CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass1_pct FOXYWIL _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FoxiWilt_E_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC GFILLPERIOD_thermal_time GFPTT_Calc_Cday NodeNO_Ct_node NODENO _num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PgramSev_E_pct PGRAM_pct__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StrawBreak_E_1to9 IBD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Boot_dateInit_ymd IBD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT 20% plant height affected, 50% coverage 25 GlmCol_E_1to3 GLMCOL_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BM_Calc_kgha CIMMYT BM_kg_ha TANSPOT_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TanSpotSev_E_00to99 AgrScr_E_0to9 CIMMYT AGRSCR_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HI_Calc_pct HI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafR550_M_Idx 40% coverage 4 28 20% plant height affected, 80% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TlaevInc_E_pct CIMMYT TLAEV_pct__INC 30% plant height affected, 40% coverage 34 7 high CIMMYT BLBSev_E_00to99 BLB_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla light moderate susceptible LMS CIMMYT Anet_M_umolCO2m2s2 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EGRAM_pct__INC CIMMYT EgramInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafGlau_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFGLAU_1_5 CIMMYT 1 CIMMYT FnivLBSev_E_00to99 FNIVLB_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 31 30% plant height affected, 10% coverage RootDis_E_1to5 ROOTDIS_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RootDis_N_T_S_M_V Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AnthExt_E_pct TILSP_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TilSpSpkInc_E_pct ACDTOL _1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AcdTol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLOTGRNYLD_g CIMMYT GY_M_gPlot CIMMYT BM_g_pl BM_M_gPlnt Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTTS_Calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 50% plant height affected, 80% coverage 58 0 no visible infection (0) PLNTVIG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PlntVig_E_1to5 GW_M_g1000grn TGW TGW_g Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TKW THOUWT CIMMYT LeafWid_M_mm LEAFWID_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Luzie U Wingen JIC BMNUtE_Calc_kgkgN Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PGRAM_text PgramNote_E_text 90% (33.3% occupied by uredia) 90 CIMMYT FLRYLD FLRYD FlrYld_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT REPPERIOD_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RepP_Calc_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLBSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SnodoInc_E_pct SNODO_pct__INC LAI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LAI_Calc_Idx susceptible, large uredinia without chlorosis (4) 4 DROUGHTTOL_1_5 DroughtTol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Asat_M_umolCO2m2s1 CIMMYT CIMMYT CGR_Calc_gm2day Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HeatTol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HEATTTOL_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Hd_relat_1to5 RELTHD RELTHD_1_5 CIMMYT HNECRO_0_1 HNecro_E_0to1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMSOL_1_3 CIMMYT StmSol_E_1to3 5% (1.85% occupied by uredia) 5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI4_M_Idx CIMMYT NWI4_index CIMMYT FoDA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 38 30% plant height affected, 80% coverage CIMMYT ALVW_joules AlvW_M_joules Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GrnIron_M_mgkg GRNIRON_mg_kg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkPho_Textile_pct CIMMYT WormDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WORMDMG_pct PH_m PH_M_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 purple to black THRESHBLTY_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Threshblty_E_1to9 MS moderately Susceptible (MS), medium-sized lesions, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GluA3_M_text GLUA3_text CIMMYT GY_Calc_tha Yld_tha GY_tha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNYLD_t_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CHL_CCI CIMMYT Chl_M_CCI 90% plant height affected, 30% coverage 93 40% plant height affected, 20% coverage 42 CIMMYT FlrFN_M_s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRFN _s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_0_9__RESP CIMMYT PstriResp_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FgramSev_E_pct CIMMYT FROSTDMGP_1_9 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FrostDmg_E_1to9 MR moderately resistant (MR), small lesions surrounded by necrotic areas CIMMYT ANTDMG_pct AntDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 13 10% plant height affected, 30% coverage Resistant (R) - Very light pycnidial formation. Some coalescing of lesions mainly toward the leaf tip and in older leaf tissue. R HGRAM_pct HgramInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GNitr_NIRS_pct GRN_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC intermediate (M), lesions of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis I 3 medium Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ALVL_mm AlvL_M_mm CIMMYT SemoYellPig_M_ppm SEMOYELPIG_ppm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PstriResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PSTRI_1_8__ADLTRESP 0 none Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GgtriInc_E_1to5 GGTRI_1_5_INC CIMMYT BYD_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BYDInc_E_0to9pct HAILDMG_0_9 HailDmg_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GReten_M_pct GRNRETEN_pct REPPERIOD_pct RepP_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT early (E) 2 Luzie U Wingen JIC BMNUP_Calc_kgha 30% plant height affected, 70% coverage 37 Luzie U Wingen JIC STRNitr_NIRS_pct DAYSAN Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ANT DTA_days Ant_dto_day BM_Calc_tha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BM_t_ha Luzie U Wingen JIC AWNS_0_1 Awns_E_0to1 05 Germination, Radicle emerged from seed CIMMYT STAYGREEN_1_5 StayGreen_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 4 lax to intermediate CIMMYT RLNDmg_E_pct RLESDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LODG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Lodg_E_pct CIMMYT spikelets/spike SPLSPK_num SPLSPK SplN_Ct_SplSpk Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderate to high 6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BTol_E_1to9 BORONTOL_1_9 4 low to medium severe 5 RsecaSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RSECA_00_99__SEV MH medium hard (MH) GMoi_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNH20_pct 4 rolled leaf rim covers part of leaf blade Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafR750R700_M_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StrawCol_E_1to6 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PHPRP_1_8__RESP PherpResp_E_1to8 03 Germination, Imbibition complete SEMOCOL_b_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SemoCol_M_bvalue 20% plant height affected, 60% coverage 26 R red Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmWSC_NIR_pct CIMMYT Awns_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AWNS_0_9 CIMMYT 60% plant height affected, 70% coverage 67 sparse 3 PGRAM_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PgramSdlgResp_E_0to8 90% plant height affected, 10% coverage 91 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTA_Calc_Cday CIMMYT GRNPROT_pct GProt_Kjl_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 shrivelled (SH) Lodg_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LODG_1_9 TANSPOT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TanSpotInc_E_pct CIMMYT 8 moderate to high Susceptible (S) - Moderate pycnidial formation, lesions coalescing considerably. S high 7 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FgramResp_E_0to5 FGRAM_0_5__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRECO_pct__CI PrecoCI_Calc_pct CIMMYT DRD_yyyymmdd DRD DRidge_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 0 no visible infection (0) 17 10% plant height affected, 70% coverage CIMMYT PH_M_cm PH_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI3_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT NWI3_index FLRYELLCLS_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrYellCls_M_1to3 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla InfertSpkN_Ct_SplSpk CIMMYT CIMMYT TN_Ct_Tllrm TNO_tll_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 35 Stem elongation or jointing, 5th node detectable Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EgramInc_E_1to9 CIMMYT EGRAM_1_9__INC 2 intermediate Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT STMRES_s_m StomaRes_M_sm PlntStnd_Ct_PlntPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLNTSTND_pl_plot CIMMYT FROSTDMGP_0_9 FrostDmg_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT soft (S, >55) S CIMMYT FrostDmg_N_T_S_M_V FROSTDMG_1_5__SPK FrostDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HTERE_pct__INC CIMMYT HtereInc_E_pct GNDVI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GNDVI_M_Idx CIMMYT CrmStr_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CRMSTR_1_5 CIMMYT SBMVInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT SBMV_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FmDA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LEAFLNG_cm LeafLng_M_cm heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf tip (Y) Y Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRECO_0_8__SEEDRESP PrecoSdlgResp_E_0to8 11 Seedling development , First leaf unfolded VT very tall (VT) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLRCOL_b_value FlrCol_M_bvalue GThk_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 very low SpkLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SPKLNG_cm HEAD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DAYSHD CIMMYT Hd_dto_day DTH_days DTH SpkDis_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkDis_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT SPKDIS_1_5 moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible MS Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WKill_E_1to5 CIMMYT WKILL_1_5 Tillering, Main shoot and 6 Tillers 26 STRIT_0_5__RESP StritResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass3_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MgrisSev_E_pct 1 very resistant, small uredinia surrounded by necrosis (1) slight (S) 3 2 leaf rim starts to roll Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STMSTRENGTH_1_9 StmStrength_E_1to9 CIMMYT PRI_M_Idx PRI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT TestWt_M_kghl TESTWT_kg_hl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ALUTOL_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlTol_E_1to9 6 medium to high Tillering, Main shoot and 1 Tiller 21 CIMMYT PstriSev_E_0to12 PSTRI_0_12__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafPSSRa_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW100_g Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW_M_g100grn CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Ci_M_umolCO2mol1 8 stem softened with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem 32 Stem elongation or jointing, 2nd node detectable Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GGTRI_pct__INC CIMMYT GgtriInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GFP_calc_day GFILLPERIOD_days Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FoLA_M_Idx CIMMYT FlrProt_Kjl_pct FLRPROT_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkDen_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SPKDEN_1_9 Mat_dto_day CIMMYT DTM Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTM_days DAYSMT MAT SROLF_1_8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SrolfResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT LRollSev_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 80% plant height affected, 40% coverage 84 UtritInc_E_pct UTRIT_pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PNEGLE_pct PnegleDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSpkInc_E_pct CIMMYT FHB_pct__SPKINC CIMMYT InsectDmg_N_T_S_M_V InsectDmg_E_1to5 INSECTDMG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Ripening, Seed not dormant 97 71 Kernel and milk development, Kernel watery ripe (clear liquid) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT STMSIZ _um StomaSiz_M_um tolerant 4 7 70% plants with broken straw 4 30 Stem elongation or jointing, Pseudo stem erection BLS_00_99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BLSSev_E_00to99 FLRCOL_L_value FlrCol_M_Lvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Amber 5 BLKPT_0_9 CIMMYT BlkPtInc_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LODG_0_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Lodg_E_0to5pct LEAFPUBDEN_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafPubDen_E_0to9 CIMMYT GHrd_M_1to4 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HRDCLS_1_4 AwnLng_M_cm AWNLNG _cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TllrGW_M_g CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RUET_Calc_gMJ FvDAFmDA_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RELTMT_1_5 CIMMYT Mat_relat_1to5 RELTMT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BOOT Boot_dto_day DTB DTB_days CIMMYT moderate M FHBDON_M_ppm FHB_ppm__DON Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 40% plant height affected, 80% coverage 48 WI_index WI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHBSplInc_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHB_index__SPLINC CIMMYT Nitrogen use efficiency JIC NUE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen CIMMYT Wsurv_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla light-yellow (b 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StdEst_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Yld_gm2 GRNYLD_g_m2 CIMMYT GY_gm2 GY_Calc_gm2 GrwStg_Zdks_00to99 GRWSTG_00_99 DECODS Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SN_Calc_Spksm2 CIMMYT SNO_spk_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FvLA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 20% plant height affected, 40% coverage 24 80% plant height affected, 30% coverage 83 ISBM_Calc_gm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ISBM_g_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GProt_NIRS_pct GRNPROT_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FE_Calc_Idx CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla T1BL1RS_0_1 CIMMYT T1BL1RS_M_0to1 3 one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 1/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLUB3_text GluB3_M_text GHABIT_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GrwHabit_E_1to5 CIMMYT SEPSP_1_5__RESP SepSpResp_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 4 Clavate STERIND_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SpkSterility_Calc_pct TllrCapacity_E_1to5 TllrCAPACITY_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TCONT_pct TcontInc_E_pct absent 0 AVLG_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AlvG_M_mm APHDMG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AphDmg_E_1to5 33 30% plant height affected, 30% coverage 12 Seedling development , 2 leaves unfolded MR Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PSTRI_pct__SPKSEV PstriSpkSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ArmyWDmg_E_pct ARMDMG_pct CIMMYT PedGlau_E_0to9 PEDGLAU_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass4_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla VL very late (VL) Red 2 CIMMYT FND_date_ymd FNDD FNDD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount4_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTTS_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TSpl_dto_day DTTS SNO_spk_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SN_M_Spksm CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount1_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 46 40% plant height affected, 60% coverage MR-MS Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis DTIB Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT DTIB_days Boot_dtoInit_day LODG_0_9 Lodg_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla VgP_calc_day VEGPERIOD_days CIMMYT GPlump_E_1to3 GRNPLUMP_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 70% anther extrusion 7 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmWSC_M_pct STEMWSC_pct AlvPG_Calc_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ALVPG_index CIMMYT SEMOPROT _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SemoProt_NIRS_pct