Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla InsectDmg_E_pct CIMMYT INSECTDMG_pct 39 30% plant height affected, 90% coverage BSMV_E_0to9pct CIMMYT BSMV_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AWNS_0_9 Awns_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StrawBreak_E_1to9 CIMMYT CIMMYT SBMV_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SBMVInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount2_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PgramNote_E_text CIMMYT StritInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STRIT_pct__INC CIMMYT moderate (M) M Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SLA_M_m2kg1 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmCol_E_1to6 moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LAI_index LAI_Calc_Idx CIMMYT LEAFLNG_cm LeafLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTM_calc_Cday CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderate 5 StritResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STRIT_0_5__RESP CIMMYT RARSa_index RARSa_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GrnSpl_Calc_GrnSpl GRNSPL_num grains/spikelet Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNSPL Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BOOT DTB Boot_dto_day DTB_days DTDR_days CIMMYT DTDR DR DRidge_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 10 10% (3.7% occupied by uredia) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HailDmg_E_0to9 CIMMYT HAILDMG_0_9 PSTRI_0_9__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriResp_E_0to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEPSP_1_5__RESP SepSpResp_E_1to5 InfertSpkN_Ct_SplSpk Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT H2ODMG _0_9 WtrLoggDmg_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrAsh_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 36 Stem elongation or jointing, 6th node detectable Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass2_pct CIMMYT ERLVIG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ErlVig_E_1to5 semi-spreading (SS) SS CIMMYT SPKDEN_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkDen_E_1to9 CIMMYT SEDINDX_ml_pct SedIdx_M_mlpct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 70% plant height affected, 30% coverage 73 JIC Luzie U Wingen StrawYld_Calc_tha GlmWid_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLMWID_mm CIMMYT 4 susceptible, large uredinia without chlorosis (4) 47 Booting, Flag leaf sheath opening Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RODDMG_pct RodentDmg_E_pct GN_Calc_Grnm2 GM2 CIMMYT KNO grains/m2 GNO_grains_m2 kernel/m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GNO Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AwnCol_E_1to6 FlrCol_M_avalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRCOL_a_value CIMMYT RachLng_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla INFERTNO_tll_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PthornDmg_E_pct CIMMYT PTHORN_pct CIMMYT PstriSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_pct__SEV 90% coverage 9 AWNLNG _cm AwnLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 30% anther extrusion Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BYDInc_E_pct CIMMYT BYD_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafPSSRa_M_Idx CIMMYT PstriInc_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_1_9 CIMMYT 0 No symptom of sharp eyespot FLRGluCon_M_pct CIMMYT GLUCON_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvG_M_mm CIMMYT AVLG_mm FOXYWIL _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FoxiWilt_E_pct CIMMYT FgramSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafGlau_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFGLAU_1_5 CIMMYT highly susceptible 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNCOL_a_value GCol_M_avalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FNIVLB_00_99__SEV CIMMYT FnivLBSev_E_00to99 BMNUtE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen JIC very low 2 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Amax_M_umolCO2m2s2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MixTim_M_min CIMMYT MIXTIM_min BOOTDATE Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Boot_date_ymd BOOTD CIMMYT BOOTD_yyyymmdd FrostDmg_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT FrostDmg_E_1to5 FROSTDMG_1_5__SPK Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PGRAM_1_8__ADLTRESP PgramResp_E_1to8 MH medium hard (MH) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HailDmg_E_1to5 HAILDMG_1_5 HailDmg_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT CIMMYT HsatiLSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HSATIL_00_99__SEV HAVEN_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HavenDmg_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT FHBSplInc_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_index__SPLINC CIMMYT FLRSDS_ml FlrSDS_M_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EgramInc_E_pct EGRAM_pct__INC GSize_ScreenCount3_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEDVTR_1_3 GVtr_E_1to3 GluTyp_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLUTYP_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTFND_days DTFND FND_dto_day FND CIMMYT PHORD_pct__CI CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhordCI_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSPK_num grains/spike GRNSPK GrnSpk_Calc_GrnSpk CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass5_pct CIMMYT NDVI_index NDVI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GGTRI_pct__INC CIMMYT GgtriInc_E_pct CIMMYT TANSPOT_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TanSpotSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CropGrwRate_Calc_gm2day CIMMYT CROPGRWRATE_g_m2_day ACDTOL _1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AcdTol_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT MgrisSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrCol_M_bvalue CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFLRCOL_b_value CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Fs_M_Idx CIMMYT StrawStn_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 30 30% (11.1% occupied by uredia) S short (S) moderately susceptible (MS), 12 to 20 % of infection MS CIMMYT GRNCOL_b_value GCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Anet_M_umolCO2m2s2 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 50% plants with broken straw 5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StrawCol_E_1to6 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_cm PH_M_cm CIMMYT FLRPROT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrProt_Kjl_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ROOTROT_0_9 CIMMYT RootRot_E_0to9pct DAYSAN ANT CIMMYT DTA_days Ant_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Y heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf tip (Y) CIMMYT GRNSCREEN_pct GScreen_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Tillering, Main shoot and 7 Tillers 27 PlntStnd_Calc_Plntm2 CIMMYT PLNTSTND_pl_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVL_mm AlvL_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRECO_0_4__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoResp_E_0to4 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmLA_M_Idx CIMMYT ARMDMG_pct ArmyWDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafR675_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 Tillering, Main shoot and 4 Tillers 24 HelSpSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HELSP_00_99 CIMMYT good (G) 6 CIMMYT FLeafLLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 22 Tillering, Main shoot and 2 Tillers Tillering, Main shoot and 9 or more Tillers 89 Late hard dough (difficult to dent) 29 Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass6_pct 1 Good Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluB3_M_text CIMMYT GLUB3_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLEAFSEN_pct FLeafSen_E_pct CIMMYT NodeNO_Ct_node NODENO _num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FolDis_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FOLDIS_1_5 FoliarDis_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT RARSb_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RARSb_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HSATIL_pct__INC HsatiLInc_E_pct CIMMYT 19 10% plant height affected, 90% coverage HerbicideDmg_E_1to5 HerbDmg_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HERBDMG_1_5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriCI_Calc_pct CIMMYT PSTRI_pct__CI GCol_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNCOL_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DRidge_date_ymd DRD_yyyymmdd DRD CIMMYT BM_g_m2 BM_Calc_gm2 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla high damage 7 2 20% plants with broken straw LeafWid_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LEAFWID_mm CIMMYT Mat_relat_1to5 RELTMT_1_5 RELTMT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ISBM_g_plot ISBM_M_gPlot TANSPOT_1_5__ADLTRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TanSpotResp_E_1to5 CIMMYT CIMMYT HgramInc_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HGRAM_0_9 SIPI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SIPI_index CIMMYT WMFlrCol_M_avalue WMFLRCOL_a_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmSol_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT STMSOL_1_3 PLNTSTND_pl_ha CIMMYT PlntStnd_Calc_Plntha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Nitrogen harvest index Luzie U Wingen JIC NHI_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLMPUBLNG_um GlmPubLng_M_um CIMMYT head prematurely ripened (whitehead) or plant collapsed with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem, or shoot killed as the ear emerges from the sheath with sharp eyespot lesions on the shoot 9 CIMMYT FHBSpkInc_E_pct FHB_pct__SPKINC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT REPPERIOD_pct RepP_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Luzie U Wingen NupE_Calc_kgkgN JIC 34 Stem elongation or jointing, 4th node detectable 53 50% plant height affected, 30% coverage 70% plant height affected, 60% coverage 76 1 unrolled, turgid StmWSC_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STEMWSC_pct CIMMYT GRWSTG_00_99 DECODS Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GrwStg_Zdks_00to99 10% plant height affected, 50% coverage 15 CIMMYT WKill_E_1to5 WKILL_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla medium 5 0% (no uredia) 0 17 Seedling development , 7 leaves unfolded 80% anther extrusion 8 SGNDmg_E_pct ATRITDMG _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT JIC Luzie U Wingen GStarch_NIRS_pct GRNStarch_pct PHORD_0_12__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PhordSev_E_0to12 SuPDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SUPDMG _1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrFN_M_s WMFLRFN_s CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GermiTest_pct Germ_M_pct CIMMYT GERM_pct 5 intermediate ISBM_g_m2 ISBM_Calc_gm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MR Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNCOL_L_value CIMMYT GCol_M_Lvalue H hard (H, <45) acronym GrndCov_GS15_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNDCOV_pct__GS15 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CRMSTR_1_5 CrmStr_E_1to5 JIC NUE_Calc_kgkgN Nitrogen use efficiency Luzie U Wingen Booting, Flag leaf sheath extending 41 ANTDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AntDmg_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEMOYELPIG_ppm SemoYellPig_M_ppm 4 80% coverage 5 intermediate damage CIMMYT ISBM_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TCONT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TcontInc_E_pct 27 20% plant height affected, 70% coverage VgP_calc_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT VEGPERIOD_days hard (H, <45) H GrwHabit_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GHABIT_1_5 CIMMYT CHL_CCI Chl_M_CCI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 10 10 CIMMYT StmWSC_NIR_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafSPI_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTE_days Days to emergence CIMMYT Emer_dto_day DTE Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SPROUTTOL _1_9 CIMMYT SproutTol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkLng_M_cm CIMMYT SPKLNG_cm 0 leaf rim starts to roll 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BirdDmg_E_pct CIMMYT BIRDDMG_pct CIMMYT UtritInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla UTRIT_pct__INC PstriSdlgResp_E_0to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_0_8__SEEDRESP CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RLESDMG_pct RLNDmg_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TestWt_M_kghl TESTWT_kg_hl CIMMYT WormDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WORMDMG_pct CIMMYT TTB_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GFILLPERIOD_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GFP_calc_pct SR_index CIMMYT SR_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MR moderately resistant (MR), average pycnidial density coverage of 15-30% VEGPERIOD_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla VgP_calc_pct CIMMYT 30% plant height affected, 70% coverage 37 CIMMYT Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AnthExt_E_pct 3 Oblong CIMMYT BLSSev_E_00to99 BLS_00_99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 3 Poor 6 Mixed Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PLNTSTND_pl_m PlntStnd_Ct_Plntm 90% plant height affected, 70% coverage 97 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GWid_M_mm CIMMYT LeafTR_M_mmolH2Om2s1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT very susceptible VS CIMMYT GGTRI_1_5_INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GgtriInc_E_1to5 TllrCAPACITY_1_5 TllrCapacity_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT present 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PLNTSTND_pl_plot PlntStnd_Ct_PlntPlot LODG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Lodg_E_1to5 LodgInc_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT 43 40% plant height affected, 30% coverage CIMMYT DROUGHTTOL_1_5 DroughtTol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ANTD_yyyymmdd ANTD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Ant_date_ymd ANTDATE Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FrostDmg_E_pct CIMMYT FROSTDMGP_pct FROSTDMGP_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FrostDmg_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PH_M_m PH_m PrecoNote_E_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_text CIMMYT PstriNote_E_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PSTRI_text GluA1_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUA1_text CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluA3_M_text GLUA3_text CIMMYT LRollInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla IBD IBD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT Boot_dateInit_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PGRAM_pct__CI PgramCI_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 rolled leaf rim covers part of leaf blade 2 moderately resistant, small to medium uredinia often surrounded by Chlorosis or necrosis, green island may be surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic border (2) PrecoResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_1_8__ADLTRESP CIMMYT GRN_pct JIC Luzie U Wingen GNitr_NIRS_pct 90% plant height affected, 50% coverage 95 CIMMYT FLRPROT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrProt_NIRS_pct 90% plant height affected, 80% coverage 98 UtritInc_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT UTRIT_1_9__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ROOTDIS_1_5 CIMMYT RootDis_E_1to5 RootDis_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT LeafTNecro_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFTNECR _pct TTIB_Calc_Cday CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRSA_M_mm2 Luzie U Wingen GsurfA_M_mm2 JIC 50% plant height affected, 50% coverage 55 GYFac_Calc_num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla YLDFAC_num CIMMYT CIMMYT TANSPOT_0_5__SEEDRESP TanSpotSdlgResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ForgDM_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Wsurv_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Lodg_E_0to9pct LODG_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTM DAYSMT Mat_dto_day DTM_days MAT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 yellow (b>15) LeafR550_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_M_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ISBM_kg_plot CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount1_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla poor to fair (P-F) 4 SrolfResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SROLF_1_8 CIMMYT CTD_C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CTD_Calc_C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFPUBDEN_0_9 LeafPubDen_E_0to9 CIMMYT 9 90% plants with broken straw Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AGRSCR_1_5 AgrScr_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StrawYld_E_tha TN_Ct_Tllrm2 TNO_tll_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FgramSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT FGRAM_00_99__SEV Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafPI_M_Idx CIMMYT Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf just visible 37 3 poor (P) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GCID_M_delta13C CIMMYT GRAINCID_delta Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NPQI_index CIMMYT NPQI_M_Idx CIMMYT FlrYellCls_M_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRYELLCLS_1_3 GluD3_M_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLUD3_text PrecoResp_E_1to4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRECO_1_4__RESP JIC Luzie U Wingen GFILLPERIOD_thermal_time GFPTT_Calc_Cday GReten_M_pct GRNRETEN_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 60% coverage 3 CIMMYT PrecoInc_E_1to9 PRECO_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount6_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 fair to good (F-G) NWI2_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT NWI2_index very lax to lax 2 BMNUP_Calc_kgha Luzie U Wingen JIC GLMGLAU_0_9 GlmGlau_E_0to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLMLNG_mm GlmLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 91 Ripening, Kernel hard (difficult to divide, 16% water) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriSpkSev_E_pct PSTRI_pct__SPKSEV CIMMYT CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkPho_Textile_pct Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis MR-MS Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMTHK_um StmWallThk_M_um CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkGW_M_g CIMMYT GRNH20_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GMoi_E_pct AlTol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALUTOL_1_9 CIMMYT S susceptible (S), 21 to 50 % of infection Stem elongation or jointing, 1st node detectable 31 40% plant height affected, 80% coverage 48 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla T1BL1RS_M_0to1 T1BL1RS_0_1 03 Germination, Imbibition complete CIMMYT HNECRO_0_1 HNecro_E_0to1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Luzie U Wingen AGBMNitr_M_pct JIC Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ETR_M_?molm2s1 CIMMYT 9 high FHB_num__SPLINC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSplInc_Ct_SplInfect CIMMYT AphDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla APHDMG_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RSECA_00_99__SEV CIMMYT RsecaSev_E_00to99 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafR750R550_M_Idx FLRYD FlrYld_M_pct FLRYLD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRI_M_Idx CIMMYT PRI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 30% plant height affected, 30% coverage 33 4 Lodg_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LODG_1_9 CIMMYT S susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis AlvW_M_joules Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ALVW_joules 20% plant height affected, 50% coverage 25 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafThk_M_um LEAFTHK_mm CIMMYT 2 good (G) SemoCol_M_bvalue SEMOCOL_b_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT low 2 FgramInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FGRAM_pct__INC white W Black 3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PedGlau_E_0to9 CIMMYT PEDGLAU_0_9 97 Ripening, Seed not dormant moderately resistant (MR), small lesions surrounded by necrotic areas MR GNDVI_M_Idx CIMMYT GNDVI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DNOXI_pct DnoxiDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla semi-erect (SE) SE GLUB1_text GluB1_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HtereSev_E_pct W weak (W) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PH_E_1to5 CIMMYT RELTPH_1_5 1 very early (VE) Emergence date EMERDATE EMERD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Emer_date_ymd EMERD CIMMYT EDATE CIMMYT FlrFN_M_s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRFN _s TSpl_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TSD_yyyymmdd TSD 40% plant height affected, 60% coverage 46 40% (14.8% occupied by uredia) 40 StmWSC_Atrone_pct CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrCol_M_Lvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFLRCOL_L_value 6 Mixed CIMMYT TILSP_pct TilSpSpkInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 55 Heading, ½ of head emerged CIMMYT PSTRI_1_8__ADLTRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriResp_E_1to8 Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount5_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LRollSev_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GAmyloPec_M_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SN_M_Spksm CIMMYT SNO_spk_m STMLNG_cm StmLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT HI_Calc_pct HI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GHrd_M_1to4 HRDCLS_1_4 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT GRNYLD_kg_ha Yld_kgha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_Calc_kgha GY_kgha PrecoCI_Calc_pct CIMMYT PRECO_pct__CI Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 7 good to very good (G-VG) CIMMYT TTA_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrYellPig_M_ppm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFLRYELPIG_ppm CIMMYT I immune (I), 0 % of infection 28 20% plant height affected, 80% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StdEst_E_1to3 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SpkDW_Calc_gm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SnailDmg_E_pct CIMMYT SNAILDMG_pct Seedling development , First leaf unfolded 11 PnegleDmg_E_pct PNEGLE_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT FrostDmg_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FROSTDMGP_0_9 70% plant height affected, 90% coverage 79 FvDA_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_1_8__SPKRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSpkResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HtereSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT HTERE_00_99__SEV 25 Tillering, Main shoot and 5 Tillers STMSTRENGTH_1_9 StmStrength_E_1to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Dough development, Soft dough (firm, thumbnail mark not held) 85 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TSpl_dto_day DTTS_days DTTS GSize_E_1to3 CIMMYT GRNSIZE_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TLAEV_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TlaevInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WI_index WI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MIXTQ_pct_min MixTq_M_pctmin CIMMYT DroughtTol_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DROUGHTTOL_pct erect (E) E CIMMYT GApp_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNAPP_0_9 FGRAM_0_5__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FgramResp_E_0to5 CIMMYT GrnTllr_Calc_GrnTllr Rosemary Shrestha CIMMYT FHB_pct__SPKW Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSpkWt_Calc_pct CIMMYT 23 20% plant height affected, 30% coverage Seedling development , 4 leaves unfolded 14 StayGreen_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STAYGREEN_1_5 CIMMYT 60% plant height affected, 30% coverage 63 Heading, ¼ of head emerged 53 GFILLRATE Luzie U Wingen JIC GFR_Calc_gday Nitrogen utilisation efficiency Luzie U Wingen JIC NutE_Calc_kgkgN CIMMYT GLMPUBDEN _0_9 GlmPubDen_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 9 very dense RELTHD_1_5 Hd_relat_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RELTHD CIMMYT ALVPL_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AlvPL_Calc_Idx CIMMYT ColdTol_E_pct COLDTOL_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla REPPERIOD_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RepP_Calc_day CIMMYT FHBDON_M_ppm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_ppm__DON CIMMYT GProt_Kjl_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNPROT_pct very dense 9 BMNUE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen JIC 3 sparse Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkSterility_Calc_pct STERIND_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhiPS2_M_Idx RELTMT_1_6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RELTMT Mat_relat_1to6 W winter SpkPI_Calc_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT TindiInc_E_pct TINDI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MS Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing 8 CIMMYT COKSDF_index CookSdF_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 3 low CIMMYT GW_M_g1000grn THOUWT TGW TGW_g TKW Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STRIT_00_99__SEV CIMMYT StritSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HRDCLS_1_5 CIMMYT GHrd_M_1to5 CIMMYT FnivLBInc_E_pct FNIVLB_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RUET_Calc_gMJ CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FNDD CIMMYT FNDD_yyyymmdd FND_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LMS light moderate susceptible very resistance VR S Susceptible (S) - Moderate pycnidial formation, lesions coalescing considerably. V vitreous (V) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT THRESHBLTY_1_9 Threshblty_E_1to9 8 high to very high damage HESFDMG _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HesFlyDmg_E_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLys_M_pct R-MR resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) 12 Seedling development , 2 leaves unfolded 50% coverage 5 intermediate to high damage 6 60 60 68 60% plant height affected, 80% coverage 95 Ripening, Seed dormant 70% plant height affected, 50% coverage 75 80% plant height affected, 60% coverage 86 Tillering, Main shoot and 1 Tiller 21 60% plant height affected, 20% coverage 62 GYellBer_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla YELBER_pct CIMMYT Germination, Dry seed 00 90 90% (33.3% occupied by uredia) HeatTol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HEATTTOL_1_5 100% coverage 5 Luzie U Wingen JIC GPD_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI4_M_Idx CIMMYT NWI4_index 4 tolerant 80% plant height affected, 10% coverage 81 GY_M_gPlnt Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNYLD_g_pl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLeafLWid_M_mm 88 80% plant height affected, 80% coverage GrnIron_M_mgkg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNIRON_mg_kg CIMMYT CIMMYT GZinc_M_mgkg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNZINC_mg_kg LODG_pct Lodg_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GSize_ScreenMass3_pct LofVol_M_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LOFVOL_ml CIMMYT DAYSHD HEAD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Hd_dto_day CIMMYT DTH DTH_days very susceptible (VS), > 50 % of infection VS CIMMYT STMFRQ StomaFrq_Ct_stomamm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMFRQ_num 30% plants with broken straw 3 CIMMYT NWI1_M_Idx NWI1_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_0_12__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PstriSev_E_0to12 AlvIe_Calc_pct ALVIe_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNDCOV_pct CIMMYT GrndCov_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 3 slight (S) FHBSpkResp_E_0to5 FHB_0_5__SPKRESP CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkTyp_E_1to6 CiCa_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla S spreading (S) 50% (18.5% occupied by uredia) 50 5 very good (VG) 9 very good (VG) VT very tall (VT) RsecaSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 80% plant height affected, 20% coverage 82 CIMMYT InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla INFERTNO_tll_m2 No anther extrusion 0 S susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis Booting, Boot just visibly swollen 43 2 Moderate One or more sharp eyespot lesions on lower sheaths but no symptoms on the stem 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PGRAM_pct__SEV PgramSev_E_pct PGRAM_0_12__SEV CIMMYT PgramSev_E_0to12 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MS moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible SplN_Ct_SplSpk SPLSPK SPLSPK_num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla spikelets/spike CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BMPR_Calc_gm2day CIMMYT SemoProt_NIRS_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEMOPROT _pct CIMMYT RCERE_0_9 RcereInc_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 80% plants with broken straw 8 JIC GFILLRATE_thermal_time Luzie U Wingen GFRTT_Calc_gCday Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SNO_spk_m2 SN_Calc_Spksm2 CIMMYT ColdTol_E_1to5 COLDTOL_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RSOLA_0_9 RsolaInc_E_0to9pct 47 40% plant height affected, 70% coverage poor to fair (P-F) 3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla InsectDmg_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT InsectDmg_E_1to5 INSECTDMG_1_5 3 fair (F) LEAFGLAU_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafGlau_E_0to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_M_gPlot BM_g_plot CIMMYT Shattering_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SHATTERING_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT StomaCond_M_mmolm2s STMCOND_mmol_m2_s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 90% plant height affected, 10% coverage 91 2 sparse Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MIXTYP_1_6 MixTyp_E_1to6 CIMMYT TTH_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 6 60% plants with broken straw GHrd_M_pct GRNHRD_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT low 3 highly susceptible 1 40 40 susceptible 2 96 Ripening, 50% of viable seed germinates Heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf base (Z) Z GNUP_Calc_kgha Luzie U Wingen JIC BTol_E_1to9 BORONTOL_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 64 60% plant height affected, 40% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLOTGRNYLD_g GY_M_gPlot CIMMYT 3 early to normal (E-N) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LODG_0_5 Lodg_E_0to5pct Booting, First awns visible 49 1 absent CIMMYT SEPSP_0_5__RESP SepSpResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing MS 61 60% plant height affected, 10% coverage CIMMYT PHORD_1_9 PhordInc_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EGRAM_1_5__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EgramInc_E_1to5 30% coverage 3 CGR_Calc_gm2day CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla T tenacious (T) Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FvDAFmDA_M_Idx CIMMYT CIMMYT NWI3_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI3_M_Idx 70 70% (25.9% occupied by uredia) GHrd_M_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HRDCLS_1_3 CIMMYT TN_Ct_TllrPlnt TNO_tll_pl CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla fair to good (F-G) 6 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Ci_M_umolCO2mol1 MATD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MATD_yyyymmdd Mat_date_ymd MATDATE CIMMYT 9 DTIB Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Boot_dtoInit_day DTIB_days CIMMYT 9 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhiCO2_M_Idx AnthExt_E_0to9 CIMMYT Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla hollow 1 0 awnless moderate M white W 50% plant height affected, 70% coverage 57 CIMMYT TANSPOT_pct TanSpotInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla No visible affection 0 none 0 GLMCOL_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmCol_E_1to3 CIMMYT very severe (V) 5 CT_M_C CT_C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ISBM_Calc_tha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_t_ha CIMMYT WKill_E_0to9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKILL_0_9 CIMMYT PLNTVIG_1_5 PlntVig_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HI_Calc_Idx HI_index MR moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas 0 no damage very poor (VP) 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNPHOS_mg_kg GPhos_M_mgkg CIMMYT low to intermediate 4 susceptible (S), large lesions, no necrosis or chlorosis S 42 40% plant height affected, 