4
GrwStg_Zdks_00to99
GRWSTG_00_99
DECODS
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
70% plant height affected, 20% coverage
72
GZinc_M_mgkg
GRNZINC_mg_kg
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
VgP_calc_day
VEGPERIOD_days
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GY_PctChk_pct
YLDCHECK_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
very high
8
LeafPubDen_E_0to9
LEAFPUBDEN_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GAmyloPec_M_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Hd_relat_1to5
RELTHD_1_5
RELTHD
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SpkGW_M_g
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafR550_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GSize_ScreenMass5_pct
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SpkDis_E_1to5
SPKDIS_1_5
SpkDis_N_T_S_M_V
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
unrolled, turgid
1
BLBSev_E_00to99
BLB_00_99__SEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Germination, Leaf just at coleoptile tip
09
GCol_M_Lvalue
GRNCOL_L_value
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PhordSev_E_pct
PHORD_pct__SEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FvDAFmDA_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GScreen_M_pct
GRNSCREEN_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
vitreous (V)
V
70% plant height affected, 80% coverage
78
90% plant height affected, 20% coverage
92
RUE_Calc_gMJ
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GSize_ScreenCount1_pct
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
4
low
3
LeafTNecro_E_pct
LEAFTNECR _pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
60% plant height affected, 60% coverage
66
LeafGlau_E_0to9
LEAFGLAU_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AlvP_M_mm
ALVP_mm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TSpl_dto_day
DTTS_days
DTTS
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HsatiLInc_E_pct
HSATIL_pct__INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CTD_Calc_C
CTD_C
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TN_Ct_TllrPlnt
TNO_tll_pl
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PstriCI_Calc_pct
PSTRI_pct__CI
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FnivLBInc_E_pct
FNIVLB_pct__INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PrecoResp_E_0to4
PRECO_0_4__RESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Chl_M_CCI
CHL_CCI
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GluA3_M_text
GLUA3_text
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GSize_ScreenMass2_pct
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HailDmg_E_1to5
HAILDMG_1_5
HailDmg_N_T_S_M_V
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GVtr_E_1to3
SEDVTR_1_3
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Mat_date_ymd
MATD_yyyymmdd
MATD
MATDATE
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RepP_Calc_pct
REPPERIOD_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GW_M_g1000grn
TGW
TKW
THOUWT
TGW_g
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
30% plant height affected, 90% coverage
39
WMFlrSDS_M_ml
WMFLRSDS_ml
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StmWSC_NIR_pct
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PlntStnd_Ct_PlntPlot
PLNTSTND_pl_plot
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PrecoResp_E_1to4
PRECO_1_4__RESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas
MR
RLNDmg_E_pct
RLESDMG_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PlntStnd_Ct_Plntm
PLNTSTND_pl_m
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
low
3
SemoProt_NIRS_pct
SEMOPROT _pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SaltTol_E_1to9
SALTOL _1_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PhotopResp_E_1to9
PHOTORESPO_1_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
T1BL1RS_M_0to1
T1BL1RS_0_1
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
80% plant height affected, 40% coverage
84
GgtriInc_E_1to5
GGTRI_1_5_INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
MgrisSev_E_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RSpkGP_Calc_pct
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
UtritInc_E_1to9
UTRIT_1_9__INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
medium to high
6
TestWt_M_kghl
TESTWT_kg_hl
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StdEst_E_1to3
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
NHI_Calc_pct
Nitrogen harvest index
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
StmWSC_Atrone_pct
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
80% plant height affected, 70% coverage
87
soft (S, >55)
S
Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis
MR
Booting, First awns visible
49
late (L)
L
fair (F)
4
Boot_dto_day
DTB_days
DTB
BOOT
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GYFac_Calc_num
YLDFAC_num
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GSize_ScreenMass1_pct
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PgramSdlgResp_E_0to8
PGRAM_0_8__SEEDRESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafWid_M_mm
LEAFWID_mm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Kernel and milk development, Late milk (more solids in milk)
77
StrawYld_E_tha
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GSize_ScreenCount4_pct
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Elliptical
5
StrawBreak_E_1to9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GFP_calc_day
GFILLPERIOD_days
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SuPDmg_E_1to5
SUPDMG _1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FND_dto_day
DTFND_days
DTFND
FND
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GCID_M_delta13C
GRAINCID_delta
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafSPI_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
70% plant height affected, 90% coverage
79
LeafTR_M_mmolH2Om2s1
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
MixTim_M_min
MIXTIM_min
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GsurfA_M_mm2
GRSA_M_mm2
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
RootDis_E_1to5
ROOTDIS_1_5
RootDis_N_T_S_M_V
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
InsectDmg_E_pct
INSECTDMG_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
medium (M)
M
NutE_Calc_kgkgN
Nitrogen utilisation efficiency
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
severe
9
GW_M_g200grn
GW200_g
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StomaRes_M_sm
STMRES_s_m
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PRI_M_Idx
PRI_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AlvPG_Calc_Idx
ALVPG_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
facultative (intermediate)
I
PhiCO2_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
10% anther extrusion
1
dense
4
TanSpotSdlgResp_E_0to5
TANSPOT_0_5__SEEDRESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FrostDmg_E_pct
FROSTDMGP_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GY_Calc_kgha
Yld_kgha
GY_kgha
GRNYLD_kg_ha
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TllrGW_M_g
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha
very lax to lax
2
GY_Calc_gm2
Yld_gm2
GY_gm2
GRNYLD_g_m2
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AlvG_M_mm
AVLG_mm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HtereInc_E_pct
HTERE_pct__INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GlmPubDen_E_0to9
GLMPUBDEN _0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SIPI_M_Idx
SIPI_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PstriSdlgResp_E_0to8
PSTRI_0_8__SEEDRESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PrecoSev_E_pct
PRECO_pct__SEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ForgDM_E_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AphDmg_E_pct
APHDMG_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TllrCapacity_E_1to5
TllrCAPACITY_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TSpl_date_ymd
TSD_yyyymmdd
TSD
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PthornDmg_E_pct
PTHORN_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Shattering_E_pct
SHATTERING_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HI_Calc_pct
HI_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LRollInc_E_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SproutTol_E_1to9
SPROUTTOL _1_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
UagroResp_E_1to8
UAGRO_1_8__RESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StayGreen_E_1to5
STAYGREEN_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StmCol_E_1to6
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FrostDmg_E_1to5
FROSTDMG_1_5__SPK
FrostDmg_N_T_S_M_V
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GStarch_NIRS_pct
GRNStarch_pct
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
StomaCond_M_mmolm2s
STMCOND_mmol_m2_s
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FlrProt_Kjl_pct
FLRPROT_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Boot_date_ymd
BOOTD_yyyymmdd
BOOTD
BOOTDATE
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
very hard (VH)
VH
FHBSpkInc_E_pct
FHB_pct__SPKINC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AwnCol_E_1to6
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
EgramInc_E_1to9
EGRAM_1_9__INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PstriResp_E_0to9
PSTRI_0_9__RESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ColdTol_E_pct
COLDTOL_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StmLng_M_cm
STMLNG_cm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
no visible infection (0)
0
70% anther extrusion
7
early (E)
E
trace
1
Ripening, Seed dormant
95
mid-strong
2
80% plant height affected, 80% coverage
88
Lodg_E_1to9
LODG_1_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HgramInc_E_0to9pct
HGRAM_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GrnSpl_Calc_GrnSpl
GRNSPL
grains/spikelet
GRNSPL_num
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RARSb_M_Idx
RARSb_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
high
7
TindiInc_E_pct
TINDI_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
EgramInc_E_pct
EGRAM_pct__INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ISBM_Calc_tha
ISBM_t_ha
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
medium
3
one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 1/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened
3
one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 4/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened
6
FND_date_ymd
FNDD_yyyymmdd
FNDD
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
WtrLoggDmg_E_0to9
H2ODMG _0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Kernel and milk development, Early milk (liquid off -white)
73
FgramResp_E_0to5
FGRAM_0_5__RESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BM_Calc_gm2
BM_g_m2
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TTIB_Calc_Cday
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GNDVI_M_Idx
GNDVI_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GSize_ScreenCount3_pct
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BM_M_gPlnt
BM_g_pl
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Anet_M_umolCO2m2s2
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Ant_dto_day
DTA_days
DAYSAN
ANT
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Flowering or anthesis, Flowering complete
69
HtereSev_E_00to99
HTERE_00_99__SEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Ripening, Kernel hard (difficult to divide, 16% water)
91
strong
3
CookSdF_M_Idx
COKSDF_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FgramSev_E_00to99
FGRAM_00_99__SEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
medium
5
StomaFrq_Ct_stomamm2
STMFRQ_num
STMFRQ
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Wsurv_E_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GProt_NIRS_pct
GRNPROT_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PstriSev_E_pct
PSTRI_pct__SEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis
MR-MS
medium soft (MS)
MS
Clavate
4
GProt_Kjl_pct
GRNPROT_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
NUE_Calc_kgkgN
Nitrogen use efficiency
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
GSize_E_1to3
GRNSIZE_1_3
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StmSol_E_1to3
STMSOL_1_3
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TTM_calc_Cday
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SpkDW_Calc_gm2
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StmStrength_E_1to9
STMSTRENGTH_1_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
leaf has shape of a V
3
FoDA_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AnthExt_E_pct
CIMMYT
Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
20% plant height affected, 60% coverage
26
HsatiLSev_E_00to99
HSATIL_00_99__SEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
60% coverage
6
PrecoSdlgResp_E_0to8
PRECO_0_8__SEEDRESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
5% (1.85% occupied by uredia)
5
NPQI_M_Idx
NPQI_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
50% plant height affected, 20% coverage
52
AlvW_M_joules
ALVW_joules
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
intermediate
5
TTTS_Calc_Cday
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules
R
InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm
INFERTNO_tll_m
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FvDA_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GSize_ScreenCount2_pct
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
90% plant height affected, 80% coverage
98
FlrYellCls_M_1to3
FLRYELLCLS_1_3
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis
S
no damage
0
PhordSev_E_0to12
PHORD_0_12__SEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
10% plant height affected, 80% coverage
18
Seedling development , 8 leaves unfolded
18
Ant_date_ymd
ANTD_yyyymmdd
ANTD
ANTDATE
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GY_M_gPlnt
GRNYLD_g_pl
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Germination, Water uptake (imbibition) started
01
moderately resistant, small to medium uredinia often surrounded by Chlorosis or necrosis, green island may be surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic border (2)
2
red
R
GReten_M_pct
GRNRETEN_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Mat_relat_1to6
RELTMT_1_6
RELTMT
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
lax
3
GlmWid_M_mm
GLMWID_mm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Stem elongation or jointing, 6th node detectable
36
GCol_M_avalue
GRNCOL_a_value
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StrawCol_E_1to6
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
50% anther extrusion
5
PH_E_1to5
RELTPH_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
DnoxiDmg_E_pct
DNOXI_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PstriInc_E_1to9
PSTRI_1_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
medium
3
awned (conspicuous)
7
BSMV_E_0to9pct
BSMV_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GlmLng_M_mm
GLMLNG_mm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GSize_ScreenMass4_pct
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GYPR_Calc_gm2day
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
susceptible
3
GCol_M_bvalue
GRNCOL_b_value
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PhordCI_Calc_pct
PHORD_pct__CI
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FvLAFmLA_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AnthExt_E_0to9
CIMMYT
Bhoja Basnet, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
6
hollow
1
TilSpSpkInc_E_pct
TILSP_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
NWI1_M_Idx
NWI1_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
susceptible (S), pycnidial density greater than 40%
S
SnodoInc_E_pct
SNODO_pct__INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
One or more sharp eyespot lesions on lower sheaths but no symptoms on the stem
1
70% plant height affected, 60% coverage
76
30% plants with broken straw
3
SR_M_Idx
SR_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GCol_E_1to5
GRNCOL_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StmDia_M_mm
STMDIA_mm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Amax_M_umolCO2m2s2
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SemoCol_M_bvalue
SEMOCOL_b_value
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BLSSev_E_00to99
BLS_00_99
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
moderately susceptible, medium-sized uredinia that may be associated with chlorosis (3)
3
highly susceptible
1
HerbicideDmg_E_1to5
HERBDMG_1_5
HerbDmg_N_T_S_M_V
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Germ_M_pct
GERM_pct
GermiTest_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
60% (22.2% occupied by uredia)
60
60% anther extrusion
6
PedPubDen_E_0to9
PEDPBD_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FolDis_E_1to5
FOLDIS_1_5
FoliarDis_N_T_S_M_V
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
20% plant height affected, 80% coverage
28
very high damage
9
SepSpSev_E_00to99
SEPSP_00_99__SEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafPSSRa_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
30% plant height affected, 40% coverage
34
winter
W
FLeafLLng_M_cm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ISBM_M_kgPlot
ISBM_kg_plot
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas
MR
good (G)
4
LeafThk_M_um
LEAFTHK_mm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TlaevInc_E_pct
TLAEV_pct__INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FE_Calc_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
semi-spreading (SS)
SS
light moderate susceptible
LMS
RARSc_M_Idx
RARSc_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GFRTT_Calc_gCday
GFILLRATE_thermal_time
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
Threshblty_E_1to9
THRESHBLTY_1_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
90% plant height affected, 90% coverage
99
LI_M_pct
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AlvPL_Calc_Idx
ALVPL_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafPI_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PherpResp_E_1to8
PHPRP_1_8__RESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Lodg_E_1to5
LODG_1_5
LodgInc_N_T_S_M_V
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FlrCol_M_Lvalue
FLRCOL_L_value
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GPhos_M_mgkg
GRNPHOS_mg_kg
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
moderate (M)
M
Ripening, Kernel loosening in daytime
93
Heading, ¾ of head emerged
57
high damage
7
FHBSpkWt_Calc_pct
FHB_pct__SPKW
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FnivLBSev_E_00to99
FNIVLB_00_99__SEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TtritInc_E_pct
TTRIT _pct__INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AphDmg_E_1to5
APHDMG_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
90% plant height affected, 10% coverage
91
very good (VG)
5
HtereSev_E_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FgramInc_E_pct
FGRAM_pct__INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BMNUP_Calc_kgha
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
BirdDmg_E_pct
BIRDDMG_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
STRNUP_Calc_kgha
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
CropGrwRate_Calc_gm2day
