attribute CaryoShp_Comp_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI GrnWt_10Wgh_g GRWT Jeffrey Detras IRRI GRNWT SpHill_CM_SpH Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI ColeoAnth_Est_1to5 PanBasBrDist_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI dist_post CulmDiam_WildAv_1or2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CMD RTungroSev_GHComp_Pct Jeffrey Detras IRRI RTD1 TFlwT_CM_d Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI PanSh_Est_1to9 PSH THR_SCOR_1_3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmNodAnth_PresEst_1to9 7 0% covered 1 085 2 NUMBER_OF_PANICLES PanNo_Est_1to5 PNO Jeffrey Detras IRRI 040 2 5 11-15% SpkFer_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras SpFert SPKF SPIKELET_FERTILITY IRRI No injury or fewer than 10% of plants have injured tillers 0 No symptom observed 1 3 Easy: >50% of grains removed Less than 11% 9 IRRI FL1Sla_CM_cm2g Julie Pasuquin 2 gold Julie Pasuquin IRRI SpSter_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI CulmTP_CM_r 0 000 3 Half spindle-shaped 0 000 IRRI BPHDam_GH1_0to9 BPH Jeffrey Detras Erect 1 Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves 9 BakInc Jeffrey Detras IRRI BakInc_Est_1to9 Weak 3 Broad spindle-shaped lesion with yellow, brown, or purple margin 7 60-79% 3 early 3 PDMin_IA_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin 4 052 Brown (tawny) Vigorous, fast growing, most plants with 4-5 leaves and 1-2 tillers 3 060 4 1-2% 1 7-9 sensitive TMatT_CM_d Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI Clk_Vis_0to9 LfWdt_Av_cm LW Jeffrey Detras IRRI IRRI PhenAcc_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras PHENOTYPIC_ACCEPTABILITY HDG FLW HeadT_80Comp_d Jeffrey Detras IRRI 1 Erect 7 late CulmStr_EstSES_1to9 CS Jeffrey Detras IRRI CUST 5 061 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI AlkInj_Est_1to9 ALK 1 straw IRRI ENDO Jeffrey Detras EndoType_Est_1to3 IRRI ANL AwLng_CultMax_0to9 Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin IRRI SGr_CM_pct PanExs_EstMStrl_1to9 PEX Jeffrey Detras IRRI EXS 8 Absent 1 pollen and spikelets both 90% fertile or above 1 GLH GLhDam_EstGH_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI MSTERILE POLLEN_STERILITY MaleSter_Comp_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI EInt_Av_Ino Jeffrey Detras IRRI LemaShp_Est_0to3 SLSH Soft 81-100 mm 1 5 Lesion partially around the base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part of panicle axis near the base 5 Medium 7 strong Julie Pasuquin IRRI FLA_CM_cm2 1 010 LfBlastDam_EstScr_0to9 Jeffrey Detras BLAST IRRI 6 TDM_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfBladAnth_DistEst_1to4 9 Present RTungroSev_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI RTD1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CaryoLng_Av_mm 3 1-10% Jeffrey Detras IRRI LigLng_Av_mm LIGULE_LENGTH IRRI LfFolderDam_EstSingleLead_0to3 LEAFFOLDER Jeffrey Detras Truncate 3 2 STEM_BORER_DAMAGE Jeffrey Detras IRRI StemBorer_YellowEst_0to9 9 Extra long 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying Jeffrey Detras IRRI CaryoWdt_Av_1to7 IRRI FL1Dw_Av_g Julie Pasuquin pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile 6 Jeffrey Detras LMPUB IRRI LfMargPub_Est_1to2 Julie Pasuquin StDM_Av_g IRRI 3 pollen 90% fertile or above, spikelets 75-89% fertile No incidence 0 40-59% 5 GYplt_Av_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI Very strong 9 Partially sterile (70%-94.9%) 7 PanD_Calc_Panm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI Julie Pasuquin GrLng_MM_mm IRRI 3 1-5% NBLS Jeffrey Detras NBLSDam_Est_0to9 IRRI 5 Intermediate FLA Jeffrey Detras IRRI FlgLfAng_EarlAv_1to7 Julie Pasuquin IRRI GY_CM_kgplot LEAFFOLDER LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin Int2L_Av_cm IRRI IRRI PlntVg_VegEst_1to9 VG Jeffrey Detras Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile) 9 BPH Jeffrey Detras IRRI BPHDam_GH_0to9 IRRI BRR_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin pbra Jeffrey Detras IRRI PanBrArr_Est_1or2 8 STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH Jeffrey Detras IRRI StrLmLng_AvShort_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI TilPlt_Av_TillPlt IRRI AP_Lab_1to9 AP Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras IRRI HeadT_50Est_1to7 HDG FLW All plants dead 9 3 Early (all leaves have lost their green colour at harvest) Julie Pasuquin IRRI Rs_LCPro_invm Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmINodAnth_Est_0to2 IRRI PRT BRiceProtCt_Meas_Pct Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_Pct LEAFFOLDER 3 short Julie Pasuquin IRRI USpD_CM_spk medium 5 Red 6 31-60% 7 CollCol_Est_RD0to4 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CC More than 50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange discoloration 9 CollAnth_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI IRRI FL1W_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin LIGULE_SHAPE LigShp_Est_1to2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 2 Upper quarter only AWCO ANC Jeffrey Detras IRRI AwCol_ImmatEst_IRRI0to8 6 LG Jeffrey Detras LodInc_Meas_pct IRRI IRRI GrLng_Av_mm GRL Jeffrey Detras 11 100 000 0 51-100% 9 0-4.9% seed set 9 26-50% infected panicles 7 1 Very weak Julie Pasuquin IRRI PithD_CM_mm 8 EXS Jeffrey Detras IRRI PEX PanExs_Est_1to9 1-5% 1 7 Long CulmLng_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CML Julie Pasuquin IRRI CanH_Av_cm IRRI GY_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI TFlwS_CM_d Julie Pasuquin AwLng_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI ANL 21-30% 5 Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves whitish and rolled 3 Medium 5.51-6.6 mm 5 4 Strong 7 31-50% 5 Julie Pasuquin DMatS_CM_d IRRI 050 2 1 Truncate 2 9 All plants dead DhtInj_EstDry_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI DRS_DRY_0_9 7 Partially sterile (70%-94.9%) BApAnth_MatEst_0to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Lightly scented 1 PanLng_MatAv_RD1to9 PNL Jeffrey Detras IRRI 7 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. IRRI Julie Pasuquin TilD_CM_Tillm2 Very slight injury 1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI SCT Sct_SmellCook_0to2 No damage 0 1 Vegetative crown RAGGED_STUNT RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI KeelAnth_MatEst_0to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI HDR Jeffrey Detras IRRI HdR_Comp_Perc Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfBlastDam_EstAmt_0to9 BLAST LIGULE_PUBESCENCE Jeffrey Detras IRRI LigPub_Est_1to3 6-25% 5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LmPCol_MatEst_IRRI1to11 3 95-99% Julie Pasuquin Gs_LCPro_mol IRRI LfAng_Est_SES1to9 LEAF_ANGLE Jeffrey Detras IRRI RICE_BUG_DAMAGE RBugDam_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 9 Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface) 9 All plants dead Julie Pasuquin IRRI Tr_LCPro_mmol 50% of the kernel with chalkiness 3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI ANP AwPres_WildEst_0to2 Small roundish to slightly elongated, necrotic gray spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter, with a distinct brown margin. Lesions are mostly found on the lower leaves. 2 Brown (tawny) 5 2 062 Kernel swollen with collar incomplete or narrow, high-intermediate gel temp 3 081 4 9 Present 5 Partly sterile 50-74% Jeffrey Detras FlgLfAng_LateAv_1to7 IRRI FLA 3 brown furrows Weak 3 StemBorer_WhiteHeadEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI STEM_BORER_DAMAGE PlntHt_Meas_1to9 HT Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI MRR_CM_pct AL AnLt_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin PithA_IA_mm2 IRRI FGW_MM_g1000gr TGW 1000GW Julie Pasuquin IRRI 070 5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LEAF_LENGTH LfLng_Av_1to9 3 Short <30 cm StCWC_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI 3 Upper half only 060 061 3 LfLng_Av_cm LEAF_LENGTH Jeffrey Detras IRRI IRRI ANC AwCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to9 AWCO Jeffrey Detras 80-100% 1 Short 3 0 Leaves healthy PltH_MAT_cm_MM PltH_FLW_cm_MM Jeffrey Detras IRRI HT PlntHt_Av_cm PltH_15DAF_cm_MM More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 StSUC_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI LfWdt_Av_1to7 LW Jeffrey Detras IRRI 4 dark brown 6 3 Tip drying extended up to 1/4 length in most leaves IRRI OutXExt_Comp_1to9 Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras SPIKELET_STERILITY IRRI SpkSter_Comp_1to9 5 Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area 1 Very weak No symptom observed 1 IRRI GLH GLhDam_EstFld_0to9 Jeffrey Detras Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying 7 Pubescent 3 DRS_DRY_0_9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI DhtInj_EstRoll_0to9 1 80-100% GLO GlOp_Av_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI IRRI Julie Pasuquin SpD_CM_spk LfBlastDam_EstTyp_0to9 BLAST Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmAng_Est_SES1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CMA_CO_1_9 0 No damage observed 2 Truncate 12-25% 7 Absent 0 BLSAnth_Est_1to9 BLSCO_ANTH Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI CwallA_CM_mm2 YellowMottleSev_Est_0to9 YELLOW_MOTTLE Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI CaryoWdt_Av_mm 1 Light Green Jeffrey Detras IRRI CMD CulmDiam_Av_1to7 StNSC_AM_mgg IRRI Julie Pasuquin StgmCol_Est_1to5 IRRI STIGMA_COLOR Jeffrey Detras 9 100 Julie Pasuquin IRRI PanT_Av_degC PS_LCPro_umol Julie Pasuquin IRRI 0-49% 9 8 087 5 061 Light green 1 Pointed IRRI GelTemp_PkTemp_Deg GelTemp Jeffrey Detras IRRI ApCol_MatEst_IRRI1to9 APC Jeffrey Detras Growth and tillering nearly normal 1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI YELLOW_DWARF YellowDwarfSev_Est_0to9 PericCol_Exam_1to7IRRI Jeffrey Detras SCCO IRRI Medium 5 LSEN Jeffrey Detras LfSen_Est_1to9 IRRI SEN_CO_1_9 1 Absent 030 1 9 More than 50% infected panicles StrLmLng_AvShort_1to9 STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH Jeffrey Detras IRRI 6 062 StrLmCol_Est_1to4 STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR Jeffrey Detras IRRI Extra vigorous, very fast growing, most plants with 5-6 leaves and 2 or more tillers 1 1 No disease observed 9 Round IRRI SHB ShBltInc_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 5 Medium 7 Strong GRAIN_THICKNESS Jeffrey Detras GrThk_Av_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI RGSV1 RGSV1Sev_Index_Pct Growth and tillering nearly normal 1 AurShp_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfBladPub_WildEst_1to4 LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE PanThr_Est_1to9 PTH Jeffrey Detras IRRI THR_SCOR_1_3 4 7 26-50% IRRI AerA_IA_mm2 Julie Pasuquin medium 5 3 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with few small tillers. 61-80% 7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI ChrNo_Count_Chr IRRI StLIG_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin Julie Pasuquin IRRI GY_CM_kgha 26-50% 7 Julie Pasuquin IRRI LDWplt_Av_g Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers. 5 7 Long Jeffrey Detras IRRI RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9 RGSV2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI GrnWt_100Wgh_g GRNWT GRWT Julie Pasuquin IRRI TiFlwT_CM_d 3 052 Brown (tawny) 9 76-100% PnT PanTyp_Est_SES1to3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI StDM_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI Julie Pasuquin GYplt_CM_g IRRI 7 Broad GrT_MM_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI Poor 7 Leaves turn yellow or orange, more than 75% height reduction, no flowering or some plants dead 9 7 51-75% 2 BBDam_EstFld1_1to9 Jeffrey Detras BB IRRI 9 Very long >40 cm 5 All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both Julie Pasuquin IRRI CulmD_IA_mm LfBladAnth_PresEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 4 purple spots 7 Broad 6-12% 3 IRRI HI_CM_r Julie Pasuquin 1 1-5% 8 Best elongation response 1 2 light brown Jeffrey Detras IRRI ANCO AnCo_Est_1to2 PDWplt_Av_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI 7 11-20% 1-10% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration 3 Julie Pasuquin SDMin_Av_mm IRRI MaleSterGp_Est_1to6 MALE_STERILITY_GROUP Jeffrey Detras IRRI BB Jeffrey Detras IRRI BBDam_EstFld_1to9 Weak 3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LmPPub_Est_UPOV1to9 LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE Small roundish to slightly elongated necrotic sporulating spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter with a distinct brown margin or yellow halo 3 No symptom observed 1 WBPH WBPH_EstGH_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Similar to that of elongating semidwarf e.g. IR11141-6-1-4 5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI BApAnth_ImmatEst_0to7 MaleSter_UPOVEst_1to3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI POLLEN_STERILITY MSTERILE IRRI BPHDam_GH3_0to9 Jeffrey Detras BPH 9 81-100% Julie Pasuquin CDMaj_Av_mm IRRI PTH PanThr_Est_1to3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI THR_SCOR_1_3 1-10% 1 Julie Pasuquin IRRI GFR_CM_gday 030 3 IRRI CulmPP_CM_r Julie Pasuquin HFSpPan_CM_SpPan Julie Pasuquin IRRI 080 4 1 above 70% CulmA_IA_mm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI PNL Jeffrey Detras PanLng_MatAv_UPOV1to3 Easy 51-100% 9 late 7 Fair 5 absent 1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfBladPub_CultEst_UPOV1to7 LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE 1/3 to 1/2 of leaves injured 5 7 31-60% 7 26-40% covered 9 0-49% 1-3% 2 5 Highly fertile >90% RICE_DELPHACID RDelphDam_EstFld_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI STEM_ROT StmRotInc_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI RDelphDam_EstGH_0to9 RICE_DELPHACID ApAnth_MatEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI StPRO_AM_mgg IRRI HfGW_Av_g1000gr THfGW Julie Pasuquin 4 6-10% 5-9.9% seed set 7 IRRI CulmD_CM_mm Julie Pasuquin 3 080 Purple NOCO Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmNodUndCol_Est_0to2 LIGULE_SHAPE LigShp_CultEst_RD0to3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI RtD_Win_mm 1 Very slight damage Split or segmented with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp 5 0 Non-scented LigCol_CultEst_0to5 LIGULE_COLOR Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI UfraDam_Est_0to9 UFRA 51-100% 9 Jeffrey Detras LmPCol_ImmatEst_1to13 IRRI 2 060 Pan2ndBr_Est_0to3 SECONDARY_BRANCHING_OF_PANICLES Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras UDBATTA_DISEASE IRRI UDInc_Est_0to9 Distinctly yellow and narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers. 5 KneeAb_EstAng_1to9 Jeffrey Detras KNEEING_ABILITY IRRI Less than 1% 1 1 Strong no bending IRRI LfT_LCPro_degC Julie Pasuquin 2 Scalloped or toothed IRRI RtL_Win_cm Julie Pasuquin 11-30% 5 HFSpY_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI Rolling of entire length of all leaves, pronounced yellowing 7 CMN IRRI Jeffrey Detras CulmNo_Av_Culm 7 36-50% Jeffrey Detras IRRI CaryoLng_MeasSES_1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI BS BS_Est_0to9 HFSpPct_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI 5 Open ~40 degrees SCT Sct_SmellUncook_0to2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 7 50-74% 5 Medium ZDEF Jeffrey Detras IRRI ZnDefInj_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras LmPPub_Est_IRRI1to5 IRRI LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE Julie Pasuquin FLDw_Av_g IRRI AerN_IA_Aer Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI CulmSP_CM_r Julie Pasuquin 1 Less than 1% DRT7_DRY_0_9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI DhtRecov_Est_0to9 RHIZOME_FORMATION Jeffrey Detras IRRI RhyzForm_Est_1to6 7 Spreading (>60-80 degrees, culms not resting on the ground) 1 Very short <11 cm reddish brown 4 Julie Pasuquin IRRI LfST_CM_mm Long 141-155 cm 7 Weak 3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI APC ApCol_MatEst_SES1to7 Narrow <1 cm 3 RGSV2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI RGSV2Sev_Index_Pct 0 Absent 053 5 086 1 StgExers_Comp_1to9 STIGMA_EXSERTION Jeffrey Detras IRRI BPHDam_GH2_0to9 BPH Jeffrey Detras IRRI AwPres_Est_0to9 ANP Jeffrey Detras IRRI 3 Leaves partly folded in deep V-shape PnT Jeffrey Detras IRRI PanTyp_Est_UPOV1to9 9 Extra long SpkFer_Est_1to5 SpFert SPKF SPIKELET_FERTILITY Jeffrey Detras IRRI No injury 0 3 Medium straw 1 6 red Clk_Cerv_cerv IRRI Jeffrey Detras 5 medium 2 PBSev_Comp_Pct PB Jeffrey Detras IRRI FSpProp_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI very strong 9 Julie Pasuquin IRRI FSpPan_Av_SpPan GELC GelC_Meas_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI 1 010 Julie Pasuquin IRRI FL1L_Av_cm 7 31-60% 4 Julie Pasuquin FerTil_CM_pct IRRI 5 medium Jeffrey Detras IRRI CTOL ColdSens_VegEst_0to9 Weak, plants somewhat stunted 7 Jeffrey Detras BB IRRI BBDam_EstFld2_1to9 Rolling of terminal 1/2 area of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd leaves, yellowing of leaf tips 5 black 6 GRW Jeffrey Detras IRRI GrWdt_Meas_1to7 Julie Pasuquin CI_LCPro_ppm IRRI IRRI GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE GallMidgeDam_EstFld_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI PhenReac_Est_1to7 Jeffrey Detras 4 reddish brown CDef_CM_r Julie Pasuquin IRRI AWCO Jeffrey Detras IRRI ANC AwCol_ImmatEst_SES0to6 7 Dark 2 Smooth 011 Whitish 1 NUMBER_OF_PANICLES