20% coverage TSPI_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 2 Branched Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount4_pct CIMMYT moderate to high 6 immune I CIMMYT PhotopResp_E_1to9 PHOTORESPO_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 4 low to medium L late (L) 90% plant height affected, 60% coverage 96 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhordSev_E_pct CIMMYT PHORD_pct__SEV STMSIZ _um CIMMYT StomaSiz_M_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 0 No visible affection Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrwCls_E_1to3 CIMMYT GROWTHCLS_1_3 33 Stem elongation or jointing, 3rd node detectable CIMMYT StmDia_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMDIA_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EGRAM_0_5__INC CIMMYT EgramInc_E_0to5 Hd_date_ymd HEADD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HEADD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT HEADDATE poor (P) 2 very poor to poor (VP-P) 1 34 30% plant height affected, 40% coverage LeafPSSRb_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GYPR_Calc_gm2day CIMMYT Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones S EgramSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EGRAM_00_99__SEV CIMMYT FoLA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW_M_g100grn Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW100_g CIMMYT SpkDis_N_T_S_M_V SPKDIS_1_5 SpkDis_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SH semi-hard (SH, 45-50) 8 very high Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafPubLng_M_um LEAFPUBLNG _um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BM_Calc_kgha BM_kg_ha Ripening, Secondary dormancy lost 99 61 Flowering or anthesis, Start of flowering CIMMYT PRECO_0_12__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PrecoSev_E_0to12 Luzie U Wingen STRNitr_NIRS_pct JIC GSize_ScreenMass4_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AtritResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ATRIT _1_8__RESP CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PHPRP_1_8__RESP PherpResp_E_1to8 Seedling development , 8 leaves unfolded 18 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHBAUDPC_Calc_pct FHB_pct__AUDPC 3 BlkPtInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLKPT_pct 12 10% plant height affected, 20% coverage one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 5/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 7 CIMMYT RSpkGP_Calc_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ALVP_mm AlvP_M_mm AWNS_0_1 Luzie U Wingen JIC Awns_E_0to1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_Calc_tha CIMMYT BM_t_ha 70% plant height affected, 40% coverage 74 Seedling development , 3 leaves unfolded 13 CIMMYT GPlump_E_1to3 GRNPLUMP_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TNO_tll_m TN_Ct_Tllrm CIMMYT Ripening, Secondary dormancy 98 4 low to intermediate damage very high damage 9 CIMMYT FLRCOL_L_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrCol_M_Lvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla APHDMG_1_5 CIMMYT AphDmg_E_1to5 5 Elliptical GRNPROT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GProt_NIRS_pct moderate (M) 4 CIMMYT SEPSP_pct__INC SepSPInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FoDA_M_Idx HtereInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HTERE_pct__INC CIMMYT 32 Stem elongation or jointing, 2nd node detectable Seedling development , First leaf emerged 10 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BlkPtInc_E_0to9pct BLKPT_0_9 CIMMYT 6 intermediate to dense 6 90% plant height affected, 90% coverage 99 semi-hard (SH, 45-55) SH purple P MS moderately Susceptible (MS), medium-sized lesions, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FvLAFmLA_M_Idx CIMMYT CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RUE_Calc_gMJ Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT NeckBreak_E_pct NBREAK_pct R resistant (R), 1 to 8 % of infection very poor to poor (VP-P) 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BM_M_gPlnt BM_g_pl 07 Germination, Coleoptile emerged from seed 5 intermediate Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_PctChk_pct CIMMYT YLDCHECK_pct 7 70% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TestWt_M_gl TESTWT_g_l medium 2 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AgrScr_E_1to9 AGRSCR_1_9 29 20% plant height affected, 90% coverage CIMMYT GY_Calc_gm2 GRNYLD_g_m2 GY_gm2 Yld_gm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla stem softened with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem 8 red R 20% (7.4% occupied by uredia) 20 70% plant height affected, 70% coverage 77 51 50% plant height affected, 10% coverage CIMMYT SepSpSev_E_00to99 SEPSP_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla none 1 Tillering, Main shoot and 6 Tillers 26 50% plant height affected, 80% coverage 58 severe 5 GY_tha GY_Calc_tha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNYLD_t_ha CIMMYT Yld_tha 60 60% (22.2% occupied by uredia) BirdDmg_E_1to5 BirdDmg_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BIRDDMG_1_5 CIMMYT 24 20% plant height affected, 40% coverage 10% plant height affected, 60% coverage 16 FLeafA_M_cm2 FLEAFA _cm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 93 Ripening, Kernel loosening in daytime 9 >90% anther extrusion MS-S moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) VS very short (VS) LEAVESCID_delta Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafCID_M_delta13C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ISBM_Calc_kgha ISBM_kg_ha BLBSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT BLB_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 9 very high 30 30 50 50 Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis MR-MS I intermediate (M), pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis 10% plant height affected, 10% coverage 11 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBGInc_E_pct CIMMYT FHB_pct__GRNINC resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) R-MR Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TtritInc_E_pct TTRIT _pct__INC 13 10% plant height affected, 30% coverage resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules R Clavate 4 CIMMYT BYDInc_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BYD_0_9 GFP_calc_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GFILLPERIOD_days CIMMYT T tall (T) fair (F) 4 3 medium not vitreous (NV) NV PEDPBD_0_9 PedPubDen_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 intermediate CIMMYT WKill_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKILL_pct trace 1 BLBSev_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CPYGM_pct SawflyDmg_E_pct CIMMYT GY_M_kgPlot PLOTGRNYLD_kg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla S Strong (S) dense 7 resistant (R), average pycnidial density of 5-15% R Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Asat_M_umolCO2m2s1 CIMMYT moderately resistant (MR), 9 to 11 % of infection MR 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFLRSDS_ml CIMMYT WMFlrSDS_M_ml 4 40% coverage White 1 7 70% anther extrusion Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis MR 4 normal, similar to local check (N) PedLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PEDLNG _cm CIMMYT very low damage 2 80 80 moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some clorosis possible MS Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GW_M_g200grn GW200_g one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 1/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 3 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LI_M_pct 30 Stem elongation or jointing, Pseudo stem erection PV partly vitreous (PV) EGRAM_1_9__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EgramInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT 70 70 insensitive 0 00 no disease MS medium strong (MS) 8 good to very good (G-VG) 1 white (b<12.5) CIMMYT FmDA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BM_M_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_kg_plot Dough development, Early dough (elastic, dry and shiny) 83 very low 1 Stem elongation or jointing, 5th node detectable 35 R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules 7 good (G) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RARSc_M_Idx RARSc_index CIMMYT LeafR750R700_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla very lax 1 49 40% plant height affected, 90% coverage 8 intermediate 5 Luzie U Wingen STRNUP_Calc_kgha JIC medium 3 65 60% plant height affected, 50% coverage 4 30% plant height affected, 60% coverage 36 2 red to brown P Prostrate (P) resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small lesions R FE_Calc_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Purple 4 PrecoSev_E_pct PRECO_pct__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HGRAM_pct CIMMYT HgramInc_E_pct AGRSCR_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AgrScr_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RNDVI_index CIMMYT RNDVI_M_Idx Heading, ¾ of head emerged 57 solid 3 Seedling development , 5 leaves unfolded 15 35 30% plant height affected, 50% coverage moderately susceptible, medium-sized uredinia that may be associated with chlorosis (3) 3 Germination, Leaf just at coleoptile tip 09 5 MS medium soft (MS) nearly immune, no uredinia, but hypersensitive necrotic or chlorotic flecks present (,) , immune (0), no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection I CIMMYT PGRAM_0_8__SEEDRESP PgramSdlgResp_E_0to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla I intermediate (M), lesions of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis VH very hard (VH) Dough development, Hard dough (thumbnail impression held) 87 TllrGW_M_g Rosemary Shrestha CIMMYT 6 very late (VL) Dough development, Very early dough (slides when crushed) 81 moderate to high 8 ColeopLng_M_cm COLEOPLNG _cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT S soft (S) Booting, Boot swollen 45 Imm Immune (Imm) - No pycnidial formation, no symptoms or occasional hypersensitive fleck. SEMOPROT _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SemoProt_Kjl_pct CIMMYT high 7 2 20% plant height affected, 20% coverage 22 19 Seedling development , 9 or more leaves unfolded I Intermediate (I) - Light pycnidial format ion. Coalescing of lesions normally noticeable towards the leaf tip and elsewhere on the leaf. 78 70% plant height affected, 80% coverage CIMMYT UAGRO_1_8__RESP UagroResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 60% coverage 6 54 50% plant height affected, 40% coverage 70% plant height affected, 10% coverage 71 moderate susceptible MS 6 medium to high one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 3/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 5 1 very poor (VP) CIMMYT SnodoInc_E_pct SNODO_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla high 7 PRECO_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PrecoSdlgResp_E_0to8 1 1 very resistant, small uredinia surrounded by necrosis (1) CIMMYT GThk_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderately susceptible 5 1 white 2 very low to low 2 light-yellow (b moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible MS 70% plant height affected, 20% coverage 72 7 CIMMYT FlrCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRCOL_b_value SALTOL _1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SaltTol_E_1to9 weak-tenacious (WT) WT 17 10% plant height affected, 70% coverage awned (conspicuous) 7 44 40% plant height affected, 40% coverage 6 50% plant height affected, 90% coverage 59 moderately susceptible to moderately tolerant 6 poor (P) 2 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FvLA_M_Idx 69 Flowering or anthesis, Flowering complete 60% plant height affected, 90% coverage 69 92 90% plant height affected, 20% coverage soft (S, >55) S 3 large none 1 CIMMYT ALVPG_index AlvPG_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 18 10% plant height affected, 80% coverage GFibre_NIRS_pct JIC Luzie U Wingen GRNFibre_pct 26 20% plant height affected, 60% coverage 8 80% coverage 5 50% anther extrusion 4 high awnletted (short) 3 moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) MS-S 1 small 0 no visible infection (0) soft (S, >55) S intermediate to moderate 6 resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules R 1 very low leaf has shape of a V 3 Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass1_pct CIMMYT 100 100% (37% occupied by uredia) 0 No visible infection on plants 4 susceptible to moderately susceptible CIMMYT GCol_E_1to5 GRNCOL_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Highly Resistant (HR) - No or only occasional isolated pycnidia formed, particularly in older leaf tissue, hypersensitive flecking in younger leaf tissue. HR 8 dense to very dense Amber 5 8 dense to very dense 3 susceptible very late (VL) VL intermadiate to dense 6 StomaRes_M_sm CIMMYT STMRES_s_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla S spring 8 very good (VG) 8 tolerant 40% plants with broken straw 4 39 Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible highly susceptible to susceptible 2 TTTS_Calc_Cday CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1% (0.37% occupied by uredia) 1 shrivelled (SH) 1 excellent (E) 9 dense 4 Flowering or anthesis, Flowering half complete 65 3 Ripening, Kernel hard (not dented by thumbnail) 92 2 one or more sharp eyespot lesions on upper (as well as lower) sheaths but no symptoms on the stem 4 good (G) dense 7 X heterogeneous, random distribution of variable-sized uredinia on single leaf (X) very early (VE) VE SS semi-soft (SS, 51-55) red/white R/W 1 Fusiform 40% plant height affected, 10% coverage 41 1 20% coverage 5 highly tolerant 9 absent 0 4 sparse to intermediate Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis R 40% coverage 2 Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones S 20 20 4 high Kernel and milk development, Late milk (more solids in milk) 77 R Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis GLUD1_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluD1_M_text CIMMYT 6 3 lax 1 none (N) attribute 66 60% plant height affected, 60% coverage 59 Heading, Emergence of head complete I facultative (intermediate) 5 fair (F) 51 Heading, First spikelet of head visible absent 0 16 Seedling development , 6 leaves unfolded 32 30% plant height affected, 20% coverage very good (VG) 3 2 Red 60% anther extrusion 6 Kernel and milk development, Medium milk (milky liquid) 75 H hard (H) very low 2 none 1 purple to black 3 R red 2 mid-strong 20% coverage 2 white/red W/R weak 1 52 50% plant height affected, 20% coverage resistant R 70% plants with broken straw 7 low 2 I immune, no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection (0) moderately resistant MR Tillering, Main shoot only 20 lax to intermediate 4 28 Tillering, Main shoot and 8 Tillers strong 3 VS Very susceptible (VS), large, abundant pycnidia, lesions coalescing extensively early (E) E 30% plant height affected, 80% coverage 38 severe 5 4 80% plant height affected, 30% coverage 83 45 40% plant height affected, 50% coverage low 3 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 2/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 4 4 40% anther extrusion P purple 30% plant height affected, 10% coverage 31 9 severe very poor (VP) 0 highly tolerant 5 87 80% plant height affected, 70% coverage 90 90 MR moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas 23 Tillering, Main shoot and 3 Tillers 89 80% plant height affected, 90% coverage very sparse 1 4 low to moderate 7 moderate 8 high to very high 2 very sparse to sparse susceptible S Ripening, Overripe, straw dead and collapsing 94 intermediate 3 21 20% plant height affected, 10% coverage 73 Kernel and milk development, Early milk (liquid off -white) LM light moderate Kernel and milk development, Kernel watery ripe (clear liquid) 71 moderately tolerant 7 6 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 4/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 2 trace (T) 93 90% plant height affected, 30% coverage 10% coverage 1 10% plant height affected, 40% coverage 14 60% plant height affected, 70% coverage 67 medium (M) M 80 80% (29.6% occupied by uredia) 2 intermediate Resistant (R) - Very light pycnidial formation. Some coalescing of lesions mainly toward the leaf tip and in older leaf tissue. R MS moderately susceptible (MS), average pycnidial density coverage of 30-40% S susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis 5% (1.85% occupied by uredia) 5 3 low damage 80% plant height affected, 40% coverage 84 leaf is severely rolled 5 20% anther extrusion 2 10% anther extrusion 1 2 early (E) 56 50% plant height affected, 60% coverage entity no visible infection (0) 0 susceptible (S), pycnidial density greater than 40% S very dense 5 80% plant height affected, 50% coverage 85 Wheat ontology 05 Germination, Radicle emerged from seed 01 Germination, Water uptake (imbibition) started 90% plant height affected, 40% coverage 94 very resistant (VR), average pycnidial density of 0-5% VR No breakage 1 5 late (L) RepP Computation Calculated as time between double ridge (approx. DS14) and anthesis (DS65) as percentage of crop cycle duration. Standard method for eye spot field response. PherpResp Estimation Normalized difference vegetation index Canopy green normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Canopy GNDVI Water soluble carbohydrates accumulate up to and around anthesis and are partitioned to the stem, from where they are later available as a reservoir for remobilization to the developing grains. These reserves are an important source of carbon for grain filling. Water soluble carbohydrate content Stem Stem water soluble carbohydrate StmWSC Leaf PrecoSev Leaf rust severity Leaf rust (brown rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust severity BMNUtE Plant Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency Biomass Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency as the biomass in relation to the total amount of N in above-ground plant at harvest. Biomass Nitrogen utilization efficiency Tan spot severity Leaf Tan spot severity Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. TanSpotSev variable_of Standard method for aphid damage. AphDmg Estimation Alveograph value P Dough alveograph value P P value is the force required to blow the bubble of dough. it is indicated by the maximum height of the curve. Dough AlvP Nitrogen Use Efficiency Nitrogen use efficiency Grain NUE The grain dry mass (grain yield) production per Nitrogen available to a plant. kg/hl Leaf TanSpotResp Tan spot plant response Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot plant response Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust spike severity Spike Stripe rust spike severity PstriSpkSev GrnSpk Grain number Number of grains per spike. Spike Grain number per spike tiller/m STR NIRS Measurement Straw NIR calibrated. Image Analysis Screen Count3 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.5 ? 