CROPGRWRATE_g_m2_day
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Hd_date_ymd
HEADD_yyyymmdd
HEADD
HEADDATE
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FLRGluCon_M_pct
GLUCON_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
InfertSpkN_Ct_SplSpk
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Lodg_E_0to9pct
LODG_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
very low to low
2
DRidge_date_ymd
DRD_yyyymmdd
DRD
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StrawYld_Calc_tha
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
GlmGlau_E_0to9
GLMGLAU_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BMNUtE_Calc_kgkgN
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
TTB_Calc_Cday
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GluD1_M_text
GLUD1_text
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PstriSpkSev_E_pct
PSTRI_pct__SPKSEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BMNUE_Calc_kgkgN
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
FoxiWilt_E_pct
FOXYWIL _pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HelSpSev_E_00to99
HELSP_00_99
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PedLng_M_cm
PEDLNG _cm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
head prematurely ripened (whitehead) or plant collapsed with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem, or shoot killed as the ear emerges from the sheath with sharp eyespot lesions on the shoot
9
WKill_E_1to5
WKILL_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
highly tolerant
5
FHBAUDPC_Calc_pct
FHB_pct__AUDPC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
MixTq_M_pctmin
MIXTQ_pct_min
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GLys_M_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Awns_E_0to9
AWNS_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
spreading (S)
S
PgramSev_E_0to12
PGRAM_0_12__SEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Tillering, Main shoot and 5 Tillers
25
absent
0
10% plant height affected, 40% coverage
14
GCol_E_1to3
GRNCOL_1_3
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PH_M_cm
PH_cm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FLeafA_M_cm2
FLEAFA _cm2
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
moderately resistant (MR), 9 to 11 % of infection
MR
FHBSplInc_Calc_Idx
FHB_index__SPLINC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FHBGInc_E_pct
FHB_pct__GRNINC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Germination, Coleoptile emerged from seed
07
SepSPInc_E_pct
SEPSP_pct__INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
EgramInc_E_1to5
EGRAM_1_5__INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PlntStnd_Calc_Plntha
PLNTSTND_pl_ha
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
20% plant height affected, 40% coverage
24
FgramSev_E_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
90% plant height affected, 40% coverage
94
70% plant height affected, 50% coverage
75
Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible
39
resistant (R), average pycnidial density of 5-15%
R
immune, no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection (0)
I
ISBM_M_gPlot
ISBM_g_plot
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LofVol_M_ml
LOFVOL_ml
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PrecoCI_Calc_pct
PRECO_pct__CI
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
7
50% plant height affected, 90% coverage
59
GFP_calc_pct
GFILLPERIOD_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
VgP_calc_pct
VEGPERIOD_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PgramNote_E_text
PGRAM_text
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some clorosis possible
MS
Poor
3
Branched
2
GY_M_kgPlot
PLOTGRNYLD_kg
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BM_Calc_tha
BM_t_ha
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafGlau_E_1to5
LEAFGLAU_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HgramInc_E_pct
HGRAM_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
poor (P)
3
GFibre_NIRS_pct
GRNFibre_pct
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
ColeopLng_M_cm
COLEOPLNG _cm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PrecoResp_E_1to8
PRECO_1_8__ADLTRESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GN_Calc_Grnm2
GNO
grains/m2
GM2
kernel/m2
KNO
GNO_grains_m2
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
soft (S, >55)
S
PrecoInc_E_1to9
PRECO_1_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
10% plant height affected, 10% coverage
11
BMPR_Calc_gm2day
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GluB3_M_text
GLUB3_text
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FmLA_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
very late (VL)
6
GThk_M_mm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
leaf is severely rolled
5
STRNitr_NIRS_pct
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
AlTol_E_1to9
ALUTOL_1_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
moderately resistant (MR), average pycnidial density coverage of 15-30%
MR
90% coverage
9
SpkLng_M_cm
SPKLNG_cm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CT_M_C
CT_C
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
WMFlrCol_M_avalue
WMFLRCOL_a_value
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
tolerant
4
InsectDmg_E_1to5
INSECTDMG_1_5
InsectDmg_N_T_S_M_V
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Tillering, Main shoot and 9 or more Tillers 89 Late hard dough (difficult to dent)
29
HI_Calc_Idx
HI_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
0
very poor to poor (VP-P)
2
GgtriInc_E_pct
GGTRI_pct__INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
50% plant height affected, 70% coverage
57
AgrScr_E_0to9
AGRSCR_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FlrCol_M_bvalue
FLRCOL_b_value
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
WKill_E_pct
WKILL_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
10% plant height affected, 20% coverage
12
GHrd_M_pct
GRNHRD_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
80% plant height affected, 50% coverage
85
very susceptible (VS), > 50 % of infection
VS
GApp_E_0to9
GRNAPP_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TN_Ct_Tllrm
TNO_tll_m
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafR750R700_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules
R
RsolaInc_E_0to9pct
RSOLA_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
very high
9
EgramInc_E_0to5
EGRAM_0_5__INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
60% plant height affected, 20% coverage
62
GHrd_M_1to4
HRDCLS_1_4
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
MixTyp_E_1to6
MIXTYP_1_6
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RcereInc_E_0to9
RCERE_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
NDVI_M_Idx
NDVI_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
80% plant height affected, 10% coverage
81
LeafCID_M_delta13C
LEAVESCID_delta
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GFPTT_Calc_Cday
GFILLPERIOD_thermal_time
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
AntDmg_E_pct
ANTDMG_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
white/red
W/R
GHrd_M_1to5
HRDCLS_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
rolled leaf rim covers part of leaf blade
4
GMoi_E_pct
GRNH20_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf tip (Y)
Y
NWI3_M_Idx
NWI3_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FlrCol_M_avalue
FLRCOL_a_value
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
good (G)
6
StritInc_E_pct
STRIT_pct__INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
30% plant height affected, 60% coverage
36
PhordInc_E_1to9
PHORD_1_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
50% plant height affected, 10% coverage
51
No visible infection on plants
0
10
10
RNDVI_M_Idx
RNDVI_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
DroughtTol_E_pct
DROUGHTTOL_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
30% plant height affected, 70% coverage
37
Emer_date_ymd
EMERD_yyyymmdd
EMERD
EDATE
EMERDATE
Emergence date
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Resistant (R) - Very light pycnidial formation. Some coalescing of lesions mainly toward the leaf tip and in older leaf tissue.
R
WormDmg_E_pct
WORMDMG_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ArmyWDmg_E_pct
ARMDMG_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
early (E)
2
30% plant height affected, 30% coverage
33
PstriNote_E_text
PSTRI_text
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Mixed
6
30% plant height affected, 50% coverage
35
semi-hard (SH, 45-50)
SH
early to normal (E-N)
3
GHrd_M_1to3
HRDCLS_1_3
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TanSpotSev_E_00to99
TANSPOT_00_99__SEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
no visible infection (0)
0
white
W
1% (0.37% occupied by uredia)
1
high to very high
8
SawflyDmg_E_pct
CPYGM_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
20% anther extrusion
2
Asat_M_umolCO2m2s1
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
highly susceptible to susceptible
2
NWI4_M_Idx
NWI4_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SGNDmg_E_pct
ATRITDMG _pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
very lax
1
Booting, Flag leaf sheath extending
41
GSize_ScreenCount5_pct
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FvLA_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
none (N)
1
BM_M_kgPlot
BM_kg_plot
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafR675_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StrawStn_E_1to3
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing
MS
SN_M_Spksm
SNO_spk_m
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PnegleDmg_E_pct
PNEGLE_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
dense to very dense
8
severe
5
TTH_Calc_Cday
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
intermediate
3
LeafPubLng_M_um
LEAFPUBLNG _um
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
70% plant height affected, 40% coverage
74
SplN_Ct_SplSpk
SPLSPK_num
SPLSPK
spikelets/spike
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
40% coverage
2
intermediate
5
Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis
R
NWI2_M_Idx
NWI2_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AgrScr_E_1to9
AGRSCR_1_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
moderate
M
acronym
NupE_Calc_kgkgN
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis
S
GlmCol_E_1to3
GLMCOL_1_3
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BYDInc_E_pct
BYD_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SpkTyp_E_1to6
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
sparse
2
50% plant height affected, 50% coverage
55
StomaSiz_M_um
STMSIZ _um
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Booting, Flag leaf sheath opening
47
RUET_Calc_gMJ
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
60% plant height affected, 70% coverage
67
20% coverage
1
Heading, ½ of head emerged
55
susceptible (S), 21 to 50 % of infection
S
NeckBreak_E_pct
NBREAK_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
moderately Susceptible (MS), medium-sized lesions, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible
MS
RootRot_E_0to9pct
ROOTROT_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GrnTllr_Calc_GrnTllr
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha
Hd_dto_day
DTH_days
DTH
HEAD
DAYSHD
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
intermediate
5
SN_Calc_Spksm2
SNO_spk_m2
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
StmWSC_M_pct
STEMWSC_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
excellent (E)
9
Germination, Radicle emerged from seed
05
StritSev_E_00to99
STRIT_00_99__SEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SepSpResp_E_0to5
SEPSP_0_5__RESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BYDInc_E_0to9pct
BYD_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HNecro_E_0to1
HNECRO_0_1
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
20% plant height affected, 70% coverage
27
70% plant height affected, 70% coverage
77
purple
P
very low
1
RodentDmg_E_pct
RODDMG_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GNUP_Calc_kgha
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
semi-erect (SE)
SE
red
R
GluD3_M_text
GLUD3_text
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TcontInc_E_pct
TCONT_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Lodg_E_pct
LODG_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GSize_ScreenMass6_pct
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
10% plant height affected, 30% coverage
13
10% plant height affected, 50% coverage
15
WMFlrCol_M_bvalue
WMFLRCOL_b_value
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
WMFlrFN_M_s
WMFLRFN_s
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SemoProt_Kjl_pct
SEMOPROT _pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GrndCov_M_pct
GRNDCOV_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SpkSterility_Calc_pct
STERIND_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
30
30
50% plant height affected, 40% coverage
54
intermediate (M), lesions of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis
I
GPD_Calc_pct
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
RsecaSev_E_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
good to very good (G-VG)
7
Fusiform
1
SemoYellPig_M_ppm
SEMOYELPIG_ppm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BM_M_gPlot
BM_g_plot
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
60% plant height affected, 10% coverage
61
Tillering, Main shoot and 7 Tillers
27
CGR_Calc_gm2day
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PlntVig_E_1to5
PLNTVIG_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
CiCa_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
high
4
>90% anther extrusion
9
LeafPSSRb_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GluTyp_E_1to5
GLUTYP_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
70% plant height affected, 30% coverage
73
70% plants with broken straw
7
70
70
FHBSplInc_Ct_SplInfect
FHB_num__SPLINC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
9
LRollSev_E_1to5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ETR_M_?molm2s1
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TestWt_M_gl
TESTWT_g_l
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SepSpResp_E_1to5
SEPSP_1_5__RESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SrolfResp_E_1to8
SROLF_1_8
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GSize_ScreenMass3_pct
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LAI_Calc_Idx
LAI_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
susceptible to moderately susceptible
4
10% plant height affected, 60% coverage
16
TN_Ct_Tllrm2
TNO_tll_m2
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RachLng_M_mm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Heading, ¼ of head emerged
53
Ripening, Overripe, straw dead and collapsing
94
60% plant height affected, 30% coverage
63
FlrYld_M_pct
FLRYLD
FLRYD
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RARSa_M_Idx
RARSa_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Black
3
Seedling development , 5 leaves unfolded
15
high
7
white
1
PgramSev_E_pct
PGRAM_pct__SEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
late (L)
5
80% plant height affected, 90% coverage
89
40% plant height affected, 40% coverage
44
DRidge_dto_day
DTDR_days
DR
DTDR
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FoLA_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
highly susceptible
1
GrndCov_GS15_pct
GRNDCOV_pct__GS15
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AtritResp_E_1to8
ATRIT _1_8__RESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Red
2
high
4
ErlVig_E_1to5
ERLVIG_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
PlntStnd_Calc_Plntm2
PLNTSTND_pl_m2
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BirdDmg_E_1to5
BIRDDMG_1_5
BirdDmg_N_T_S_M_V
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ISBM_Calc_kgha
ISBM_kg_ha
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
8
immune (I), 0 % of infection
I
FlrProt_NIRS_pct
FLRPROT_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
present
1
moderately resistant (MR), small lesions surrounded by necrotic areas
MR
Awns_E_0to1
AWNS_0_1
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
PstriSev_E_0to12
PSTRI_0_12__SEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Seedling development , 3 leaves unfolded
13
LeafR750R550_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
RsecaSev_E_00to99
RSECA_00_99__SEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
UtritInc_E_pct
UTRIT_pct__INC
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Immune (Imm) - No pycnidial formation, no symptoms or occasional hypersensitive fleck.
Imm
BLBSev_E_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Flowering or anthesis, Start of flowering
61
sparse to intermediate
4
GPlump_E_1to3
GRNPLUMP_1_3
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
weak-tenacious (WT)
WT
HavenDmg_E_pct
HAVEN_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
moderately susceptible
5
Moderate
2
60% plants with broken straw
6
slight (S)
3
StritResp_E_0to5
STRIT_0_5__RESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
20
20
SBMVInc_E_0to9pct
SBMV_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
none
1
intermediate (M), pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis
I
very short (VS)
VS
resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small lesions
R
good (G)
2
weak (W)
W
FHBSpkResp_E_1to8
FHB_1_8__SPKRESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GrnSpk_Calc_GrnSpk
GRNSPK
grains/spike
GRNSPK_num
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
short (S)
S
Fs_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
stem softened with sharp eyespot lesions on the stem
8
GluA1_M_text
GLUA1_text
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
tall (T)
T
20% plants with broken straw
2
entity
PstriResp_E_1to8
PSTRI_1_8__ADLTRESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AcdTol_E_1to5
ACDTOL _1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Stem elongation or jointing, 2nd node detectable
32
InfertTN_Ct_InTllrm2
INFERTNO_tll_m2
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TTA_Calc_Cday
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
40% plant height affected, 70% coverage
47
GLng_M_mm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
SpkDen_E_1to9
SPKDEN_1_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
30% anther extrusion
3
80% (29.6% occupied by uredia)
80
BTol_E_1to9
BORONTOL_1_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
low
3
50% coverage
5
WMFlrAsh_E_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
fair (F)
5
moderate (M)
4
PrecoSev_E_0to12
PRECO_0_12__SEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GrwHabit_E_1to5
GHABIT_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
5
No visible affection
0
ISBM_Calc_gm2
ISBM_g_m2
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GlmPubLng_M_um
GLMPUBLNG_um
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
30% coverage
3
very resistant (VR), average pycnidial density of 0-5%
VR
good (G)
7
poor to fair (P-F)
3
susceptible
S
Highly Resistant (HR) - No or only occasional isolated pycnidia formed, particularly in older leaf tissue, hypersensitive flecking in younger leaf tissue.