CIMMYT LeafR750R550_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla INFERTNO_tll_m2 CIMMYT GFILLRATE GFR_Calc_gday Luzie U Wingen JIC 35 30% plant height affected, 50% coverage ISBM_Calc_kgha ISBM_kg_ha Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafPI_M_Idx 4 SPROUTTOL _1_9 SproutTol_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT W white GY_PctChk_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla YLDCHECK_pct CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmWSC_Atrone_pct 81 Dough development, Very early dough (slides when crushed) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT NWI1_M_Idx NWI1_index BYDInc_E_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BYD_pct 0 SLA_M_m2kg1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHBSpkResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHB_0_5__SPKRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PHOTORESPO_1_9 PhotopResp_E_1to9 highly tolerant 5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ISBM_t_ha CIMMYT ISBM_Calc_tha CIMMYT EMERDATE Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla EMERD EMERD_yyyymmdd Emergence date EDATE Emer_date_ymd S susceptible (S), pycnidial density greater than 40% StritSev_E_00to99 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STRIT_00_99__SEV CIMMYT WKill_E_0to9 WKILL_0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 5 100% coverage CIMMYT WMFLRCOL_L_value WMFlrCol_M_Lvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNSCREEN_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GScreen_M_pct ERLVIG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ErlVig_E_1to5 CIMMYT Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AnthExt_E_0to9 H2ODMG _0_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WtrLoggDmg_E_0to9 CIMMYT PstriInc_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PSTRI_1_9 TTIB_Calc_Cday CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 98 Ripening, Secondary dormancy CIMMYT COLDTOL_pct ColdTol_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SEPSP_00_99__SEV SepSpSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RCERE_0_9 RcereInc_E_0to9 MR moderately resistant (MR), average pycnidial density coverage of 15-30% TANSPOT_1_5__ADLTRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TanSpotResp_E_1to5 90% plant height affected, 40% coverage 94 30% plants with broken straw 3 RELTPH_1_5 CIMMYT PH_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 5/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 7 CiCa_M_Idx CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TSPI_M_Idx CIMMYT BirdDmg_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT BirdDmg_E_1to5 BIRDDMG_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLeafLWid_M_mm CIMMYT JIC GPD_Calc_pct Luzie U Wingen moderately susceptible, medium-sized uredinia that may be associated with chlorosis (3) 3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HavenDmg_E_pct HAVEN_pct CIMMYT CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RootRot_E_0to9pct ROOTROT_0_9 very lax to lax 2 MS medium strong (MS) 8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RARSa_index CIMMYT RARSa_M_Idx HI_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT HI_Calc_Idx FolDis_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FOLDIS_1_5 FoliarDis_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GFILLPERIOD_pct GFP_calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RsecaSev_E_pct CIMMYT AwnCol_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 5 10% plant height affected, 90% coverage 19 3 early to normal (E-N) Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis R AlvIe_Calc_pct CIMMYT ALVIe_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 07 Germination, Coleoptile emerged from seed Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PhiCO2_M_Idx tall (T) T Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WKILL_pct WKill_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNSIZE_1_3 GSize_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SIPI_index SIPI_M_Idx 1 hollow RARSc_M_Idx RARSc_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GCol_E_1to3 GRNCOL_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT very sparse 1 BM_M_kgPlot BM_kg_plot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 highly susceptible Luzie U Wingen JIC GRNFibre_pct GFibre_NIRS_pct 2 sparse resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules R moderate (M) 4 GLUA1_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GluA1_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CROPGRWRATE_g_m2_day CIMMYT CropGrwRate_Calc_gm2day RodentDmg_E_pct RODDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT GYPR_Calc_gm2day Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTRIT _pct__INC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TtritInc_E_pct CIMMYT NWI2_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NWI2_index 20% anther extrusion 2 CIMMYT FgramSev_E_00to99 FGRAM_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GVtr_E_1to3 CIMMYT SEDVTR_1_3 9 2 Moderate 33 Stem elongation or jointing, 3rd node detectable Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SaltTol_E_1to9 SALTOL _1_9 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Fs_M_Idx CIMMYT 9 high 8 very good (VG) LeafPubLng_M_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LEAFPUBLNG _um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHBAUDPC_Calc_pct FHB_pct__AUDPC 1 very low CIMMYT CTD_Calc_C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CTD_C Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StrawYld_E_tha 7 dense 3 poor (P) fair (F) 3 GWid_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PgramSev_E_0to12 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PGRAM_0_12__SEV LodgInc_N_T_S_M_V Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LODG_1_5 CIMMYT Lodg_E_1to5 30% plant height affected, 90% coverage 39 STMDIA_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmDia_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PRECO_0_12__SEV PrecoSev_E_0to12 FND DTFND_days Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DTFND FND_dto_day CIMMYT awnletted (short) 3 CPYGM_pct SawflyDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Heading, Emergence of head complete 59 Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf just visible 37 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PLNTSTND_pl_ha PlntStnd_Calc_Plntha CIMMYT SemoProt_Kjl_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEMOPROT _pct 5 intermediate 53 Heading, ¼ of head emerged 2 HRDCLS_1_3 GHrd_M_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 43 40% plant height affected, 30% coverage SGNDmg_E_pct ATRITDMG _pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT leaf has shape of a V 3 LeafThk_M_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LEAFTHK_mm GRNCOL_b_value CIMMYT GCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhordCI_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PHORD_pct__CI NV not vitreous (NV) 20% (7.4% occupied by uredia) 20 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLEAFA _cm2 FLeafA_M_cm2 GFRTT_Calc_gCday GFILLRATE_thermal_time Luzie U Wingen JIC ETR_M_?molm2s1 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 64 60% plant height affected, 40% coverage CIMMYT GHrd_M_1to5 HRDCLS_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SEPSP_pct__INC SepSPInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Mat_relat_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RELTMT_1_6 CIMMYT RELTMT GLMGLAU_0_9 GlmGlau_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SedIdx_M_mlpct SEDINDX_ml_pct CIMMYT 10% coverage 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BlkPtInc_E_pct BLKPT_pct GCol_M_avalue GRNCOL_a_value Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FNIVLB_pct__INC FnivLBInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT none (N) 1 8 80% coverage 4 40% anther extrusion DroughtTol_E_pct CIMMYT DROUGHTTOL_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Ripening, Secondary dormancy lost 99 Ripening, Kernel hard (difficult to divide, 16% water) 91 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HsatiLInc_E_pct HSATIL_pct__INC 80% anther extrusion 8 GLUB1_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GluB1_M_text CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PLOTGRNYLD_kg GY_M_kgPlot ISBM_kg_plot ISBM_M_kgPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TANSPOT_0_5__SEEDRESP TanSpotSdlgResp_E_0to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 10% plant height affected, 20% coverage 12 PrecoInc_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_1_9 CIMMYT GRSA_M_mm2 Luzie U Wingen JIC GsurfA_M_mm2 4 poor to fair (P-F) nearly immune, no uredinia, but hypersensitive necrotic or chlorotic flecks present (,) , 60% plant height affected, 10% coverage 61 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSplInc_Ct_SplInfect CIMMYT FHB_num__SPLINC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla AlvPL_Calc_Idx CIMMYT ALVPL_index R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small lesions GPhos_M_mgkg CIMMYT GRNPHOS_mg_kg Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MIXTYP_1_6 MixTyp_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FHB_1_8__SPKRESP FHBSpkResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT HtereSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLeafLLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TN_Ct_Tllrm2 TNO_tll_m2 CIMMYT Seedling development , 3 leaves unfolded 13 CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount2_pct StomaCond_M_mmolm2s CIMMYT STMCOND_mmol_m2_s Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GYFac_Calc_num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla YLDFAC_num CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass5_pct R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules BM_g_m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BM_Calc_gm2 GLMLNG_mm GlmLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Luzie U Wingen JIC AGBMNitr_M_pct GERM_pct Germ_M_pct GermiTest_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 9 highly tolerant S susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis good to very good (G-VG) 7 Stem elongation or jointing, 4th node detectable 34 WMFlrCol_M_bvalue Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFLRCOL_b_value StrawYld_Calc_tha JIC Luzie U Wingen Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLRSDS_ml FlrSDS_M_ml Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SpkTyp_E_1to6 CIMMYT 4 dense 2 very sparse to sparse 9 very dense very low 2 P purple Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PedPubDen_E_0to9 CIMMYT PEDPBD_0_9 awned (conspicuous) 7 PthornDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PTHORN_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRAINCID_delta GCID_M_delta13C CIMMYT 2 susceptible 60 60 Rosemary Shrestha CIMMYT GrnTllr_Calc_GrnTllr poor (P) 2 low 3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GLMWID_mm GlmWid_M_mm SUPDMG _1_5 SuPDmg_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HgramInc_E_0to9pct CIMMYT HGRAM_0_9 GY_M_gPlnt GRNYLD_g_pl CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRCOL_a_value CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FlrCol_M_avalue STRNUP_Calc_kgha Luzie U Wingen JIC 6 Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing MS Tillering, Main shoot and 3 Tillers 23 0 no damage 2 good (G) MixTq_M_pctmin Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla MIXTQ_pct_min CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLng_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GrnSpl_Calc_GrnSpl GRNSPL_num GRNSPL grains/spikelet Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GRNCOL_L_value CIMMYT GCol_M_Lvalue tolerant 8 UtritInc_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT UTRIT_1_9__INC 70% plant height affected, 90% coverage 79 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBSpkWt_Calc_pct CIMMYT FHB_pct__SPKW FHB_pct__GRNINC Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FHBGInc_E_pct CIMMYT 10% (3.7% occupied by uredia) 10 FLRPROT_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FlrProt_NIRS_pct immune (I), 0 % of infection I VR very resistance R/W red/white Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GlmPubLng_M_um GLMPUBLNG_um CIMMYT 20 Tillering, Main shoot only Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PRECO_0_4__RESP CIMMYT PrecoResp_E_0to4 AgrScr_E_1to5 AGRSCR_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 3 90% coverage 9 I Intermediate (I) - Light pycnidial format ion. Coalescing of lesions normally noticeable towards the leaf tip and elsewhere on the leaf. MATD MATDATE MATD_yyyymmdd Mat_date_ymd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ANTD_yyyymmdd ANTD Ant_date_ymd ANTDATE Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BOOTD Boot_date_ymd BOOTDATE Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BOOTD_yyyymmdd CIMMYT trace (T) 2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla UagroResp_E_1to8 CIMMYT UAGRO_1_8__RESP Flowering or anthesis, Start of flowering 61 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafR675_M_Idx LEAFTNECR _pct CIMMYT LeafTNecro_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GNO_grains_m2 GNO GM2 grains/m2 kernel/m2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla KNO GN_Calc_Grnm2 DRidge_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla DR CIMMYT DTDR DTDR_days fair to good (F-G) 5 30 30% (11.1% occupied by uredia) CIMMYT EGRAM_1_5__INC EgramInc_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StrawStn_E_1to3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 40% plant height affected, 50% coverage 45 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LeafSPI_M_Idx CIMMYT FgramInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FGRAM_pct__INC 4 Purple BMNUE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen JIC CIMMYT AgrScr_E_1to9 AGRSCR_1_9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Amax_M_umolCO2m2s2 CIMMYT STMTHK_um Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla StmWallThk_M_um CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTH_Calc_Cday CIMMYT TN_Ct_TllrPlnt TNO_tll_pl Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GlmPubDen_E_0to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GLMPUBDEN _0_9 CIMMYT SnailDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT SNAILDMG_pct RachLng_M_mm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PhordInc_E_1to9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PHORD_1_9 low damage 3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla WMFlrAsh_E_pct CIMMYT 1 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LeafCID_M_delta13C LEAVESCID_delta 0 No anther extrusion 3 very good (VG) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT AtritResp_E_1to8 ATRIT _1_8__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GW_M_g200grn CIMMYT GW200_g CIMMYT SpkPI_Calc_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla RUE_Calc_gMJ 7 good (G) WMFLRYELPIG_ppm WMFlrYellPig_M_ppm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT heterogeneous, random distribution of variable-sized uredinia on single leaf (X) X CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CookSdF_M_Idx COKSDF_index 3 poor to fair (P-F) VR very resistant (VR), average pycnidial density of 0-5% AlvP_M_mm CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla ALVP_mm LM light moderate 74 70% plant height affected, 40% coverage susceptible S very dense 9 CIMMYT LeafTR_M_mmolH2Om2s1 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GZinc_M_mgkg CIMMYT GRNZINC_mg_kg 15 Seedling development , 5 leaves unfolded intermediate to dense 6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LRollInc_E_pct GLys_M_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 14 10% plant height affected, 40% coverage 90% plant height affected, 70% coverage 97 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GRNCOL_1_5 GCol_E_1to5 Tillering, Main shoot and 4 Tillers 24 CIMMYT Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhiPS2_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm INFERTNO_tll_m 4 low to intermediate Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HesFlyDmg_E_pct CIMMYT HESFDMG _pct very high 8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GY_kgha GRNYLD_kg_ha CIMMYT GY_Calc_kgha Yld_kgha CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GApp_E_0to9 GRNAPP_0_9 PLNTSTND_pl_m Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PlntStnd_Ct_Plntm CIMMYT HEADD Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HEADDATE HEADD_yyyymmdd Hd_date_ymd 50% coverage 5 28 Tillering, Main shoot and 8 Tillers Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT FLeafSen_E_pct FLEAFSEN_pct PRECO_1_8__ADLTRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PrecoResp_E_1to8 40% plant height affected, 90% coverage 49 GHrd_M_pct GRNHRD_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 30 30 intermediate damage 5 semi-hard (SH, 45-50) SH Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HTERE_00_99__SEV CIMMYT HtereSev_E_00to99 STMLNG_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmLng_M_cm Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount6_pct CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ISBM_E_1to5 2 HailDmg_N_T_S_M_V HAILDMG_1_5 HailDmg_E_1to5 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 6 60% coverage FvLAFmLA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 40% plant height affected, 10% coverage 41 CIMMYT NeckBreak_E_pct NBREAK_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT StmCol_E_1to6 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Black 3 10% plant height affected, 60% coverage 16 6 very late (VL) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFLRFN_s WMFlrFN_M_s 30% coverage 3 GSize_ScreenMass2_pct CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla severe 9 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RSOLA_0_9 RsolaInc_E_0to9pct 7 dense 41 Booting, Flag leaf sheath extending STMFRQ StomaFrq_Ct_stomamm2 STMFRQ_num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 50% (18.5% occupied by uredia) 50 CIMMYT GSize_ScreenCount3_pct Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla head prematurely ripened (whitehead) or plant collapsed with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem, or shoot killed as the ear emerges from the sheath with sharp eyespot lesions on the shoot 9 moderately susceptible (MS), average pycnidial density coverage of 30-40% MS PRECO_1_4__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PrecoResp_E_1to4 COLDTOL_1_5 ColdTol_E_1to5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 60% plant height affected, 20% coverage 62 FrostDmg_E_pct CIMMYT FROSTDMGP_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 10% plant height affected, 80% coverage 18 2 Branched 1 20% coverage none 1 4 high Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PgramCI_Calc_pct CIMMYT PGRAM_pct__CI GrwCls_E_1to3 GROWTHCLS_1_3 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT EgramInc_E_0to5 EGRAM_0_5__INC 40 40 2 one or more sharp eyespot lesions on upper (as well as lower) sheaths but no symptoms on the stem soft (S) S Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FLRGluCon_M_pct CIMMYT GLUCON_pct HelSpSev_E_00to99 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HELSP_00_99 CIMMYT moderate 7 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT VgP_calc_pct VEGPERIOD_pct HerbicideDmg_E_1to5 HerbDmg_N_T_S_M_V CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HERBDMG_1_5 CIMMYT PRECO_pct__SEV PrecoSev_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 2 medium 1 1% (0.37% occupied by uredia) TTM_calc_Cday Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 7 GLUD3_text GluD3_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LofVol_M_ml LOFVOL_ml 60% plant height affected, 80% coverage 68 Z Heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf base (Z) RSpkGP_Calc_pct Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible MS 6 1 trace 5 Elliptical 66 60% plant height affected, 60% coverage S Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones BirdDmg_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT BIRDDMG_pct GluTyp_E_1to5 GLUTYP_1_5 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 5 very dense Heading, ½ of head emerged 55 semi-erect (SE) SE DnoxiDmg_E_pct DNOXI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT TSpl_date_ymd CIMMYT TSD TSD_yyyymmdd Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla I immune (0), no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection PSTRI_0_8__SEEDRESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PstriSdlgResp_E_0to8 5 leaf is severely rolled LeafPSSRb_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 100 100% (37% occupied by uredia) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MIXTIM_min MixTim_M_min SH semi-hard (SH, 45-55) Dough development, Soft dough (firm, thumbnail mark not held) 85 BM_g_plot BM_M_gPlot Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 3/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 5 PLNTSTND_pl_m2 PlntStnd_Calc_Plntm2 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT CIMMYT SpkDW_Calc_gm2 Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla very poor (VP) 0 Prostrate (P) P 3 large 93 Ripening, Kernel loosening in daytime Wheat ontology 50% anther extrusion 5 Very susceptible (VS), large, abundant pycnidia, lesions coalescing extensively VS Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla SepSpResp_E_0to5 CIMMYT SEPSP_0_5__RESP Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla LEAFGLAU_0_9 CIMMYT LeafGlau_E_0to9 high to very high damage 8 CT_M_C CT_C CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla very susceptible VS Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT WMFLRCOL_a_value WMFlrCol_M_avalue 50% plant height affected, 20% coverage 52 CIMMYT AphDmg_E_pct APHDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla moderately susceptible 5 Mixed 6 20% plant height affected, 70% coverage 27 SpkGW_M_g Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 very low GRNSPK_num Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT grains/spike GRNSPK GrnSpk_Calc_GrnSpk 4 susceptible to moderately susceptible PSTRI_pct__CI PstriCI_Calc_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 50% plant height affected, 60% coverage 56 2 low 3 JIC NupE_Calc_kgkgN Luzie U Wingen 70% plant height affected, 60% coverage 76 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PrecoNote_E_text PRECO_text 01 Germination, Water uptake (imbibition) started moderately tolerant 7 CIMMYT TindiInc_E_pct TINDI_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PedLng_M_cm CIMMYT PEDLNG _cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 60% coverage 3 S short (S) SR_M_Idx SR_index Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 1 One or more sharp eyespot lesions on lower sheaths but no symptoms on the stem solid 3 P purple CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenMass6_pct Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing MS White 1 3 medium 6 60% anther extrusion NHI_Calc_pct Luzie U Wingen JIC Nitrogen harvest index medium (M) M No symptom of sharp eyespot 0 CIMMYT StritInc_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla STRIT_pct__INC 5 very good (VG) 0 No visible infection on plants highly susceptible 1 PstriSev_E_pct PSTRI_pct__SEV CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 3 strong 5 I immune 80% coverage 4 80% plant height affected, 10% coverage 81 CIMMYT BMPR_Calc_gm2day Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla excellent (E) 9 83 Dough development, Early dough (elastic, dry and shiny) CIMMYT EgramSev_E_00to99 EGRAM_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT LI_M_pct WMFLRSDS_ml WMFlrSDS_M_ml CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 82 80% plant height affected, 20% coverage moderate susceptible MS 17 Seedling development , 7 leaves unfolded white/red W/R 5 medium 69 Flowering or anthesis, Flowering complete TestWt_M_gl TESTWT_g_l Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 2 MR moderately resistant JIC GStarch_NIRS_pct GRNStarch_pct Luzie U Wingen 15 10% plant height affected, 50% coverage 00 no disease Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla TTB_Calc_Cday CIMMYT CIMMYT Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla GSize_ScreenCount5_pct 90% plants with broken straw 9 I intermediate (M), pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis 2 low Stem elongation or jointing, 1st node detectable 31 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT RNDVI_M_Idx RNDVI_index Luzie U Wingen JIC GNUP_Calc_kgha highly susceptible to susceptible 2 77 Kernel and milk development, Late milk (more solids in milk) S susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis 2 very poor to poor (VP-P) 51 50% plant height affected, 10% coverage Ripening, Overripe, straw dead and collapsing 94 Emer_dto_day Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Days to emergence DTE DTE_days Flowering or anthesis, Flowering half complete 65 MR moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas PHORD_0_12__SEV PhordSev_E_0to12 CIMMYT Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla 1 very poor (VP) 92 Ripening, Kernel hard (not dented by thumbnail) one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 2/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 4 high 4 V vitreous (V) spreading (S) S 0 insensitive 20% plant height affected, 90% coverage 29 85 80% plant height affected, 50% coverage 22 Tillering, Main shoot and 2 Tillers Kernel and milk development, Medium milk (milky liquid) 75 Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis R 0 absent R-MR resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) ForgDM_E_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT MS medium soft (MS) 4 10% plant height affected, 10% coverage 11 9 very high damage 5 very severe (V) JIC Nitrogen utilisation efficiency Luzie U Wingen NutE_Calc_kgkgN moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) MS-S MS moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some clorosis possible Imm Immune (Imm) - No pycnidial formation, no symptoms or occasional hypersensitive fleck. 8 good (G) 4 69 60% plant height affected, 90% coverage 70% plant height affected, 10% coverage 71 16 Seedling development , 6 leaves unfolded 22 20% plant height affected, 20% coverage S susceptible (S), 21 to 50 % of infection entity Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT GAmyloPec_M_pct CIMMYT GrndCov_M_pct GRNDCOV_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla Booting, First awns visible 49 late (L) L Mixed 6 PV partly vitreous (PV) fair (F) 4 I immune, no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection (0) NPQI_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla NPQI_index CIMMYT 96 90% plant height affected, 60% coverage Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla PhordSev_E_pct CIMMYT PHORD_pct__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PstriNote_E_text PSTRI_text 45 Booting, Boot swollen 80% plant height affected, 60% coverage 86 2 20% coverage soft (S, >55) S GLUD1_text CIMMYT GluD1_M_text Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla winter W VS very susceptible (VS), > 50 % of infection 8 80% plants with broken straw 20 20 resistant (R), average pycnidial density of 5-15% R Seedling development , 8 leaves unfolded 18 40% plant height affected, 40% coverage 44 2 very low to low 6 good (G) low to intermediate damage 4 mid-strong 2 Germination, Leaf just at coleoptile tip 09 95 90% plant height affected, 50% coverage Ripening, 50% of viable seed germinates 96 R-MR resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR) very lax 1 weak 1 RARSb_index RARSb_M_Idx Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Heading, First spikelet of head visible 51 ColeopLng_M_cm Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT COLEOPLNG _cm Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis MR-MS InsectDmg_E_pct INSECTDMG_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 40 40% (14.8% occupied by uredia) 60% (22.2% occupied by uredia) 60 8 dense to very dense Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT NDVI_M_Idx NDVI_index 2 20% plants with broken straw S Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones Stem elongation or jointing, 6th node detectable 36 R resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules hard (H, <45) H Seedling development , 9 or more leaves unfolded 19 PgramResp_E_1to8 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT PGRAM_1_8__ADLTRESP 10 10 very poor to poor (VP-P) 1 60% plants with broken straw 6 88 80% plant height affected, 80% coverage BSMV_E_0to9pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla BSMV_0_9 CIMMYT MR moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas GYellBer_M_pct YELBER_pct Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 57 50% plant height affected, 70% coverage red R 90 90 98 90% plant height affected, 80% coverage severe 5 29 Tillering, Main shoot and 9 or more Tillers 89 Late hard dough (difficult to dent) moderately resistant (MR), 9 to 11 % of infection MR Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla FvDA_M_Idx CIMMYT Ripening, Seed dormant 95 2 red to brown 1 absent intermediate 3 9 very high 0 awnless 1 none none 1 FmLA_M_Idx Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT R resistant 9 1 unrolled, turgid GrndCov_GS15_pct GRNDCOV_pct__GS15 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT 7 high damage susceptible 3 CIMMYT HSATIL_00_99__SEV Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla HsatiLSev_E_00to99 susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis S 6 intermediate to moderate 8 dense to very dense 6 moderately susceptible to moderately tolerant 2 moderately resistant, small to medium uredinia often surrounded by Chlorosis or necrosis, green island may be surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic border (2) yellow (b>15) 3 poor (P) 2 3 lax 60% plant height affected, 30% coverage 63 normal, similar to local check (N) 4 6 1 white (b<12.5) 87 80% plant height affected, 70% coverage 21 20% plant height affected, 10% coverage 23 20% plant height affected, 30% coverage moderately susceptible (MS), 12 to 20 % of infection MS 8 good to very good (G-VG) Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT ISBM_g_plot ISBM_M_gPlot 54 50% plant height affected, 40% coverage 80 80 80% plant height affected, 90% coverage 89 65 60% plant height affected, 50% coverage E early (E) 70% coverage 7 W weak (W) very early (VE) 1 E erect (E) 50% plant height affected, 50% coverage 55 Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla CIMMYT Shattering_E_pct SHATTERING_pct S Strong (S) 0% (no uredia) 0 Fusiform 1 Seedling development , First leaf emerged 10 very low damage 2 0 No visible affection intermediate to high damage 6 Poor 3 No breakage 1 70% plant height affected, 20% coverage 72 I facultative (intermediate) acronym M moderate (M) 70% (25.9% occupied by uredia) 70 fair to good (F-G) 6 MR Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis 6 intermadiate to dense 5 intermediate No visible affection 0 spring S VE very early (VE) 1 white low to moderate 4 30% plant height affected, 20% coverage 32 80% (29.6% occupied by uredia) 80 very short (VS) VS moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas MR VH very hard (VH) hard (H) H Tillering, Main shoot and 7 Tillers 27 30% anther extrusion 3 SS semi-soft (SS, 51-55) low 3 9 >90% anther extrusion HR Highly Resistant (HR) - No or only occasional isolated pycnidia formed, particularly in older leaf tissue, hypersensitive flecking in younger leaf tissue. 70% plant height affected, 80% coverage 78 73 Kernel and milk development, Early milk (liquid off -white) sparse to intermediate 4 WT weak-tenacious (WT) moderate 5 susceptible (S), large lesions, no necrosis or chlorosis S moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S) MS-S very good (VG) 9 47 Booting, Flag leaf sheath opening 50 50 39 Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible 1 2 40% coverage 1 small 10% anther extrusion 1 T tenacious (T) 36 30% plant height affected, 60% coverage Dough development, Hard dough (thumbnail impression held) 87 99 90% plant height affected, 90% coverage 70% plant height affected, 30% coverage 73 50% plant height affected, 30% coverage 53 3 low 43 Booting, Boot just visibly swollen present 1 5 intermediate 47 40% plant height affected, 70% coverage 90% plant height affected, 20% coverage 92 5 Heading, ¾ of head emerged 57 fair (F) 5 77 70% plant height affected, 70% coverage 5 late (L) resistant (R), 1 to 8 % of infection R W white one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 4/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened 6 50% plant height affected, 90% coverage 59 Good 1 high to very high 8 intermediate 3 attribute Tillering, Main shoot and 5 Tillers 25 14 Seedling development , 4 leaves unfolded 5 50% plants with broken straw 70% plant height affected, 50% coverage 75 semi-spreading (SS) SS 4 40% plants with broken straw Oblong 3 Germination, Dry seed 00 H hard (H, <45) 1 very poor (VP) 70 70 Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence FHBSplInc Spikelet Fusarium head blight (scab) spikelets incidence caused by the agent fusarium spp. Salinity tolerance SaltTol Plant tolerance to soil salinity. Salinity tolerance Plant Ant damage Ant damage AntDmg The plant damage caused by ants. Plant FvLAFmLA measurement Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a light adapted leaf. Plant The wheat seed-gall nematode damage caused by Anguina tritici. Seed gall nematode damage SGNDmg Seed gall nematode damage Area of the flag leaf lamina. Flag leaf Area FLeafA Flag leaf area WKill Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Winter kill damage Winter kill damage Plant b value TanSpotResp Estimation Standard method for scoring tan spot response in adult plants. Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch incidence. StritInc Estimation Length of peduncle. Length Peduncle PedLng Peduncle length Glutenin Glu-B1 composition GluB1 Glutenin Glu-B1 composition Flour High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b1. Leaf Tan spot plant response TanSpotResp Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot plant response index Standard method for worm damage. WormDmg Estimation Standard method for stem solidness. StmSol Estimation Coefficient of infection (CI) calculated by multiplying the severity times a constant for host response: where immune = 0.0, R=0.2, MR =0.4, MS =0.8, and S=1.0. Rust Coefficient of infection Computation Color observation on the outer glume at maturity. Glume GlmCol Glume color Color CiCa Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. SedIdx Measurement Standard method for sedimentation index. Boot DS45 date Estimation Record booting stage (DS45) when 50% of culms present boot swollen. GNUp Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain Grain Nitrogen uptake Nitrogen uptake tiller/m Above ground biomass nitrogen uptake BMNUp Nitrogen uptake Uptake of Nitrogen in the above ground biomass at maturity. Plant PlntVig Estimation Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. GW Measurement NutE Grain Nitrogen utilization efficiency as the grain dry mass in relation to the total amount of Nitrogen in above-ground plant at harvest. Grain Nitrogen utilization efficiency Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency Calculated from yield components sampling. SN Computation Thermal Time from emergence to Heading (GS55). Plant Heading thermal time Heading thermal time TTH Number Infertile tiller InfertTN Infertile tiller number Number of infertile tillers per unit area, sample or plant. % Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. BM Measurement Common bunt (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia species. Common bunt spike incidence Spike Common bunt spike incidence TilSpSpkInc Severity of rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. Rust severity Estimation LeafTNecro Estimation Leaf tip necrosis is observed and rated in percentage. 1-4 HRDCLS scale GReten Measurement Measured as weight by percentage of all matter remaining above a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots. LeafWid Leaf width Leaf Width Width of leaf. BM NIRS Computation Calculated as sum of straw Nitrogen content and grain Nitrogen content according to the biomass partition into straw and grain. Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until emergence (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTH Computation Leaf rolling severity LRollSev Leaf Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Rolling severity Canopy Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b RARSb Rarsb is an estimation of chlorophyll b content. Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b Protein content SemoProt Semolina protein content Protein content in durum wheat semolina. Semolina Double digit Estimation The method was improved by using two digits, representing the vertical disease progress and an estimate of severity. The first digit gives the relative height of the disease using the original 0-9 Saari-Prescott scale as a measure. The second digit shows the disease severity as a percentage but in terms of 0-9. Because it is difficult to evaluate diseases on dead leaves, disease notes should be taken when at least four leaves are still alive and green (soft to mid-dough growth stage). Then visually evaluate the average percentage severity on only those leaves of the uppermost four that are infected. In practice, the percent severity is estimated on an overall score. The following format is used for scoring severity: 10% coverage = 1, 20% coverage = 2, 30% coverage = 3, 40% coverage = 4, 50% coverage = 5, 60% coverage = 6, 70% coverage = 7, 80% coverage = 8, 90% coverage = 9. The score of 10 is not used. PhiPS2 Measurement Standard method for fluorescence measurement. 1-5 GLUTYP scale Image Analysis Screen Mass1 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains greater than 2.8 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Yield Flour yield Flour FlrYld Proportion of flour recovered during milling. 1. A sample of 60 grams or 250 grams of flour is mixed with a salt solution to form a dough. 2. The dough is sheeted, rested and inflated in the Chopin Alveograph, 2. Five 4.5 centimeter circular dough patties are formed and then rested in the alveograph in a temperature-regulated compartment at 25 degrees Celsius for approximately 20 minutes, 3. Each dough patty is tested individually. The alveograph blows air into a dough patty, which expands into a bubble that eventually breaks, 4. The pressure inside the bubble is recorded as a curve on graph paper. The alveograph determines the gluten strength of a dough by measuring the force required to blow and break a bubble of dough. The results include P Value, L Value, and W Value. ALVEOGRAPH determination AACC 54-30 A TanSpotInc Estimation Standard method for tan spot incidence in adult plants. Grain number Number of grains per spike. Grain number per spike Spike GrnSpk 1. A sample of 35 grams of flour on a 14 percent moisture basis is weighed and placed in a mixograph bowl, 2. Water is added to the flour from a buret and the bowl is inserted into the mixograph, 3. The flour and water are mixed together to form a dough, 4. As the dough is mixed, the mixograph records a curve on graph paper. MIXOGRAPH determination AACC 54-40 A STR NIRS Measurement Straw NIR calibrated. All above-ground biomass at any developmental stage and/or at regular intervals from the emergence to physiological maturity. Aboveground biomass In-season ISBM In-season aboveground biomass Plant StmWSC Atrone Measurement Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with chemical method Antrone. Semolina color SemoCol The semolina color. Semolina Color Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. BM Computation Record date of initiation of booting stage when 50% of the culms expected to produce spikes are between DS39 (Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible) and DS41 (Flag leaf sheath extending). Boot DS39 date Estimation Stem rust coefficient of infection Plant Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Stem rust coefficient of infection PgramCI Standard method for grain hardness class. GHrd Measurement SN Measurement It can be easily and non-destructively measured during grain-filling (i.e., before physiological maturity) by counting in a given area or length of row. Standard method for stem color. StmCol Estimation Plant Plant vegetative period Time period between emergence (ds10) and first node detectable (ds31). Vegetative period VgP Leaf spectral reflectance 550 nm Leaf The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R550 nm wavelength. Spectral reflectance LeafR550 1-5 TOL scale Standard method for flag leaf lamina length. FLeafLLng Measurement Spikelet Grain number per spikelet Grain number Number of grains per spikelet. GrnSpl Double digit (00-99) Standard method for leaf glaucousness. LeafGlau Estimation Canopy Canopy structural independent pigment index SIPI Structural independent pigment index uses wavelengths showing the best semi-empirical estimation of the carotenoid chlorophyll a ratio (car:chla ratio), and its formulation minimizes the disrupting effects of leaf surface and mesophyll structure. Structural independent pigment index Calculated from shoots sampled seven days after anthesis and SPI is expressed as a ratio and can be calculated as SPI= (dry weight of spikes at anthesis+7/dry weight of the whole plants (shoots) at anthesis+7). SpkPI Computation Standard method for peduncle glaucousness. PedGlau Estimation s Amount of straw breakage. Straw StrawBreak Straw breakage Breakage The plant damage caused by suni pest (Eurygaster spp., sunn pest, suni bug). SuPDmg Suni pest damage Suni pest damage Plant Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Amax Measurement CCI degree C day FLeafLWid Measurement Standard method for flag leaf lamina width. 1-3 FLRYELLCLS scale Anthesis thermal time Plant Thermal Time from emergence to Anthesis (GS65). TTA Anthesis thermal time NupE Computation Calculated as above ground biomass Nitrogen content divided by soil Nitrogen tiller/plant Record date of terminal spikelet stage (DS25-30 approx.). It is estimated as the date at which the final spikelet can be observed on the forming spike within the stem of the main culm, typically measured on around 3-5 plants per plot. It required a main tiller dissection and an observation of the apex on an optic magnifier. TSpl date Estimation FLeafSen Flag leaf senescence Flag leaf Senescence Flag leaf senescence. Relative spike weight is calculated by dividing spike weight (at maturity) from infected by the non-infected. FHBSpkWt Computation Spike photosynthesis contribution Photosynthetic contribution of the spike (ear) to grain yield. Spike Spike Photosynthesis SpkPho Water index Water index use reflectance at 970 nm as a wavelength sensitive to water content, while reflectance at 900 nm is taken as a reference which is similarly affected by canopy and leaf structures but with null absorption by water. Canopy WI Canopy water index CT Measurement Take measurements at least two times from full ground cover to the end of booting (pre-heading), and at least two times from the end of anthesis to late grainfilling (grain-filling) -with 5-7 days between each measurement to give a reasonably heritable estimate of trait expression. Height Height of plant from ground to top of spike, excluding awns. PH Plant height Plant L value GlmLng Measurement Standard method for glume length. Photochemical reflectance index is correlated with the de-epoxidation stage of the xanthophylls cycle, with zeaxanthin, and with radiation-use efficiency (filella et al., 1996). higher pri values indicate greater efficiency. PRI Canopy Photochemical reflectance index Canopy photochemical reflectance index GLys Measurement Standard method for grain lysine content. 0-9 AWNS scale Amount (weight) of straw. Straw StrawYld Straw yield Yield Standard method for spectral reflectance. Canopy spectral reflectance Measurement Standard method for suni pest damage. SuPDmg Estimation Standard method for Stripe rust incidence. PstriInc Estimation Standard method for glume width. GlmWid Measurement Transfer of electrons during photosynthesis in light saturated leaf. ETR Leaf Leaf electron transport rate Electron transport rate The response of a cultivar or genotype is expressed on a score 1-9, where 1= highly susceptible and 9 = highly tolerant, based on the extent of bronze colored necrosis of leaf tips extending down the leaf margins BTol Estimation Standard method for Septoria species incidence. SepSPInc Estimation TllrCapacity Estimation Standard method for tillering capacity. Specific leaf area Specific leaf area SLA A ratio of the leaf area to dry mass. Leaf TindiInc Estimation Standard method for karnal bunt incidence. Leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Leaf Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Chl Leaf stomatal resistance StomaRes Stomatal resistance Resistance to diffusion of water vapor through a plant stomata. Leaf SGNDmg Estimation Distorted leaves and stems are evident prior to heading. As diseased plants approach maturity, galls are formed in the florets, replacing the kernels. The galls are similar in shape to the seed they replace and are dark brown in color. Large numbers of motile larvae are present within the galls and become active after the galls have been moistened. These nematodes can act as vectors of Clavibacter tritici. Minolta Chroma Meter Test Measurement of flour/whole meal/grain color with the Minolta chromameter, L value represents whiteness, a* value (reddishness) represents red and green colors and b* value (yellowness) represents yellow and blue colors. Using the Minolta Chroma Meter Test: 1. A sample of flour/whole meal/grain is placed on the granular materials attachment and compacted, 2. The Minolta Chroma Meter is inserted into the granular materials attachment, 3. Measurements are taken and recorded, 4.Color results are reported in terms of 3-dimensional color values based on the following rating scale: L* value whiteness: 100 white, 0 black, a* value positive +60 red color, negative values -60 green color, b* value positive +60 yellow color, negative values -60 blue color. Grain yield production rate GYPR Grain Yield production rate Grain yield production rate. Number of days required from sowing to physiological maturity (approx. DS87). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Mat DS87 DT Computation Standard method for FHB spike incidence. FHBSpkInc Estimation Glume pubescence length Glume pubescence length on outer side of sterile glume. Glume GlmPubLng Pubescence length LeafPubLng Leaf pubescent length. Leaf pubescence length Pubescence length Leaf HtereInc Estimation Standard method for net blotch incidence. FlrFN The falling number is defined as the time in seconds required stirring and allowing stirrer to fall a measured distance through a hot aqueous flour or meal gel undergoing liquefaction due to a-amylase activity. Flour falling number Flour Falling number The wheat cyst nematode damage caused by cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae. HavenDmg Cyst nematode damage Root Cyst nematode damage Dough mixograph type Dough MixTyp Mixograph type (mixograph curve) is used for determining the strength of dough. Mixograph type SBMVInc Estimation Standard method for soil borne mosaic virus incidence. Glutenin Glu-D1 composition High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d1. Glutenin Glu-D1 composition Flour GluD1 RepP Computation Calculated as time between double ridge (approx. DS14) and anthesis (DS65) as percentage of crop cycle duration. Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance. HeatTol Estimation Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. PrecoNote Leaf Leaf rust notes Leaf rust notes Capacity of a seedling or plant to grow vegetatively in early stages of development. Early vigour ErlVig Plant early vigour Plant Standard method for awnedness. Awns Estimation 1-3 SIZE scale Standard method for glume pubescence length. GlmPubLng Measurement GProt Content of protein (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain protein content Protein content Grain Plant tolerance to aluminum. Aluminum tolerance Plant AlTol Aluminum tolerance MixTim Mixograph mixing time Dough Mixograph mixing time Dough Time required for the dough development from beginning of mixing flour and water to the dough reaches maximum consistency (peak). Awn color AwnCol Awn Color Awn color. Number of days from sowing to initiation of booting (DS39-DS41). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Boot DS39 DT Computation High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a1. Glutenin Glu-A1 composition GluA1 Glutenin Glu-A1 composition Flour Stomata size. Stomatal size StomaSiz Leaf stomatal size Leaf 1-5 TANSPOT field response scale Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to leaf/stem/stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the following scale: 0-No visible infection. R-Resistant, necrotic areas with or without small pustules. MR-Moderately Resistant, small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas. M-Intermediate, pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis. MS-Moderately Susceptible, medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible. S-Susceptible, large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis. Adult plants rust field response Estimation Asat Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light. Leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis Leaf Light-saturated net photosynthesis Flag smut disease response in the plants caused by the agent Urocystic agropyri causing flag smut disease. Flag smut plant response UagroResp Flag smut plant response Plant RcereInc Plant Sharp eyespot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia cerealis. Sharp eyespot incidence Sharp eyespot incidence Standard method for ground cover at 5 leaves stage. GrndCov Measurement (GS15) Spikelet number SplN Number of spikelets per spike. Number Spikelet Stripe rust seedling response Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the seedlings caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Seedling PstriSdlgResp Stripe rust seedling response g/MJ infertile tiller/m Phase period where the spike growth the most regarding the whole crop cycle and can be calculated as (anthesis date-initiation of booting date)/days to maturity *100. RSpkGP Computation Leaf LeafR750R700 Spectral reflectance The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R550 nm wavelength. Leaf spectral reflectance 750/550 nm StmDia Measurement Standard method for stem diameter. GApp Estimation Standard method for grain appearance. Crop ground cover GrndCov Crop ground cover, or the percentage of soil surface covered by plant foliage. Ground cover Plant Plant Barley yellow dwarf incidence Wheat yellow dwarf incidence in the plants caused by the agent wheat yellow dwarf virus. Barley yellow dwarf incidence BYDInc Spike shattering Spike Shattering Observation of grains dehiscence from spike at maturity. Shattering 1-5 scoring scale Standard method for Septoria species response. SepSpResp Estimation HgramInc Estimation Standard method for Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence. Plant PgramNote Stem rust notes Stem rust notes Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. TSPI True stem partitioning index True stem partitioning index True stem partitioning index. Stem Stem outer diameter. Stem diameter Diameter StmDia Stem Image Analysis Screen Count2 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.8 ? 2.5 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. 1-8 rust field response scale Stem length Length of stem. Stem Length StmLng Septoria tritici blotch plant response Septoria tritici blotch plant response Septoria tritici blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Plant StritResp Awns Presence Standard method for awn presence estimation. Standard method for grain amylopectin content. GAmyloPec Measurement Stem rust plant response Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. PgramResp Stem rust plant response Plant Leaf Powdery mildew severity EgramSev Powdery mildew severity in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Powdery mildew severity SDS-PAGE electrophoresis 1. Extract storage proteins (glutenins/gliadins) from wheat grain, 2. Separate glutenins from gliadins, 3. Run proteins extracts in polyacrylamide gels, 4. Stain the gel and de-stain, 5. Identify the allele for each locus. GPlump Plumpness The degree of endosperm filling. Grain Grain plumpness Leaf rust severity Leaf rust (brown rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. PrecoSev Leaf Leaf rust severity Ant DS65 DT Computation Number of days required from sowing to when 50% of spikes have flowered (DS65). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. µm Leaf area index LAI Plant Leaf area index It is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies and defined as the leaf area per unit ground surface area. t/ha Standard method for glume pubescence density. GlmPubDen Estimation Grain protein deviation Deviation from the grain yield -grain protein linear regression. GPD Grain Protein Deviation Plant Standard method for eye spot field response. PherpResp Estimation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until terminal spikelet(thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTTS Computation WMFlrYellPig Measurement Standard method for whole meal flour yellow pigment. It is the extensibility index of the dough. (p200/p)*100, p200: pressure (p) at 4 cm (l= 40mm) of the curve. Dough Dough alveograph extensibility index AlvIe Alveograph extensibility index Heat tolerance HeatTol Heat tolerance Plant tolerance to heat conditions. Plant StrawStn Estimation Standard method for straw strength. Gstarch Content of starch (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain starch content Grain Starch content FrostDmg Estimation Score the damage caused by frost per plot. 1-3 GRNCOL scale Glume width Width GlmWid Width of glume. Glume GrwCls Estimation Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat Grain Fusarium head blight DON content FHBDON Content of deoxynivalenol or don (vomitoxin) that is often associated with fhb (fusarium spp.) infected grains. Fusarium head blight DON content Standard method for wheat bacterial leaf blight severity. BLBSev Estimation yyyymmdd Leaf area of flag leaf or all laminas is measured. Then the leaves are oven dried at 60-70oC for 48h and the dry weight is recorded. Then, the specific leaf area is calculated as the ratio of leaf area to dry mass SLA= leaf area/dry mass. SLA Measurement Stripe rust notes Stripe rust notes Leaf PstriNote Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. TilSpSpkInc Estimation Common bunt incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b3. Glutenin Glu-B3 composition Glutenin Glu-B3 composition Flour GluB3 NPQI Canopy Normalized pheophytinization index can be used to detect chlorophyll degradation. Normalized pheophytinization index Canopy normalized pheophytinization index Barley leaf rust severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Leaf Barley leaf rust severity Barley leaf rust severity PhordSev Plant DnoxiDmg Russian wheat aphid damage The plant damage caused by Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxis. Russian wheat aphid damage RachLng Measurement Standard method for rachis length. Threshability (ease to thresh) is a score where several spike-related traits such as rachis fragility (brittle or non-brittle rachis) and glume tenacity (hulled or free-threshing). Threshability Threshblty Spike threshability Spike 0-9 DAMAGE scale 0-1 absent-present TanSpotSdlgResp Seedling Tan spot seedling response Tan spot seedling response Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. LeafPSSRb Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Dough Alveograph P/G AlvPG Dough alveograph P/G It is the p/g ratio. Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia laevis (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). Spike Tilletia laevis bunt incidence TlaevInc Tilletia laevis bunt incidence Leaf Net photosynthesis rate Anet Carbon fixation by photosynthesis. Leaf net photosynthesis rate HesFlyDmg Estimation Standard method for hessian fly damage. WMFlrAsh Estimation Standard method for ash content in whole meal flour. Standard method for leaf width. LeafWid Measurement TanSpotSdlgResp Estimation Standard method for scoring tan spot response in seedlings. Count the number of infertile tillers. InfertTN Counting Armyworm damage The plant damage caused by armyworm. Plant ArmyWDmg Armyworm damage Standard method for whole grain thickness. GThk Measurement Septoria tritici blotch incidence Septoria tritici blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Septoria tritici blotch incidence Plant StritInc 1-5 density scale Calculate grain yield of an entry as percentage over a local check. GY Relative to check Computation Black point incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of grain with black point symptoms. BlkPtInc Estimation WMFlrFN Falling number Whole meal flour Indication of the amount of sprout damage that has occurred within a wheat sample. falling number value of 350 seconds or longer indicates a low enzyme activity and very sound wheat quality. as the amount of enzyme activity increases, the falling number decreases. Values below 200 seconds indicate high levels of enzyme activity. Whole meal flour falling number NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement Leaf HsatiLInc Spot blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (helminthosporium sativum). Spot blotch incidence Spot blotch incidence Mat DS87 date Estimation Record date of physiological maturity (approx. DS87). It is estimated as when the grain reaches the maximum dry weight and the grain becomes viable. It is most easily determined in-field when 50% of the peduncles are ripe (i.e., yellow). FHBSplInc Counting Standard method for FHB infected spikelets counting. Peduncle NeckBreak Neck break Observation of spike break from the base of head. Peduncle neck break VgP Computation Calculated as time between emergence (DS10) and first node detectable (DS31) as percentage of crop cycle duration. kg/ha Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in spikes caused by the agent fusarium spp. Spike Fusarium head blight spike incidence Fusarium head blight spike incidence FHBSpkInc Leaf Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriCI Stripe rust coefficient of infection Stripe rust coefficient of infection Dough alveograph value W AlvW Dough Dough strength by alveograph. W value is the area under the curve. it is a combination of dough strength (p value) and extensibility (l value). Alveograph value W Plant population or plant density. PlntStnd Plant Stand Plant stand 0-12 Modified Cobb Scale Leaf Barley leaf rust incidence PhordInc Barley leaf rust incidence Barley leaf rust incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. The plant damage caused by sawfly, Cephus cinctus. Sawfly damage SawflyDmg Sawfly damage Plant Standard method for spectral reflectance. LeafPSSRa Measurement Standard method for armyworm damage. ArmyWDmg Estimation Number of days from sowing to double ridge (DS14-15 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. DR DT Computation Content of zinc in grain. GZinc Grain Zinc content Zinc content Grain Agronomic score Rating of overall agronomic attributes and health of plants. Plant AgrScr Phenotypic acceptability Anther extrusion Extrusion of anthers. Anther extrusion AnthExt Anther Tiller Grain number per tiller Number of grains per tiller. GRATIL Grain number Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence Barley helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence in the plants caused by the agent Drechslera graminea (helminthosporium gramineum). Leaf Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence HgramInc Standard method for grain phosphorus content. GPhos Measurement Leaf Ci Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration. Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Anet Measurement Grain surface area Surface area GsurfA Grain Surface of whole grain. 1. A 10-gram sample of flour or ground wheat is weighed and placed into the glutomatic washing chamber on top of the polyester screen, 2. The sample is mixed and washed with a 2 percent salt solution for 5 minutes, 3. The wet gluten is removed from the washing chamber, placed in the centrifuge holder, and centrifuged, 4. The residue retained on top of the screen and through the screen is weighed. FLRGluCon Measurement Grain number Number Grain GN Number of grains expressed as per unit area or sample. Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the straw at harvest. STRNUp Computation NHI Computation Calculated as total grain Nitrogen divided by the total biomass Nitrogen. 0-5 percentage scale Sprouting tolerance SproutTol Sprouting tolerance Tolerance of grain to sprout when in the spike. Grain Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R675. Leaf R675 Measurement 1-3 STDEST scale Yellow berry incidence Grain yellow berry incidence GYellBer Refers to grains showing chalky or starchy endosperm areas. Grain mm Textile treatment is used to inhibit photosynthesis of the spikes through shading(comparison between control and treated spikes). Randomly selected spikes (for example: 12 spikes) per plot are covered with a special designed textile 10 days after anthesis under irrigation and drought or 10 days after heading under heat environments. Then, at physiological maturity the spikes are harvested together with 12 control spikes and the number of grains and weight are recorded and compared the treated spikes with the control ones (Sanchez-Bragado et al., 2016). SpkPho Computation Calculated as grain yield per unit of Nitrogen taken up. Nute Computation HailDmg Plant Hail damage Plant damage caused by hail. Hail damage TTIB Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until initiation of booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. StrawBreak Estimation Standard method for straw breakage. GNitr Whole-grain Nitrogen content. Grain Grain Nitrogen content Nitrogen content BMNUE Computation Calculated as the above ground biomass divided by the total soil Nitrogen. GSize Grain size. Grain Grain size Size Plant Terminal spikelet thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Terminal Spikelet (GS30). TTTS Terminal spikelet thermal time Powdery mildew incidence Powdery mildew incidence EgramInc Powdery mildew incidence in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici. Leaf GY Computation Use formulae to calculate grain yield in g/m2 Physiological maturity thermal time Physiological maturity thermal time Thermal Time from emergence to Physiological Maturity (GS87). TTM Plant StomaCond Leaf stomatal conductance Leaf Rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide through the stomata. Stomatal conductance Awns Spike awnedness Spike Awnedness Observation of awn type whether awnless/awnletted (short awns)/awned (conspicious awns). Image Analysis Screen Mass3 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.5 mm - 2.2 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Dwarf bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia controversa. TcontInc Dwarf bunt incidence Dwarf bunt incidence Spike WKill Estimation Observe winterkill of plants per plot and rate it. Leaf rust coefficient of infection PrecoCI Leaf rust coefficient of infection Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf GluA3 Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a3. Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Glutenin Glu-A3 composition Flour ForgDM Estimation Standard method for forage dry matter. Leaf R750/R550 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/R550. Normalized difference vegetation index RNDVI Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Canopy Canopy red normalized difference vegetation index plant/m2 Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia tritici (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt). TtritInc Tilletia tritici bunt incidence Tilletia tritici bunt incidence Spike LeafTR Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. StrawYld Estimation Standard method for straw yield. True Stem Coefficient = True stem DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of true stem is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. TSPI Computation kg/kg N Grain Grain vitreousness GVtr One of the key quality parameters in the determination of durum quality referring to translucent or glass-like appearance when seeds are transversely sectioned and observed whether not vitreous/partly vitreous/vitreous. it is associated with high protein and hard grain. Vitreousness Observe the tendency of flowering according day-length PhotopResp Estimation Grain Yield Amount (weight) of grains that was harvested. GY Grain yield G stands for the square root of the volume of air in the bubble that was possible before the bubble burst. shows how flexible the dough was during the test. Dough Dough alveograph value G Alveograph value G AlvG SDS-sedimentation determination A small sample of flour or ground wheat (1.0 grams) is weighed and placed in 25-milliliter glass-stoppered graduated cylinder. This is mixed with different solutions for some minutes and then rested. Finally, the volume of the sediment is recorded after 21 minutes. Whole meal flour yellow pigment content Whole meal flour yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Yellow pigment content WMFlrYellPig Whole meal flour Flag leaf lamina width Width of flag leaf lamina. Width FLeafLWid Flag leaf lamina ml/% FE Computation Spike fertility index. Dry weight of 20 randomly selected spikes at anthesis. Fruiting Efficiency= number of grains at maturity / spike dry matter at anthesis. Fusarium graminearum incidence Fusarium graminearum incidence Spike Fusarium graminearum incidence in the plants. FgramInc Calculate number of plant per area. PlntStnd Computation 1-6 MIXTYP scale Spike length Length of spike. Spike Length SpkLng Grain Retention proportion GReten Grain retention Proportion of big grain remaining above the sieve. Standard method for yellow berry incidence. GYellBer Measurement Nitrogen harvest index NHI The fraction of Nitrogen recovered in the harvested grain as a function of the total Nitrogen taken up. Plant Nitrogen harvest index Rhizoctonia root rot incidence Rhizoctonia root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia solani. RsolaInc Rhizoctonia root rot incidence Plant spike/m2 Leaf rust seedling response Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. PrecoSdlgResp Seedling Leaf rust seedling response Image Analysis Screen Mass5 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.0 mm - 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. FoLA Measurement Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. ColdTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at temperature lower than the optimum temperature and rate the tolerance. For agronomic score observe visually detectable signs of factors limiting yields and rate. AgrScr Estimation Normalized water index 2 Canopy normalized water index 2 Canopy Normalized water index 2 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). NWI2 Thermal Time from emergence to Initiation of Booting (GS41). Plant Booting initiation thermal time Initiation of Booting thermal time TTIB stoma/mm2 Grain moisture content Moisture content of grain. Moisture content GMoi Grain Glume glaucousness Glaucousness GlmGlau Glume Glaucousness in glume. Semolina yellow pigment content Semolina yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. Yellow pigment content Semolina SemoYellPig FND DS31 date Estimation Record date of first node detectable (DS31). It is easier to determine in the field than DS30. It is estimated in-field as the day at which the first node can be detected at approximately 1 cm above the tillering node. The observation is performed in the main tiller. Lodg Estimation Estimate of the area lodged in the sampled plot. SpkDen Estimation Standard method for spike density. Standard method for stomatal resistance. StomaRes Measurement Mat Maturity time Maturity time Maturity time starts at hard dough stage (ds87) often called physiological maturity. Plant StmWallThk Measurement Standard method for stem wall thickness. Steady-state fluorescence Fs Leaf Leaf steady-state fluorescence The fluorescence emitting during steady state. 