2.2 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Normalized water index 1 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Canopy Normalized water index 1 NWI1 Canopy normalized water index 1 Canopy photochemical reflectance index Canopy Photochemical reflectance index PRI Photochemical reflectance index is correlated with the de-epoxidation stage of the xanthophylls cycle, with zeaxanthin, and with radiation-use efficiency (filella et al., 1996). higher pri values indicate greater efficiency. Measured in centimeters from the base of the spike to the tip excluding the awns (average of 6-10 random spikes in plot). SpkLng Measurement LeafPI Computation Leaf Lamina Coefficient = Lamina DM measured at7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf lamina is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. g/m2/day First node detectable time is when the stem starts the elongation or jointing period, first node becomes visible as it appears above the soil surface. FND Plant First node detectable time First node detectable time Plant Common root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agents Cochliobolus sativus, fusarium spp., and Pythium species. RootRot Common root rot incidence Common root rot incidence Length Grain length GLng Grain Length of whole grain. 0-9 DAMAGE scale Standard method for worm damage. WormDmg Estimation Alveograph P/L AlvPL Dough Ratio of tenacity (p, maximum pressure required for the deformation of the sample) and extensibility (l, length of the curve) of dough. Dough alveograph P/L Standard method for winter survival. Wsurv Estimation Double digit (00-99) Score the damage caused by waterlogging WtrLoggDmg Estimation Spike Grain weight per spike. Grain weight per spike SpkGW Grain weight Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.5 mm - 2.2 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass3 GPlump Estimation Standard method for grain plumpness. Standard method for spike shattering. Shattering Estimation TllrCapacity Tillering capacity An tillering capacity. Tillering capacity Plant Plant ColdTol Cold tolerance Plant tolerance to lower temperatures than the optimum. Cold tolerance 0-9 Mc Neal scale CrmStr Estimation Standard method for crumb structure. 1-9 STRAWBREAK scale FHBAUDPC Computation Calculate area under disease progress curve. Stem StmSol Stem solidness Solidness of stem. Solidness Number of days from sowing to the seedling emergence (DS10). Emer DS10 days Computation TN Counting Count or calculate the number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per lineal meter, per plant or per square meter. PhordInc Barley leaf rust incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Barley leaf rust incidence Barley leaf rust incidence Leaf AcdTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a low pH (acid) soil field and rate the tolerance. % Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R550. Leaf R550 Measurement Rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide through the stomata. Leaf stomatal conductance StomaCond Stomatal conductance Leaf NIRS Starch Measurement NIR calibrated Amax Leaf light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light and CO2. Leaf Light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Grain protein content GProt Grain Protein content Content of protein (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Aboveground biomass at maturity Plant Aboveground biomass at maturity All above-ground biomass at maturity. BM Normalized water index 4 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Normalized water index 4 Canopy normalized water index 4 NWI4 Canopy LeafPSSRa Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Leaf R750/R550 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/R550. Standard method for coleoptile length. ColeopLng Measurement A ratio of the leaf area to dry mass. Specific leaf area Leaf SLA Specific leaf area PH Estimation Score a relative plant height to local check using 1-5 scale where 3 is used for the local check (1 = short, 5 = tall). Assessment of plant height compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Spike Common bunt spike incidence Common bunt (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia species. Common bunt spike incidence TilSpSpkInc Standard method for stomatal conductance. StomaCond Measurement Content of phosphorus in grain. GPhos Phosphorous content Grain Grain phosphorous content The number of infertile spikelets (i.e., those NOT containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. InfertSpkN Counting StmWallThk Stem Stem wall thickness Stem wall thickness. Wall thickness Fibre content Grain Content of fibre (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain fibre content Gfibre GYPR Grain yield production rate Grain Yield production rate Grain yield production rate. Record date of terminal spikelet stage (DS25-30 approx.). It is estimated as the date at which the final spikelet can be observed on the forming spike within the stem of the main culm, typically measured on around 3-5 plants per plot. It required a main tiller dissection and an observation of the apex on an optic magnifier. TSpl date Estimation Rust severity Estimation Severity of rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that are below 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass6 Spike Number of spikes (fertile culms) per unit area, sample or plant. SN Spike number Number FoLA Measurement Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. GLys Grain lysine content Lysine content of the kernel/grain. Lysine content Grain ISBM Measurement Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. 0-9 percentage scale kg/ha One of the key quality parameters in the determination of durum quality referring to translucent or glass-like appearance when seeds are transversely sectioned and observed whether not vitreous/partly vitreous/vitreous. it is associated with high protein and hard grain. Grain Grain vitreousness Vitreousness GVtr Plant Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency Nitrogen uptake efficiency BMNUpE N-uptake efficiency as the total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground plant at harvest in relation to the available Nitrogen in soil. HailDmg Estimation Score the damage caused by hail. Calculated as the deviation from the yield-protein linear regression. GPD Computation tiller/m2 infertile tiller/m2 Quantum yield of photosystem II Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II PhiPS2 Quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII. Leaf PedGlau Glaucousness Peduncle glaucousness Glaucousness in peduncle. Peduncle Spike fertility index. Dry weight of 20 randomly selected spikes at anthesis. Fruiting Efficiency= number of grains at maturity / spike dry matter at anthesis. FE Computation GW Weight Grain Grain weight Grain weight usually expressed as weight of single, one hundred, two hundred or thousand grains. BM Measurement Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. Awn length AwnLng Awn length. Length Awn Rhizoctonia root rot incidence RsolaInc Rhizoctonia root rot incidence Rhizoctonia root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia solani. Plant SnailDmg Estimation Standard method for snail damage. Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf PrecoCI Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf lamina partitioning index Lamina partitioning index LeafPI Leaf Leaf lamina partitioning index. StmSol Estimation Standard method for stem solidness. 1-5 LRoll scale 1. A sample of 60 grams or 250 grams of flour is mixed with a salt solution to form a dough. 2. The dough is sheeted, rested and inflated in the Chopin Alveograph, 2. Five 4.5 centimeter circular dough patties are formed and then rested in the alveograph in a temperature-regulated compartment at 25 degrees Celsius for approximately 20 minutes, 3. Each dough patty is tested individually. The alveograph blows air into a dough patty, which expands into a bubble that eventually breaks, 4. The pressure inside the bubble is recorded as a curve on graph paper. The alveograph determines the gluten strength of a dough by measuring the force required to blow and break a bubble of dough. The results include P Value, L Value, and W Value. ALVEOGRAPH determination AACC 54-30 A Standard method for leaf rolling severity. LRollSev Estimation mm Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. FHBSpkWt Spike Fusarium head blight spike weight Fusarium head blight spike weight The plant damage caused by snails. SnailDmg Snail damage Plant Snail damage 1-8 rust field response scale GrnSpk Computation The number of grains per spike can be measured independently by threshing a known number of randomly selected spikes per plot (10-20 spikes per plot) or can be calculated as: Grains per spike (GSP) = grains m2 / spikes m2. AnthExt Estimation Standard method for anther extrusion. Awns Estimation Standard method for awnedness. Flag leaf FLeafSen Flag leaf senescence. Senescence Flag leaf senescence Test weight or specific weight is the weight of a fixed volume of clean grains. Grain test weight Grain Test weight TestWt RootDis Root disease development The plant damage caused by root diseases. Root disease development Root Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the MCNEAL scale. Field response McNEAL Estimation Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-a. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Chlorophyll content Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll a Leaf LeafPSSRa Retention proportion Grain GReten Proportion of big grain remaining above the sieve. Grain retention Dough alveograph P/G Dough It is the p/g ratio. AlvPG Alveograph P/G Standard method for glume color. GlmCol Estimation Standard method for straw strength. StrawStn Estimation Calculated as sum of straw Nitrogen content and grain Nitrogen content according to the biomass partition into straw and grain. BM NIRS Computation Barley yellow dwarf incidence BYDInc Barley yellow dwarf incidence Plant Wheat yellow dwarf incidence in the plants caused by the agent wheat yellow dwarf virus. Flour Flour yellowness FlrYellCls Flour yellowness. Yellowness TanSpotSdlgResp Seedling Tan spot seedling response Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot seedling response PhiCO2 Quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Leaf Leaf quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Quantum yield of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation. Detect in the SDS-PAGE gel the presence of some protein bands from rye chromosome translocation. SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis (1BL1RS) Chl Measurement The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ?chlorophyll concentration index? (CCI, ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on the flag leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles. Yield factor. Yield factor Grain Grain yield factor GYFac Standard method for spectral reflectance. Canopy spectral reflectance Measurement Calculated as the index (ratio) of infected spikelets over total number of spikelets by Calonectria nivalis (Fusarium nivale, F. graminearum) causing scab disease in spike. FHBSplInc Computation index s/m Lodg Indicates incidence of lodged plants. Lodging incidence Lodging incidence Plant The plant damage caused by sawfly, Cephus cinctus. SawflyDmg Plant Sawfly damage Sawfly damage g/plot Seedling rust field response Estimation Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. FLRGluCon Flour Gluten content Flour gluten content Content of wet gluten in flour. Leaf rust seedling response PrecoSdlgResp Leaf rust seedling response Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Seedling Spike TindiInc Karnal bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia indica (syn. Neovossia indica). Karnal bunt incidence Karnal bunt incidence 0-9 scoring scale Measurement of flour/whole meal/grain color with the Minolta chromameter, L value represents whiteness, a* value (reddishness) represents red and green colors and b* value (yellowness) represents yellow and blue colors. Using the Minolta Chroma Meter Test: 1. A sample of flour/whole meal/grain is placed on the granular materials attachment and compacted, 2. The Minolta Chroma Meter is inserted into the granular materials attachment, 3. Measurements are taken and recorded, 4.Color results are reported in terms of 3-dimensional color values based on the following rating scale: L* value whiteness: 100 white, 0 black, a* value positive +60 red color, negative values -60 green color, b* value positive +60 yellow color, negative values -60 blue color. Minolta Chroma Meter Test Record date of when 50% of seedlings have emerged (DS10). Emer DS10 date Estimation Wheat blast severity Spike MgrisSev Wheat blast severity in the spikes caused by the agent Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: It can infect all above-ground parts of the wheat plant, but head blast, resembling Fusarium head blight in appearance, is the most common symptom in the field. Infected spikes become bleached and produce small shriveled seed or none at all. Wheat blast severity Grain number per tiller GRATIL Number of grains per tiller. Tiller Grain number Plant population or plant density. Plant Stand PlntStnd Plant stand 1. Extract storage proteins (glutenins/gliadins) from wheat grain, 2. Separate glutenins from gliadins, 3. Run proteins extracts in polyacrylamide gels, 4. Stain the gel and de-stain, 5. Identify the allele for each locus. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Ci Computation Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. GFP days Computation Aboveground biomass In-season In-season aboveground biomass Plant ISBM All above-ground biomass at any developmental stage and/or at regular intervals from the emergence to physiological maturity. Standard method for glume length. GlmLng Measurement Grain Grain Nitrogen uptake Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole wheat grain samples. GNUp Nitrogen uptake Hd DS55 relative Estimation Assessment of heading (DS55) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Septoria blotch severity Septoria blotch severity Leaf SepSpSev Septoria blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Plant Septoria tritici blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Septoria tritici blotch incidence Septoria tritici blotch incidence StritInc Herbicide damage Plant damage caused by herbicide. Herbicide damage HerbicideDmg Plant Standard method for bird damage. BirdDmg Estimation LeafPubLng Measurement Standard method for leaf pubescence length. 