HR
FmDA_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GW_M_g100grn
GW100_g
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BlkPtInc_E_0to9pct
BLKPT_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
moderately tolerant
7
very poor (VP)
1
BM_Calc_kgha
BM_kg_ha
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Ripening, Seed not dormant
97
PgramCI_Calc_pct
PGRAM_pct__CI
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GrnIron_M_mgkg
GRNIRON_mg_kg
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HailDmg_E_0to9
HAILDMG_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Stem elongation or jointing, 1st node detectable
31
Very susceptible (VS), large, abundant pycnidia, lesions coalescing extensively
VS
GSize_ScreenCount6_pct
CIMMYT
Kate Dreher, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
LeafLng_M_cm
LEAFLNG_cm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GluB1_M_text
GLUB1_text
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GNitr_NIRS_pct
GRN_pct
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
EgramSev_E_00to99
EGRAM_00_99__SEV
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
90% plant height affected, 30% coverage
93
susceptible, large uredinia without chlorosis (4)
4
PH_M_m
PH_m
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
NodeNO_Ct_node
NODENO _num
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Emer_dto_day
DTE_days
DTE
Days to emergence
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
9
80% coverage
4
immune
I
Stem elongation or jointing, 5th node detectable
35
2
PrecoNote_E_text
PRECO_text
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FHBSpkResp_E_0to5
FHB_0_5__SPKRESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
BlkPtInc_E_pct
BLKPT_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
HesFlyDmg_E_pct
HESFDMG _pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
susceptible (S), large lesions, no necrosis or chlorosis
S
intermediate
2
weak
1
semi-hard (SH, 45-55)
SH
Boot_dtoInit_day
DTIB_days
DTIB
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
5
SpkPho_Textile_pct
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
semi-soft (SS, 51-55)
SS
HeatTol_E_1to5
HEATTTOL_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GY_M_gPlot
PLOTGRNYLD_g
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
normal, similar to local check (N)
4
AlvL_M_mm
ALVL_mm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
trace (T)
2
WMFlrYellPig_M_ppm
WMFLRYELPIG_ppm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
large
3
FLeafLWid_M_mm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
6
moderately susceptible (MS), average pycnidial density coverage of 30-40%
MS
Boot_dateInit_ymd
IBD_yyyymmdd
IBD
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
White
1
No anther extrusion
0
FlrSDS_M_ml
FLRSDS_ml
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
40% plant height affected, 60% coverage
46
Booting, Boot swollen
45
FrostDmg_E_0to9
FROSTDMGP_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
FlrFN_M_s
FLRFN _s
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
attribute
Good
1
Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded by a distinct chlorotic or tan necrosis
MR-MS
40% plants with broken straw
4
Ripening, Secondary dormancy
98
PgramResp_E_1to8
PGRAM_1_8__ADLTRESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
insensitive
0
good to very good (G-VG)
8
50
50
Strong (S)
S
Tillering, Main shoot only
20
WI_M_Idx
WI_index
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Stem elongation or jointing, Flag leaf just visible
37
GrwCls_E_1to3
GROWTHCLS_1_3
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AwnLng_M_cm
AWNLNG _cm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
WMFlrCol_M_Lvalue
WMFLRCOL_L_value
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
50% plant height affected, 80% coverage
58
Ripening, Kernel hard (not dented by thumbnail)
92
PedGlau_E_0to9
PEDGLAU_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
dense to very dense
8
moderately resistant (MR), small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas
MR
AGBMNitr_M_pct
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
90% (33.3% occupied by uredia)
90
very late (VL)
VL
0% (no uredia)
0
TanSpotInc_E_pct
TANSPOT_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
WKill_E_0to9
WKILL_0_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
AlvIe_Calc_pct
ALVIe_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Tillering, Main shoot and 2 Tillers
22
GYellBer_M_pct
YELBER_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
resistant (R), 1 to 8 % of infection
R
40% plant height affected, 90% coverage
49
20% plant height affected, 50% coverage
25
Tillering, Main shoot and 6 Tillers
26
20% (7.4% occupied by uredia)
20
moderate to high
8
purple
P
AgrScr_E_1to5
AGRSCR_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
moderately susceptible to moderately tolerant
6
GY_Calc_tha
Yld_tha
GY_tha
GRNYLD_t_ha
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
severe
5
Mat_relat_1to5
RELTMT_1_5
RELTMT
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
awnless
0
40
40
one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 2/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened
4
50% plant height affected, 30% coverage
53
moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S)
MS-S
60% plant height affected, 40% coverage
64
PhiPS2_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
low to moderate
4
low to medium
4
SpkPI_Calc_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Heading, First spikelet of head visible
51
80% plants with broken straw
8
SLA_M_m2kg1
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
shrivelled (SH)
1
No visible affection
0
30% plant height affected, 20% coverage
32
100% coverage
5
DroughtTol_E_1to5
DROUGHTTOL_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Ci_M_umolCO2mol1
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
TanSpotResp_E_1to5
TANSPOT_1_5__ADLTRESP
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
ColdTol_E_1to5
COLDTOL_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Dough development, Very early dough (slides when crushed)
81
moderate
5
very dense
5
80% plant height affected, 60% coverage
86
2
Mat_dto_day
DTM_days
DTM
DAYSMT
MAT
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR)
R-MR
TSPI_M_Idx
CIMMYT
Gemma Molero, Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
70% plant height affected, 10% coverage
71
high to very high damage
8
8
Kernel and milk development, Medium milk (milky liquid)
75
Ripening, 50% of viable seed germinates
96
No breakage
1
susceptible (S), large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis
S
Heading, Emergence of head complete
59
70% (25.9% occupied by uredia)
70
SedIdx_M_mlpct
SEDINDX_ml_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
GWid_M_mm
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
low
2
100% (37% occupied by uredia)
100
solid
3
RepP_Calc_day
REPPERIOD_days
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Stem elongation or jointing, Pseudo stem erection
30
one or more sharp eyespot lesions on upper (as well as lower) sheaths but no symptoms on the stem
2
white (b<12.5)
1
immune (0), no uredinia or other macroscopic sign of infection
I
Intermediate (I) - Light pycnidial format ion. Coalescing of lesions normally noticeable towards the leaf tip and elsewhere on the leaf.
I
StmWallThk_M_um
STMTHK_um
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 5/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened
7
moderately susceptible (MS), 12 to 20 % of infection
MS
90% plant height affected, 60% coverage
96
CrmStr_E_1to5
CRMSTR_1_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
moderately susceptible to susceptible (MS-S)
MS-S
90% plant height affected, 70% coverage
97
GFR_Calc_gday
GFILLRATE
JIC
Luzie U Wingen
20% plant height affected, 20% coverage
22
1
awnletted (short)
3
Booting, Boot just visibly swollen
43
very early (VE)
VE
Moderately-resistant, small dark brown to black spots with very little chlorosis or tan necrosis
MR
highly tolerant
9
SnailDmg_E_pct
SNAILDMG_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Tillering, Main shoot and 8 Tillers
28
sparse
3
50% (18.5% occupied by uredia)
50
60% plant height affected, 50% coverage
65
20% coverage
2
moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible
MS
Germination, Dry seed
00
40% anther extrusion
4
high
9
Ripening, Secondary dormancy lost
99
intermediate to high damage
6
40% plant height affected, 80% coverage
48
Tillering, Main shoot and 1 Tiller
21
hard (H)
H
Amber
5
Germination, Imbibition complete
03
small
1
4
Lodg_E_0to5pct
LODG_0_5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
dense
7
40% plant height affected, 20% coverage
42
very poor (VP)
1
leaf rim starts to roll
2
purple to black
3
susceptible
2
very susceptible
VS
very severe (V)
5
nearly immune, no uredinia, but hypersensitive necrotic or chlorotic flecks present (,)
,
dense
7
white
W
80% anther extrusion
8
3
very sparse
1
low to intermediate
4
80
80
Mixed
6
moderate
7
Dough development, Early dough (elastic, dry and shiny)
83
20% plant height affected, 90% coverage
29
very early (VE)
1
80% coverage
8
very low
1
medium hard (MH)
MH
90% plant height affected, 50% coverage
95
tenacious (T)
T
60% plant height affected, 90% coverage
69
absent
0
40% coverage
4
light-yellow (b
2
partly vitreous (PV)
PV
Resistant, small dark brown to black spots without any surrounding chlorosis or tan necrosis
R
10% (3.7% occupied by uredia)
10
moderately resistant
MR
hard (H, <45)
H
intermediate
3
hard (H, <45)
H
ISBM_E_1to5
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
moderate to high
6
very tall (VT)
VT
10% plant height affected, 90% coverage
19
none
1
no disease
00
30% plant height affected, 10% coverage
31
30% (11.1% occupied by uredia)
30
very poor (VP)
0
fair to good (F-G)
5
FLeafSen_E_pct
FLEAFSEN_pct
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Stem elongation or jointing, 3rd node detectable
33
20% plant height affected, 30% coverage
23
6
Dough development, Hard dough (thumbnail impression held)
87
Tillering, Main shoot and 4 Tillers
24
80% plant height affected, 30% coverage
83
very good (VG)
8
spring
S
Purple
4
Prostrate (P)
P
50% plants with broken straw
5
FrostDmg_E_1to9
FROSTDMGP_1_9
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
moderate susceptible
MS
heterogeneous, random distribution of variable-sized uredinia on single leaf (X)
X
50% plant height affected, 60% coverage
56
Seedling development , 7 leaves unfolded
17
soft (S)
S
FHBDON_M_ppm
FHB_ppm__DON
CIMMYT
Rosemary Shrestha, Julian Pietragalla
Kernel and milk development, Kernel watery ripe (clear liquid)
71
resistant to moderately resistance (R-MR)
R-MR
30% plant height affected, 80% coverage
38
absent
1
moderately susceptible (MS), medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible
MS
70% coverage
7
No symptom of sharp eyespot
0
80% plant height affected, 20% coverage
82
one or more sharp eyespot lesions girdling in total less than or equal to 3/5 of the stem circumference, with the stem remaining un-softened
5
poor (P)
2
Flowering or anthesis, Flowering half complete
65
Dough development, Soft dough (firm, thumbnail mark not held)
85
1
yellow (b>15)
3
1
poor to fair (P-F)
4
Tillering, Main shoot and 3 Tillers
23
fair to good (F-G)
6
none
0
20% plant height affected, 10% coverage
21
very dense
9
light moderate
LM
medium strong (MS)
MS
90
90
Seedling development , First leaf emerged
10
lax to intermediate
4
40% (14.8% occupied by uredia)
40
poor (P)
2
very low
2
red/white
R/W
40% plant height affected, 50% coverage
45
3
Stem elongation or jointing, 4th node detectable
34
40% plant height affected, 30% coverage
43
tolerant
8
Seedling development , 4 leaves unfolded
14
very dense
9
erect (E)
E
very resistance
VR
intermadiate to dense
6
2
Seedling development , 6 leaves unfolded
16
60% plant height affected, 80% coverage
68
intermediate to moderate
6
red to brown
2
fair (F)
3
Seedling development , 9 or more leaves unfolded
19
Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones
S
intermediate to dense
6
resistant
R
very sparse to sparse
2
not vitreous (NV)
NV
very low
2
very low damage
2
60
60
none
1
very resistant, small uredinia surrounded by necrosis (1)
1
Wheat ontology
Susceptible (S) - Moderate pycnidial formation, lesions coalescing considerably.
S
low to intermediate damage
4
very good (VG)
3
low damage
3
40% plant height affected, 10% coverage
41
Seedling development , 2 leaves unfolded
12
10% plant height affected, 70% coverage
17
Oblong
3
10% coverage
1
medium
2
very good (VG)
9
very poor to poor (VP-P)
1
Heterogeneous, ordered distribution of variable-sized uredinia, with larger uredinia at leaf base (Z)
Z
Seedling development , First leaf unfolded
11
resistant (R), necrotic areas with or without small pustules
R
intermediate damage
5
90% plants with broken straw
9
low
2
5
Moderately susceptible, small dark brown to black spots completely surrounded with chlorotic or tan necrostic zones, some of the lesions coalescing
MS
60% coverage
3
Susceptible, small dark brown to black centres may or may not be distinguishable, most lesions consist of coalescing chlorotic or tan necrotic zones
S
SBMVInc Estimation
Standard method for soil borne mosaic virus incidence.
SDS-PAGE electrophoresis
1. Extract storage proteins (glutenins/gliadins) from wheat grain, 2. Separate glutenins from gliadins, 3. Run proteins extracts in polyacrylamide gels, 4. Stain the gel and de-stain, 5. Identify the allele for each locus.
WKill Estimation
Observe winterkill of plants per plot and rate it.
Leaf tip necrosis incidence
A physiological phenomenon caused by hot, dry and windy weather. the whole tip of the flag leaf tends to be necrotic and will often fold over. leaf tip necrosis progresses from the margins of the flag leaf tip and lower leaves as well show some signs of it. leaf tip necrosis is observed to some extent in all wheat varieties containing the leaf rust gene resistance gene lr34.
LeafTNecro
Leaf
Tip necrosis
Leaf rust severity
Leaf rust (brown rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita.
PrecoSev
Leaf
Leaf rust severity
Barley scald severity
Barley scald severity in the plants caused by the agent Rhynchosporium secalis.
RsecaSev
Plant
Barley scald severity
FHBAUDPC Computation
Calculate area under disease progress curve.
PhordInc Estimation
Standard method for Barley leaf rust incidence.
LeafTR Measurement
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
RsecaSev Estimation
Standard method for barley scald blight severity.
Leaf spectral reflectance 750/700 nm
The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R700 nm wavelength.
LeafR750R700
Leaf
Spectral reflectance
Booting thermal time
Thermal Time from emergence to Booting (GS45).
TTB
Plant
Booting thermal time
Spike disease development
The plant damage caused by spike diseases.
SpkDis
Spike
Spike disease development
Emergence time
Emergence time is when the first leaf appears above the soil surface.
Emer
Plant
Emergence time
WMFlrFN Measurement
Standard method for whole meal flour falling number.
Canopy normalized water index 3
Normalized water index 3 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85).
NWI3
Canopy
Normalized water index 3
FlrYellCls Measurement
15).]]>
1-6 Phenological relative scale
CookSdF Measurement
Standard method for cookie spread factor.
Leaf rolling severity
Severity of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress.
LRollSev
Leaf
Rolling severity
True stem partitioning index
True stem partitioning index.
TSPI
Stem
True stem partitioning index
Radiation use efficiency
The amount of biomass produced per unit of intercepted solar radiation.
RUE_T
Canopy
Radiation Use Efficiency
Biomass production rate
Biomass production rate.
BMPR
Biomass
Production per day
grain/spike
Worm damage
The plant damage caused by worms.
WormDmg
Plant
Worm damage
Leaf sheath partitioning index
Leaf sheath partitioning index.
LeafSPI
Leaf
Sheath partitioning index
Karnal bunt incidence
Karnal bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia indica (syn. Neovossia indica).
TindiInc
Spike
Karnal bunt incidence
Leaf stomatal size
Stomata size.
StomaSiz
Leaf
Stomatal size
Grain Nitrogen uptake
Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole wheat grain samples.
GNUp
Grain
Nitrogen uptake
Stripe rust coefficient of infection
Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
PstriCI
Leaf
Stripe rust coefficient of infection
Stem color
Color of the stems.
StmCol
Stem
Color
GReten Measurement
Measured as weight by percentage of all matter remaining above a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots.
Rapid spike growth period
Rapid spike growth period.
RSpkGP
Canopy
Grain Filling duration
index
Spike photosynthesis contribution
Photosynthetic contribution of the spike (ear) to grain yield.
