Jeffrey Detras KSmut_Est_0to9 KERNEL_SMUT IRRI IRRI Jeffrey Detras GallMidgeDam_EstFld_0to9 GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE PTH THR_SCOR_1_3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras PanThr_Est_1to3 Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves brown or yellow 7 4 Hard 36-40 mm Purple apex 7 Leaves healthy 0 FLW_DATE FlwDate_1stFlw_Date IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfMargPub_Est_1to2 LMPUB Jeffrey Detras IRRI IRRI LmPColOrn_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras 2 light brown HeatSens_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras HTOL IRRI LfBladAnth_DistEst_1to4 Jeffrey Detras Pubescent 3 5 medium BRR_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI TFlwT_CM_d 3 5-10% infected panicles Scented 2 GYplt_CM_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI RDelphDam_EstFld_0to9 Jeffrey Detras RICE_DELPHACID Horizontal 5 Lesions only on bottom 20% of the plant 1 IRRI HFSpPct_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin 5 Intermediate (lowland: 110-130 cm, upland: 90-125 cm) 7 Strong Julie Pasuquin GLf_Av_LfPlt IRRI IRRI SPIKELET_STERILITY Jeffrey Detras SpkSter_Comp_1to9 7 Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead 7 31-50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration gold furrows 2 9 61% and above AmyCt_NIRS_Pct CIAT AMY CÈcile Grenier Julie Pasuquin StSTR_AM_mgg IRRI Acute to acuminate 1 Jeffrey Detras AurShp_Est_1to9 IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI CulmD_IA_mm Less than 1% 1 Highly fertile >90% 1 011 1 0 None awnless RtL_Win_cm IRRI Julie Pasuquin CMD IRRI Jeffrey Detras CulmDiam_CultAv_1or2 7 Yellow to orange and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withfew small tillers 070 Red 4 ENDO Jeffrey Detras EndoType_Est_1to3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras DhtInj_EstRoll_0to9 DRS_DRY_0_9 IRRI 11-25% covered 5 CML IRRI Jeffrey Detras CulmLng_Av_cm Jeffrey Detras SEN_CO_1_9 LSEN LfSen_Est_1to9 IRRI 5 11-15% Intermediate: 25-50% of grains removed 2 yellowish 2 IRRI RaggedStuntSev_Index_Pct RAGGED_STUNT Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH StrLmLng_AvShort_1to9 IRRI 0 0% Jeffrey Detras YELLOW_DWARF YellowDwarfSev_Est_0to9 IRRI Julie Pasuquin FlgLfLng_Av_cm FLL_MM_cm IRRI FGLL 5 6-25% Good 3 STEM_ROT StmRotInc_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 3 11-20% Jeffrey Detras CulmNodUndCol_Est_0to2 IRRI NOCO Very weak 1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI PlntVg_VegEst_1to9 VG 6 red LfST_CM_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI FLA IRRI FlgLfAng_EarlAv_1to7 Jeffrey Detras GelTemp GelTemp_PkTemp_Deg IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI FGLW Jeffrey Detras FLW_MM_cm FlgLfWdt_Av_cm 1 Less than 1% black 9 7-9 Sensitive 41-60% 5 HeadT_50Est_1to7 HDG IRRI FLW Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras AwCol_MatEst_UPOV1to9 ANC AWCO IRRI 5 More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting Fully awned 2 Jeffrey Detras PSH IRRI THR_SCOR_1_3 PanSh_Est_1to9 9 51-100% Jeffrey Detras AwCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to9 AWCO ANC IRRI 1 Glabrous (no hairs) 0 No infection observed VG PlntVg_SdEst_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Kernel swollen, high gel temp (>74C) 2 4 5 Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area LEAF_SCALD IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfScald_Est_0to9 IRRI Julie Pasuquin RtD_Win_mm 3 Moderately strong most plants bending 4 084 Purple lines LEAFFOLDER IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfFolderDam_EstFld_0to9 IRRI StemBorer_DeepWatEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras STEM_BORER_DAMAGE BLCO Jeffrey Detras LfBladGreen_Est_0to3 IRRI ColdSens_VegEst_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CTOL IRRI BPHDam_Fld_0to9 Jeffrey Detras BPH Long 3 DRT7_DRY_0_9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras DhtRecov_Est_0to9 2 pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 90% fertile or above 9 Very strong Vegetative crown and stolon 2 StgExers_Comp_1to9 STIGMA_EXSERTION IRRI Jeffrey Detras GRWT GRNWT IRRI Jeffrey Detras GrnWt_1000Wgh_1to7 90-100% 1 Julie Pasuquin IRRI PedL_Av_cm 9 Tall (lowland: more than 130 cm, upland: more than 125 cm) IRRI Jeffrey Detras AwPres_WildEst_0to2 ANP IRRI GLO Jeffrey Detras GlOp_Av_1to9 TillNo_Comp_1to9 IRRI TI Julie Pasuquin IRRI StASH_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin CulmTP_CM_r IRRI Julie Pasuquin 062 6 attribute 052 Brown (tawny) 3 PhenAcc_Est_1to9 PHENOTYPIC_ACCEPTABILITY IRRI Jeffrey Detras No disease observed 0 Leaves fully cupped in U-shape 5 26% and above 9 Completely sterile 0% 1 RGSV1Sev_Index_Pct Jeffrey Detras RGSV1 IRRI LigCol_CultEst_0to5 IRRI LIGULE_COLOR Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras FSmut_Est_0to9 FALSE_SMUT 1 Very slight injury IRRI LigShp_WilEst_0to7 LIGULE_SHAPE Jeffrey Detras 2 LEAF_LENGTH LfLng_Av_cm IRRI Jeffrey Detras LG IRRI Jeffrey Detras LodInc_Meas_pct IRRI BLSAnth_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras BLSCO_ANTH IRRI CulmD_CM_mm Julie Pasuquin Intermediate 5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras UfraDam_Est_0to9 UFRA UDInc_Est_0to9 IRRI UDBATTA_DISEASE Jeffrey Detras 053 5 MSTERILE Jeffrey Detras POLLEN_STERILITY IRRI MaleSter_UPOVEst_1to3 tolerant 1-3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfBladPub_CultEst_UPOV1to7 LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE AWDIST Jeffrey Detras IRRI AwDist_Est_1to5 IRRI MALE_STERILITY_GROUP Jeffrey Detras MaleSterGp_Est_1to6 5 Sterile (95%-98.9%) 6-10% 4 1 Very short <11 cm ANL IRRI AwLng_CultMax_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 020 2 IRRI CwallA_CM_mm2 Julie Pasuquin 9 Drooping FLSla_CM_cm2g Julie Pasuquin IRRI Julie Pasuquin USpD_CM_spk IRRI IRRI Jeffrey Detras SLSH LemaShp_Est_0to3 0 No damage Julie Pasuquin SDMin_Av_mm IRRI IRRI CaryoWdt_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras GrWdt_Av_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras GRW Jeffrey Detras GLhDam_EstFld_0to9 GLH IRRI 5 084 3 040 Strong rhizomes and no tubers 5 Julie Pasuquin GY_CM_kgha IRRI IRRI Jeffrey Detras RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9 RAGGED_STUNT IRRI CulmINodUnderCol_Est_0to2 Jeffrey Detras INCO Medium 5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CaryoShp_Comp_1to9 IRRI THfGW Julie Pasuquin HfGW_Av_g1000gr pbra PanBrArr_Est_1or2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras HojaBlancaSev_VegEst_0to9 HOJA_BLANCA IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI FlwDate_80Flw_Date Jeffrey Detras FLW_DATE IRRI Jeffrey Detras LEAF_ANGLE LfAng_Est_SES1to9 Very short <5 mm 1 IRRI CulmNo_Av_Culm Jeffrey Detras CMN Jeffrey Detras CulmNodAnth_IntensEst_1to9 IRRI Long (~70 cm) 7 IRRI LmPCol_MatEst_UPOV1to6 Jeffrey Detras IRRI FerTil_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin RGSV1 RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves whitish and rolled 3 FlgLfAng_LateAv_1to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras FLA 3 Abortion at uni-nucleate stage of pollen (CMS-WA type) 4 Strongly drooping 061 Light green 5 2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras ChrNo_Count_Chr 7 2-cleft Absent 0 LigShp_CultEst_RD0to3 IRRI LIGULE_SHAPE Jeffrey Detras long 3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LmPPub_Est_UPOV1to9 LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE 2 Small roundish to slightly elongated, necrotic gray spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter, with a distinct brown margin. Lesions are mostly found on the lower leaves. UFSpPan_CompD_SpPan Julie Pasuquin IRRI Brown (tawny) 5 Jeffrey Detras GlOp_Av_deg GLO IRRI Jeffrey Detras GelC_Meas_1to5 GELC IRRI 1 short dist_post PanBasBrDist_Av_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin IRRI CulmA_IA_mm2 MAT TMat_Meas_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Very long (>80 cm) 9 Poor 7 Erect 1 3 Stunting slight, tillering decreased, some basal leaves brown or yellow Rolling of entire length of all leaves, pronounced yellowing 7 Reddish to light purple 6 above 70% 1 AMY IRRI AmyCt_Meas_Pct Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras HojaBlancaSev_ReproEst_0to9 HOJA_BLANCA IRRI 40-59% 5 Julie Pasuquin GY_CM_gm2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras PanAxAtt_Est_UPOV1to2 PANICLE_AXIS IRRI Jeffrey Detras P1 PDef_GHEst_1to9 IRRI very strong 9 Short to intermediate 91-105 cm 4 1 pollen and spikelets both 90% fertile or above Normal, most plants with 4-leaves 5 Jeffrey Detras SCCO IRRI PericCol_Exam_1to7IRRI 3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing Broad 7 5 8-15% 9 Well exserted IRRI AwLng_WildAv_0to9 Jeffrey Detras ANL IRRI Jeffrey Detras PNO PanNo_Count_PanPlnt NUMBER_OF_PANICLES 3 40-49 degrees IRRI Jeffrey Detras LigPub_Est_1to3 LIGULE_PUBESCENCE Julie Pasuquin IRRI FLA_CM_cm2 ShBltInc_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras SHB IRRI 6 070 Red purple 5 LmPPub_Est_IRRI1to5 Jeffrey Detras LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI DrG_Est_sc1to5 IRRI CollCol_Est_SES0to3 CC Jeffrey Detras 1 Entire KeelAnth_ImmatEst_0to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras early 3 7 26-40% covered Nuclear type 6 2 Jeffrey Detras StrLmCol_Est_1to9 IRRI STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR Cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction type (CMS) 1 IRRI GrT_MM_mm Julie Pasuquin 3 042 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfLng_Av_1to9 LEAF_LENGTH Growth and tillering nearly normal, reddish-brown spots or orange discoloration on tips of older leaves 1 WBPH IRRI Jeffrey Detras WBPH_EstGH_0to9 light red 5 1 Glabrous No damage 0 IRRI Jeffrey Detras STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH StrLmLng_AvLong_1to9 1 Straight 8 087 IRRI CMD CulmDiam_CultAv_mm Jeffrey Detras 100% of performance of tolerant check 1 IRRI GY_CMD_gm2 Julie Pasuquin 1 slight yellowing of a few plants 1 few AWCO ANC AwCol_ImmatEst_SES0to6 IRRI Jeffrey Detras APSH IRRI ApSh_Est_1to2 Jeffrey Detras 1 Upright CMA_CO_1_9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CulmAng_Est_UPOV1to9 1 Glabrous (smooth-including ciliated margins) 3 Intermediate 41-60 mm MAT IRRI TMat_Meas_d Jeffrey Detras IRRI PRT Jeffrey Detras BRiceProtCt_Meas_Pct 9 Almost all plants dead or dying BBDam_EstFld2_1to9 IRRI BB Jeffrey Detras 061 060 3 3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing IRRI RWhorlMaggDam_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras RICE_WHORL_MAGGOT 070 3 Julie Pasuquin RtA_Win_cm2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfFolderDam_CompRating_Pct IRRI LEAFFOLDER IRRI FLpSla_CM_cm2g Julie Pasuquin HeadT_80Comp_d IRRI HDG Jeffrey Detras FLW 5 11-30% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration IRRI Jeffrey Detras PanLng_MatAv_RD1to9 PNL 6 First and 2nd leaves with orange tips, slight stunting 3 2 Intermediate 2 11-15% 5 Very slight damage 1 RTungroSev_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras RTD1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras PanExs_EstMStrl_1to9 EXS PEX IRRI 10 Black IRRI Jeffrey Detras RTD1 RTungroSev_GHComp_Pct 0 Absent Julie Pasuquin IRRI SMCwp_CM_pct SpkFer_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras SPIKELET_FERTILITY SPKF IRRI SpFert Less than 1% 1 ZDEF ZnDefInj_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 5 11-30% IRRI AwThk_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras ANT 080 3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras HT PlntHt_Meas_1to9 No damage 0 Julie Pasuquin FLDw_Av_g IRRI 13-25% 5 7 088 Whorled 1 51-75% 8 IRRI GRL Jeffrey Detras GrLng_Av_1to7 brown 3 3 Short <30 cm Jeffrey Detras BBDam_EstGH_1to9 IRRI BB Julie Pasuquin GFR_CM_gday IRRI 040 Gold 2 5 Intermediate ~15 mm More than 25% 9 7 Descending Jeffrey Detras OutXExt_Comp_1to9 IRRI 082 9 7 20-39% IRRI RAT_DAMAGE RatDam_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras 7 Few: 5-9 tillers/plant IRRI SpPan_CM_SpPan Julie Pasuquin 3 Mostly or generally hirsute: hairs covering more than 50% of the ligule LIGULE_SHAPE Jeffrey Detras LigShp_Est_1to2 IRRI 0 Absent SPIKELET_FERTILITY IRRI SpkFer_Est_1to9 SpFert Jeffrey Detras SPKF 0 Absent RHIZOME_FORMATION RhyzForm_Est_1to6 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 7 26-50% IRRI Jeffrey Detras SEEDLING_HEIGHT SeedlHt_Av_1to7 AerTA_IA_mm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI Smooth 2 IRRI FSpProp_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin CTOL IRRI ColdSens_SeedlEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras PhenReac_Est_1to7 25% of the kernel with chalkiness 2 BakInc Jeffrey Detras IRRI BakInc_Est_1to9 LigShp_CultEst_SES0to3 LIGULE_SHAPE IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI CaryoLng_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin IRRI SMTwp_CM_mb 8 Fair 5 FL1A_CM_cm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin 7 Strong late 7 0 Growth and tillering nearly normal IRRI Jeffrey Detras ApAnth_MatEst_0to9 3 1-10% LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE IRRI LfBladPub_CultEst_SES1to3 Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras PanNo_Est_1to5 PNO NUMBER_OF_PANICLES IRRI 7 Broad spindle-shaped lesion with yellow, brown, or purple margin Jeffrey Detras GrnWt_10Wgh_g GRWT GRNWT IRRI 1 Very abundant: more than 25 tillers/plant PanAxAtt_Est_SES1to4 PANICLE_AXIS IRRI Jeffrey Detras High 7 IRRI THRIPS ThripDam_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras CaryoLng_Av_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin HI_CM_r 2 Hairy on upper surface IRRI LfWdt_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras LW Julie Pasuquin PanT_Av_degC IRRI Bold 5 3 Partly sterile 50-74% 5 070 5 21-35% IRRI RtV_Win_cm3 Julie Pasuquin IRRI GRAIN_DISCOLORATION GrDiscol_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin MRR_CM_pct IRRI 8 7 long 5 Maximum tiller angle less than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers Jeffrey Detras BS_Est_0to9 IRRI BS 20-39% 7 Jeffrey Detras ANP AwPres_Est_0to9 IRRI 7 Typical blast lesions infecting 26-50% of the leaf area 4-7% 3 Julie Pasuquin IRRI FSpPan_CM_SpPan PEX IRRI Jeffrey Detras EXS PanExs_Est_1to9 6 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CulmNodAnth_DistrEst_0to3 Light 1 7 More than 2/3 of all leaves fully dried CS IRRI CUST Jeffrey Detras CulmStr_EstRD_1to9 Jeffrey Detras RICE_BUG_DAMAGE IRRI RBugDam_Est_0to9 4 purple spots Julie Pasuquin IRRI PithA_IA_mm2 IRRI FLpDw_Av_g Julie Pasuquin GLWR_CM_r Julie Pasuquin IRRI 9 Abortion at later stage: pollen grains look like fertile pollen (518A cytoplasm from O. nivara) Brown (tawny) 3 straw 1 CDef_CM_r Julie Pasuquin IRRI Completely dispersed and cleared, low gel temp (<70C) 7 Short ~8 mm 3 20-29.9% seed set 3 Fringe of hairs 1 3 Weak All plants dead 9 1 Absent or very weak Julie Pasuquin IRRI UFSpY_CM_gm2 IRRI AerN_IA_Aer Julie Pasuquin 7 Weak, plants somewhat stunted 1-10% 3 7 36-50% 1 Scabrous 7 Highly sterile <50% to trace 0 None 3 Truncate 1 Less than 1% 7 Long ~30 mm 11-30% height reduction, 3-4leaves ragged/twisted, more vein swelling on leaf collar and some on leafblades and leaf sheaths 7 1 very early 5 Whole length Descending 7 ANCO AnCo_Est_1to2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras SECONDARY_BRANCHING_OF_PANICLES IRRI Jeffrey Detras Pan2ndBr_Est_0to3 No damage 0 Julie Pasuquin EInt_Av_Ino IRRI No injury 0 16-25% 6 8 6-7 Sensitive 5 31-45% IRRI PDMin_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin NBLSDam_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras NBLS Int2L_Av_cm IRRI Julie Pasuquin Absent 0 Very slight damage 1 0 No damage 5 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers. 7 20-39% 1 086 LIGULE_COLOR IRRI LigCol_Est_0to3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI FL1Sla_CM_cm2g Julie Pasuquin Julie Pasuquin SpSter_CM_pct IRRI Large 9 IRRI PBSev_Comp_Pct PB Jeffrey Detras 0-10% height reduction, 1-2 leaves ragged/twisted, few veins swollen on leaf collar 5 5 Open ?60? 