1-9 SPKDEN scale BM Computation Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. The 1bl/1rs translocation in wheat resulted from replacing the short arm of the chromosome 1b of wheat by the short arm of the chromosome 1r of rye (Secale cereale l.). Translocation 1BL/1RS T1BL1RS Translocation 1BL/1RS Absence/Presence Standard method for foliar disease development. FolDis Estimation Refers to grains showing chalky or starchy endosperm areas. GYellBer Grain Grain yellow berry incidence Yellow berry incidence 1-5 GRNCOL scale The degree of endosperm filling. GPlump Plumpness Grain plumpness Grain Leaf Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light. Asat Leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis Light-saturated net photosynthesis Dough strength by alveograph. W value is the area under the curve. it is a combination of dough strength (p value) and extensibility (l value). Dough Alveograph value W AlvW Dough alveograph value W Stem rust notes PgramNote Plant Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Stem rust notes Record date of initiation of booting stage when 50% of the culms expected to produce spikes are between DS39 (Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible) and DS41 (Flag leaf sheath extending). Boot DS39 date Estimation Standard method for barley scald blight severity. RsecaSev Estimation The surface temperature of the canopy is related to the amount of transpiration resulting in evaporative cooling. Canopy Temperature Canopy temperature CT spikelet/spike g HgramInc Estimation Standard method for Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence. GThk Measurement Standard method for whole grain thickness. GrnSpl Computation Sample as for spikelets per spike randomly select 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the spikelets, thresh, count grains, and calculate, or less accurately simply calculate from calculated grains per spike and measured spikelet number. g/plant 1-3 FLRYELLCLS scale StritSev Septoria tritici blotch severity Septoria tritici blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Plant Septoria tritici blotch severity PstriInc Estimation Standard method for Stripe rust incidence. Fusarium graminearum incidence in the plants. Spike Fusarium graminearum incidence Fusarium graminearum incidence FgramInc Reproductive period Plant Time between double ridge (approx. ds14) and anthesis (ds65). RepP Reproductive period GY Measurement The weight of the grain harvested is registered on a scale, decide which method suit better for your objectives. In breeding trials, a sample area (rather than the whole plot) is generally used for estimating yield. Discard borders when combine harvest for a better estimation of yield. StayGreen Canopy Canopy stay green Stay green Ability of the plant to remain/maintain green leaves, stems and spikes at the time of senescing. Foliar disease development The plant damage caused by foliar diseases. FolDis Foliar disease development Leaf Flour falling number Flour Falling number The falling number is defined as the time in seconds required stirring and allowing stirrer to fall a measured distance through a hot aqueous flour or meal gel undergoing liquefaction due to a-amylase activity. FlrFN GrwCls Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat. Growth class Plant Growth class NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. Dough AlvIe Dough alveograph extensibility index Alveograph extensibility index It is the extensibility index of the dough. (p200/p)*100, p200: pressure (p) at 4 cm (l= 40mm) of the curve. GlmPubDen Glume hairiness density on outer side of sterile glume. Glume pubescence density Pubescence density Glume Standard method for FHB spike incidence. FHBSpkInc Estimation Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. RUET Computation Sterility Spike Spike sterility observed as infertile florets. Spike sterility index SpkSterility NHI Computation Calculated as total grain Nitrogen divided by the total biomass Nitrogen. Dough alveograph value L Dough Alveograph value L L value is the extensibility of the dough before the bubble breaks. it is indicated by the length of the curve. AlvL mmol H2O/m2/s Plant Flag smut plant response Flag smut disease response in the plants caused by the agent Urocystic agropyri causing flag smut disease. UagroResp Flag smut plant response Stay-green assessment is conducted through the growing season, starting with the onset of the senescence of the specific organ to be evaluated. StayGreen Estimation Spike Fusarium head blight spike incidence FHBSpkInc Fusarium head blight spike incidence Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in spikes caused by the agent fusarium spp. Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b3. Flour GluB3 Glutenin Glu-B3 composition Glutenin Glu-B3 composition SpkPho Computation Textile treatment is used to inhibit photosynthesis of the spikes through shading(comparison between control and treated spikes). Randomly selected spikes (for example: 12 spikes) per plot are covered with a special designed textile 10 days after anthesis under irrigation and drought or 10 days after heading under heat environments. Then, at physiological maturity the spikes are harvested together with 12 control spikes and the number of grains and weight are recorded and compared the treated spikes with the control ones (Sanchez-Bragado et al., 2016). Lodg Estimation Estimate of the area lodged in the sampled plot. ml/% Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground biomass at harvest. BMNUp Computation Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio. Leaf Leaf intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio CiCa Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio CID determination Proceed following the protocol for sampling of grains or leaves for CID in Chapter 6 in Pask et al., 2012. Mass spectrometers generate differential values of stable carbon isotope composition (?13C), expressed negative values in parts per thousand (?) (Farquhar et al., 1989): ?13C (?) = [(Rsample/Rstandard)?1] × 1000. Where: the ratio of heavy to light isotope (R = 13C/12C) for the sample is in comparison to Peedee Belemnite (PDB) carbonate (limestone) standard. Following Farquhar et al. (1989) ? rather than using carbon isotope composition values (?13C), positive values for CID (?13C) can be calculated for easier statistical analysis as: ?13C = [(?a-?p)]/[1 + (?p/1000)] Length ColeopLng Length of coleoptile (a protective sheath that surrounds the shoot tip and the embryonic leaves of the young shoot of grasses). Coleoptile Coleoptile length g/100 grain Protein content in durum wheat semolina. SemoProt Protein content Semolina Semolina protein content Length Rachis RachLng Length of rachis. Rachis length FE Fruiting efficiency Fruiting efficiency The final outcome of the floret developmental rates (determining the number of floret primordia that reach the stage of fertile florets at anthesis) and the proportion of grain set per fertile floret (the opposite to grain abortion), per unit of spike weight. Spike LeafGlau Estimation Standard method for leaf glaucousness. 1-3 SIZE scale 0-1 absent-present GPhos Measurement Standard method for grain phosphorus content. Standard method for FHB spike response. FHBSpkResp Estimation Flour SDS sedimentation Flour Testing of refined flour quality by sds-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. SDS sedimentation volume FlrSDS The growth habit of the plant whether erect/semi-erect/semi-spreading/spreading/prostrate. Growth habit Plant growth habit Plant GrwHabit TSpl Terminal spikelet time Terminal spikelet time is when the last spikelet, the terminal spikelet, has been produced. Plant Terminal spikelet time 0-9 AnthExt CropGrwRate Computation Standard method for crop growth rate. Standard method for tillering capacity. TllrCapacity Estimation Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.0 mm - 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass5 0-4 PRECO scale Plant Russian wheat aphid damage DnoxiDmg The plant damage caused by Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxis. Russian wheat aphid damage LofVol Baking quality of flour describing bread loaf volume. Bread Loaf volume Bread loaf volume Fusarium head blight grain incidence Fusarium head blight grain incidence Grain FHBGInc Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Bird damage The plant damage caused by birds. Bird damage BirdDmg Plant Standard method for rodent damage. RodentDmg Estimation Modified cobb scale for severity Severity of leaf/stem/stripe rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Observe the tendency of flowering according day-length PhotopResp Estimation Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Leaf Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration. Ci GlmPubLng Measurement Standard method for glume pubescence length. s 0-12 Modified Cobb Scale AntDmg Ant damage Plant Ant damage The plant damage caused by ants. Score the damage caused by frost per plot. FrostDmg Estimation STRNUp Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole above ground straw. Straw Nitrogen uptake Nitrogen uptake Straw Leaf Spectral reflectance Leaf spectral reflectance 750/550 nm LeafR750R700 The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R550 nm wavelength. Grain GNitr Nitrogen content Grain Nitrogen content Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Standard spike dry weight method. SpkDW Computation 1-6 COLOR scale Plant Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Stem rust coefficient of infection PgramCI Stem rust coefficient of infection Flag leaf Area Flag leaf area FLeafA Area of the flag leaf lamina. Tilletia laevis bunt incidence TlaevInc Tilletia laevis bunt incidence Spike Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia laevis (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). AntDmg Estimation Standard method for ant damage. RachLng Measurement Standard method for rachis length. Leaf Powdery mildew severity in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Powdery mildew severity Powdery mildew severity EgramSev a value 1-3 STMSOL scale 0-5 TANSPOT field response scale num Stem Node number Number of nodes in the main stem. NodeN Node number CCI Flour color. FlrCol Flour Color Flour color Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B. spike/m2 Ash content in flour. Whole meal flour Ash content WMFlrAsh Whole meal flour ash content Grain weight increase per degree day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Grain fill rate thermal time GFRTT Plant Grain fill rate thermal time Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at temperature lower than the optimum temperature and rate the tolerance. ColdTol Estimation Peduncle pubescence density PedPubDen Pubescence density Peduncle hairiness density. Peduncle LeafSPI Computation Leaf Sheath Coefficient = Leaf Sheath DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf sheath is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. CTD Computation Standard method for canopy temperature depression. Visual observation of grains size. GSize Estimation Canopy normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. NDVI Canopy Normalized difference vegetation index GrnSpl Number of grains per spikelet. Spikelet Grain number per spikelet Grain number TlaevInc Estimation Tilletia laevis incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. FLeafA Measurement Standard method for flag leaf area. Grain Grain color GCol Color Grain color. yyyymmdd Appearance Grain appearance Appearance of a single grain. GApp Grain NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. 1-6 Phenological relative scale Standard method for grain lysine content. GLys Measurement Indication of the amount of sprout damage that has occurred within a wheat sample. falling number value of 350 seconds or longer indicates a low enzyme activity and very sound wheat quality. as the amount of enzyme activity increases, the falling number decreases. Values below 200 seconds indicate high levels of enzyme activity. Whole meal flour falling number Whole meal flour WMFlrFN Falling number %/min FvLA Measurement Variable fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. Electron transport rate Leaf ETR Leaf electron transport rate Transfer of electrons during photosynthesis in light saturated leaf. Leaf Minimal fluorescence intensity Minimal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Leaf minimal fluorescence intensity FoLA StmStrength Strength Strength of the culm. Stem Stem strength Maximal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Leaf maximal fluorescence intensity Maximal fluorescence intensity Leaf FmDL Standard method for stomatal size. StomaSiz Measurement Standard method for sedimentation index. SedIdx Measurement TTB Booting thermal time Booting thermal time Plant Thermal Time from emergence to Booting (GS45). infertile tiller/m PedLng Measurement Standard method for peduncle length. Standard method for wheat bacterial leaf blight severity. BLBSev Estimation GFP pct Computation Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. µmol CO2/mol Barley scald severity in the plants caused by the agent Rhynchosporium secalis. Barley scald severity Plant Barley scald severity RsecaSev Standard method for leaf rust incidence. PrecoInc Estimation Standard method for loaf volume. LofVol Measurement Leaf Bacterial leaf streak severity BLSSev Bacterial leaf streak severity in the plants caused by the agent Xanthomonas translucens. The disease, called black chaff when on the glumes. Bacterial leaf streak severity TTTS Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until terminal spikelet(thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. µm Standard method for leaf length. LeafLng Measurement Hardness Grain hardness is used as a grading factor to determine the type of wheat. It is a key determinant for classification of wheat and end product quality. Grain Grain hardness GHrd Grain Grain carbon isotope discrimination at maturity from drought trials provides genotypic effects most likely to be related to transpiration rate or an integrative measurement of stomatal conductance. Grain carbon isotope discrimination Carbon isotope discrimination GCID GlmPubDen Estimation Standard method for glume pubescence density. Frost damage Plant Frost damage FrostDmg Plant damage caused by frost. Record date of anthesis (DS65) when 50% of spikes have flowered (i.e. at least 1 anther dehisced). Ant DS65 date Estimation Deviation from the grain yield -grain protein linear regression. GPD Plant Grain Protein Deviation Grain protein deviation Awns Observation of awn type whether awnless/awnletted (short awns)/awned (conspicious awns). Spike awnedness Awnedness Spike ISBM Computation Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. Glume color GlmCol Color observation on the outer glume at maturity. Color Glume LI Computation Measurement of the light intercepted by the canopy using a ceptometer as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. Ant DS65 DT Computation Number of days required from sowing to when 50% of spikes have flowered (DS65). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. kg/kg N Observation of grains dehiscence from spike at maturity. Spike shattering Spike Shattering Shattering Winter kill damage Plant Winter kill damage WKill Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Number of days required from sowing to spike emergence from the flag leaf (DS55). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Hd DS55 days Computation Plant Booting initiation thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Initiation of Booting (GS41). Initiation of Booting thermal time TTIB HtereInc Estimation Standard method for net blotch incidence. cm Standard method for Barley leaf rust incidence. PhordInc Estimation RSpkGP Computation Phase period where the spike growth the most regarding the whole crop cycle and can be calculated as (anthesis date-initiation of booting date)/days to maturity *100. Leaf Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust plant response Leaf rust plant response PrecoResp Spot blotch incidence Spot blotch incidence Leaf HsatiLInc Spot blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (helminthosporium sativum). InsectDmg Estimation Standard method for insect damage. Canopy Structural independent pigment index Structural independent pigment index uses wavelengths showing the best semi-empirical estimation of the carotenoid chlorophyll a ratio (car:chla ratio), and its formulation minimizes the disrupting effects of leaf surface and mesophyll structure. Canopy structural independent pigment index SIPI AcdTol Acid soil tolerance Plant tolerance to acid soil. Acid soil tolerance Plant PthornDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. 