SpkPho
Spike
Spike Photosynthesis
Anther extrusion
Extrusion of anthers.
AnthExt
Anther
Anther extrusion
Grain weight per tiller
Grain weight per tiller.
GWTTILL
Tiller
Grain weight
b value
Reproductive period
Time between double ridge (approx. ds14) and anthesis (ds65).
RepP
Plant
Reproductive period
GApp Estimation
Standard method for grain appearance.
Leaf spectral reflectance 675 nm
The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R675 nm wavelength.
LeafR675
Leaf
Spectral reflectance
Spike number
Number of spikes (fertile culms) per unit area, sample or plant.
SN
Spike
Number
StmSol Estimation
Standard method for stem solidness.
Glume length
Length of glume.
GlmLng
Glume
Length
Stripe rust spike severity
Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
PstriSpkSev
Spike
Stripe rust spike severity
Stem strength
Strength of the culm.
StmStrength
Stem
Strength
Flour falling number
The falling number is defined as the time in seconds required stirring and allowing stirrer to fall a measured distance through a hot aqueous flour or meal gel undergoing liquefaction due to a-amylase activity.
FlrFN
Flour
Falling number
Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a
Rarsa is an estimation of chlorophyll a content.
RARSa
Canopy
Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll a
Zadoks or decimal code (00-99)
GlmWid Measurement
Standard method for glume width.
Awns Estimation
Standard method for awnedness.
NUE Computation
Calculated as the grain yield divided by the total soil Nitrogen.
g/MJ
Double digit Estimation
The method was improved by using two digits, representing the vertical disease progress and an estimate of severity. The first digit gives the relative height of the disease using the original 0-9 Saari-Prescott scale as a measure. The second digit shows the disease severity as a percentage but in terms of 0-9. Because it is difficult to evaluate diseases on dead leaves, disease notes should be taken when at least four leaves are still alive and green (soft to mid-dough growth stage). Then visually evaluate the average percentage severity on only those leaves of the uppermost four that are infected. In practice, the percent severity is estimated on an overall score. The following format is used for scoring severity: 10% coverage = 1, 20% coverage = 2, 30% coverage = 3, 40% coverage = 4, 50% coverage = 5, 60% coverage = 6, 70% coverage = 7, 80% coverage = 8, 90% coverage = 9. The score of 10 is not used.
GYPR Computation
Calculated with grain yield obtained /days to maturity.
Stand establishment
Measurement of plant emergence and vigor in the field.
StdEst
Plant
Establish
Seed gall nematode damage
The wheat seed-gall nematode damage caused by Anguina tritici.
SGNDmg
Plant
Seed gall nematode damage
%
Leaf rust seedling response
Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita.
PrecoSdlgResp
Seedling
Leaf rust seedling response
cm2
ALVEOGRAPH determination AACC 54-30 A
1. A sample of 60 grams or 250 grams of flour is mixed with a salt solution to form a dough. 2. The dough is sheeted, rested and inflated in the Chopin Alveograph, 2. Five 4.5 centimeter circular dough patties are formed and then rested in the alveograph in a temperature-regulated compartment at 25 degrees Celsius for approximately 20 minutes, 3. Each dough patty is tested individually. The alveograph blows air into a dough patty, which expands into a bubble that eventually breaks, 4. The pressure inside the bubble is recorded as a curve on graph paper. The alveograph determines the gluten strength of a dough by measuring the force required to blow and break a bubble of dough. The results include P Value, L Value, and W Value.
GFP days Computation
Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration.
Grain starch content
Content of starch (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples.
Gstarch
Grain
Starch content
Seedling rust field response Estimation
Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered.
Canopy red normalized difference vegetation index
Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size.
RNDVI
Canopy
Normalized difference vegetation index
TTA Computation
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until anthesis (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
tiller/m2
Salinity tolerance
Plant tolerance to soil salinity.
SaltTol
Plant
Salinity tolerance
HavenDmg Estimation
Cereal cyst nematodes are more readily detected on seedlings than on adult plants. The roots of infested plants develop frequent branches and swellings (cysts).
Septoria tritici blotch incidence
Septoria tritici blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally.
StritInc
Plant
Septoria tritici blotch incidence
ml
0-9 DAMAGE scale
LeafPubLng Measurement
Standard method for leaf pubescence length.
Fusarium leaf blotch incidence
Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale).
FnivLBInc
Plant
Fusarium leaf blotch incidence
Helminthosporium species severity
The disease severity in the plants caused by the agent Helminthosporium species.
HelSpSev
Plant
Helminthosporium species severity
min
GluTyp Estimation
Gluten type is determined based on gluten properties data (flour protein content, Alveograph W, Alveograph P/L) following Peña 2011: Wheat End-use Quality types.
mg/kg
PherpResp Estimation
Standard method for eye spot field response.
Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B
Kjeldahl AACC 56-81B.
Grain protein content
Content of protein (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples.
GProt
Grain
Protein content
Grain yellow berry incidence
Refers to grains showing chalky or starchy endosperm areas.
GYellBer
Grain
Yellow berry incidence
LeafLng Measurement
Standard method for leaf length.
Biomass Nitrogen utilization efficiency
Biomass Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency as the biomass in relation to the total amount of N in above-ground plant at harvest.
BMNUtE
Plant
Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency
Nitrogen uptake efficiency
N-uptake efficiency as the total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground plant at harvest in relation to the available Nitrogen in soil.
BMNUpE
Plant
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency
Barley leaf rust severity
Barley leaf rust severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei.
PhordSev
Leaf
Barley leaf rust severity
1-5 GRNCOL scale
Straw Nitrogen content
Nitrogen content of the above ground straw biomass.
STRNitr
Straw
Nitrogen content
Flag leaf area
Area of the flag leaf lamina.
FLeafA
Flag leaf
Area
1-5 HRDCLS scale
GrndCov Measurement
High throughput approaches to measuring ground cover are: visual assessment or digital analysis of photographs
Glutenin Glu-B1 composition
High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b1.
GluB1
Flour
Glutenin Glu-B1 composition
FLeafLWid Measurement
Standard method for flag leaf lamina width.
StmWSC NIR Measurement
Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with NIRs.
mmol H2O/m2/s
Lodg Estimation
Estimate of the area lodged in the sampled plot.
Growth class
Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat.
GrwCls
Plant
Growth class
Flour gluten content
Content of wet gluten in flour.
FLRGluCon
Flour
Gluten content
AwnCol Estimation
Standard method for awn color.
Tiller number
Number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per unit area, sample or plant.
TN
Tiller
Tiller number
g/1000 grain
yyyymmdd
Stem solidness
Solidness of stem.
StmSol
Stem
Solidness
1-8 generic disease field response scale
Canopy normalized water index 1
Normalized water index 1 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85).
NWI1
Canopy
Normalized water index 1
plant/m
Adult plants rust field response Estimation
Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to leaf/stem/stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the following scale: 0-No visible infection. R-Resistant, necrotic areas with or without small pustules. MR-Moderately Resistant, small pustules surrounded by necrotic areas. M-Intermediate, pustules of variable size, some necrosis and/or chlorosis. MS-Moderately Susceptible, medium-sized pustules, no necrosis, but some chlorosis possible. S-Susceptible, large pustules, no necrosis or chlorosis.
Rhizoctonia root rot incidence
Rhizoctonia root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia solani.
RsolaInc
Plant
Rhizoctonia root rot incidence
Hd DS55 date Estimation
Record date of heading (DS55) when 50% of the spike is emerged (i.e., middle of the spike at the flag leaf ligule) on 50% of all stems.
NIRS Starch Measurement
NIR calibrated
1-5 scoring scale
Stem rust notes
Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici.
PgramNote
Plant
Stem rust notes
Tan spot seedling response
Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin.
TanSpotSdlgResp
Seedling
Tan spot seedling response
Lodging incidence
Indicates incidence of lodged plants.
Lodg
Plant
Lodging incidence
Dough alveograph extensibility index
It is the extensibility index of the dough. (p200/p)*100, p200: pressure (p) at 4 cm (l= 40mm) of the curve.
AlvIe
Dough
Alveograph extensibility index
GLng Measurement
Standard method for whole grain length.
Dough Mixograph mixing time
Time required for the dough development from beginning of mixing flour and water to the dough reaches maximum consistency (peak).
MixTim
Dough
Mixograph mixing time
Boron tolerance
Plant tolerance to high levels of soil boron.
BTol
Plant
Boron tolerance
Canopy spectral reflectance Measurement
Standard method for spectral reflectance.
CID determination
Proceed following the protocol for sampling of grains or leaves for CID in Chapter 6 in Pask et al., 2012. Mass spectrometers generate differential values of stable carbon isotope composition (?13C), expressed negative values in parts per thousand (?) (Farquhar et al., 1989): ?13C (?) = [(Rsample/Rstandard)?1] × 1000. Where: the ratio of heavy to light isotope (R = 13C/12C) for the sample is in comparison to Peedee Belemnite (PDB) carbonate (limestone) standard. Following Farquhar et al. (1989) ? rather than using carbon isotope composition values (?13C), positive values for CID (?13C) can be calculated for easier statistical analysis as: ?13C = [(?a-?p)]/[1 + (?p/1000)]
MIXOGRAPH determination AACC 54-40 A
1. A sample of 35 grams of flour on a 14 percent moisture basis is weighed and placed in a mixograph bowl, 2. Water is added to the flour from a buret and the bowl is inserted into the mixograph, 3. The flour and water are mixed together to form a dough, 4. As the dough is mixed, the mixograph records a curve on graph paper.
BMNUp Computation
Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the above-ground biomass at harvest.
cm
Modified cobb scale for severity
Severity of leaf/stem/stripe rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection.
SrolfResp Estimation
Standard method for southern blight response.
0-5 percentage scale
Leaf width
Width of leaf.
LeafWid
Leaf
Width
CCI
StmWSC Measurement
Sampling for water soluble carbohydrate is often combined with in-season biomass sampling and partitioning. Ensure to plan sampling approach carefully to allow for maximal data collection/economy of sampling (e.g., data on partitioning weights can be collected on the same 20 culm sample). The leaf lamina and/or leaf sheath may also be analyzed for WSC separately, or not removed from the stem for ?whole stem? analysis. Lab analysis is performed by NIR or wet chemical method.
Hail damage
Plant damage caused by hail.
HailDmg
Plant
Hail damage
Leaf pubescence density
Leaf hairiness density.
LeafPubDen
Leaf
Pubescence density
Image Analysis Screen Count6
Standard method for screening grain size distribution <1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Grain Nitrogen content
Whole-grain Nitrogen content.
GNitr
Grain
Nitrogen content
LeafGlau Estimation
Standard method for leaf glaucousness.
Tan spot incidence
Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin.
TanSpotInc
Leaf
Tan spot incidence
Infertile tiller number
Number of infertile tillers per unit area, sample or plant.
InfertTN
Infertile tiller
Number
FND DS31 date Estimation
Record date of first node detectable (DS31). It is easier to determine in the field than DS30. It is estimated in-field as the day at which the first node can be detected at approximately 1 cm above the tillering node. The observation is performed in the main tiller.
Bacterial leaf blight severity
Wheat bacterial leaf blight severity in the plants caused by the agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. symptoms: small (less than 0.04 inches) water-soaked lesions expand and eventually coalesce. initial lesions become necrotic and turn from gray-green to tan-white. Entire leaves may become necrotic, but heads and glumes are typically symptomless.
BLBSev
Leaf
Bacterial leaf blight severity
Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration
Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration.
Ci
Leaf
Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration
Spikelet number
Number of spikelets per spike.
SplN
Spikelet
Number
Stem length
Length of stem.
StmLng
Stem
Length
stoma/mm2
Canopy green normalized difference vegetation index
Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size.
GNDVI
Canopy
Normalized difference vegetation index
NIRS Measurement
NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results.
Plant height
Height of plant from ground to top of spike, excluding awns.
PH
Plant
Height
TanSpotResp Estimation
Standard method for scoring tan spot response in adult plants.
AlTol Estimation
Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a soil presenting aluminum toxicity and rate the tolerance.
Booting initiation thermal time
Thermal Time from emergence to Initiation of Booting (GS41).
TTIB
Plant
Initiation of Booting thermal time
Stripe rust notes
Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
PstriNote
Leaf
Stripe rust notes
BMNUte Computation
Calculated as biomass per unit of Nitrogen taken up.
Root lesion nematode damage
The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp.
RLNDmg
Root
Root lesion nematode damage
1-3 HRDCLS scale
Nitrogen harvest index
The fraction of Nitrogen recovered in the harvested grain as a function of the total Nitrogen taken up.
NHI
Plant
Nitrogen harvest index
0-9 GRNAPP scale
GY Measurement
The weight of the grain harvested is registered on a scale, decide which method suit better for your objectives. In breeding trials, a sample area (rather than the whole plot) is generally used for estimating yield. Discard borders when combine harvest for a better estimation of yield.
StrawYield_Computation
Calculated as difference between biomass and grain yield.
StmCol Estimation
Standard method for stem color.
Leaf minimal fluorescence intensity
Minimal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf.
FoLA
Leaf
Minimal fluorescence intensity
L value
Straw strength
Strength of straw.
StrawStn
Straw
Strength
spike/m
Canopy water index
Water index use reflectance at 970 nm as a wavelength sensitive to water content, while reflectance at 900 nm is taken as a reference which is similarly affected by canopy and leaf structures but with null absorption by water.
WI
Canopy
Water index
AwnLng Measurement
Standard method for awn length.
Node number
Number of nodes in the main stem.
NodeN
Stem
Node number
Specific leaf area
A ratio of the leaf area to dry mass.
SLA
Leaf
Specific leaf area
0-5 incidence scale
Fusarium head blight spike incidence
Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in spikes caused by the agent fusarium spp.
FHBSpkInc
Spike
Fusarium head blight spike incidence
Septoria blotch plant response
Septoria blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species.
SepSpResp
Leaf
Septoria blotch plant response
1-3 STMSOL scale
SplN Counting
Both the total number of spikelets and the number of fertile spikelets (i.e., those containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average. When sampling large numbers of samples or plots, time may be saved by randomly counting one side of the spike and multiplying by two.
Whole meal flour ash content
Ash content in flour.
WMFlrAsh
Whole meal flour
Ash content
a value
Terminal spikelet time
Terminal spikelet time is when the last spikelet, the terminal spikelet, has been produced.
TSpl
Plant
Terminal spikelet time
RodentDmg Estimation
Standard method for rodent damage.
Septoria nodorum blotch incidence
Septoria nodorum blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Stagonospora nodorum (syn. Septoria glume blotch) (Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjaroude (syn. Stagonospora nodorum).
SnodoInc
Plant
Septoria nodorum blotch incidence
Coleoptile length
Length of coleoptile (a protective sheath that surrounds the shoot tip and the embryonic leaves of the young shoot of grasses).
ColeopLng
Coleoptile
Length
FE Computation
Spike fertility index. Dry weight of 20 randomly selected spikes at anthesis. Fruiting Efficiency= number of grains at maturity / spike dry matter at anthesis.