PNO Jeffrey Detras IRRI PanNo_Count_PanPlnt Growth and tillering severely retarded, about half of all leaves brown or yellow 5 61% and above 9 3 089 7 080 CulmINodAnth_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CC Jeffrey Detras IRRI CollCol_Est_SES0to3 Emarginate 4 000 0 All plants dead 9 2 Stressed StmElong_Esr_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI ELONGATION 8 7 Long (~70 cm) 1 No symptom observed 0 No injury 020 2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CMD CulmDiam_CultAv_1or2 3 Semi-erect (semi-compact) Weak 3 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 Poorest elongation, or none, like non-elongating semidwarf e.g. IR42 9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI PDef_FldEst_1to9 P1 KeelAnth_ImmatEst_0to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 7 Descending Strong 7 Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile) 9 LfFolderDam_EstFld_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LEAFFOLDER Partially hirsute: hairs covering less than 50% of the ligule 2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI PANICLE_AXIS PanAxAtt_Est_UPOV1to2 IRRI THRIPS ThripDam_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 3 Semi-erect (intermediate) Julie Pasuquin StASH_AM_mgg IRRI IRRI AerD_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin FLW_MM_cm FGLW FlgLfWdt_Av_cm Jeffrey Detras IRRI 070 Red 4 Intermediate 2 062 9 Julie Pasuquin CulmP_CM_r IRRI IRRI FlgLfAng_WildAv_1to7 FLA Jeffrey Detras 5 Sterile (95%-98.9%) Intermediate most plants moderately bending 5 3 080 Absent 0 9 More than 75% of leaf area affected 3 Narrow 0 No injury 20-29 degrees 7 9 Very late (all leaves still green at harvest) Strong 7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI BLS BLS_Est_0to9 Intermediate (lowland: 110-130 cm, upland: 90-125 cm) 5 5 6-25% (apical and some marginal lesions) Lesions on several pedicels or secondary branches 1 Absent 1 Absent 0 Jeffrey Detras PB IRRI PBInc_Est_0to9 052 3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI PANICLE_AXIS PanAxAtt_Est_SES1to4 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CMD CulmDiam_CultAv_mm FlwDate_1stFlw_Date FLW_DATE Jeffrey Detras IRRI Stunting slight, tillering decreased, some basal leaves brown or yellow 3 7 Leaves yellow or orange yellow, plants moderately stunted, floweringvery much delayed 6 054 Semi-upright 2 020 Straw 1 DRS_DRY_0_9 Jeffrey Detras DhtInj_EstSpkFert_0to9 IRRI Intermediate (~50 cm) 5 5 Long spindle-shaped 7 Weak, plants somewhat stunted, most plants with 3-4 leaves and no tillers in thin population 2 Scented IRRI Jeffrey Detras GrYld_Comp_kgha GrYld_Comp_kgha 8 Leaves pale yellow or yellow and 26-75% of height reduction, floweringdelayed 7 1 Less than 1% more than 75% 9 Hairs on lemma keel 2 Hard 36-40 mm 4 APC Jeffrey Detras IRRI ApCol_ImmatEst_IRRI1to9 062 2 7 Abortion at trinucleate stage of pollen (CMS-boro type) Jeffrey Detras PanLng_ImmatAv_cm IRRI PNL Jeffrey Detras IRRI CTOL ColdSens_FlwEst_0to9 5 070 0 None awnless Normal 5 000 0 8 087 BLSCO_ANTH BLSAnth_Est_1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI LG LodInc_Est_1to9 Horizontal 7 SMTwp_CM_mb Julie Pasuquin IRRI LmPColOrn_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI No injury 0 0 No infection observed 7 Strong 9 Very long >180 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LEAFFOLDER LfFolderDam_CompRating_Pct TMat_Meas_d MAT Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI PB PBDam_Est_0to9 2 Scented Julie Pasuquin IRRI RtA_Win_cm2 TFlwE_CM_d Julie Pasuquin IRRI 5 medium 3 Leaves slightly yellow, plants slightly stunted, flowering slightly delayed Jeffrey Detras IRRI DATE_SEED SdDate_Meas_Date 26-50% 7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CaryoShp_Est_1to5 ORAC_MM_trol Julie Pasuquin IRRI 5 Intermediate 106 -120 cm 081 3 highly sensitive 8-9 Descending 7 First and 2nd leaves yellowing 3 31-60% 7 few 1 Entire 1 3 weak Julie Pasuquin DrG_Est_sc1to5 IRRI 5 purple Purple furrows on straw 8 1 Very slight damage Absent 0 Jeffrey Detras IRRI StemBorer_DeadheartEst_0to9 STEM_BORER_DAMAGE StSTA_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI 1 above 50 degrees Difficult: few or no grains removed 1 3 moderately stressed 4 Short to intermediate 91-105 cm 3 20-29.9% seed set 7 long Up to 1/3 of leaf area scraped 1 1-3% 3 PA_TEXT PanAxText_Est_1or2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 8 FALSE_SMUT FSmut_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying 7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI BIRD_DAMAGE BirdDam_Est_1to9 75% of the kernel with chalkiness 4 5 Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area 1 Very slight damage/leaf discoloration Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 25% of tillers 3 Long ~30 mm 7 5 Medium Jeffrey Detras LigCol_Est_0to3 IRRI LIGULE_COLOR acronym CTOL Jeffrey Detras ColdSens_SeedlEst_0to9 IRRI Horizontal 5 1 Partly awned GRNWT GRWT GrnWt_1000Wgh_1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 7 26-50% CDMin_Av_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 100GW Julie Pasuquin FGW_MM_g100gr IRRI HGW Acute 5 IRRI UFSpPan_CompD_SpPan Julie Pasuquin Very strong 9 040 Gold 3 3 1-5% 16-25% 6 Hairy on lower surface 3 Julie Pasuquin PanHill_Av_PanHill IRRI 1 Very weak IRRI Julie Pasuquin HMRR_CM_pct 7 26-50% Intermediate 1cm - 2cm 5 Jeffrey Detras CulmStr_EstRD_1to9 IRRI CS CUST Jeffrey Detras IRRI KERNEL_SMUT KSmut_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI SdGerm_Est_Pct SG 7 Strong 3 1-10% AWCO Jeffrey Detras IRRI AwCol_MatEst_UPOV1to9 ANC 1 More than 80% spikelets fertile GrWh_MM_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI Acute to acuminate 1 Very short <5 mm 1 LfBladGreen_Est_0to3 Jeffrey Detras BLCO IRRI 3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 1 Absent All plants dead 9 GRAIN_DISCOLORATION GrDiscol_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Erect (compact) 1 5 Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead 0-10% 9 7 Strong Julie Pasuquin IRRI TDMplt_CM_gPlnt RGSV1 RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 7 31-60% IRRI StEXT_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin 7 26-50% Julie Pasuquin AerTA_IA_mm2 IRRI 5 light red 3 Brown (tawny) Jeffrey Detras IRRI CMA_CO_1_9 CulmAng_Est_UPOV1to9 2 Thermosensitive-genic type (TGMS) 1 Very weak SpPan_CM_SpPan Julie Pasuquin IRRI 0 No damage 3 042 6 Typical blast lesions infection 26-50% of the leaf area 7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI GelTemp_Alkd_1to7 GelTemp SeedlHt_Av_cm SEEDLING_HEIGHT Jeffrey Detras IRRI 5 Medium 1-10% 3 very strong 9 080 Purple 5 1-5% 3 Glutinous (waxy, stains reddish purple) 3 6 100 Black MAT TMat_Meas_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Slight tip drying 1 Some damage/leaf discoloration 3 9 No kneeing 9 pollen and spikelets both <60% fertile LmPCol_MatEst_SES1to10 Jeffrey Detras IRRI IRRI GrElong_Comp_ratio Jeffrey Detras 0-10% height reduction, 1-2 leaves ragged/twisted, few veins swollen on leaf collar 5 0 000 3 Mostly or generally hirsute: hairs covering more than 50% of the ligule 4 WBPH Jeffrey Detras IRRI WBPH_EstFld_0to9 More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting 5 Absent 0 Julie Pasuquin IRRI DExs_CM_d 4 STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH Jeffrey Detras IRRI StrLmLng_AvLong_1to9 5 11-30% IRRI Julie Pasuquin CwallT_IA_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmNodAnth_DistrEst_0to3 3 Short ~8 mm Present 9 7 Better than that of non-elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of elongating semidwarf 4 Julie Pasuquin IRRI GLf_Av_LfPlt StSTR_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI Julie Pasuquin Exs_MM_cm IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI FE1 IronInj_Est_1to9 2 040 Gold 3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 010 1 3 11-20% tolerant 2-3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 0 No injury Jeffrey Detras IRRI CML CulmLng_Av_cm Vegetative crown and weak rhizomes 3 ANL Jeffrey Detras IRRI AwLng_WildAv_0to9 5 1-25% Jeffrey Detras IRRI PlntVg_SdEst_1to9 VG 0-19% 9 Low (~3%) 3 041 1 GLWR_CM_r Julie Pasuquin IRRI PedL_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin IRRI Present 9 IRRI CASE_WORM_DAMAGE CaseWormDam_Est_0to8 Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin FLSla_CM_cm2g IRRI ApCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to6 APC Jeffrey Detras IRRI Intermediate to long 121-140 cm 6 Intermediate: 25-50% of grains removed 2 5 6-25% Fully awned 2 pollen 60-69% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile 7 Less than 2 leaves/hill injured 1 5 100% of the kernel with chalkiness Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmNodAnth_IntensEst_1to9 BPHDam_Fld_0to9 BPH Jeffrey Detras IRRI 1 Scabrous Julie Pasuquin FLsizeR_CM_r IRRI 7 088 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CaryoLng_Av_1to7 FSpPan_CM_SpPan IRRI Julie Pasuquin Typical blast lesions infecting 26-50% of the leaf area 7 Partly exserted panicle base is slightly beneath the collar of the flag leaf blade 3 highly tolerant 0-1 CulmINodUnderCol_Est_0to2 Jeffrey Detras INCO IRRI Purple 9 UfGW_Av_g1000gr Julie Pasuquin IRRI TUfGW 0 No damage PDef_GHEst_1to9 P1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Medium 5 Moderately tolerant 4-6 IRRI PDMaj_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin 3 1-5% Jeffrey Detras IRRI AurCol_Est_1to5 AC 5 intermediate No disease observed 0 GrWdt_Av_mm GRW Jeffrey Detras IRRI 1 Very slight injury No disease observed 0 Absent or very weak 1 StrLmCol_Est_1to9 STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR Jeffrey Detras IRRI 3 Better than that of elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of the best local floating variety Jeffrey Detras IRRI LigShp_CultEst_SES0to3 LIGULE_SHAPE 1 Completely 100% sterile 1 None to few leaves slightly yellow, tillering, height and flowering not affected CDMin_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI All plants dead 9 7 50-74% Julie Pasuquin TiFlwS_CM_d IRRI 1 Less than 3% 0 Non-scented Broad >2 cm 7 ShRotInc_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI SHEATH_ROT FGLL FlgLfLng_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin FLL_MM_cm IRRI 7 26-50% 1 light gold 7 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted 2 012 TillNo_Comp_1to9 TI Julie Pasuquin IRRI More than 2/3 of all leaves fully dried 7 51-100% 9 moderately tolerant 4-6 2 No injury 0 6-7 Sensitive Julie Pasuquin IRRI FLfT_MM_degC 6 11-20% 3 99 Other 3 Abortion at uni-nucleate stage of pollen (CMS-WA type) 5 Growth and tillering retarded, many leaves discolored Absent 0 Very few: fewer than 5 tillers/plant 9 5 Medium 8 000 0 Julie Pasuquin IRRI PGWC_CM_pct 2 020 2 Thick > Hard <36 mm 5 1 Light 8 4 080 BB Jeffrey Detras IRRI BBDam_EstGH_1to9 IRRI AWDIST AwDist_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras 9 black 1 Very slight damage 5 Horizontal 056 7 3 084 6 080 Very long >40 mm 9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI ApSh_Est_1to2 APSH 1 080 9 26% and above 5 Moderate (~15%) Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 5 26-100% 9 Horizontal 5 Fringe of hairs 1 7 Lesion completely around panicle base or uppermost internode or panicle axis near base with more than 30% of filled grains IRRI Julie Pasuquin SDMaj_Av_mm CIAT CÈcile Grenier ZnCt_Meas_ppm No damage observed 0 2 061 Light green ANT AwThk_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI 4 Hairy on both sides 0 No injury 3 084 Julie Pasuquin IRRI FL1A_CM_cm2 7 31-50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration LEAF_ANGLE Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfAng_Est_RD1to7 11-30% height reduction, 3-4leaves ragged/twisted, more vein swelling on leaf collar and some on leafblades and leaf sheaths 7 3 Growth and tillering nearly normal, older leaves reddish-brown, purple, or orange-yellow 3 Light 7 High 1 slight yellowing of a few plants HOJA_BLANCA HojaBlancaSev_ReproEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 3 41-70% 0 No scraping Jeffrey Detras KneeAb_EstPres_0or1 IRRI KNEEING_ABILITY above 30% seed set 1 61% and above 9 1 Straight IRRI BLSC_CO_1_4 Jeffrey Detras BLSCol_Est_1to4 Absent 1 0 No lesions observed Difficult less than 1% 1 AWCO AwCol_MatEst_IRRI0to6 ANC Jeffrey Detras IRRI Spreading >60? 7 9 Well exserted CÈcile Grenier CIAT Clk_Vis_0to5 LIGULE_SHAPE LigShp_WilEst_0to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Long 3 6 Strong 7 1 Shallow leaf folding 6 9 51-100% FertRest_Comp_1to9 FREST Jeffrey Detras IRRI Semi-erect (intermediate) 3 2 Purple lines SubTol_FldEst_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI SUB Very low (<1%) 1 Completely sterile 0% 1 0 Absent 082 8 0 Absent 7 080 Purple 3 Short (~30 cm) 61-100% 9 75-94% 5 1 absent or very weak 3 5-10% infected panicles 46-65% 7 AMY Jeffrey Detras AmyCt_Meas_Pct IRRI 0 No symptom observed 0 No damage 7 Few: 5-9 tillers/plant 3 Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves discolored 7 7 20-39% Drooping 9 3 Lesion type is the same as in 1, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves Black 10 011 1 1 Glabrous Jeffrey Detras IRRI LmPCol_MatEst_UPOV1to6 7 Purple spots on straw 5 Intermediate ~15 mm 060 1 1 Non-glutinous (non-waxy, stains dark blue purple) 0 No lesions observed 11-15% 5 2 Growth and tillering nearly normal, basal leaves slightly discolored Triangular (and very small) 3 PericCol_Exam_1to7UPOV SCCO Jeffrey Detras IRRI 9 present 1 Slender 2 Thick > Moderately well exserted 7 IRRI StTWT_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin Jeffrey Detras IRRI SaltInj_Est_1to9 SAL cleft 2 7 20-39% 51-100% 9 CÈcile Grenier CIAT AmyCt_NIRS_Pct AMY very strong 9 1 White 7 11-40% Semi-round 2 Medium: 10-19 tillers/plant 5 Absent 1 0 Absent Hairy on upper surface 2 1 Very slight damage pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile 5 1 Erect <15 degrees 1 Glabrous 2 gold furrows 1 Very early (all leaves lost their green colour before grain maturity) 3 First and 2nd leaves with orange tips: slight stunting 1 Very weak Dispersed mergingwith collar, low gel temp (<70C) 6 5 All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both Jeffrey Detras IRRI LigMargShp_Est_1to99 LIGMSH 9 Very weak all plants flat Medium 5 084 2 51-75% 8 Thin <5 mm 1 Long hairs (velvety) 5 4 reddish to light purple 8 51-75% 4 070 Red Green 2 6-12% 3 Below 20 degrees 9 16-25% 7 080 7 IRRI UFSpY_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin 1 Semidwarf (lowland: less than 110 cm, upland: less than 90 cm) 26-50% 7 6-12% 3 Narrow 3 5 6-25% 5 Bold 084 2 8 100 Black 1 Less than 5% 3 early 1 very early 5 Medium ~25 cm 3 1-5% LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfBladPub_CultEst_SES1to3 8 purple 5 6-25% 5 080 Purple Jeffrey Detras IRRI STEM_BORER_DAMAGE StemBorer_DeepWatEst_0to9 Julie Pasuquin IRRI PanPlt_Av_PanPlt 070 3 Julie Pasuquin IRRI FSD_CM_spk 5 11-25% strong 7 Spindle-shaped 4 081 4 Julie Pasuquin FLpSla_CM_cm2g IRRI IRRI Julie Pasuquin Lf_Av_LfPlt 1 Round 5 Just exserted panicle base coincides with the collar of the flag 3 Hairs on upper portion 6 StemD_CM_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center 1 3 11-20% Leaves green or pale green with mottling and 6% to 25% of height reduction, flowering slightly delayed 5 0 No symptoms More than half the plants wilting or with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted 7 1 Severely stressed Drooping 7 7 26-50% 9 Rapidly coalescing small, whitish, grayish, or bluish lesions without distinct margins Less than 1% 1 9 Pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with numerous small tillers 8 Droopy 2 5 084 6 Typical blast lesions infection 11-25% of the leaf area 6 1 010 7 Completely dispersed and cleared, low gel temp (<70C) Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves 9 21-30% 5 Julie Pasuquin IRRI CDMaj_IA_mm 4-5 moderately tolerant 5 Whole length 7 Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead 1 Very slight damage 5 11-25% covered SEEDLING_HEIGHT Jeffrey Detras SeedlHt_Av_1to7 IRRI 6-25% 5 9 very late Leaves orange yellow or orange, plants severely stunted, sometimes dead, flowering very much delayed 9 2 4 052 FLW_DATE Jeffrey Detras FlwDate_80Flw_Date IRRI Absent 0 1 Erect <30? 