1-3 STRAWStrength Drought tolerance Plant tolerance to drought conditions. DroughtTol Drought tolerance Plant GFRTT Computation Calculated grain weight increase per degree day with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Black point incidence BlkPtInc Black point incidence Grain Black point incidence in the plants caused by the fungal species such as Helminthosporium sativum (Cochliobolus sativus), Alternaria alternata and fusarium spp. also black point symptoms are associated to physiological disorders. Standard method for aphid damage. AphDmg Estimation µmol CO2/mol Flour Flour color Color FlrCol Flour color. Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results NeckBreak Estimation Standard method for neck break. Plant GrwStg Growth stage Growth/developmental stages based on Zadoks decimal code. Growth stage Count or calculate the number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per lineal meter, per plant or per square meter. TN Counting Rapid spike growth period RSpkGP Canopy Grain Filling duration Rapid spike growth period. Fusarium leaf blotch incidence Fusarium leaf blotch incidence Plant FnivLBInc Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). GPD Computation Calculated as the deviation from the yield-protein linear regression. Standard method for crumb structure. CrmStr Estimation Severity of rust in spike is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. PstriSpkSev Estimation Plant Septoria nodorum blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Stagonospora nodorum (syn. Septoria glume blotch) (Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude (syn. Stagonospora nodorum). SnodoInc Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Septoria nodorum blotch incidence Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. GFP pct Computation g/day AcdTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a low pH (acid) soil field and rate the tolerance. Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. PnegleDmg Estimation LofVol Loaf volume Bread Bread loaf volume Baking quality of flour describing bread loaf volume. Spike type SpkTyp Shape characteristics of typical mature spikes. Type Spike Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. ISBM Computation SR Canopy simple ratio Canopy Simple ratio A vegetation index related with canopy structure, light absorption and photosynthetic capacity. BMNUE Plant Nitrogen Use Efficiency Above ground biomass nitrogen efficiency The above ground biomass production per total Nitrogen available to a plant. RachLng Length Rachis length Length of rachis. Rachis %/min Gluten type is determined based on gluten properties data (flour protein content, Alveograph W, Alveograph P/L) following Peña 2011: Wheat End-use Quality types. GluTyp Estimation grain/spikelet Fusarium graminearum severity in the plants. FgramSev Spike Fusarium graminearum severity Fusarium graminearum severity Hd DS55 relative Estimation Assessment of heading (DS55) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. ISBM Estimation Standard method for In-season aboveground biomass. Standard method for take all incidence. GgtriInc Estimation Stem rust seedling response Stem rust seedling response Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Seedling PgramSdlgResp Leaf length Leaf Length LeafLng Length of leaf. Establish Measurement of plant emergence and vigor in the field. Plant StdEst Stand establishment PrecoInc Estimation Standard method for leaf rust incidence. AlvPL Alveograph P/L Ratio of tenacity (p, maximum pressure required for the deformation of the sample) and extensibility (l, length of the curve) of dough. Dough Dough alveograph P/L cm2 Above ground biomass nitrogen content Nitrogen content BMNitr Nitrogen content of the above ground biomass. Plant Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. RLNDmg Estimation Southern blight response in the plants caused by the agent Corticum rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii). SrolfResp Southern blight plant response Plant Southern blight plant response Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FmLA Measurement Foliar disease development Leaf The plant damage caused by foliar diseases. Foliar disease development FolDis StmWSC Measurement Sampling for water soluble carbohydrate is often combined with in-season biomass sampling and partitioning. Ensure to plan sampling approach carefully to allow for maximal data collection/economy of sampling (e.g., data on partitioning weights can be collected on the same 20 culm sample). The leaf lamina and/or leaf sheath may also be analyzed for WSC separately, or not removed from the stem for ?whole stem? analysis. Lab analysis is performed by NIR or wet chemical method. Leaf SepSPInc Septoria blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Septoria blotch incidence Septoria blotch incidence Leaf LeafR750R700 Leaf spectral reflectance 750/700 nm Spectral reflectance The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R700 nm wavelength. grain/m2 Standard method for stomatal conductance. StomaCond Measurement LRollInc Estimation Standard method for leaf rolling incidence. Standard method for Fusarium graminearum response. FgramResp Estimation FoDA Measurement Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. NIRS Measurement Zadoks or decimal code (00-99) Aphid damage AphDmg The plant damage caused by various species of aphids. Aphid damage Plant GYPR Computation Calculated with grain yield obtained /days to maturity. g/plant Rodent damage RodentDmg The plant damage caused by rodent. Rodent damage Plant Standard method for sterility index computation. SpkSterility Computation Plant GFRTT Grain fill rate thermal time Grain fill rate thermal time Grain weight increase per degree day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Observe threshability by hand threshing of one or two spikes and rate it according how easily grains are separated from the rachis and glumes using 1 (hard to thresh) to 9 (easy to thresh) scale. Threshblty Estimation The plant damage caused by spike diseases. SpkDis Spike Spike disease development Spike disease development infertile tiller/m2 LeafThk Leaf Measurement of leaf thickness. Thickness Leaf thickness 0-9 RCERE scale StomaSiz Measurement Standard method for stomatal size. Canopy Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a Rarsa is an estimation of chlorophyll a content. RARSa Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a g/m2 Lodg Lodging incidence Lodging incidence Plant Indicates incidence of lodged plants. 1-5 incidence scale µmol CO2/m2/s Grain weight Weight Grain GW Grain weight usually expressed as weight of single, one hundred, two hundred or thousand grains. Calculated daily grain weight increase between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration. GFR Computation GApp Grain Appearance Grain appearance Appearance of a single grain. Eyespot plant response Eyespot plant response PherpResp Plant Eye spot response in the plants caused by the fungal species Tapesia yallundae (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoide w-type) and Tapesia acuformis (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides r-type). Symptoms: the eye shape elliptical lesions forms on lower base of stem and lower leaf sheath. The eyespots are straw yellow in color from the middle and are surrounded by the greenish brown to dark brown rings. ml Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.0 ? 1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count5 FnivLBSev Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) severity in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale). Plant Fusarium leaf blotch severity Fusarium leaf blotch severity Canopy Canopy green normalized difference vegetation index GNDVI Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. Normalized difference vegetation index Grain screenings GScreen Screenings proportion Proportion of small grain passing through a sieve. Grain Standard method for barley yellow dwarf incidence. BYDInc Estimation Fruiting efficiency Fruiting efficiency FE The final outcome of the floret developmental rates (determining the number of floret primordia that reach the stage of fertile florets at anthesis) and the proportion of grain set per fertile floret (the opposite to grain abortion), per unit of spike weight. Spike Leaf Leaf transpiration rate Leaf transpiration rate. Leaf transpiration rate LeafTR FHBAUDPC Computation Calculate area under disease progress curve. Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust spike severity Spike PstriSpkSev Stripe rust spike severity SpkGW Spike Grain weight Grain weight per spike. Grain weight per spike PhiCO2 Measurement Standard method for gas exchange measurement. spikelet Standard method for loose smut incidence. UtritInc Estimation day FLeafLLng Length of flag leaf lamina. Length Flag leaf lamina length Flag leaf lamina Standard method for whole grain length. GLng Measurement Common root rot incidence Common root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agents Cochliobolus sativus, fusarium spp., and Pythium species. RootRot Common root rot incidence Plant Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.2 mm - 2.0 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass4 Spot blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (Helminthosporium sativum). Spot blotch severity Spot blotch severity Leaf HsatiLSev Spike Spike sterility index SpkSterility Sterility Spike sterility observed as infertile florets. PhordInc Estimation Standard method for Barley leaf rust incidence. Leaf Bacterial leaf streak severity Bacterial leaf streak severity in the plants caused by the agent Xanthomonas translucens. The disease, called black chaff when on the glumes. Bacterial leaf streak severity BLSSev Standard method for Septoria nodorum blotch incidence SnodoInc Estimation Modified cobb scale for severity Severity of leaf/stem/stripe rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. ppm Net blotch incidence HtereInc Net blotch incidence Leaf Net blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (helminthosporium teres). GrndCov Measurement High throughput approaches to measuring ground cover are: visual assessment or digital analysis of photographs Notes taken in the field. Note Estimation Standard method for common root rot incidence. RootRot Estimation FlrProt Total protein content (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in refined flour. Flour protein content Protein content Flour Plant GgtriInc Take all incidence Take-all incidence in the plants caused by the agent Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt). Take all incidence SawflyDmg Estimation Standard method for sawfly damage. Plant Booting time is just prior to spike emergence, when the flag leaf sheath encloses the growing spike. Boot Booting time Booting time Plant photoperiod response Photoperiod response PhotopResp Extent to which long days hasten flowering. Plant TestWt Test weight or specific weight is the weight of a fixed volume of clean grains. Grain Grain test weight Test weight Septoria blotch plant response Septoria blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Septoria blotch plant response Leaf SepSpResp Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. RUE Computation g/1000 grain GrnSpl Computation Sample as for spikelets per spike randomly select 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the spikelets, thresh, count grains, and calculate, or less accurately simply calculate from calculated grains per spike and measured spikelet number. Biomass production Crop growth rate CGR Plant It is the rate of dry matter production per unit area. Standard method for peduncle length. PedLng Measurement 1-5 LRoll scale Nitrogen uptake efficiency Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency N-uptake efficiency as the total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground plant at harvest in relation to the available Nitrogen in soil. BMNUpE Plant g/l 0-9 percentage scale 0-4 PRECO scale 1-9 incidence scale Variable fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. FvLA Measurement spikelet/spike delta 13C Field response McNEAL Estimation Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the MCNEAL scale. 1-5 DMG scale NIR calibrated NIRS Starch Measurement Tilletia tritici incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TtritInc Estimation FHBSpkResp Spike Fusarium head blight spike response Fusarium head blight (scab) spike response caused by the agent fusarium spp. Fusarium head blight spike response First node detectable time is when the stem starts the elongation or jointing period, first node becomes visible as it appears above the soil surface. First node detectable time Plant FND First node detectable time Plant Barley scald severity Barley scald severity Barley scald severity in the plants caused by the agent Rhynchosporium secalis. RsecaSev Number Spike Spike number SN Number of spikes (fertile culms) per unit area, sample or plant. Standard method for ant damage. AntDmg Estimation GIron Measurement Standard method for grain iron content. CT Temperature Canopy The surface temperature of the canopy is related to the amount of transpiration resulting in evaporative cooling. Canopy temperature Canopy The amount of biomass produced per unit of intercepted solar radiation. Radiation use efficiency Radiation Use Efficiency RUE_T Standard spike dry weight method. SpkDW Computation 1-9 SPKDEN scale BirdDmg Estimation Standard method for bird damage. Plant Vigour Plant vigour Capacity of the plant to grow. PlntVig Grain Content of fibre (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples. Grain fibre content Gfibre Fibre content FHBDON Measurement Standard method for content of deoxynivalenol or DON (vomitoxin) that is often associated with FHB (Fusarium spp.) infected grains. Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio. Leaf Leaf intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio CiCa Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio Standard method for herbicide damage. HerbicideDmg Estimation Both the total number of spikelets and the number of fertile spikelets (i.e., those containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. When sampling large numbers of samples or plots, time may be saved by randomly counting one side of the spike and multiplying by two. SplN Counting The plant damage caused by root diseases. Root disease development Root disease development RootDis Root RcereInc Estimation Main shoots are assessed for sharp eyespot disease. Wheat blast severity in the spikes caused by the agent Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: It can infect all above-ground parts of the wheat plant, but head blast, resembling Fusarium head blight in appearance, is the most common symptom in the field. Infected spikes become bleached and produce small shriveled seed or none at all. MgrisSev Wheat blast severity Spike Wheat blast severity Image Analysis Screen Count4 Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.2 ? 