousness 1-8 rust field response scale NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement Standard method for grain hardness class. GHrd Measurement Winter kill damage Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Winter kill damage Plant WKill The whole meal flour color. Whole meal flour color Whole meal flour WMFlrCol Color GYellBer Yellow berry incidence Grain yellow berry incidence Grain Refers to grains showing chalky or starchy endosperm areas. Calculated as the deviation from the yield-protein linear regression. GPD Computation Thermal Time from emergence to Physiological Maturity (GS87). TTM Plant Physiological maturity thermal time Physiological maturity thermal time g/day Leaf pubescent length. LeafPubLng Leaf pubescence length Leaf Pubescence length Fusarium graminearum plant response Spike Fusarium graminearum plant response FgramResp Fusarium graminearum response in the plants. Tillering capacity TllrCapacity Tillering capacity An tillering capacity. Plant 0-4 PRECO scale Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Normalized difference vegetation index GNDVI Canopy Canopy green normalized difference vegetation index µm A small sample of flour or ground wheat (1.0 grams) is weighed and placed in 25-milliliter glass-stoppered graduated cylinder. This is mixed with different solutions for some minutes and then rested. Finally, the volume of the sediment is recorded after 21 minutes. SDS-sedimentation determination Ash content Whole meal flour Ash content in flour. Whole meal flour ash content WMFlrAsh FLeafSen Estimation Rate using a scale from 0 (0% senescence) to 10 (100% senescence) using the guide, in increments of 10%. 1-5 RELTPH scale PedLng Measurement Standard method for peduncle length. EgramInc Powdery mildew incidence Leaf Powdery mildew incidence in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Powdery mildew incidence 1-4 PRECO scale Soil borne mosaic incidence in the plants caused by the agent soilborne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv) which is vectored by Plasmodiophorid polymyxa graminis. Soil borne mosaic incidence SBMVInc Leaf Soil borne mosaic incidence Boron tolerance Plant tolerance to high levels of soil boron. BTol Plant Boron tolerance Standard method for spike disease development. SpkDis Estimation Stem NodeN Node number Node number Number of nodes in the main stem. GFP pct Computation Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. t/ha Semolina protein content Semolina Protein content in durum wheat semolina. Protein content SemoProt 0-5 FHB field response scale Leaf rust severity PrecoSev Leaf rust (brown rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust severity Leaf Standard method for spectral reflectance. LeafPSSRa Measurement Root lesion nematode damage Root The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. Root lesion nematode damage RLNDmg Gluten type is determined based on gluten properties data (flour protein content, Alveograph W, Alveograph P/L) following Peña 2011: Wheat End-use Quality types. GluTyp Estimation Leaf stomatal size StomaSiz Stomatal size Stomata size. Leaf 0-9 AWNS scale Standard method for suni pest damage. SuPDmg Estimation kg/ha Grain weight per tiller Tiller GWTTILL Grain weight per tiller. Grain weight Common root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agents Cochliobolus sativus, fusarium spp., and Pythium species. Plant RootRot Common root rot incidence Common root rot incidence Content of zinc in grain. Zinc content Grain Grain Zinc content GZinc Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spike weight Spike FHBSpkWt Fusarium head blight spike weight Spike fertility index. Dry weight of 20 randomly selected spikes at anthesis. Fruiting Efficiency= number of grains at maturity / spike dry matter at anthesis. FE Computation GCID Carbon isotope discrimination Grain Grain carbon isotope discrimination Grain carbon isotope discrimination at maturity from drought trials provides genotypic effects most likely to be related to transpiration rate or an integrative measurement of stomatal conductance. 1. A 10-gram sample of flour or ground wheat is weighed and placed into the glutomatic washing chamber on top of the polyester screen, 2. The sample is mixed and washed with a 2 percent salt solution for 5 minutes, 3. The wet gluten is removed from the washing chamber, placed in the centrifuge holder, and centrifuged, 4. The residue retained on top of the screen and through the screen is weighed. FLRGluCon Measurement RLNDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B. Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B 1-9 general scale Leaf R550 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R550. Standard method for winter survival. Wsurv Estimation Spike type Spike Shape characteristics of typical mature spikes. Type SpkTyp NDVI Canopy Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Canopy normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index GMoi Moisture content Grain moisture content Moisture content of grain. Grain 1. Extract storage proteins (glutenins/gliadins) from wheat grain, 2. Separate glutenins from gliadins, 3. Run proteins extracts in polyacrylamide gels, 4. Stain the gel and de-stain, 5. Identify the allele for each locus. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis Score the damage caused by hail. HailDmg Estimation Standard method for dwarf bunt incidence. TcontInc Estimation 1-5 GLUTYP scale Take measurements at least two times from full ground cover to the end of booting (pre-heading), and at least two times from the end of anthesis to late grainfilling (grain-filling) -with 5-7 days between each measurement to give a reasonably heritable estimate of trait expression. CT Measurement Image Analysis Screen Mass5 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.0 mm - 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. GrwHabit Estimation Observe the growth habit of wheat plants during tillering stages and rate whether erect/semi-erect/prostrate/semi-spreading/spreading tiller/m2 Standard method for root disease development. RootDis Estimation Grain Test weight TestWt Grain test weight Test weight or specific weight is the weight of a fixed volume of clean grains. The 1bl/1rs translocation in wheat resulted from replacing the short arm of the chromosome 1b of wheat by the short arm of the chromosome 1r of rye (Secale cereale l.). T1BL1RS Translocation 1BL/1RS Translocation 1BL/1RS Absence/Presence Standard method for glume pubescence density. GlmPubDen Estimation InsectDmg Estimation Standard method for insect damage. Flag leaf lamina width FLeafLWid Width of flag leaf lamina. Flag leaf lamina Width Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light. Asat Leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis Light-saturated net photosynthesis Leaf Image Analysis Screen Count4 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.2 ? 2.0 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. spike/m2 Shattering Spike Shattering Spike shattering Observation of grains dehiscence from spike at maturity. 1-5 GHABIT scale Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until physiological maturity (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTM Computation Leaf width Width of leaf. Width LeafWid Leaf Tolerance of grain to sprout when in the spike. SproutTol Grain Sprouting tolerance Sprouting tolerance Standard method for net blotch incidence. HtereInc Estimation GWid Measurement Standard method for whole grain width. %/min Standard method for straw strength. StrawStn Estimation NUE Grain The grain dry mass (grain yield) production per Nitrogen available to a plant. Nitrogen use efficiency Nitrogen Use Efficiency Plant The fraction of Nitrogen recovered in the harvested grain as a function of the total Nitrogen taken up. Nitrogen harvest index NHI Nitrogen harvest index Standard method for whole meal flour falling number. WMFlrFN Measurement Neck break Observation of spike break from the base of head. NeckBreak Peduncle neck break Peduncle FlrYellCls Flour yellowness Yellowness Flour Flour yellowness. Tan spot plant response TanSpotResp Tan spot plant response Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Leaf StmWallThk Measurement Standard method for stem wall thickness. Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Asat Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R675. Leaf R675 Measurement Number of days from sowing to the seedling emergence (DS10). Emer DS10 days Computation StomaRes Measurement Standard method for stomatal resistance. NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement 0-12 Modified Cobb Scale Standard method for coleoptile length. ColeopLng Measurement FHBSplInc Counting Standard method for FHB infected spikelets counting. Grain protein deviation Grain Protein Deviation Deviation from the grain yield -grain protein linear regression. Plant GPD 1-4 HRDCLS scale Plant damage caused by hail. Plant Hail damage HailDmg Hail damage Number of days required from sowing to physiological maturity (approx. DS87). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Mat DS87 DT Computation m Standard method for leaf thickness. LeafThk Measurement Flour Gluten content Content of wet gluten in flour. FLRGluCon Flour gluten content Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains greater than 2.8 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass1 Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia laevis (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). Spike Tilletia laevis bunt incidence Tilletia laevis bunt incidence TlaevInc s 1-5 density scale Standard method for leaf rolling severity. LRollSev Estimation Biomass partitioning to grain A ratio of grain yield to total above ground biomass. Plant Harvest index HI Plant The plant damage caused by sawfly, Cephus cinctus. Sawfly damage SawflyDmg Sawfly damage Standard method for Fusarium graminearum severity. FgramSev Estimation Temperature The surface temperature of the canopy is related to the amount of transpiration resulting in evaporative cooling. Canopy Canopy temperature CT Plant SrolfResp Southern blight plant response Southern blight response in the plants caused by the agent Corticum rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii). Southern blight plant response FLeafSen Flag leaf senescence Senescence Flag leaf Flag leaf senescence. NIR calibrated NIRS Starch Measurement Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Chlorophyll content Leaf chlorophyll content Leaf Chl Standard method for scoring tan spot response in adult plants. TanSpotResp Estimation Standard method for stem solidness. StmSol Estimation Septoria blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Septoria blotch incidence SepSPInc Septoria blotch incidence Leaf Number of days from sowing to booting stage (DS45). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Boot DS45 DT Computation Canopy Radiation Use Efficiency Radiation use efficiency RUE_T The amount of biomass produced per unit of intercepted solar radiation. PhiCO2 Quantum yield of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation. Quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Leaf quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Leaf Stem solidness Solidness of stem. StmSol Stem Solidness Stem water soluble carbohydrate StmWSC Water soluble carbohydrate content Water soluble carbohydrates accumulate up to and around anthesis and are partitioned to the stem, from where they are later available as a reservoir for remobilization to the developing grains. These reserves are an important source of carbon for grain filling. Stem Biomass Nitrogen utilization efficiency BMNUtE Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency Biomass Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency as the biomass in relation to the total amount of N in above-ground plant at harvest. Plant g Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a light adapted leaf. FvLAFmLA measurement HgramInc Estimation Standard method for Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence. Dough MixTim Time required for the dough development from beginning of mixing flour and water to the dough reaches maximum consistency (peak). Mixograph mixing time Dough Mixograph mixing time Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Grain Fusarium head blight grain incidence FHBGInc Fusarium head blight grain incidence Leaf R750/R700 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/700. Stem rust notes Stem rust notes Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. PgramNote Plant Grain weight Grain weight usually expressed as weight of single, one hundred, two hundred or thousand grains. Weight GW Grain Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.8 ? 2.5 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count2 Alveograph P/G Dough alveograph P/G Dough AlvPG It is the p/g ratio. grain/m2 SpkDW Computation Standard spike dry weight method. Grain Proportion of small grain passing through a sieve. Grain screenings GScreen Screenings proportion Spike density Spike Density or compactness of a wheat spike. SpkDen Density plant/m The plant damage caused by snails. SnailDmg Snail damage Plant Snail damage Common bunt incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TilSpSpkInc Estimation Canopy Photochemical reflectance index PRI Photochemical reflectance index is correlated with the de-epoxidation stage of the xanthophylls cycle, with zeaxanthin, and with radiation-use efficiency (filella et al., 1996). higher pri values indicate greater efficiency. Canopy photochemical reflectance index FrostDmg Estimation Score the damage caused by frost per plot. 0-1 absent-present CiCa Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. GW Measurement Booting thermal time TTB Plant Thermal Time from emergence to Booting (GS45). Booting thermal time 1-3 STDEST scale TTA Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until anthesis (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. 1-5 Septoria response scale Spot blotch severity Spot blotch severity HsatiLSev Leaf Spot blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (Helminthosporium sativum). Standard method for awn presence estimation. Awns Presence Severity of rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Rust severity Estimation RUET Computation Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. Standard method for eye spot field response. PherpResp Estimation FND First node detectable time First node detectable time First node detectable time is when the stem starts the elongation or jointing period, first node becomes visible as it appears above the soil surface. Plant Hybrid necrosis incidence HNecro Plant Observation of hybrid necrosis. Plant hybrid necrosis incidence SepSPInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria species incidence. SGNDmg Estimation Distorted leaves and stems are evident prior to heading. As diseased plants approach maturity, galls are formed in the florets, replacing the kernels. The galls are similar in shape to the seed they replace and are dark brown in color. Large numbers of motile larvae are present within the galls and become active after the galls have been moistened. These nematodes can act as vectors of Clavibacter tritici. Observe winterkill of plants per plot and rate it. WKill Estimation Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection PhordCI Barley leaf rust incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Leaf Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection Standard method for glume length. GlmLng Measurement Notes taken in the field. Note Estimation Calculated as the index (ratio) of infected spikelets over total number of spikelets by Calonectria nivalis (Fusarium nivale, F. graminearum) causing scab disease in spike. FHBSplInc Computation Net blotch incidence HtereInc Net blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (helminthosporium teres). Leaf Net blotch incidence Leaf The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R550 nm wavelength. Spectral reflectance LeafR550 Leaf spectral reflectance 550 nm Standard method for wheat blast severity. MgrisSev Estimation g/plot Plant vegetative period Vegetative period VgP Time period between emergence (ds10) and first node detectable (ds31). Plant GMoi Estimation Moisture content is determined by drying a grain wheat sample in an air oven and comparing the weight of the sample before and after heating. The amount of weight loss is the moisture content. Moisture content results are expressed as a percentage. Mixograph type (mixograph curve) is used for determining the strength of dough. Mixograph type MixTyp Dough mixograph type Dough tiller/m AlvIe Dough Dough alveograph extensibility index It is the extensibility index of the dough. (p200/p)*100, p200: pressure (p) at 4 cm (l= 40mm) of the curve. Alveograph extensibility index 1-3 GRNCOL scale SrolfResp Estimation Standard method for southern blight response. DR DT Computation Number of days from sowing to double ridge (DS14-15 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. PrecoNote