40-49 degrees 3 0 000 IRRI SUB SubTol_GHEst_1to9 Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras IRRI LIGULE_COLOR LigCol_WildEst_0to5 IRRI SMCwp_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin 4-7% 3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI RatDam_Est_1to9 RAT_DAMAGE Strong rhizomes with tubers 6 strong 7 7 26-50% (apical and marginal lesions) White 1 Low 3 Less than 1% 1 More than 25% 9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI GELC GelC_Meas_1to5 011 1 1 90-100% gold 2 9 26-100% LfScald_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras LEAF_SCALD IRRI 11-25% 7 5 Leaves with pronounced yellowing and some stunting or wilting and 10-25% of plants with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted 5 Sterile (95%-98.9%) Thermo-photoperiod genic type (TPGMS) 4 3 Partly sterile 50-74% Above 40% covered 9 More than 1/2 of leaf area scraped 3 4-5% 4 4 Fertile 75-90% 6 100 Black Red apex 5 3 Rolling of terminal 1/3-1/2 area of 1st and 2nd leaves 7 070 absent 1 More than half of plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted 7 7 Weak most plants nearly flat 1 Less than 1% 4 060 2 060 9 26-100% 080 5 ApAnth_ImmatEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 5 6-25% 000 0 Weak 3 3 brown 7 thick Soft 61-80 mm 2 6-10% 3 Julie Pasuquin USpPan_Av_SpPan IRRI 51-100% 8 black 6 082 9 2 020 Semi-erect (intermediate) 3 2 062 7 Strong 5 11-15% 9 More than 1/2 of the injured with some broken leaves 3 Semi-erect intermediate ~20 degrees 5 13-25% 9 61-100% 3 Photoperiod-sensitive genic type (PGMS) 3 Highly sterile (99%-99.9%) 5 Abortion at binucleate stage of pollen (CMS-HL type) 3 052 Julie Pasuquin GY_CMD_gm2 IRRI 0 No damage 3 weak Long 6.6 to 7.5 mm 3 10 091 10 080 5 no drought symptoms Leaves partially yellow but with no hopperburn 3 081 2 4 Brown furrows on straw 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal, healthy GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE GallMidgeDam_EstGH_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 7 Short White 1 2 Glabrous 1 3 Highly sterile (99%-99.9%) 1 Completely 100% sterile 1 Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center 41-60% 5 Medium 5 011 1 0 No injury 8 080 Weak 3 few drought symptoms 4 Leaves green but with sparse dots or streaks and less than 5% of height reduction 3 8 No disease observed 0 Jeffrey Detras HeatSens_Est_0to9 IRRI HTOL Julie Pasuquin IRRI TilHill_Av_TillH Pollen free (TGMS line, e.g. Norin PL12) 1 Absent 0 No lesions observed 0 gold 2 61-80% 3 Curved 2 083 12 3 Purple 4 11-20% 5 Kernel swollen, high gel temp (>74C) 2 3 1-5% 5 13-25% 4 pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile 3 11-20% 7 11-40% Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 5 1 Glabrous (smooth-including ciliated margins) GRL Jeffrey Detras IRRI GrLng_Av_1to7 RWhorlMaggDam_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI RICE_WHORL_MAGGOT Gold and gold furrows on straw background 2 Extra long more than 7.5 mm 1 Highly sterile <50% to trace 7 Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead 7 Long to very long 156-180 cm 8 3 Weak Jeffrey Detras IRRI RAGGED_STUNT RaggedStuntSev_Index_Pct 081 4 FLCC_MM_SPAD Julie Pasuquin IRRI Julie Pasuquin UFSpPct_CM_pct IRRI None awnless 0 5 21-30% 3 042 0 Absent 1 Less than 1% HojaBlancaSev_VegEst_0to9 HOJA_BLANCA Jeffrey Detras IRRI 3 1-5% 6 054 Strongly drooping 4 GlOp_Av_deg GLO Jeffrey Detras IRRI 7 Yellow to orange and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withfew small tillers Leaves tightly rolled 9 20-39% 7 Julie Pasuquin SDWplt_Av_g IRRI Absent (collarless) 0 white 1 100% of plants survive 1 1 Very slight damage 5 light red 9 Lesion completely around panicle baseor uppermost internode or the panicle axis near the base with less than 30% of filled grains. 1 Whorled 0 No disease observed 1 Very weak Abortion at later stage: pollen grains look like fertile pollen (518A cytoplasm from O. nivara) 9 11 White IRRI CulmDiam_WildAv_mm CMD Jeffrey Detras 100 9 No injury 0 2 Intermediate 3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 2 1 010 Many: 20-25 tillers/plant 3 5 medium Alternate 2 050 2 6 Acuminate 2 Less than 1% 9 More than 75% leaf area affected 081 4 DEC_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI 26-50% 7 7 2-cleft 4 1 080 3 Short black 9 More than 1/2 of the leaves injured with no broken leaves 7 Extra vigorous, very fast growing 1 070 5 Julie Pasuquin RtV_Win_cm3 IRRI Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface) 9 partially male sterile 2 3 Good 7 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted 8 All plants dead 9 yellowish 2 Straw 1 Less than 11% 9 3 20-30% 1 very early 26-100% 9 9 More than 50% All plants dead 9 30-39 degrees 5 Julie Pasuquin HSpD_CM_SpPan IRRI 11 082 8 purple Compact 1 0 000 Open ?60? 5 1-25% 5 Present 9 All plants apparently dead 9 3 Intermediate ?45? 4 4 Upper three quarters only 3 medium 1 Less than 1% 0 No visible lesion observed or lesions on only a few pedicels 080 4 1 Linear(long and slender) 080 5 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with numerous small tillers. 3 0 No disease observed GrYld_wgh_gplot Jeffrey Detras GrYld_wgh_gplot IRRI 9 51-100% Narrow or slightly elliptical lesions, 1-2 mm in breadth, more than 3 mm long with a brown margin 5 26-50% 7 4 084 Purple lines 2 medium Red 4 Slightly Drooping 3 1 Excellent 1 Highly fertile >90% 60-79% 3 4 Reddish to light purple 6 2 020 3 21-40% 2 2 9 Drooping 1-10% 1 PNL Jeffrey Detras IRRI PanL_MM_cm PanLng_MatAv_cm 5 purple furrows 0-10% height reduction, no ragged/twisted leaf, very few veins slightly swollen usually on leaf collar 3 5 Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves whitish and rolled, only a few elongating 4 040 3 Absent 1 31-45% 5 4 1 10% of the kernel with chalkiness 26-100% 9 light purple 7 7 variegated purple 1 Kernel not affected but chalky, high gel temp (>74C) 9 All plants dead 5 21-35% 25% of the kernel with chalkiness 2 0 No damage Weak 3 0% of the kernel with chalkiness 0 6 1-10% 1 TilProd_Av_TillPlt Julie Pasuquin IRRI 11-30% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration 5 4 Typical susceptible blast lesions 3 mm or longer, infecting less than 4% of the leaf area 041 1 4 5 Intermediate 1 Very short <5 mm 5 Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead More than 80% 1 76-100% 9 5 40-69% Julie Pasuquin FLpDw_Av_g IRRI Short 5.5mm or less 7 1 absent or very weak 3 Clustered 0 Growth and tillering nearly normal 9 0-19% 053 5 3 5 One-fourth to 1/2 of all leaves dried Very long (>80 cm) 9 High (~35%) 7 1 Erect 7 Maximum tiller angle less than45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers 1 1-10% 8-15% 5 3 1-10% covered Kernel swollen with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp 4 Rolling of terminal 1/3 area of 1st leaf 1 None 0 2 Cleft All plants dead 9 1 1-5% Absent 0 More than 30% height reduction, most leaves ragged/twisted, vein swellingcommon on leaf sheaths and leaf blades 9 51-100% 9 Present 1 010 1 0 No disease observed purple 5 3 weak acute 1 1-3 tolerant 3 Lesion type is the same as in scale 2, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves 6 Nuclear type 0 000 5 Intermediate ~45 cm Very slight damage/leaf discoloration 1 Purple 6 3 Brown spots on straw pbasbrno PanBrNo_Av_BrPan PBPan_MM_BrPan Jeffrey Detras IRRI Leaves fully cupped in U-shape 5 Medium 5 No damage 0 0% 0 5 13-25% Very abundant: more than 25 tillers/plant 1 090 9 4 055 Intermediate (stains reddish-blue purple) 2 1-10% 1 9 0-19% 5 strong No disease observed 0 1-5% 1 5 Leaves yellow, plants moderately stunted, flowering delayed Highly sterile 1-49% 2 Very short to short 51-70 cm 2 3 thin 9 Tall (lowland: more than 130 cm, upland: more than 125 cm) 7 Long ~30 mm Heavy 2 3 1 Extra long 9 very strong 5 light red 1 Less than 5% Strong rhizomes and no tubers 5 1 Glabrous (no hairs) red 6 Very short <50 cm 1 071 6 2 Straw 5 Medium brown 3 020 Straw 2 11-30% 3 No disease observed 0 1 Very weak 3 male sterile 1 Less than 1% Small brown specks of pinpoint size or large brown specks without sporulating center on the lower leaves 1 3 Short ~8 mm 100% of performance of tolerant check 1 2 2 Pale green to yellow and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withnumerous small tillers 7 75-94% 5 More than 65% 9 0 Absent 2 Hairy or ciliated 9 Complete plant wilting, followed by severe yellowing and scorching 5 21-40% 3 4-5% 7 063 pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 90% fertile or above 2 Purple 3 Short ~15 cm 3 Almost all plants dead or dying 9 5 Normal, most plants with 4-leaves 0 No injury many 5 Genetically engineered (transgenic type) 5 8 9 51-100% Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves brown or yellow 7 Completely sterile 0% 9 light purple 7 7 Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves discolored or dead 7 Tall >60 cm 2 Acute to acuminate 070 Red 6 Less than 5% infected panicles 1 6 Very long >40 mm 9 41-60% 5 2 Small 1 1 Very short (<21 cm) 3 084 1 Enclosed panicle is partly or entirely enclosed within the leaf sheath of the flag leaf blade 5 Intermediate 6-25% dark purple/black 9 1 Very weak 26-50% 7 Medium 5 Lesion on a few primary branches or the middle part of panicle axis 3 Thin <5 mm 1 1 Less than 1% 7 Leaf margins touching forming O-shape 080 7 Short 71-90 cm 3 13 090 Less than 1% 1 0 No damage 7-9 Sensitive 5 Medium 1 Very weak 5 10-19.9% seed set 6 8 5 6-25% Large 9 5 Intermediate ~15 mm Tip only 1 9 All plants dead 4 red 5 080 short 1 3 052 Brown (tawny) Some damage/leaf discoloration 3 Less than 5% 1 3 brown 5 Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves discolored, only a few elongating 3 2 or more leaves/hill but less than 1/3 of leaves injured 6 weak 3 Long ~35 cm 7 5 41-60% 1-3 Tolerant 020 Straw 1 Upright 1 1 Less than 1% (apical lesions) Almost all plants dead or dying 9 9 61% and above Absent 0 6 16-25% 5 6-25% 8 060 Lesions only on bottom 20% of the plant 1 1 Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers Short hairs 4 3 Moderately difficult 1-5% 11-25% infected panicles 5 2 Subulate or setaceous More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting 5 Intermediate 41-60 mm 3 0 No damage Very high (>50%) 9 4 Vegetative crown, stolon and weak rhizomes 3 Moderately strong most plants bending 7 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted 70-89% 3 6 071 Fertile 75-89% 3 9 51-100% (apical and marginal lesions) Descending 7 Almost all plants dead or dying 9 Less than 1% 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal, reddish-brown spots or orange discoloration on tips of older leaves 1 0 0 Absent (collarless) No disease observed 0 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 5 5 Maximum tiller angle less than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers 9 Unacceptable 9 Yellow to orange and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with few small tillers Typical blast lesions infection 51-75% of the leaf area and many leaves are dead 8 3 First and 2nd leaves with orange tips, slight stunting 0 No damage 011 1 0 No damage 3 First and 2nd leaves yellowing 6 Rice ontology 3 051 Loose 26-50% 7 060 4 2 1-5% (apical lesions) 3 Almost all plants dead or dying 9 Less than 1% 1 4 1 No symptom observed Horizontal 5 Present 9 2 061 1 Erect 51-100% 9 0 No disease observed 21-50% 7 61-80% 3 brown 3 entity Vegetative crown and stolon 2 5 Intermediate (one leaf still green at harvest) 1 020 3 6-10% 2-cleft 3 95-99% 3 3 Obtuse or rounded 1 060 Green Medium 5 1 Erect long 3 2 1/3 to 1/2 of leaf area scraped 51-100% 9 Spreading (open) 5 5 Horizontal 7 Late (two or more leaves still green at harvest) 3 Open variegated brown 3 3 Vigorous, fast growing Lightly scented 1 1 Cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction type (CMS) 040 Gold 2 5 40-59% 4 052 No symptoms 0 Purple 8 Purple apex 7 0 Absent collar anthocyanin presence scale longer sterile lemma length scale centimeter Tillers per plant Assess the type of lesion and the proportion of leaf area affected by leaf blast. Entries with scores 4-9 may also have lesions of scale 1 or 2. In cases where the lesion develops only on the collar, joint of the leaf sheath and the leaf blade, causing the leaf blade to drop off, a scale unit of 4 is to be given. Leaf blast damage estimation awn color scale immature IRRI Gelatinization temperature Milled caryopsis Gelatinization temperature GelTemp Temperature at which the starch in endosperm gelatinizes, one of the key indicators of cooking quality Relative height ShBltInc Sheath blight Sheath blight The type and severity of sheath blight symptoms caused by Thanethoporus cucumeris (Rhizoctonia solani). Symptoms: ellipsoidal, necrotic grayish-green lesions, which may enlarge and coalesce with other lesions, initially on lower leaf sheaths Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence Observe the presence and intensity of any purplish colour that can be attributed to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Flag leaf Dry weight FLDw Dry weight of the uppermost leaf on the main culm Flag leaf dry weight leaffolder injury scale greenhouse Calculate the number of days between sowing and physiological maturity (i.e. when the grain is hard and ready for harvest) Calculation - Days to physiological maturity from sowing Auricle anthocyanin presence Estimate the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles Take representative panicles, measure temperature near panicle surface with an infrared gun and take the average Average - Panicle temperature Shape of the caryopsis Caryopsis Shape Caryopsis shape CaryoShp Average - Oven dry weight Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average Length of the main culm (stem), defined as the distance from the soil surface to the base of the panicle CulmLng Culm Length Culm length Panicle blast severity Scoring X panicles using the panicle blast damage score, compute panicle blast severity PBS= (10xN1 + 20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/X, where N1-N9 are the number of panicles with score 1-9 Spikelet on secondary branch of panicle The abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle Pan2ndBr Secondary panicle branching Pattern g mg g-1 dry matter 2nd elongated culm internode Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath Culm major diameter - 2nd internode Major diameter CDMaj percent ColdSens Cold Cold tolerance Ability of a plant to grow and develop normally under cold conditions. Key periods of sensitivity are during seedling growth, tillering, and flowering Sensitivity Average ligule length Measure the distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule on the penultimate leaf of five plants, and calculate the average rhizome formation scale 1 Average - Straw yield Dry aboveground plant parts, excluding panicles. Weigh and take the average weight per plant Flag leaf angle Angle Flag leaf The angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis FlgLfAng Calculation - Unfilled spikelet percentage Take the number of unfilled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100 cm Plant height measurement Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of the plant Endosperm Describes the extent to which milled (polished, white) rice appears to be a chalky white colour as opposed to translucent white. The chalky appearance arises from the incomplete development of starch grains in the endosperm, which leaves tiny air pockets between starch granules and results in weak grains Clk Chalkiness of endosperm Chalkiness flag leaf angle scale cult early Measure distance from soil surface to base of panicle on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average Average culm length percent Awn color examination immature Examine the colour of the awns after anthesis against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. leaf scald damage scale The type and severity of bacterial leaf streak symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. Symptoms: linear lesions with small bacterial exudates Bacterial leaf streak damage Bacterial leaf streak BLS Damage Time to exsertion from heading Time to panicle exsertion (from heading) Panicle Time elapsed from heading date and date of exsertion of last spikelet DExs Calculation - Straw yield Oven dry straw at 70?C to constant weight and express in a per unit area basis Estimate the proportion of tillers that are diseased Sheath rot incidence estimation leaffolder single leaf injury scale Calculate from the filled grain weight and number of filled grains on an area basis Calculation - Filled spikelet per square meter culm internode underlying colour scale Take flag leaf and measure temperature near leaf surface with an infrared gun Manual measurement - Flag leaf temperature Flag leaf chlorophyll content FLCC Chlorophyll content Flag leaf Chlorophyll content in the uppermost leaf of the main culm Calculate from the number of half-filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 Calculation - Half-filled spikelet per panicle 2nd elongated stem internode Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath StemD Stem diameter - 2nd internode Diameter square centimeter Ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight Flag leaf FLSla Specific area Flag leaf specific area Drought recovery estimation 10 days after soaking rain or watering ends a period of drought, estimate the % of plants that recover. Indicate the degree of drought stress before watering Panicle exsertion estimation Observe the extent to which panicles are exserted above the flag leaf sheath Calculation - Spikelets per panicle Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 (= SPM2/PANM2) Awn color Colour of the awns, if present AwCol Colour Awn Predict starch content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Starch content Recovery Drought Drought recovery DhtRecov The extent to which plants recover when soaked with water after exposure to drought. The extent of recovery depends strongly on the severity of drought. panicle length scale Leaf senescence Senescence Describes how soon leaves senesce Leaf LfSen whitebacked planthopper injury scale greenhouse Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Anthocyanin below apiculus examination mature Alkali digestion estimation An indirect indicator of approximate gelatinization temperature. Incubate six milled rice grains (kernels) for 23h in 10ml of 1.7% KOH. Score individual kernels, without averaging Panicles per hill Brown planthopper biotype 1 injury assessment Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 1 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings leaf angle scale Assess the vigor of plants in early vegetative stage Vegetative vigor Yellow mottle disease Yellow mottle Severity The type and severity of yellow mottle disease symptoms caused by rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV). Symptoms: stunting, reduced tillering, mottling and yellowing streaking of the leaves, delayed flowering or incomplete emergence of the panicles, in extreme cases, death of plants YellowMottleSev Width Flag leaf FlgLfWdt Width of the uppermost leaf of the main culm Flag leaf width sensed aroma cooked scale panicle blast incidence scale immature apiculus color UPOV scale ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) stem rot incidence scale LfST Thickness of the leaf sheath surrounding the stem Thickness Leaf sheath Leaf sheath thickness Bakanae disease Incidence In of bakanae disease symptoms caused by Gibberella fujikuroi. Symptoms: the plant elongates abnormally, has few tillers, and usually dies before producing grains BakInc Bakanae disease Grain weight Spikelet Weight GrnWt The weight of a whole grain including the hull AerN Number Number of air spaces in the culm Aerenchyma number Stem aerenchyma green leafhopper injury scale field Examine the shape of sterile lemmas Sterile lemma shape chalkiness 0-5 scale mm Panicle Panicle temperature Temperature Panicle surface temperature PanT Filled spikelet Weight Filled grain weight FGW The weight of a spikelet that is filled with a grain CO2 Concentration CI Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Leaf Sub-stomatal cavity carbon dioxide concentration millimeter panicle axis scale UPOV Observe the damages on plants caused by rice delphacid. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Rice delphacid injury assessment field Measure the average thickness of 10 representative spikelets, 1 cm from the apiculus of the spikelet. Average awn thickness Ligule color estimation Visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering percent Stem Stem elongation Elongation StmElong The ability of the stem to elongate as flood water rises and thus to keep the topmost leaves above water level Derive from the soil moisture retention (pF) curve using the soil moisture content at wilting point. Calculation - Soil moisture tension at wilting point % % Calculation - Leaf sheath thickness Take the difference between the stem diameter and culm diameter and divide this by 2 mg g-1 dry matter SpD Total number of spikelets per unit area Spikelets density Number per area Spikelet Take subsample of half-filled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain Average - half-filled spikelet weight cm panicle shattering scale protein content The concentration of protein in brown (dehulled) rice Brown rice protein content Dehulled grain BRiceProtCt Strength Culm strength The stiffness of the culm and its resilience to being bent over CulmStr Culm Hoja blanca disease The type and severity of hoja blanca disease symptoms caused by rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV) causing hoja blanca. Symptoms: cream colored to yellow spots, elongating and coalescing fo form longitudinal yellowish green to pale green striations. Streaks may coalesce to cover the whole leaf. Brown and sterile glumes with typical parrot beak shape of deformation Severity HojaBlancaSev Hoja blanca Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm internode anthocyanin examination Flag leaf temperature Temperature Flag leaf FLfT Flag leaf surface temperature rat damage incidence scale spikelet sterility scale Mature apiculus color examination Examine the colour of the apiculus of maturing lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references Manual measurement - Gas exchange stomatal conductance in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure stomatal conductance with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) square millimeter % Calculation - Grain length to width ratio Take ratio of grain length to grain width centimeter The type and severity of leaf scald symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Monographella albescens (Microdochium oryzae). Symptoms: lesions occur mostly near leaf tips, but sometimes start at the margin of the blade and develop into large ellipsoid areas encircled by dark-brown, narrow bands accompanied by a light-brown halo Leaf scald LfScald Damage Leaf scald damage Weight per plant Straw dry matter per plant StDM Straw Dry weight of stems and leaves per plant leaf blast damage type scale cm ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) Time elapsed from date of transplanting to flowering stage Spikelet DFlwT Time to flowering (from transplanting) Time to flowering from transplanting Calculation - Culm porosity Calculate the ratio of pith area to culm area Sterile lemma StrLmLng Sterile lemma length Length of sterile lemmas Length Materials content Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content of stem Stem Total stem materials content StTWT Alkali injury Injury AlkInj Alkali The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in alkaline soils cubic centimeter Diameter Pith minor diameter Diameter of the narrower portion of pith Pith PDMin Length of panicle defined as the distance from the base to the tip of the panicle when the main axis of the panicle is held straight Panicle length Panicle PanLng Length Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea before the grain ripens. Immature lemma and palea colour Total stem extractives content in the stem Stem extractives content Extractives content Stem StEXT cm2 g-1 percent Average - Leaf dry weight Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight, weigh and take the average leaf weight Yellow dwarf disease assessment Estimate the type and severity of symptoms on secondary growth after cutting at the base Stomatal conductance Rate of passage of water vapor through the leaf Gs Water vapor conductance Stomata Hoja blanca reproductive disease estimation Estimate the proportion of plants with panicles showing symptoms Ligule Ligule length LigLng Length of ligule, defined as distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule Length Keel anthocyanin mature scale Brown rice rate BRR Proportion Dehulled grain after milling Proportion of brown rice (dehulled grains) obtained from rough rice (hulled grain) Glume opening angle Collect 5-10 blooming florets of a male sterile line from different plants and measure the average angle of the opening between glumes (viz., lemma and palea) Predict sucrose content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Sucrose content Time to maturity (from transplanting) DMatT Time elapsed from date of transplanting to physiological maturity stage Time to maturity from transplanting Spikelet Ufra incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that show visible symptoms of infection culm node underlying colour scale Remove leaf sheath and measure wider width of second elongated internodes from the base and take the average Average - Major culm diameter Calculation - Total dry matter per plant Take the total dry weight of stems, leaves and panicles per plant square millimeter Incidence The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by the stem nematode Ditylenchus angustus. Symptoms: leaf mottling or chlorotic discoloration in a splash pattern at base of young leaves in stem elongation or mid-tillering stage, brown stains may develop on leaves and sheaths which later intensify to a dark brown color, distortion (twisting and withering) of young leaves, distortion of panicles which either remain enclosed within a swollen sheath, or partially emerge but are twisted and with unfilled grains, or emerge completely but with unfilled grains and resembling a whitehead. Ufra Ufra UfraDam Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Ratio of pooled flag leaf area to pooled flag leaf dry mass FLpSla Specific area of flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Specific area Grassy stunt 2 The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 2 virus (RGSV2). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, yellow to orange and narrow leaves with small rusty spots Grassy stunt 2 disease Severity RGSV2Sev Flowering cold injury Observe effects on spikelet fertility, heading and growth of plants grown at 17-18 degrees during flowering Polish a sample of rice and quantify chalkiness automatically using a duly calibrated Cervitec instrument Chalkiness Cervitec assessment Flag leaf-1 width FL1W Width Flag leaf-1 Width of leaf below the flag leaf day Ragged stunt Severity The type and severity of ragged stunt symptoms caused by rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV). Symptoms: plants are stunted but remain dark green. Leaves are ragged and twisted. Vein swelling on leaf collar, leaf blades and leaf sheaths Ragged stunt disease RaggedStuntSev Observe the extent to which grains have shattered from the panicle before being threshed Panicle shattering estimation Head rice proportion Dehull and mill (polish) a sample of grains (paddy). Weigh the whole sample of polished rice, including both whole and broken kernels. Measure the length of 10 randomly selected whole kernels and compute the average. Head rice are all the kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels. Separate and weigh the head rice, and calculate the proportion of head rice out of the total weight of polished rice gall midge injury scale greenhouse Flag leaf-1 dry weight Dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf FL1Dw Dry weight Flag leaf-1 Calculate as the difference between the main heading date and the date of effective seeding Days to 80% flowering count Spikelets per panicle Count number of green leaves on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average number Average - Green leaf number Number per hill Number of panicles per hill PanHill Panicle Panicles per hill Gall midge damage Damage Gall midge GallMidgeDam The extent of plant damage caused by gall midge (Orseolia oryzae). Symptoms: light-colored tubular galls resembling an onion leaf on the youngest leaf of the shoot in a tiller. Leaf scald damage estimation Estimate the proportion and distribution of leaf area diseased Ligule margin LigMargShp Shape Describes the form of the margin of the ligule Ligule margin shape Pith Diameter Diameter of the wider portion of pith Pith major diameter PDMaj Peak temperature Gradually heat a sample of milled rice using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), which measures the energy expended to raise the temperature of starch crystals as they gelatinize and melt. The temperature at which energy expenditure is maximum (peak temperature) provides a precise measure of gelatinization temperature. ligule shape scale cult SES Vigor An overall description of the vigour of plant growth, combining several components such as number of tillers, plant height, number of leaves, canopy density Plant PlntVg Vigor Dry weight of a half-filled spikelet, including the hull Half-filled spikelets Half-filled grain weight THfGW Weight Average - Filled spikelet number per panicle Count the number of filled spikelets per panicle. Repeat the measurement on other representative panicles. Take the average number of filled spikelets per panicle. Type PanTyp Panicle type, defined by the orientation of primary branches Panicle Panicle type Leaf temperature Leaf LfT Leaf surface temperature Temperature brown planthopper biotype 3 injury scale Flag leaf angle estimation wild Wild species: 7 days after anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content of stem StSTR Stem Non-structural material content Stem total structural materials content Amount of grain (weight) produced per area Spikelet Yield Grain yield GY Calculate from the unfilled spikelet density and the panicles density Calculation - Unfilled spikelet per panicle Leaf blade pubescence Cultivated species: assess the hairiness of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards Ragged stunt disease estimation Estimate the type and severity of symptoms Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are unfilled Unfilled spikelet Proportion Unfilled spikelets proportion UFSpPct Brown planthopper The extent of damage caused by brown planthopper (Nilparvata lugens). Symptoms: Partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy Brown planthopper damage BPHDam Damage Calculation - Grain filling rate About 2 weeks after flowering, measure grain weight twice at a week interval. Then, compute the grain filling rate by dividing the difference in weight by the time interval. Eg grain weight at 21 days after flowering minus grain weight at 15 days after flowering divided by six days Culm CulmP Porosity Ratio of pith area to culm area Culm porosity Assess the vigor of seedlings Seedling vigor PanAxText Texture of the main axis of the panicle Panicle axis texture Panicle axis Texture Leaf margin pubescence Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the leaf margin LfMargPub Pubescence Leaf margin Sterile lemma shape scale flag leaf angle scale cult late Grain GLWR Ratio of grain length to grain width Length to width ratio Grain length to width ratio Apiculus shape examination Examine the shape (pointed, curved) of the apiculus In a greenhouse test, adjust the unadjusted injury ratings R for test entries by dividing by R for the susceptible check and multiplying by 100% Leaffolder adjusted injury rating Zinc deficiency injury assessment Observe growth in a growing medium with a deficiency of zinc Culm number measurement per plant Count the total number of grain-bearing and non-bearing tillers on five plants and calculate the average 1000 grain weight scale Stain polished (milled, white) rice grains with a weak KI-I solution, prepared by mixing 0.1% I2 solution with 0.2% KI solution, and observe the colour of the stained endosperm Endosperm type assessment Leaf margin pubescence Wild species: assess the presence/absence of hairs on the leaf margin Vegetative cold injury Observe effects on vigour and leaf colour of plants grown at 17-18 degrees C before flowering mg g-1 dry matter basal leaf sheath color scale 1 seedling height scale alkali digestion scale The type and severity of narrow brown leaf spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Sphaerulina oryzina (Cercospora janseana) Damage NBLSDam Narrow brown leaf spot damage Narrow brown leaf spot Position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base LfAng Leaf angle Leaf Angle Wild species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of five representative plants Average culm diameter - wild species submergence relative survival scale Average - Panicles per hill Count the number of panicles per hill for several hills. Take the average. 