2.0 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Fusarium head blight grain incidence Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Grain Fusarium head blight grain incidence FHBGInc Canopy Temperature depression CTD Difference between ambient temperature and canopy temperature. Canopy temperature depression plant/ha node 1-9 general scale The plant damage caused by snails. Snail damage Snail damage Plant SnailDmg 1-4 PRECO scale 1-5 HRDCLS scale Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at the field presenting soil salinity and rate the tolerance. SaltTol Estimation Mat DS87 relative Estimation Assessment of physiological maturity (approx. DS87) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. FoLA Leaf minimal fluorescence intensity Minimal fluorescence intensity Leaf Minimal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Rarsc is an estimation of carotenoid content. Canopy RARSc Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid LAI Computation LAI can be determined directly by taking a sample of canopy from a plant canopy, measuring the leaf area per sample plot with an area meter or image scanner and dividing it by the plot land surface area. Indirect methods use ceptometer to measure canopy geometry or light extinction and relate it to LAI. (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2). Double ridge time Double ridge time Plant Double ridge time is just when apex changes from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. DRidge 0-5 incidence scale Leaf Stomatal frequency StomaFrq Number of stomata counted per unit area on the leaf surface. Leaf stomatal frequency Leaf LeafPI Leaf lamina partitioning index. Lamina partitioning index Leaf lamina partitioning index Standard method for screening grain size distribution >2.8 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R)machine. Image Analysis Screen Count1 plant/m NIRS Measurement NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results. Plant Growth habit GrwHabit Plant growth habit The growth habit of the plant whether erect/semi-erect/semi-spreading/spreading/prostrate. Spike SpkPI Partitioning index Spike partitioning index Spike partitioning index. 1-9 TOL scale GluTyp Gluten type Flour Flour gluten type Gluten type whether weak-tenacious/tenacious/weak/medium strong/strong. DR date Estimation Record date of double ridge stage (DS14-15 approx.). Double ridge signifies that the plant?s main growing point will produce no more primordial leaves, and instead will produce primordial spikelets of the young spike. The dissection and observation of the main tiller apex on an optic magnifier is required. Record date of anthesis (DS65) when 50% of spikes have flowered (i.e. at least 1 anther dehisced). Ant DS65 date Estimation Canopy normalized difference vegetation index Canopy NDVI Normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size. PstriSev Leaf Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust severity Stripe rust severity Count the total number of grains per tiller. GrnTllr Computation Barley leaf rust incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. Leaf Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection PhordCI Standard method for rhizoctonia root rot incidence. RsolaInc Estimation ColeopLng Length of coleoptile (a protective sheath that surrounds the shoot tip and the embryonic leaves of the young shoot of grasses). Coleoptile Length Coleoptile length Standard method for leaf pubescence length. LeafPubLng Measurement Bacterial leaf blight severity BLBSev Bacterial leaf blight severity Leaf Wheat bacterial leaf blight severity in the plants caused by the agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. symptoms: small (less than 0.04 inches) water-soaked lesions expand and eventually coalesce. initial lesions become necrotic and turn from gray-green to tan-white. Entire leaves may become necrotic, but heads and glumes are typically symptomless. TanSpotSev Leaf Tan spot severity Tan spot severity Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Pratylenchus thornei damage The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei. PthornDmg Root Pratylenchus thornei damage Cold tolerance Cold tolerance Plant tolerance to lower temperatures than the optimum. Plant ColdTol Stem Solidness StmSol Solidness of stem. Stem solidness Leaf Sheath Coefficient = Leaf Sheath DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf sheath is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. LeafSPI Computation 0-9 density scale Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PstriResp Stripe rust plant response Leaf Stripe rust plant response Standard method for spike type. SpkTyp Estimation 0-8 Rust infection type Thickness of whole grain. GThk Grain thickness Grain Thickness Aboveground biomass at maturity Plant All above-ground biomass at maturity. Aboveground biomass at maturity BM StmStrength Estimation Standard method for stem strength. Standard method for anther extrusion. AnthExt Estimation A physiological phenomenon caused by hot, dry and windy weather. the whole tip of the flag leaf tends to be necrotic and will often fold over. leaf tip necrosis progresses from the margins of the flag leaf tip and lower leaves as well show some signs of it. leaf tip necrosis is observed to some extent in all wheat varieties containing the leaf rust gene resistance gene lr34. Leaf tip necrosis incidence Leaf Tip necrosis LeafTNecro mm2 FLRGluCon Content of wet gluten in flour. Flour gluten content Gluten content Flour LeafPSSRb Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll b Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Chlorophyll content Leaf Spike Fusarium head blight AUDPC FHBAUDPC Fusarium head blight AUDPC Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. Tiller Grain weight Grain weight per tiller. Grain weight per tiller GWTTILL Spike dry weight Spike dry weight Dry weight of spike(s). Spike SpkDW GlmGlau Estimation Standard method for glume glaucousness. StayGreen Estimation Stay-green assessment is conducted through the growing season, starting with the onset of the senescence of the specific organ to be evaluated. Straw Nitrogen content Nitrogen content STRNitr Straw Nitrogen content of the above ground straw biomass. Plant AcdTol Plant tolerance to acid soil. Acid soil tolerance Acid soil tolerance SepSpSev Septoria blotch severity Septoria blotch severity Septoria blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species. Leaf STRNUp Straw Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole above ground straw. Straw Nitrogen uptake Nitrogen uptake The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R675 nm wavelength. Spectral reflectance Leaf spectral reflectance 675 nm Leaf LeafR675 GNDVI Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. Standard method for node number. NodeN Counting BSMV Estimation Standard method for barley stripe mosaic virus incidence. Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the grain at harvest. GNUp Computation Grain carbon isotope discrimination Grain carbon isotope discrimination at maturity from drought trials provides genotypic effects most likely to be related to transpiration rate or an integrative measurement of stomatal conductance. Grain GCID Carbon isotope discrimination Stem strength Strength of the culm. StmStrength Stem Strength Number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per unit area, sample or plant. Tiller TN Tiller number Tiller number GScreen Measurement Measured as weight by percentage of all matter passing through a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots Fusarium graminearum plant response Fusarium graminearum plant response Fusarium graminearum response in the plants. Spike FgramResp Wsurv Winter survival Ability to survive or withstand cold temperatures in the late fall, winter, or early spring. Plant Winter survival g/m2/day NIRS Fibre Measurement NIR calibrated Calculated as the grain yield divided by the total soil Nitrogen. NUE Computation degree C Straw Strength Straw strength StrawStn Strength of straw. kg/hl Terminal spikelet time Terminal spikelet time is when the last spikelet, the terminal spikelet, has been produced. Terminal spikelet time TSpl Plant Grain amylopectin content Amylopectin content Content of amylopectin in grain. GAmyloPec Grain Standard method for russian wheat aphid damage. DnoxiDmg Estimation Observation of hybrid necrosis. Hybrid necrosis incidence Plant HNecro Plant hybrid necrosis incidence 1-6 COLOR scale BMNUte Computation Calculated as biomass per unit of Nitrogen taken up. Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. GFPTT Computation InsectDmg Estimation Standard method for insect damage. EgramInc Estimation Standard method for powdery mildew incidence. Waterlogging damage Waterlogging damage WtrLoggDmg Plant Plants killed as a result of winter conditions. Tilletia laevis incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row. TlaevInc Estimation Spike Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. FHBSpkWt Fusarium head blight spike weight Fusarium head blight spike weight PrecoInc Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. Leaf rust incidence Leaf rust incidence Leaf 0-5 Septoria Response scale Plant tolerance to high levels of soil boron. Boron tolerance Boron tolerance Plant BTol Standard method for awn length. AwnLng Measurement g 1-5 Phenological relative scale Translocation 1BL/1RS The 1bl/1rs translocation in wheat resulted from replacing the short arm of the chromosome 1b of wheat by the short arm of the chromosome 1r of rye (Secale cereale l.). Translocation 1BL/1RS T1BL1RS Absence/Presence GY Measurement The weight of the grain harvested is registered on a scale, decide which method suit better for your objectives. In breeding trials, a sample area (rather than the whole plot) is generally used for estimating yield. Discard borders when combine harvest for a better estimation of yield. Standard method for semolina yellow pigment. SemoYellPig Measurement AtritResp Estimation Standard method for Alternaria leaf blight field response. 15).]]> FlrYellCls Measurement Variable fluorescence measured in the leaf. Leaf variable fluorescence Variable fluorescence FvLA Leaf Hessian fly damage Plant Hessian fly damage The plant damage caused by hessian fly, Maytiola destructor. HesFlyDmg Standard method for awn color. AwnCol Estimation Hd DS55 date Estimation Record date of heading (DS55) when 50% of the spike is emerged (i.e., middle of the spike at the flag leaf ligule) on 50% of all stems. Leaf maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry Leaf FvLAFmLA Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured in the leaf. Maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry Growth class Growth class GrwCls Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat. Plant LeafPubDen Leaf hairiness density. Leaf pubescence density Leaf Pubescence density HelSpSev Plant Helminthosporium species severity The disease severity in the plants caused by the agent Helminthosporium species. Helminthosporium species severity Score a relative plant height to local check using 1-5 scale where 3 is used for the local check (1 = short, 5 = tall). Assessment of plant height compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment. PH Estimation 0-9 GRNAPP scale Soil borne mosaic incidence in the plants caused by the agent soilborne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv) which is vectored by Plasmodiophorid polymyxa graminis. Soil borne mosaic incidence Soil borne mosaic incidence Leaf SBMVInc Standard method for leaf rolling severity. LRollSev Estimation Standard method for screening grain size distribution <1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count6 Observe the growth stage or development stage (DS) of wheat plants using the Zadoks scale decimal code, based on 10 major stages, with each stage divided into sub-stages. GrwStg Zadoks Estimation Standard method for leaf pubescence density. LeafPubDen Estimation Flour Flour SDS sedimentation index Sedimentation index Is the result of dividing sedimentation volume by flour protein content. SedIdx Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B. Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II Quantum yield of photosystem II Leaf PhiPS2 Quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII. Standard method for spike shattering. Shattering Estimation NWI1 Normalized water index 1 Canopy Canopy normalized water index 1 Normalized water index 1 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). 1-3 GROWTHCLS scale 0-9 AnthExt GLng Length of whole grain. Length Grain length Grain Glutenin Glu-D3 composition Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d3. GluD3 Flour Glutenin Glu-D3 composition Glaucousness in peduncle. PedGlau Glaucousness Peduncle Peduncle glaucousness Biomass production rate Biomass production rate. Production per day BMPR Biomass Standard method for straw color. StrawCol Estimation 1-9 scoring scale grain/spike CID determination Proceed following the protocol for sampling of grains or leaves for CID in Chapter 6 in Pask et al., 2012. Mass spectrometers generate differential values of stable carbon isotope composition (?13C), expressed negative values in parts per thousand (?) (Farquhar et al., 1989): ?13C (?) = [(Rsample/Rstandard)?1] × 1000. Where: the ratio of heavy to light isotope (R = 13C/12C) for the sample is in comparison to Peedee Belemnite (PDB) carbonate (limestone) standard. Following Farquhar et al. (1989) ? rather than using carbon isotope composition values (?13C), positive values for CID (?13C) can be calculated for easier statistical analysis as: ?13C = [(?a-?p)]/[1 + (?p/1000)] CropGrwRate Computation Standard method for crop growth rate. Length Awn length Awn length. Awn AwnLng GVtr Estimation Standard method for seed vitreousness. 1-6 SPKTYPE scale variable_of P value is the force required to blow the bubble of dough. it is indicated by the maximum height of the curve. AlvP Dough Dough alveograph value P Alveograph value P GSize Estimation Visual observation of grains size. Alternaria leaf blight response in the plants caused by the agent Alternaria triticina. AtritResp Leaf Alternaria leaf blight plant response Alternaria leaf blight plant response Grain fill rate GFR Grain weight increase per day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Grain fill rate Plant Grain Iron content GIron Iron content Content of iron in grain. Grain Asat Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Glume hairiness density on outer side of sterile glume. GlmPubDen Glume Pubescence density Glume pubescence density CookSdF Cookie spread factor Spread factor The ratio between average height and width of cookies. Cookie HailDmg Estimation Score the damage caused by hail. SpkDis Estimation Standard method for spike disease development. Grain hardness Grain GHrd Hardness Grain hardness is used as a grading factor to determine the type of wheat. It is a key determinant for classification of wheat and end product quality. FHBSpkResp Estimation Standard method for FHB spike response. Infertile spike number Number Number of infertile spikelet per spike. InfertSpkN Spike text LofVol Measurement Standard method for loaf volume. RUET Computation Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. The number of infertile spikelets (i.e., those NOT containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. InfertSpkN Counting 1-5 GRNCOL scale Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. Seedling rust field response Estimation GCol Estimation Standard method for grain color. Light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light and CO2. Amax Leaf light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis Leaf SnailDmg Estimation Standard method for snail damage. cm FolDis Estimation Standard method for foliar disease development. 1-3 GRNPLUMP scale PedPubDen Estimation Standard method for peduncle pubescence density. Color StrawCol Straw color Color of straw. Straw ?mol/m2/s Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered. Seedling rust field response Estimation Root Root lesion nematode damage Root lesion nematode damage RLNDmg The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. Net blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (Helminthosporium teres). Leaf Net blotch severity HtereSev Net blotch severity Glume Length Glume length GlmLng Length of glume. Record date of when 50% of seedlings have emerged (DS10). Emer DS10 date Estimation Septoria tritici blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally. Septoria tritici blotch severity StritSev Plant Septoria tritici blotch severity CrmStr The cellular structure of wheat bread crumb. Bread crumb structure Bread Structure GFP Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87). Plant Grain filling period Grain filling period ForgDM Forage dry matter Forage dry matter Plant Forage dry matter. Leaf rust plant response Leaf Leaf rust plant response Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. PrecoResp 1-6 Phenological relative scale LI Canopy light interception Canopy Light energy intercepted by the canopy. Light interception Testing of whole-meal flour quality by SDS-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. WMFlrSDS Whole meal flour SDS-sedimentation volume Whole meal flour SDS sedimentation Flour Flour yellowness Yellowness FlrYellCls Flour yellowness. Whole meal flour color WMFlrCol The whole meal flour color. Color Whole meal flour Emer Emergence time is when the first leaf appears above the soil surface. Emergence time Plant Emergence time Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.5 ? 