Leaf rust notes Leaf Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust notes Grain protein content GProt Protein content Grain Content of protein (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Standard method for Barley leaf rust incidence. PhordInc Estimation Area Area of the flag leaf lamina. FLeafA Flag leaf Flag leaf area UagroResp Estimation Standard method for flag smut field response. Standard method for ground cover at 5 leaves stage. GrndCov Measurement (GS15) ForgDM Forage dry matter. Forage dry matter Plant Forage dry matter Double digit Estimation The method was improved by using two digits, representing the vertical disease progress and an estimate of severity. The first digit gives the relative height of the disease using the original 0-9 Saari-Prescott scale as a measure. The second digit shows the disease severity as a percentage but in terms of 0-9. Because it is difficult to evaluate diseases on dead leaves, disease notes should be taken when at least four leaves are still alive and green (soft to mid-dough growth stage). Then visually evaluate the average percentage severity on only those leaves of the uppermost four that are infected. In practice, the percent severity is estimated on an overall score. The following format is used for scoring severity: 10% coverage = 1, 20% coverage = 2, 30% coverage = 3, 40% coverage = 4, 50% coverage = 5, 60% coverage = 6, 70% coverage = 7, 80% coverage = 8, 90% coverage = 9. The score of 10 is not used. Septoria tritici blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. StritResp Plant Septoria tritici blotch plant response Septoria tritici blotch plant response Standard method for powdery mildew incidence. EgramInc Estimation Reproductive period Time between double ridge (approx. ds14) and anthesis (ds65). RepP Plant Reproductive period Standard method for In-season aboveground biomass. ISBM Estimation Detect in the SDS-PAGE gel the presence of some protein bands from rye chromosome translocation. SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis (1BL1RS) 0-8 Rust infection type STRNUp Computation Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the straw at harvest. Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat GrwCls Estimation Modified cobb scale for severity Severity of leaf/stem/stripe rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Barley scald severity Plant RsecaSev Barley scald severity Barley scald severity in the plants caused by the agent Rhynchosporium secalis. Rapid spike growth period. RSpkGP Canopy Rapid spike growth period Grain Filling duration Length of stem. Stem length Length Stem StmLng Standard method for grain zinc content. GZinc Measurement Growth habit Plant GrwHabit The growth habit of the plant whether erect/semi-erect/semi-spreading/spreading/prostrate. Plant growth habit FHBSpkResp Estimation Standard method for FHB spike response. Proceed following the protocol for sampling of grains or leaves for CID in Chapter 6 in Pask et al., 2012. Mass spectrometers generate differential values of stable carbon isotope composition (?13C), expressed negative values in parts per thousand (?) (Farquhar et al., 1989): ?13C (?) = [(Rsample/Rstandard)?1] × 1000. Where: the ratio of heavy to light isotope (R = 13C/12C) for the sample is in comparison to Peedee Belemnite (PDB) carbonate (limestone) standard. Following Farquhar et al. (1989) ? rather than using carbon isotope composition values (?13C), positive values for CID (?13C) can be calculated for easier statistical analysis as: ?13C = [(?a-?p)]/[1 + (?p/1000)] CID determination A vegetation index related with canopy structure, light absorption and photosynthetic capacity. SR Canopy Simple ratio Canopy simple ratio Standard method for grain iron content. GIron Measurement Spectral reflectance Leaf spectral reflectance 675 nm LeafR675 The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R675 nm wavelength. Leaf Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.0 ? 1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count5 RSpkGP Computation Phase period where the spike growth the most regarding the whole crop cycle and can be calculated as (anthesis date-initiation of booting date)/days to maturity *100. ETR Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. NIRS Fibre Measurement NIR calibrated LeafPSSRa Leaf Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-a. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll a Standard method for test weight. AACC 55-10 or SeedCount management procedure GYFac Computation Standard method for yield factor Standard method for Spot blotch incidence. HsatiLInc Estimation TcontInc Spike Dwarf bunt incidence Dwarf bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia controversa. Dwarf bunt incidence min BMPR Computation Calculated with final biomass obtained /days to maturity. Standard method for Fusarium wilt incidence. FoxiWilt Estimation Calculate area under disease progress curve. FHBAUDPC Computation ISBM Measurement Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. FND DS31 date Estimation Record date of first node detectable (DS31). It is easier to determine in the field than DS30. It is estimated in-field as the day at which the first node can be detected at approximately 1 cm above the tillering node. The observation is performed in the main tiller. PhiPS2 Measurement Standard method for fluorescence measurement. 1-5 incidence scale 1-6 Phenological relative scale Seedling Tan spot seedling response TanSpotSdlgResp Tan spot seedling response Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. PhordInc Leaf Barley leaf rust incidence Barley leaf rust incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Barley leaf rust incidence Leaf Alternaria leaf blight plant response Alternaria leaf blight plant response AtritResp Alternaria leaf blight response in the plants caused by the agent Alternaria triticina. scale_of Proportion of flour recovered during milling. Flour Flour yield Yield FlrYld g/100 grain Grain number (GNO) as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. GNO determines the sink size of the crop and under many conditions it is strongly correlated with yield. Grains/m2 (GNO) = yield (g/m2) / TGW (g) × 1000. GN Computation The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ?chlorophyll concentration index? (CCI, ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on the flag leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles. Chl Measurement Color Color observation on the outer glume at maturity. Glume color GlmCol Glume GrnSpk Computation The number of grains per spike can be measured independently by threshing a known number of randomly selected spikes per plot (10-20 spikes per plot) or can be calculated as: Grains per spike (GSP) = grains m2 / spikes m2. Length of coleoptile (a protective sheath that surrounds the shoot tip and the embryonic leaves of the young shoot of grasses). ColeopLng Coleoptile length Coleoptile Length VgP Computation Calculated as time between emergence (DS10) and first node detectable (DS31) as percentage of crop cycle duration. 0-5 percentage scale Content of starch (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain starch content Gstarch Starch content Grain Leaf Light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light and CO2. Amax Leaf light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Seedling rust field response Estimation Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. Grain number per tiller Grain number Number of grains per tiller. GRATIL Tiller Peduncle PedLng Peduncle length Length of peduncle. Length degree C day PhiCO2 Measurement Standard method for gas exchange measurement. Standard method for barley yellow dwarf incidence. BYDInc Estimation AtritResp Estimation Standard method for Alternaria leaf blight field response. 1-5 LRoll scale Standard method for stem length. StmLng Measurement ALVEOGRAPH determination AACC 54-30 A 1. A sample of 60 grams or 250 grams of flour is mixed with a salt solution to form a dough. 