CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_M_kgPlot ISBM_kg_plot TANSPOT_1_5__ADLTRESP TanSpotResp_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CiCa_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HavenDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HAVEN_pct GSize_ScreenMass3_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEDINDX_ml_pct SedIdx_M_mlpct CHL_CCI Chl_M_CCI CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 6 60% anther extrusion Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SpkSterility_Calc_pct STERIND_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TcontInc_E_pct CIMMYT TCONT_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkTyp_E_1to6 CookSdF_M_Idx COKSDF_index CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 30% plant height affected, 40% coverage 34 71 Kernel and milk development, Kernel watery ripe (clear liquid) FHBSplInc_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_index__SPLINC CIMMYT 51 50% plant height affected, 10% coverage PgramCI_Calc_pct PGRAM_pct__CI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNCOL_1_5 GCol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FoDA_M_Idx NupE_Calc_kgkgN JIC Luzie U Wingen HAILDMG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HailDmg_E_1to5 HailDmg_N_T_S_M_V very resistant (VR), average pycnidial density of 0-5% VR GApp_E_0to9 GRNAPP_0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHB_pct__GRNINC FHBGInc_E_pct SN_M_Spksm CIMMYT SNO_spk_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 30% coverage 3 65 60% plant height affected, 50% coverage highly tolerant 9 GluD3_M_text GLUD3_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_kg_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BM_Calc_kgha Germ_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GermiTest_pct GERM_pct MR Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass1_pct CIMMYT 59 Heading, Emergence of head complete BM_g_plot BM_M_gPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLMGLAU_0_9 GlmGlau_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GFRTT_Calc_gCday GFILLRATE_thermal_time Luzie U Wingen JIC CIMMYT NDVI_M_Idx NDVI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BirdDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BIRDDMG_pct CIMMYT GRNSCREEN_pct CIMMYT GScreen_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GAmyloPec_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Nitrogen use efficiency JIC Luzie U Wingen NUE_Calc_kgkgN LAI_index CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LAI_Calc_Idx NWI3_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT NWI3_index VgP_calc_day VEGPERIOD_days CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafR750R700_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StritSev_E_00to99 STRIT_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SS semi-soft (SS, 51-55) NHI_Calc_pct Nitrogen harvest index Luzie U Wingen JIC TILSP_pct TilSpSpkInc_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_pct__AUDPC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHBAUDPC_Calc_pct BM_g_pl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BM_M_gPlnt Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RELTMT CIMMYT RELTMT_1_6 Mat_relat_1to6 intermediate 2 StrawBreak_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNCOL_L_value GCol_M_Lvalue CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafPSSRb_M_Idx 2 light-yellow (b CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MgrisSev_E_pct TN_Ct_TllrPlnt CIMMYT TNO_tll_pl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_1_4__RESP CIMMYT PrecoResp_E_1to4 CIMMYT PnegleDmg_E_pct PNEGLE_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 40 40% (14.8% occupied by uredia) 100% (37% occupied by uredia) 100 KNO GN_Calc_Grnm2 GNO_grains_m2 kernel/m2 GM2 GNO CIMMYT grains/m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GWid_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LRollSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AnthExt_E_0to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT TLAEV_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TlaevInc_E_pct ErlVig_E_1to5 ERLVIG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TANSPOT_00_99__SEV TanSpotSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEPSP_0_5__RESP SepSpResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Moderate 2 high 7 94 Ripening, Overripe, straw dead and collapsing moderately susceptible 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TN_Ct_Tllrm TNO_tll_m GProt_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNPROT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNYLD_t_ha GY_tha Yld_tha GY_Calc_tha Luzie U Wingen NutE_Calc_kgkgN JIC Nitrogen utilisation efficiency STMFRQ_num STMFRQ CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StomaFrq_Ct_stomamm2 BOOT DTB_days CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Boot_dto_day DTB 76 70% plant height affected, 60% coverage HsatiLInc_E_pct HSATIL_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 fair (F) 9 excellent (E) Y heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf tip (Y) 5 leaf is severely rolled 5 InfertSpkN_Ct_SplSpk Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CTD_Calc_C CTD_C very low 1 very dense 9 SIPI_index SIPI_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 10% plant height affected, 60% coverage 16 SpkPho_Textile_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ISBM_M_gPlot ISBM_g_plot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 0 FLeafSen_E_pct FLEAFSEN_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHBDON_M_ppm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_ppm__DON EGRAM_1_9__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EgramInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT RELTPH_1_5 PH_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRECO_0_4__RESP PrecoResp_E_0to4 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Asat_M_umolCO2m2s1 CIMMYT 90 90% (33.3% occupied by uredia) very poor (VP) 0 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT STMSTRENGTH_1_9 StmStrength_E_1to9 HelSpSev_E_00to99 HELSP_00_99 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Emer_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DTE Days to emergence DTE_days SplN_Ct_SplSpk SPLSPK_num SPLSPK CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla spikelets/spike 5% (1.85% occupied by uredia) 5 severe 5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PgramSev_E_0to12 PGRAM_0_12__SEV 2 20% plants with broken straw Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LRollInc_E_pct CIMMYT resistant (R), 1 to 8 % of infection R Seedling development , First leaf unfolded 11 10 Seedling development , First leaf emerged BYDInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT BYD_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla solid 3 CPYGM_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SawflyDmg_E_pct CIMMYT moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) MS-S ISBM_t_ha ISBM_Calc_tha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PgramSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_pct__SEV Heading, ¾ of head emerged 57 GNDVI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GNDVI_M_Idx GrnSpl_Calc_GrnSpl GRNSPL_num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNSPL grains/spikelet 1 trace CIMMYT SnodoInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SNODO_pct__INC InsectDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla InsectDmg_N_T_S_M_V INSECTDMG_1_5 CIMMYT low to moderate 4 GrnSpk_Calc_GrnSpk CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla grains/spike GRNSPK_num GRNSPK Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EGRAM_pct__INC EgramInc_E_pct CIMMYT CropGrwRate_Calc_gm2day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CROPGRWRATE_g_m2_day 70% plant height affected, 90% coverage 79 BLS_00_99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLSSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrwStg_Zdks_00to99 CIMMYT GRWSTG_00_99 DECODS T tenacious (T) GRNYLD_kg_ha GY_kgha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_Calc_kgha Yld_kgha Ant_dto_day DAYSAN DTA_days ANT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FvDAFmDA_M_Idx 8 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LODG_pct Lodg_E_pct 1 very lax 20% plant height affected, 90% coverage 29 SH semi-hard (SH, 45-50) HRDCLS_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GHrd_M_1to5 45 Booting, Boot swollen AphDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT APHDMG_pct 50% (18.5% occupied by uredia) 50 70 70 60% plants with broken straw 6 7 high GY_M_gPlot PLOTGRNYLD_g Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Tillering, Main shoot and 7 Tillers 27 1 very poor to poor (VP-P) 40% plant height affected, 70% coverage 47 spreading (S) S RcereInc_E_0to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RCERE_0_9 30 30 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_M_m PH_m CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla VEGPERIOD_pct VgP_calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FgramSev_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Amax_M_umolCO2m2s2 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FrostDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FROSTDMGP_pct SPKDEN_1_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkDen_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CT_C CT_M_C Seedling development , 2 leaves unfolded 12 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MIXTQ_pct_min MixTq_M_pctmin RsecaSev_E_00to99 RSECA_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StrawStn_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HGRAM_0_9 HgramInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Hd_dto_day HEAD CIMMYT DAYSHD DTH DTH_days StmWSC_Atrone_pct CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MIXTYP_1_6 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MixTyp_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HI_Calc_Idx HI_index CIMMYT StomaSiz_M_um STMSIZ _um CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmLng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMLNG_cm 9 41 Booting, Flag leaf sheath extending WormDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WORMDMG_pct CIMMYT 3 lax RachLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT GFILLPERIOD_pct GFP_calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AWNS_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Awns_E_0to9 CIMMYT NWI2_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI2_M_Idx VR very resistance Kernel and milk development, Early milk (liquid off -white) 73 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNPLUMP_1_3 GPlump_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BYDInc_E_pct BYD_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ColdTol_E_1to5 COLDTOL_1_5 CIMMYT PH_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_M_cm CIMMYT WKILL_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WKill_E_1to5 WKill_E_pct WKILL_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLUTYP_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluTyp_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLRCOL_L_value FlrCol_M_Lvalue TTA_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SepSPInc_E_pct SEPSP_pct__INC 4 poor to fair (P-F) very poor to poor (VP-P) 2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HTERE_pct__INC HtereInc_E_pct PstriNote_E_text PSTRI_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT STMTHK_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmWallThk_M_um STMCOND_mmol_m2_s CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StomaCond_M_mmolm2s GrndCov_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNDCOV_pct CIMMYT TllrCAPACITY_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TllrCapacity_E_1to5 Luzie U Wingen StrawYld_Calc_tha JIC BIRDDMG_1_5 BirdDmg_E_1to5 BirdDmg_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 Fusiform Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FnivLBInc_E_pct CIMMYT FNIVLB_pct__INC LeafPI_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLUB1_text GluB1_M_text Mat_dto_day DTM CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTM_days DAYSMT MAT 80% plant height affected, 60% coverage 86 stem softened with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem 8 HailDmg_E_0to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HAILDMG_0_9 very poor (VP) 1 WMFLRFN_s WMFlrFN_M_s CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TestWt_M_kghl TESTWT_kg_hl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RARSa_index RARSa_M_Idx resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules R DNOXI_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DnoxiDmg_E_pct R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules 3 3 yellow (b>15) 46 40% plant height affected, 60% coverage GLUD1_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluD1_M_text GSize_ScreenMass5_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MH medium hard (MH) PSTRI_1_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriInc_E_1to9 GlmPubLng_M_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLMPUBLNG_um No visible affection 0 CIMMYT T1BL1RS_0_1 T1BL1RS_M_0to1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PHORD_pct__CI CIMMYT PhordCI_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEPSP_00_99__SEV SepSpSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FrostDmg_N_T_S_M_V FROSTDMG_1_5__SPK FrostDmg_E_1to5 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmLA_M_Idx AntDmg_E_pct CIMMYT ANTDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla white (b<12.5) 1 94 90% plant height affected, 40% coverage CIMMYT FHBSpkInc_E_pct FHB_pct__SPKINC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla APHDMG_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AphDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI4_index CIMMYT NWI4_M_Idx GLUA1_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluA1_M_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PGRAM_text PgramNote_E_text Boot_dtoInit_day DTIB_days DTIB Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT intermediate to dense 6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AGRSCR_0_9 CIMMYT AgrScr_E_0to9 S spring 80% plant height affected, 90% coverage 89 80% plant height affected, 70% coverage 87 5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRCOL_a_value CIMMYT FlrCol_M_avalue Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LI_M_pct 18 10% plant height affected, 80% coverage PrecoInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_1_9 LEAFGLAU_1_5 LeafGlau_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RSpkGP_Calc_pct CIMMYT GYPR_Calc_gm2day Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Luzie U Wingen BMNUP_Calc_kgha JIC YELBER_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GYellBer_M_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount5_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TanSpotInc_E_pct TANSPOT_pct PHOTORESPO_1_9 PhotopResp_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_0_9__RESP CIMMYT PstriResp_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GrwCls_E_1to3 GROWTHCLS_1_3 GMoi_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNH20_pct GSize_ScreenMass4_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BTol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BORONTOL_1_9 GPD_Calc_pct JIC Luzie U Wingen 5 50% plants with broken straw H hard (H, <45) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SaltTol_E_1to9 SALTOL _1_9 CIMMYT CIMMYT ALVPL_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvPL_Calc_Idx MS medium strong (MS) RsolaInc_E_0to9pct RSOLA_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HRDCLS_1_3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GHrd_M_1to3 AlvG_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AVLG_mm Awns_E_0to1 Luzie U Wingen AWNS_0_1 JIC Stem elongation or jointing, 3rd node detectable 33 StomaRes_M_sm STMRES_s_m CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPKLNG_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkLng_M_cm 17 Seedling development , 7 leaves unfolded PRECO_pct__SEV PrecoSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 9 very high 25 20% plant height affected, 50% coverage GSize_ScreenMass6_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PedPubDen_E_0to9 CIMMYT PEDPBD_0_9 83 Dough development, Early dough (elastic, dry and shiny) very good (VG) 8 6 STAYGREEN_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StayGreen_E_1to5 highly susceptible 1 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 