2.2 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Count3 Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until physiological maturity (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTM Computation Wsurv Estimation Standard method for winter survival. Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it. ErlVig Estimation kg/plot PlntStnd Counting Counting the number of plant per area or row. 1-3 STMSOL scale FvDAFmLA measurement Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a dark adapted leaf. joules Cereal cyst nematodes are more readily detected on seedlings than on adult plants. The roots of infested plants develop frequent branches and swellings (cysts). HavenDmg Estimation min AlvL L value is the extensibility of the dough before the bubble breaks. it is indicated by the length of the curve. Alveograph value L Dough Dough alveograph value L 1-3 HRDCLS scale Score the damage caused by waterlogging WtrLoggDmg Estimation Yield factor. GYFac Grain yield factor Grain Yield factor mmol H2O/m2/s Number of days required from sowing to spike emergence from the flag leaf (DS55). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Hd DS55 days Computation g/plot Plant Worm damage WormDmg The plant damage caused by worms. Worm damage s/m HNecro Estimation Some forms of spotting and necrosis result from chromosomal instability or genetic aberrations, these disorders are known as hybrid necrosis. Affected plants show differing degrees of necrosis, often associated with stunting or dwarf clumping. Hybrid necrosis usually is observed in early generation material, and affected progeny are eliminated AlTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a soil presenting aluminum toxicity and rate the tolerance. DroughtTol Estimation Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under droughted condition and rate the tolerance. PedPubDen Peduncle hairiness density. Peduncle pubescence density Pubescence density Peduncle Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration. GFP days Computation GMoi Estimation Moisture content is determined by drying a grain wheat sample in an air oven and comparing the weight of the sample before and after heating. The amount of weight loss is the moisture content. Moisture content results are expressed as a percentage. Standard method for leaf rust response. PrecoResp Estimation Stay green Ability of the plant to remain/maintain green leaves, stems and spikes at the time of senescing. Canopy Canopy stay green StayGreen Chl Measurement The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ?chlorophyll concentration index? (CCI, ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on the flag leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles. a value Leaf Leaves carbon isotope discrimination can be measured in the leaves during early canopy development in well irrigated trials, in which case genotypic effects will be related mainly to transpiration efficiency. LeafCID Carbon isotope discrimination Leaf carbon isotope discrimination GWid Measurement Standard method for whole grain width. Standard method for coleoptile length. ColeopLng Measurement Phosphorous content Grain Grain phosphorous content Content of phosphorus in grain. GPhos LRollInc Rolling incidence Leaf Leaf rolling incidence Incidence of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress. Standard method for southern blight response. SrolfResp Estimation Node number Stem Node number NodeN Number of nodes in the main stem. Spike Loose smut incidence Loose smut incidence UtritInc Loose smut incidence in the plants caused by ustilago tritici. Insect damage The plant damage caused by insects. Insect damage InsectDmg Plant Standard method for wheat blast severity. MgrisSev Estimation StdEst Estimation Standard method for standard establishment. Standard method for root disease development. RootDis Estimation Observe the tendency of grain to sprout when in the spike and rate the tolerance. SproutTol Estimation grains/tiller Leaf PstriInc Stripe rust incidence Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Stripe rust incidence Standard method for barley scald blight severity. RsecaSev Estimation FnivLBInc Estimation Standard method for Fusarium leaf blotch incidence. Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that are below 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Image Analysis Screen Mass6 1-8 generic disease field response scale Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. ETR Measurement Measurement of the light intercepted by the canopy using a ceptometer as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. LI Computation BirdDmg Plant Bird damage The plant damage caused by birds. Bird damage g/degree C day StritResp Estimation Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch response. StmWSC NIR Measurement Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with NIRs. The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus. PnegleDmg Pratylenchus neglectus damage Pratylenchus neglectus damage Root Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87) in thermal time. GFPTT Plant Grain filling period thermal time Grain filling period thermal time Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FmDA Measurement Ash content Ash content in flour. Whole meal flour ash content WMFlrAsh Whole meal flour 0-5 FHB field response scale Standard method for yield factor GYFac Computation Laboratory seed test for germination should be carried out before seeding to calculate seeding rates or determine the status of storage seed. The percentage of seeds capable of producing normal seedlings under ordinarily favorable conditions (not including seeds which produce weak, malformed, or obviously abnormal sprouts), determined by methods ISTA seed testing protocols. Germ Measurement Reproductive period Reproductive period RepP Time between double ridge (approx. ds14) and anthesis (ds65). Plant Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. TTB Computation Grain Nitrogen Use Efficiency Nitrogen use efficiency The grain dry mass (grain yield) production per Nitrogen available to a plant. NUE Leaf FmDL Maximal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf. Leaf maximal fluorescence intensity Maximal fluorescence intensity Variable fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf. FvDA Measurement Calculated as difference between biomass and grain yield. StrawYield_Computation Dough Dough mixograph torque Mixograph torque It is the torque measured during the mixograph test. MixTq NWI4 Canopy Normalized water index 4 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Normalized water index 4 Canopy normalized water index 4 method_of g/100 grain TSpl DT Computation Number of days from sowing to terminal spikelet (DS25-30 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. HI Computation Harvest index is expressed in percentage and can be calculated as Harvest index (%) = (Grain yield/Biomass)*100. Leaf Quantum yield of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation. Leaf quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation PhiCO2 Quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation Fusarium wilt incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium oxysporum. Fusarium wilt incidence Plant FoxiWilt Fusarium wilt incidence Standard method for grain plumpness. GPlump Estimation Stem rust severity Stem rust (black rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. Plant PgramSev Stem rust severity Standard method for flag leaf area. FLeafA Measurement TTB Thermal Time from emergence to Booting (GS45). Plant Booting thermal time Booting thermal time 1-5 RELTPH scale Standard method for grain zinc content. GZinc Measurement SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis (1BL1RS) Detect in the SDS-PAGE gel the presence of some protein bands from rye chromosome translocation. ISBM Measurement Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. 1-9 PHOTORESP scale Standard method for leaf length. LeafLng Measurement Barley stripe mosaic incidence Barley stripe mosaic incidence in the plants caused by barley stripe mosaic virus. Barley stripe mosaic incidence Plant BSMV Standard method for stomatal frequency. StomaFrq Counting 0-9 scoring scale m Leaf Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin. Tan spot incidence TanSpotInc Tan spot incidence mg/kg 1-3 GLMCOL scale Proportion of seed that germinate under proper condition. Grain germination Germ Germination Grain Plant HI Biomass partitioning to grain Harvest index A ratio of grain yield to total above ground biomass. Standard method for leaf thickness. LeafThk Measurement Frost damage Plant Frost damage Plant damage caused by frost. FrostDmg plant/plot Standard method for test weight. AACC 55-10 or SeedCount management procedure CGR Computation It is measured during rapid spike growth phase. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Then, CRG is the production of biomass per day between initiation of booting and seven days after anthesis. Calculated as (Biomass 7DAA/m2 - Biomass InB/m2)/Days from InB to 7DAA. 1-5 Septoria response scale Rate using a scale from 0 (0% senescence) to 10 (100% senescence) using the guide, in increments of 10%. FLeafSen Estimation LeafSPI Leaf sheath partitioning index Leaf Leaf sheath partitioning index. Sheath partitioning index PH Measurement Measure the length of individual culms from soil surface to the tip of the spike (do not include awn) and record to the nearest centimeter. (Average of 4-10 plants/culms per plot). Leaf R550 Measurement Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R550. Grain number (GNO) as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. GNO determines the sink size of the crop and under many conditions it is strongly correlated with yield. Grains/m2 (GNO) = yield (g/m2) / TGW (g) × 1000. GN Computation Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Ci Computation Grain color. GCol Grain color Grain Color Calculated as the index (ratio) of infected spikelets over total number of spikelets by Calonectria nivalis (Fusarium nivale, F. graminearum) causing scab disease in spike. FHBSplInc Computation 0-9 Mc Neal scale GrnSpk Computation The number of grains per spike can be measured independently by threshing a known number of randomly selected spikes per plot (10-20 spikes per plot) or can be calculated as: Grains per spike (GSP) = grains m2 / spikes m2. Plant Biomass Nitrogen utilization efficiency Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency Biomass Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency as the biomass in relation to the total amount of N in above-ground plant at harvest. BMNUtE 1-9 STRAWBREAK scale LeafPI Computation Leaf Lamina Coefficient = Lamina DM measured at7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf lamina is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. FgramSev Estimation Standard method for Fusarium graminearum severity. FHBGInc Estimation Standard method for FHB grain incidence. spike/m Stem wall thickness Stem Stem wall thickness. Wall thickness StmWallThk Density Spike density Spike SpkDen Density or compactness of a wheat spike. 1-5 GHABIT scale Karnal bunt incidence Spike TindiInc Karnal bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia indica (syn. Neovossia indica). Karnal bunt incidence num Observe the growth habit of wheat plants during tillering stages and rate whether erect/semi-erect/prostrate/semi-spreading/spreading GrwHabit Estimation TcontInc Estimation Standard method for dwarf bunt incidence. Calculated with final biomass obtained /days to maturity. BMPR Computation SpkGW Measurement Dry grains at 70oC and weigh. mmol/m2/s Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll a LeafPSSRa Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-a. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. Chlorophyll content Leaf Standard method for canopy temperature depression. CTD Computation LeafGlau Leaf Glaucousness Glaucousness in leaf. Leaf glaucousness StmWSC Water soluble carbohydrate content Stem Water soluble carbohydrates accumulate up to and around anthesis and are partitioned to the stem, from where they are later available as a reservoir for remobilization to the developing grains. These reserves are an important source of carbon for grain filling. Stem water soluble carbohydrate Image Analysis Screen Mass2 Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.8 mm - 2.5 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. Flour SDS sedimentation volume FlrSDS Testing of refined flour quality by sds-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality. Flour SDS sedimentation CookSdF Measurement Standard method for cookie spread factor. TTA Computation Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until anthesis (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2. Stem Color StmCol Stem color Color of the stems. FoxiWilt Estimation Standard method for Fusarium wilt incidence. Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/700. Leaf R750/R700 Measurement An tillering capacity. Tillering capacity Plant Tillering capacity TllrCapacity 1. A 7-gram sample of ground wheat or flour is weighed and combined with 25 milliliter of distilled water in a glass falling number tube with a stirrer and shaken to form a slurry. When grinding a wheat sample to perform a falling number test, it should be at least 300 grams to assure a representative sample, 2. As the slurry is heated in a boiling water bath at 100° Centigrade and stirred constantly, the starch gelatinizes and forms a thick paste, 3. The time it takes the stirrer to drop through the paste is recorded as the falling number value. FlrFN Measurement Canopy normalized water index 3 Normalized water index 3 Normalized water index 3 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). Canopy NWI3 Fs Measurement Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. Standard method for flour yield. FlrYld Measurement Grain width Width of whole grain. Width GWid Grain Heading time Hd Plant Heading time Heading time extends from the time of emergence of the tip of the spike from the flag leaf sheath to when the spike has completely emerged but has not yet started to flower. 1-3 SEDVTR scale TllrGW Measurement The weight of the grain taken per tiller. Emer DS10 days Computation Number of days from sowing to the seedling emergence (DS10). tiller/m2 Boot DS45 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to booting stage (DS45). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. Lysine content of the kernel/grain. Lysine content GLys Grain Grain lysine content Standard method for flag smut field response. UagroResp Estimation g/200 grain Standard method for Fusarium graminearum incidence. FgramInc Estimation Anthesis or flowering time is the period during which a flower is fully open and functional. pollination and fertilization occur during this period. Anthesis time Ant Plant Anthesis time 0-5 TANSPOT field response scale HsatiLInc Estimation Standard method for Spot blotch incidence. SpkLng Measurement Measured in centimeters from the base of the spike to the tip excluding the awns (average of 6-10 random spikes in plot). HtereSev Estimation Standard method for net blotch severity. Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground biomass at harvest. BMNUp Computation RNDVI Measurement Standard method for spectral reflectance. FND DS31 DT Computation Number of days from sowing to first node detectable. However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. RodentDmg Estimation Standard method for rodent damage. PthornDmg Estimation Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic. GSurfA_Measurement Marvin method for whole surface area. WMFlrFN Measurement Standard method for whole meal flour falling number. GlmCol Estimation Standard method for glume color. Standard method for stem length. StmLng Measurement scale_of Herbicide damage Plant HerbicideDmg Plant damage caused by herbicide. Herbicide damage