3 Semi-erect (intermediate) IRRI TiFlwT_CM_d Julie Pasuquin HGW 100GW FGW_MM_g100gr Julie Pasuquin IRRI Less than 1% 1 CaryoWdt_Av_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras 5 All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both 5 purple furrows 3 Leaves green but with sparse dots or streaks and less than 5% of height reduction 5 6-25% (apical and some marginal lesions) IRRI CollCol_Est_RD0to4 Jeffrey Detras CC IRRI CI_LCPro_ppm Julie Pasuquin Growth and tillering nearly normal, healthy 1 5 Moderate (~15%) 30-39 degrees 5 6 Straw 1 CDMin_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 7 5-9.9% seed set 0 No damage 7 080 Weak, plants somewhat stunted, most plants with 3-4 leaves and no tillers in thin population 7 Leaves orange yellow or orange, plants severely stunted, sometimes dead, flowering very much delayed 9 7 51-75% 3 Some damage/leaf discoloration KneeAb_EstPres_0or1 KNEEING_ABILITY IRRI Jeffrey Detras Enclosed panicle is partly or entirely enclosed within the leaf sheath of the flag leaf blade 1 3 11-20% Glutinous (waxy, stains reddish purple) 3 IRRI CulmP_CM_r Julie Pasuquin 030 3 IRRI LIGULE_COLOR Jeffrey Detras LigCol_WildEst_0to5 PnT PanTyp_Est_SES1to3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI IRRI Exs_MM_cm Julie Pasuquin Julie Pasuquin DEC_CM_pct IRRI 100% of plants survive 1 1 Erect No symptoms 0 WBPH_EstFld_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras WBPH Up to 1/3 of leaf area scraped 1 Julie Pasuquin IRRI FLfT_MM_degC 3 11-20% 5 6-25% FREST Jeffrey Detras IRRI FertRest_Comp_1to9 IRRI CaryoLng_MeasSES_1to7 Jeffrey Detras DATE_SEED IRRI SdDate_Meas_Date Jeffrey Detras 3 Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 25% of tillers 7 Lesion completely around panicle base or uppermost internode or panicle axis near base with more than 30% of filled grains Jeffrey Detras STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH StrLmLng_AvShort_mm IRRI IRRI StTWT_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin StEXT_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI Distinctly yellow and narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers. 5 Julie Pasuquin GYplt_Av_g IRRI 9 All plants apparently dead RGSV2 Jeffrey Detras RGSV2Sev_Index_Pct IRRI 5 40-59% First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 1 Less than 1% 1 Very weak LigMargShp_Est_1to99 LIGMSH IRRI Jeffrey Detras 100 9 LmPCol_ImmatEst_1to13 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Late (two or more leaves still green at harvest) 7 7 26-50% GrThk_Av_mm IRRI GRAIN_THICKNESS Jeffrey Detras 26-50% infected panicles 7 No disease observed 1 Jeffrey Detras LEAF_ANGLE LfAng_Est_RD1to7 IRRI IRRI LfBlastDam_EstTyp_0to9 Jeffrey Detras BLAST purple 8 Round 9 Photoperiod-sensitive genic type (PGMS) 3 0 000 9 Very late (all leaves still green at harvest) Very long >40 cm 9 Extra long more than 7.5 mm 1 3 weak No damage 0 Present 9 Jeffrey Detras BLSC_CO_1_4 IRRI BLSCol_Est_1to4 above 30% seed set 1 Very weak 1 BLS_Est_0to9 BLS IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI Sct_SmellCook_0to2 SCT Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin IRRI PGWC_CM_pct Very slight damage/leaf discoloration 1 Julie Pasuquin SGr_CM_pct IRRI Drooping 7 7 Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying Better than that of non-elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of elongating semidwarf 7 6 6 100 Black Jeffrey Detras CMD CulmDiam_WildAv_1or2 IRRI 1 Extra vigorous, very fast growing 4 IRRI UfGW_Av_g1000gr TUfGW Julie Pasuquin CMD CulmDiam_WildAv_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras 5 080 Julie Pasuquin DMatS_CM_d IRRI 2 1 080 4 red Extra long 1 4 Kernel swollen with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp 0 Absent Julie Pasuquin Gs_LCPro_mol IRRI 1-5% 3 LEAFFOLDER IRRI LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_0to9 Jeffrey Detras GelC_Meas_mm GELC IRRI Jeffrey Detras GelTemp_Alkd_1to7 GelTemp IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI SAL Jeffrey Detras SaltInj_Est_1to9 IRRI Julie Pasuquin CwallT_IA_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI CaryoShp_Est_1to5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfFolderDam_EstSingleLead_0to3 LEAFFOLDER HMRR_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI 0 No incidence Julie Pasuquin IRRI StPRO_AM_mgg 3 moderately stressed IRRI Julie Pasuquin CDMaj_IA_mm Round 1 pbasbrno PanBrNo_Av_BrPan IRRI PBPan_MM_BrPan Jeffrey Detras Straw 2 75% of the kernel with chalkiness 4 Better than that of elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of the best local floating variety 3 083 12 1 Partly awned 2 060 8 CanH_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI CDMaj_Av_mm GY_CM_kgplot Julie Pasuquin IRRI Highly sterile (99%-99.9%) 3 SHEATH_ROT IRRI ShRotInc_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras BB BBDam_EstFld_1to9 IRRI 10 080 Julie Pasuquin IRRI HFSpY_CM_gm2 7 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted 000 0 Very weak 1 Julie Pasuquin TFlwE_CM_d IRRI 3 1-10% covered Medium 5 1 Slender 7 Leaf margins touching forming O-shape 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal Julie Pasuquin IRRI Lf_Av_LfPlt 4 Vegetative crown, stolon and weak rhizomes 1 Erect dark purple/black 9 PlntHt_Av_cm HT PltH_MAT_cm_MM IRRI PltH_FLW_cm_MM Jeffrey Detras PltH_15DAF_cm_MM 5 Intermediate ~45 cm Julie Pasuquin IRRI UFSpPct_CM_pct IRRI BIRD_DAMAGE Jeffrey Detras BirdDam_Est_1to9 9 Almost all plants dead or dying 7 080 1 1-2% 3 1-5% (apical lesions) 080 4 Jeffrey Detras CMA_CO_1_9 CulmAng_Est_SES1to9 IRRI 9 More than 1/2 of the injured with some broken leaves 041 1 1 Very weak 26-50% 7 Intermediate 106 -120 cm 5 CÈcile Grenier CIAT Clk_Vis_0to5 GrYld_Comp_kgha IRRI Jeffrey Detras GrYld_Comp_kgha 2 060 Growth and tillering nearly normal, basal leaves slightly discolored 2 STEM_BORER_DAMAGE IRRI StemBorer_YellowEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras Partially hirsute: hairs covering less than 50% of the ligule 2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI TDMplt_CM_gPlnt 1 Vegetative crown StemBorer_WhiteHeadEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI STEM_BORER_DAMAGE Long 141-155 cm 7 5 6-25% 1 Very slight damage 21-30% 5 Julie Pasuquin StCWC_AM_mgg IRRI 4 dark brown Hairy on both sides 4 LfBladAnth_PresEst_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 000 0 1 Non-glutinous (non-waxy, stains dark blue purple) AwCol_ImmatEst_IRRI0to8 Jeffrey Detras AWCO ANC IRRI Scented 2 IRRI LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_Pct Jeffrey Detras LEAFFOLDER Medium 5 3 Weak Long to very long 156-180 cm 8 6 5 Intermediate most plants moderately bending 082 11 Soft 81-100 mm 1 Jeffrey Detras GallMidgeDam_EstGH_0to9 GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE IRRI Strong 7 3 More than 1/2 of leaf area scraped Jeffrey Detras StrLmCol_Est_1to4 STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR IRRI 6-10% 3 intermediate 5 5 11-25% infected panicles CollAnth_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras CaseWormDam_Est_0to8 CASE_WORM_DAMAGE Strong rhizomes with tubers 6 IRRI StmElong_Esr_1to9 Jeffrey Detras ELONGATION LfBlastDam_EstScr_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras BLAST 070 5 IRRI TiFlwS_CM_d Julie Pasuquin MSTERILE IRRI POLLEN_STERILITY MaleSter_Comp_1to9 Jeffrey Detras PNL IRRI PanLng_ImmatAv_cm Jeffrey Detras Weak 3 Julie Pasuquin GrLng_MM_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI PBInc_Est_0to9 PB 9 All plants dead 3 Highly sterile (99%-99.9%) 5 Highly fertile >90% 5 Medium 7 Leaves pale yellow or yellow and 26-75% of height reduction, floweringdelayed 2 020 060 4 weak 3 061 5 8-9 highly sensitive GrYld_wgh_gplot IRRI GrYld_wgh_gplot Jeffrey Detras 7 31-60% All plants dead 9 IRRI CulmINodAnth_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras 2-3 tolerant 0 000 9 present reddish brown 4 Julie Pasuquin IRRI TFlwS_CM_d More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted 7 0 No disease observed 061 2 brown furrows 3 GRNWT GRWT GrnWt_100Wgh_g IRRI Jeffrey Detras 7 Short 5.5mm or less Truncate 2 More than 80% 1 Medium 5 More than half of plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted 7 3 Medium 7 26-50% IRRI Julie Pasuquin Rs_LCPro_invm 9 Purple IRRI FLsizeR_CM_r Julie Pasuquin IRRI KeelAnth_MatEst_0to7 Jeffrey Detras 8 Purple Gold and gold furrows on straw background 2 5 11-15% Slightly Drooping 3 5 080 Present 9 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying ALK AlkInj_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 3 Open 6 2 2 Alternate 1-10% 1 3 Lesion type is the same as in scale 2, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves 61-80% 3 Julie Pasuquin CDMin_Av_mm IRRI 3 20-30% 5 More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting 000 0 Similar to that of elongating semidwarf e.g. IR11141-6-1-4 5 7 26-50% 050 2 4 Julie Pasuquin IRRI TilProd_Av_TillPlt 100% of the kernel with chalkiness 5 1 1-10% 3 0-10% height reduction, no ragged/twisted leaf, very few veins slightly swollen usually on leaf collar 0 No injury IRRI CS CulmStr_EstSES_1to9 Jeffrey Detras CUST 2 Medium 5 reddish to light purple 4 5 Genetically engineered (transgenic type) Moderately well exserted 7 TilPlt_Av_TillPlt Julie Pasuquin IRRI 6 Jeffrey Detras SCCO PericCol_Exam_1to7UPOV IRRI Jeffrey Detras BPH IRRI BPHDam_GH3_0to9 9 More than 30% height reduction, most leaves ragged/twisted, vein swellingcommon on leaf sheaths and leaf blades IRRI Jeffrey Detras HDR HdR_Comp_Perc 4 081 5 Just exserted panicle base coincides with the collar of the flag No symptom observed 1 080 4 5 light red 2 Scalloped or toothed medium 3 Absent 0 5 Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves whitish and rolled, only a few elongating Highly sterile 1-49% 2 1 010 Excellent 1 9 More than 75% leaf area affected 9 Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves 081 3 APC ApCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to6 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 4 Very weak 1 4 055 4 IRRI BApAnth_MatEst_0to7 Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras CulmDiam_Av_1to7 CMD IRRI 2 IRRI PanHill_Av_PanHill Julie Pasuquin LG LodInc_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 7 late 041 1 60-79% 3 Julie Pasuquin IRRI HSpD_CM_SpPan 51-100% 9 IRRI GRW GrWdt_Meas_1to7 Jeffrey Detras 26-100% 9 FGW_MM_g1000gr Julie Pasuquin IRRI 1000GW TGW 3 thin SUB IRRI SubTol_FldEst_1to9 Jeffrey Detras Weak most plants nearly flat 7 Medium 5 Intermediate (stains reddish-blue purple) 2 4 060 IRRI Julie Pasuquin AerD_IA_mm Medium 5.51-6.6 mm 5 51-100% 9 Julie Pasuquin SDWplt_Av_g IRRI Less than 5% 1 6 071 Absent 1 AP_Lab_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras AP black 6 Short 3 Short (~30 cm) 3 StNSC_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI 1 10% of the kernel with chalkiness 2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras ApCol_MatEst_SES1to7 APC No symptom observed 0 Jeffrey Detras IronInj_Est_1to9 FE1 IRRI Semi-erect intermediate ~20 degrees 3 Severely stressed 1 081 2 Strong 7 1-3% 2 Very slight damage/leaf discoloration 1 8 YELLOW_MOTTLE IRRI Jeffrey Detras YellowMottleSev_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_LENGTH LigLng_Av_mm Completely 100% sterile 1 BPH IRRI BPHDam_GH1_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 6 PanL_MM_cm PNL PanLng_MatAv_cm IRRI Jeffrey Detras 7 11-40% 5 6-25% 2 Green 1 No symptom observed Very long >40 mm 9 3 early IRRI Jeffrey Detras PDef_FldEst_1to9 P1 Purple spots on straw 7 BPHDam_GH_0to9 Jeffrey Detras BPH IRRI 95-99% 3 1 Absent Julie Pasuquin CulmSP_CM_r IRRI Julie Pasuquin FL1Dw_Av_g IRRI 13-25% 5 FSD_CM_spk Julie Pasuquin IRRI Less than 1% 1 IRRI StSUC_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin 1 Absent No symptom observed 1 Horizontal 7 1 Lightly scented Fertile 75-90% 4 080 1 Less than 1% 1 gold 2 1 020 Straw 7 light purple 3 short 11-40% 7 51-100% 9 Rice ontology IRRI SpHill_CM_SpH Julie Pasuquin 7 080 Purple 61-100% 9 Spreading (>60-80 degrees, culms not resting on the ground) 7 9 Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface) 0 Absent 1 absent 000 0 1 010 2 Less than 1% 1 Intermediate ?45? 