3/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 5 lax to intermediate 4 60% plant height affected, 80% coverage 68 80 80% (29.6% occupied by uredia) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ColdTol_E_pct CIMMYT COLDTOL_pct HRDCLS_1_4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GHrd_M_1to4 CIMMYT CIMMYT Threshblty_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla THRESHBLTY_1_9 AGBMNitr_M_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC CIMMYT PLNTSTND_pl_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PlntStnd_Calc_Plntha EDATE CIMMYT EMERD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Emergence date EMERD Emer_date_ymd EMERDATE HesFlyDmg_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HESFDMG _pct 8 moderate to high 25 Tillering, Main shoot and 5 Tillers M moderate (M) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PgramSdlgResp_E_0to8 CIMMYT PGRAM_0_8__SEEDRESP TN_Ct_Tllrm2 TNO_tll_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT HtereSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_g_m2 ISBM_Calc_gm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AlvL_M_mm CIMMYT ALVL_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 7 high damage VS very susceptible (VS), > 50 % of infection PRECO_0_8__SEEDRESP CIMMYT PrecoSdlgResp_E_0to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla very good (VG) 3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafWid_M_mm LEAFWID_mm L late (L) 10% anther extrusion 1 PlntStnd_Ct_PlntPlot PLNTSTND_pl_plot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT IBD IBD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT Boot_dateInit_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 59 50% plant height affected, 90% coverage 4 FND_dto_day DTFND DTFND_days FND CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ALVW_joules AlvW_M_joules 60 60% (22.2% occupied by uredia) CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlTol_E_1to9 ALUTOL_1_9 7 awned (conspicuous) VL very late (VL) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ALVPG_index AlvPG_Calc_Idx moderate M 16 Seedling development , 6 leaves unfolded White 1 FNIVLB_00_99__SEV CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FnivLBSev_E_00to99 6 intermediate to moderate PGRAM_1_8__ADLTRESP PgramResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLeafLWid_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT InsectDmg_E_pct INSECTDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StrawCol_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEMOCOL_b_value SemoCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StrawYld_E_tha Fs_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 dense HerbDmg_N_T_S_M_V HERBDMG_1_5 HerbicideDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EgramSev_E_00to99 EGRAM_00_99__SEV CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafThk_M_um LEAFTHK_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MixTim_M_min CIMMYT MIXTIM_min FHBSpkResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_1_8__SPKRESP CIMMYT absent 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFLRSDS_ml WMFlrSDS_M_ml CIMMYT moderate susceptible MS EgramInc_E_1to5 EGRAM_1_5__INC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFLRCOL_L_value WMFlrCol_M_Lvalue very low damage 2 FHBSpkResp_E_0to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_0_5__SPKRESP Flowering or anthesis, Start of flowering 61 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SBMVInc_E_0to9pct SBMV_0_9 GLUB3_text GluB3_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ROOTROT_0_9 RootRot_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRSA_M_mm2 JIC GsurfA_M_mm2 Luzie U Wingen none 1 CIMMYT FLRCOL_b_value FlrCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TTB_Calc_Cday PLOTGRNYLD_kg GY_M_kgPlot CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RepP_Calc_day REPPERIOD_days CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STEMWSC_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmWSC_M_pct medium 2 GYFac_Calc_num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT YLDFAC_num PLNTVIG_1_5 PlntVig_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 8 high to very high damage 82 80% plant height affected, 20% coverage 5 intermediate GGTRI_1_5_INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GgtriInc_E_1to5 CIMMYT 8 80% coverage Mixed 6 FlrProt_NIRS_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRPROT_pct CIMMYT PHORD_pct__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhordSev_E_pct RLNDmg_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RLESDMG_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount2_pct 30 30% (11.1% occupied by uredia) 0 none 5 highly tolerant FrostDmg_E_1to9 FROSTDMGP_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LODG_0_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Lodg_E_0to5pct CIMMYT FE_Calc_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRECO_1_8__ADLTRESP PrecoResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ISBM_E_1to5 21 Tillering, Main shoot and 1 Tiller Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GCol_E_1to3 GRNCOL_1_3 Luzie U Wingen JIC GFibre_NIRS_pct GRNFibre_pct 2 90 90 37 30% plant height affected, 70% coverage SEMOPROT _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SemoProt_NIRS_pct 10% plant height affected, 70% coverage 17 GHrd_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNHRD_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FoxiWilt_E_pct FOXYWIL _pct GRNStarch_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC GStarch_NIRS_pct R-MR resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) MS moderately Susceptible (MS), medium-sized lesions, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TtritInc_E_pct TTRIT _pct__INC fair to good (F-G) 5 Highly Resistant (HR) - No or only occasional isolated pycnidia formed, particularly in older leaf tissue, hypersensitive flecking in younger leaf tissue. HR CIMMYT LEAFPUBDEN_0_9 LeafPubDen_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GCID_M_delta13C CIMMYT GRAINCID_delta LeafPSSRa_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLKPT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BlkPtInc_E_pct GNitr_NIRS_pct JIC Luzie U Wingen GRN_pct MR moderately resistant (MR), small lesions surrounded by necrotic areas ISBM_Calc_kgha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_kg_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GCol_M_avalue GRNCOL_a_value CIMMYT CIMMYT SrolfResp_E_1to8 SROLF_1_8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 29 Tillering, Main shoot and 9 or more Tillers 89 Late hard dough (difficult to dent) SpkDW_Calc_gm2 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 3 low 1 none (N) Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BMPR_Calc_gm2day H2ODMG _0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WtrLoggDmg_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHBSpkWt_Calc_pct FHB_pct__SPKW AnthExt_E_pct Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT not vitreous (NV) NV Stem elongation or jointing, 1st node detectable 31 CIMMYT CRMSTR_1_5 CrmStr_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Intermediate (I) - Light pycnidial format ion. Coalescing of lesions normally noticeable towards the leaf tip and elsewhere on the leaf. I Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SGNDmg_E_pct ATRITDMG _pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount4_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TTH_Calc_Cday 55 Heading, ½ of head emerged CIMMYT SpkGW_M_g Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PstriSdlgResp_E_0to8 20 20% (7.4% occupied by uredia) DR DTDR_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DRidge_dto_day DTDR SpkDis_E_1to5 SpkDis_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPKDIS_1_5 HSATIL_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HsatiLSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT GY_M_gPlnt CIMMYT GRNYLD_g_pl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla tolerant 8 CGR_Calc_gm2day Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MS moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some clorosis possible 60 60 Luzie U Wingen JIC BMNUE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen JIC STRNitr_NIRS_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount1_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriSpkSev_E_pct PSTRI_pct__SPKSEV 3 Poor Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TindiInc_E_pct TINDI_pct GFILLRATE JIC Luzie U Wingen GFR_Calc_gday moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TGW TGW_g GW_M_g1000grn THOUWT TKW short (S) S CIMMYT GlmPubDen_E_0to9 GLMPUBDEN _0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSIZE_1_3 GSize_E_1to3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla immune I large 3 10% plant height affected, 20% coverage 12 5 intermediate damage moderately tolerant 7 NBREAK_pct NeckBreak_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 22 Tillering, Main shoot and 2 Tillers 3 Black FoLA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLUA3_text GluA3_M_text Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TTM_calc_Cday immune, no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection (0) I NWI1_index CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI1_M_Idx 31 30% plant height affected, 10% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUCON_pct CIMMYT FLRGluCon_M_pct ACDTOL _1_5 AcdTol_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_pct__CI CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriCI_Calc_pct 27 20% plant height affected, 70% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FROSTDMGP_0_9 CIMMYT FrostDmg_E_0to9 Imm Immune (Imm) - No pycnidial formation, no symptoms or occasional hypersensitive fleck. AlvP_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ALVP_mm S susceptible (S), pycnidial density greater than 40% R resistant medium 3 5 50% coverage SR_index CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SR_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLeafLLng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoNote_E_text PRECO_text 40% plant height affected, 40% coverage 44 35 Stem elongation or jointing, 5th node detectable LeafR550_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT moderate (M) 4 VS very short (VS) PSTRI_pct__SEV PstriSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 70 70% (25.9% occupied by uredia) 1 hollow soft (S, >55) S Booting, First awns visible 49 CIMMYT NodeNO_Ct_node NODENO _num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderately resistant MR CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Shattering_E_pct SHATTERING_pct SNAILDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SnailDmg_E_pct CIMMYT 28 20% plant height affected, 80% coverage PlntStnd_Calc_Plntm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLNTSTND_pl_m2 CIMMYT GlmLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLMLNG_mm 8 high to very high 4 rolled leaf rim covers part of leaf blade FgramSev_E_00to99 FGRAM_00_99__SEV CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BOOTDATE BOOTD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Boot_date_ymd BOOTD CIMMYT UagroResp_E_1to8 UAGRO_1_8__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DroughtTol_E_1to5 DROUGHTTOL_1_5 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TTTS_Calc_Cday CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmCol_E_1to6 99 Ripening, Secondary dormancy lost 5 100% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RsecaSev_E_pct 15 10% plant height affected, 50% coverage GZinc_M_mgkg CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNZINC_mg_kg CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HNecro_E_0to1 HNECRO_0_1 FvLAFmLA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm CIMMYT INFERTNO_tll_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Luzie U Wingen JIC STRNUP_Calc_kgha Heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf base (Z) Z StdEst_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmDA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Lodg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LODG_1_5 CIMMYT LodgInc_N_T_S_M_V normal, similar to local check (N) 4 CIMMYT SUPDMG _1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SuPDmg_E_1to5 Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing MS CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrAsh_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AgrScr_E_1to9 AGRSCR_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrYellCls_M_1to3 FLRYELLCLS_1_3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SN_Calc_Spksm2 SNO_spk_m2 Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount3_pct CIMMYT 26 20% plant height affected, 60% coverage 6 moderate to high Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNIRON_mg_kg GrnIron_M_mgkg intermediate 3 slight (S) 3 CIMMYT STRIT_0_5__RESP StritResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Ripening, Seed dormant 95 7 70% plants with broken straw JIC Luzie U Wingen GFILLPERIOD_thermal_time GFPTT_Calc_Cday 64 60% plant height affected, 40% coverage 4 fair (F) CIMMYT Hd_relat_1to5 RELTHD_1_5 RELTHD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RNDVI_M_Idx RNDVI_index CIMMYT PstriResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_1_8__ADLTRESP CIMMYT NPQI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NPQI_index Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SLA_M_m2kg1 CIMMYT ROOTDIS_1_5 RootDis_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RootDis_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT SS semi-spreading (SS) FvLA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT HtereSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HTERE_00_99__SEV 7 70% anther extrusion very susceptible VS late (L) 5 one or more sharp eyespot lesions on upper (as well as lower) sheaths but no symptoms on the stem 2 Seedling development , 8 leaves unfolded 18 4 good (G) CIMMYT PSTRI_0_12__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriSev_E_0to12 HEADD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT Hd_date_ymd HEADDATE HEADD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Wsurv_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 intermediate RODDMG_pct RodentDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 susceptible, large uredinia without chlorosis (4) Mixed 6 highly susceptible 1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GFILLPERIOD_days GFP_calc_day 4 low to intermediate FHBSplInc_Ct_SplInfect Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHB_num__SPLINC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ForgDM_E_pct 0 absent CIMMYT BM_Calc_gm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_g_m2 PLNTSTND_pl_m CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PlntStnd_Ct_Plntm 1 10% coverage VH very hard (VH) PEDLNG _cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PedLng_M_cm 40% plant height affected, 10% coverage 41 90% plant height affected, 80% coverage 98 95 90% plant height affected, 50% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AGRSCR_1_5 AgrScr_E_1to5 CIMMYT S susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis BLBSev_E_00to99 BLB_00_99__SEV CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla R Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFGLAU_0_9 LeafGlau_E_0to9 CIMMYT AlvIe_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ALVIe_pct Yld_gm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_Calc_gm2 GRNYLD_g_m2 CIMMYT GY_gm2 SEMOYELPIG_ppm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SemoYellPig_M_ppm HeatTol_E_1to5 CIMMYT HEATTTOL_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RUE_Calc_gMJ Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LMS light moderate susceptible CIMMYT TllrGW_M_g Rosemary Shrestha 9 90% coverage CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFLRYELPIG_ppm WMFlrYellPig_M_ppm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AtritResp_E_1to8 ATRIT _1_8__RESP CIMMYT 10 10 21 20% plant height affected, 10% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhordSev_E_0to12 CIMMYT PHORD_0_12__SEV GLys_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Germination, Leaf just at coleoptile tip 09 Germination, Coleoptile emerged from seed 07 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GgtriInc_E_pct GGTRI_pct__INC CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ANTDATE ANTD Ant_date_ymd ANTD_yyyymmdd 20 20 CIMMYT UtritInc_E_pct UTRIT_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 2 very lax to lax entity