2. The dough is sheeted, rested and inflated in the Chopin Alveograph, 2. Five 4.5 centimeter circular dough patties are formed and then rested in the alveograph in a temperature-regulated compartment at 25 degrees Celsius for approximately 20 minutes, 3. Each dough patty is tested individually. The alveograph blows air into a dough patty, which expands into a bubble that eventually breaks, 4. The pressure inside the bubble is recorded as a curve on graph paper. The alveograph determines the gluten strength of a dough by measuring the force required to blow and break a bubble of dough. The results include P Value, L Value, and W Value. Russian wheat aphid damage Russian wheat aphid damage Plant DnoxiDmg The plant damage caused by Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxis. MgrisSev Wheat blast severity in the spikes caused by the agent Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: It can infect all above-ground parts of the wheat plant, but head blast, resembling Fusarium head blight in appearance, is the most common symptom in the field. Infected spikes become bleached and produce small shriveled seed or none at all. Wheat blast severity Spike Wheat blast severity Fusarium wilt incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium oxysporum. Fusarium wilt incidence Plant FoxiWilt Fusarium wilt incidence plant/ha ppm GAmyloPec Measurement Standard method for grain amylopectin content. Standard method for sterility index computation. SpkSterility Computation SpkLng Length Spike Length of spike. Spike length Normalized pheophytinization index can be used to detect chlorophyll degradation. NPQI Canopy normalized pheophytinization index Normalized pheophytinization index Canopy stoma/mm2 Number of stomata counted per unit area on the leaf surface. Stomatal frequency Leaf stomatal frequency StomaFrq Leaf FHBDON Fusarium head blight DON content Fusarium head blight DON content Content of deoxynivalenol or don (vomitoxin) that is often associated with fhb (fusarium spp.) infected grains. Grain SGNDmg Plant The wheat seed-gall nematode damage caused by Anguina tritici. Seed gall nematode damage Seed gall nematode damage Standard method for tan spot incidence in adult plants. TanSpotInc Estimation Anthesis time Anthesis time Anthesis or flowering time is the period during which a flower is fully open and functional. pollination and fertilization occur during this period. Plant Ant Wsurv Ability to survive or withstand cold temperatures in the late fall, winter, or early spring. Winter survival Winter survival Plant Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf Leaf rust plant response PrecoResp Leaf rust plant response Heading thermal time Heading thermal time Plant Thermal Time from emergence to Heading (GS55). TTH Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FmLA Measurement LeafPubDen Leaf hairiness density. Pubescence density Leaf pubescence density Leaf FHBAUDPC Fusarium head blight AUDPC Fusarium head blight AUDPC Spike Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Standard method for Fusarium graminearum incidence. FgramInc Estimation PhordSev Barley leaf rust severity Barley leaf rust severity Leaf Barley leaf rust severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. 1-5 Phenological relative scale Water index WI Canopy water index Water index use reflectance at 970 nm as a wavelength sensitive to water content, while reflectance at 900 nm is taken as a reference which is similarly affected by canopy and leaf structures but with null absorption by water. Canopy Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Fs Measurement TtritInc Tilletia tritici bunt incidence Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia tritici (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). Spike Tilletia tritici bunt incidence 1-9 scoring scale SplN Counting Both the total number of spikelets and the number of fertile spikelets (i.e., those containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. When sampling large numbers of samples or plots, time may be saved by randomly counting one side of the spike and multiplying by two. RARSa Rarsa is an estimation of chlorophyll a content. Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a Canopy Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a CrmStr Estimation Standard method for crumb structure. 1-6 MIXTYP scale Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust plant response Leaf Stripe rust plant response PstriResp Growth stage GrwStg Growth/developmental stages based on Zadoks decimal code. Growth stage Plant g/1000 grain Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the grain at harvest. GNUp Computation RootDis Root Root disease development The plant damage caused by root diseases. Root disease development Germ Proportion of seed that germinate under proper condition. Grain Grain germination Germination RsecaSev Estimation Standard method for barley scald blight severity. Length Rachis Length of rachis. Rachis length RachLng HgramInc Leaf Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Barley helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence in the plants caused by the agent Drechslera graminea (helminthosporium gramineum). ErlVig Estimation Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. 0-9 percentage scale Tilletia laevis incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TlaevInc Estimation GPlump Estimation Standard method for grain plumpness. Spike Fusarium graminearum severity in the plants. FgramSev Fusarium graminearum severity Fusarium graminearum severity ArmyWDmg Estimation Standard method for armyworm damage. Leaf Bacterial leaf streak severity Bacterial leaf streak severity Bacterial leaf streak severity in the plants caused by the agent Xanthomonas translucens. The disease, called black chaff when on the glumes. BLSSev AlvPL Alveograph P/L Ratio of tenacity (p, maximum pressure required for the deformation of the sample) and extensibility (l, length of the curve) of dough. Dough alveograph P/L Dough Rhizoctonia root rot incidence Rhizoctonia root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia solani. Plant RsolaInc Rhizoctonia root rot incidence Grain BlkPtInc Black point incidence Black point incidence in the plants caused by the fungal species such as Helminthosporium sativum (Cochliobolus sativus), Alternaria alternata and fusarium spp. also black point symptoms are associated to physiological disorders. Black point incidence StomaCond Leaf Leaf stomatal conductance Stomatal conductance Rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide through the stomata. plant/plot 1-5 TANSPOT field response scale The weight of the grain harvested is registered on a scale, decide which method suit better for your objectives. In breeding trials, a sample area (rather than the whole plot) is generally used for estimating yield. Discard borders when combine harvest for a better estimation of yield. GY Measurement Measurement of plant emergence and vigor in the field. StdEst Plant Establish Stand establishment Number of grains per spikelet. GrnSpl Spikelet Grain number per spikelet Grain number Estimate of the area lodged in the sampled plot. Lodg Estimation HerbicideDmg Estimation Standard method for herbicide damage. Threshblty Threshability (ease to thresh) is a score where several spike-related traits such as rachis fragility (brittle or non-brittle rachis) and glume tenacity (hulled or free-threshing). Spike threshability Spike Threshability Calculated from shoots sampled seven days after anthesis and SPI is expressed as a ratio and can be calculated as SPI= (dry weight of spikes at anthesis+7/dry weight of the whole plants (shoots) at anthesis+7). SpkPI Computation 1-3 HRDCLS scale Grain filling period thermal time Plant Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87) in thermal time. Grain filling period thermal time GFPTT Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the MCNEAL scale. Field response McNEAL Estimation degree C RARSb Rarsb is an estimation of chlorophyll b content. Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Canopy Acid soil tolerance Plant tolerance to acid soil. Plant AcdTol Acid soil tolerance Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with chemical method Antrone. StmWSC Atrone Measurement Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriSev Leaf Stripe rust severity Stripe rust severity GCol Color Grain color Grain Grain color. Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. PlntVig Estimation Hd DS55 days Computation Number of days required from sowing to spike emergence from the flag leaf (DS55). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. For agronomic score observe visually detectable signs of factors limiting yields and rate. AgrScr Estimation Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Leaf intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Leaf CiCa Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio. Stay green StayGreen Canopy Canopy stay green Ability of the plant to remain/maintain green leaves, stems and spikes at the time of senescing. ErlVig Plant Capacity of a seedling or plant to grow vegetatively in early stages of development. Plant early vigour Early vigour text Standard method for glume glaucousness. GlmGlau Estimation Straw breakage Amount of straw breakage. StrawBreak Straw Breakage Dough mixograph torque Mixograph torque MixTq It is the torque measured during the mixograph test. Dough Standard method for soil borne mosaic virus incidence. SBMVInc Estimation Plant Eye spot response in the plants caused by the fungal species Tapesia yallundae (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoide w-type) and Tapesia acuformis (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides r-type). Symptoms: the eye shape elliptical lesions forms on lower base of stem and lower leaf sheath. The eyespots are straw yellow in color from the middle and are surrounded by the greenish brown to dark brown rings. Eyespot plant response PherpResp Eyespot plant response Phosphorous content GPhos Grain phosphorous content Content of phosphorus in grain. Grain Dough alveograph value P AlvP Dough Alveograph value P P value is the force required to blow the bubble of dough. it is indicated by the maximum height of the curve. Fusarium head blight spike incidence Spike FHBSpkInc Fusarium head blight spike incidence Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in spikes caused by the agent fusarium spp. Structural independent pigment index SIPI Canopy Canopy structural independent pigment index Structural independent pigment index uses wavelengths showing the best semi-empirical estimation of the carotenoid chlorophyll a ratio (car:chla ratio), and its formulation minimizes the disrupting effects of leaf surface and mesophyll structure. Calculated as the grain yield divided by the total soil Nitrogen. NUE Computation Leaf Leaf rust incidence Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. PrecoInc Leaf rust incidence Plant GFRTT Grain fill rate thermal time Grain fill rate thermal time Grain weight increase per degree day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Standard method for grain color. GCol Estimation Canopy Canopy red normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. RNDVI Normalized difference vegetation index Standard method for node number. NodeN Counting Number of infertile spikelet per spike. Spike Number InfertSpkN Infertile spike number GReten Measurement Measured as weight by percentage of all matter remaining above a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots. Anther extrusion Anther Extrusion of anthers. Anther extrusion AnthExt StrawCol Estimation Standard method for straw color. Septoria blotch severity Septoria blotch severity Leaf Septoria blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. SepSpSev Plant It is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies and defined as the leaf area per unit ground surface area. Leaf area index LAI Leaf area index FlrFN Measurement 1. A 7-gram sample of ground wheat or flour is weighed and combined with 25 milliliter of distilled water in a glass falling number tube with a stirrer and shaken to form a slurry. When grinding a wheat sample to perform a falling number test, it should be at least 300 grams to assure a representative sample, 2. As the slurry is heated in a boiling water bath at 100° Centigrade and stirred constantly, the starch gelatinizes and forms a thick paste, 3. The time it takes the stirrer to drop through the paste is recorded as the falling number value. Whole-grain Nitrogen content. GNitr Nitrogen content Grain Grain Nitrogen content yyyymmdd Spike SpkGW Grain weight per spike. Grain weight per spike Grain weight Plant Growth class GrwCls Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat. Growth class Record date of when 50% of seedlings have emerged (DS10). Emer DS10 date Estimation spike/m Nute Computation Calculated as grain yield per unit of Nitrogen taken up. Suni pest damage The plant damage caused by suni pest (Eurygaster spp., sunn pest, suni bug). SuPDmg Suni pest damage Plant Leaf Specific leaf area Specific leaf area A ratio of the leaf area to dry mass. SLA Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency BMNUpE N-uptake efficiency as the total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground plant at harvest in relation to the available Nitrogen in soil. Plant Nitrogen uptake efficiency Leaf R750/R550 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/R550. PlntVig Plant Plant vigour Capacity of the plant to grow. Vigour WMFlrYellPig Whole meal flour yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Whole meal flour yellow pigment content Yellow pigment content Whole meal flour StmWSC NIR Measurement Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with NIRs. Image Analysis Screen Mass2 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.8 mm - 2.5 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. FHBDON Measurement Standard method for content of deoxynivalenol or DON (vomitoxin) that is often associated with FHB (Fusarium spp.) infected grains. infertile tiller/m2 1-3 STMSOL scale Amylopectin content GAmyloPec Content of amylopectin in grain. Grain amylopectin content Grain Phenotypic acceptability Plant AgrScr Rating of overall agronomic attributes and health of plants. Agronomic score Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at temperature lower than the optimum temperature and rate the tolerance. ColdTol Estimation STRNUp Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole above ground straw. Straw Nitrogen uptake Nitrogen uptake Straw Stripe rust spike severity Spike PstriSpkSev Stripe rust spike severity Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Leaf rust seedling response PrecoSdlgResp Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Seedling Leaf rust seedling response PrecoInc Estimation Standard method for leaf rust incidence. g/m2 Baking quality of flour describing bread loaf volume. LofVol Loaf volume Bread Bread loaf volume Image Analysis Screen Count1 Standard method for screening grain size distribution >2.8 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R)machine. GrnTllr Computation Count the total number of grains per tiller. Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a dark adapted leaf. FvDAFmLA measurement Protein content Flour protein content Flour Total protein content (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in refined flour. FlrProt Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. ISBM Computation BLBSev Estimation Standard method for wheat bacterial leaf blight severity. Number of grains per spike. GrnSpk Grain number per spike Spike Grain number DroughtTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under droughted condition and rate the tolerance. Cereal cyst nematodes are more readily detected on seedlings than on adult plants. The roots of infested plants develop frequent branches and swellings (cysts). HavenDmg Estimation Standard method for neck break. NeckBreak Estimation BMNUp Computation Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground biomass at harvest. TSPI Computation True Stem Coefficient = True stem DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of true stem is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. PnegleDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. Standard method for whole grain thickness. GThk Measurement FLeafLWid Measurement Standard method for flag leaf lamina width. Leaf Incidence of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Rolling incidence LRollInc Leaf rolling incidence Plant Aboveground biomass at maturity Aboveground biomass at maturity All above-ground biomass at maturity. BM PhotopResp Estimation Observe the tendency of flowering according day-length Standard method for leaf pubescence density. LeafPubDen Estimation Standard method for rodent damage. RodentDmg Estimation g/200 grain Mat DS87 relative Estimation Assessment of physiological maturity (approx. DS87) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Leaf Sheath Coefficient = Leaf Sheath DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf sheath is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. LeafSPI Computation Calculated from yield components sampling. SN Computation Shattering Estimation Standard method for spike shattering. Flour Flour color. Color FlrCol Flour color Flag leaf lamina length Length Flag leaf lamina FLeafLLng Length of flag leaf lamina. GgtriInc Plant Take all incidence Take-all incidence in the plants caused by the agent Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt). Take all incidence ?mol/m2/s Spike Loose smut incidence in the plants caused by ustilago tritici. Loose smut incidence Loose smut incidence UtritInc Plant SaltTol Salinity tolerance Plant tolerance to soil salinity. Salinity tolerance Grain hardness is used as a grading factor to determine the type of wheat. It is a key determinant for classification of wheat and end product quality. Hardness Grain GHrd Grain hardness Length of glume. Length Glume GlmLng Glume length Leaf Net blotch severity Net blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (Helminthosporium teres). HtereSev Net blotch severity HesFlyDmg Estimation Standard method for hessian fly damage. Bacterial leaf blight severity Leaf Bacterial leaf blight severity Wheat bacterial leaf blight severity in the plants caused by the agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. symptoms: small (less than 0.04 inches) water-soaked lesions expand and eventually coalesce. initial lesions become necrotic and turn from gray-green to tan-white. Entire leaves may become necrotic, but heads and glumes are typically symptomless. BLBSev Barley stripe mosaic incidence Barley stripe mosaic incidence in the plants caused by barley stripe mosaic virus. BSMV Plant Barley stripe mosaic incidence Calculated as above ground biomass Nitrogen content divided by soil Nitrogen NupE Computation STRNitr Nitrogen content Straw Nitrogen content Nitrogen content of the above ground straw biomass. Straw TTIB Booting initiation thermal time Plant Initiation of Booting thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Initiation of Booting (GS41). Sampling for water soluble carbohydrate is often combined with in-season biomass sampling and partitioning. Ensure to plan sampling approach carefully to allow for maximal data collection/economy of sampling (e.g., data on partitioning weights can be collected on the same 20 culm sample). The leaf lamina and/or leaf sheath may also be analyzed for WSC separately, or not removed from the stem for ?whole stem? analysis. Lab analysis is performed by NIR or wet chemical method. StmWSC Measurement Standard method for forage dry matter. ForgDM Estimation Counting the number of plant per area or row. PlntStnd Counting Spike Common bunt (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia species. Common bunt spike incidence Common bunt spike incidence TilSpSpkInc SnodoInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria nodorum blotch incidence g/m2/day CTD Computation Standard method for canopy temperature depression. CookSdF Measurement Standard method for cookie spread factor. Image Analysis Screen Count6 Standard method for screening grain size distribution <1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Aboveground biomass In-season ISBM All above-ground biomass at any developmental stage and/or at regular intervals from the emergence to physiological maturity. In-season aboveground biomass Plant Leaf Leaf stomatal resistance Stomatal resistance Resistance to diffusion of water vapor through a plant stomata. StomaRes GrnSpl Computation Sample as for spikelets per spike randomly select 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the spikelets, thresh, count grains, and calculate, or less accurately simply calculate from calculated grains per spike and measured spikelet number. Score a relative plant height to local check using 1-5 scale where 3 is used for the local check (1 = short, 5 = tall). Assessment of plant height compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. PH Estimation Image Analysis Screen Mass4 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.2 mm - 2.0 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Standard method for glume width. GlmWid Measurement 1-3 GRNPLUMP scale Image Analysis Screen Count3 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.5 ? 2.2 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. 0-5 TANSPOT field response scale Black point incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of grain with black point symptoms. BlkPtInc Estimation GFPTT Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. SplN Number of spikelets per spike. Spikelet Spikelet number Number Double ridge time is just when apex changes from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. DRidge Double ridge time Plant Double ridge time Leaf net photosynthesis rate Leaf Carbon fixation by photosynthesis. Anet Net photosynthesis rate Observation of awn type whether awnless/awnletted (short awns)/awned (conspicious awns). Awnedness Spike Spike awnedness Awns HtereSev Estimation Standard method for net blotch severity. GlmPubLng Measurement Standard method for glume pubescence length. The plant damage caused by worms. Plant Worm damage WormDmg Worm damage The response of a cultivar or genotype is expressed on a score 1-9, where 1= highly susceptible and 9 = highly tolerant, based on the extent of bronze colored necrosis of leaf tips extending down the leaf margins BTol Estimation 1-5 TOL scale Standard method for karnal bunt incidence. TindiInc Estimation RARSc Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Rarsc is an estimation of carotenoid content. Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Canopy Dry weight of spike(s). SpkDW Spike dry weight Spike dry weight Spike Grain Grain Iron content Iron content Content of iron in grain. GIron 1-9 SPKDEN scale StritSev Septoria tritici blotch severity Plant Septoria tritici blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Septoria tritici blotch severity Standard method for grain lysine content. GLys Measurement Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration. Ci Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Leaf Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Standard method for stomatal frequency. StomaFrq Counting AphDmg Estimation Standard method for aphid damage. GrndCov Plant Ground cover Crop ground cover Crop ground cover, or the percentage of soil surface covered by plant foliage. Rodent damage RodentDmg Rodent damage Plant The plant damage caused by rodent. Record date of initiation of booting stage when 50% of the culms expected to produce spikes are between DS39 (Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible) and DS41 (Flag leaf sheath extending). Boot DS39 date Estimation Straw NIR calibrated. STR NIRS Measurement Fusarium head blight (scab) spikelets incidence caused by the agent fusarium spp. Spikelet Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence FHBSplInc Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence Glutenin Glu-B1 composition Glutenin Glu-B1 composition Flour GluB1 High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b1. tiller/plant spikelet/spike NutE Nitrogen utilization efficiency as the grain dry mass in relation to the total amount of Nitrogen in above-ground plant at harvest. Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency Grain Nitrogen utilization efficiency Grain Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results TTA Anthesis thermal time Plant Anthesis thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Anthesis (GS65). Calculated as sum of straw Nitrogen content and grain Nitrogen content according to the biomass partition into straw and grain. BM NIRS Computation 1-5 HRDCLS scale Severity of rust in spike is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. PstriSpkSev Estimation Difference between ambient temperature and canopy temperature. CTD Canopy temperature depression Temperature depression Canopy cm plant/m2 FLeafLLng Measurement Standard method for flag leaf lamina length. Standard method for peduncle pubescence density. PedPubDen Estimation Measure the length of individual culms from soil surface to the tip of the spike (do not include awn) and record to the nearest centimeter. (Average of 4-10 plants/culms per plot). PH Measurement 0-5 incidence scale AnthExt Estimation Standard method for anther extrusion. num Ant DS65 date Estimation Record date of anthesis (DS65) when 50% of spikes have flowered (i.e. at least 1 anther dehisced). Proportion of big grain remaining above the sieve. Retention proportion Grain Grain retention GReten Straw yield Amount (weight) of straw. Straw StrawYld Yield Semolina Yellow pigment content Semolina yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Semolina yellow pigment content SemoYellPig Frost damage Plant damage caused by frost. FrostDmg Plant Frost damage PrecoResp Estimation Standard method for leaf rust response. 1-9 PHOTORESP scale kg/kg N Standard method for rachis length. RachLng Measurement Number of days from sowing to initiation of booting (DS39-DS41). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Boot DS39 DT Computation Standard method for take all incidence. GgtriInc Estimation Standard method for FHB spike incidence. FHBSpkInc Estimation SaltTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at the field presenting soil salinity and rate the tolerance. 1-3 FLRYELLCLS scale SN Measurement It can be easily and non-destructively measured during grain-filling (i.e., before physiological maturity) by counting in a given area or length of row. Standard method for awn length. AwnLng Measurement FnivLBInc Plant Fusarium leaf blotch incidence Fusarium leaf blotch incidence Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). StomaCond Measurement Standard method for stomatal conductance. SpkPho Computation Textile treatment is used to inhibit photosynthesis of the spikes through shading(comparison between control and treated spikes). Randomly selected spikes (for example: 12 spikes) per plot are covered with a special designed textile 10 days after anthesis under irrigation and drought or 10 days after heading under heat environments. Then, at physiological maturity the spikes are harvested together with 12 control spikes and the number of grains and weight are recorded and compared the treated spikes with the control ones (Sanchez-Bragado et al., 2016). GNUp Grain Nitrogen uptake Grain Nitrogen uptake Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole wheat grain samples. NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. StmCol Estimation Standard method for stem color. Calculate grain yield of an entry as percentage over a local check. GY Relative to check Computation µmol CO2/mol Number of days from sowing to terminal spikelet (DS25-30 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. TSpl DT Computation Grain Grain thickness Thickness of whole grain. GThk Thickness Size Grain size. Grain GSize Grain size True stem partitioning index. TSPI Stem True stem partitioning index True stem partitioning index Record date of heading (DS55) when 50% of the spike is emerged (i.e., middle of the spike at the flag leaf ligule) on 50% of all stems. Hd DS55 date Estimation GScreen Measurement Measured as weight by percentage of all matter passing through a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots Indicates incidence of lodged plants. Lodging incidence Lodging incidence Lodg Plant Ci Computation Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. StayGreen Estimation Stay-green assessment is conducted through the growing season, starting with the onset of the senescence of the specific organ to be evaluated. Standard method for FHB grain incidence. FHBGInc Estimation Standard method for common root rot incidence. RootRot Estimation 1-5 GRNCOL scale AntDmg Estimation Standard method for ant damage. HelSpSev The disease severity in the plants caused by the agent Helminthosporium species. Helminthosporium species severity Helminthosporium species severity Plant FnivLBInc Estimation Standard method for Fusarium leaf blotch incidence. Canopy LI Canopy light interception Light interception Light energy intercepted by the canopy. FoDA Measurement Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. 0-9 density scale LeafLng Measurement Standard method for leaf length. SpkSterility Spike Spike sterility index Sterility Spike sterility observed as infertile florets. Record booting stage (DS45) when 50% of culms present boot swollen. Boot DS45 date Estimation Stem rust seedling response Stem rust seedling response Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. PgramSdlgResp Seedling Standard method for stem strength. StmStrength Estimation s/m Flour gluten type Gluten type whether weak-tenacious/tenacious/weak/medium strong/strong. Flour Gluten type GluTyp SemoYellPig Measurement Standard method for semolina yellow pigment. 1-3 GLMCOL scale SproutTol Estimation Observe the tendency of grain to sprout when in the spike and rate the tolerance. Observe threshability by hand threshing of one or two spikes and rate it according how easily grains are separated from the rachis and glumes using 1 (hard to thresh) to 9 (easy to thresh) scale. Threshblty Estimation Measurement of the light intercepted by the canopy using a ceptometer as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. LI Computation Herbicide damage Herbicide damage Plant Plant damage caused by herbicide. HerbicideDmg The plant damage caused by insects. Insect damage InsectDmg Insect damage Plant The number of infertile spikelets (i.e., those NOT containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. InfertSpkN Counting BMNUte Computation Calculated as biomass per unit of Nitrogen taken up. a value kg/plot Leaf LeafCID Carbon isotope discrimination Leaf carbon isotope discrimination Leaves carbon isotope discrimination can be measured in the leaves during early canopy development in well irrigated trials, in which case genotypic effects will be related mainly to transpiration efficiency. SpkGW Measurement Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. Surface area Surface of whole grain. Grain surface area Grain GsurfA ETR Leaf Leaf electron transport rate Electron transport rate Transfer of electrons during photosynthesis in light saturated leaf. Standard method for foliar disease development. FolDis Estimation 0-5 Septoria Response scale Thermal Time from emergence to Terminal Spikelet (GS30). Terminal spikelet thermal time Plant Terminal spikelet thermal time TTTS StdEst Estimation Standard method for standard establishment. Standard method for worm damage. WormDmg Estimation PnegleDmg The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus. Root Pratylenchus neglectus damage Pratylenchus neglectus damage Glutenin Glu-B3 composition Flour Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b3. GluB3 Glutenin Glu-B3 composition Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. RUE Computation Bird damage The plant damage caused by birds. BirdDmg Plant Bird damage Record date of double ridge stage (DS14-15 approx.). Double ridge signifies that the plant?s main growing point will produce no more primordial leaves, and instead will produce primordial spikelets of the young spike. The dissection and observation of the main tiller apex on an optic magnifier is required. DR date Estimation GApp Appearance Grain Grain appearance Appearance of a single grain. It is the rate of dry matter production per unit area. CGR Crop growth rate Plant Biomass production Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. LeafTR Measurement Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until initiation of booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTIB Computation 1-6 COLOR scale Standard method for flour yield. FlrYld Measurement TTH Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until emergence (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Maturity time starts at hard dough stage (ds87) often called physiological maturity. Mat Maturity time Maturity time Plant Fusarium head blight spike response FHBSpkResp Fusarium head blight (scab) spike response caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spike response Spike Calculated as the above ground biomass divided by the total soil Nitrogen. BMNUE Computation Cyst nematode damage HavenDmg The wheat cyst nematode damage caused by cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae. Root Cyst nematode damage ml FgramResp Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum response. DnoxiDmg Estimation Standard method for russian wheat aphid damage. Leaf HsatiLInc Spot blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (helminthosporium sativum). Spot blotch incidence Spot blotch incidence mm2 Sedimentation index Is the result of dividing sedimentation volume by flour protein content. SedIdx Flour Flour SDS sedimentation index It is measured during rapid spike growth phase. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Then, CRG is the production of biomass per day between initiation of booting and seven days after anthesis. Calculated as (Biomass 7DAA/m2 - Biomass InB/m2)/Days from InB to 7DAA. CGR Computation Strength of the culm. Stem strength StmStrength Strength Stem g/plant grain/spikelet GSize Estimation Visual observation of grains size. Emergence time is when the first leaf appears above the soil surface. Emergence time Emergence time Plant Emer SnailDmg Estimation Standard method for snail damage. Anet Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. PedGlau Estimation Standard method for peduncle glaucousness. Standard method for leaf glaucousness. LeafGlau Estimation GSurfA_Measurement Marvin method for whole surface area. Plant Aluminum tolerance AlTol Plant tolerance to aluminum. Aluminum tolerance Plant Stem rust coefficient of infection PgramCI Stem rust coefficient of infection Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Awn AwnLng Awn length Awn length. Length Ant damage AntDmg Ant damage Plant The plant damage caused by ants. 15).]]