3 Medium 5 Julie Pasuquin IRRI StSTA_AM_mgg 3 051 KneeAb_EstAng_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras KNEEING_ABILITY 7 Descending 2 Hairs on lemma keel 070 Red 4 IRRI Jeffrey Detras StgmCol_Est_1to5 STIGMA_COLOR 0 Absent 4 Jeffrey Detras ApAnth_ImmatEst_0to9 IRRI 9 Very strong Long 7 2 Less than 1% White 11 7 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 SEEDLING_HEIGHT Jeffrey Detras SeedlHt_Av_cm IRRI Jeffrey Detras RGSV2 IRRI RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9 7 61-80% 5 080 Purple pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile 5 1 More than 80% spikelets fertile 3 Hairy on lower surface 5 75-94% 40-69% 5 26-50% 7 020 2 gold 2 No injury 0 2 062 CulmLng_Av_1to7 CML IRRI Jeffrey Detras Less than 5% infected panicles 1 3 Brown spots on straw PDWplt_Av_g IRRI Julie Pasuquin Absent 0 IRRI Jeffrey Detras PnT PanTyp_Est_UPOV1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras GrElong_Comp_ratio No damage 0 7 Loose 26-50% no drought symptoms 5 1 Glabrous 3 Short ~8 mm 1 Linear(long and slender) 091 10 medium 5 26-50% 7 5 Medium 9 pollen and spikelets both <60% fertile IRRI BApAnth_ImmatEst_0to7 Jeffrey Detras 4 052 Brown (tawny) StemD_CM_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 6 9 Above 40% covered 8 HFSpPan_CM_SpPan IRRI Julie Pasuquin 8 087 IRRI Julie Pasuquin CulmPP_CM_r No disease observed 0 Rolling of terminal 1/3-1/2 area of 1st and 2nd leaves 3 1 1-10% Strong 7 042 3 9 More than 50% infected panicles Acute 5 Kernel swollen with collar incomplete or narrow, high-intermediate gel temp 3 Julie Pasuquin IRRI StDM_Av_g 1 Less than 1% Very long >40 mm 9 Jeffrey Detras CulmINodAnth_Est_0to2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin PithD_CM_mm IRRI 9 No kneeing Jeffrey Detras CTOL ColdSens_FlwEst_0to9 IRRI IRRI GLhDam_EstGH_0to9 Jeffrey Detras GLH Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves 9 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 5 5 strong 7 3 brown pollen 90% fertile or above, spikelets 75-89% fertile 3 Jeffrey Detras LmPCol_MatEst_IRRI1to11 IRRI StDM_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI 9 black No injury 0 2 Subulate or setaceous Abortion at binucleate stage of pollen (CMS-HL type) 5 3 052 Brown (tawny) 9 Present 0 No damage observed 0-49% 9 1 Difficult: few or no grains removed IRRI Sct_SmellUncook_0to2 SCT Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras SUB SubTol_GHEst_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras APC ApCol_ImmatEst_IRRI1to9 IRRI strong 7 Julie Pasuquin IRRI TDM_CM_gm2 2-cleft 3 1 Completely 100% sterile 0 Absent 090 13 3 First and 2nd leaves with orange tips: slight stunting Less than 1% 1 31-60% 7 Red 6 10-19.9% seed set 5 1 Kernel not affected but chalky, high gel temp (>74C) 6 Intermediate to long 121-140 cm IRRI PanAxText_Est_1or2 Jeffrey Detras PA_TEXT Julie Pasuquin PS_LCPro_umol IRRI Less than 1% (apical lesions) 1 1 Light Green 8 ColeoAnth_Est_1to5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 9 61-100% 5 41-60% 51-100% 9 5 Lesion partially around the base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part of panicle axis near the base 2 012 1 very early 1 020 9 very strong 0 No disease observed IRRI Jeffrey Detras AL AnLt_Av_mm 0-19% 9 2 9 Lesion completely around panicle baseor uppermost internode or the panicle axis near the base with less than 30% of filled grains. 1-5% 3 1-10% 1 Almost all plants dead or dying 9 AwCol_MatEst_IRRI0to6 Jeffrey Detras ANC AWCO IRRI Typical blast lesions infection 51-75% of the leaf area and many leaves are dead 8 light red 5 Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying 7 2 11-20% 5 Absent 1 0 No lesions observed 11 100 Glabrous 1 Julie Pasuquin IRRI FL1W_Av_cm 4 Jeffrey Detras PBDam_Est_0to9 IRRI PB Very weak all plants flat 9 9 Extra long 5 Hard <36 mm 1 060 Green Non-scented 0 2 020 5 Intermediate 1cm - 2cm 1 Extra vigorous, very fast growing, most plants with 5-6 leaves and 2 or more tillers 26-50% 7 Less than 11% 9 FlgLfAng_WildAv_1to7 IRRI FLA Jeffrey Detras Easy 51-100% 9 6 pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile 2 084 Julie Pasuquin IRRI GrWh_MM_mm 8 Long hairs (velvety) 5 11-25% 5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras StemBorer_DeadheartEst_0to9 STEM_BORER_DAMAGE Horizontal 5 AwLng_Av_mm ANL Jeffrey Detras IRRI Thermosensitive-genic type (TGMS) 2 DRS_DRY_0_9 IRRI DhtInj_EstSpkFert_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 1 Absent 0 No damage 1 Erect 0 000 3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 1 030 No injury 0 0 0 Absent (collarless) 9 More than 50% Clustered 3 Compact 1 PTH THR_SCOR_1_3 IRRI PanThr_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras Typical susceptible blast lesions 3 mm or longer, infecting less than 4% of the leaf area 4 No damage 0 Jeffrey Detras LfBladPub_WildEst_1to4 LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE IRRI 3 male sterile 3 1-10% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration 9 76-100% pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile 4 080 5 3 Leaves partly folded in deep V-shape Partly exserted panicle base is slightly beneath the collar of the flag leaf blade 3 0 000 None to few leaves slightly yellow, tillering, height and flowering not affected 1 straw 1 9 Extra long All plants dead 9 Slight tip drying 1 16-25% 7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Clk_Vis_0to9 052 4 26-50% 7 060 8 0 No symptoms Rapidly coalescing small, whitish, grayish, or bluish lesions without distinct margins 9 2 Heavy 2 7 50-74% Julie Pasuquin IRRI LfT_LCPro_degC Julie Pasuquin ORAC_MM_trol IRRI 7 light purple 9 76-100% Hairs on upper portion 3 IRRI Julie Pasuquin AerA_IA_mm2 21-40% 3 3 Low brown 3 3 Weak TilHill_Av_TillH Julie Pasuquin IRRI Difficult less than 1% 1 1 Less than 3% 0 None awnless 0-1 highly tolerant LDWplt_Av_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI 1 Less than 1% 5 11-30% 3 Lesion on a few primary branches or the middle part of panicle axis IRRI Clk_Cerv_cerv Jeffrey Detras 1 Very short (<21 cm) 7 26-50% (apical and marginal lesions) Purple furrows on straw 8 IRRI USpPan_Av_SpPan Julie Pasuquin Short ~15 cm 3 2 Hairy or ciliated 2 Cleft 0 Absent (collarless) 3 Semi-erect (intermediate) Small roundish to slightly elongated necrotic sporulating spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter with a distinct brown margin or yellow halo 3 IRRI Julie Pasuquin FSpPan_Av_SpPan 1 060 Drooping 9 9 51-100% 1 Very low (<1%) 6 6 6 071 IRRI Jeffrey Detras AurCol_Est_1to5 AC IRRI FLCC_MM_SPAD Julie Pasuquin Stressed 2 8 6-12% 3 3 Early (all leaves have lost their green colour at harvest) Soft 61-80 mm 2 Tall >60 cm 7 LW IRRI LfWdt_Av_cm Jeffrey Detras 6 7 31-60% 1-5% 3 1 010 8 082 5 6-25% 084 2 All plants dead 9 more than 75% 9 IRRI LfBlastDam_EstAmt_0to9 Jeffrey Detras BLAST reddish brown 4 No injury 0 1-5% 1 3 040 Gold 26-50% 7 3 41-70% 9 Less than 11% 011 1 5 Long spindle-shaped 5 Growth and tillering retarded, many leaves discolored Present 9 41-60% 5 Jeffrey Detras SdGerm_Est_Pct SG IRRI Short 3 absent 1 Semi-round 2 3 Weak 081 4 062 9 First and 2nd leaves yellowing 3 Julie Pasuquin IRRI FL1L_Av_cm 081 4 80-100% 1 3 084 0 No disease observed 9 very strong 2 Acute to acuminate TMatT_CM_d IRRI Julie Pasuquin Jeffrey Detras DhtInj_EstDry_0to9 DRS_DRY_0_9 IRRI 1 Very weak 3 Narrow 5 Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves discolored, only a few elongating Small 1 3 084 Partially sterile (70%-94.9%) 7 CÈcile Grenier ZnCt_Meas_ppm CIAT Horizontal 5 BBDam_EstFld1_1to9 IRRI BB Jeffrey Detras 5 medium 9 Very few: fewer than 5 tillers/plant 26-50% 7 1 020 Straw IRRI ApCol_MatEst_IRRI1to9 APC Jeffrey Detras Tr_LCPro_mmol Julie Pasuquin IRRI Erect 1 5 many 011 1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras PNL PanLng_MatAv_UPOV1to3 6 60-79% 3 9 Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile) 3 Short 71-90 cm 1-5% 1 GrLng_Av_mm GRL IRRI Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin IRRI StLIG_AM_mgg Red apex 5 1 1-5% 6-25% 5 3 Weak 0-19% 9 3 Weak 0 No visible lesion observed or lesions on only a few pedicels Leaves partially yellow but with no hopperburn 3 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 0-49% 9 1 white 9 100 IRRI RDelphDam_EstGH_0to9 Jeffrey Detras RICE_DELPHACID 9 Leaves turn yellow or orange, more than 75% height reduction, no flowering or some plants dead Intermediate (one leaf still green at harvest) 5 IRRI SDMaj_Av_mm Julie Pasuquin No disease observed 0 4 3 084 Very slight damage 1 50% of the kernel with chalkiness 3 Medium 5 absent or very weak 1 0 No disease observed 5 Normal 9 Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface) purple 8 acronym 020 Straw 2 5 medium 3 Vigorous, fast growing, most plants with 4-5 leaves and 1-2 tillers 3 11-20% 1 Erect <15 degrees Low (~3%) 3 5 31-50% 3 First and 2nd leaves yellowing PanPlt_Av_PanPlt Julie Pasuquin IRRI 9 Unacceptable 9 81-100% 3 Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves discolored 3 Vigorous, fast growing Julie Pasuquin TilD_CM_Tillm2 IRRI 1 Very weak 2 gold IRRI CulmNodAnth_PresEst_1to9 Jeffrey Detras No injury 0 7 Strong 4 Brown furrows on straw Maximum tiller angle less than45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers 7 3 61-80% Broad >2 cm 7 4 081 Spreading >60? 7 Moderately difficult 1-5% 3 Vegetative crown and weak rhizomes 3 46-65% 7 IRRI BLSCO_ANTH BLSAnth_Est_1to7 Jeffrey Detras 1 010 medium 5 IRRI Julie Pasuquin PDMaj_IA_mm Partially sterile (70%-94.9%) 7 4-6 moderately tolerant 5 Intermediate (~50 cm) 0 No injury or fewer than 10% of plants have injured tillers 5 Sterile (95%-98.9%) 052 3 1-25% 5 8 No injury 0 Julie Pasuquin PanD_Calc_Panm2 IRRI 4 2 Intermediate 4 1 Lightly scented 9 Leaves tightly rolled 7 variegated purple Below 20 degrees 9 5 21-30% Some damage/leaf discoloration 3 1 Very slight damage 0 000 Upper half only 3 80-100% 1 1 Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers 5 Spreading (open) Leaves yellow, plants moderately stunted, flowering delayed 5 7 063 5 Intermediate ~15 mm 9 Pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with numerous small tillers 9 More than 75% of leaf area affected entity Long ~35 cm 7 cleft 2 More than 1/2 of the leaves injured with no broken leaves 7 No damage 0 Upper three quarters only 4 51-100% 9 5 Open ~40 degrees 3 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with numerous small tillers. 2 Purple lines 5 080 Purple Medium ~25 cm 5 2 Droopy 3 weak 062 2 3 1-10% Fertile 75-89% 3 3 Weak 4-5 moderately tolerant 7 More than half the plants wilting or with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted 6-10% 3 Pale green to yellow and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withnumerous small tillers 7 DExs_CM_d Julie Pasuquin IRRI 4 20-29 degrees 7 Lesions on several pedicels or secondary branches 1 7 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. Lesion type is the same as in 1, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves 3 7 Strong 8 100 Black One-fourth to 1/2 of all leaves dried 5 Split or segmented with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp 5 070 7 4 010 1 9 Complete plant wilting, followed by severe yellowing and scorching 1 1-5% 1-25% 5 6 16-25% Medium 5 Shallow leaf folding 1 variegated brown 3 3 080 7 2 085 4 052 Erect <30? 1 Purple 6 0 0% of the kernel with chalkiness Pointed 1 1 Rolling of terminal 1/3 area of 1st leaf IRRI BPHDam_GH2_0to9 Jeffrey Detras BPH Less than 2 leaves/hill injured 1 White 1 0 Absent Present 9 040 Gold 2 9 Yellow to orange and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with few small tillers 5 053 1 1-10% 0 Absent 7 Long ~30 mm 4 4-5% 3 052 Growth and tillering severely retarded, about half of all leaves brown or yellow 5 Strong 7 More than 65% 9 Long 6.6 to 7.5 mm 3 Obtuse or rounded 3 056 7 Present 9 No scraping 0 31-60% 7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LmPCol_MatEst_SES1to10 7 31-60% 51-100% (apical and marginal lesions) 9 0 No lesions observed Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with few small tillers. 3 060 4 Short 7 3 Weak 50-74% 7 absent or very weak 1 No injury 0 Purple 3 080 8 6 Typical blast lesions infection 11-25% of the leaf area 6-25% 5 Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area 5 Very high (>50%) 9 No disease observed 0 062 2 Julie Pasuquin SpD_CM_spk IRRI 3 11-30% Leaves with pronounced yellowing and some stunting or wilting and 10-25% of plants with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted 5 2 Thick > Half spindle-shaped 3 5 Medium 000 0 1 Less than 1% 1 Absent 4-5% 3 Very slight damage 1 7 pollen 60-69% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile 6 Dispersed mergingwith collar, low gel temp (<70C) 4 Thermo-photoperiod genic type (TPGMS) 4 1 Semidwarf (lowland: less than 110 cm, upland: less than 90 cm) Long 7 Poorest elongation, or none, like non-elongating semidwarf e.g. IR42 9 Tolerant 1-3 Rolling of terminal 1/2 area of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd leaves, yellowing of leaf tips 5 Less than 5% 1 2 040 No disease observed 0 1 No symptom observed Truncate 1 Non-scented 0 Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead 5 More than 50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange discoloration 9 5 Partly sterile 50-74% 6-12% 3 95-99% 3 080 6 9 very strong All plants dead 9 7 Dark Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center 1 Very slight injury 1 7 High (~35%) 5 75-94% 9 All plants dead Light 3 5 Intermediate 9 090 4 Emarginate Spindle-shaped 4 089 3 9 61% and above 1/3 to 1/2 of leaves injured 5 51-100% 8 6 Acuminate 8 51-75% 3 Narrow 5 13-25% Many: 20-25 tillers/plant 3 Growth and tillering nearly normal, older leaves reddish-brown, purple, or orange-yellow 3 Leaves slightly yellow, plants slightly stunted, flowering slightly delayed 3 3 weak 0% covered 1 Short hairs 4 9 26-100% 9 Almost all plants dead or dying 7 11-25% All plants dead 9 7 Broad 011 Whitish 1 3 Triangular (and very small) 4-6 Moderately tolerant 4 very late 9 Horizontal 5 011 1 8 9 61% and above 1/3 to 1/2 of leaf area scraped 2 4 080 7 Typical blast lesions infection 26-50% of the leaf area White 1 2 Upper quarter only Best elongation response 1 21-30% 5 1 White 5 purple Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead 5 Narrow <1 cm 3 010 1 7 11-20% 8 1 Thin <5 mm 6 black Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center 1 7 strong 3 1-3% Semi-erect (intermediate) 3 9 26-100% Horizontal 5 5 6-25% Less than 5% 1 0 No damage observed Completely sterile 0% 9 Very short <50 cm 1 Very weak 1 Semi-upright 2 9 26-100% Very early (all leaves lost their green colour before grain maturity) 1 Abortion at trinucleate stage of pollen (CMS-boro type) 7 12-25% 7 26-100% 9 1-5% 3 8 5 Medium 6 054 No lesions observed 0 1 Tip only 0 Absent 2 061 Light green 99 Other 7 strong 8 Easy: >50% of grains removed 3 thick 7 Very short to short 51-70 cm 2 0 000 080 Purple 3 2 medium 1-5% 3 1 No symptom observed 5 Medium Semi-erect (semi-compact) 3 9 All plants dead No disease observed 0 9 51-100% 050 2 1 Thin <5 mm 1 light gold 6 6-12% 3 Thick > 2 Very long >180 9 acute 1 3 No injury 0 51-100% 9 9 51-100% 0 Absent Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead 7 Strong no bending 1 7 Leaves yellow or orange yellow, plants moderately stunted, floweringvery much delayed 5 Narrow or slightly elliptical lesions, 1-2 mm in breadth, more than 3 mm long with a brown margin 9 All plants dead 1 Present 1 Very short <5 mm 1 Small brown specks of pinpoint size or large brown specks without sporulating center on the lower leaves 0 Absent few drought symptoms 4 1 above 50 degrees 26-50% 7 1 Erect (compact) 21-40% 5 2 Leaves green or pale green with mottling and 6% to 25% of height reduction, flowering slightly delayed 