very poor (VP) 1 low 3 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRFN _s FlrFN_M_s 2 highly susceptible to susceptible Booting, Flag leaf sheath opening 47 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoCI_Calc_pct CIMMYT PRECO_pct__CI 4 susceptible to moderately susceptible Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis MR-MS P purple SEDVTR_1_3 GVtr_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PhiPS2_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT red R CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LODG_0_9 Lodg_E_0to9pct severe 5 CIMMYT WI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WI_M_Idx semi-erect (SE) SE one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 2/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 4 2 low 92 90% plant height affected, 20% coverage 8 Tillering, Main shoot and 4 Tillers 24 4 40% coverage Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TSPI_M_Idx CIMMYT S susceptible Tillering, Main shoot and 3 Tillers 23 StritInc_E_pct STRIT_pct__INC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla attribute 5 Elliptical 28 Tillering, Main shoot and 8 Tillers No breakage 1 FLeafA_M_cm2 FLEAFA _cm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HI_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HI_Calc_pct red/white R/W CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LODG_1_9 Lodg_E_1to9 Flowering or anthesis, Flowering half complete 65 6 60% coverage 6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEMOPROT _pct CIMMYT SemoProt_Kjl_pct PRI_index CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRI_M_Idx BSMV_E_0to9pct CIMMYT BSMV_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 6 intermadiate to dense 1% (0.37% occupied by uredia) 1 0 No visible affection sparse to intermediate 4 awnless 0 DROUGHTTOL_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DroughtTol_E_pct WMFLRCOL_b_value WMFlrCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 87 Dough development, Hard dough (thumbnail impression held) GrwHabit_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GHABIT_1_5 CIMMYT LeafSPI_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNCOL_b_value GReten_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNRETEN_pct CIMMYT StmWSC_NIR_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 6 good (G) Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis MR-MS 4 low to medium 50% plant height affected, 40% coverage 54 3 awnletted (short) 1 none severe 9 EGRAM_0_5__INC CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EgramInc_E_0to5 CIMMYT PhordInc_E_1to9 PHORD_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla dense 7 40% plant height affected, 20% coverage 42 2 Branched CIMMYT LeafTR_M_mmolH2Om2s1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla no damage 0 white W S susceptible (S), 21 to 50 % of infection InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm2 INFERTNO_tll_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 5 moderate Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLng_M_mm CIMMYT 3 leaf has shape of a V 39 Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible 5 fair (F) GW_M_g200grn GW200_g CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrYld_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRYD CIMMYT FLRYLD moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible MS BM_Calc_tha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_t_ha CIMMYT 10% (3.7% occupied by uredia) 10 LofVol_M_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LOFVOL_ml LeafPubLng_M_um LEAFPUBLNG _um CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKILL_0_9 WKill_E_0to9 6 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 4/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 57 50% plant height affected, 70% coverage CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFTNECR _pct LeafTNecro_E_pct hard (H) H Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FgramResp_E_0to5 FGRAM_0_5__RESP HGRAM_pct HgramInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Resistant (R) - Very light pycnidial formation. Some coalescing of lesions mainly toward the leaf tip and in older leaf tissue. R vitreous (V) V DRD CIMMYT DRD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DRidge_date_ymd 19 10% plant height affected, 90% coverage FNDD FND_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FNDD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT intermediate 5 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 5/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 7 7 good to very good (G-VG) very good (VG) 5 STMDIA_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmDia_M_mm red R low to intermediate damage 4 90% plant height affected, 90% coverage 99 30% plant height affected, 60% coverage 36 TESTWT_g_l CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TestWt_M_gl 0 No anther extrusion partly vitreous (PV) PV 9 90% plants with broken straw CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FGRAM_pct__INC FgramInc_E_pct FlrProt_Kjl_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLRPROT_pct tall (T) T Tillering, Main shoot only 20 TANSPOT_0_5__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TanSpotSdlgResp_E_0to5 CIMMYT RELTMT_1_5 Mat_relat_1to5 RELTMT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 50 50 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GThk_M_mm 1 white Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT UTRIT_1_9__INC UtritInc_E_1to9 moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_0_12__SEV CIMMYT PrecoSev_E_0to12 7 49 40% plant height affected, 90% coverage 90% plant height affected, 70% coverage 97 DTTS TSpl_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTTS_days CIMMYT 0 absent 63 60% plant height affected, 30% coverage CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFLNG_cm LeafLng_M_cm StmSol_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT STMSOL_1_3 strong 3 JIC BMNUtE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen 19 Seedling development , 9 or more leaves unfolded 78 70% plant height affected, 80% coverage Wheat ontology 4 high Luzie U Wingen GNUP_Calc_kgha JIC no disease 00 S Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones 3 low Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLMWID_mm GlmWid_M_mm no visible infection (0) 0 moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR W winter resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules R 53 Heading, ¼ of head emerged CIMMYT BM_M_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_kg_plot RARSc_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RARSc_index GRNDCOV_pct__GS15 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GrndCov_GS15_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla COLEOPLNG _cm ColeopLng_M_cm CIMMYT 1 20% coverage 1 W white very tall (VT) VT 4 acronym S Strong (S) SpkPI_Calc_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW100_g GW_M_g100grn CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla susceptible (S), large lesions, no necrosis or chlorosis S 2 susceptible 2 20% anther extrusion SPROUTTOL _1_9 SproutTol_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla VE very early (VE) Good 1 Kernel and milk development, Medium milk (milky liquid) 75 2 moderately resistant, small to medium uredinia often surrounded by Chlorosis or necrosis, green island may be surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic border (2) 20% plant height affected, 40% coverage 24 facultative (intermediate) I 3 low damage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RARSb_index CIMMYT RARSb_M_Idx FlrSDS_M_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRSDS_ml CIMMYT PedGlau_E_0to9 PEDGLAU_0_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrCol_M_avalue CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFLRCOL_a_value SEPSP_1_5__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SepSpResp_E_1to5 CIMMYT FvDA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FoliarDis_N_T_S_M_V FOLDIS_1_5 FolDis_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLKPT_0_9 BlkPtInc_E_0to9pct heterogeneous, random distribution of variable-sized uredinia on single leaf (X) X 3 sparse Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafR675_M_Idx 2 good (G) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AwnCol_E_1to6 CIMMYT GRNPHOS_mg_kg GPhos_M_mgkg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 69 60% plant height affected, 90% coverage 8 dense to very dense CIMMYT LeafR750R550_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 very severe (V) MS medium soft (MS) CIMMYT GrnTllr_Calc_GrnTllr Rosemary Shrestha Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount6_pct 34 Stem elongation or jointing, 4th node detectable mid-strong 2 MS Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing LEAVESCID_delta Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafCID_M_delta13C susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis S hard (H, <45) H 40 40 10% plant height affected, 40% coverage 14 TSD CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TSD_yyyymmdd TSpl_date_ymd intermediate (M), pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis I 36 Stem elongation or jointing, 6th node detectable 1 One or more sharp eyespot lesions on lower sheaths but no symptoms on the stem 70% plant height affected, 10% coverage 71 Red 2 26 Tillering, Main shoot and 6 Tillers Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis MR RUET_Calc_gMJ Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 40% coverage 2 77 70% plant height affected, 70% coverage 40% plants with broken straw 4 30% anther extrusion 3 Ripening, Secondary dormancy 98 2 sparse MS moderately susceptible (MS), 12 to 20 % of infection 1 very sparse Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GY_PctChk_pct YLDCHECK_pct no visible infection (0) 0 96 90% plant height affected, 60% coverage 61 60% plant height affected, 10% coverage CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass2_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PhiCO2_M_Idx fair to good (F-G) 6 I immune (I), 0 % of infection 22 20% plant height affected, 20% coverage 10% plant height affected, 10% coverage 11 80% plant height affected, 50% coverage 85 50% plant height affected, 30% coverage 53 35 30% plant height affected, 50% coverage small 1 medium 5 moderately susceptible, medium-sized uredinia that may be associated with chlorosis (3) 3 BLBSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 nearly immune, no uredinia, but hypersensitive necrotic or chlorotic flecks present (,) , CIMMYT PHPRP_1_8__RESP PherpResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 2 very low to low 2 very low 9 very high damage Germination, Dry seed 00 30% plant height affected, 30% coverage 33 Susceptible (S) - Moderate pycnidial formation, lesions coalescing considerably. S 77 Kernel and milk development, Late milk (more solids in milk) 9 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ETR_M_?molm2s1 CIMMYT 51 Heading, First spikelet of head visible 0% (no uredia) 0 CIMMYT Anet_M_umolCO2m2s2 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla red to brown 2 4 CIMMYT GLMCOL_1_3 GlmCol_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 90% plant height affected, 10% coverage 91 W/R white/red Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Ci_M_umolCO2mol1 80% plant height affected, 10% coverage 81 good to very good (G-VG) 8 81 Dough development, Very early dough (slides when crushed) 2 20% coverage purple to black 3 Booting, Boot just visibly swollen 43 Amber 5 97 Ripening, Seed not dormant early (E) E one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 1/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 3 very resistant, small uredinia surrounded by necrosis (1) 1 01 Germination, Water uptake (imbibition) started 3 Oblong 2 48 40% plant height affected, 80% coverage intermediate to high damage 6 ArmyWDmg_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ARMDMG_pct 3 poor (P) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Mat_date_ymd MATDATE MATD MATD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT AwnLng_M_cm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AWNLNG _cm 80 80 moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) MS-S 8 dense to very dense 75 70% plant height affected, 50% coverage CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNPROT_pct GProt_Kjl_pct PTHORN_pct PthornDmg_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla poor (P) 2 very early (VE) 1 REPPERIOD_pct RepP_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 80% coverage 4 3 1 shrivelled (SH) R resistant (R), average pycnidial density of 5-15% intermediate 3 80% plant height affected, 80% coverage 88 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TTIB_Calc_Cday resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small lesions R Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones S 60% plant height affected, 60% coverage 66 Purple 4 4 Clavate 7 70% coverage high 9 40% anther extrusion 4 medium 3 R-MR resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) 10% plant height affected, 30% coverage 13 soft (S) S 72 70% plant height affected, 20% coverage No visible infection on plants 0 tolerant 4 38 30% plant height affected, 80% coverage 1 unrolled, turgid Ripening, Kernel loosening in daytime 93 moderately resistant (MR), 9 to 11 % of infection MR Seedling development , 3 leaves unfolded 13 SH semi-hard (SH, 45-55) 5 50% anther extrusion 43 40% plant height affected, 30% coverage very sparse to sparse 2 Ripening, 50% of viable seed germinates 96 85 Dough development, Soft dough (firm, thumbnail mark not held) 60% plant height affected, 70% coverage 67 high 4 50% plant height affected, 50% coverage 55 Flowering or anthesis, Flowering complete 69 early (E) 2 leaf rim starts to roll 2 medium to high 6 purple P 5 5 very dense 2 70% plant height affected, 40% coverage 74 good (G) 7 9 very good (VG) 3 early to normal (E-N) 8 80% plants with broken straw 50% plant height affected, 20% coverage 52 83 80% plant height affected, 30% coverage 1 2 very low 37 Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf just visible susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis S Germination, Radicle emerged from seed 05 very late (VL) 6 0 insensitive 1 present 1 very low 7 moderate Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis R 30% plant height affected, 90% coverage 39 6 moderately susceptible to moderately tolerant very high 8 MR moderately resistant (MR), average pycnidial density coverage of 15-30% erect (E) E LM light moderate moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible MS 93 90% plant height affected, 30% coverage Stem elongation or jointing, Pseudo stem erection 30 poor to fair (P-F) 3 Seedling development , 4 leaves unfolded 14 No symptom of sharp eyespot 0 VS Very susceptible (VS), large, abundant pycnidia, lesions coalescing extensively Stem elongation or jointing, 2nd node detectable 32 S soft (S, >55) 9 head prematurely ripened (whitehead) or plant collapsed with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem, or shoot killed as the ear emerges from the sheath with sharp eyespot lesions on the shoot I intermediate (M), lesions of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis dense 7 56 50% plant height affected, 60% coverage Prostrate (P) P >90% anther extrusion 9 23 20% plant height affected, 30% coverage 70% plant height affected, 30% coverage 73 M medium (M) 32 30% plant height affected, 20% coverage trace (T) 2 84 80% plant height affected, 40% coverage MS moderately susceptible (MS), average pycnidial density coverage of 30-40% 1 none 60% plant height affected, 20% coverage 62 immune (0), no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection I 2 poor (P) W weak (W) 6 03 Germination, Imbibition complete 40% plant height affected, 50% coverage 45 weak-tenacious (WT) WT 3 30% plants with broken straw Ripening, Kernel hard (not dented by thumbnail) 92 15 Seedling development , 5 leaves unfolded 91 Ripening, Kernel hard (difficult to divide, 16% water) 2 low 3 susceptible weak 1 80% anther extrusion 8 3 60% coverage very dense 9 50% plant height affected, 80% coverage 58 GHrd Measurement Standard method for grain hardness class. The plant damage caused by hessian fly, Maytiola destructor. Plant Hessian fly damage HesFlyDmg Hessian fly damage Photochemical reflectance index Canopy photochemical reflectance index Canopy Photochemical reflectance index is correlated with the de-epoxidation stage of the xanthophylls cycle, with zeaxanthin, and with radiation-use efficiency (filella et al., 1996). higher pri values indicate greater efficiency. PRI Maturity time Plant Maturity time starts at hard dough stage (ds87) often called physiological maturity. Mat Maturity time Standard method for test weight. AACC 55-10 or SeedCount management procedure 1-5 HRDCLS scale Specific leaf area SLA Leaf Specific leaf area A ratio of the leaf area to dry mass. plant/m TSPI Computation True Stem Coefficient = True stem DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of true stem is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. Straw color Straw Color StrawCol Color of straw. Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FmLA Measurement StmCol Color of the stems. Color Stem color Stem FoLA Leaf Leaf minimal fluorescence intensity Minimal fluorescence intensity Minimal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. GWid Width of whole grain. Grain width Grain Width plant/plot PstriSpkSev Estimation Severity of rust in spike is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. It is measured during rapid spike growth phase. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Then, CRG is the production of biomass per day between initiation of booting and seven days after anthesis. Calculated as (Biomass 7DAA/m2 - Biomass InB/m2)/Days from InB to 7DAA. CGR Computation Mixograph mixing time Time required for the dough development from beginning of mixing flour and water to the dough reaches maximum consistency (peak). Dough MixTim Dough Mixograph mixing time Coefficient of infection (CI) calculated by multiplying the severity times a constant for host response: where immune = 0.0, R=0.2, MR =0.4, MS =0.8, and S=1.0. Rust Coefficient of infection Computation Germ Measurement Laboratory seed test for germination should be carried out before seeding to calculate seeding rates or determine the status of storage seed. The percentage of seeds capable of producing normal seedlings under ordinarily favorable conditions (not including seeds which produce weak, malformed, or obviously abnormal sprouts), determined by methods ISTA seed testing protocols. Anthesis time Anthesis or flowering time is the period during which a flower is fully open and functional. pollination and fertilization occur during this period. Plant Ant Anthesis time Count the number of infertile tillers. InfertTN Counting Plant damage caused by hail. Plant Hail damage Hail damage HailDmg TTM Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until physiological maturity (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Grain The grain dry mass (grain yield) production per Nitrogen available to a plant. NUE Nitrogen Use Efficiency Nitrogen use efficiency 1-5 scoring scale Canopy Temperature The surface temperature of the canopy is related to the amount of transpiration resulting in evaporative cooling. CT Canopy temperature Establish Stand establishment StdEst Measurement of plant emergence and vigor in the field. Plant ml grain/m2 Spike partitioning index. Spike Partitioning index Spike partitioning index SpkPI Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the straw at harvest. STRNUp Computation Awns Presence Standard method for awn presence estimation. STRNUp Nitrogen uptake Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole above ground straw. Straw Straw Nitrogen uptake Seedling Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. TanSpotSdlgResp Tan spot seedling response Tan spot seedling response 0-5 Septoria Response scale Yield Straw StrawYld Straw yield Amount (weight) of straw. AphDmg Estimation Standard method for aphid damage. Flour yellowness. Flour yellowness Flour FlrYellCls Yellowness Number of days from sowing to terminal spikelet (DS25-30 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. TSpl DT Computation Normalized water index 2 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). NWI2 Canopy Normalized water index 2 Canopy normalized water index 2 Test weight Test weight or specific weight is the weight of a fixed volume of clean grains. Grain TestWt Grain test weight µm PnegleDmg The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus. Root Pratylenchus neglectus damage Pratylenchus neglectus damage g/plot % 1-9 PHOTORESP scale FoDA Measurement Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. Length of spike. Spike length Spike SpkLng Length g/1000 grain Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Ci Leaf Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration. Loose smut incidence Spike Loose smut incidence in the plants caused by ustilago tritici. UtritInc Loose smut incidence 1-4 PRECO scale Leaf maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry Leaf FvLAFmLA Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured in the leaf. Maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry The number of infertile spikelets (i.e., those NOT containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. InfertSpkN Counting GluA1 High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a1. Flour Glutenin Glu-A1 composition Glutenin Glu-A1 composition Standard method for straw strength. StrawStn Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. HeatTol Estimation Observation of hybrid necrosis. HNecro Plant Plant hybrid necrosis incidence Hybrid necrosis incidence PstriNote Leaf Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust notes Stripe rust notes SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis (1BL1RS) Detect in the SDS-PAGE gel the presence of some protein bands from rye chromosome translocation. 1-5 incidence scale Canopy Light interception Canopy light interception LI Light energy intercepted by the canopy. LeafPubDen Estimation Standard method for leaf pubescence density. Standard method for stem solidness. StmSol Estimation Black point incidence Grain BlkPtInc Black point incidence in the plants caused by the fungal species such as Helminthosporium sativum (Cochliobolus sativus), Alternaria alternata and fusarium spp. also black point symptoms are associated to physiological disorders. Black point incidence grains/tiller Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Chl Leaf Leaf chlorophyll content TSpl date Estimation Record date of terminal spikelet stage (DS25-30 approx.). It is estimated as the date at which the final spikelet can be observed on the forming spike within the stem of the main culm, typically measured on around 3-5 plants per plot. It required a main tiller dissection and an observation of the apex on an optic magnifier. Width Leaf width LeafWid Leaf Width of leaf. Spot blotch severity Spot blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (Helminthosporium sativum). Leaf HsatiLSev Spot blotch severity Leaf CiCa Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio. Leaf intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio GLng Grain Length Grain length Length of whole grain. Glutenin Glu-B3 composition Glutenin Glu-B3 composition GluB3 Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b3. Flour Canopy Structural independent pigment index Structural independent pigment index uses wavelengths showing the best semi-empirical estimation of the carotenoid chlorophyll a ratio (car:chla ratio), and its formulation minimizes the disrupting effects of leaf surface and mesophyll structure. SIPI Canopy structural independent pigment index Spike photosynthesis contribution Spike Photosynthesis Photosynthetic contribution of the spike (ear) to grain yield. Spike SpkPho Stay-green assessment is conducted through the growing season, starting with the onset of the senescence of the specific organ to be evaluated. StayGreen Estimation Ant DS65 DT Computation Number of days required from sowing to when 50% of spikes have flowered (DS65). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. 0-9 density scale grain/spikelet Spike type Shape characteristics of typical mature spikes. SpkTyp Spike Type SpkDis Estimation Standard method for spike disease development. 1-6 COLOR scale The plant damage caused by worms. WormDmg Worm damage Worm damage Plant Standard method for spectral reflectance. LeafPSSRa Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. RNDVI Measurement Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriSpkSev Stripe rust spike severity Spike Stripe rust spike severity Standard method for stem color. StmCol Estimation Adult plants rust field response Estimation Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to leaf/stem/stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the following scale: 0-No visible infection. R-Resistant, necrotic areas with or without small pustules. MR-Moderately Resistant, small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas. M-Intermediate, pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis. MS-Moderately Susceptible, medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible. S-Susceptible, large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis. First node detectable time Plant First node detectable time FND First node detectable time is when the stem starts the elongation or jointing period, first node becomes visible as it appears above the soil surface. UagroResp Estimation Standard method for flag smut field response. Canopy simple ratio SR Simple ratio Canopy A vegetation index related with canopy structure, light absorption and photosynthetic capacity. Leaf spectral reflectance 675 nm Spectral reflectance Leaf The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R675 nm wavelength. LeafR675 Standard method for yield factor GYFac Computation Chlorophyll content Leaf Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-a. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. LeafPSSRa Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll a Cold tolerance ColdTol Plant tolerance to lower temperatures than the optimum. Plant Cold tolerance Calculated from shoots sampled seven days after anthesis and SPI is expressed as a ratio and can be calculated as SPI= (dry weight of spikes at anthesis+7/dry weight of the whole plants (shoots) at anthesis+7). SpkPI Computation Glume hairiness density on outer side of sterile glume. Pubescence density Glume pubescence density GlmPubDen Glume LeafR550 The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R550 nm wavelength. Leaf spectral reflectance 550 nm Spectral reflectance Leaf AnthExt Anther extrusion Anther Anther extrusion Extrusion of anthers. Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains greater than 2.8 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass1 yyyymmdd Sawfly damage Sawfly damage The plant damage caused by sawfly, Cephus cinctus. SawflyDmg Plant Crop ground cover Plant GrndCov Ground cover Crop ground cover, or the percentage of soil surface covered by plant foliage. The plant damage caused by various species of aphids. Aphid damage Plant AphDmg Aphid damage Thickness of whole grain. Thickness Grain thickness GThk Grain Standard method for glume glaucousness. GlmGlau Estimation Ant DS65 date Estimation Record date of anthesis (DS65) when 50% of spikes have flowered (i.e. at least 1 anther dehisced). Standard method for spectral reflectance. LeafPSSRb Measurement NDVI Canopy Canopy normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Normalized difference vegetation index Minolta Chroma Meter Test Measurement of flour/whole meal/grain color with the Minolta chromameter, L value represents whiteness, a* value (reddishness) represents red and green colors and b* value (yellowness) represents yellow and blue colors. Using the Minolta Chroma Meter Test: 1. A sample of flour/whole meal/grain is placed on the granular materials attachment and compacted, 2. The Minolta Chroma Meter is inserted into the granular materials attachment, 3. Measurements are taken and recorded, 4.Color results are reported in terms of 3-dimensional color values based on the following rating scale: L* value whiteness: 100 white, 0 black, a* value positive +60 red color, negative values -60 green color, b* value positive +60 yellow color, negative values -60 blue color. b value 1-5 GHABIT scale day Rapid spike growth period Rapid spike growth period. Canopy Grain Filling duration RSpkGP Standard method for ground cover at 5 leaves stage. GrndCov Measurement (GS15) Standard method for southern blight response. SrolfResp Estimation mm BirdDmg Estimation Standard method for bird damage. Flour color. Flour Color Flour color FlrCol 0-1 absent-present 0-9 DAMAGE scale Amount (weight) of grains that was harvested. Grain yield GY Grain Yield Lysine content Lysine content of the kernel/grain. GLys Grain Grain lysine content AtritResp Estimation Standard method for Alternaria leaf blight field response. Standard method for straw color. StrawCol Estimation TanSpotSev Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Leaf Tan spot severity Tan spot severity Frost damage FrostDmg Plant damage caused by frost. Frost damage Plant PnegleDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. Calculated as biomass per unit of Nitrogen taken up. BMNUte Computation Gfibre Grain fibre content Fibre content Grain Content of fibre (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. PhordInc Estimation Standard method for Barley leaf rust incidence. Double digit Estimation The method was improved by using two digits, representing the vertical disease progress and an estimate of severity. The first digit gives the relative height of the disease using the original 0-9 Saari-Prescott scale as a measure. The second digit shows the disease severity as a percentage but in terms of 0-9. Because it is difficult to evaluate diseases on dead leaves, disease notes should be taken when at least four leaves are still alive and green (soft to mid-dough growth stage). Then visually evaluate the average percentage severity on only those leaves of the uppermost four that are infected. In practice, the percent severity is estimated on an overall score. The following format is used for scoring severity: 10% coverage = 1, 20% coverage = 2, 30% coverage = 3, 40% coverage = 4, 50% coverage = 5, 60% coverage = 6, 70% coverage = 7, 80% coverage = 8, 90% coverage = 9. The score of 10 is not used. Standard method for russian wheat aphid damage. DnoxiDmg Estimation 0-9 RCERE scale Shattering Estimation Standard method for spike shattering. StritInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch incidence. 1-5 TANSPOT field response scale stoma/mm2 GMoi Grain moisture content Moisture content Grain Moisture content of grain. RcereInc Sharp eyespot incidence Sharp eyespot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia cerealis. Plant Sharp eyespot incidence 1-5 DMG scale Standard method for straw breakage. StrawBreak Estimation spike/m HgramInc Estimation Standard method for Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence. The weight of the grain taken per tiller. TllrGW Measurement Amax Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Standard method for net blotch severity. HtereSev Estimation Stem wall thickness. Wall thickness StmWallThk Stem wall thickness Stem Alveograph P/G Dough alveograph P/G Dough It is the p/g ratio. AlvPG The plant damage caused by foliar diseases. Leaf FolDis Foliar disease development Foliar disease development Glutenin Glu-D1 composition GluD1 Flour Glutenin Glu-D1 composition High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d1. 1-8 generic disease field response scale Plant Septoria tritici blotch plant response Septoria tritici blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Septoria tritici blotch plant response StritResp PrecoSev Leaf rust severity Leaf rust severity Leaf Leaf rust (brown rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. BMNUpE Plant Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency N-uptake efficiency as the total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground plant at harvest in relation to the available Nitrogen in soil. Nitrogen uptake efficiency node g/MJ HNecro Estimation Some forms of spotting and necrosis result from chromosomal instability or genetic aberrations, these disorders are known as hybrid necrosis. Affected plants show differing degrees of necrosis, often associated with stunting or dwarf clumping. Hybrid necrosis usually is observed in early generation material, and affected progeny are eliminated TtritInc Estimation Tilletia tritici incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. ForgDM Forage dry matter Plant Forage dry matter. Forage dry matter FgramSev Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum severity. Fusarium graminearum plant response FgramResp Fusarium graminearum response in the plants. Spike Fusarium graminearum plant response FHBDON Content of deoxynivalenol or don (vomitoxin) that is often associated with fhb (fusarium spp.) infected grains. Fusarium head blight DON content Grain Fusarium head blight DON content Standard method for Fusarium leaf blotch incidence. FnivLBInc Estimation GMoi Estimation Moisture content is determined by drying a grain wheat sample in an air oven and comparing the weight of the sample before and after heating. The amount of weight loss is the moisture content. Moisture content results are expressed as a percentage. RootRot Estimation Standard method for common root rot incidence. Terminal spikelet thermal time TTTS Plant Terminal spikelet thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Terminal Spikelet (GS30). TN Counting Count or calculate the number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per lineal meter, per plant or per square meter. Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot plant response Leaf TanSpotResp Tan spot plant response GlmWid Measurement Standard method for glume width. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. BM Computation GrnTllr Computation Count the total number of grains per tiller. GRATIL Grain number per tiller Tiller Grain number Number of grains per tiller. Wheat blast severity Spike Wheat blast severity Wheat blast severity in the spikes caused by the agent Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: It can infect all above-ground parts of the wheat plant, but head blast, resembling Fusarium head blight in appearance, is the most common symptom in the field. Infected spikes become bleached and produce small shriveled seed or none at all. MgrisSev mm2 HerbicideDmg Estimation Standard method for herbicide damage. Net blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (Helminthosporium teres). Leaf Net blotch severity HtereSev Net blotch severity Thermal Time from emergence to Physiological Maturity (GS87). TTM Physiological maturity thermal time Plant Physiological maturity thermal time NupE Computation Calculated as above ground biomass Nitrogen content divided by soil Nitrogen LeafPubLng Leaf pubescent length. Leaf pubescence length Pubescence length Leaf Leaf Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust incidence PrecoInc Leaf rust incidence Common bunt incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TilSpSpkInc Estimation 0-5 percentage scale Glume pubescence length on outer side of sterile glume. Glume Pubescence length GlmPubLng Glume pubescence length FvLAFmLA measurement Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a light adapted leaf. StmStrength Strength of the culm. Strength Stem strength Stem GSize Estimation Visual observation of grains size. Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. CiCa Measurement Alveograph value W Dough Dough alveograph value W AlvW Dough strength by alveograph. W value is the area under the curve. it is a combination of dough strength (p value) and extensibility (l value). BMPR Biomass Production per day Biomass production rate Biomass production rate. Standard method for wheat blast severity. MgrisSev Estimation Severity of leaf/stem/stripe rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Modified cobb scale for severity LeafPubLng Measurement Standard method for leaf pubescence length. kg/kg N kg/plot Canopy Radiation Use Efficiency The amount of biomass produced per unit of intercepted solar radiation. Radiation use efficiency RUE_T Powdery mildew severity EgramSev Powdery mildew severity Powdery mildew severity in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Leaf GPlump Estimation Standard method for grain plumpness. Alveograph value P P value is the force required to blow the bubble of dough. it is indicated by the maximum height of the curve. Dough alveograph value P Dough AlvP Double digit (00-99) Plant vigour Plant Capacity of the plant to grow. PlntVig Vigour Normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. GNDVI Canopy Canopy green normalized difference vegetation index RsecaSev Barley scald severity Plant Barley scald severity in the plants caused by the agent Rhynchosporium secalis. Barley scald severity Number of days from sowing to booting stage (DS45). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Boot DS45 DT Computation Fusarium leaf blotch incidence Fusarium leaf blotch incidence FnivLBInc Plant Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). Length Awn Awn length. Awn length AwnLng Calculate grain yield of an entry as percentage over a local check. GY Relative to check Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. GFPTT Computation Net blotch incidence HtereInc Net blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (helminthosporium teres). Leaf Net blotch incidence NIRS Starch Measurement NIR calibrated Dough alveograph value G Dough G stands for the square root of the volume of air in the bubble that was possible before the bubble burst. shows how flexible the dough was during the test. Alveograph value G AlvG Leaf area index LAI Leaf area index It is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies and defined as the leaf area per unit ground surface area. Plant Observe winterkill of plants per plot and rate it. WKill Estimation Armyworm damage Armyworm damage The plant damage caused by armyworm. ArmyWDmg Plant Spike Density SpkDen Spike density Density or compactness of a wheat spike. GIron Measurement Standard method for grain iron content. Dwarf bunt incidence Dwarf bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia controversa. Spike TcontInc Dwarf bunt incidence Leaf Rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide through the stomata. Stomatal conductance StomaCond Leaf stomatal conductance Leaf spectral reflectance 750/700 nm The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R700 nm wavelength. Spectral reflectance Leaf LeafR750R700 Leaf ETR Electron transport rate Transfer of electrons during photosynthesis in light saturated leaf. Leaf electron transport rate TTTS Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until terminal spikelet(thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. PlntStnd Counting Counting the number of plant per area or row. Standard method for spike type. SpkTyp Estimation Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. ISBM Measurement Spike FHBSpkWt Fusarium head blight spike weight Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spike weight text Distorted leaves and stems are evident prior to heading. As diseased plants approach maturity, galls are formed in the florets, replacing the kernels. The galls are similar in shape to the seed they replace and are dark brown in color. Large numbers of motile larvae are present within the galls and become active after the galls have been moistened. These nematodes can act as vectors of Clavibacter tritici. SGNDmg Estimation Standard method for Fusarium wilt incidence. FoxiWilt Estimation Dough alveograph extensibility index Alveograph extensibility index Dough AlvIe It is the extensibility index of the dough. (p200/p)*100, p200: pressure (p) at 4 cm (l= 40mm) of the curve. GSize Grain size Grain Grain size. Size PrecoResp Estimation Standard method for leaf rust response. GNitr Nitrogen content Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Grain Grain Nitrogen content BlkPtInc Estimation Black point incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of grain with black point symptoms. 0-9 scoring scale mmol H2O/m2/s Standard method for rodent damage. RodentDmg Estimation Translocation 1BL/1RS T1BL1RS The 1bl/1rs translocation in wheat resulted from replacing the short arm of the chromosome 1b of wheat by the short arm of the chromosome 1r of rye (Secale cereale l.). Translocation 1BL/1RS Absence/Presence 1-3 FLRYELLCLS scale Standard method for straw yield. StrawYld Estimation TTIB Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until initiation of booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Rodent damage RodentDmg The plant damage caused by rodent. Rodent damage Plant Severity of rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Rust severity Estimation Spike disease development Spike disease development SpkDis The plant damage caused by spike diseases. Spike spike/m2 Sheath partitioning index Leaf Leaf sheath partitioning index. Leaf sheath partitioning index LeafSPI Standard method for awn color. AwnCol Estimation Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust notes PrecoNote Leaf Leaf rust notes 1-9 incidence scale Canopy normalized pheophytinization index Normalized pheophytinization index Canopy NPQI Normalized pheophytinization index can be used to detect chlorophyll degradation. GSurfA_Measurement Marvin method for whole surface area. Lodg Estimation Estimate of the area lodged in the sampled plot. Proportion of seed that germinate under proper condition. Grain germination Germination Grain Germ Tilletia laevis incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TlaevInc Estimation Length of rachis. Rachis Rachis length RachLng Length SpkGW Measurement Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. 1-5 GRNCOL scale Standard method for stomatal conductance. StomaCond Measurement grain/spike m Standard method for loaf volume. LofVol Measurement Tilletia tritici bunt incidence Spike TtritInc Tilletia tritici bunt incidence Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia tritici (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a low pH (acid) soil field and rate the tolerance. AcdTol Estimation cm PstriResp Stripe rust plant response Stripe rust plant response Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Leaf GgtriInc Estimation Standard method for take all incidence. GrwCls Estimation Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat spikelet/spike Booting thermal time Plant TTB Thermal Time from emergence to Booting (GS45). Booting thermal time Standard method for karnal bunt incidence. TindiInc Estimation Number InfertSpkN Number of infertile spikelet per spike. Spike Infertile spike number 1-6 Phenological relative scale 1-3 STMSOL scale GrwStg Zadoks Estimation Observe the growth stage or development stage (DS) of wheat plants using the Zadoks scale decimal code, based on 10 major stages, with each stage divided into sub-stages. True stem partitioning index True stem partitioning index True stem partitioning index. TSPI Stem GW Weight Grain Grain weight Grain weight usually expressed as weight of single, one hundred, two hundred or thousand grains. Double ridge time Double ridge time Double ridge time is just when apex changes from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. DRidge Plant tiller/m Normalized water index 3 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Canopy Canopy normalized water index 3 NWI3 Normalized water index 3 Spike Karnal bunt incidence Karnal bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia indica (syn. Neovossia indica). Karnal bunt incidence TindiInc Spike dry weight Spike dry weight Dry weight of spike(s). SpkDW Spike Plant TTIB Booting initiation thermal time Initiation of Booting thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Initiation of Booting (GS41). GFR Grain fill rate Grain weight increase per day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Plant Grain fill rate Amax Leaf Leaf light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light and CO2. Light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Spike Fusarium head blight spike incidence FHBSpkInc Fusarium head blight spike incidence Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in spikes caused by the agent fusarium spp. BSMV Estimation Standard method for barley stripe mosaic virus incidence. 0-9 GRNAPP scale µmol CO2/mol Sprouting tolerance Sprouting tolerance Tolerance of grain to sprout when in the spike. Grain SproutTol Fusarium graminearum severity Fusarium graminearum severity FgramSev Fusarium graminearum severity in the plants. Spike Color observation on the outer glume at maturity. GlmCol Color Glume color Glume Calculated as time between emergence (DS10) and first node detectable (DS31) as percentage of crop cycle duration. VgP Computation Standard method for stem diameter. StmDia Measurement BM Plant Aboveground biomass at maturity All above-ground biomass at maturity. Aboveground biomass at maturity Calculated as time between double ridge (approx. DS14) and anthesis (DS65) as percentage of crop cycle duration. RepP Computation Image Analysis Screen Count1 Standard method for screening grain size distribution >2.8 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R)machine. Standard method for stem wall thickness. StmWallThk Measurement Heat tolerance Heat tolerance HeatTol Plant Plant tolerance to heat conditions. Leaf PhordInc Barley leaf rust incidence Barley leaf rust incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Barley leaf rust incidence CTD Canopy Temperature depression Canopy temperature depression Difference between ambient temperature and canopy temperature. Sample as for spikelets per spike randomly select 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the spikelets, thresh, count grains, and calculate, or less accurately simply calculate from calculated grains per spike and measured spikelet number. GrnSpl Computation ?mol/m2/s Leaf maximal fluorescence intensity FmDL Leaf Maximal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Maximal fluorescence intensity Root RootDis Root disease development Root disease development The plant damage caused by root diseases. Stem rust seedling response PgramSdlgResp Stem rust seedling response Seedling Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. GY Computation Use formulae to calculate grain yield in g/m2 Harvest index Biomass partitioning to grain Plant HI A ratio of grain yield to total above ground biomass. DroughtTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under droughted condition and rate the tolerance. Plant Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Septoria nodorum blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Stagonospora nodorum (syn. Septoria glume blotch) (Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude (syn. Stagonospora nodorum). SnodoInc Quantum yield of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation. PhiCO2 Quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Leaf Leaf quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation index Plant RsolaInc Rhizoctonia root rot incidence Rhizoctonia root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia solani. Rhizoctonia root rot incidence Spike shattering Observation of grains dehiscence from spike at maturity. Spike Shattering Shattering Leaf R750/R700 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/700. Standard method for spectral reflectance. Canopy spectral reflectance Measurement Standard method for fluorescence measurement. PhiPS2 Measurement Barley leaf rust severity Barley leaf rust severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Leaf Barley leaf rust severity PhordSev LeafGlau Estimation Standard method for leaf glaucousness. Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until anthesis (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTA Computation GWTTILL Grain weight Tiller Grain weight per tiller Grain weight per tiller. Grain Grain hardness is used as a grading factor to determine the type of wheat. It is a key determinant for classification of wheat and end product quality. Grain hardness Hardness GHrd Yield factor. GYFac Yield factor Grain Grain yield factor Standard method for grain phosphorus content. GPhos Measurement Fusarium wilt incidence FoxiWilt Fusarium wilt incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium oxysporum. Fusarium wilt incidence Plant BTol Estimation The response of a cultivar or genotype is expressed on a score 1-9, where 1= highly susceptible and 9 = highly tolerant, based on the extent of bronze colored necrosis of leaf tips extending down the leaf margins Common bunt spike incidence TilSpSpkInc Common bunt (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia species. Spike Common bunt spike incidence Standard method for semolina yellow pigment. SemoYellPig Measurement Starch content Grain starch content Grain Content of starch (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Gstarch t/ha FgramInc Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum incidence. GluTyp Estimation Gluten type is determined based on gluten properties data (flour protein content, Alveograph W, Alveograph P/L) following Peña 2011: Wheat End-use Quality types. ALVEOGRAPH determination AACC 54-30 A 1. A sample of 60 grams or 250 grams of flour is mixed with a salt solution to form a dough. 