1-5 Phenological relative scale Hybrid necrosis incidence HNecro Observation of hybrid necrosis. Plant Plant hybrid necrosis incidence LeafWid Width of leaf. Width Leaf width Leaf 1-6 MIXTYP scale CookSdF Measurement Standard method for cookie spread factor. It can be easily and non-destructively measured during grain-filling (i.e., before physiological maturity) by counting in a given area or length of row. SN Measurement Stem rust seedling response Stem rust seedling response Seedling Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. PgramSdlgResp 1. A sample of 35 grams of flour on a 14 percent moisture basis is weighed and placed in a mixograph bowl, 2. Water is added to the flour from a buret and the bowl is inserted into the mixograph, 3. The flour and water are mixed together to form a dough, 4. As the dough is mixed, the mixograph records a curve on graph paper. MIXOGRAPH determination AACC 54-40 A Variable fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FvDA Measurement Crop growth rate Biomass production Plant CGR It is the rate of dry matter production per unit area. Standard method for grain color. GCol Estimation Calculated as difference between biomass and grain yield. StrawYield_Computation Leaf tip necrosis incidence A physiological phenomenon caused by hot, dry and windy weather. the whole tip of the flag leaf tends to be necrotic and will often fold over. leaf tip necrosis progresses from the margins of the flag leaf tip and lower leaves as well show some signs of it. leaf tip necrosis is observed to some extent in all wheat varieties containing the leaf rust gene resistance gene lr34. LeafTNecro Tip necrosis Leaf Standard method for net blotch severity. HtereSev Estimation 1-3 GROWTHCLS scale NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. Flour Glutenin Glu-B1 composition High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b1. Glutenin Glu-B1 composition GluB1 Leaf tip necrosis is observed and rated in percentage. LeafTNecro Estimation Standard method for flag leaf lamina length. FLeafLLng Measurement Hd DS55 date Estimation Record date of heading (DS55) when 50% of the spike is emerged (i.e., middle of the spike at the flag leaf ligule) on 50% of all stems. spike/m FlrYld Measurement Standard method for flour yield. Standard method for ground cover at 5 leaves stage. GrndCov Measurement (GS15) SpkDen Density or compactness of a wheat spike. Density Spike density Spike Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. RUE Computation Spike TtritInc Tilletia tritici bunt incidence Tilletia tritici bunt incidence Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia tritici (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). GIron Content of iron in grain. Iron content Grain Grain Iron content Thermal Time from emergence to Terminal Spikelet (GS30). Terminal spikelet thermal time Plant TTTS Terminal spikelet thermal time Fusarium leaf blotch incidence FnivLBInc Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). Fusarium leaf blotch incidence Plant delta 13C Stripe rust severity Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriSev Leaf Stripe rust severity Emer Emergence time Plant Emergence time Emergence time is when the first leaf appears above the soil surface. High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a1. Glutenin Glu-A1 composition GluA1 Flour Glutenin Glu-A1 composition Standard method for leaf pubescence density. LeafPubDen Estimation Time required for the dough development from beginning of mixing flour and water to the dough reaches maximum consistency (peak). MixTim Dough Dough Mixograph mixing time Mixograph mixing time Image Analysis Screen Mass1 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains greater than 2.8 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. NeckBreak Estimation Standard method for neck break. A small sample of flour or ground wheat (1.0 grams) is weighed and placed in 25-milliliter glass-stoppered graduated cylinder. This is mixed with different solutions for some minutes and then rested. Finally, the volume of the sediment is recorded after 21 minutes. SDS-sedimentation determination Gluten type is determined based on gluten properties data (flour protein content, Alveograph W, Alveograph P/L) following Peña 2011: Wheat End-use Quality types. GluTyp Estimation Glaucousness GlmGlau Glume Glaucousness in glume. Glume glaucousness StomaRes Measurement Standard method for stomatal resistance. Black point incidence in the plants caused by the fungal species such as Helminthosporium sativum (Cochliobolus sativus), Alternaria alternata and fusarium spp. also black point symptoms are associated to physiological disorders. Grain BlkPtInc Black point incidence Black point incidence Calculate number of plant per area. PlntStnd Computation Standard method for In-season aboveground biomass. ISBM Estimation 1-9 TOL scale CookSdF The ratio between average height and width of cookies. Cookie Cookie spread factor Spread factor Glaucousness Leaf Leaf glaucousness Glaucousness in leaf. LeafGlau Double digit Estimation The method was improved by using two digits, representing the vertical disease progress and an estimate of severity. The first digit gives the relative height of the disease using the original 0-9 Saari-Prescott scale as a measure. The second digit shows the disease severity as a percentage but in terms of 0-9. Because it is difficult to evaluate diseases on dead leaves, disease notes should be taken when at least four leaves are still alive and green (soft to mid-dough growth stage). Then visually evaluate the average percentage severity on only those leaves of the uppermost four that are infected. In practice, the percent severity is estimated on an overall score. The following format is used for scoring severity: 10% coverage = 1, 20% coverage = 2, 30% coverage = 3, 40% coverage = 4, 50% coverage = 5, 60% coverage = 6, 70% coverage = 7, 80% coverage = 8, 90% coverage = 9. The score of 10 is not used. g/MJ plant/plot Sampling for water soluble carbohydrate is often combined with in-season biomass sampling and partitioning. Ensure to plan sampling approach carefully to allow for maximal data collection/economy of sampling (e.g., data on partitioning weights can be collected on the same 20 culm sample). The leaf lamina and/or leaf sheath may also be analyzed for WSC separately, or not removed from the stem for ?whole stem? analysis. Lab analysis is performed by NIR or wet chemical method. StmWSC Measurement Grain weight increase per day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Grain fill rate GFR Plant Grain fill rate Standard method for peduncle glaucousness. PedGlau Estimation day TTM Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until physiological maturity (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. SpkDis Spike disease development Spike disease development Spike The plant damage caused by spike diseases. GlmWid Measurement Standard method for glume width. 1-5 scoring scale Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat GrwCls Estimation MixTq Mixograph torque It is the torque measured during the mixograph test. Dough mixograph torque Dough Width GlmWid Width of glume. Glume Glume width Boot DS45 date Estimation Record booting stage (DS45) when 50% of culms present boot swollen. 1-5 DMG scale ETR Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. LeafSPI Leaf Leaf sheath partitioning index Sheath partitioning index Leaf sheath partitioning index. g/day Standard method for scoring tan spot response in adult plants. TanSpotResp Estimation PlntVig Plant Capacity of the plant to grow. Vigour Plant vigour Number of days required from sowing to physiological maturity (approx. DS87). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Mat DS87 DT Computation GYFac Computation Standard method for yield factor 1-9 incidence scale RcereInc Sharp eyespot incidence Plant Sharp eyespot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia cerealis. Sharp eyespot incidence SDS-sedimentation volume Whole meal flour Testing of whole-meal flour quality by SDS-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. WMFlrSDS Whole meal flour SDS sedimentation 1-9 general scale Counting the number of plant per area or row. PlntStnd Counting Standard method for whole meal flour falling number. WMFlrFN Measurement Pratylenchus thornei damage Pratylenchus thornei damage PthornDmg The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei. Root Tan spot incidence TanSpotInc Leaf Tan spot incidence Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. plant/ha Screenings proportion Grain Grain screenings GScreen Proportion of small grain passing through a sieve. FgramResp Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum response. Plant TTM Thermal Time from emergence to Physiological Maturity (GS87). Physiological maturity thermal time Physiological maturity thermal time Mat DS87 date Estimation Record date of physiological maturity (approx. DS87). It is estimated as when the grain reaches the maximum dry weight and the grain becomes viable. It is most easily determined in-field when 50% of the peduncles are ripe (i.e., yellow). Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until initiation of booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTIB Computation 1-3 GLMCOL scale Glume GlmPubLng Pubescence length Glume pubescence length Glume pubescence length on outer side of sterile glume. Dough alveograph value G Alveograph value G G stands for the square root of the volume of air in the bubble that was possible before the bubble burst. shows how flexible the dough was during the test. AlvG Dough g/200 grain Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a light adapted leaf. FvLAFmLA measurement ml Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Chlorophyll content Leaf LeafPSSRb Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll b Leaf Bacterial leaf blight severity Wheat bacterial leaf blight severity in the plants caused by the agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. symptoms: small (less than 0.04 inches) water-soaked lesions expand and eventually coalesce. initial lesions become necrotic and turn from gray-green to tan-white. Entire leaves may become necrotic, but heads and glumes are typically symptomless. Bacterial leaf blight severity BLBSev FvDAFmLA measurement Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a dark adapted leaf. Standard method for spectral reflectance. RNDVI Measurement 1-6 SPKTYPE scale Strength Straw strength Strength of straw. StrawStn Straw STRNUp Computation Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the straw at harvest. Water index WI Canopy Canopy water index Water index use reflectance at 970 nm as a wavelength sensitive to water content, while reflectance at 900 nm is taken as a reference which is similarly affected by canopy and leaf structures but with null absorption by water. Observe winterkill of plants per plot and rate it. WKill Estimation GLng Measurement Standard method for whole grain length. Severity of rust in spike is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. PstriSpkSev Estimation RsolaInc Estimation Standard method for rhizoctonia root rot incidence. Amax Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. degree C day Canopy Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a Rarsa is an estimation of chlorophyll a content. Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a RARSa Leaf Barley leaf rust incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. PhordCI Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection Hessian fly damage HesFlyDmg The plant damage caused by hessian fly, Maytiola destructor. Plant Hessian fly damage Standard method for leaf rolling incidence. LRollInc Estimation HsatiLInc Estimation Standard method for Spot blotch incidence. Canopy Normalized water index 3 Canopy normalized water index 3 Normalized water index 3 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). NWI3 Germ Measurement Laboratory seed test for germination should be carried out before seeding to calculate seeding rates or determine the status of storage seed. The percentage of seeds capable of producing normal seedlings under ordinarily favorable conditions (not including seeds which produce weak, malformed, or obviously abnormal sprouts), determined by methods ISTA seed testing protocols. Heat tolerance Heat tolerance Plant tolerance to heat conditions. Plant HeatTol Powdery mildew incidence Powdery mildew incidence EgramInc Leaf Powdery mildew incidence in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Plant Heading thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Heading (GS55). TTH Heading thermal time Standard method for forage dry matter. ForgDM Estimation Straw breakage StrawBreak Breakage Straw Amount of straw breakage. t/ha Plant Maturity time starts at hard dough stage (ds87) often called physiological maturity. Maturity time Mat Maturity time Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. PlntVig Estimation Fusarium graminearum plant response Fusarium graminearum plant response FgramResp Fusarium graminearum response in the plants. Spike 1-5 TANSPOT field response scale TanSpotSdlgResp Estimation Standard method for scoring tan spot response in seedlings. Leaf area index LAI Plant It is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies and defined as the leaf area per unit ground surface area. Leaf area index SaltTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at the field presenting soil salinity and rate the tolerance. Standard method for whole meal flour yellow pigment. WMFlrYellPig Measurement Standard method for whole grain width. GWid Measurement FoxiWilt Plant Fusarium wilt incidence Fusarium wilt incidence Fusarium wilt incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium oxysporum. LeafTR Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Standard method for barley yellow dwarf incidence. BYDInc Estimation Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence Fusarium head blight (scab) spikelets incidence caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence FHBSplInc Spikelet Septoria nodorum blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Stagonospora nodorum (syn. Septoria glume blotch) (Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude (syn. Stagonospora nodorum). SnodoInc Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Plant Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Measurement of leaf thickness. LeafThk Leaf Leaf thickness Thickness Number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per unit area, sample or plant. Tiller number TN Tiller number Tiller Black point incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of grain with black point symptoms. BlkPtInc Estimation Grain Grain starch content Content of starch (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Gstarch Starch content Grain Nitrogen utilization efficiency as the grain dry mass in relation to the total amount of Nitrogen in above-ground plant at harvest. Grain Nitrogen utilization efficiency NutE Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency Dwarf bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia controversa. TcontInc Dwarf bunt incidence Dwarf bunt incidence Spike InsectDmg Insect damage Insect damage The plant damage caused by insects. Plant RootRot Estimation Standard method for common root rot incidence. Nitrogen Use Efficiency BMNUE Above ground biomass nitrogen efficiency Plant The above ground biomass production per total Nitrogen available to a plant. Plant Hail damage HailDmg Hail damage Plant damage caused by hail. Height of plant from ground to top of spike, excluding awns. PH Plant Height Plant height FLeafLLng Length of flag leaf lamina. Length Flag leaf lamina length Flag leaf lamina High throughput approaches to measuring ground cover are: visual assessment or digital analysis of photographs GrndCov Measurement GrnTllr Computation Count the total number of grains per tiller. EgramInc Estimation Standard method for powdery mildew incidence. Some forms of spotting and necrosis result from chromosomal instability or genetic aberrations, these disorders are known as hybrid necrosis. Affected plants show differing degrees of necrosis, often associated with stunting or dwarf clumping. Hybrid necrosis usually is observed in early generation material, and affected progeny are eliminated HNecro Estimation 0-9 GRNAPP scale Standard method for seed vitreousness. GVtr Estimation 1-4 HRDCLS scale The plant damage caused by suni pest (Eurygaster spp., sunn pest, suni bug). SuPDmg Plant Suni pest damage Suni pest damage Plant Septoria tritici blotch plant response Septoria tritici blotch plant response StritResp Septoria tritici blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to