GFR Computation
Calculated daily grain weight increase between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration.
Stem rust severity
Stem rust (black rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici.
PgramSev
Plant
Stem rust severity
Leaf chlorophyll content
Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes both chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants.
Chl
Leaf
Chlorophyll content
StrawStn Estimation
Standard method for straw strength.
Leaf carbon isotope discrimination
Leaves carbon isotope discrimination can be measured in the leaves during early canopy development in well irrigated trials, in which case genotypic effects will be related mainly to transpiration efficiency.
LeafCID
Leaf
Carbon isotope discrimination
TSpl date Estimation
Record date of terminal spikelet stage (DS25-30 approx.). It is estimated as the date at which the final spikelet can be observed on the forming spike within the stem of the main culm, typically measured on around 3-5 plants per plot. It required a main tiller dissection and an observation of the apex on an optic magnifier.
Forage dry matter
Forage dry matter.
ForgDM
Plant
Forage dry matter
PH Estimation
Score a relative plant height to local check using 1-5 scale where 3 is used for the local check (1 = short, 5 = tall). Assessment of plant height compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment.
g/m2/day
degree C
text
Leaf thickness
Measurement of leaf thickness.
LeafThk
Leaf
Thickness
g
Fusarium head blight AUDPC
Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp.
FHBAUDPC
Spike
Fusarium head blight AUDPC
GHrd Measurement
Standard method for grain hardness class.
Spike awnedness
Observation of awn type whether awnless/awnletted (short awns)/awned (conspicious awns).
Awns
Spike
Awnedness
SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis (1BL1RS)
Detect in the SDS-PAGE gel the presence of some protein bands from rye chromosome translocation.
num
Semolina protein content
Protein content in durum wheat semolina.
SemoProt
Semolina
Protein content
Grain lysine content
Lysine content of the kernel/grain.
GLys
Grain
Lysine content
GrnTllr Computation
Count the total number of grains per tiller.
NIRS Measurement
NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results.
PedPubDen Estimation
Standard method for peduncle pubescence density.
VgP Computation
Calculated as time between emergence (DS10) and first node detectable (DS31) as percentage of crop cycle duration.
Rust Coefficient of infection Computation
Coefficient of infection (CI) calculated by multiplying the severity times a constant for host response: where immune = 0.0, R=0.2, MR =0.4, MS =0.8, and S=1.0.
Leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis
Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light.
Asat
Leaf
Light-saturated net photosynthesis
FHBGInc Estimation
Standard method for FHB grain incidence.
Mat DS87 DT Computation
Number of days required from sowing to physiological maturity (approx. DS87). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
Grain fibre content
Content of fibre (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in the whole wheat grain samples.
Gfibre
Grain
Fibre content
StomaFrq Counting
Standard method for stomatal frequency.
Dough mixograph torque
It is the torque measured during the mixograph test.
MixTq
Dough
Mixograph torque
First node detectable time
First node detectable time is when the stem starts the elongation or jointing period, first node becomes visible as it appears above the soil surface.
FND
Plant
First node detectable time
SedIdx Measurement
Standard method for sedimentation index.
TllrGW Measurement
The weight of the grain taken per tiller.
Grain size
Grain size.
GSize
Grain
Size
Grain germination
Proportion of seed that germinate under proper condition.
Germ
Grain
Germination
1-9 SPKDEN scale
Crop growth rate
It is the rate of dry matter production per unit area.
CGR
Plant
Biomass production
TindiInc Estimation
Standard method for karnal bunt incidence.
SpkDen Estimation
Standard method for spike density.
GScreen Measurement
Measured as weight by percentage of all matter passing through a 2 mm slotted screen ? 40 shakes in the direction of the slots
Heading time
Heading time extends from the time of emergence of the tip of the spike from the flag leaf sheath to when the spike has completely emerged but has not yet started to flower.
Hd
Plant
Heading time
Leaf area index
It is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies and defined as the leaf area per unit ground surface area.
LAI
Plant
Leaf area index
Common root rot incidence
Common root rot incidence in the plants caused by the agents Cochliobolus sativus, fusarium spp., and Pythium species.
RootRot
Plant
Common root rot incidence
FmLA Measurement
Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf.
EgramInc Estimation
Standard method for powdery mildew incidence.
SproutTol Estimation
Observe the tendency of grain to sprout when in the spike and rate the tolerance.
Spike dry weight
Dry weight of spike(s).
SpkDW
Spike
Spike dry weight
FvLA Measurement
Variable fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf.
TllrCapacity Estimation
Standard method for tillering capacity.
ISBM Measurement
Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives.
Leaf spectral reflectance 750/550 nm
The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R750/R550 nm wavelength.
LeafR750R700
Leaf
Spectral reflectance
NeckBreak Estimation
Standard method for neck break.
Canopy photochemical reflectance index
Photochemical reflectance index is correlated with the de-epoxidation stage of the xanthophylls cycle, with zeaxanthin, and with radiation-use efficiency (filella et al., 1996). higher pri values indicate greater efficiency.
PRI
Canopy
Photochemical reflectance index
Canopy normalized water index 2
Normalized water index 2 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85).
NWI2
Canopy
Normalized water index 2
GZinc Measurement
Standard method for grain zinc content.
Peduncle glaucousness
Glaucousness in peduncle.
PedGlau
Peduncle
Glaucousness
RepP Computation
Calculated as time between double ridge (approx. DS14) and anthesis (DS65) as percentage of crop cycle duration.
Cyst nematode damage
The wheat cyst nematode damage caused by cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae.
HavenDmg
Root
Cyst nematode damage
Nute Computation
Calculated as grain yield per unit of Nitrogen taken up.
Fs Measurement
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
Flour yellowness
Flour yellowness.
FlrYellCls
Flour
Yellowness
Fusarium head blight spike weight
Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp.
FHBSpkWt
Spike
Fusarium head blight spike weight
Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection
Barley leaf rust incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei.
PhordCI
Leaf
Barley leaf rust coefficient of infection
Glutenin Glu-D3 composition
Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d3.
GluD3
Flour
Glutenin Glu-D3 composition
Tan spot severity
Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin.
TanSpotSev
Leaf
Tan spot severity
mm
FHBSpkWt Computation
Relative spike weight is calculated by dividing spike weight (at maturity) from infected by the non-infected.
GrnSpk Computation
The number of grains per spike can be measured independently by threshing a known number of randomly selected spikes per plot (10-20 spikes per plot) or can be calculated as: Grains per spike (GSP) = grains m2 / spikes m2.
Leaf electron transport rate
Transfer of electrons during photosynthesis in light saturated leaf.
ETR
Leaf
Electron transport rate
GN Computation
Grain number (GNO) as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. GNO determines the sink size of the crop and under many conditions it is strongly correlated with yield. Grains/m2 (GNO) = yield (g/m2) / TGW (g) × 1000.
1-3 GRNPLUMP scale
UagroResp Estimation
Standard method for flag smut field response.
Canopy structural independent pigment index
Structural independent pigment index uses wavelengths showing the best semi-empirical estimation of the carotenoid chlorophyll a ratio (car:chla ratio), and its formulation minimizes the disrupting effects of leaf surface and mesophyll structure.
SIPI
Canopy
Structural independent pigment index
Plant photoperiod response
Extent to which long days hasten flowering.
PhotopResp
Plant
Photoperiod response
Rust severity Estimation
Severity of rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection.
Plant hybrid necrosis incidence
Observation of hybrid necrosis.
HNecro
Plant
Hybrid necrosis incidence
StritResp Estimation
Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch response.
Ant DS65 date Estimation
Record date of anthesis (DS65) when 50% of spikes have flowered (i.e. at least 1 anther dehisced).
TtritInc Estimation
Tilletia tritici incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row.
Stripe rust severity
Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
PstriSev
Leaf
Stripe rust severity
Peduncle pubescence density
Peduncle hairiness density.
PedPubDen
Peduncle
Pubescence density
kg/kg N
0-4 PRECO scale
Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-a. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants.
LeafPSSRa
Leaf
Chlorophyll content
Leaf maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry
Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured in the leaf.
FvLAFmLA
Leaf
Maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry
Plant early vigour
Capacity of a seedling or plant to grow vegetatively in early stages of development.
ErlVig
Plant
Early vigour
FLRGluCon Measurement
1. A 10-gram sample of flour or ground wheat is weighed and placed into the glutomatic washing chamber on top of the polyester screen, 2. The sample is mixed and washed with a 2 percent salt solution for 5 minutes, 3. The wet gluten is removed from the washing chamber, placed in the centrifuge holder, and centrifuged, 4. The residue retained on top of the screen and through the screen is weighed.
Grain protein deviation
Deviation from the grain yield -grain protein linear regression.
GPD
Plant
Grain Protein Deviation
Dough alveograph value G
G stands for the square root of the volume of air in the bubble that was possible before the bubble burst. shows how flexible the dough was during the test.
AlvG
Dough
Alveograph value G
LI Computation
Measurement of the light intercepted by the canopy using a ceptometer as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla.
Fusarium graminearum incidence
Fusarium graminearum incidence in the plants.
FgramInc
Spike
Fusarium graminearum incidence
Grain yield
Amount (weight) of grains that was harvested.
GY
Grain
Yield
Glume color
Color observation on the outer glume at maturity.
GlmCol
Glume
Color
FLeafA Measurement
Standard method for flag leaf area.
Canopy light interception
Light energy intercepted by the canopy.
LI
Canopy
Light interception
t/ha
Dough alveograph value P
P value is the force required to blow the bubble of dough. it is indicated by the maximum height of the curve.
AlvP
Dough
Alveograph value P
Flour SDS sedimentation
Testing of refined flour quality by sds-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality.
FlrSDS
Flour
SDS sedimentation volume
Barley yellow dwarf incidence
Wheat yellow dwarf incidence in the plants caused by the agent wheat yellow dwarf virus.
BYDInc
Plant
Barley yellow dwarf incidence
Hd DS55 days Computation
Number of days required from sowing to spike emergence from the flag leaf (DS55). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
Spike density
Density or compactness of a wheat spike.
SpkDen
Spike
Density
Boot DS39 date Estimation
Record date of initiation of booting stage when 50% of the culms expected to produce spikes are between DS39 (Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible) and DS41 (Flag leaf sheath extending).
0-9 percentage scale
LeafSPI Computation
Leaf Sheath Coefficient = Leaf Sheath DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf sheath is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant.
SN Measurement
It can be easily and non-destructively measured during grain-filling (i.e., before physiological maturity) by counting in a given area or length of row.
Minolta Chroma Meter Test
Measurement of flour/whole meal/grain color with the Minolta chromameter, L value represents whiteness, a* value (reddishness) represents red and green colors and b* value (yellowness) represents yellow and blue colors. Using the Minolta Chroma Meter Test: 1. A sample of flour/whole meal/grain is placed on the granular materials attachment and compacted, 2. The Minolta Chroma Meter is inserted into the granular materials attachment, 3. Measurements are taken and recorded, 4.Color results are reported in terms of 3-dimensional color values based on the following rating scale: L* value whiteness: 100 white, 0 black, a* value positive +60 red color, negative values -60 green color, b* value positive +60 yellow color, negative values -60 blue color.
FHBSplInc Computation
Calculated as the index (ratio) of infected spikelets over total number of spikelets by Calonectria nivalis (Fusarium nivale, F. graminearum) causing scab disease in spike.
Whole meal flour falling number
Indication of the amount of sprout damage that has occurred within a wheat sample. falling number value of 350 seconds or longer indicates a low enzyme activity and very sound wheat quality. as the amount of enzyme activity increases, the falling number decreases. Values below 200 seconds indicate high levels of enzyme activity.
WMFlrFN
Whole meal flour
Falling number
Above ground biomass nitrogen uptake
Uptake of Nitrogen in the above ground biomass at maturity.
BMNUp
Plant
Nitrogen uptake
GNDVI Measurement
Standard method for spectral reflectance.
FoLA Measurement
Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf.
GrndCov Measurement (GS15)
Standard method for ground cover at 5 leaves stage.
Flour SDS sedimentation index
Is the result of dividing sedimentation volume by flour protein content.
SedIdx
Flour
Sedimentation index
PedGlau Estimation
Standard method for peduncle glaucousness.
Septoria blotch incidence
Septoria blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species.
SepSPInc
Leaf
Septoria blotch incidence
Hd DS55 relative Estimation
Assessment of heading (DS55) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment.
StrawCol Estimation
Standard method for straw color.
Pigment simple ratio chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll content in leaf green tissue. It includes ONLY chlorophyll-b. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants.
LeafPSSRb
Leaf
Chlorophyll content
Spike threshability
Threshability (ease to thresh) is a score where several spike-related traits such as rachis fragility (brittle or non-brittle rachis) and glume tenacity (hulled or free-threshing).
Threshblty
Spike
Threshability
Soil borne mosaic incidence
Soil borne mosaic incidence in the plants caused by the agent soilborne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv) which is vectored by Plasmodiophorid polymyxa graminis.
SBMVInc
Leaf
Soil borne mosaic incidence
FnivLBInc Estimation
Standard method for Fusarium leaf blotch incidence.
Whole meal flour yellow pigment content
Whole meal flour yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds.
WMFlrYellPig
Whole meal flour
Yellow pigment content
SDS-sedimentation determination
A small sample of flour or ground wheat (1.0 grams) is weighed and placed in 25-milliliter glass-stoppered graduated cylinder. This is mixed with different solutions for some minutes and then rested. Finally, the volume of the sediment is recorded after 21 minutes.
1-5 RELTPH scale
LofVol Measurement
Standard method for loaf volume.
PstriInc Estimation
Standard method for Stripe rust incidence.
Leaf rust incidence
Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita.
PrecoInc
Leaf
Leaf rust incidence
SaltTol Estimation
Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at the field presenting soil salinity and rate the tolerance.
Canopy normalized water index 4
Normalized water index 4 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85).
NWI4
Canopy
Normalized water index 4
BLBSev Estimation
Standard method for wheat bacterial leaf blight severity.
Seedling rust field response Estimation
Seedling host responses are normally scored as susceptible or resistant depending on the infection type produced with a designated isolate in a particular environment. The infection type produced will often change if the environment is altered.
Above ground biomass nitrogen content
Nitrogen content of the above ground biomass.
BMNitr
Plant
Nitrogen content
plant/m2
Root disease development
The plant damage caused by root diseases.
RootDis
Root
Root disease development
Anthesis thermal time
Thermal Time from emergence to Anthesis (GS65).
TTA
Plant
Anthesis thermal time
Awn color
Awn color.
AwnCol
Awn
Color
Booting time
Booting time is just prior to spike emergence, when the flag leaf sheath encloses the growing spike.
Boot
Plant
Booting time
Leaf stomatal frequency
Number of stomata counted per unit area on the leaf surface.
StomaFrq
Leaf
Stomatal frequency
PnegleDmg Estimation
Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic.