> FlrYellCls Measurement GYPR Computation Calculated with grain yield obtained /days to maturity. LAI Computation LAI can be determined directly by taking a sample of canopy from a plant canopy, measuring the leaf area per sample plot with an area meter or image scanner and dividing it by the plot land surface area. Indirect methods use ceptometer to measure canopy geometry or light extinction and relate it to LAI. (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2). LeafTR Leaf transpiration rate. Leaf Leaf transpiration rate Leaf transpiration rate Stem wall thickness. StmWallThk Stem wall thickness Wall thickness Stem TN Counting Count or calculate the number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per lineal meter, per plant or per square meter. Photoperiod response Plant photoperiod response Extent to which long days hasten flowering. Plant PhotopResp StmCol Stem color Stem Color of the stems. Color Calculated daily grain weight increase between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration. GFR Computation FnivLBSev Fusarium leaf blotch severity Plant Fusarium leaf blotch severity Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) severity in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). mmol/m2/s 0-9 RCERE scale Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FmDA Measurement WtrLoggDmg Estimation Score the damage caused by waterlogging spikelet Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.5 mm - 2.2 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass3 Above ground biomass nitrogen uptake Plant BMNUp Nitrogen uptake Uptake of Nitrogen in the above ground biomass at maturity. Standard method for stomatal size. StomaSiz Measurement Hd DS55 relative Estimation Assessment of heading (DS55) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Terminal spikelet time TSpl Terminal spikelet time Terminal spikelet time is when the last spikelet, the terminal spikelet, has been produced. Plant Foliar disease development Leaf Foliar disease development The plant damage caused by foliar diseases. FolDis Biomass production rate. Production per day BMPR Biomass production rate Biomass Lysine content of the kernel/grain. GLys Grain Lysine content Grain lysine content Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until terminal spikelet(thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTTS Computation variable_of LeafTNecro Estimation Leaf tip necrosis is observed and rated in percentage. SedIdx Measurement Standard method for sedimentation index. SpkLng Measurement Measured in centimeters from the base of the spike to the tip excluding the awns (average of 6-10 random spikes in plot). 1-3 STRAWStrength Length of leaf. Length Leaf LeafLng Leaf length Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. BM Measurement mg/kg PstriNote Leaf Stripe rust notes Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust notes Plant Flag smut plant response UagroResp Flag smut disease response in the plants caused by the agent Urocystic agropyri causing flag smut disease. Flag smut plant response Standard method for spike density. SpkDen Estimation 1-9 incidence scale Seedling rust field response Estimation Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. Standard method for loose smut incidence. UtritInc Estimation The fluorescence emitting during steady state. Steady-state fluorescence Leaf Fs Leaf steady-state fluorescence delta 13C Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d3. Flour Glutenin Glu-D3 composition Glutenin Glu-D3 composition GluD3 TSpl date Estimation Record date of terminal spikelet stage (DS25-30 approx.). It is estimated as the date at which the final spikelet can be observed on the forming spike within the stem of the main culm, typically measured on around 3-5 plants per plot. It required a main tiller dissection and an observation of the apex on an optic magnifier. Standard method for grain phosphorus content. GPhos Measurement BSMV Estimation Standard method for barley stripe mosaic virus incidence. Powdery mildew severity Powdery mildew severity Leaf EgramSev Powdery mildew severity in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. 1-9 STRAWBREAK scale Standard method for scoring tan spot response in seedlings. TanSpotSdlgResp Estimation Leaf minimal fluorescence intensity Leaf Minimal fluorescence intensity FoLA Minimal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. LeafPubLng Measurement Standard method for leaf pubescence length. Leaf Leaf lamina partitioning index. Leaf lamina partitioning index LeafPI Lamina partitioning index grain/spike CCI Bread crumb structure The cellular structure of wheat bread crumb. Bread CrmStr Structure Plant Hessian fly damage Hessian fly damage The plant damage caused by hessian fly, Maytiola destructor. HesFlyDmg Leaf area of flag leaf or all laminas is measured. Then the leaves are oven dried at 60-70oC for 48h and the dry weight is recorded. Then, the specific leaf area is calculated as the ratio of leaf area to dry mass SLA= leaf area/dry mass. SLA Measurement DroughtTol Plant Drought tolerance Drought tolerance Plant tolerance to drought conditions. 0-9 GRNAPP scale grains/tiller SpkTyp Estimation Standard method for spike type. Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Amax Measurement Zadoks or decimal code (00-99) method_of b value kg/hl LRollInc Estimation Standard method for leaf rolling incidence. TtritInc Estimation Tilletia tritici incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. GLng Measurement Standard method for whole grain length. Calculated as total grain Nitrogen divided by the total biomass Nitrogen. NHI Computation Calculated grain weight increase per degree day with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. GFRTT Computation Germ Measurement Laboratory seed test for germination should be carried out before seeding to calculate seeding rates or determine the status of storage seed. The percentage of seeds capable of producing normal seedlings under ordinarily favorable conditions (not including seeds which produce weak, malformed, or obviously abnormal sprouts), determined by methods ISTA seed testing protocols. Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust coefficient of infection Leaf PstriCI Stripe rust coefficient of infection Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that are below 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass6 High throughput approaches to measuring ground cover are: visual assessment or digital analysis of photographs GrndCov Measurement GY Computation Use formulae to calculate grain yield in g/m2 0-9 Mc Neal scale 1-3 SEDVTR scale Coefficient of infection (CI) calculated by multiplying the severity times a constant for host response: where immune = 0.0, R=0.2, MR =0.4, MS =0.8, and S=1.0. Rust Coefficient of infection Computation Standard method for loaf volume. LofVol Measurement GlmCol Estimation Standard method for glume color. GNDVI Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Sheath partitioning index Leaf sheath partitioning index LeafSPI Leaf Leaf sheath partitioning index. node Ant DS65 DT Computation Number of days required from sowing to when 50% of spikes have flowered (DS65). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. LeafGlau Glaucousness in leaf. Leaf glaucousness Leaf Glaucousness The plant damage caused by spike diseases. Spike SpkDis Spike disease development Spike disease development FvLAFmLA Leaf maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry Leaf Maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured in the leaf. Standard method for awnedness. Awns Estimation Canopy normalized water index 4 NWI4 Canopy Normalized water index 4 Normalized water index 4 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Spike photosynthesis contribution Photosynthetic contribution of the spike (ear) to grain yield. SpkPho Spike Spike Photosynthesis 0-9 scoring scale Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. PthornDmg Estimation RsolaInc Estimation Standard method for rhizoctonia root rot incidence. Calculate number of plant per area. PlntStnd Computation