leaf/stem/stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the following scale: 0-No visible infection. R-Resistant, necrotic areas with or without small pustules. MR-Moderately Resistant, small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas. M-Intermediate, pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis. MS-Moderately Susceptible, medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible. S-Susceptible, large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis. Adult plants rust field response Estimation Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.8 mm - 2.5 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass2 Standard method for Fusarium leaf blotch incidence. FnivLBInc Estimation FHBSplInc Counting Standard method for FHB infected spikelets counting. MgrisSev Estimation Standard method for wheat blast severity. Aphid damage The plant damage caused by various species of aphids. Plant AphDmg Aphid damage Straw Nitrogen content Nitrogen content of the above ground straw biomass. Straw Nitrogen content STRNitr 1-3 SEDVTR scale Forage dry matter Plant ForgDM Forage dry matter Forage dry matter. Grain moisture content Grain Moisture content of grain. GMoi Moisture content Plant Drought tolerance Drought tolerance DroughtTol Plant tolerance to drought conditions. Use formulae to calculate grain yield in g/m2 GY Computation Loose smut incidence in the plants caused by ustilago tritici. Loose smut incidence UtritInc Loose smut incidence Spike Standard method for stem length. StmLng Measurement plant/m True Stem Coefficient = True stem DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of true stem is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. TSPI Computation Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the grain at harvest. GNUp Computation Rapid spike growth period Rapid spike growth period. Canopy RSpkGP Grain Filling duration Anthesis thermal time Plant Thermal Time from emergence to Anthesis (GS65). TTA Anthesis thermal time Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R675. Leaf R675 Measurement TtritInc Estimation Tilletia tritici incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. ppm Standard method for awn color. AwnCol Estimation Anthesis time Anthesis time Ant Anthesis or flowering time is the period during which a flower is fully open and functional. pollination and fertilization occur during this period. Plant Standard method for stomatal frequency. StomaFrq Counting NupE Computation Calculated as above ground biomass Nitrogen content divided by soil Nitrogen Leaf transpiration rate Leaf transpiration rate. Leaf LeafTR Leaf transpiration rate Length of spike. SpkLng Length Spike Spike length Plant PherpResp Eyespot plant response Eyespot plant response Eye spot response in the plants caused by the fungal species Tapesia yallundae (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoide w-type) and Tapesia acuformis (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides r-type). Symptoms: the eye shape elliptical lesions forms on lower base of stem and lower leaf sheath. The eyespots are straw yellow in color from the middle and are surrounded by the greenish brown to dark brown rings. Standard method for spike type. SpkTyp Estimation Spikelet number Spikelet SplN Number Number of spikelets per spike. Standard method for grain zinc content. GZinc Measurement Glutenin Glu-D1 composition Glutenin Glu-D1 composition High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d1. Flour GluD1 Leaf stomatal frequency Number of stomata counted per unit area on the leaf surface. Leaf Stomatal frequency StomaFrq Take measurements at least two times from full ground cover to the end of booting (pre-heading), and at least two times from the end of anthesis to late grainfilling (grain-filling) -with 5-7 days between each measurement to give a reasonably heritable estimate of trait expression. CT Measurement Standard method for hessian fly damage. HesFlyDmg Estimation Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.2 ? 2.0 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count4 Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until anthesis (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTA Computation Plant tolerance to aluminum. Aluminum tolerance Aluminum tolerance Plant AlTol Heading time Plant Heading time extends from the time of emergence of the tip of the spike from the flag leaf sheath to when the spike has completely emerged but has not yet started to flower. Hd Heading time Alternaria leaf blight plant response Alternaria leaf blight response in the plants caused by the agent Alternaria triticina. Leaf AtritResp Alternaria leaf blight plant response Growth stage Growth stage Plant GrwStg Growth/developmental stages based on Zadoks decimal code. Whole meal flour Color WMFlrCol Whole meal flour color The whole meal flour color. Plant Nitrogen uptake Uptake of Nitrogen in the above ground biomass at maturity. Above ground biomass nitrogen uptake BMNUp Extrusion of anthers. AnthExt Anther Anther extrusion Anther extrusion Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. ErlVig Estimation Standard method for straw breakage. StrawBreak Estimation Standard method for suni pest damage. SuPDmg Estimation BMNUE Computation Calculated as the above ground biomass divided by the total soil Nitrogen. Southern blight plant response Plant Southern blight response in the plants caused by the agent Corticum rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii). Southern blight plant response SrolfResp Standard method for content of deoxynivalenol or DON (vomitoxin) that is often associated with FHB (Fusarium spp.) infected grains. FHBDON Measurement Dry weight of spike(s). Spike dry weight Spike dry weight SpkDW Spike FHBGInc Estimation Standard method for FHB grain incidence. Assessment of physiological maturity (approx. DS87) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. Mat DS87 relative Estimation Amount (weight) of straw. StrawYld Straw Straw yield Yield DR date Estimation Record date of double ridge stage (DS14-15 approx.). Double ridge signifies that the plant?s main growing point will produce no more primordial leaves, and instead will produce primordial spikelets of the young spike. The dissection and observation of the main tiller apex on an optic magnifier is required. Seedling rust field response Estimation Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. grain/spike TcontInc Estimation Standard method for dwarf bunt incidence. L value Leaf pubescence length Leaf pubescent length. LeafPubLng Leaf Pubescence length Canopy The amount of biomass produced per unit of intercepted solar radiation. Radiation Use Efficiency RUE_T Radiation use efficiency FHBAUDPC Fusarium head blight AUDPC Spike Fusarium head blight AUDPC Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Septoria blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Leaf SepSPInc Septoria blotch incidence Septoria blotch incidence Calculated as grain yield per unit of Nitrogen taken up. Nute Computation Calculated grain weight increase per degree day with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. GFRTT Computation Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust coefficient of infection PstriCI Leaf Stripe rust coefficient of infection Production per day Biomass production rate. BMPR Biomass Biomass production rate 15).]]> FlrYellCls Measurement 0-5 Septoria Response scale Neck break Peduncle Peduncle neck break Observation of spike break from the base of head. NeckBreak The plant damage caused by worms. Worm damage Plant Worm damage WormDmg Stem length Length Stem Length of stem. StmLng Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Rarsb is an estimation of chlorophyll b content. Canopy RARSb Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b StrawCol Straw color Color of straw. Color Straw StmStrength Estimation Standard method for stem strength. Partitioning index SpkPI Spike partitioning index. Spike Spike partitioning index Armyworm damage The plant damage caused by armyworm. ArmyWDmg Armyworm damage Plant Fusarium head blight (scab) spike response caused by the agent fusarium spp. Spike Fusarium head blight spike response Fusarium head blight spike response FHBSpkResp GlmGlau Estimation Standard method for glume glaucousness. SpkPho Spike Spike photosynthesis contribution Spike Photosynthesis Photosynthetic contribution of the spike (ear) to grain yield. Light interception Canopy light interception LI Light energy intercepted by the canopy. Canopy Fusarium graminearum severity Fusarium graminearum severity Spike FgramSev Fusarium graminearum severity in the plants. Flour Flour yield Proportion of flour recovered during milling. FlrYld Yield Simple ratio SR A vegetation index related with canopy structure, light absorption and photosynthetic capacity. Canopy simple ratio Canopy SBMVInc Estimation Standard method for soil borne mosaic virus incidence. StrawYld Estimation Standard method for straw yield. g/l grain/spikelet InfertSpkN Number of infertile spikelet per spike. Spike Infertile spike number Number g/m2 Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust incidence PstriInc Leaf Stripe rust incidence Boot DS39 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to initiation of booting (DS39-DS41). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Plant Waterlogging damage Waterlogging damage WtrLoggDmg LeafWid Measurement Standard method for leaf width. Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Fs Measurement Rarsc is an estimation of carotenoid content. Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Canopy RARSc Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid TllrGW Measurement The weight of the grain taken per tiller. Barley helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence in the plants caused by the agent Drechslera graminea (helminthosporium gramineum). Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Leaf HgramInc Spike SpkTyp Shape characteristics of typical mature spikes. Spike type Type ErlVig Plant early vigour Plant Capacity of a seedling or plant to grow vegetatively in early stages of development. Early vigour AwnLng Measurement Standard method for awn length. Standard method for node number. NodeN Counting Standard method for herbicide damage. HerbicideDmg Estimation SnodoInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Plant Stem rust (black rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Stem rust severity PgramSev Stem rust severity 1-3 STDEST scale Standard method for flag smut field response. UagroResp Estimation Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Flour GluA3 Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a3. HavenDmg Estimation Cereal cyst nematodes are more readily detected on seedlings than on adult plants. The roots of infested plants develop frequent branches and swellings (cysts). Stripe rust plant response Leaf Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust plant response PstriResp DnoxiDmg Estimation Standard method for russian wheat aphid damage. Grain GAmyloPec Grain amylopectin content Content of amylopectin in grain. Amylopectin content min Rodent damage RodentDmg Plant The plant damage caused by rodent. Rodent damage The fraction of Nitrogen recovered in the harvested grain as a function of the total Nitrogen taken up. NHI Plant Nitrogen harvest index Nitrogen harvest index Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. RNDVI Canopy Canopy red normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index Grain Proportion of seed that germinate under proper condition. Grain germination Germ Germination Standard method for spectral reflectance. GNDVI Measurement Flour Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d3. Glutenin Glu-D3 composition GluD3 Glutenin Glu-D3 composition Plant Phenotypic acceptability Agronomic score Rating of overall agronomic attributes and health of plants. AgrScr StritResp Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch response. Standard method for standard establishment. StdEst Estimation FND DS31 date Estimation Record date of first node detectable (DS31). It is easier to determine in the field than DS30. It is estimated in-field as the day at which the first node can be detected at approximately 1 cm above the tillering node. The observation is performed in the main tiller. 0-8 Rust infection type Standard method for spike density. SpkDen Estimation Fusarium leaf blotch severity Plant FnivLBSev Fusarium leaf blotch severity Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) severity in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). text Standard method for loose smut incidence. UtritInc Estimation Number of days from sowing to first node detectable. However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. FND DS31 DT Computation AlTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a soil presenting aluminum toxicity and rate the tolerance. 1. A 10-gram sample of flour or ground wheat is weighed and placed into the glutomatic washing chamber on top of the polyester screen, 2. The sample is mixed and washed with a 2 percent salt solution for 5 minutes, 3. The wet gluten is removed from the washing chamber, placed in the centrifuge holder, and centrifuged, 4. The residue retained on top of the screen and through the screen is weighed. FLRGluCon Measurement Tiller GWTTILL Grain weight per tiller Grain weight Grain weight per tiller. Standard method for karnal bunt incidence. TindiInc Estimation Plant Double ridge time Double ridge time Double ridge time is just when apex changes from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. DRidge Leaf stomatal resistance StomaRes Stomatal resistance Resistance to diffusion of water vapor through a plant stomata. Leaf CrmStr Bread crumb structure Structure The cellular structure of wheat bread crumb. Bread CGR Computation It is measured during rapid spike growth phase. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Then, CRG is the production of biomass per day between initiation of booting and seven days after anthesis. Calculated as (Biomass 7DAA/m2 - Biomass InB/m2)/Days from InB to 7DAA. cm2 Barley stripe mosaic incidence in the plants caused by barley stripe mosaic virus. Plant Barley stripe mosaic incidence BSMV Barley stripe mosaic incidence Standard method for barley stripe mosaic virus incidence. BSMV Estimation GFPTT Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Winter survival Winter survival Plant Wsurv Ability to survive or withstand cold temperatures in the late fall, winter, or early spring. GgtriInc Estimation Standard method for take all incidence. Spike Threshblty Spike threshability Threshability (ease to thresh) is a score where several spike-related traits such as rachis fragility (brittle or non-brittle rachis) and glume tenacity (hulled or free-threshing). Threshability Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with NIRs. StmWSC NIR Measurement Nitrogen content of the above ground biomass. Plant BMNitr Nitrogen content Above ground biomass nitrogen content LAI Computation LAI can be determined directly by taking a sample of canopy from a plant canopy, measuring the leaf area per sample plot with an area meter or image scanner and dividing it by the plot land surface area. Indirect methods use ceptometer to measure canopy geometry or light extinction and relate it to LAI. (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2). The response of a cultivar or genotype is expressed on a score 1-9, where 1= highly susceptible and 9 = highly tolerant, based on the extent of bronze colored necrosis of leaf tips extending down the leaf margins BTol Estimation 1-3 GRNPLUMP scale Fs Steady-state fluorescence Leaf The fluorescence emitting during steady state. Leaf steady-state fluorescence Plant Take all incidence Take-all incidence in the plants caused by the agent Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt). GgtriInc Take all incidence Is the result of dividing sedimentation volume by flour protein content. Flour Flour SDS sedimentation index Sedimentation index SedIdx Boot DS45 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to booting stage (DS45). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Canopy Normalized pheophytinization index Normalized pheophytinization index can be used to detect chlorophyll degradation. Canopy normalized pheophytinization index NPQI Notes taken in the field. Note Estimation Leaf rust notes Leaf PrecoNote Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust notes Leaf PstriNote Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust notes Stripe rust notes Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.2 mm - 2.0 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass4 GFR Computation Calculated daily grain weight increase between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration. Semolina Color The semolina color. Semolina color SemoCol RootDis Estimation Standard method for root disease development. grain/m2 StmDia Diameter Stem outer diameter. Stem diameter Stem 1-5 GHABIT scale CiCa Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. FLeafLWid Flag leaf lamina Width Width of flag leaf lamina. Flag leaf lamina width Barley leaf rust severity Leaf Barley leaf rust severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Barley leaf rust severity PhordSev PrecoResp Estimation Standard method for leaf rust response. Leaf Soil borne mosaic incidence Soil borne mosaic incidence Soil borne mosaic incidence in the plants caused by the agent soilborne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv) which is vectored by Plasmodiophorid polymyxa graminis. SBMVInc Harvest index is expressed in percentage and can be calculated as Harvest index (%) = (Grain yield/Biomass)*100. HI Computation Vegetative period Time period between emergence (ds10) and first node detectable (ds31). VgP Plant Plant vegetative period Measure the length of individual culms from soil surface to the tip of the spike (do not include awn) and record to the nearest centimeter. (Average of 4-10 plants/culms per plot). PH Measurement WMFlrYellPig Whole meal flour yellow pigment content Whole meal flour Whole meal flour yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Yellow pigment content 0-5 FHB field response scale Standard method for grain hardness class. GHrd Measurement Plant photoperiod response Photoperiod response Extent to which long days hasten flowering. PhotopResp Plant Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under droughted condition and rate the tolerance. DroughtTol Estimation Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Asat Measurement Stem True stem partitioning index TSPI True stem partitioning index. True stem partitioning index SrolfResp Estimation Standard method for southern blight response. For agronomic score observe visually detectable signs of factors limiting yields and rate. AgrScr Estimation Net blotch severity Leaf HtereSev Net blotch severity Net blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (Helminthosporium teres). TilSpSpkInc Estimation Common bunt incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. RcereInc Estimation Main shoots are assessed for sharp eyespot disease. PrecoInc Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf Leaf rust incidence Leaf rust incidence degree C Anet Net photosynthesis rate Leaf Leaf net photosynthesis rate Carbon fixation by photosynthesis. Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTB Computation Dough Mixograph type (mixograph curve) is used for determining the strength of dough. Dough mixograph type MixTyp Mixograph type Helminthosporium species severity HelSpSev The disease severity in the plants caused by the agent Helminthosporium species. Helminthosporium species severity Plant Plant Grain filling period thermal time GFPTT Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87) in thermal time. Grain filling period thermal time SemoYellPig Semolina yellow pigment content Semolina yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Yellow pigment content Semolina Image Analysis Screen Count5 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.0 ? 1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. 0-9 AWNS scale Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. HeatTol Estimation b value Surface area Grain GsurfA Surface of whole grain. Grain surface area Grain Content of zinc in grain. GZinc Grain Zinc content Zinc content Standard method for Septoria species response. SepSpResp Estimation Moisture content is determined by drying a grain wheat sample in an air oven and comparing the weight of the sample before and after heating. The amount of weight loss is the moisture content. Moisture content results are expressed as a percentage. GMoi Estimation SN Computation Calculated from yield components sampling. Stomata size. StomaSiz Stomatal size Leaf Leaf stomatal size FmLA Measurement Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. Standard method for Septoria species incidence. SepSPInc Estimation node 1-5 density scale Calculated as biomass per unit of Nitrogen taken up. BMNUte Computation Leaf Leaf spectral reflectance 675 nm LeafR675 Spectral reflectance The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R675 nm wavelength. Gluten type whether weak-tenacious/tenacious/weak/medium strong/strong. GluTyp Gluten type Flour Flour gluten type plant/m2 LeafPubDen Leaf hairiness density. Leaf Leaf pubescence density Pubescence density StritInc Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch incidence. 1-3 HRDCLS scale GIron Measurement Standard method for grain iron content. grains/tiller Zadoks or decimal code (00-99) FLeafSen Estimation Rate using a scale from 0 (0% senescence) to 10 (100% senescence) using the guide, in increments of 10%. AtritResp Estimation Standard method for Alternaria leaf blight field response. 1-3 STRAWStrength LeafThk Measurement Standard method for leaf thickness. kg/plot AwnCol Awn color. Awn color Color Awn Tolerance of grain to sprout when in the spike. Sprouting tolerance Grain SproutTol Sprouting tolerance Infertile tiller number Number Infertile tiller Number of infertile tillers per unit area, sample or plant. InfertTN m Both the total number of spikelets and the number of fertile spikelets (i.e., those containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. When sampling large numbers of samples or plots, time may be saved by randomly counting one side of the spike and multiplying by two. SplN Counting Plant Grain filling period Grain filling period Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). GFP Stripe rust seedling response Stripe rust seedling response PstriSdlgResp Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the seedlings caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Seedling Glume length Length GlmLng Length of glume. Glume Measurement of plant emergence and vigor in the field. Establish Plant Stand establishment StdEst 1-5 TOL scale Rust Coefficient of infection Computation Coefficient of infection (CI) calculated by multiplying the severity times a constant for host response: where immune = 0.0, R=0.2, MR =0.4, MS =0.8, and S=1.0. stoma/mm2 Leaf Rolling severity Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. LRollSev Leaf rolling severity Spot blotch severity Spot blotch severity Leaf HsatiLSev Spot blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (Helminthosporium sativum). Booting time Plant Boot Booting time Booting time is just prior to spike emergence, when the flag leaf sheath encloses the growing spike. 1-9 PHOTORESP scale StmDia Measurement Standard method for stem diameter. FmDA Measurement Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. NUE Computation Calculated as the grain yield divided by the total soil Nitrogen. 1-5 incidence scale ?mol/m2/s Canopy Difference between ambient temperature and canopy temperature. CTD Canopy temperature depression Temperature depression SLA Measurement Leaf area of flag leaf or all laminas is measured. Then the leaves are oven dried at 60-70oC for 48h and the dry weight is recorded. Then, the specific leaf area is calculated as the ratio of leaf area to dry mass SLA= leaf area/dry mass. mmol/m2/s µmol CO2/m2/s TTH Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until emergence (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Seed gall nematode damage SGNDmg The wheat seed-gall nematode damage caused by Anguina tritici. Seed gall nematode damage Plant Leaf spectral reflectance 550 nm LeafR550 Spectral reflectance Leaf The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R550 nm wavelength. DR DT Computation Number of days from sowing to double ridge (DS14-15 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Protein content FlrProt Total protein content (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in refined flour. Flour protein content Flour Count the number of infertile tillers. InfertTN Counting Leaf maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry FvLAFmLA Maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured in the leaf. Leaf Leaf Leaf carbon isotope discrimination Carbon isotope discrimination LeafCID Leaves carbon isotope discrimination can be measured in the leaves during early canopy development in well irrigated trials, in which case genotypic effects will be related mainly to transpiration efficiency. Thickness Grain Grain thickness GThk Thickness of whole grain. Standard method for stem wall thickness. StmWallThk Measurement Leaf Length LeafLng Leaf length Length of leaf. Grain Yield Grain yield Amount (weight) of grains that was harvested. GY SepSpResp Septoria blotch plant response Septoria blotch plant response Leaf Septoria blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Standard method for straw color. StrawCol Estimation SpkGW Measurement Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. SpkDis Estimation Standard method for spike disease development. Standard method for awn presence estimation. Awns Presence FgramSev Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum severity. Leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Leaf Chl Standard method for fluorescence measurement. PhiPS2 Measurement SaltTol Salinity tolerance Plant tolerance to soil salinity. Plant Salinity tolerance Boron tolerance Boron tolerance Plant tolerance to high levels of soil boron. BTol Plant Grain Width of whole grain. GWid Grain width Width RLNDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. NIR calibrated NIRS Fibre Measurement Calculate grain yield of an entry as percentage over a local check. GY Relative to check Computation HtereInc Net blotch incidence Net blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (helminthosporium teres). Net blotch incidence Leaf mm2 1-5 RELTPH scale Leaf R750/R700 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/700. 1-9 scoring scale 1-3 GRNCOL scale Standard method for flag leaf lamina width. FLeafLWid Measurement Ground cover Crop ground cover, or the percentage of soil surface covered by plant foliage. Crop ground cover Plant GrndCov NWI2 Normalized water index 2 Canopy Normalized water index 2 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Canopy normalized water index 2 Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. RLNDmg Root lesion nematode damage Root Root lesion nematode damage Standard method for Fusarium wilt incidence. FoxiWilt Estimation GW Measurement Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. Spectral reflectance LeafR750R700 Leaf Leaf spectral reflectance 750/700 nm The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R700 nm wavelength. TSpl DT Computation Number of days from sowing to terminal spikelet (DS25-30 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with chemical method Antrone. StmWSC Atrone Measurement GYPR Computation Calculated with grain yield obtained /days to maturity. GN Computation Grain number (GNO) as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. GNO determines the sink size of the crop and under many conditions it is strongly correlated with yield. Grains/m2 (GNO) = yield (g/m2) / TGW (g) × 1000. Incidence of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Leaf rolling incidence Leaf LRollInc Rolling incidence Standard method for Fusarium graminearum incidence. FgramInc Estimation GYellBer Measurement Standard method for yellow berry incidence. HavenDmg Cyst nematode damage The wheat cyst nematode damage caused by cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae. Cyst nematode damage Root 0-5 percentage scale Grain size GSize Grain Grain size. Size 1-5 GLUTYP scale SpkSterility Computation Standard method for sterility index computation. SpkPI Computation Calculated from shoots sampled seven days after anthesis and SPI is expressed as a ratio and can be calculated as SPI= (dry weight of spikes at anthesis+7/dry weight of the whole plants (shoots) at anthesis+7). Observe the tendency of grain to sprout when in the spike and rate the tolerance. SproutTol Estimation PedLng Peduncle length Peduncle Length of peduncle. Length Distorted leaves and stems are evident prior to heading. As diseased plants approach maturity, galls are formed in the florets, replacing the kernels. The galls are similar in shape to the seed they replace and are dark brown in color. Large numbers of motile larvae are present within the galls and become active after the galls have been moistened. These nematodes can act as vectors of Clavibacter tritici. SGNDmg Estimation 0-9 density scale FHBSpkWt Computation Relative spike weight is calculated by dividing spike weight (at maturity) from infected by the non-infected. Standard method for test weight. AACC 55-10 or SeedCount management procedure GrwStg Zadoks Estimation Observe the growth stage or development stage (DS) of wheat plants using the Zadoks scale decimal code, based on 10 major stages, with each stage divided into sub-stages. BMPR Computation Calculated with final biomass obtained /days to maturity. Standard method for sawfly damage. SawflyDmg Estimation A ratio of grain yield to total above ground biomass. Harvest index Plant HI Biomass partitioning to grain VgP Computation Calculated as time between emergence (DS10) and first node detectable (DS31) as percentage of crop cycle duration. Pratylenchus neglectus damage Pratylenchus neglectus damage Root The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus. PnegleDmg Standard method for tan spot incidence in adult plants. TanSpotInc Estimation PnegleDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. GApp Estimation Standard method for grain appearance. FoDA Measurement Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. Fusarium head blight DON content Grain Content of deoxynivalenol or don (vomitoxin) that is often associated with fhb (fusarium spp.) infected grains. Fusarium head blight DON content FHBDON mg/kg Anet Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. WMFlrAsh Estimation Standard method for ash content in whole meal flour. FlrFN Measurement 1. A 7-gram sample of ground wheat or flour is weighed and combined with 25 milliliter of distilled water in a glass falling number tube with a stirrer and shaken to form a slurry. When grinding a wheat sample to perform a falling number test, it should be at least 300 grams to assure a representative sample, 2. As the slurry is heated in a boiling water bath at 100° Centigrade and stirred constantly, the starch gelatinizes and forms a thick paste, 3. The time it takes the stirrer to drop through the paste is recorded as the falling number value. Variable fluorescence FvLA Leaf Leaf variable fluorescence Variable fluorescence measured in the leaf. PedPubDen Estimation Standard method for peduncle pubescence density. spikelet Stem StmCol Stem color Color of the stems. Color Standard method for grain amylopectin content. GAmyloPec Measurement 1-8 generic disease field response scale method_of joules Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.8 ? 2.5 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count2 0-5 incidence scale StmCol Estimation Standard method for stem color. GrwHabit Estimation Observe the growth habit of wheat plants during tillering stages and rate whether erect/semi-erect/prostrate/semi-spreading/spreading Image Analysis Screen Count1 Standard method for screening grain size distribution >2.8 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R)machine. 0-9 RCERE scale PhiCO2 Measurement Standard method for gas exchange measurement. Marvin method for whole surface area. GSurfA_Measurement 1-5 HRDCLS scale Standard method for spectral reflectance. LeafPSSRb Measurement Standard method for screening grain size distribution <1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count6 1-4 PRECO scale 1-5 Septoria response scale Standard method for armyworm damage. ArmyWDmg Estimation g/degree C day Number of grains expressed as per unit area or sample. GN Grain number Grain Number Plant Stem rust plant response PgramResp Stem rust plant response Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Threshblty Estimation Observe threshability by hand threshing of one or two spikes and rate it according how easily grains are separated from the rachis and glumes using 1 (hard to thresh) to 9 (easy to thresh) scale. scale_of tiller/plant Standard method for semolina yellow pigment. SemoYellPig Measurement Measured as weight by percentage of all matter remaining above a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots. GReten Measurement GScreen Measurement Measured as weight by percentage of all matter passing through a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots g/1000 grain