Tan spot plant response
Tan spot (Pyrenophora yellow leaf blotch, yellow spot) response in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (helminthosporium tritici-repentis). Symptoms: the lesions appear as tan to brown flecks, which expand into large, irregular, oval- or lens-shaped tan blotches with a yellow or chlorotic margin.
TanSpotResp
Leaf
Tan spot plant response
Glutenin Glu-B3 composition
Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-b3.
GluB3
Flour
Glutenin Glu-B3 composition
Grain fill rate
Grain weight increase per day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87).
GFR
Plant
Grain fill rate
HI Computation
Harvest index is expressed in percentage and can be calculated as Harvest index (%) = (Grain yield/Biomass)*100.
Fusarium leaf blotch severity
Fusarium leaf blotch (pink snow mold, fusarium patch) severity in the plants caused by the agent Calonectria nivalis (fusarium nivale).
FnivLBSev
Plant
Fusarium leaf blotch severity
NIRS Measurement
NIR calibrated based on Kjeldahl results.
FmDA Measurement
Maximal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf.
Canopy stay green
Ability of the plant to remain/maintain green leaves, stems and spikes at the time of senescing.
StayGreen
Canopy
Stay green
Leaf stomatal conductance
Rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide through the stomata.
StomaCond
Leaf
Stomatal conductance
Leaf variable fluorescence
Variable fluorescence measured in the leaf.
FvLA
Leaf
Variable fluorescence
Ant DS65 DT Computation
Number of days required from sowing to when 50% of spikes have flowered (DS65). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
Boot DS45 date Estimation
Record booting stage (DS45) when 50% of culms present boot swollen.
Canopy normalized pheophytinization index
Normalized pheophytinization index can be used to detect chlorophyll degradation.
NPQI
Canopy
Normalized pheophytinization index
Grain color
Grain color.
GCol
Grain
Color
ForgDM Estimation
Standard method for forage dry matter.
Pratylenchus neglectus damage
The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus.
PnegleDmg
Root
Pratylenchus neglectus damage
Fusarium wilt incidence
Fusarium wilt incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium oxysporum.
FoxiWilt
Plant
Fusarium wilt incidence
CT Measurement
Take measurements at least two times from full ground cover to the end of booting (pre-heading), and at least two times from the end of anthesis to late grainfilling (grain-filling) -with 5-7 days between each measurement to give a reasonably heritable estimate of trait expression.
Winter survival
Ability to survive or withstand cold temperatures in the late fall, winter, or early spring.
Wsurv
Plant
Winter survival
Russian wheat aphid damage
The plant damage caused by Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxis.
DnoxiDmg
Plant
Russian wheat aphid damage
BMPR Computation
Calculated with final biomass obtained /days to maturity.
HtereInc Estimation
Standard method for net blotch incidence.
WtrLoggDmg Estimation
Score the damage caused by waterlogging
Dwarf bunt incidence
Dwarf bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia controversa.
TcontInc
Spike
Dwarf bunt incidence
0-9 Mc Neal scale
Spot blotch severity
Spot blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (Helminthosporium sativum).
HsatiLSev
Leaf
Spot blotch severity
RUE Computation
Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla.
Stem water soluble carbohydrate
Water soluble carbohydrates accumulate up to and around anthesis and are partitioned to the stem, from where they are later available as a reservoir for remobilization to the developing grains. These reserves are an important source of carbon for grain filling.
StmWSC
Stem
Water soluble carbohydrate content
Note Estimation
Notes taken in the field.
GgtriInc Estimation
Standard method for take all incidence.
NHI Computation
Calculated as total grain Nitrogen divided by the total biomass Nitrogen.
Grain phosphorous content
Content of phosphorus in grain.
GPhos
Grain
Phosphorous content
Tilletia tritici bunt incidence
Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia tritici (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt).
TtritInc
Spike
Tilletia tritici bunt incidence
Grain weight
Grain weight usually expressed as weight of single, one hundred, two hundred or thousand grains.
GW
Grain
Weight
µmol CO2/mol
grains/tiller
PlntStnd Counting
Counting the number of plant per area or row.
Waterlogging damage
Plants killed as a result of winter conditions.
WtrLoggDmg
Plant
Waterlogging damage
Leaf spectral reflectance 550 nm
The normalized amount of electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the leaf at R550 nm wavelength.
LeafR550
Leaf
Spectral reflectance
CrmStr Estimation
Standard method for crumb structure.
Grain length
Length of whole grain.
GLng
Grain
Length
SnodoInc Estimation
Standard method for Septoria nodorum blotch incidence
Rachis length
Length of rachis.
RachLng
Rachis
Length
Grain amylopectin content
Content of amylopectin in grain.
GAmyloPec
Grain
Amylopectin content
Grain hardness
Grain hardness is used as a grading factor to determine the type of wheat. It is a key determinant for classification of wheat and end product quality.
GHrd
Grain
Hardness
Chl Measurement
The chlorophyll content of leaves (and other green tissues) can be quickly, and non-destructively measured using a hand-held battery portable optical meter (e.g., Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter) which measures the chlorophyll content via light transmittance (absorbance of red light at 650 nm and infrared light at 940 nm) and compensates for differing leaf thicknesses. Readings from the instrument are not absolute chlorophyll values, instead each reading is a ?chlorophyll concentration index? (CCI, ranging from 0 to 99.9). Measurements are typically made on the flag leaf (once fully expanded), although measurements of lower leaves may be taken to assess canopy chlorophyll profiles.
Aboveground biomass at maturity
All above-ground biomass at maturity.
BM
Plant
Aboveground biomass at maturity
Dough mixograph type
Mixograph type (mixograph curve) is used for determining the strength of dough.
MixTyp
Dough
Mixograph type
Image Analysis Screen Count4
Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.2 ? 2.0 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Armyworm damage
The plant damage caused by armyworm.
ArmyWDmg
Plant
Armyworm damage
Leaf lamina partitioning index
Leaf lamina partitioning index.
LeafPI
Leaf
Lamina partitioning index
Sprouting tolerance
Tolerance of grain to sprout when in the spike.
SproutTol
Grain
Sprouting tolerance
Emer DS10 days Computation
Number of days from sowing to the seedling emergence (DS10).
PH Measurement
Measure the length of individual culms from soil surface to the tip of the spike (do not include awn) and record to the nearest centimeter. (Average of 4-10 plants/culms per plot).
WMFlrYellPig Measurement
Standard method for whole meal flour yellow pigment.
Glutenin Glu-A1 composition
High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a1.
GluA1
Flour
Glutenin Glu-A1 composition
Anet Measurement
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
Grain fill rate thermal time
Grain weight increase per degree day in the period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87).
GFRTT
Plant
Grain fill rate thermal time
LRollSev Estimation
Standard method for leaf rolling severity.
RootRot Estimation
Standard method for common root rot incidence.
Grain vitreousness
One of the key quality parameters in the determination of durum quality referring to translucent or glass-like appearance when seeds are transversely sectioned and observed whether not vitreous/partly vitreous/vitreous. it is associated with high protein and hard grain.
GVtr
Grain
Vitreousness
1-6 MIXTYP scale
Field response McNEAL Estimation
Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the MCNEAL scale.
mmol/m2/s
GY Computation
Use formulae to calculate grain yield in g/m2
Wheat blast severity
Wheat blast severity in the spikes caused by the agent Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: It can infect all above-ground parts of the wheat plant, but head blast, resembling Fusarium head blight in appearance, is the most common symptom in the field. Infected spikes become bleached and produce small shriveled seed or none at all.
MgrisSev
Spike
Wheat blast severity
Grain number
Number of grains expressed as per unit area or sample.
GN
Grain
Number
Translocation 1BL/1RS
The 1bl/1rs translocation in wheat resulted from replacing the short arm of the chromosome 1b of wheat by the short arm of the chromosome 1r of rye (Secale cereale l.).
T1BL1RS
Translocation 1BL/1RS
Absence/Presence
Suni pest damage
The plant damage caused by suni pest (Eurygaster spp., sunn pest, suni bug).
SuPDmg
Plant
Suni pest damage
Grain moisture content
Moisture content of grain.
GMoi
Grain
Moisture content
LeafPI Computation
Leaf Lamina Coefficient = Lamina DM measured at7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of leaf lamina is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant.
Dough alveograph P/L
Ratio of tenacity (p, maximum pressure required for the deformation of the sample) and extensibility (l, length of the curve) of dough.
AlvPL
Dough
Alveograph P/L
StmWSC Atrone Measurement
Water soluble carbohydrates of stem dry weight measured with chemical method Antrone.
1-3 GROWTHCLS scale
Hessian fly damage
The plant damage caused by hessian fly, Maytiola destructor.
HesFlyDmg
Plant
Hessian fly damage
plant/plot
Mat DS87 date Estimation
Record date of physiological maturity (approx. DS87). It is estimated as when the grain reaches the maximum dry weight and the grain becomes viable. It is most easily determined in-field when 50% of the peduncles are ripe (i.e., yellow).
ColdTol Estimation
Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at temperature lower than the optimum temperature and rate the tolerance.
BYDInc Estimation
Standard method for barley yellow dwarf incidence.
Grain thickness
Thickness of whole grain.
GThk
Grain
Thickness
1-3 FLRYELLCLS scale
Winter kill damage
Plants killed as a result of winter conditions.
WKill
Plant
Winter kill damage
Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II
Quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII.
PhiPS2
Leaf
Quantum yield of photosystem II
GIron Measurement
Standard method for grain iron content.
Loose smut incidence
Loose smut incidence in the plants caused by ustilago tritici.
UtritInc
Spike
Loose smut incidence
1-9 general scale
Whole meal flour color
The whole meal flour color.
WMFlrCol
Whole meal flour
Color
StdEst Estimation
Standard method for standard establishment.
Plant stand
Plant population or plant density.
PlntStnd
Plant
Stand
LAI Computation
LAI can be determined directly by taking a sample of canopy from a plant canopy, measuring the leaf area per sample plot with an area meter or image scanner and dividing it by the plot land surface area. Indirect methods use ceptometer to measure canopy geometry or light extinction and relate it to LAI. (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2).
GAmyloPec Measurement
Standard method for grain amylopectin content.
Image Analysis Screen Mass5
Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.0 mm - 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Wsurv Estimation
Standard method for winter survival.
SpkLng Measurement
Measured in centimeters from the base of the spike to the tip excluding the awns (average of 6-10 random spikes in plot).
joules
Grain number per spikelet
Number of grains per spikelet.
GrnSpl
Spikelet
Grain number
0-9 AWNS scale
HerbicideDmg Estimation
Standard method for herbicide damage.
Flag leaf senescence
Flag leaf senescence.
FLeafSen
Flag leaf
Senescence
Double digit (00-99)
Peduncle neck break
Observation of spike break from the base of head.
NeckBreak
Peduncle
Neck break
StmDia Measurement
Standard method for stem diameter.
Grain carbon isotope discrimination
Grain carbon isotope discrimination at maturity from drought trials provides genotypic effects most likely to be related to transpiration rate or an integrative measurement of stomatal conductance.
GCID
Grain
Carbon isotope discrimination
GPD Computation
Calculated as the deviation from the yield-protein linear regression.
Grain yield production rate
Grain yield production rate.
GYPR
Grain
Yield production rate
Tillering capacity
An tillering capacity.
TllrCapacity
Plant
Tillering capacity
Pratylenchus thornei damage
The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei.
PthornDmg
Root
Pratylenchus thornei damage
AACC 55-10 or SeedCount management procedure
Standard method for test weight.
StmWallThk Measurement
Standard method for stem wall thickness.
NodeN Counting
Standard method for node number.
Boot DS45 DT Computation
Number of days from sowing to booting stage (DS45). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
Powdery mildew severity
Powdery mildew severity in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici.
EgramSev
Leaf
Powdery mildew severity
0-9 RCERE scale
StrawBreak Estimation
Standard method for straw breakage.
TTH Computation
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until emergence (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
Fusarium graminearum severity
Fusarium graminearum severity in the plants.
FgramSev
Spike
Fusarium graminearum severity
Image Analysis Screen Count2
Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.8 ? 2.5 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
TanSpotSdlgResp Estimation
Standard method for scoring tan spot response in seedlings.
Leaf stomatal resistance
Resistance to diffusion of water vapor through a plant stomata.
StomaRes
Leaf
Stomatal resistance
Grain screenings
Proportion of small grain passing through a sieve.
GScreen
Grain
Screenings proportion
Alternaria leaf blight plant response
Alternaria leaf blight response in the plants caused by the agent Alternaria triticina.
AtritResp
Leaf
Alternaria leaf blight plant response
FHBDON Measurement
Standard method for content of deoxynivalenol or DON (vomitoxin) that is often associated with FHB (Fusarium spp.) infected grains.
Straw breakage
Amount of straw breakage.
StrawBreak
Straw
Breakage
NIRS Fibre Measurement
NIR calibrated
Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence
Barley helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence in the plants caused by the agent Drechslera graminea (helminthosporium gramineum).
HgramInc
Leaf
Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence
StrawYld Estimation
Standard method for straw yield.
g/plant
1-9 scoring scale
Glume glaucousness
Glaucousness in glume.
GlmGlau
Glume
Glaucousness
ISBM Computation
Sampling is typically performed at sequential developmental stages/time intervals through crop growth. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. In most cases, determinations of dry mass are made on representative sub-samples to reduce oven space requirement, take additional measurements (e.g., fertile culm count) etc. Several protocols available (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives.
Septoria tritici blotch plant response
Septoria tritici blotch response in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally.
StritResp
Plant
Septoria tritici blotch plant response
SawflyDmg Estimation
Standard method for sawfly damage.
HailDmg Estimation
Score the damage caused by hail.
Rodent damage
The plant damage caused by rodent.
RodentDmg
Plant
Rodent damage
BSMV Estimation
Standard method for barley stripe mosaic virus incidence.
kg/ha
Stem diameter
Stem outer diameter.
StmDia
Stem
Diameter
1-5 LRoll scale
GFPTT Computation
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
Spike type
Shape characteristics of typical mature spikes.
SpkTyp
Spike
Type
LeafPSSRb Measurement
Standard method for spectral reflectance.
Leaf intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio
Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio.
CiCa
Leaf
Intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide ratio
SpkPI Computation
Calculated from shoots sampled seven days after anthesis and SPI is expressed as a ratio and can be calculated as SPI= (dry weight of spikes at anthesis+7/dry weight of the whole plants (shoots) at anthesis+7).
Physiological maturity thermal time
Thermal Time from emergence to Physiological Maturity (GS87).
TTM
Plant
Physiological maturity thermal time
SpkTyp Estimation
Standard method for spike type.
RsolaInc Estimation
Standard method for rhizoctonia root rot incidence.
Flag leaf lamina length
Length of flag leaf lamina.
FLeafLLng
Flag leaf lamina
Length
Mat DS87 relative Estimation
Assessment of physiological maturity (approx. DS87) compared to best local check which represents the best locally adopted germplasm at each location grown in standard or normal environment.
StayGreen Estimation
Stay-green assessment is conducted through the growing season, starting with the onset of the senescence of the specific organ to be evaluated.