2. The dough is sheeted, rested and inflated in the Chopin Alveograph, 2. Five 4.5 centimeter circular dough patties are formed and then rested in the alveograph in a temperature-regulated compartment at 25 degrees Celsius for approximately 20 minutes, 3. Each dough patty is tested individually. The alveograph blows air into a dough patty, which expands into a bubble that eventually breaks, 4. The pressure inside the bubble is recorded as a curve on graph paper. The alveograph determines the gluten strength of a dough by measuring the force required to blow and break a bubble of dough. The results include P Value, L Value, and W Value. Coleoptile length Coleoptile Length ColeopLng Length of coleoptile (a protective sheath that surrounds the shoot tip and the embryonic leaves of the young shoot of grasses). PedPubDen Peduncle pubescence density Peduncle hairiness density. Peduncle Pubescence density GrnSpl Grain number per spikelet Spikelet Grain number Number of grains per spikelet. g/day TllrCapacity Estimation Standard method for tillering capacity. Whole meal flour The whole meal flour color. Whole meal flour color Color WMFlrCol HavenDmg The wheat cyst nematode damage caused by cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae. Cyst nematode damage Cyst nematode damage Root Leaf Barley leaf rust incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection PhordCI Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection ppm Common root rot incidence Common root rot incidence Plant RootRot Common root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agents Cochliobolus sativus, fusarium spp., and Pythium species. Water index use reflectance at 970 nm as a wavelength sensitive to water content, while reflectance at 900 nm is taken as a reference which is similarly affected by canopy and leaf structures but with null absorption by water. WI Canopy Canopy water index Water index degree C day Plant Winter kill damage Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Winter kill damage WKill Leaf Stomatal size StomaSiz Leaf stomatal size Stomata size. Calculated as sum of straw Nitrogen content and grain Nitrogen content according to the biomass partition into straw and grain. BM NIRS Computation Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R550. Leaf R550 Measurement Calculated as total grain Nitrogen divided by the total biomass Nitrogen. NHI Computation Septoria blotch severity Septoria blotch severity Septoria blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Leaf SepSpSev Tiller Tiller number TN Tiller number Number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per unit area, sample or plant. Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. GFP pct Computation ColeopLng Measurement Standard method for coleoptile length. g/l Flour Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a3. GluA3 Normalized difference vegetation index RNDVI Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Canopy Canopy red normalized difference vegetation index Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II Quantum yield of photosystem II Quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII. Leaf PhiPS2 Plant stand PlntStnd Stand Plant Plant population or plant density. a value Flag smut disease response in the plants caused by the agent Urocystic agropyri causing flag smut disease. Flag smut plant response Plant Flag smut plant response UagroResp Asat Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Appearance of a single grain. Appearance Grain appearance Grain GApp Standard method for anther extrusion. AnthExt Estimation Variable fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FvDA Measurement RachLng Measurement Standard method for rachis length. StmWSC Measurement Sampling for water soluble carbohydrate is often combined with in-season biomass sampling and partitioning. Ensure to plan sampling approach carefully to allow for maximal data collection/economy of sampling (e.g., data on partitioning weights can be collected on the same 20 culm sample). The leaf lamina and/or leaf sheath may also be analyzed for WSC separately, or not removed from the stem for ?whole stem? analysis. Lab analysis is performed by NIR or wet chemical method. 1-9 scoring scale Grain carbon isotope discrimination at maturity from drought trials provides genotypic effects most likely to be related to transpiration rate or an integrative measurement of stomatal conductance. Carbon isotope discrimination Grain GCID Grain carbon isotope discrimination PstriCI Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust coefficient of infection Stripe rust coefficient of infection Leaf Standard method for Septoria species incidence. SepSPInc Estimation LeafTR Leaf transpiration rate Leaf transpiration rate Leaf Leaf transpiration rate. GCol Grain Grain color Color Grain color. Calculated grain weight increase per degree day with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. GFRTT Computation ErlVig Estimation Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. 1-5 Phenological relative scale SpkDen Estimation Standard method for spike density. Plant Aluminum tolerance AlTol Aluminum tolerance Plant tolerance to aluminum. Photoperiod response PhotopResp Plant photoperiod response Plant Extent to which long days hasten flowering. HI Computation Harvest index is expressed in percentage and can be calculated as Harvest index (%) = (Grain yield/Biomass)*100. Canopy Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b RARSb Rarsb is an estimation of chlorophyll b content. Standard method for peduncle pubescence density. PedPubDen Estimation Acid soil tolerance Plant Acid soil tolerance Plant tolerance to acid soil. AcdTol Seedling rust field response Estimation Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. 0-9 percentage scale PthornDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. Plant Snail damage The plant damage caused by snails. SnailDmg Snail damage SplN Counting Both the total number of spikelets and the number of fertile spikelets (i.e., those containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. When sampling large numbers of samples or plots, time may be saved by randomly counting one side of the spike and multiplying by two. 0-5 TANSPOT field response scale FvDAFmLA measurement Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a dark adapted leaf. Solidness of stem. StmSol Stem Stem solidness Solidness 1-5 Septoria response scale Standard method for eye spot field response. PherpResp Estimation PedGlau Peduncle Glaucousness Peduncle glaucousness Glaucousness in peduncle. Spikelet Fusarium head blight (scab) spikelets incidence caused by the agent fusarium spp. FHBSplInc Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence 0-4 PRECO scale Standard method for forage dry matter. ForgDM Estimation FvLA Measurement Variable fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. GrwHabit Estimation Observe the growth habit of wheat plants during tillering stages and rate whether erect/semi-erect/prostrate/semi-spreading/spreading PrecoResp Leaf rust plant response Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf Leaf rust plant response Grain Number of grains expressed as per unit area or sample. Grain number GN Number Standard method for soil borne mosaic virus incidence. SBMVInc Estimation Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.5 mm - 2.2 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass3 Anet Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. The wheat seed-gall nematode damage caused by Anguina tritici. Plant SGNDmg Seed gall nematode damage Seed gall nematode damage Hd Heading time extends from the time of emergence of the tip of the spike from the flag leaf sheath to when the spike has completely emerged but has not yet started to flower. Heading time Heading time Plant Standard method for awnedness. Awns Estimation LI Computation Measurement of the light intercepted by the canopy using a ceptometer as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. Bread loaf volume Baking quality of flour describing bread loaf volume. Loaf volume Bread LofVol plant/m2 Record date of when 50% of seedlings have emerged (DS10). Emer DS10 date Estimation Variable fluorescence Leaf variable fluorescence FvLA Leaf Variable fluorescence measured in the leaf. Standard method for Septoria species response. SepSpResp Estimation Standard method for leaf length. LeafLng Measurement ColdTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at temperature lower than the optimum temperature and rate the tolerance. Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Plant Stem rust coefficient of infection PgramCI Stem rust coefficient of infection Standard method for grain color. GCol Estimation GPlump Plumpness Grain plumpness Grain The degree of endosperm filling. FLeafA Flag leaf area Flag leaf Area Area of the flag leaf lamina. Nitrogen content of the above ground biomass. Plant BMNitr Above ground biomass nitrogen content Nitrogen content Emer DS10 days Computation Number of days from sowing to the seedling emergence (DS10). Flag leaf lamina FLeafLLng Length Flag leaf lamina length Length of flag leaf lamina. Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R675. Leaf R675 Measurement DroughtTol Plant Drought tolerance Plant tolerance to drought conditions. Drought tolerance Observation of awn type whether awnless/awnletted (short awns)/awned (conspicious awns). Spike Awns Awnedness Spike awnedness method_of Plant tolerance to soil salinity. Salinity tolerance Plant SaltTol Salinity tolerance 1. A sample of 35 grams of flour on a 14 percent moisture basis is weighed and placed in a mixograph bowl, 2. Water is added to the flour from a buret and the bowl is inserted into the mixograph, 3. The flour and water are mixed together to form a dough, 4. As the dough is mixed, the mixograph records a curve on graph paper. MIXOGRAPH determination AACC 54-40 A Stem water soluble carbohydrate StmWSC Stem Water soluble carbohydrates accumulate up to and around anthesis and are partitioned to the stem, from where they are later available as a reservoir for remobilization to the developing grains. These reserves are an important source of carbon for grain filling. Water soluble carbohydrate content Standard method for barley yellow dwarf incidence. BYDInc Estimation PgramNote Stem rust notes Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Plant Stem rust notes The ratio between average height and width of cookies. Cookie Spread factor Cookie spread factor CookSdF Semolina Protein content in durum wheat semolina. Semolina protein content Protein content SemoProt TTB Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Calculated with grain yield obtained /days to maturity. GYPR Computation Plant damage caused by herbicide. Plant Herbicide damage HerbicideDmg Herbicide damage Leaf Lamina Coefficient = Lamina DM measured at7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf lamina is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. LeafPI Computation 1-9 general scale Standard method for crop growth rate. CropGrwRate Computation Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriInc Leaf Stripe rust incidence Stripe rust incidence NeckBreak Observation of spike break from the base of head. Peduncle Neck break Peduncle neck break Mixograph type MixTyp Dough Mixograph type (mixograph curve) is used for determining the strength of dough. Dough mixograph type Spike sterility observed as infertile florets. SpkSterility Spike Sterility Spike sterility index Grain number Number of grains per spike. GrnSpk Spike Grain number per spike Assessment of physiological maturity (approx. DS87) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Mat DS87 relative Estimation LRollSev Estimation Standard method for leaf rolling severity. The plant damage caused by birds. Bird damage Plant BirdDmg Bird damage Ash content in flour. WMFlrAsh Ash content Whole meal flour Whole meal flour ash content Number Infertile tiller Number of infertile tillers per unit area, sample or plant. InfertTN Infertile tiller number Grain Iron content Content of iron in grain. Grain Iron content GIron Barley yellow dwarf incidence Barley yellow dwarf incidence Plant BYDInc Wheat yellow dwarf incidence in the plants caused by the agent wheat yellow dwarf virus. AgrScr Estimation For agronomic score observe visually detectable signs of factors limiting yields and rate. Leaf Length of leaf. Leaf length Length LeafLng Standard method for stem length. StmLng Measurement Image Analysis Screen Mass4 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.2 mm - 2.0 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Calculated with final biomass obtained /days to maturity. BMPR Computation FoLA Measurement Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. 0-5 incidence scale Powdery mildew incidence Powdery mildew incidence in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. EgramInc Powdery mildew incidence Leaf Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.8 mm - 2.5 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass2 1-3 STDEST scale SawflyDmg Estimation Standard method for sawfly damage. SedIdx Measurement Standard method for sedimentation index. Glutenin Glu-B1 composition Glutenin Glu-B1 composition High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b1. GluB1 Flour GlmPubLng Measurement Standard method for glume pubescence length. LRollSev Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Rolling severity Leaf Leaf rolling severity Straw Breakage Amount of straw breakage. Straw breakage StrawBreak Stem rust plant response Plant Stem rust plant response Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. PgramResp Standard method for grain lysine content. GLys Measurement Grain GYellBer Yellow berry incidence Grain yellow berry incidence Refers to grains showing chalky or starchy endosperm areas. StrawStn Straw Strength of straw. Straw strength Strength s Spot blotch incidence HsatiLInc Spot blotch incidence Spot blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (helminthosporium sativum). Leaf g/m2 Pratylenchus thornei damage Root The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei. PthornDmg Pratylenchus thornei damage Standard method for leaf width. LeafWid Measurement Awn color Color Awn Awn color. AwnCol Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Fs Measurement WtrLoggDmg Estimation Score the damage caused by waterlogging WMFlrFN Measurement Standard method for whole meal flour falling number. Leaf LeafR750R700 Leaf spectral reflectance 750/550 nm Spectral reflectance The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R550 nm wavelength. Calculated as the grain yield divided by the total soil Nitrogen. NUE Computation Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. RUET Computation FlrSDS Flour SDS sedimentation volume Testing of refined flour quality by sds-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. Flour SDS sedimentation AlTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a soil presenting aluminum toxicity and rate the tolerance. ErlVig Plant Plant early vigour Capacity of a seedling or plant to grow vegetatively in early stages of development. Early vigour Plant Growth habit The growth habit of the plant whether erect/semi-erect/semi-spreading/spreading/prostrate. Plant growth habit GrwHabit FlrYellCls Measurement 15).]]