5 0-19% 9 6 100 Black 0-10% 9 5 Medium Growth and tillering nearly normal 1 2 Curved 9 0-4.9% seed set Absent 0 7 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 Strong 9 All plants dead 3 70-89% Medium: 10-19 tillers/plant 5 2 or more leaves/hill but less than 1/3 of leaves injured 3 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 red 6 1 Absent All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both 5 3 Tip drying extended up to 1/4 length in most leaves 5 070 sensitive 7-9 7 21-50% Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves discolored or dead 7 Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile) 9 brown 3 1-5% 3 2 partially male sterile Red 4 5 Intermediate 6-25% 3 1-5% Pollen free (TGMS line, e.g. Norin PL12) 1 6 054 medium 5 Purple 3 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted 7 Spikelets per panicle Caryopsis length UPOV scale Using a hand lens, visually assess and evaluate the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemmas and paleas Lemma and palea pubescence evaluation sensed aroma uncooked scale Ligule shape determination - wild Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice Flag leaf chlorophyll content Flag leaf Chlorophyll content FLCC Chlorophyll content in the uppermost leaf of the main culm Endosperm type EndoType Type Endosperm A broad classification of the type of endosperm based on the presence or absence of amylose Thrip damage ThripDam Thrip The extent of damage caused by thrips (Stenchaetothrips biformis) Damage Keel anthocyanin mature examination Examine the colour of the keel of mature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Stem elongation StmElong The ability of the stem to elongate as flood water rises and thus to keep the topmost leaves above water level Stem Elongation zinc deficiency injury scale Dehulled grain BRiceProtCt Brown rice protein content The concentration of protein in brown (dehulled) rice protein content Brown planthopper injury assessment field Observe the damage on the plants caused by brown planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage 2nd elongated culm internode Diameter CulmD Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath Culm diameter - 2nd internode alkali injury scale Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of immature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Anthocyanin below apiculus examination immature Calculation - Days to flowering from emergence Calculate the number of days between emergence and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Male sterility group assignment ? No info in SES on how to identify the group Calculation - Brown rice rate Calculate as the ratio of brown rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls removed) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Examine the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of immature lemmas Immature apiculus anthocyanin examination Colour of the lemma and palea Lemma and palea Colour LmPCol Lemma and palea color Ufra Ufra Incidence UfraDam The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by the stem nematode Ditylenchus angustus. Symptoms: leaf mottling or chlorotic discoloration in a splash pattern at base of young leaves in stem elongation or mid-tillering stage, brown stains may develop on leaves and sheaths which later intensify to a dark brown color, distortion (twisting and withering) of young leaves, distortion of panicles which either remain enclosed within a swollen sheath, or partially emerge but are twisted and with unfilled grains, or emerge completely but with unfilled grains and resembling a whitehead. Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Fertile pollen grains will be round and well stained, sterile pollen grains will be unstained or partially stained, and withered or round. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the proportion that are sterile Pollen sterility calculation grams per square meter Length PanLng Panicle length Length of panicle defined as the distance from the base to the tip of the panicle when the main axis of the panicle is held straight Panicle Dry weight of a half-filled spikelet, including the hull Half-filled spikelets Half-filled grain weight THfGW Weight Image analysis - Major culm diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the wider portion of the culm GFR Grain filling rate Filling rate Spikelet Dry mass accumulated per panicle per unit of time View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the wider portion of the culm pith Image analysis - Major pith diameter length to width ratio Cervitec reading day Ligule pubescence Presence and distribution of hairs on ligules Ligule LigPub Pubescence Ligule color estimation Visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering Number of panicles per plant PanNo Panicle number per plant Panicle Number per plant Average panicle basal branch number Count the number of primary panicle branches attached to the basal whorl of representative panicles, and calculate the average Shape LigShp Ligule Shape of the ligule Ligule shape An indirect indicator of approximate gelatinization temperature. Incubate six milled rice grains (kernels) for 23h in 10ml of 1.7% KOH. Score individual kernels, without averaging Alkali digestion estimation The proportion and distribution of awned spikelets on a panicle Distribution Awn AwDist Awn distribution Caryopsis length measurement Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the length of ten caryopses and calculate the average Count all tillers arising from representative plants and compute the average Average - Tiller number per plant mg g-1 dry matter Tillers per hill Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damages on seedlings Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment greenhouse Lemma and palea LmPColOrn Lemma and palea color ornementation Colour ornamentation of the lemma and palea. It characterizes the colours present only on parts of the lemma and palea Colour ornementation Calculation - Culm diameter Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters millibars Lodging Incidence Describes the tendency of plants to lodge /(fall flat/) Lodging incidence LodInc Examine the colour of the keel of immature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Keel anthocyanin immature examination Branches per panicle Average - Straw yield Dry aboveground plant parts, excluding panicles. Weigh and take the average weight per plant cm2 g-1 SpkFer Spikelet Fertility Spikelet fertility The proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains Calculate from the filled grain weight and number of filled grains on an area basis Calculation - Filled spikelet per square meter Number per area Tiller TilD Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per unit area Tiller density Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf temperature with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Leaf surface temperature in SITIS platform Minor diameter 2nd elongated culm internode Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath CDMin Culm minor diameter - 2nd internode Calculation - Tiller fertility Take the number of reproductive tillers and divide by the total number of tillers Number per panicle Spikelet Spikelets per panicle SpPan Total number of spikelets per panicle iron injury scale Bacterial blight race 2 damage estimation field Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 2 Width Leaf LfWdt Leaf width Width of penultimate leaf blade Number Number of elongated internodes on the culm Culm internode Elongated internode number EInt Number of panicles per plant count Count the average number of panicles per plant. Apiculus shape examination Examine the shape (pointed, curved) of the apiculus Examine the shape of sterile lemmas Sterile lemma shape Exsertion Stigma StgExers Describes the tendency of stigmas to be exserted on one or both sides of the florets Stigma exsertion gram spikelet fertility scale SES Average seedling height Measure the height of 10 seedlings from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade, and calculate the average flowering cold injury scale Manual measurement - Gas exchange stomatal conductance in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure stomatal conductance with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Culm internode anthocyanin examination Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. gram per plant Abortion pattern AP Describes the stage at which pollen grains abort in male sterile lines. Abortion pattern Pollen mature apiculus anthocyanin scale Count all tillers of representative hills and take the average per hill Average - Tiller number per hill cm mmol H2O m-2 s-1 chalkiness 0-5 scale bird damage incidence scale Total volume of root system Root Root volume Volume RtV The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high temperature. The key period of sensitivity is during flowering Heat Sensitivity HeatSens Heat injury TilProd Productive tiller number per plant Reproductive tiller Number per plant Total number of productive tillers arising from the base of each plant Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RTungroSev_Est_0to9 after 4 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Rice tungro disease estimation - greenhouse % Collar anthocyanin presence Observe the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the collars If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm internode underlying colour examination Spikelet Time elapsed from date of sowing to physiological maturity stage DMatS Time to maturity from sowing Time to maturity (from sowing) mm sensed aroma cooked scale No scale name found Average - Number of elongated internodes Count number of elongated internodes starting from the base of the main culm to the neck node Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers after full heading CulmNo Culm number Number Culm Inverse of stomatal conductance Stomatal resistance Rs Stomata Water vapor resistance Length Caryopsis The length of the caryopsis, ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling (decorticating) the grain and before milling, commonly known as brown rice Caryopsis length CaryoLng Grain discoloration Discoloration by fungal diseases GrDiscol The extent of discoloration of glumes caused by species of Sarocladium, Bipolaris, Alternaria, Gerlachia, Fusarium, Phoma, Curcularia, Trichoconiella, and Pseudomonas. Symptoms: Darkening of glumes of spikelets, brown color to black including rotten glumes. Intensity ranges from sporadic discoloration to discoloration of the whole glume Grain View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the narrower portion of the culm pith Image analysis - Minor pith diameter Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the anthers when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Use 3-digit scale codes for common scoring system across all colour traits Anther colour examination Estimate the propotion of tillers that are infected Stem rot incidence estimation Manual measurement - Gas exchange leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) mm Partial porosity ratio Manual measurement - Flag leaf temperature Take flag leaf and measure temperature near leaf surface with an infrared gun At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart Stem borer deadheart damage assessment Width Spikelet Grain width Width of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point GrWdt Time of 50% heading scale g per 1000 spikelets percent Panicle type, defined by the orientation of primary branches PanTyp Panicle type Panicle Type Auricle anthocyanin presence Estimate the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles False smut False smut FSmut Incidence The type and severity of false smut symptoms caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. Symptoms: Infected grains are transformed into yellow-greenish or greenish-black velvety-looking spore balls. Distance between the perimeter of the hollow pith and the epidermis Width CwallT Culm wall thickness Culm wall Seeding date observation Record the date of effective seeding percent Calculation - Number of panicles per square meter Calculate from total number of panicles per hill and the area of the hills sampled Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice Ligule shape determination - cultivated Calculate from total number of tillers per hill and the area of the hills sampled Calculation - Tiller number per unit area culm internode anthocyanin presence scale Estimate the position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base Leaf angle Observe the distribution of awned spikelets along a panicle Awn distribution observation Exsertion PanExs Panicle exsertion Extent to which the panicle is exserted above (i.e. protrudes from), as opposed to being enclosed within, the flag leaf sheath Panicle salt injury scale Incidence Panicle blast PBInc The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Panicle blast incidence % Calculate the ratio of pith area to culm area Calculation - Culm porosity PanSh Describes the tendency of grains to fall off the panicle before it is threshed Shattering Panicle shattering Panicle number of panicles per plant scale Lodging incidence scale Aboveground dry matter Dry matter yield Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per area TDM Yield Rate of water loss from the leaf Transpiration rate Tr Transpiration rate Leaf Estimate by eye the average angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical Culm angle estimation In a greenhouse test, adjust the unadjusted injury ratings R for test entries by dividing by R for the susceptible check and multiplying by 100% Leaffolder adjusted injury rating Wall carbohydrate content StCWC Stem Cell wall carbohydrate content in the stem Stem cell wall carbohydrate content Culm degree of deformation CDef Deformation Culm Flatness of the culm 1st elongated culm internode Diameter CulmDiam Culm diameter - 1st internode Diameter of basal portion (ie 1st elongated internode) of the main culm gram Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per unit area Unfilled spikelets density Unfilled spikelet USpD Number per area Keel anthocyanin mature scale Calculate as the product of percentage of grain with chalkiness and chalkiness size (area of chalkiness divided by the area of the whole grain). The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing). Calculation - Degree of endosperm chalkiness SpkSter Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain unfilled grains Proportion Sterile spikelet Spikelet sterility Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the narrower portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter. Average - Minor stem diameter millimeter awn color scale immature SES Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area and pith area to the culm area Calculation - Total culm porosity Coleoptile anthocyanin evaluation Place non-dormant grains on moistened filter paper and cover with a petri-dish lid during germination. After the coleoptiles have reached a length of about 5 mm in darkness, place them in artificial light (daylight equivalent) at 750-1250 lux continuously for 3 to 4 days, at a temperature of 25 to 30 degrees Centigrade. Observe colour when the coleoptile is fully with first leaf just emerging (about 6 to 7 days) ragged stunt disease scale percent Near grain maturity, observe the proportion of panicles that have whiteheads. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 10% of panicles with whiteheads Stem borer whitehead damage assessment Half-filled spikelet densty Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per unit area HSpD Half-filled spikelet Number mg g-1 dry matter Estimate the stunting and discoloration Rice tungro disease estimation cm Panicles per m2 day Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per panicle Half-filled spikelets per panicle Number per panicle Half-filled spikelet HFSpPan Specific porosity ratio StLIG Stem total lignin content Stem Lignin content Total lignin content in the stem bacterial leaf streak damage scale Average - Pooled oven dry weight Pool representative flag leaves and leaves below the flag leaf and oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average RtL Root length Root Total root length Length Caryopsis shape scale UPOV Rat damage incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of plants that are damaged by rats Observe the damage on the seedlings caused by green leafhopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Green leafhopper injury assessment field square centimeter Ratio of aerenchyma and pith area to culm area Total porosity Culm CulmTP Culm total porosity Grassy stunt 2 disease Grassy stunt 2 RGSV2Sev Severity The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 2 virus (RGSV2). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, yellow to orange and narrow leaves with small rusty spots awn color scale mature UPOV Oven dry straw at 70?C to constant weight and express in a per unit area basis Calculation - Straw yield Estimate the proportion of panicles that are damaged by birds Bird damage incidence estimation Sterile lemma StrLmLng Length of sterile lemmas Length Sterile lemma length Compute the length/width ratio Caryopsis length:width ratio SES Tillers per m2 Pericarp colour examination Examine the colour of the pericarp against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Flag leaf-1 Width Width of leaf below the flag leaf Flag leaf-1 width FL1W Caryopsis shape UPOV Observe the shape of the caryopsis in lateral view Leaf blast damage amount Estimate the percentage of leaf area affected by leaf blast apiculus color SES scale gram per plant Spikelets per panicle gram DhtRecov Drought recovery Drought Recovery The extent to which plants recover when soaked with water after exposure to drought. The extent of recovery depends strongly on the severity of drought. auricle anthocyanin presence scale Wild species: using a calliper or photo-enlarger, measure the average of 10 representative grains Average grain thickness Sterile lemma shape scale Submergence relative survival assessment Greenhouse screening: divide the % of plants that survive submergence by the survival of the tolerant control variety e.g. FR13A, and express as a percentage Panicle threshability estimation SES Grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action Apiculus anthocyanin Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of the lemma Apiculus of lemma Anthocyanin content ApAnth fertility restoration scale grain discoloration incidence scale Wild species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of five representative plants Average culm diameter - wild species Average flag leaf length Measure length of the flag leaf, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average Estimate the tiller angle at the point of kneeing Kneeing ability estimation SES gram Diameter 2nd elongated stem internode Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath StemD Stem diameter - 2nd internode Angle Culm Angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical CulmAng Culm angle percent Oven dry representative stems at 70degC to constant weight. Weigh and take the average stem weight Average - Stem dry weight Take flag leaf of randomly selected plants and do multiple SPAD readings from tip to base of the leaf. Manual measurement - SPAD meter reading The type and severity of yellow mottle disease symptoms caused by rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV). Symptoms: stunting, reduced tillering, mottling and yellowing streaking of the leaves, delayed flowering or incomplete emergence of the panicles, in extreme cases, death of plants Severity Yellow mottle disease YellowMottleSev Yellow mottle Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) NRGQASC - Grain thickness Analytical measurement - Total stem extractives content Predict total stem extractives content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra Sterile lemma Sterile lemma color Colour Colour of the sterile lemmas StrLmCol RaggedStuntSev Ragged stunt The type and severity of ragged stunt symptoms caused by rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV). Symptoms: plants are stunted but remain dark green. Leaves are ragged and twisted. Vein swelling on leaf collar, leaf blades and leaf sheaths Severity Ragged stunt disease Calculation - Unfilled spikelet per panicle Calculate from the unfilled spikelet density and the panicles density Porosity ratio Count number of fully expanded leaves that appeared on representatiove plants from germination to flowering. Take the average number Average - Total leaf number Panicle Time to exsertion from heading DExs Time elapsed from heading date and date of exsertion of last spikelet Time to panicle exsertion (from heading) Take leaf sap from youngest fully expanded leaves, trolox equivalent of samples obtained by regression equation with trolox standard Manual measurement - ORAC assay ShRotInc Incidence Sheath rot Sheath rot The type and severity of sheath rot symptoms caused by Soracladium oryzae. Symptoms: oblong or irregular brown to grey lesions on the leaf sheath near panicle, sometimes coalescing to prevent emergence of panicle. Texture Texture of the main axis of the panicle PanAxText Panicle axis Panicle axis texture No scale name found panicle type scale UPOV Time elapsed from date of transplanting to initial flowering stage DiFlwT Time to initial flowering (from transplanting) Time to intitial flowering from transplanting Spikelet Panicle axis texture scale FertRest Plant Fertility restoration Fertility restoration This is a compound trait used for F1 hybrids combining the proportion of fertile spikelets at maturity with the proportion of fertile pollen at anthesis rat damage incidence scale Derive from the soil moisture retention (pF) curve using the soil moisture content at wilting point. Calculation - Soil moisture tension at wilting point millimeter Before starting to score phenotypic acceptability, define what is excellent, good ... unacceptable grain for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets, and then score the phenotypic acceptability of mature grain Phenotypic acceptability estimation mm Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average Average - Oven dry weight UFSpY Weight per area Dry weight of unfilled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis Spikelet Unfilled spikelets weight per area Sheath blight relative height estimation Estimate the relative lesion height, as the average height above the soil of the uppermost lesion on a leaf blade or leaf sheath expressed as a percentage of the average plant height. submergence survival scale Panicles per hill Panicle Number of panicles per hill PanHill Number per hill Panicle branch Arrangement Panicle branch arrangement The arrangement of primary branches on the panicle axis, grouped into whorls or individually on alternate sides PanBrArr Weight per area HFSpY Half-filled spikelet weight per area Dry weight of half-filled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis Spikelet An overall description of the vigour of plant growth, combining several components such as number of tillers, plant height, number of leaves, canopy density Vigor Plant PlntVg Vigor Phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse In a greenhouse test, grow each line in culture solution under two conditions: 0.5ppm P (low P) and 10ppm P (standard P). Estimate the propoprtion of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P cm Lodging incidence % Indicate % of plants that lodged Maturity days after seeding Monitor daily , note the date when 80-85% of grains on panicles are mature, and count the number of days lapsed since the date of effective seeding CulmINodAnth Culm internode Anthocyanin content Culm internode anthocyanin Purplish markings, if any, on internodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin Yellow dwarf Yellow dwarf YellowDwarfSev The type and severity of yellow dwarf symptoms caused by a mycoplasma. Symptoms: pale yellow, droopy leaves, excessive tillering and stunting Severity stem rot incidence scale Sheath blight Sheath blight Relative height ShBltInc The type and severity of sheath blight symptoms caused by Thanethoporus cucumeris (Rhizoctonia solani). Symptoms: ellipsoidal, necrotic grayish-green lesions, which may enlarge and coalesce with other lesions, initially on lower leaf sheaths Estimate the extent of leaf rolling on exposure to drought Drought estimation leaf rolling Brown spot damage BS Brown spot Damage The type and severity of brown spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Bipolaris oryzae, Drechslera oryzae). Symptoms: typical leaf spots are small, oval or circular and dark brown. Larger lesions usually have the same color on the edges but have a pale, usually grayish center. Most spots have a light yellow halo around the outer edge. mg g-1 dry matter millimeter Vapourise the main component of aroma in rice (2AP: 2-acetyl-1pyrroline)) by adding 10 ml of a 1.7% solution of KOH to 2 g of freshly harvested decorticated grains. Smell the aroma after ten minutes Sensed aroma uncooked Leaf senescence Senescence Describes how soon leaves senesce Leaf LfSen Estimate the proportion and distribution of leaf area diseased Leaf scald damage estimation culm node anthocyanin intensity scale phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse scale Gall midge injury assessment field In a field test, observe the proportion of infected tillers. For the field test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, more than 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should be affected with not less than 15% silver shoot AYLD_CONT method Record the actual grain yield grain harvested on a plot. grams per square meter Flag leaf temperature Temperature FLfT Flag leaf surface temperature Flag leaf Correct the oven-dried grain yield to 14% moisture content Calculation -grain yield correction to 14% moisture content awn presence scale UPOV Non-structural carbohydrate content Nonstructural carbohydrate content in the stem StNSC Stem Stem total nonstructural carbohydrate content Awn presence AwPres Presence of awns Awn Presence Take the average stem aerenchyma area and multiply by the stem aerenchyma number Calculation - Total aerenchyma area Panicles per plant brown planthopper injury scale greenhouse leaf blade pubescence scale UPOV Number of spikelets with a filled grain per panicle Filled spikelet FSpPan Number per panicle Filled spikelets per panicle Bacterial blight damage estimation greenhouse Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a greenhouse test cubic centimeter Milled caryopsis amylose content Amylose content of milled rice as a proportion or percentage of the total amount of rice AmyCt Amylose content StDM Straw dry matter weight (ie aboveground dry matter without the grains) per area Yield Straw yield Straw narrow brown leaf spot scale Phenotypic Acceptability An overall assessment of phenotypic acceptability of the grains for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets PhenAcc Grain Phenotypic Acceptability Unfilled spikelets Dry weight of an unfilled spikelet, including the hull TUfGW Unfilled grain weight Weight centimeter FerTil Proportion of reproductive tillers Tiller fertility Proportion Fertile tiller Salt SaltInj Injury Salt injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in soils or other growth medium with high salt content gram per plant gall midge injury scale field Brown rice protein content Use standard laboratory procedure to measure the protein content of brown rice grains at 14% moisture content The extent of damage caused by whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. Damage Whitebacked planthopper damage Whitebacked planthopper WBPH Relative size Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Size (area) of the flag leaf relative to the size (ie area) of the leaf below it FLsizeR Flag leaf relative size cm Tillers per plant square millimeter Take the ratio of flag leaf area to area of the leaf below the flag leaf Calculation - Relative flag leaf size Calculation - Days to flowering from transplanting Calculate the number of days between transplanting and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) drought scale leaf rolling bacterial blight race 1 damage scale field Stem elongation estimation Estimate the ability of stems to elongate based on comparison with check varieties. Specify water depth under which the data was recorded Pith diameter PithD Diameter of the hollow portion of the culm Diameter Pith Take subsample of half-filled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain Average - half-filled spikelet weight Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Flag leaf angle estimation cult early pericarp colour IRRI scale culm diameter scale UPOV No scale name found lemma and palea pubescence scale UPOV AwThk Thickness Thickness of awns Awn thickness Awn Sterile lemma color examination cult Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of represenrtative plants and calculate the average Plant height average Average - Leaf dry weight Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight, weigh and take the average leaf weight Calculate the number of days between sowing and initial flowering