Whole meal flour SDS sedimentation
Testing of whole-meal flour quality by SDS-sedimentation, a test estimating gluten-protein overall quality.
WMFlrSDS
Whole meal flour
SDS-sedimentation volume
ArmyWDmg Estimation
Standard method for armyworm damage.
Grain plumpness
The degree of endosperm filling.
GPlump
Grain
Plumpness
Dough alveograph P/G
It is the p/g ratio.
AlvPG
Dough
Alveograph P/G
GW Measurement
Dry grains at 70oC and weigh.
Sawfly damage
The plant damage caused by sawfly, Cephus cinctus.
SawflyDmg
Plant
Sawfly damage
Leaf glaucousness
Glaucousness in leaf.
LeafGlau
Leaf
Glaucousness
SGNDmg Estimation
Distorted leaves and stems are evident prior to heading. As diseased plants approach maturity, galls are formed in the florets, replacing the kernels. The galls are similar in shape to the seed they replace and are dark brown in color. Large numbers of motile larvae are present within the galls and become active after the galls have been moistened. These nematodes can act as vectors of Clavibacter tritici.
HgramInc Estimation
Standard method for Barley Helminthosporium leaf stripe incidence.
GFP pct Computation
Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration.
LeafThk Measurement
Standard method for leaf thickness.
1-9 PHOTORESP scale
FHBSplInc Counting
Standard method for FHB infected spikelets counting.
Heat tolerance
Plant tolerance to heat conditions.
HeatTol
Plant
Heat tolerance
Plant vegetative period
Time period between emergence (ds10) and first node detectable (ds31).
VgP
Plant
Vegetative period
degree C day
Stem rust coefficient of infection
Stem rust (black rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici.
PgramCI
Plant
Stem rust coefficient of infection
ISBM Estimation
Standard method for In-season aboveground biomass.
Glutenin Glu-D1 composition
High molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-d1.
GluD1
Flour
Glutenin Glu-D1 composition
StmStrength Estimation
Standard method for stem strength.
CropGrwRate Computation
Standard method for crop growth rate.
STR NIRS Measurement
Straw NIR calibrated.
Straw Nitrogen uptake
Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole above ground straw.
STRNUp
Straw
Nitrogen uptake
Semolina yellow pigment content
Semolina yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds.
SemoYellPig
Semolina
Yellow pigment content
TlaevInc Estimation
Tilletia laevis incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row.
Leaf pubescence length
Leaf pubescent length.
LeafPubLng
Leaf
Pubescence length
Grain surface area
Surface of whole grain.
GsurfA
Grain
Surface area
Leaf light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis
Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light and CO2.
Amax
Leaf
Light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis
Flour gluten type
Gluten type whether weak-tenacious/tenacious/weak/medium strong/strong.
GluTyp
Flour
Gluten type
GNUp Computation
Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the grain at harvest.
Leaf transpiration rate
Leaf transpiration rate.
LeafTR
Leaf
Leaf transpiration rate
SemoYellPig Measurement
Standard method for semolina yellow pigment.
DroughtTol Estimation
Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under droughted condition and rate the tolerance.
BlkPtInc Estimation
Black point incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of grain with black point symptoms.
Glutenin Glu-A3 composition
Low molecular weight glutenin subunits of glu-a3.
GluA3
Flour
Glutenin Glu-A3 composition
Glume pubescence length
Glume pubescence length on outer side of sterile glume.
GlmPubLng
Glume
Pubescence length
InfertTN Counting
Count the number of infertile tillers.
Leaf R675 Measurement
Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R675.
Leaf rust coefficient of infection
Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita.
PrecoCI
Leaf
Leaf rust coefficient of infection
g/day
Sharp eyespot incidence
Sharp eyespot incidence in the plants caused by the agent Rhizoctonia cerealis.
RcereInc
Plant
Sharp eyespot incidence
Grain number per tiller
Number of grains per tiller.
GRATIL
Tiller
Grain number
spikelet
Bacterial leaf streak severity
Bacterial leaf streak severity in the plants caused by the agent Xanthomonas translucens. The disease, called black chaff when on the glumes.
BLSSev
Leaf
Bacterial leaf streak severity
AnthExt Estimation
Standard method for anther extrusion.
Semolina color
The semolina color.
SemoCol
Semolina
Color
1-4 PRECO scale
CGR Computation
It is measured during rapid spike growth phase. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Then, CRG is the production of biomass per day between initiation of booting and seven days after anthesis. Calculated as (Biomass 7DAA/m2 - Biomass InB/m2)/Days from InB to 7DAA.
DR date Estimation
Record date of double ridge stage (DS14-15 approx.). Double ridge signifies that the plant?s main growing point will produce no more primordial leaves, and instead will produce primordial spikelets of the young spike. The dissection and observation of the main tiller apex on an optic magnifier is required.
UtritInc Estimation
Standard method for loose smut incidence.
Terminal spikelet thermal time
Thermal Time from emergence to Terminal Spikelet (GS30).
TTTS
Plant
Terminal spikelet thermal time
Grain test weight
Test weight or specific weight is the weight of a fixed volume of clean grains.
TestWt
Grain
Test weight
0-9 density scale
spikelet/spike
Leaf maximal fluorescence intensity
Maximal level of fluorescence intensity measured in the leaf.
FmDL
Leaf
Maximal fluorescence intensity
In-season aboveground biomass
All above-ground biomass at any developmental stage and/or at regular intervals from the emergence to physiological maturity.
ISBM
Plant
Aboveground biomass In-season
Cold tolerance
Plant tolerance to lower temperatures than the optimum.
ColdTol
Plant
Cold tolerance
Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results
Modified Particle Size Index AACC 55-30 or NIR calibrated based on PSI results
Barley leaf rust incidence
Barley leaf rust incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei.
PhordInc
Leaf
Barley leaf rust incidence
µm
Spike sterility index
Spike sterility observed as infertile florets.
SpkSterility
Spike
Sterility
g/m2
1-5 Phenological relative scale
Plant vigour
Capacity of the plant to grow.
PlntVig
Plant
Vigour
Insect damage
The plant damage caused by insects.
InsectDmg
Plant
Insect damage
mm2
Heading thermal time
Thermal Time from emergence to Heading (GS55).
TTH
Plant
Heading thermal time
0-12 Modified Cobb Scale
HesFlyDmg Estimation
Standard method for hessian fly damage.
0-5 Septoria Response scale
Foliar disease development
The plant damage caused by foliar diseases.
FolDis
Leaf
Foliar disease development
Nitrogen use efficiency
The grain dry mass (grain yield) production per Nitrogen available to a plant.
NUE
Grain
Nitrogen Use Efficiency
Image Analysis Screen Count3
Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.5 ? 2.2 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
FgramInc Estimation
Standard method for Fusarium graminearum incidence.
Leaf rust notes
Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita.
PrecoNote
Leaf
Leaf rust notes
GMoi Estimation
Moisture content is determined by drying a grain wheat sample in an air oven and comparing the weight of the sample before and after heating. The amount of weight loss is the moisture content. Moisture content results are expressed as a percentage.
BM Measurement
Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives.
ETR Measurement
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
RNDVI Measurement
Standard method for spectral reflectance.
Grain number per spike
Number of grains per spike.
GrnSpk
Spike
Grain number
Aphid damage
The plant damage caused by various species of aphids.
AphDmg
Plant
Aphid damage
Leaf steady-state fluorescence
The fluorescence emitting during steady state.
Fs
Leaf
Steady-state fluorescence
Spike shattering
Observation of grains dehiscence from spike at maturity.
Shattering
Spike
Shattering
CiCa Measurement
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
1-9 incidence scale
Herbicide damage
Plant damage caused by herbicide.
HerbicideDmg
Plant
Herbicide damage
Grain width
Width of whole grain.
GWid
Grain
Width
RcereInc Estimation
Main shoots are assessed for sharp eyespot disease.
DnoxiDmg Estimation
Standard method for russian wheat aphid damage.
Leaf net photosynthesis rate
Carbon fixation by photosynthesis.
Anet
Leaf
Net photosynthesis rate
GFRTT Computation
Calculated grain weight increase per degree day with climatic data where degree days are accumulating between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87) of crop cycle duration (thermal time from day1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
HtereSev Estimation
Standard method for net blotch severity.
Image Analysis Screen Mass4
Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.2 mm - 2.0 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Fruiting efficiency
The final outcome of the floret developmental rates (determining the number of floret primordia that reach the stage of fertile florets at anthesis) and the proportion of grain set per fertile floret (the opposite to grain abortion), per unit of spike weight.
FE
Spike
Fruiting efficiency
PhiCO2 Measurement
Standard method for gas exchange measurement.
Image Analysis Screen Count5
Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.0 ? 1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Septoria blotch severity
Septoria blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Septoria species.
SepSpSev
Leaf
Septoria blotch severity
InfertSpkN Counting
The number of infertile spikelets (i.e., those NOT containing grain) per spike should be counted towards the end of grain-filling, but before physiological maturity (to avoid losses due to movement through the plots). Randomly sample 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the total number of spikelets (pair-by-pair, from the base to the tip), then obtain the average.
Powdery mildew incidence
Powdery mildew incidence in the plants caused by the agent Blumeria graminis (Erysiphe graminis) f. sp. tritici.
EgramInc
Leaf
Powdery mildew incidence
InsectDmg Estimation
Standard method for insect damage.
m
FoxiWilt Estimation
Standard method for Fusarium wilt incidence.
Double ridge time
Double ridge time is just when apex changes from the vegetative to the reproductive stage.
DRidge
Plant
Double ridge time
Flag leaf lamina width
Width of flag leaf lamina.
FLeafLWid
Flag leaf lamina
Width
Net blotch incidence
Net blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (helminthosporium teres).
HtereInc
Leaf
Net blotch incidence
1-9 STRAWBREAK scale
GlmCol Estimation
Standard method for glume color.
Grain Zinc content
Content of zinc in grain.
GZinc
Grain
Zinc content
Anthesis time
Anthesis or flowering time is the period during which a flower is fully open and functional. pollination and fertilization occur during this period.
Ant
Plant
Anthesis time
FND DS31 DT Computation
Number of days from sowing to first node detectable. However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
Canopy temperature
The surface temperature of the canopy is related to the amount of transpiration resulting in evaporative cooling.
CT
Canopy
Temperature
?mol/m2/s
1-6 COLOR scale
ErlVig Estimation
Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it.
LeafPSSRa Measurement
Standard method for spectral reflectance.
SepSpResp Estimation
Standard method for Septoria species response.
Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b
Rarsb is an estimation of chlorophyll b content.
RARSb
Canopy
Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra chlorophyll b
Bread crumb structure
The cellular structure of wheat bread crumb.
CrmStr
Bread
Structure
Grain filling period
Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87).
GFP
Plant
Grain filling period
1-9 TOL scale
Leaf rust plant response
Leaf rust (brown rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita.
PrecoResp
Leaf
Leaf rust plant response
DR DT Computation
Number of days from sowing to double ridge (DS14-15 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
Spot blotch incidence
Spot blotch incidence in the plants caused by the agent Cochliobolus sativus (helminthosporium sativum).
HsatiLInc
Leaf
Spot blotch incidence
Growth stage
Growth/developmental stages based on Zadoks decimal code.
GrwStg
Plant
Growth stage
LRollInc Estimation
Standard method for leaf rolling incidence.
LeafPubDen Estimation
Standard method for leaf pubescence density.
Flag smut plant response
Flag smut disease response in the plants caused by the agent Urocystic agropyri causing flag smut disease.
UagroResp
Plant
Flag smut plant response
CTD Computation
Standard method for canopy temperature depression.
Image Analysis Screen Count1
Standard method for screening grain size distribution >2.8 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R)machine.
Take all incidence
Take-all incidence in the plants caused by the agent Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt).
GgtriInc
Plant
Take all incidence
1-5 DMG scale
STRNUp Computation
Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the straw at harvest.
GlmGlau Estimation
Standard method for glume glaucousness.
Net blotch severity
Net blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (Helminthosporium teres).
HtereSev
Leaf
Net blotch severity
1-3 SEDVTR scale
1-5 TOL scale
Leaf quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation
Quantum yield of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation.
PhiCO2
Leaf
Quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation
Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid
Rarsc is an estimation of carotenoid content.
RARSc
Canopy
Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid
GPlump Estimation
Standard method for grain plumpness.
ColeopLng Measurement
Standard method for coleoptile length.
Glume width
Width of glume.
GlmWid
Glume
Width
ml/%
Stem rust seedling response
Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici.
PgramSdlgResp
Seedling
Stem rust seedling response
HsatiLInc Estimation
Standard method for Spot blotch incidence.
Stem wall thickness
Stem wall thickness.
StmWallThk
Stem
Wall thickness
1-5 density scale
StmLng Measurement
Standard method for stem length.
SpkDis Estimation
Standard method for spike disease development.
Awns Presence
Standard method for awn presence estimation.
1-8 rust field response scale
node
Frost damage
Plant damage caused by frost.
FrostDmg
Plant
Frost damage
Amax Measurement
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
TTIB Computation
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until initiation of booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
StomaCond Measurement
Standard method for stomatal conductance.
SpkSterility Computation
Standard method for sterility index computation.
Flour protein content
Total protein content (corrected to 12.5% moisture basis) in refined flour.
FlrProt
Flour
Protein content
Southern blight plant response
Southern blight response in the plants caused by the agent Corticum rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii).
SrolfResp
Plant
Southern blight plant response
PhiPS2 Measurement
Standard method for fluorescence measurement.
delta 13C
HeatTol Estimation
Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under heat condition and rate the tolerance.
infertile tiller/m
Flour yield
Proportion of flour recovered during milling.
FlrYld
Flour
Yield
Acid soil tolerance
Plant tolerance to acid soil.
AcdTol
Plant
Acid soil tolerance
GLys Measurement
Standard method for grain lysine content.
FrostDmg Estimation
Score the damage caused by frost per plot.
Emer DS10 date Estimation
Record date of when 50% of seedlings have emerged (DS10).
0-5 TANSPOT field response scale
RootDis Estimation
Standard method for root disease development.
AphDmg Estimation
Standard method for aphid damage.
Fusarium head blight grain incidence
Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp.
FHBGInc
Grain
Fusarium head blight grain incidence
AtritResp Estimation
Standard method for Alternaria leaf blight field response.
FvDA Measurement
Variable fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf.
Stripe rust plant response
Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
PstriResp
Leaf
Stripe rust plant response
%/min
SuPDmg Estimation
Standard method for suni pest damage.
1-3 GLMCOL scale
FHBSpkResp Estimation
Standard method for FHB spike response.
Crop ground cover
Crop ground cover, or the percentage of soil surface covered by plant foliage.
GrndCov
Plant
Ground cover
SN Computation
Calculated from yield components sampling.
Ant damage
The plant damage caused by ants.