> variable_of %/min GFPTT Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87) in thermal time. Grain filling period thermal time Grain filling period thermal time Plant 1-3 STRAWStrength Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the seedlings caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriSdlgResp Stripe rust seedling response Seedling Stripe rust seedling response GYellBer Measurement Standard method for yellow berry incidence. TanSpotInc Estimation Standard method for tan spot incidence in adult plants. Calculate number of plant per area. PlntStnd Computation It can be easily and non-destructively measured during grain-filling (i.e., before physiological maturity) by counting in a given area or length of row. SN Measurement LeafGlau Glaucousness in leaf. Glaucousness Leaf glaucousness Leaf Calculated from yield components sampling. SN Computation Glume glaucousness GlmGlau Glaucousness in glume. Glaucousness Glume FgramResp Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum response. Soil borne mosaic incidence Leaf SBMVInc Soil borne mosaic incidence Soil borne mosaic incidence in the plants caused by the agent soilborne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv) which is vectored by Plasmodiophorid polymyxa graminis. Plant Take-all incidence in the plants caused by the agent Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt). Take all incidence GgtriInc Take all incidence FHBDON Measurement Standard method for content of deoxynivalenol or DON (vomitoxin) that is often associated with FHB (Fusarium spp.) infected grains. Protein content GProt Content of protein (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain Grain protein content Flour Flour protein content FlrProt Protein content Total protein content (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in refined flour. PedLng Measurement Standard method for peduncle length. Tip necrosis A physiological phenomenon caused by hot, dry and windy weather. the whole tip of the flag leaf tends to be necrotic and will often fold over. leaf tip necrosis progresses from the margins of the flag leaf tip and lower leaves as well show some signs of it. leaf tip necrosis is observed to some extent in all wheat varieties containing the leaf rust gene resistance gene lr34. Leaf tip necrosis incidence Leaf LeafTNecro s/m 0-8 Rust infection type StayGreen Stay green Canopy stay green Ability of the plant to remain/maintain green leaves, stems and spikes at the time of senescing. Canopy Fusarium head blight grain incidence Fusarium head blight grain incidence Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Grain FHBGInc SpkLng Measurement Measured in centimeters from the base of the spike to the tip excluding the awns (average of 6-10 random spikes in plot). Leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis Asat Leaf Light-saturated net photosynthesis Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light. Observe the tendency of flowering according day-length PhotopResp Estimation Number of days from sowing to initiation of booting (DS39-DS41). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Boot DS39 DT Computation Threshability Threshability (ease to thresh) is a score where several spike-related traits such as rachis fragility (brittle or non-brittle rachis) and glume tenacity (hulled or free-threshing). Spike threshability Threshblty Spike Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a Rarsa is an estimation of chlorophyll a content. Canopy Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a RARSa Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. LeafTR Measurement infertile tiller/m delta 13C 1-3 GRNCOL scale The number of grains per spike can be measured independently by threshing a known number of randomly selected spikes per plot (10-20 spikes per plot) or can be calculated as: Grains per spike (GSP) = grains m2 / spikes m2. GrnSpk Computation L value The plant damage caused by Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxis. DnoxiDmg Plant Russian wheat aphid damage Russian wheat aphid damage Grain number (GNO) as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. GNO determines the sink size of the crop and under many conditions it is strongly correlated with yield. Grains/m2 (GNO) = yield (g/m2) / TGW (g) × 1000. GN Computation Standard method for awn length. AwnLng Measurement 1-8 rust field response scale Terminal spikelet time Plant TSpl Terminal spikelet time Terminal spikelet time is when the last spikelet, the terminal spikelet, has been produced. Grain filling period Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). GFP Plant Grain filling period FLeafSen Estimation Rate using a scale from 0 (0% senescence) to 10 (100% senescence) using the guide, in increments of 10%. RARSc Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Canopy Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Rarsc is an estimation of carotenoid content. StritResp Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch response. Grain protein deviation Deviation from the grain yield -grain protein linear regression. GPD Plant Grain Protein Deviation Semolina yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. SemoYellPig Yellow pigment content Semolina Semolina yellow pigment content Bacterial leaf streak severity in the plants caused by the agent Xanthomonas translucens. The disease, called black chaff when on the glumes. Leaf Bacterial leaf streak severity BLSSev Bacterial leaf streak severity 1. A 10-gram sample of flour or ground wheat is weighed and placed into the glutomatic washing chamber on top of the polyester screen, 2. The sample is mixed and washed with a 2 percent salt solution for 5 minutes, 3. The wet gluten is removed from the washing chamber, placed in the centrifuge holder, and centrifuged, 4. The residue retained on top of the screen and through the screen is weighed. FLRGluCon Measurement Grain Grain yield production rate Grain yield production rate. GYPR Yield production rate Standard method for foliar disease development. FolDis Estimation Eyespot plant response Eye spot response in the plants caused by the fungal species Tapesia yallundae (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoide w-type) and Tapesia acuformis (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides r-type). Symptoms: the eye shape elliptical lesions forms on lower base of stem and lower leaf sheath. The eyespots are straw yellow in color from the middle and are surrounded by the greenish brown to dark brown rings. Eyespot plant response Plant PherpResp SN Number of spikes (fertile culms) per unit area, sample or plant. Spike Spike number Number scale_of Standard method for neck break. NeckBreak Estimation Standard method for snail damage. SnailDmg Estimation TllrCapacity Tillering capacity Plant An tillering capacity. Tillering capacity TanSpotSdlgResp Estimation Standard method for scoring tan spot response in seedlings. NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement Stem length Stem Length Length of stem. StmLng GlmCol Estimation Standard method for glume color. Leaf area of flag leaf or all laminas is measured. Then the leaves are oven dried at 60-70oC for 48h and the dry weight is recorded. Then, the specific leaf area is calculated as the ratio of leaf area to dry mass SLA= leaf area/dry mass. SLA Measurement Growth stage Growth/developmental stages based on Zadoks decimal code. Plant Growth stage GrwStg Flour falling number Flour FlrFN The falling number is defined as the time in seconds required stirring and allowing stirrer to fall a measured distance through a hot aqueous flour or meal gel undergoing liquefaction due to a-amylase activity. Falling number FND DS31 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to first node detectable. However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Normalized water index 4 Canopy Normalized water index 4 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). NWI4 Canopy normalized water index 4 ETR Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Fusarium leaf blotch severity FnivLBSev Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) severity in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). Fusarium leaf blotch severity Plant Testing of whole-meal flour quality by SDS-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. Whole meal flour Whole meal flour SDS sedimentation SDS-sedimentation volume WMFlrSDS 1. A 7-gram sample of ground wheat or flour is weighed and combined with 25 milliliter of distilled water in a glass falling number tube with a stirrer and shaken to form a slurry. When grinding a wheat sample to perform a falling number test, it should be at least 300 grams to assure a representative sample, 2. As the slurry is heated in a boiling water bath at 100° Centigrade and stirred constantly, the starch gelatinizes and forms a thick paste, 3. The time it takes the stirrer to drop through the paste is recorded as the falling number value. FlrFN Measurement Calculated as the deviation from the yield-protein linear regression. GPD Computation Gluten type Flour gluten type Gluten type whether weak-tenacious/tenacious/weak/medium strong/strong. Flour GluTyp Fusarium head blight (scab) spike response caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spike response Fusarium head blight spike response FHBSpkResp Spike 0-5 FHB field response scale SnodoInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria nodorum blotch incidence PrecoInc Estimation Standard method for leaf rust incidence. Plant Above ground biomass nitrogen efficiency BMNUE The above ground biomass production per total Nitrogen available to a plant. Nitrogen Use Efficiency Leaf Leaf thickness Measurement of leaf thickness. Thickness LeafThk g/degree C day Peduncle Peduncle length Length of peduncle. PedLng Length Standard method for cookie spread factor. CookSdF Measurement 1-9 TOL scale Standard method for grain appearance. GApp Estimation Standard method for loose smut incidence. UtritInc Estimation Leaf steady-state fluorescence The fluorescence emitting during steady state. Steady-state fluorescence Fs Leaf AlvPL Dough Ratio of tenacity (p, maximum pressure required for the deformation of the sample) and extensibility (l, length of the curve) of dough. Dough alveograph P/L Alveograph P/L Standard method for sterility index computation. SpkSterility Computation Plant ISBM All above-ground biomass at any developmental stage and/or at regular intervals from the emergence to physiological maturity. Aboveground biomass In-season In-season aboveground biomass Leaf Carbon isotope discrimination Leaf carbon isotope discrimination LeafCID Leaves carbon isotope discrimination can be measured in the leaves during early canopy development in well irrigated trials, in which case genotypic effects will be related mainly to transpiration efficiency. SDS-sedimentation determination A small sample of flour or ground wheat (1.0 grams) is weighed and placed in 25-milliliter glass-stoppered graduated cylinder. This is mixed with different solutions for some minutes and then rested. Finally, the volume of the sediment is recorded after 21 minutes. Southern blight plant response Southern blight response in the plants caused by the agent Corticum rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii). Southern blight plant response Plant SrolfResp BTol Plant Boron tolerance Plant tolerance to high levels of soil boron. Boron tolerance Bacterial leaf blight severity Wheat bacterial leaf blight severity in the plants caused by the agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. symptoms: small (less than 0.04 inches) water-soaked lesions expand and eventually coalesce. initial lesions become necrotic and turn from gray-green to tan-white. Entire leaves may become necrotic, but heads and glumes are typically symptomless. Bacterial leaf blight severity Leaf BLBSev Flour Content of wet gluten in flour. Flour gluten content Gluten content FLRGluCon FHBSpkWt Computation Relative spike weight is calculated by dividing spike weight (at maturity) from infected by the non-infected. Standard method for barley scald blight severity. RsecaSev Estimation Spikelet SplN Spikelet number Number of spikelets per spike. Number g/plant Barley stripe mosaic incidence in the plants caused by barley stripe mosaic virus. BSMV Plant Barley stripe mosaic incidence Barley stripe mosaic incidence Standard method for canopy temperature depression. CTD Computation GScreen Measurement Measured as weight by percentage of all matter passing through a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots ISBM Computation Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. Time between double ridge (approx. ds14) and anthesis (ds65). Plant Reproductive period RepP Reproductive period Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at the field presenting soil salinity and rate the tolerance. SaltTol Estimation Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain Nitrogen uptake Grain Nitrogen uptake GNUp 1-3 GLMCOL scale Image Analysis Screen Count5 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.0 ? 1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Leaf Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. PrecoCI Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf rust coefficient of infection Plant Lodging incidence Lodging incidence Lodg Indicates incidence of lodged plants. ml/% BM Measurement Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. Plant Insect damage InsectDmg Insect damage The plant damage caused by insects. mmol/m2/s Content of phosphorus in grain. Phosphorous content Grain phosphorous content Grain GPhos L value is the extensibility of the dough before the bubble breaks. it is indicated by the length of the curve. Dough AlvL Alveograph value L Dough alveograph value L Grain fill rate thermal time Grain weight increase per degree day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Plant Grain fill rate thermal time GFRTT 1-5 RELTPH scale Grain Nitrogen utilization efficiency Grain Nitrogen utilization efficiency as the grain dry mass in relation to the total amount of Nitrogen in above-ground plant at harvest. NutE Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency 1-5 GLUTYP scale Image Analysis Screen Mass5 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.0 mm - 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Color SemoCol Semolina color Semolina The semolina color. Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B. Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B Standard method for root disease development. RootDis Estimation Threshblty Estimation Observe threshability by hand threshing of one or two spikes and rate it according how easily grains are separated from the rachis and glumes using 1 (hard to thresh) to 9 (easy to thresh) scale. Standard method for whole grain length. GLng Measurement GReten Measurement Measured as weight by percentage of all matter remaining above a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots. Standard method for FHB spike response. FHBSpkResp Estimation Leaf lamina partitioning index. LeafPI Leaf lamina partitioning index Lamina partitioning index Leaf FHBAUDPC Computation Calculate area under disease progress curve. GThk Measurement Standard method for whole grain thickness. StrawYield_Computation Calculated as difference between biomass and grain yield. Leaf Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. TanSpotInc Tan spot incidence Tan spot incidence Stem diameter StmDia Stem outer diameter. Stem Diameter Ant damage Ant damage AntDmg The plant damage caused by ants. Plant Leaf Stomatal resistance Resistance to diffusion of water vapor through a plant stomata. Leaf stomatal resistance StomaRes LeafSPI Computation Leaf Sheath Coefficient = Leaf Sheath DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf sheath is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. Is the result of dividing sedimentation volume by flour protein content. Flour SedIdx Sedimentation index Flour SDS sedimentation index Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.5 ? 2.2 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count3 TcontInc Estimation Standard method for dwarf bunt incidence. Glutenin Glu-D3 composition GluD3 Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d3. Flour Glutenin Glu-D3 composition 1-5 TOL scale GAmyloPec Measurement Standard method for grain amylopectin content. Bread crumb structure Bread CrmStr Structure The cellular structure of wheat bread crumb. Record date of initiation of booting stage when 50% of the culms expected to produce spikes are between DS39 (Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible) and DS41 (Flag leaf sheath extending). Boot DS39 date Estimation Indication of the amount of sprout damage that has occurred within a wheat sample. falling number value of 350 seconds or longer indicates a low enzyme activity and very sound wheat quality. as the amount of enzyme activity increases, the falling number decreases. Values below 200 seconds indicate high levels of enzyme activity. Falling number WMFlrFN Whole meal flour falling number Whole meal flour plant/ha Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground biomass at harvest. BMNUp Computation Septoria blotch incidence Septoria blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Leaf SepSPInc Septoria blotch incidence High throughput approaches to measuring ground cover are: visual assessment or digital analysis of photographs GrndCov Measurement Dough mixograph torque Mixograph torque MixTq It is the torque measured during the mixograph test. Dough tiller/plant Stripe rust severity Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriSev Leaf Stripe rust severity Standard method for insect damage. InsectDmg Estimation GlmPubDen Estimation Standard method for glume pubescence density. g GVtr Estimation Standard method for seed vitreousness. GlmLng Measurement Standard method for glume length. g/100 grain g/m2/day TTH Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until emergence (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Standard method for ash content in whole meal flour. WMFlrAsh Estimation FlrYld Measurement Standard method for flour yield. Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. GFP days Computation GFR Computation Calculated daily grain weight increase between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration. Calculated as grain yield per unit of Nitrogen taken up. Nute Computation Length of glume. Glume length GlmLng Length Glume Septoria tritici blotch severity Septoria tritici blotch severity Plant Septoria tritici blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. StritSev AgrScr Phenotypic acceptability Rating of overall agronomic attributes and health of plants. Plant Agronomic score NIR calibrated NIRS Fibre Measurement The disease severity in the plants caused by the agent Helminthosporium species. Helminthosporium species severity Helminthosporium species severity HelSpSev Plant Canopy normalized water index 1 NWI1 Normalized water index 1 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Normalized water index 1 Canopy mg/kg RsolaInc Estimation Standard method for rhizoctonia root rot incidence. It is the rate of dry matter production per unit area. CGR Biomass production Plant Crop growth rate CID determination Proceed following the protocol for sampling of grains or leaves for CID in Chapter 6 in Pask et al., 2012. Mass spectrometers generate differential values of stable carbon isotope composition (?13C), expressed negative values in parts per thousand (?) (Farquhar et al., 1989): ?13C (?) = [(Rsample/Rstandard)?1] × 1000. Where: the ratio of heavy to light isotope (R = 13C/12C) for the sample is in comparison to Peedee Belemnite (PDB) carbonate (limestone) standard. Following Farquhar et al. (1989) ? rather than using carbon isotope composition values (?13C), positive values for CID (?13C) can be calculated for easier statistical analysis as: ?13C = [(?a-?p)]/[1 + (?p/1000)] WMFlrYellPig Measurement Standard method for whole meal flour yellow pigment. HesFlyDmg Estimation Standard method for hessian fly damage. num Waterlogging damage WtrLoggDmg Plant Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Waterlogging damage 0-9 AWNS scale NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. Flag leaf senescence. FLeafSen Senescence Flag leaf Flag leaf senescence WormDmg Estimation Standard method for worm damage. 1-5 density scale GW Measurement Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. TTH Plant Heading thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Heading (GS55). Heading thermal time 0-12 Modified Cobb Scale Plant Nitrogen harvest index Nitrogen harvest index The fraction of Nitrogen recovered in the harvested grain as a function of the total Nitrogen taken up. NHI Suni pest damage Plant Suni pest damage SuPDmg The plant damage caused by suni pest (Eurygaster spp., sunn pest, suni bug). HtereInc Estimation Standard method for net blotch incidence. FHBSplInc Computation Calculated as the index (ratio) of infected spikelets over total number of spikelets by Calonectria nivalis (Fusarium nivale, F. graminearum) causing scab disease in spike. Spike The final outcome of the floret developmental rates (determining the number of floret primordia that reach the stage of fertile florets at anthesis) and the proportion of grain set per fertile floret (the opposite to grain abortion), per unit of spike weight. Fruiting efficiency Fruiting efficiency FE Zadoks or decimal code (00-99) TanSpotResp Estimation Standard method for scoring tan spot response in adult plants. Proportion of small grain passing through a sieve. GScreen Grain Grain screenings Screenings proportion Vitreousness GVtr One of the key quality parameters in the determination of durum quality referring to translucent or glass-like appearance when seeds are transversely sectioned and observed whether not vitreous/partly vitreous/vitreous. it is associated with high protein and hard grain. Grain Grain vitreousness LRollInc Estimation Standard method for leaf rolling incidence. 1-4 HRDCLS scale Standard method for powdery mildew incidence. EgramInc Estimation FrostDmg Estimation Score the damage caused by frost per plot. Barley helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence in the plants caused by the agent Drechslera graminea (helminthosporium gramineum). HgramInc Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Leaf Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Standard method for stomatal frequency. StomaFrq Counting Standard spike dry weight method. SpkDW Computation Hd DS55 date Estimation Record date of heading (DS55) when 50% of the spike is emerged (i.e., middle of the spike at the flag leaf ligule) on 50% of all stems. Standard method for stomatal resistance. StomaRes Measurement Image Analysis Screen Count2 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.8 ? 2.5 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. RLNDmg Root The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. Root lesion nematode damage Root lesion nematode damage Record date of physiological maturity (approx. DS87). It is estimated as when the grain reaches the maximum dry weight and the grain becomes viable. It is most easily determined in-field when 50% of the peduncles are ripe (i.e., yellow). Mat DS87 date Estimation Seedling rust field response Estimation Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. Hd DS55 days Computation Number of days required from sowing to spike emergence from the flag leaf (DS55). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. 1-5 LRoll scale LeafTNecro Estimation Leaf tip necrosis is observed and rated in percentage. cm2 Standard method for screening grain size distribution <1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count6 Grain Surface of whole grain. Grain surface area GsurfA Surface area Standard method for crumb structure. CrmStr Estimation 0-9 Mc Neal scale kg/ha Stem rust severity Plant PgramSev Stem rust severity Stem rust (black rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. degree C FHBSplInc Counting Standard method for FHB infected spikelets counting. Leaf pubescence density Leaf hairiness density. Pubescence density LeafPubDen Leaf Growth class GrwCls Growth class Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat. Plant Boot Booting time Booting time is just prior to spike emergence, when the flag leaf sheath encloses the growing spike. Booting time Plant Standard method for armyworm damage. ArmyWDmg Estimation 1-3 HRDCLS scale Note Estimation Notes taken in the field. µmol CO2/m2/s Straw NIR calibrated. STR NIRS Measurement The weight of the grain harvested is registered on a scale, decide which method suit better for your objectives. In breeding trials, a sample area (rather than the whole plot) is generally used for estimating yield. Discard borders when combine harvest for a better estimation of yield. GY Measurement min Plant Septoria tritici blotch incidence Septoria tritici blotch incidence StritInc Septoria tritici blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Calculated as the above ground biomass divided by the total soil Nitrogen. BMNUE Computation Score the damage caused by hail. HailDmg Estimation 1-6 SPKTYPE scale Leaf Alternaria leaf blight plant response Alternaria leaf blight plant response AtritResp Alternaria leaf blight response in the plants caused by the agent Alternaria triticina. Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the MCNEAL scale. Field response McNEAL Estimation Node number Number of nodes in the main stem. Stem NodeN Node number HavenDmg Estimation Cereal cyst nematodes are more readily detected on seedlings than on adult plants. The roots of infested plants develop frequent branches and swellings (cysts). PhiCO2 Measurement Standard method for gas exchange measurement. 1-3 SIZE scale LRollInc Rolling incidence Incidence of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Leaf rolling incidence Leaf Chlorophyll content Leaf LeafPSSRb Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll b Uptake of Nitrogen in the above ground biomass at maturity. BMNUp Above ground biomass nitrogen uptake Plant Nitrogen uptake FLeafLLng Measurement Standard method for flag leaf lamina length. Image Analysis Screen Mass6 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that are below 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. BLBSev Estimation Standard method for wheat bacterial leaf blight severity. FgramInc Fusarium graminearum incidence Spike Fusarium graminearum incidence in the plants. Fusarium graminearum incidence Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.2 ? 2.0 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count4 StomaSiz Measurement Standard method for stomatal size. PlntVig Estimation Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. Fusarium head blight AUDPC Fusarium head blight AUDPC Spike FHBAUDPC Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. FE Computation Spike fertility index. Dry weight of 20 randomly selected spikes at anthesis. Fruiting Efficiency= number of grains at maturity / spike dry matter at anthesis. Height of plant from ground to top of spike, excluding awns. Plant height PH Plant Height Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with chemical method Antrone. StmWSC Atrone Measurement Record date of double ridge stage (DS14-15 approx.). Double ridge signifies that the plant?s main growing point will produce no more primordial leaves, and instead will produce primordial spikelets of the young spike. The dissection and observation of the main tiller apex on an optic magnifier is required. DR date Estimation SuPDmg Estimation Standard method for suni pest damage. Score a relative plant height to local check using 1-5 scale where 3 is used for the local check (1 = short, 5 = tall). Assessment of plant height compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. PH Estimation RcereInc Estimation Main shoots are assessed for sharp eyespot disease. PrecoSdlgResp Leaf rust seedling response Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Seedling Leaf rust seedling response Biomass Nitrogen utilization efficiency Biomass Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency as the biomass in relation to the total amount of N in above-ground plant at harvest. Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency BMNUtE Plant 1-3 SEDVTR scale LAI Computation LAI can be determined directly by taking a sample of canopy from a plant canopy, measuring the leaf area per sample plot with an area meter or image scanner and dividing it by the plot land surface area. Indirect methods use ceptometer to measure canopy geometry or light extinction and relate it to LAI. (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2). Zinc content GZinc Grain Grain Zinc content Content of zinc in grain. Leaf SepSpResp Septoria blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Septoria blotch plant response Septoria blotch plant response Emer Emergence time Emergence time Plant Emergence time is when the first leaf appears above the soil surface. GZinc Measurement Standard method for grain zinc content. DR DT Computation Number of days from sowing to double ridge (DS14-15 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. 1-3 GRNPLUMP scale GAmyloPec Grain amylopectin content Content of amylopectin in grain. Grain Amylopectin content FmDA Measurement Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results AntDmg Estimation Standard method for ant damage. 1-9 STRAWBREAK scale Spike Grain weight per spike Grain weight per spike. SpkGW Grain weight STRNitr Straw Nitrogen content Nitrogen content Nitrogen content of the above ground straw biomass. Straw FlrYld Proportion of flour recovered during milling. Yield Flour Flour yield Record date of first node detectable (DS31). It is easier to determine in the field than DS30. It is estimated in-field as the day at which the first node can be detected at approximately 1 cm above the tillering node. The observation is performed in the main tiller. FND DS31 date Estimation GWid Measurement Standard method for whole grain width. SpkPho Computation Textile treatment is used to inhibit photosynthesis of the spikes through shading(comparison between control and treated spikes). Randomly selected spikes (for example: 12 spikes) per plot are covered with a special designed textile 10 days after anthesis under irrigation and drought or 10 days after heading under heat environments. Then, at physiological maturity the spikes are harvested together with 12 control spikes and the number of grains and weight are recorded and compared the treated spikes with the control ones (Sanchez-Bragado et al., 2016). Standard method for FHB grain incidence. FHBGInc Estimation SDS-PAGE electrophoresis 1. Extract storage proteins (glutenins/gliadins) from wheat grain, 2. Separate glutenins from gliadins, 3. Run proteins extracts in polyacrylamide gels, 4. Stain the gel and de-stain, 5. Identify the allele for each locus. 0-9 AnthExt 1-9 SPKDEN scale RSpkGP Computation Phase period where the spike growth the most regarding the whole crop cycle and can be calculated as (anthesis date-initiation of booting date)/days to maturity *100. Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia laevis (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). Tilletia laevis bunt incidence Spike Tilletia laevis bunt incidence TlaevInc joules Ability to survive or withstand cold temperatures in the late fall, winter, or early spring. Wsurv Winter survival Winter survival Plant FHBSpkInc Estimation Standard method for FHB spike incidence. Standard method for winter survival. Wsurv Estimation Leaf R750/R550 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/R550. Net photosynthesis rate Anet Leaf Carbon fixation by photosynthesis. Leaf net photosynthesis rate NodeN Counting Standard method for node number. Width of glume. GlmWid Glume width Glume Width Anthesis thermal time Anthesis thermal time Plant TTA Thermal Time from emergence to Anthesis (GS65). Standard method for flag leaf lamina width. FLeafLWid Measurement Standard method for stem strength. StmStrength Estimation Yellow pigment content Whole meal flour WMFlrYellPig Whole meal flour yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Whole meal flour yellow pigment content The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ?chlorophyll concentration index? (CCI, ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on the flag leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles. Chl Measurement g/200 grain CCI Proportion of big grain remaining above the sieve. Retention proportion Grain Grain retention GReten FLeafLWid Width of flag leaf lamina. Flag leaf lamina Width Flag leaf lamina width Record booting stage (DS45) when 50% of culms present boot swollen. Boot DS45 date Estimation Standard method for Spot blotch incidence. HsatiLInc Estimation GNDVI Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. FLeafA Measurement Standard method for flag leaf area. SproutTol Estimation Observe the tendency of grain to sprout when in the spike and rate the tolerance. Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with NIRs. StmWSC NIR Measurement Ci Computation Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Leaf stomatal frequency Leaf Number of stomata counted per unit area on the leaf surface. StomaFrq Stomatal frequency ISBM Estimation Standard method for In-season aboveground biomass. CT Measurement Take measurements at least two times from full ground cover to the end of booting (pre-heading), and at least two times from the end of anthesis to late grainfilling (grain-filling) -with 5-7 days between each measurement to give a reasonably heritable estimate of trait expression. Plant vegetative period VgP Time period between emergence (ds10) and first node detectable (ds31). Vegetative period Plant PedGlau Estimation Standard method for peduncle glaucousness. tiller/m2 Standard method for Stripe rust incidence. PstriInc Estimation Hd DS55 relative Estimation Assessment of heading (DS55) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. RLNDmg Estimation kg/hl PH Measurement Measure the length of individual culms from soil surface to the tip of the spike (do not include awn) and record to the nearest centimeter. (Average of 4-10 plants/culms per plot). Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the grain at harvest. GNUp Computation spikelet infertile tiller/m2 Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. RUE Computation Standard method for leaf thickness. LeafThk Measurement Mat DS87 DT Computation Number of days required from sowing to physiological maturity (approx. DS87). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. StdEst Estimation Standard method for standard establishment. 1-6 MIXTYP scale 1-3 GROWTHCLS scale