1st elongated culm internode Diameter of basal portion (ie 1st elongated internode) of the main culm Culm diameter - 1st internode Diameter CulmDiam ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) pericarp colour IRRI scale degrees C Calculate the average of major and minor pith diameters of the second internode from the base Calculation - Pith diameter Stem total nonstructural carbohydrate content Non-structural carbohydrate content Stem Nonstructural carbohydrate content in the stem StNSC Manual measurement - Gas exchange photosynthetic rate in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure photosynthetic rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Main flowering date observation Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which 80% of the flowering heads have appeared Average panicle distance to basal branch Measure the distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch on five representative panicles and calculate their average Caryopsis width The width of the caryopsis at its widest point at right angles to its length (ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling the grain and before milling) Width CaryoWdt Caryopsis Rice delphacid injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on seedlings mm millimeter Bag two primary panicles of at least 50 plants with glassine bags before their anthesis begins to prevent cross pollination. At maturity, count the filled (fertile) and unfilled (sterile) spikelets of the bagged panicles, calculate the proportion that are sterile Spikelet sterility calculation Calculation - Half-filled spikelets per square meter Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis The type and severity of brown spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Bipolaris oryzae, Drechslera oryzae). Symptoms: typical leaf spots are small, oval or circular and dark brown. Larger lesions usually have the same color on the edges but have a pale, usually grayish center. Most spots have a light yellow halo around the outer edge. Brown spot BS Brown spot damage Damage SDMaj Major diameter Stem major diameter - 2nd internode Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath 2nd elongated stem internode Bacterial blight damage estimation field Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test Wild species: while the spikelets are maturing, observe the presence of awns Awn presence on wild species If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm node underlying colour examination Predict protein content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Protein content The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high (toxic) iron content in the growing medium Injury Iron toxicity injury Iron toxicity IronInj Amylose content - NIRS Take a milled rice NIR spectrum and predict the amylose content using chemiometrics. Culm strength scale RD apiculus color scale mature Lemma and palea pubescence evaluation Using a hand lens, visually assess and evaluate the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemmas and paleas mm kg per ha Grain width Width of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point Spikelet GrWdt Width Greenhouse screening: divide the % of plants that survive submergence by the survival of the tolerant control variety e.g. FR13A, and express as a percentage Submergence relative survival assessment Estimate the proportion of panicles that are damaged by birds Bird damage incidence estimation leaf blade anthocyanin presence scale Flag leaf Flag leaf area Area of the uppermost leaf on the main culm FLA Area parts per million Proportion HdR Head rice Describes how much of a sample of milled rice comprises whole rather than broken kernels. Head rice is defined as kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels Head rice No scale name found Observe the abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle, and by referring to a diagram of standards Secondary panicle branching observation rice bug damage scale Panicles per m2 Bacterial blight damage estimation greenhouse Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a greenhouse test Bacterial blight damage Bacterial blight Damage BBDam The type and severity of bacterial blight symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Symptoms: lesions usually start near the leaf tip or leaf margins or both, and extend down the outer edge(s). Young lesions are pale green to grayish green, later turning yellow to gray (dead) with time. In very susceptible varieties, lesions may extend to the entire leaf length into the leaf sheath Rate of water loss from the leaf Tr Transpiration rate Leaf Transpiration rate percent PanNo Panicle number per plant Number of panicles per plant Panicle Number per plant day g stem elongation scale Take sum of sucrose content and starch content from PLS-FTIR analysis Calculation - Nonstructural carbohydrate content Weight per plant TDMplt Aboveground dry matter Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per plant Total dry matter per plant Averaged Manual measurement - Unfilled spikelet number per panicle Count the number of unfilled spikelets per panicle of representative panicles and then take the average AYLD_CONT method Record the actual grain yield grain harvested on a plot. Observe the severity of damage caused by rice whorl maggot Rice whorl maggot damage assessment Calculate as length times the width of the leaf below the flag leaf, multiplied by a constant (0.725) Calculation - Flag leaf -1 area Lemma and palea Pubescence Lemma and palea pubescence LmPPub Describes the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemma and palea Panicle distance to basal branch PanBasBrDist Distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch Panicle/basal branch Distance Calculation - Total culm porosity Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area and pith area to the culm area % centimeter mm basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence scale Collar Collar color CollCol Colour of the leaf collar Colour The extent of discoloration of glumes caused by species of Sarocladium, Bipolaris, Alternaria, Gerlachia, Fusarium, Phoma, Curcularia, Trichoconiella, and Pseudomonas. Symptoms: Darkening of glumes of spikelets, brown color to black including rotten glumes. Intensity ranges from sporadic discoloration to discoloration of the whole glume GrDiscol Discoloration by fungal diseases Grain discoloration Grain millimeter grams per square meter kneeing ability scale SES Measure length of the penultimate leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average Average leaf length Anthocyanin content BApAnth Lemma below apiculus Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the area just below the apiculus of the lemma Anthocyanin below apiculus Calculation - Percentage of grain with chalkiness Calculate as the percentage of head milled grains with chalkiness. The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing). Observe the percentage of the panicle that is inside the flag leaf sheath Panicle exsertion male sterile estimation No scale name found Number per panicle Total number of spikelets per panicle Spikelet Spikelets per panicle SpPan anther colour scale The extent of damage caused by green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix cincticeps). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. GLhDam Green leafhopper Green leafhopper damage Damage Colour Ligule Color of the ligule Ligule color LigCol Keel anthocyanin immature scale Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected Kernel smut incidence estimation gram Measure the height of 10 seedlings from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade, and calculate the average Average seedling height Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea after harvest. Mature lemma and palea color Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) NRGQASC - Grain length Proportion Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains FSpProp Filled spikelet proportion Spikelet LfBlastDam Leaf blast damage The type and severity of leaf blast symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms are necrotic lesions on the leaves, in severe cases leading to leaf death Damage Leaf blast Measure width at the widest portion of the leaf below the flag leaf on the main culm. Repeat measurement on representative leaf and take the average width. Average - Flag leaf width Calculation - Tiller fertility Take the number of reproductive tillers and divide by the total number of tillers Oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and weigh the panicles of representative plants and take the average Average - Panicle dry weight per plant The number of chromosomes in the nucleus Number Chromosome ChrNo Chromosome number gram per plant green leafhopper injury scale greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Green leafhopper injury assessment greenhouse mg g-1 dry matter centimeter Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root length based on WinRHIZO image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method to calculate total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size. Image analysis - Root length using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Calculation - Unfilled spikelets per square meter Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis lemma phenol reaction scale stigma exsertion scale Observe the damages on plants caused by whitebacked planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment field % Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) NRGQASC - Grain width Damage Rice whorl maggot damage The extent of plant damage caused by rice whorl maggot (Hydrellia philippina). Symptoms: maggots eat the leaf margins causing conspicuous injury and sometimes stunting of plants Rice whorl maggot RWhorlMaggDam Average - Pooled oven dry weight Pool representative flag leaves and leaves below the flag leaf and oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade Pubescence LfBladPub Leaf blade Leaf blade pubescence Measure the average length of the sterile lemmas of five spikelets. If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet differ in length, measure only the shorter one. Average sterile lemma length - shorter Canopy Distance from soil surface to top of canopy CanH Canopy height Height panicle threshability scale SES Kneeing ability Stem KneeAb kneeing ability The ability of a stem, after it has fallen flat e.g. after floodwater recedes, to start growing upright from a young node (the knee)) and bear panicles, typically an ability expressed by deepwater varieties (applicable only in conditions where culms have fallen flat) Heat Sensitivity The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high temperature. The key period of sensitivity is during flowering HeatSens Heat injury Area Cross-sectional area of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath CulmA Culm Culm area percent First heading date observation Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which first flush of flowering heads appear Grain width UPOV estimation Measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point Ligule shape determination Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice culm diameter scale wild kernel smut incidence scale Milled caryopsis AmyCt Amylose content Amylose content of milled rice as a proportion or percentage of the total amount of rice amylose content Auricle color examination Examine the colour of the auricles against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. TilHill Number per plant Tiller number per hill Tiller Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per hill Colour of the sterile lemmas StrLmCol Sterile lemma Colour Sterile lemma color Pith diameter Pith PithD Diameter of the hollow portion of the culm Diameter BLSCol Colour Basal leaf sheath Colour of the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Basal leaf sheath color culm angle SES scale Width Culm wall Culm wall thickness Distance between the perimeter of the hollow pith and the epidermis CwallT Colour of internodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings Underlying colour CulmINodUnderCol Culm internode Culm internode underlying colour Panicle Describes the ease with which grains are removed from the panicle during threshing PanThr Panicle threshability Threshability Mature lemma and palea ornamentation Visually determinate the colour ornamentation of (i.e. colours present only on parts of) the lemma and palea at maturity Manual measurement - Panicle exsertion Measure distance between the base of the flag leaf and the panicle neck node, there is positive exertion if the panicle base is above the flag leaf base and a negative exsertion if otherwise. glume opening scale Calculation -Total structural materials Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content from PLS-FTIR analysis View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to count the number of air spaces in the culm Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma number Measure and score the length of the caryopsis Caryopsis length SES ligule color scale wild Observe the proportion of injured grains per panicle caused by rice bug Rice bug damage assessment Width of penultimate leaf blade Leaf width Leaf LfWdt Width BirdDam Bird The extent of damage caused by birds. Damage Bird damage Caryopsis Length Caryopsis length The length of the caryopsis, ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling (decorticating) the grain and before milling, commonly known as brown rice CaryoLng centimeter gram Gall midge injury assessment greenhouse In a greenhouse test, observe the proportion of plants with silver shoots. For the greenhouse test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should show silver shoots GrElong Grain Grain elongation The extend to which grains elongate during cooking. High elongation is typical of basmati types of rice Elongation percent seedling cold injury scale Pericarp colour examination Examine the colour of the pericarp against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Yield Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per area TDM Dry matter yield Aboveground dry matter rice delphacid injury scale field Estimation - overall drought symptoms Observe plant growth and rate level of drought symptoms Pollen sterility calculation Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Fertile pollen grains will be round and well stained, sterile pollen grains will be unstained or partially stained, and withered or round. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the proportion that are sterile Days Describes the aroma of rice grains Caryopsis Scent Scent Sct Culm wall area Area of the culm wall Area CwallA Culm wall Injury Drought The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by drought. Leaf rolling precedes leaf drying during drought. Response to drought is highly responsive to crop phenology, plant growth prior to stress, and the timing, duration, and intensity of drought stress. For many soils, it takes at least 2 rainless weeks during the vegetative stage to cause marked differences in response and at least 7 rainless days during the reproductive stage to cause severe drought injury. Repeated ratings are recommended through progress of the drought. Record the stage of plant growth when the stress occurred and the number of stress days. DhtInj Drought injury YellowDwarfSev Yellow dwarf Yellow dwarf Severity The type and severity of yellow dwarf symptoms caused by a mycoplasma. Symptoms: pale yellow, droopy leaves, excessive tillering and stunting Collar anthocyanin presence Observe the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the collars Average leaf width Measure width at the widest portion of the penultimate leaf on the main culm of five representative plants. Calculate average mg g-1 dry matter square centimeter Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root volume based on image analysis Image analysis - Root volume using WinRhizo in SITIS platform degrees Biomass partionning Harvest index Plant HI Ratio of grain yield to total aboveground biomass Auricle color Color of the auricle Auricle AurCol Colour coleoptile anthocyanin scale Calculation - Soil moisture content at wilting point Calculate as the ratio of soil oven-dried weight to soil fresh weight at wilting point. Volume Total volume of root system Root volume Root RtV Average grain length Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea. In the case of awned varieties, measure to a point comparable to the tip of the apiculus, i.e. excluding the awn. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains kg per kg Grain thickness Spikelet GrThk Thickness of grain with hull Thickness Udbatta disease The type and severity of udbatta disease symptoms caused by Balansia oryzae-sativae (Ephelis oryzae). Symptoms: a white mycelial mat ties the panicle branches together so that they emerge as single, small, cylindrical rods. Incidence Udbatta disease UDInc yellow stem borer deadheart damage scale gram Harvest grain from at least 5 m2/plot, discarding at least three border rows. Thresh, dry the rough (paddy) rice to 14% moisture content, and weigh. Yield measurement Ligule pubescence estimation Assess pubescence (hairiness) of the ligules under a hand lens. Flowering date flowering date Date of flowering FlwDate Plant DFlwS Time to flowering from sowing Time elapsed from date of sowing to flowering stage Time to flowering (from sowing) Spikelet awn color scale mature UPOV Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice Ligule margin shape determination Wild species: using a calliper or photo-enlarger, measure the average of 10 representative grains Average grain thickness Area PithA Pith Pith area Area of the hollow region of the culm Calculate from total number of tillers per hill and the area of the hills sampled Calculation - Tiller number per unit area bacterial blight damage scale field Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RTungroSev_Est_0to9 after 4 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Rice tungro disease estimation - greenhouse View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the wider portion of the culm pith Image analysis - Major pith diameter grassy stunt 1 disease scale The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Panicle blast incidence PBInc Panicle blast Incidence rice tungro disease scale Bacterial leaf streak damage estimation Estimate the type and severity of damage to leaves hoja blanca vegetative disease scale SubTol Submergence Tolerance Submergence tolerance The ability of plants to survive a period of submergence Length of penultimate leaf blade Leaf Leaf length Length LfLng Yield StDM Straw Straw dry matter weight (ie aboveground dry matter without the grains) per area Straw yield Calculation - Filled spikelet per panicle Calculate from the number of filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 gram per plant ppm Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected Bakanae disease incidence estimation mg g-1 dry matter % leaf area affected millimeter Stem Stem ash content Ash content in the stem StASH Ash content Damage PBDam The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Panicle blast damage Panicle blast FSD Filled spikelet density Number of spikelets with filled grains per unit area Number per area Filled spikelet Measure distance between the panicle neck node of the main culm and the panicle base, i.e. uppermost culm node. Repeat measurement on other representative plants and take the average. Average - Peduncle length Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Flag leaf angle estimation cult late False smut incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected Leaf Total number of fully expanded leaves produced per plant from germination to flowering Number per plant Leaf total number Lf Sterile lemma color examination