AntDmg
Plant
Ant damage
ppm
TTM Computation
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until physiological maturity (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
Stripe rust seedling response
Stripe rust (yellow rust) response in the seedlings caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
PstriSdlgResp
Seedling
Stripe rust seedling response
GrwCls Estimation
Classification of vernalization responsive growth habit as winter, facultative or spring wheat
µmol CO2/m2/s
PrecoResp Estimation
Standard method for leaf rust response.
1-4 HRDCLS scale
SepSPInc Estimation
Standard method for Septoria species incidence.
BTol Estimation
The response of a cultivar or genotype is expressed on a score 1-9, where 1= highly susceptible and 9 = highly tolerant, based on the extent of bronze colored necrosis of leaf tips extending down the leaf margins
1-5 Septoria response scale
StomaSiz Measurement
Standard method for stomatal size.
Grain weight per spike
Grain weight per spike.
SpkGW
Spike
Grain weight
Straw color
Color of straw.
StrawCol
Straw
Color
Bread loaf volume
Baking quality of flour describing bread loaf volume.
LofVol
Bread
Loaf volume
WormDmg Estimation
Standard method for worm damage.
GCol Estimation
Standard method for grain color.
FLeafLLng Measurement
Standard method for flag leaf lamina length.
scale_of
FvLAFmLA measurement
Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a light adapted leaf.
infertile tiller/m2
g/l
Harvest index
A ratio of grain yield to total above ground biomass.
HI
Plant
Biomass partitioning to grain
0-9 scoring scale
day
GlmPubLng Measurement
Standard method for glume pubescence length.
Fusarium graminearum plant response
Fusarium graminearum response in the plants.
FgramResp
Spike
Fusarium graminearum plant response
AntDmg Estimation
Standard method for ant damage.
TilSpSpkInc Estimation
Common bunt incidence is usually expressed as the percentage of bunted spikes within a row.
MgrisSev Estimation
Standard method for wheat blast severity.
spike/m2
Cookie spread factor
The ratio between average height and width of cookies.
CookSdF
Cookie
Spread factor
PlntVig Estimation
Observe vigour of the plants per plot/entry and rate it.
PedLng Measurement
Standard method for peduncle length.
Leaf R750/R550 Measurement
Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/R550.
StomaRes Measurement
Standard method for stomatal resistance.
Septoria tritici blotch severity
Septoria tritici blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). symptoms: the lesions are linear and restricted laterally.
StritSev
Plant
Septoria tritici blotch severity
FgramResp Estimation
Standard method for Fusarium graminearum response.
Common bunt spike incidence
Common bunt (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia species.
TilSpSpkInc
Spike
Common bunt spike incidence
grain/m2
Bird damage
The plant damage caused by birds.
BirdDmg
Plant
Bird damage
LeafWid Measurement
Standard method for leaf width.
GYellBer Measurement
Standard method for yellow berry incidence.
GrnSpl Computation
Sample as for spikelets per spike randomly select 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the spikelets, thresh, count grains, and calculate, or less accurately simply calculate from calculated grains per spike and measured spikelet number.
Stripe rust incidence
Stripe rust (yellow rust) incidence in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.
PstriInc
Leaf
Stripe rust incidence
Drought tolerance
Plant tolerance to drought conditions.
DroughtTol
Plant
Drought tolerance
PstriSpkSev Estimation
Severity of rust in spike is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection.
1-6 SPKTYPE scale
Grain Nitrogen utilization efficiency
Nitrogen utilization efficiency as the grain dry mass in relation to the total amount of Nitrogen in above-ground plant at harvest.
NutE
Grain
Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency
Flour color
Flour color.
FlrCol
Flour
Color
g/200 grain
PhotopResp Estimation
Observe the tendency of flowering according day-length
TTB Computation
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until booting (thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
s/m
variable_of
AcdTol Estimation
Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a low pH (acid) soil field and rate the tolerance.
TN Counting
Count or calculate the number of total tillers (fertile and infertile) per lineal meter, per plant or per square meter.
RachLng Measurement
Standard method for rachis length.
Leaf length
Length of leaf.
LeafLng
Leaf
Length
FoDA Measurement
Minimal level of fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf.
0-1 absent-present
GrwHabit Estimation
Observe the growth habit of wheat plants during tillering stages and rate whether erect/semi-erect/prostrate/semi-spreading/spreading
Ci Computation
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
Fusarium head blight spike response
Fusarium head blight (scab) spike response caused by the agent fusarium spp.
FHBSpkResp
Spike
Fusarium head blight spike response
GWid Measurement
Standard method for whole grain width.
Image Analysis Screen Mass1
Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains greater than 2.8 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Leaf R550 Measurement
Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R550.
FlrYld Measurement
Standard method for flour yield.
Leaf R750/R700 Measurement
Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/700.
1-3 GRNCOL scale
Glume pubescence density
Glume hairiness density on outer side of sterile glume.
GlmPubDen
Glume
Pubescence density
GVtr Estimation
Standard method for seed vitreousness.
LeafTNecro Estimation
Leaf tip necrosis is observed and rated in percentage.
Barley stripe mosaic incidence
Barley stripe mosaic incidence in the plants caused by barley stripe mosaic virus.
BSMV
Plant
Barley stripe mosaic incidence
s
kg/plot
1-3 STRAWStrength
Germ Measurement
Laboratory seed test for germination should be carried out before seeding to calculate seeding rates or determine the status of storage seed. The percentage of seeds capable of producing normal seedlings under ordinarily favorable conditions (not including seeds which produce weak, malformed, or obviously abnormal sprouts), determined by methods ISTA seed testing protocols.
FolDis Estimation
Standard method for foliar disease development.
FgramSev Estimation
Standard method for Fusarium graminearum severity.
g/plot
Dough alveograph value L
L value is the extensibility of the dough before the bubble breaks. it is indicated by the length of the curve.
AlvL
Dough
Alveograph value L
Grain yield factor
Yield factor.
GYFac
Grain
Yield factor
AgrScr Estimation
For agronomic score observe visually detectable signs of factors limiting yields and rate.
TSPI Computation
True Stem Coefficient = True stem DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of true stem is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant.
SpkGW Measurement
Dry grains at 70oC and weigh.
TSpl DT Computation
Number of days from sowing to terminal spikelet (DS25-30 approx.). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
Boot DS39 DT Computation
Number of days from sowing to initiation of booting (DS39-DS41). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.
1-5 GLUTYP scale
Canopy normalized difference vegetation index
Normalized difference vegetation index is used to measure vegetative greenness and canopy photosynthetic size.
NDVI
Canopy
Normalized difference vegetation index
0-8 Rust infection type
0-5 FHB field response scale
FHBSpkInc Estimation
Standard method for FHB spike incidence.
Asat Measurement
Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.
Eyespot plant response
Eye spot response in the plants caused by the fungal species Tapesia yallundae (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoide w-type) and Tapesia acuformis (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides r-type). Symptoms: the eye shape elliptical lesions forms on lower base of stem and lower leaf sheath. The eyespots are straw yellow in color from the middle and are surrounded by the greenish brown to dark brown rings.
PherpResp
Plant
Eyespot plant response
1-5 GHABIT scale
RLNDmg Estimation
Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic.
GSurfA_Measurement
Marvin method for whole surface area.
BirdDmg Estimation
Standard method for bird damage.
Awn length
Awn length.
AwnLng
Awn
Length
tiller/plant
RSpkGP Computation
Phase period where the spike growth the most regarding the whole crop cycle and can be calculated as (anthesis date-initiation of booting date)/days to maturity *100.
Grain appearance
Appearance of a single grain.
GApp
Grain
Appearance
Grain retention
Proportion of big grain remaining above the sieve.
GReten
Grain
Retention proportion
Peduncle length
Length of peduncle.
PedLng
Peduncle
Length
TTTS Computation
Calculated with climatic data where degree days are accumulating since emergence until terminal spikelet(thermal time from da1+day2+day3...). To calculate daily thermal time= (Temperature max + Temperature min)/2.
Above ground biomass nitrogen efficiency
The above ground biomass production per total Nitrogen available to a plant.
BMNUE
Plant
Nitrogen Use Efficiency
GlmPubDen Estimation
Standard method for glume pubescence density.
Black point incidence
Black point incidence in the plants caused by the fungal species such as Helminthosporium sativum (Cochliobolus sativus), Alternaria alternata and fusarium spp. also black point symptoms are associated to physiological disorders.
BlkPtInc
Grain
Black point incidence
Threshblty Estimation
Observe threshability by hand threshing of one or two spikes and rate it according how easily grains are separated from the rachis and glumes using 1 (hard to thresh) to 9 (easy to thresh) scale.
Agronomic score
Rating of overall agronomic attributes and health of plants.
AgrScr
Plant
Phenotypic acceptability
plant/ha
PthornDmg Estimation
Above-ground symptoms of root lesion nematodes are often indistinct and difficult to identify, but include poor vigor, stunted growth, poor tillering, and wilting in response to moisture stress. Often, crop growth in an infected field will be irregular or patchy. Below ground, cereal roots will display generalized root browning, with lesions rapidly coalescing to produce extensive areas of discoloration. Lesions are only readily observed on the roots in the very early stages of infection. Lateral roots will be reduced in both length and number, and the root system may be thin and poorly branched or appear necrotic.
Canopy temperature depression
Difference between ambient temperature and canopy temperature.
CTD
Canopy
Temperature depression
Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence
Fusarium head blight (scab) spikelets incidence caused by the agent fusarium spp.
FHBSplInc
Spikelet
Fusarium head blight spikelet incidence
GY Relative to check Computation
Calculate grain yield of an entry as percentage over a local check.
kg/hl
Dough alveograph value W
Dough strength by alveograph. W value is the area under the curve. it is a combination of dough strength (p value) and extensibility (l value).
AlvW
Dough
Alveograph value W
Spike length
Length of spike.
SpkLng
Spike
Length
GSize Estimation
Visual observation of grains size.
Image Analysis Screen Mass3
Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.5 mm - 2.2 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Spike partitioning index
Spike partitioning index.
SpkPI
Spike
Partitioning index
TanSpotInc Estimation
Standard method for tan spot incidence in adult plants.
Maturity time
Maturity time starts at hard dough stage (ds87) often called physiological maturity.
Mat
Plant
Maturity time
Aluminum tolerance
Plant tolerance to aluminum.
AlTol
Plant
Aluminum tolerance
g/degree C day
Shattering Estimation
Standard method for spike shattering.
GYFac Computation
Standard method for yield factor
SLA Measurement
Leaf area of flag leaf or all laminas is measured. Then the leaves are oven dried at 60-70oC for 48h and the dry weight is recorded. Then, the specific leaf area is calculated as the ratio of leaf area to dry mass SLA= leaf area/dry mass.
Tilletia laevis bunt incidence
Bunt incidence in the plants caused by the agent Tilletia laevis (stinking bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, complete bunt, low bunt, high bunt).
TlaevInc
Spike
Tilletia laevis bunt incidence
HNecro Estimation
Some forms of spotting and necrosis result from chromosomal instability or genetic aberrations, these disorders are known as hybrid necrosis. Affected plants show differing degrees of necrosis, often associated with stunting or dwarf clumping. Hybrid necrosis usually is observed in early generation material, and affected progeny are eliminated
BM Computation
Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives.
Infertile spike number
Number of infertile spikelet per spike.
InfertSpkN
Spike
Number
Snail damage
The plant damage caused by snails.
SnailDmg
Plant
Snail damage
1-5 incidence scale
TcontInc Estimation
Standard method for dwarf bunt incidence.
0-9 AnthExt
GThk Measurement
Standard method for whole grain thickness.
Grain Iron content
Content of iron in grain.
GIron
Grain
Iron content
grain/spikelet
FLeafSen Estimation
Rate using a scale from 0 (0% senescence) to 10 (100% senescence) using the guide, in increments of 10%.
SpkDW Computation
Standard spike dry weight method.
RUET Computation
Measurement of Radiation Use Efficiency as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla.
GlmLng Measurement
Standard method for glume length.
Grain filling period thermal time
Time period between anthesis (ds65) and maturity (ds87) in thermal time.
GFPTT
Plant
Grain filling period thermal time
tiller/m
PlntStnd Computation
Calculate number of plant per area.
WMFlrAsh Estimation
Standard method for ash content in whole meal flour.
PrecoInc Estimation
Standard method for leaf rust incidence.
NupE Computation
Calculated as above ground biomass Nitrogen content divided by soil Nitrogen
Straw yield
Amount (weight) of straw.
StrawYld
Straw
Yield
BM NIRS Computation
Calculated as sum of straw Nitrogen content and grain Nitrogen content according to the biomass partition into straw and grain.
Canopy simple ratio
A vegetation index related with canopy structure, light absorption and photosynthetic capacity.
SR
Canopy
Simple ratio
1-3 STDEST scale
SnailDmg Estimation
Standard method for snail damage.
Leaf rolling incidence
Incidence of leaf rolling, usually scored under drought stress.
LRollInc
Leaf
Rolling incidence
Stem rust plant response
Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici.
PgramResp
Plant
Stem rust plant response
g/100 grain
FlrFN Measurement
1. A 7-gram sample of ground wheat or flour is weighed and combined with 25 milliliter of distilled water in a glass falling number tube with a stirrer and shaken to form a slurry. When grinding a wheat sample to perform a falling number test, it should be at least 300 grams to assure a representative sample, 2. As the slurry is heated in a boiling water bath at 100° Centigrade and stirred constantly, the starch gelatinizes and forms a thick paste, 3. The time it takes the stirrer to drop through the paste is recorded as the falling number value.
Fusarium head blight DON content
Content of deoxynivalenol or don (vomitoxin) that is often associated with fhb (fusarium spp.) infected grains.
FHBDON
Grain
Fusarium head blight DON content
GrwStg Zadoks Estimation
Observe the growth stage or development stage (DS) of wheat plants using the Zadoks scale decimal code, based on 10 major stages, with each stage divided into sub-stages.
StritInc Estimation
Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch incidence.
GPhos Measurement
Standard method for grain phosphorus content.
SpkPho Computation
Textile treatment is used to inhibit photosynthesis of the spikes through shading(comparison between control and treated spikes). Randomly selected spikes (for example: 12 spikes) per plot are covered with a special designed textile 10 days after anthesis under irrigation and drought or 10 days after heading under heat environments. Then, at physiological maturity the spikes are harvested together with 12 control spikes and the number of grains and weight are recorded and compared the treated spikes with the control ones (Sanchez-Bragado et al., 2016).
Plant growth habit
The growth habit of the plant whether erect/semi-erect/semi-spreading/spreading/prostrate.
GrwHabit
Plant
Growth habit
1-5 TANSPOT field response scale
1-3 SIZE scale
BMNUE Computation
Calculated as the above ground biomass divided by the total soil Nitrogen.
FvDAFmLA measurement
Maximum quantum yield of PSII measured from a dark adapted leaf.
method_of
Image Analysis Screen Mass2
Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that fall between 2.8 mm - 2.5 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.
Image Analysis Screen Mass6
Measurement of grain size distribution based on the percent mass of the grains that are below 1.6 mm based on screenings using the Seed Count (SC5000R) machine.