wild Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Abortion pattern Describes the stage at which pollen grains abort in male sterile lines. Pollen Abortion pattern AP Colour of the pericarp Colour Pericarp colour PericCol Pericarp Number Half-filled spikelet densty HSpD Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per unit area Half-filled spikelet Weight per area Unfilled spikelets weight per area Spikelet UFSpY Dry weight of unfilled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis gram Estimate by eye the average angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical Culm angle estimation Flatness of the culm Culm Deformation CDef Culm degree of deformation Use an augmented experimental design, with a susceptible and resistant check (if available) after every 10 test entries. Replicate test entries three times if seed is available. Observe the proportion of plants with injured and folded leaves. The susceptible check should average at least 40% to accept the test as a measure of resistance Leaf folder injury assessment field If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm internode underlying colour examination day seeding date Date of effective seeding, ie the date when seeds were first moistened This may be the date of soaking for pre-soaked seed, or the date of sowing for dry seed sown onto a wet seedbed, or the date when rain or other moisture becomes available to seed sown dry on a dry seedbed Seeding date Plant SdDate Flag leaf-1 Area Flag leaf-1 area Area of the leaf below the flag leaf FL1A Anther length AnLt Anther length Anther Length Spikelet SpHill Number per hill Total number of spikelets per hill Spikelets per hill ligule color scale cult Estimate the % spikelet fertility of plants exposed to high temperature during ... ? Flowering? Ripening? Flowering heat injury yellow mottle disease scale Thrips damage assessment Estimate the severity of damage caused by thrips Caryopsis length UPOV scale The type and severity of tungro symptoms caused by the Rice tungro virus bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). Symptoms: yellow to yellow orange leaves, stunting and slightly reduced tillering Rice tungro disease Severity Rice tungro RTungroSev Culm number Culm Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers after full heading CulmNo Number grassy stunt 2 disease scale Kneeing ability presence Estimate presence/absence of knees after flowering in conditions where culms have fallen flat due to receding water flow. leaf blade greenness scale Calculation - Total dry matter Take the total dry weight of straw, rachis, and grain (filled and unfilled) and express on a per unit area EInt Culm internode Elongated internode number Number of elongated internodes on the culm Number Damage PDef Phosphorus deficiency The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of phosphorus in the growing medium Phosphorus deficiency damage Anther Colour AnCo Anther colour Colour of anther maturity scale UPOV Damage Case worm damage CaseWormDam Caseworm The extent of plant damage caused by caseworm (Nymphula depunctalis). Symptoms: only the papery upper epidermis of the leaf remains after larvae have fed on the internal leaf tissue Intact dehulled grain after milling Head milled rice rate HMRR Proportion Proportion of head rice (kernel longer or equal to 3/4 full length of the kernel) obtained from milling the rough rice (grain with hull) Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters Calculation - Culm diameter Immature apiculus color examination Examine the colour of the apiculus of immature lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references bird damage incidence scale panicle blast damage scale Manual measurement - SPAD meter reading Take flag leaf of randomly selected plants and do multiple SPAD readings from tip to base of the leaf. Panicle type assessment Estimate the orientation of primary branches on representative panicles by comparing them with a diagram of the categories or with photographs of the reference variety for each category Gel consistency lab measurement Place 0.1g ground rice in a test tube with thymol blue (0.025% in ethanol, 0.2 ml) and KOH (0.2N, 2 ml). Shake the tube to mix contents, boil (8 min), rest (5 min) and then place in an ice-bath (15 min). Lay cooled tubes flat on graph paper for 1 hour, and then measure the distance that the gel travels . Included standards, as the age of the rice, degree of milling and operator skill affect reproducibility: IR48 (85?90 mm), IR32 (72-75 mm) and IR42 (30-32 mm). culm node anthocyanin scale Remove leaf sheath and measure narrower width of the second elongated internode from the base and take the average Average - Minor culm diameter Leaves per plant Count only the number of panicles with lesions covering completely around the node, neck or lower part of the panicle axis (symptom type 7-9), and estimate their percentage Panicle blast incidence Mature apiculus anthocyanin examination Examine the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Average culm diameter - cultivated species Cultivated species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of three representative plants alkali injury scale Dry weight Dry weight of flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Pooled dry weight of the flag leaf and the leaf below it Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 FLpDw Calculate from total number of panicles per hill and the area of the hills sampled Calculation - Number of panicles per square meter Lemma and palea Colour ornamentation of the lemma and palea. It characterizes the colours present only on parts of the lemma and palea LmPColOrn Colour ornementation Lemma and palea color ornementation Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains Average grain width Water extraction capacity Capcaity of the plant to extract water from the soil Plant SMTwp Water extraction capacity Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers arising from the base of each plant Number per plant TillNo Tiller Tiller number per plant Endosperm type scale Number per plant Green leaf Green leaf number Number of green leaves on the main culm GLf View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the hollow region of the culm Image analysis - Pith area leaf senescence harvest scale collar color scale RD PanBrArr Arrangement Panicle branch arrangement Panicle branch The arrangement of primary branches on the panicle axis, grouped into whorls or individually on alternate sides The degree of male (pollen) sterility MaleSter Pollen sterility Sterility Male pollen Tillers per plant mature lemma and palea color scale SES Stem StLIG Stem total lignin content Lignin content Total lignin content in the stem Record the date of effective seeding Seeding date observation stigma color scale 1 PanN Number Panicle basal branch Panicle basal branch number Number of primary branches on the basal whorl of the panicle DiFlwS Spikelet Time elapsed from date of sowing to initial flowering stage Time to initial flowering (from sowing) Time to initial flowering from sowing ligule shape scale cult RD Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the stigmata when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare the colour against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Stigma color examination Calculation - Grain yield per plant Derive grain weight per plant from number of productive panicles per plant, 1000-grain weight, and number filled spikelets per panicle. Gall midge injury assessment field In a field test, observe the proportion of infected tillers. For the field test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, more than 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should be affected with not less than 15% silver shoot leaf blast damage scale Calculation - Degree of culm deformation Calculate the ratio of the difference between the major and minor culm diameters to the average culm diameter of the second internode from the base as measured via image analysis Observe the damage on the seedlings caused by green leafhopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Green leafhopper injury assessment field Measure five anthers exposed at anthesis and calculate their average Anther length measurement Salt Salt injury SaltInj The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in soils or other growth medium with high salt content Injury Culm Ratio of aerenchyma area to cortex area Specific porosity Culm specific porosity CulmSP panicle exsertion scale Examine the colour of the keel of immature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Keel anthocyanin immature examination Analytical measurement - Ash content Predict ash content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Spikelets per panicle RatDam Rat Damage Rat damage The extent of damage caused by rats. Symptoms: the tiller is cut at a 45 degrees angle. Damage is typically heavier in the center of a crop (stadium effect). A tiller cut through by a rodent is likely to regrow, if this is after maximum tillering then the regrown tiller is unlikely to produce panicles prior to harvest. Often the regrown, but non productive, tillers are not scored as rodent damage. Stem borer deadheart damage assessment At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart PGWC Proportion Chalky dehulled intact grain Proportion of head milled grains with chalkiness Proportion of grains with chalkiness Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of immature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Anthocyanin below apiculus examination immature Lemma phenol reaction Place hulls from 10 grains into a petri dish of 5 cm diameter, add 5 ml of 1.5% phenol solution, cover the petri dish, and keep at room temperature for 1 day. Observe the intensity of the reaction of the phnol on the lemmas kilogram per hectare mm Specific porosity ratio Estimate the propotion of tillers that are infected Stem rot incidence estimation The proportion and distribution of awned spikelets on a panicle Distribution Awn distribution Awn AwDist Calculation - Half-filled spikelet percentage Take the number of half-filled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100 Diameter 2nd elongated culm internode Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath CulmD Culm diameter - 2nd internode In a greenhouse test, observe the early injury from leaffolder to each leaf on young plants Leaffolder single leaf injury assessment Leaf blade anthocyanin distribution Estimate the penultimate leaf blade for distribution of any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade. Proportion of reproductive tillers Tiller fertility FerTil Fertile tiller Proportion count Keel anthocyanin mature examination Examine the colour of the keel of mature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Abortion pattern estimation Collect florets and fix in 3:1 Acetic acid:alcohol solution. Squeeze out pollen grains under a drop of acetocarmine stain, observe under a microscope at 10x10 magnification, and estimate the predominant staining behavior and number of nuclei visible Peduncle PedL Length of the stalk bearing the panicle Length Peduncle length Manual measurement - Gas exchange leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) mm/mm Anthocyanin content Purplish markings, if any, on nodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin Culm node Culm node anthocyanin CulmNodAnth Average flag leaf width Measure width at the widest portion of the flag leaf on five representative plants. Calculate average zinc deficiency injury scale Lemma phenol reaction PhenReac Lemma Describes the change in colour of lemmas in response phenol Phenol reaction percent Grain length score Surface area Root surface area Root RtA Total surface area of root system Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis Calculation - Spikelets unfilled weight on area basis Unfilled spikelet Unfilled spikelets per panicle USpPan Number Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per panicle Calculation - Stem diameter Take the average of major and minor stem diameters of the second elongated internode from the base Spikelets per panicle Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom transplanting Calculate the number of days between transplanting and initial flowering dates gram per plant 2nd elongated culm internode Length Second internode length Int2L Length of the second internode from the base Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per unit area Tiller density Tiller TilD Number per area culm diameter scale cult number of tillers Estimate by observing all leaves below the flag leaf for their retention of greenness when the grains are ready for harvesting Leaf senescence harvest estimation Shape of the sterile lemmas Sterile lemma shape LemaShp Shape Sterile lemma anthocyanin below apiculus scale immature Green leaves per plant Estimate the position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base Leaf angle Rice tungro disease estimation Estimate the stunting and discoloration Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 2 Bacterial blight race 2 damage estimation field stem borer deepwater damage scale Culm strength estimation - RD Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice Ligule shape determination - cultivated awn length scale wild Calculation - Head milled rice rate Calculate as the ratio of head rice weight (kernel longer than or equal to 3/4 full length of a kernel) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Calculation - Stomatal resistance Take inverse of stomatal conductance Image analysis - Culm wall thickness View cross-sectioned sample of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the thickness of the wall of the cross-sectioned culm male sterility scale Average - Canopy height Measure distance from soil surface to top level of the canopy of representative plants and take the average Colour of nodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings Underlying colour CulmNodUndCol Culm node Culm node underlying colour Image analysis - Culm area View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the cross-sectioned culm Height Seedling height Height of seedlings, measured from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade SeedlHt Seedling Calculation - Spikelets half-filled weight on area basis Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis Take the ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight Calculation - Flag leaf specific leaf area Spikelets per panicle Calculate ratio of total aerenchyma area to culm area Calculation - Partial culm porosity Shattering Describes the tendency of grains to fall off the panicle before it is threshed PanSh Panicle Panicle shattering Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per unit area Unfilled spikelets density USpD Unfilled spikelet Number per area leaf margin pubescence scale degree Celsius Calculation - Specific culm porosity Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area to cortex area day Fertility restoration evaluation Step 1 (pollen fertility: see pollen sterility score): Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the percentage that are fertile, and score. Step 2 (spikelet fertility): count the number of filled grains andtotal spikelets per panicle and convert into percentage fertile. Score the combination of pollen fertility with spikelet fertility Greeness Intensity of greenness on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade, if visible under any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin Leaf blade greenness Leaf blade LfBladGreen Zinc content - XRF fluorescence analyser Use standard laboratory procedure (XRF- Fluorescence Analyzer) to determine the zinc content in a sample of polished grain. The recommended sample size is 10g. If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet have different lengths, measure the average length of the longer sterile lemma of five spikelets Average sterile lemma length - longer RGSV1Sev Severity Grassy stunt 1 Grassy stunt 1 disease The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 1 virus (RGSV1). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with small rusty spots Predict total stem extractives content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra Analytical measurement - Total stem extractives content Total porosity ratio Extent to which the panicle is exserted above (i.e. protrudes from), as opposed to being enclosed within, the flag leaf sheath Panicle exsertion Exsertion Panicle PanExs Manual measurement - Gas exchange transpiration rate in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure transpiration rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Width of air spaces in the culm AerD Aerenchyma diameter Diameter Stem aerenchyma Panicle axis PanAxAtt Panicle axis attitude Attitude The attitude of the main axis of the panicle, which ranges from straight upright to droopy stem borer deadheart damage scale Apiculus of lemma Apiculus shape ApSh Shape Shape of the apiculus of the lemma Aerenchyma AurShp Auricle anthocyanin Auricle Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles Anthocyanin content Take ratio of grain yield to total dry matter per area Calculation - Harvest index grams per square meter Proportion Half-filled spikelets proportion Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are half-filled HFSpPct Half-filled spikelet Image analysis - Root diameter using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root diameter based on image Winrhyzo analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length. Half-filled spikelet weight per area Spikelet Dry weight of half-filled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis HFSpY Weight per area vegetative cold injury scale Leaffolder unadjusted injury rating In a greenhouse test where NT leaves have been scored using the single leaf injury score, calculate the injury rating R = (N1 + 2xN2 + 3xN3)x100% / (NTx3), where N1-N3 are the number of leaves with score 1-3 grain discoloration incidence scale ligule pubescence scale 1 cm Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration Grassy stunt 2 disease estimation Calculate as the product of percentage of grain with chalkiness and chalkiness size (area of chalkiness divided by the area of the whole grain). The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing). Calculation - Degree of endosperm chalkiness Internodes Examine the colour of the outside of the basal leaf sheath against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Basal leaf sheath color examination 1 Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Grassy stunt 1 disease index Spikelets per panicle Stem StSTA Stem starch content Starch content Starch content in the stem Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the width of ten caryopses at their widest point at right angles to its length and calculate their average Caryopsis width measurement panicle exsertion male sterile scale Phenotypic Acceptability Phenotypic Acceptability An overall assessment of phenotypic acceptability of the grains for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets PhenAcc Grain Observe the proportion of plants that are lodged at harvest Lodging incidence estimation Measure the length of main axis of the mature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average Average panicle length - mature Panicles per plant Observe the presence or absence of awns on maturing spikelets Awn presence The extent of damage caused by rice delphacid (Sogatodes oryzicola (Tagosodes orizicolus)). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. Rice delphacid RDelphDam Damage Rice delphacid Leaf blade greenness Visually estimate the penultimate leaf blade for the intensity of greenness. Average - Number of elongated internodes Count number of elongated internodes starting from the base of the main culm to the neck node Calculate the number of days between the heading date and the date of exsertion of the last spikelet Calculation - Days to panicle exsertion Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice Ligule shape determination - wild sterile lemma length scale Manual measurement - ORAC assay Take leaf sap from youngest fully expanded leaves, trolox equivalent of samples obtained by regression equation with trolox standard drought scale leaf rolling millimolar trolox equivalent mm Branches per panicle millimeter anthocyanin below apiculus scale mature percent Stem Sucrose content in the stem Sucrose content StSUC Stem sucrose content Stem Stem dry weight Mass Total dry weight of stem and sheath per plant SDWplt Culm strength estimation - SES Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground at intervals from harvest to maturity Grow the male sterile line in the field, ensuring an abundant supply of pollen from other plants while it is flowering. Calculate the proportion of seed set on the out-pollinated primary panicles Outcrossing calculation bakanae disease incidence scale Phenotypic acceptability estimation Before starting to score phenotypic acceptability, define what is excellent, good ... unacceptable grain for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets, and then score the phenotypic acceptability of mature grain Root Diameter of a cross-section of the root RtD Root diameter Diameter Damage StemBorer The extent of damage caused by stem borers, which include Chilo suppressalis (striped), C. polychrysus (dark headed), Rupela albinella (South American white), Scirpophaga incertulas (yellow), S innotata (white), Sesamia inferens (pink), Maliarpha separatella (African whiteheads), Diopsis macrophthalma (Stalked-eyed fly), and several other species Stem borer damage Stem borer submergence survival scale panicle length UPOV scale abortion pattern scale The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains PBSev Panicle blast severity Panicle blast Severity StmRotInc Stem rot The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by Magnaporthe salvinii (Nakatea sigmoidea, Sclerotium oryzae) and Helminthosporium sigmoideum var. irregulare. Symptoms: dark lesions develop on the stems near the water line. Small, dark bodies (sclerotia) develop, weaken the stem and cause lodging. Incidence Stem rot secondary panicle branching scale basal leaf sheath anthocyanin scale flowering heat injury scale Caryopsis length/width ratio scale SES grain width UPOV scale Calculation -grain yield correction to 14% moisture content Correct the oven-dried grain yield to 14% moisture content number of panicles per plant scale Take the average stem aerenchyma area and multiply by the stem aerenchyma number Calculation - Total aerenchyma area Press spikelets between fingers to check which have filled grains inside. Test five representative panicles to estimate the percentage of spikelets that are filled score Spikelet fertility score Anthocyanin content KeelAnth Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the keel of the lemma Keel Keel anthocyanin mature lemma and palea color scale IRRI Predict lignin content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Lignin content yellow dwarf disease scale Lodging incidence % Indicate % of plants that lodged case worm damage scale Lemma and palea LmPCol Colour of the lemma and palea Colour Lemma and palea color View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the diameter of the air space in the culm Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma diameter Grassy stunt 1 disease estimation Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damages on seedlings Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment greenhouse Ligule Shape Ligule shape Shape of the ligule LigShp Average - Total leaf number Count number of fully expanded leaves that appeared on representatiove plants from germination to flowering. Take the average number Calculation - Grain yield from plant density Take yield per plant and multiply with plants density NRGQASC - Grain thickness Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse scale percent Alkali injury assessment Observe growth in alkaline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores. StCWC Cell wall carbohydrate content in the stem Wall carbohydrate content Stem cell wall carbohydrate content Stem Average - Panicles per plant Count the number of panicles on representative plants and compute the average Leaf Photosynthetic rate PS Carbon dioxide assimilation rate of the leaf Photosynthetic rate Compute the length/width ratio Caryopsis length:width ratio SES Seed germination SdGerm Germination Seed The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis. awn color scale mature IRRI The extent of damage caused by thrips (Stenchaetothrips biformis) Thrip damage ThripDam Damage Thrip Calculate as the sum of filled, half-filled and unfilled spikelets per area Calculation - Spikelets per square meter LfFolderDam Damage The extent of leaf damage caused by leaffolder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis or Marasmia patnalis). Symptoms: Larvae consume the leaf tissue except the epidermis, causing typical white streaks. They create a leaf tube during later stages of feeding Leaffolder Leaffolder damage Tillers per hill day Observe the shape of the caryopsis in lateral view Caryopsis shape UPOV millimeter Observe the vigor, leaf colour and damage to seedlings grown at 10 degrees C Seedling cold injury Outcrossing extent Describes the extent of outcrossing of male sterile lines Outcrossing extent OutXExt Plant Average culm diameter Compute the average diameter of the basal portion of the main culm on three representative plants square millimeter sheath blight relative height scale Near grain maturity, observe the proportion of panicles that have whiteheads. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 10% of panicles with whiteheads Stem borer whitehead damage assessment Image analysis - Major culm diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the wider portion of the culm Average - Flag leaf-1 length Measure length of representative leaves below the flag leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade. Take the average length StgExers Describes the tendency of stigmas to be exserted on one or both sides of the florets Stigma Stigma exsertion Exsertion whitebacked planthopper injury scale field Calculation - Grain yield from components of yield 1/ oven dry the harvested grains to constant dry weight. 2/ Derive the grain yield from the panicle density, the 1000-grain weight, the number of filled spikelets per panicle or spikelets per panicle and filled spikelet percentage Take yield expressed on an area basis and multiply with plot size Calculation - Grain yield per plot Panicles per plant Type Endosperm EndoType A broad classification of the type of endosperm based on the presence or absence of amylose Endosperm type Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 1 Bacterial blight race 1 damage estimation field lemma and palea pubescence scale UPOV Color of stigma StgmCol Stigma Stigma color Colour Average - Major stem diameter Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the wider portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter. Wild species: take a random sample of 10 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance 10 grain weight measurement millimeter Grain discoloration incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of glumes that are discoloured mm ? No info in SES on how to identify the group Male sterility group assignment cm mmol H2O m-2 s-1 Incidence The type and severity of kernel smut symptoms caused by Tilletia barclayana causing kernel smut. KSmut Kernel smut Kernel smut Stem aerenchyma Area Aerenchyma area AerA Area of an air space in a cross-section of the culm Culm total porosity CulmTP Total porosity Ratio of aerenchyma and pith area to culm area Culm Measure the ratio of the length of cooked to uncooked polished (white) rice grains Grain elongation ratio Average - Tiller number per hill Count all tillers of representative hills and take the average per hill culm node anthocyanin intensity scale Estimate the extent to which leaves dry on exposure to drought Drought estimation leaf drying 100 grain weight measurement Cultivated species: take a random sample of 100 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance Spikelets per panicle g per 100 spikelets Plant Plant height Height Plant height defined as distance from the soil surface to the highest point of the plant (panicle or flag leaf) excluding awns PlntHt RtL Length Total root length Root length Root Culm angle Angle Angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical Culm CulmAng udbatta disease incidence scale leaf length scale In a greenhouse test, grow each line in culture solution under two conditions: 0.5ppm P (low P) and 10ppm P (standard P). Estimate the propoprtion of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P Phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse RhyzForm Formation Describes the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers in the mature plant Rhizome/stolon Rhizome and stolon formation Brown planthopper injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of brown planthoppers and observe the damage on the seedlings Calculation - Flag leaf area Calculate as length times the width of the uppermost leaf on the main culm, multiplied by a constant (0.725) phenotypic acceptability scale immature apiculus anthocyanin scale The type and severity of false smut symptoms caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. Symptoms: Infected grains are transformed into yellow-greenish or greenish-black velvety-looking spore balls. False smut False smut FSmut Incidence Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 2 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Brown planthopper biotype 2 injury assessment Leaf blade anthocyanin presence Estimate visually the presence or absence of a purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf blade anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade awn color scale anthesis UPOV brown planthopper biotype 1 injury scale mg g-1 dry matter Place non-dormant grains on moistened filter paper and cover with a petri-dish lid during germination. After the coleoptiles have reached a length of about 5 mm in darkness, place them in artificial light (daylight equivalent) at 750-1250 lux continuously for 3 to 4 days, at a temperature of 25 to 30 degrees Centigrade. Observe colour when the coleoptile is fully with first leaf just emerging (about 6 to 7 days) Coleoptile anthocyanin evaluation % Calculate the average length of the awns on 10 randomly selected spikelets Average awn length flag leaf angle scale wild apiculus shape scale Spikelets per panicle Cultivated species: grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action Panicle threshability estimation RD Take the ratio of number of green leaves at maturity to the number of green leaves at flowering Calculation - Stay-green Estimate the % of leaf area that have been scraped by case worms Case worm damage assessment seedling vigor scale day TilProd Productive tiller number per plant Total number of productive tillers arising from the base of each plant Number per plant Reproductive tiller ragged stunt disease scale bacterial leaf streak damage scale phosphorus deficiency tillering field scale No scale name found square millimeter mature apiculus anthocyanin scale millimeter Calculate culm area minus the pith area Calculation - Culm wall area day Stem elongation estimation Estimate the ability of stems to elongate based on comparison with check varieties. Specify water depth under which the data was recorded mg g-1 dry matter vegetative vigor scale g per 1000 spikelets FSpPan Number per panicle Filled spikelet Filled spikelets per panicle Number of spikelets with a filled grain per panicle brown planthopper injury scale field Time elapsed from date of emergence to flowering stage Spikelet Time to flowering (from emergence) DFlwE Time to flowering from emergence Length Flag leaf-1 Length of leaf below the flag leaf FL1L Flag leaf-1 length Count all tillers arising from representative plants and compute the average Average - Tiller number per plant Number of panicles per plant count Count the average number of panicles per plant. hoja blanca reproductive disease scale ApCol Color of the apiculus of the lemma Apiculus of lemma Apiculus color Colour Calculate as the ratio of brown rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls removed) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Calculation - Brown rice rate panicle threshability scale RD fertility restoration scale Culm node anthocyanin presence Estimate the presence/absence of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm. length to width ratio Panicle axis texture scale TMat Time to maturity Time elapsed from effective seeding date to grain ripening defined as when 80-85% of grains on panicle are mature (growth stage 9) Maturity Plant leaf blade pubescence scale UPOV Awn color examination mature UPOV / IRRI Examine the colour of the awns after harvest against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Water vapor resistance Stomata Inverse of stomatal conductance Stomatal resistance Rs bacterial blight race 2 damage scale field Zinc deficiency injury ZnDefInj The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of zinc in the growing medium Zinc deficiency Injury Size (area) of the flag leaf relative to the size (ie area) of the leaf below it Flag leaf relative size FLsizeR Relative size Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Spikelets per hill Drought estimation leaf rolling Estimate the extent of leaf rolling on exposure to drought millimeter Measure the length of main axis of the immature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average Average panicle length - immature cm/cm leaf blade anthocyanin distribution scale Caryopsis width scale variable_of Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters measured by image analysis Calculation - Culm diameter from image analysis count Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin Anthocyanin content Basal leaf sheath BLSAnth outcrossing scale Cook freshly harvested grains and smell the aroma Sensed aroma cooked mm Sterile lemma color examination cult Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Incidence Sheath rot The type and severity of sheath rot symptoms caused by Soracladium oryzae. Symptoms: oblong or irregular brown to grey lesions on the leaf sheath near panicle, sometimes coalescing to prevent emergence of panicle. Sheath rot ShRotInc awn color scale immature SES iron injury scale awn presence scale UPOV Whitebacked planthopper WBPH Whitebacked planthopper damage Damage The extent of damage caused by whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. GlOp Glume opening Glume Opening The extent to which the glumes (i.e. the lemma and palea) of a floret open during blooming Caryopsis length SES scale brown planthopper biotype 2 injury scale brown planthopper injury scale greenhouse Drought estimation spikelet sterility Estimate the proportion of spikelet fertility after exposure to drought leaf blade pubescence scale IRRI cult Specific area Ratio of area to dry weight of the leaf below the flag leaf Flag leaf-1 Flag leaf-1 specific leaf area FL1Sla Ratio of aerenchyma area to culm area Culm partial porosity CulmPP Culm Partial porosity % Take the ratio of leaf area to leaf dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf Calculation - Flag leaf -1 specific leaf area Measure the distance between the second and third nodes, counting from the base of the main culm. Repeat measurement on other representative plant. Take the average Average - Length of second internode Time of 50% heading scale Thickness Thickness of awns Awn AwThk Awn thickness Examine pollen grains under a microscrope and estimate the proportion that are sterile Male sterility estimation Average panicle basal branch number Count the number of primary panicle branches attached to the basal whorl of representative panicles, and calculate the average Collar Anthocyanin content Collar anthocyanin Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the collars CollAnth cm Average - Stem dry weight Oven dry representative stems at 70degC to constant weight. Weigh and take the average stem weight Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Grassy stunt 2 disease index Sterility cause MaleSterGp A classification of male sterility according to the type or cause of sterility Male sterility group Male pollen Awn Awn length Length Length of awns AwLng Incidence Lodging Describes the tendency of plants to lodge /(fall flat/) Lodging incidence LodInc bacterial blight damage scale greenhouse For deepwater rice, make dissections of 20 or more tillers per plot or row after heading, count the numbers of infested tillers and estimate the proportion of infested tillers Stem borer deepwater damage assessment Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh. Weighing - filled grain weight Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per panicle Number per panicle Half-filled spikelets per panicle Half-filled spikelet HFSpPan SDMin Stem minor diameter - 2nd internode 2nd elongated stem internode Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath Minor diameter The extent of plant damage caused by rice bug (Leptocorisa oratorisa). Rice bug damage Damage Rice bug RBugDam pericarp colour UPOV scale Take the ratio of flag leaf area to area of the leaf below the flag leaf Calculation - Relative flag leaf size Flag leaf length Length of the uppermost leaf of the main culm Flag leaf FlgLfLng Length View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the narrower portion of the culm Image analysis - Minor culm diameter Estimate the % leaf area diseased Brown spot damage estimation Gel consistency Consistency Describes the consistency of a rice gel formed by grinding, chemically treating, boiling, and cooling a sample of grains. This measures the tendency of cooked rice to harden on cooling, a function of carbohydrate composition GelC Gel cm2 cm-2 mm pollen sterility scale Take the ratio of the pooled flag leaf area and the pooled flag leaf oven dry weight Calculation - Specific leaf area of pooled flag leaf Estimate the type and severity of symptoms Yellow mottle disease assessment centimeter Time to maturity from sowing Time to maturity (from sowing) DMatS Time elapsed from date of sowing to physiological maturity stage Spikelet Filling rate Spikelet Dry mass accumulated per panicle per unit of time GFR Grain filling rate culm length scale Tillering scale Cultivated species: measure the length of the longest awn Longest awn length Narrow brown leaf spot estimation Estimate the % leaf area diseased scale_of leaf angle scale gram Collar color Observe the colour of the leaf collar against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references Culm node anthocyanin distribution Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. millimeter ligule shape scale UPOV Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Flag leaf angle estimation cult early degree Celsius chalkiness 0-9 scale Sheath blight relative height estimation Estimate the relative lesion height, as the average height above the soil of the uppermost lesion on a leaf blade or leaf sheath expressed as a percentage of the average plant height. millimeter Leaf Dry weight per plant Leaf dry weight per plant Total dry weight of leaves per plant LDWplt mg g-1 dry matter Spikelet sterility Sterile spikelet Proportion SpkSter Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain unfilled grains Oven dry representative flag leaf -1 at 70degC to constant weight and weigh. Take the average weight Average - Oven dry weight Phosphorus deficiency tillering field In a field test, grow each line under two conditions: without P fertilizer (low P) and with 25kg P/ha fertilizer (standard P). Estimate the number of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P false smut incidence scale No of chromosomes Zinc content in polished grain Zinc content Milled polished grain Zinc content in grain Immature apiculus anthocyanin examination Examine the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of immature lemmas mm Panicle dry weight per plant Panicle Panicle dry weight per plant Weight per plant PDWplt Submergence survival assessment Field evaluation: estimate the proportion of plants that survive submergence after floodwater recedes. Record the duration of submergence mm No scale name found culm angle UPOV scale brown spot damage scale Manual measurement - Leaf surface temperature in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf temperature with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Take the number of days to flowering and add 30 days Calculation - Days to maturity awn length scale cult Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath CDMin 2nd elongated culm internode Culm minor diameter - 2nd internode Minor diameter % Proportion of leaves that stayed green until the maturity stage Proportion Stay-green Green leaf SGr mm FertRest Fertility restoration Fertility restoration This is a compound trait used for F1 hybrids combining the proportion of fertile spikelets at maturity with the proportion of fertile pollen at anthesis Plant mm Average - Grain yield per plant Measure weight of filled grains from primary and secondary panicles harvested on one plant. Repeat measurement on representative plants. Take the average Cultivated species: visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering. Ligule color estimation - cultivated No scale name found lemma and palea pubescence scale IRRI culm node anthocyanin presence scale Brown planthopper biotype 3 injury assessment Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 3 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings sensed aroma uncooked scale culm diameter scale UPOV Spikelet GrLng Grain length Length of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea Length grams per day millimeter gram Calculate the number of days between sowing and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Calculation - Days to 50% flowering from sowing drought scale spikelet sterility ligule shape scale wild Purplish markings, if any, on internodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin Anthocyanin content Culm internode Culm internode anthocyanin CulmINodAnth DiFlwT Time elapsed from date of transplanting to initial flowering stage Time to intitial flowering from transplanting Time to initial flowering (from transplanting) Spikelet gel consistency scale g per 1000 spikelets thrips damage scale Proportion Milled rice rate MRR Dehulled grain after milling and polishing Proportion of milled and polished (processed) rice obtained from rough rice (grain with hull) Calculation - Total stem material Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content from PLS-FTIR analysis grams per square meter Tillers per m2 Culm strength scale SES Awn distribution scale flowering cold injury scale Take subsample of unfilled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain Average - unfilled spikelet weight Leaf blast damage amount Estimate the percentage of leaf area affected by leaf blast Panicle branch arrangement assessment Observe whether primary branches on the panicle axis are grouped into whorls or are borne individually on alternate sides square centimeter Average flag leaf length Measure length of the flag leaf, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average Partial porosity ratio millimeter gram Panicle blast damage estimation Observe the damage to panicles Porosity ratio rice whorl maggot damage scale Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh. Weighing - filled grain weight Iron injury assessment Observe growth in soil with toxic concentrations of iron Polish a sample of rice and evaluate a representative sample visually. Estimate the proportion of the kernel area that appears chalky white, particularly with respect to the belly, the center, and the back. Chalkiness visual assessment Predict cell wall carbohydrate composition using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Cell wall carbohydrate composition cm2 g-1 % of plants that lodged Anther colour examination Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the anthers when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Use 3-digit scale codes for common scoring system across all colour traits mm Wild species: estimate visually the colour of ligules at anthesis. Ligule color estimation - wild ORAC Antioxydant activity Antioxidant activity of leaf extracts Leaf Oxygen radical absorbance capacity Ligule Presence and distribution of hairs on ligules Pubescence Ligule pubescence LigPub Code PanD Panicle density Number Number of panicles per unit area Panicle Anthocyanin content Leaf blade LfBladAnth Leaf blade anthocyanin Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade drought scale leaf drying Leaf blast damage type Assess the type of lesion auricle color scale 1000 grain (14%MC)weight measurement Weigh a random sample of 1000 well-developed, whole grains dried to 14% moisture content gram Spikelet Weight per plant Grain yield per plant Amount of grain (weight) produced per one plant GYplt cm2 g-1 auricle anthocyanin presence scale Caryopsis shape scale UPOV Protein content in the stem Stem protein content Protein content StPRO Stem Brown planthopper injury assessment field Observe the damage on the plants caused by brown planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage spikelet fertility scale SES ufra incidence scale millimeter grams per square meter millimeter Code micromol CO2 m-2 s-1 View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the average area of the air spaces in the culm Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma area mature lemma and palea ornamentation scale UPOV Observe the attitude of the main axis of the panicle Panicle axis observation Days centimeter percent Wild species: assess the texture of the main panicle axis by rubbing fingers from the base towards the tip and assess the smoothness Panicle axis texture assessment sterile lemma color scale wild Estimate the earliness of the heading in plots, defining time of heading as the date when 50% of plants have panicles halfway emerged Time of 50% heading estimation Purple pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the coleoptile ColeoAnth Coleoptile Anthocyanin content Coleoptile anthocyanin SPAD unit spikelet fertility scale RD Ragged stunt disease index Score RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9 5 weeks after inoculation in the greenhouse, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored . leaf blade pubescence scale wild Stigma exsertion calculation Count the number of florets that have completed anthesis on a given day and the number of those florets that have exserted stigma on one or both sides of the floret. Calculate the proportion of florets with exserted stigma cm Leaf blade pubescence estimation wild Wild species: assess the hairiness and the location of hairs on the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards. Awn distribution observation Observe the distribution of awned spikelets along a panicle mg g-1 dry matter % Awn presence AwPres Presence Awn Presence of awns immature apiculus color IRRI scale Estimate the tiller angle at the point of kneeing Kneeing ability estimation SES Image analysis - Root surface area using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root surface area based on image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length. Surface area is calculated from root diameter and length assuming the root has a round cross-section. ApAnth Anthocyanin content Apiculus of lemma Apiculus anthocyanin Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of the lemma Rat damage incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of plants that are damaged by rats Rhizome formation observation Wild species: observe the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers around the base of a potted plant when it is ready for harvest Calculate the number of days between emergence and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Calculation - Days to flowering from emergence culm internode anthocyanin presence scale Calculation - Milled rice rate Calculate as the ratio of milled rice weight to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 mature lemma and palea color scale UPOV ligule margin shape scale panicle type scale UPOV % square meter per second per mol of water millimeter Calculation - Spikelets per hill Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of hills per m2 mol H2O m-2 s-1 Culm node anthocyanin intensity Observe the intensity of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm. Caryopsis length measurement Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the length of ten caryopses and calculate the average Average - Productive tiller number per plant Count all productive tillers in representative plants and take the average awn presence scale wild Number of panicles per plant estimation Estimate the average number of panicles per plant. % gall midge injury scale field Brown rice protein content Use standard laboratory procedure to measure the protein content of brown rice grains at 14% moisture content cm apiculus color SES scale millibars Average - Minor stem diameter Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the narrower portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter. square millimeter Plant height average Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of represenrtative plants and calculate the average grams per square meter cm sheath rot incidence scale g per 1000 spikelets kneeing ability presence scale grams per square meter percent Estimate the proportion of germinated seeds Seed germination 1 culm internode anthocyanin scale bacterial blight race 1 damage scale field Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected Udbatta disease incidence estimation leaf folder injury scale field Unfilled spikelets TUfGW Unfilled grain weight Weight Dry weight of an unfilled spikelet, including the hull Panicle threshability estimation SES Grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action drought grade 1-5 drought recovery scale Maturity days after seeding Monitor daily , note the date when 80-85% of grains on panicles are mature, and count the number of days lapsed since the date of effective seeding count Lodging incidence scale Calculate the number of days between sowing and initial flowering dates Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom sowing narrow brown leaf spot scale rice delphacid injury scale greenhouse Calculation - Days to flowering from transplanting Calculate the number of days between transplanting and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Cervitec reading Vapourise the main component of aroma in rice (2AP: 2-acetyl-1pyrroline)) by adding 10 ml of a 1.7% solution of KOH to 2 g of freshly harvested decorticated grains. Smell the aroma after ten minutes Sensed aroma uncooked At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart caused by Scirpophaga incertulas. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart Yellow stem borer deadheart damage assessment day sterile lemma color scale cult salt injury scale SpkFer The proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains Fertility Spikelet Spikelet fertility Hoja blanca vegetative disease estimation Estimate the proportion of young plants with leaves showing symptoms View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the narrower portion of the culm pith Image analysis - Minor pith diameter Observe growth in saline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores. Salt injury assessment degree Celsius g per plot Panicle branch arrangement scale Calculation - Filled spikelet percentage Take the number of filled spikelets and divide by the total number of spikelets per panicle, multiply by 100 method_of immature lemma and palea colour scale stem borer whitehead damage scale millimeter millimeter millimeter