dates Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom sowing g Analytical measurement - Protein content Predict protein content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. g per 100 spikelets sheath blight relative height scale Calculation - Pith diameter Calculate the average of major and minor pith diameters of the second internode from the base Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content from PLS-FTIR analysis Calculation -Total structural materials The abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle Pattern Spikelet on secondary branch of panicle Pan2ndBr Secondary panicle branching awn color scale anthesis UPOV Area Area of an air space in a cross-section of the culm Stem aerenchyma AerA Aerenchyma area Colour Ligule color Color of the ligule LigCol Ligule Calculation - Milled rice rate Calculate as the ratio of milled rice weight to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Panicle axis observation Observe the attitude of the main axis of the panicle Awn Awn color AwCol Colour of the awns, if present Colour Calculation - Filled spikelet percentage Take the number of filled spikelets and divide by the total number of spikelets per panicle, multiply by 100 bacterial blight damage scale field Submergence survival assessment Field evaluation: estimate the proportion of plants that survive submergence after floodwater recedes. Record the duration of submergence Gel consistency lab measurement Place 0.1g ground rice in a test tube with thymol blue (0.025% in ethanol, 0.2 ml) and KOH (0.2N, 2 ml). Shake the tube to mix contents, boil (8 min), rest (5 min) and then place in an ice-bath (15 min). Lay cooled tubes flat on graph paper for 1 hour, and then measure the distance that the gel travels . Included standards, as the age of the rice, degree of milling and operator skill affect reproducibility: IR48 (85?90 mm), IR32 (72-75 mm) and IR42 (30-32 mm). Estimate the type and severity of symptoms Yellow mottle disease assessment Average - Oven dry weight Oven dry representative flag leaf -1 at 70degC to constant weight and weigh. Take the average weight Caryopsis Scent Describes the aroma of rice grains Scent Sct Awn Length of awns AwLng Length Awn length Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin Anthocyanin content BLSAnth Basal leaf sheath Shape of the caryopsis Shape CaryoShp Caryopsis shape Caryopsis The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Panicle blast PBSev Severity Panicle blast severity mature lemma and palea color scale UPOV Drought injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by drought. Leaf rolling precedes leaf drying during drought. Response to drought is highly responsive to crop phenology, plant growth prior to stress, and the timing, duration, and intensity of drought stress. For many soils, it takes at least 2 rainless weeks during the vegetative stage to cause marked differences in response and at least 7 rainless days during the reproductive stage to cause severe drought injury. Repeated ratings are recommended through progress of the drought. Record the stage of plant growth when the stress occurred and the number of stress days. Drought DhtInj Injury Length of penultimate leaf blade Leaf LfLng Leaf length Length day Internodes No scale name found whitebacked planthopper injury scale greenhouse Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm node anthocyanin distribution Take the number of half-filled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100 Calculation - Half-filled spikelet percentage awn color scale immature IRRI Endosperm type assessment Stain polished (milled, white) rice grains with a weak KI-I solution, prepared by mixing 0.1% I2 solution with 0.2% KI solution, and observe the colour of the stained endosperm Anther length measurement Measure five anthers exposed at anthesis and calculate their average Flag leaf Dry weight of the uppermost leaf on the main culm Dry weight Flag leaf dry weight FLDw GelTemp Gelatinization temperature Gelatinization temperature Temperature at which the starch in endosperm gelatinizes, one of the key indicators of cooking quality Milled caryopsis parts per million Narrow brown leaf spot estimation Estimate the % leaf area diseased Time elapsed from date of emergence to flowering stage DFlwE Time to flowering from emergence Spikelet Time to flowering (from emergence) bacterial blight race 2 damage scale field gram Calculate as length times the width of the uppermost leaf on the main culm, multiplied by a constant (0.725) Calculation - Flag leaf area Area of the leaf below the flag leaf Area Flag leaf-1 FL1A Flag leaf-1 area mm Vegetative vigor Assess the vigor of plants in early vegetative stage PDef Phosphorus deficiency damage Phosphorus deficiency Damage The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of phosphorus in the growing medium Awn presence on wild species Wild species: while the spikelets are maturing, observe the presence of awns Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the stigmata when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare the colour against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Stigma color examination ligule shape scale cult SES millimeter millimeter Rice tungro The type and severity of tungro symptoms caused by the Rice tungro virus bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). Symptoms: yellow to yellow orange leaves, stunting and slightly reduced tillering RTungroSev Rice tungro disease Severity Calculate ratio of total aerenchyma area to culm area Calculation - Partial culm porosity DMatT Time elapsed from date of transplanting to physiological maturity stage Time to maturity (from transplanting) Spikelet Time to maturity from transplanting Wild species: assess the texture of the main panicle axis by rubbing fingers from the base towards the tip and assess the smoothness Panicle axis texture assessment The stiffness of the culm and its resilience to being bent over Culm strength Culm Strength CulmStr Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the diameter of the air space in the culm CulmP Culm Ratio of pith area to culm area Porosity Culm porosity Auricle anthocyanin AurShp Anthocyanin content Auricle Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles Chalkiness of endosperm Chalkiness Clk Endosperm Describes the extent to which milled (polished, white) rice appears to be a chalky white colour as opposed to translucent white. The chalky appearance arises from the incomplete development of starch grains in the endosperm, which leaves tiny air pockets between starch granules and results in weak grains Take the total dry weight of straw, rachis, and grain (filled and unfilled) and express on a per unit area Calculation - Total dry matter Half-filled spikelet Half-filled spikelets proportion Proportion HFSpPct Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are half-filled Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 2 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Brown planthopper biotype 2 injury assessment Spikelet sterility calculation Bag two primary panicles of at least 50 plants with glassine bags before their anthesis begins to prevent cross pollination. At maturity, count the filled (fertile) and unfilled (sterile) spikelets of the bagged panicles, calculate the proportion that are sterile Examine the colour of the awns after anthesis against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Awn color examination immature Aerenchyma diameter Stem aerenchyma AerD Diameter Width of air spaces in the culm Calculation - Nonstructural carbohydrate content Take sum of sucrose content and starch content from PLS-FTIR analysis Calculation - Grain yield from components of yield 1/ oven dry the harvested grains to constant dry weight. 2/ Derive the grain yield from the panicle density, the 1000-grain weight, the number of filled spikelets per panicle or spikelets per panicle and filled spikelet percentage sheath rot incidence scale yellow dwarf disease scale Analytical measurement - Sucrose content Predict sucrose content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Stem Stem protein content Protein content Protein content in the stem StPRO Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Grassy stunt 1 disease index FlgLfWdt Width Flag leaf width Flag leaf Width of the uppermost leaf of the main culm Leaf blade anthocyanin distribution Estimate the penultimate leaf blade for distribution of any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade. Code millimeter Average - Panicles per plant Count the number of panicles on representative plants and compute the average Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root diameter based on image Winrhyzo analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length. Image analysis - Root diameter using WinRhizo in SITIS platform grain width UPOV scale Position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base LfAng Leaf Leaf angle Angle kg per ha Calculation - Grain length to width ratio Take ratio of grain length to grain width anther colour scale Basal leaf sheath color examination 1 Examine the colour of the outside of the basal leaf sheath against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Kneeing ability presence Estimate presence/absence of knees after flowering in conditions where culms have fallen flat due to receding water flow. Length of the second internode from the base 2nd elongated culm internode Int2L Second internode length Length Observe the severity of damage caused by rice whorl maggot Rice whorl maggot damage assessment phosphorus deficiency tillering field scale Predict ash content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Ash content Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration Grassy stunt 1 disease estimation Leaffolder damage Damage The extent of leaf damage caused by leaffolder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis or Marasmia patnalis). Symptoms: Larvae consume the leaf tissue except the epidermis, causing typical white streaks. They create a leaf tube during later stages of feeding LfFolderDam Leaffolder Weigh a random sample of 1000 well-developed, whole grains dried to 14% moisture content 1000 grain (14%MC)weight measurement Panicle basal branch number Panicle basal branch Number Number of primary branches on the basal whorl of the panicle PanN ligule margin shape scale micromol CO2 m-2 s-1 Total porosity ratio gram Spikelets per hill SpHill Number per hill Spikelet Total number of spikelets per hill collar color scale RD Calculate the ratio of the difference between the major and minor culm diameters to the average culm diameter of the second internode from the base as measured via image analysis Calculation - Degree of culm deformation Maturity TMat Time to maturity Time elapsed from effective seeding date to grain ripening defined as when 80-85% of grains on panicle are mature (growth stage 9) Plant Number Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per panicle USpPan Unfilled spikelets per panicle Unfilled spikelet number of tillers Pericarp Colour of the pericarp Colour Pericarp colour PericCol grams per square meter panicle length UPOV scale Calculation - Head milled rice rate Calculate as the ratio of head rice weight (kernel longer than or equal to 3/4 full length of a kernel) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Panicle type assessment Estimate the orientation of primary branches on representative panicles by comparing them with a diagram of the categories or with photographs of the reference variety for each category Flag leaf area FLA Area Area of the uppermost leaf on the main culm Flag leaf Bacterial blight BBDam Bacterial blight damage Damage The type and severity of bacterial blight symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Symptoms: lesions usually start near the leaf tip or leaf margins or both, and extend down the outer edge(s). Young lesions are pale green to grayish green, later turning yellow to gray (dead) with time. In very susceptible varieties, lesions may extend to the entire leaf length into the leaf sheath whitebacked planthopper injury scale field Estimate the extent to which leaves dry on exposure to drought Drought estimation leaf drying gram sterile lemma color scale wild Describes the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers in the mature plant RhyzForm Rhizome/stolon Rhizome and stolon formation Formation Average culm diameter - cultivated species Cultivated species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of three representative plants StTWT Materials content Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content of stem Stem Total stem materials content percent GLWR Grain Length to width ratio Grain length to width ratio Ratio of grain length to grain width Culm strength estimation - SES Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground at intervals from harvest to maturity millimeter Seed germination 1 Estimate the proportion of germinated seeds Number PanD Number of panicles per unit area Panicle Panicle density Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma area View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the average area of the air spaces in the culm Brown planthopper injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of brown planthoppers and observe the damage on the seedlings Brown planthopper damage BPHDam The extent of damage caused by brown planthopper (Nilparvata lugens). Symptoms: Partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy Brown planthopper Damage DiFlwS Time to initial flowering (from sowing) Spikelet Time to initial flowering from sowing Time elapsed from date of sowing to initial flowering stage Measure distance from soil surface to base of panicle on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average Average culm length yellow stem borer deadheart damage scale Observe the percentage of the panicle that is inside the flag leaf sheath Panicle exsertion male sterile estimation kernel smut incidence scale mm grams per square meter Awn presence Observe the presence or absence of awns on maturing spikelets Gall midge injury assessment greenhouse In a greenhouse test, observe the proportion of plants with silver shoots. For the greenhouse test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should show silver shoots Spikelets per hill yellow mottle disease scale flag leaf angle scale cult early Oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and weigh the panicles of representative plants and take the average Average - Panicle dry weight per plant coleoptile anthocyanin scale Take the ratio of the pooled flag leaf area and the pooled flag leaf oven dry weight Calculation - Specific leaf area of pooled flag leaf Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters measured by image analysis Calculation - Culm diameter from image analysis Average leaf length Measure length of the penultimate leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average leaf margin pubescence scale Observe the vigor, leaf colour and damage to seedlings grown at 10 degrees C Seedling cold injury Estimate the proportion of plants with panicles showing symptoms Hoja blanca reproductive disease estimation lemma and palea pubescence scale IRRI Damage Green leafhopper damage The extent of damage caused by green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix cincticeps). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. Green leafhopper GLhDam Observe the colour of the leaf collar against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references Collar color brown planthopper biotype 3 injury scale False smut incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected spikelet sterility scale longer sterile lemma length scale millimeter pollen sterility scale lemma phenol reaction scale flag leaf angle scale cult late Average sterile lemma length - shorter Measure the average length of the sterile lemmas of five spikelets. If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet differ in length, measure only the shorter one. Grain elongation The extend to which grains elongate during cooking. High elongation is typical of basmati types of rice GrElong Elongation Grain Amount of grain (weight) produced per one plant Weight per plant GYplt Spikelet Grain yield per plant day Ligule margin shape determination Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice Panicle threshability estimation RD Cultivated species: grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action Anthocyanin content Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the collars CollAnth Collar Collar anthocyanin Longest awn length Cultivated species: measure the length of the longest awn vegetative vigor scale Number per area Spikelets density Spikelet Total number of spikelets per unit area SpD Kneeing ability Stem The ability of a stem, after it has fallen flat e.g. after floodwater recedes, to start growing upright from a young node (the knee)) and bear panicles, typically an ability expressed by deepwater varieties (applicable only in conditions where culms have fallen flat) KneeAb kneeing ability grassy stunt 2 disease scale millimeter secondary panicle branching scale Take the number of unfilled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100 Calculation - Unfilled spikelet percentage Calculation - Harvest index Take ratio of grain yield to total dry matter per area Secondary panicle branching observation Observe the abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle, and by referring to a diagram of standards hoja blanca reproductive disease scale Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Anthocyanin below apiculus examination mature Number per plant Tiller TillNo Tiller number per plant Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers arising from the base of each plant The extent of plant damage caused by gall midge (Orseolia oryzae). Symptoms: light-colored tubular galls resembling an onion leaf on the youngest leaf of the shoot in a tiller. GallMidgeDam Damage Gall midge Gall midge damage Observe the damages on plants caused by whitebacked planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment field gall midge injury scale greenhouse Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea. In the case of awned varieties, measure to a point comparable to the tip of the apiculus, i.e. excluding the awn. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains Average grain length count Stigma exsertion calculation Count the number of florets that have completed anthesis on a given day and the number of those florets that have exserted stigma on one or both sides of the floret. Calculate the proportion of florets with exserted stigma percent cm/cm rhizome formation scale 1 Caryopsis width measurement Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the width of ten caryopses at their widest point at right angles to its length and calculate their average Panicle temperature Temperature PanT Panicle Panicle surface temperature basal leaf sheath anthocyanin scale Examine the colour of the apiculus of immature lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references Immature apiculus color examination percent kilogram per hectare Head rice Describes how much of a sample of milled rice comprises whole rather than broken kernels. Head rice is defined as kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels Proportion HdR Head rice Measure distance between the panicle neck node of the main culm and the panicle base, i.e. uppermost culm node. Repeat measurement on other representative plants and take the average. Average - Peduncle length Observe growth in a growing medium with a deficiency of zinc Zinc deficiency injury assessment degree Celsius Culm partial porosity CulmPP Culm Partial porosity Ratio of aerenchyma area to culm area BLSCol Basal leaf sheath color Colour Colour of the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Basal leaf sheath outcrossing scale method_of Sterility The degree of male (pollen) sterility Male pollen MaleSter Pollen sterility Milled polished grain Zinc content in polished grain Zinc content in grain Zinc content Leaf sheath Leaf sheath thickness Thickness LfST Thickness of the leaf sheath surrounding the stem Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh. Weighing - filled grain weight Narrow brown leaf spot Damage NBLSDam Narrow brown leaf spot damage The type and severity of narrow brown leaf spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Sphaerulina oryzina (Cercospora janseana) Colour Colour of anther Anther AnCo Anther colour mg g-1 dry matter Spikelets per panicle Flag leaf-1 Flag leaf-1 specific leaf area Specific area FL1Sla Ratio of area to dry weight of the leaf below the flag leaf Ligule shape determination Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice mature lemma and palea ornamentation scale UPOV LemaShp Sterile lemma shape Shape Sterile lemma Shape of the sterile lemmas Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) NRGQASC - Grain length mm Major diameter Culm major diameter - 2nd internode CDMaj 2nd elongated culm internode Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath flag leaf angle scale wild Water extraction capacity Plant Water extraction capacity Capcaity of the plant to extract water from the soil SMTwp No scale name found Calculation - Days to maturity Take the number of days to flowering and add 30 days Green leaf Proportion Stay-green Proportion of leaves that stayed green until the maturity stage SGr Use standard laboratory procedure (XRF- Fluorescence Analyzer) to determine the zinc content in a sample of polished grain. The recommended sample size is 10g. Zinc content - XRF fluorescence analyser Calculation - Flag leaf specific leaf area Take the ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight apiculus color scale mature Keel anthocyanin immature scale leaf blast damage scale mg g-1 dry matter Leaf blast damage estimation Assess the type of lesion and the proportion of leaf area affected by leaf blast. Entries with scores 4-9 may also have lesions of scale 1 or 2. In cases where the lesion develops only on the collar, joint of the leaf sheath and the leaf blade, causing the leaf blade to drop off, a scale unit of 4 is to be given. Grain discoloration incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of glumes that are discoloured mg g-1 dry matter StASH Stem ash content Ash content Ash content in the stem Stem GrnWt Weight Grain weight The weight of a whole grain including the hull Spikelet Estimate the type and severity of symptoms on secondary growth after cutting at the base Yellow dwarf disease assessment Describes the ease with which grains are removed from the panicle during threshing Panicle Threshability Panicle threshability PanThr Brown spot damage estimation Estimate the % leaf area diseased bakanae disease incidence scale Calculation - Spikelets per square meter Calculate as the sum of filled, half-filled and unfilled spikelets per area Average - Panicles per hill Count the number of panicles per hill for several hills. Take the average. Panicle Weight per plant Panicle dry weight per plant Panicle dry weight per plant PDWplt seeding date Seeding date Date of effective seeding, ie the date when seeds were first moistened This may be the date of soaking for pre-soaked seed, or the date of sowing for dry seed sown onto a wet seedbed, or the date when rain or other moisture becomes available to seed sown dry on a dry seedbed Plant SdDate Time of 50% heading estimation Estimate the earliness of the heading in plots, defining time of heading as the date when 50% of plants have panicles halfway emerged OutXExt Describes the extent of outcrossing of male sterile lines Outcrossing extent Outcrossing extent Plant Observe the damage to panicles Panicle blast damage estimation g per 1000 spikelets % cm Filled spikelet proportion Spikelet FSpProp Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains Proportion degree Celsius percent centimeter StemBorer Damage Stem borer damage The extent of damage caused by stem borers, which include Chilo suppressalis (striped), C. polychrysus (dark headed), Rupela albinella (South American white), Scirpophaga incertulas (yellow), S innotata (white), Sesamia inferens (pink), Maliarpha separatella (African whiteheads), Diopsis macrophthalma (Stalked-eyed fly), and several other species Stem borer Derive grain weight per plant from number of productive panicles per plant, 1000-grain weight, and number filled spikelets per panicle. Calculation - Grain yield per plant Iron toxicity injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high (toxic) iron content in the growing medium IronInj Injury Iron toxicity FLSla Flag leaf Specific area Flag leaf specific area Ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root volume based on image analysis Image analysis - Root volume using WinRhizo in SITIS platform square millimeter Green leaves per plant millimeter Alkali injury assessment Observe growth in alkaline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores. Time elapsed from date of transplanting to flowering stage DFlwT Time to flowering from transplanting Time to flowering (from transplanting) Spikelet vegetative cold injury scale Observe the proportion of plants that are lodged at harvest Lodging incidence estimation Colour Color of the apiculus of the lemma Apiculus of lemma Apiculus color ApCol Incidence StmRotInc Stem rot The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by Magnaporthe salvinii (Nakatea sigmoidea, Sclerotium oryzae) and Helminthosporium sigmoideum var. irregulare. Symptoms: dark lesions develop on the stems near the water line. Small, dark bodies (sclerotia) develop, weaken the stem and cause lodging. Stem rot Measure length of representative leaves below the flag leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade. Take the average length Average - Flag leaf-1 length basal leaf sheath color scale 1 Average - Major stem diameter Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the wider portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter. The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in alkaline soils Alkali AlkInj Alkali injury Injury Phenol reaction Lemma Describes the change in colour of lemmas in response phenol Lemma phenol reaction PhenReac Dry weight Dry weight of flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Pooled dry weight of the flag leaf and the leaf below it Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 FLpDw Average awn length Calculate the average length of the awns on 10 randomly selected spikelets GrLng Length of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea Spikelet Grain length Length culm diameter scale wild Average - Grain yield per plant Measure weight of filled grains from primary and secondary panicles harvested on one plant. Repeat measurement on representative plants. Take the average MRR Milled rice rate Dehulled grain after milling and polishing Proportion Proportion of milled and polished (processed) rice obtained from rough rice (grain with hull) awn length scale cult View cross-sectioned sample of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the thickness of the wall of the cross-sectioned culm Image analysis - Culm wall thickness case worm damage scale leaf length scale Take yield expressed on an area basis and multiply with plot size Calculation - Grain yield per plot mature lemma and palea color scale SES ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) Calculation - Total stem material Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content from PLS-FTIR analysis ligule pubescence scale 1 Tiller Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per hill Number per plant Tiller number per hill TilHill centimeter Rice delphacid injury assessment field Observe the damages on plants caused by rice delphacid. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Describes the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemma and palea LmPPub Lemma and palea Pubescence Lemma and palea pubescence false smut incidence scale panicle blast damage scale mg g-1 dry matter mm Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis Calculation - Half-filled spikelets per square meter bacterial blight damage scale greenhouse drought grade 1-5 Apiculus of lemma Shape of the apiculus of the lemma Shape ApSh Apiculus shape CulmA Cross-sectional area of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath Area Culm Culm area drought scale spikelet sterility Describes the form of the margin of the ligule Ligule margin Shape LigMargShp Ligule margin shape sterile lemma length scale FlgLfLng Flag leaf length Flag leaf Length of the uppermost leaf of the main culm Length millimeter mm centimeter Polish a sample of rice and quantify chalkiness automatically using a duly calibrated Cervitec instrument Chalkiness Cervitec assessment Count the total number of grain-bearing and non-bearing tillers on five plants and calculate the average Culm number measurement per plant Spikelet DFlwS Time to flowering from sowing Time to flowering (from sowing) Time elapsed from date of sowing to flowering stage Measure the distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch on five representative panicles and calculate their average Average panicle distance to basal branch Damage BLS Bacterial leaf streak damage Bacterial leaf streak The type and severity of bacterial leaf streak symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. Symptoms: linear lesions with small bacterial exudates Length LigLng Ligule length Ligule Length of ligule, defined as distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule drought scale leaf drying mm Total dry weight of stem and sheath per plant Mass Stem SDWplt Stem dry weight g per plot Caryopsis width Caryopsis The width of the caryopsis at its widest point at right angles to its length (ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling the grain and before milling) CaryoWdt Width square millimeter Estimate the proportion of tillers that are diseased Sheath rot incidence estimation Tillers per plant Case worm damage CaseWormDam The extent of plant damage caused by caseworm (Nymphula depunctalis). Symptoms: only the papery upper epidermis of the leaf remains after larvae have fed on the internal leaf tissue Caseworm Damage Observe the extent to which panicles are exserted above the flag leaf sheath Panicle exsertion estimation square millimeter Ragged stunt disease estimation Estimate the type and severity of symptoms Average - Canopy height Measure distance from soil surface to top level of the canopy of representative plants and take the average spikelet fertility scale RD Leaf blast damage The type and severity of leaf blast symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms are necrotic lesions on the leaves, in severe cases leading to leaf death Damage LfBlastDam Leaf blast 100 grain weight measurement Cultivated species: take a random sample of 100 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance Color of stigma Stigma color Colour StgmCol Stigma Spikelets per panicle ligule shape scale UPOV Male sterility group Sterility cause A classification of male sterility according to the type or cause of sterility Male pollen MaleSterGp Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected Kernel smut incidence estimation Observe the presence and intensity of any purplish colour that can be attributed to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence Area of the culm wall Culm wall area CwallA Area Culm wall KSmut Kernel smut Kernel smut Incidence The type and severity of kernel smut symptoms caused by Tilletia barclayana causing kernel smut. Ratio of aerenchyma area to cortex area Culm specific porosity CulmSP Specific porosity Culm Measure width at the widest portion of the penultimate leaf on the main culm of five representative plants. Calculate average Average leaf width Calculation - Soil moisture content at wilting point Calculate as the ratio of soil oven-dried weight to soil fresh weight at wilting point. FGW Weight Filled spikelet The weight of a spikelet that is filled with a grain Filled grain weight g Observe effects on vigour and leaf colour of plants grown at 17-18 degrees C before flowering Vegetative cold injury Diameter of the narrower portion of pith Diameter PDMin Pith Pith minor diameter The number of chromosomes in the nucleus Chromosome number ChrNo Chromosome Number Rice bug damage Damage The extent of plant damage caused by rice bug (Leptocorisa oratorisa). RBugDam Rice bug Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Grassy stunt 2 disease index View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the narrower portion of the culm Image analysis - Minor culm diameter Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration Grassy stunt 2 disease estimation View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the hollow region of the culm Image analysis - Pith area stem borer whitehead damage scale hoja blanca vegetative disease scale centimeter cm Phosphorus deficiency tillering field In a field test, grow each line under two conditions: without P fertilizer (low P) and with 25kg P/ha fertilizer (standard P). Estimate the number of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P Count only the number of panicles with lesions covering completely around the node, neck or lower part of the panicle axis (symptom type 7-9), and estimate their percentage Panicle blast incidence Average - Green leaf number Count number of green leaves on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average number Leaf folder injury assessment field Use an augmented experimental design, with a susceptible and resistant check (if available) after every 10 test entries. Replicate test entries three times if seed is available. Observe the proportion of plants with injured and folded leaves. The susceptible check should average at least 40% to accept the test as a measure of resistance Measure the ratio of the length of cooked to uncooked polished (white) rice grains Grain elongation ratio Number Aerenchyma number AerN Number of air spaces in the culm Stem aerenchyma Sterile lemma color examination wild Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. ligule shape scale wild Culm node underlying colour examination If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Leaffolder unadjusted injury rating In a greenhouse test where NT leaves have been scored using the single leaf injury score, calculate the injury rating R = (N1 + 2xN2 + 3xN3)x100% / (NTx3), where N1-N3 are the number of leaves with score 1-3 Panicle blast severity Scoring X panicles using the panicle blast damage score, compute panicle blast severity PBS= (10xN1 + 20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/X, where N1-N9 are the number of panicles with score 1-9 Gel consistency Consistency Describes the consistency of a rice gel formed by grinding, chemically treating, boiling, and cooling a sample of grains. This measures the tendency of cooked rice to harden on cooling, a function of carbohydrate composition GelC Gel Brown rice rate BRR Proportion Proportion of brown rice (dehulled grains) obtained from rough rice (hulled grain) Dehulled grain after milling mm immature apiculus color IRRI scale Starch content Stem Stem starch content StSTA Starch content in the stem % Grain length score Plant Ratio of grain yield to total aboveground biomass Harvest index Biomass partionning HI Total stem extractives content in the stem StEXT Extractives content Stem extractives content Stem If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet have different lengths, measure the average length of the longer sterile lemma of five spikelets Average sterile lemma length - longer Total surface area of root system RtA Surface area Root surface area Root Awn color examination mature UPOV / IRRI Examine the colour of the awns after harvest against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. First heading date observation Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which first flush of flowering heads appear ufra incidence scale leaf angle scale cm panicle threshability scale RD leaf scald damage scale leaf blade anthocyanin distribution scale sterile lemma color scale cult Anther length AnLt Anther length Length Anther percent Calculation - Percentage of grain with chalkiness Calculate as the percentage of head milled grains with chalkiness. The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing). Calculation - Grain yield from plant density Take yield per plant and multiply with plants density Fertility restoration evaluation Step 1 (pollen fertility: see pollen sterility score): Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the percentage that are fertile, and score. Step 2 (spikelet fertility): count the number of filled grains andtotal spikelets per panicle and convert into percentage fertile. Score the combination of pollen fertility with spikelet fertility Spikelets per panicle Leaf blast damage type Assess the type of lesion Damage The extent of damage caused by rice delphacid (Sogatodes oryzicola (Tagosodes orizicolus)). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. RDelphDam Rice delphacid Rice delphacid RtD Diameter Root Diameter of a cross-section of the root Root diameter Height Plant height Plant height defined as distance from the soil surface to the highest point of the plant (panicle or flag leaf) excluding awns Plant PlntHt Leaf blade LfBladGreen Greeness Intensity of greenness on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade, if visible under any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin Leaf blade greenness Aboveground dry matter TDMplt Total dry matter per plant Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per plant Weight per plant Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea before the grain ripens. Immature lemma and palea colour Submergence tolerance Tolerance SubTol The ability of plants to survive a period of submergence Submergence alkali digestion scale Leaf total number Lf Number per plant Total number of fully expanded leaves produced per plant from germination to flowering Leaf Anthocyanin content Coleoptile anthocyanin Coleoptile Purple pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the coleoptile ColeoAnth Rice bug damage assessment Observe the proportion of injured grains per panicle caused by rice bug Calculation - Spikelets unfilled weight on area basis Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis Panicle shattering estimation Observe the extent to which grains have shattered from the panicle before being threshed 10 days after soaking rain or watering ends a period of drought, estimate the % of plants that recover. Indicate the degree of drought stress before watering Drought recovery estimation Take representative panicles, measure temperature near panicle surface with an infrared gun and take the average Average - Panicle temperature Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the keel of the lemma Keel KeelAnth Keel anthocyanin Anthocyanin content PDMaj Pith Diameter of the wider portion of pith Diameter Pith major diameter Estimate the % spikelet fertility of plants exposed to high temperature during ... ? Flowering? Ripening? Flowering heat injury Measure width at the widest portion of the leaf below the flag leaf on the main culm. Repeat measurement on representative leaf and take the average width. Average - Flag leaf width Culm strength scale SES brown planthopper biotype 2 injury scale Spikelet Grain thickness Thickness of grain with hull GrThk Thickness CulmLng Culm Length Culm length Length of the main culm (stem), defined as the distance from the soil surface to the base of the panicle GY Yield Grain yield Spikelet Amount of grain (weight) produced per area stigma exsertion scale Calculation - Total dry matter per plant Take the total dry weight of stems, leaves and panicles per plant Collar Colour Colour of the leaf collar CollCol Collar color Polish a sample of rice and evaluate a representative sample visually. Estimate the proportion of the kernel area that appears chalky white, particularly with respect to the belly, the center, and the back. Chalkiness visual assessment brown planthopper biotype 1 injury scale % Green leaf number GLf Green leaf Number of green leaves on the main culm Number per plant Mature lemma and palea color Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea after harvest. Peak temperature Gradually heat a sample of milled rice using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), which measures the energy expended to raise the temperature of starch crystals as they gelatinize and melt. The temperature at which energy expenditure is maximum (peak temperature) provides a precise measure of gelatinization temperature. Colour of internodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings Underlying colour CulmINodUnderCol Culm internode Culm internode underlying colour Ratio of pooled flag leaf area to pooled flag leaf dry mass Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 FLpSla Specific area of flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Specific area Seedling vigor Assess the vigor of seedlings Calculate the number of days between sowing and physiological maturity (i.e. when the grain is hard and ready for harvest) Calculation - Days to physiological maturity from sowing Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis Calculation - Unfilled spikelets per square meter Lemma phenol reaction Place hulls from 10 grains into a petri dish of 5 cm diameter, add 5 ml of 1.5% phenol solution, cover the petri dish, and keep at room temperature for 1 day. Observe the intensity of the reaction of the phnol on the lemmas grassy stunt 1 disease scale green leafhopper injury scale greenhouse Panicle branch arrangement scale Average panicle length - immature Measure the length of main axis of the immature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground Culm strength estimation - RD kneeing ability scale SES Panicles per plant Panicle branch arrangement assessment Observe whether primary branches on the panicle axis are grouped into whorls or are borne individually on alternate sides Glume opening GlOp Glume Opening The extent to which the glumes (i.e. the lemma and palea) of a floret open during blooming Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Flag leaf angle estimation cult late Calculation - Half-filled spikelet per panicle Calculate from the number of half-filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 percent Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 3 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Brown planthopper biotype 3 injury assessment % leaf area affected UFSpPct Unfilled spikelets proportion Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are unfilled Proportion Unfilled spikelet millimeter Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Green leafhopper injury assessment greenhouse leaf blade anthocyanin presence scale ZnDefInj Injury Zinc deficiency Zinc deficiency injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of zinc in the growing medium 1000 grain weight scale leaffolder injury scale greenhouse mg g-1 dry matter Filled spikelet density Number of spikelets with filled grains per unit area FSD Number per area Filled spikelet Estimation - overall drought symptoms Observe plant growth and rate level of drought symptoms Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root length based on WinRHIZO image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method to calculate total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size. Image analysis - Root length using WinRhizo in SITIS platform green leafhopper injury scale field millimeter Calculation - Leaf sheath thickness Take the difference between the stem diameter and culm diameter and divide this by 2 Cultivated species: visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering. Ligule color estimation - cultivated Cultivated species: assess the hairiness of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards Leaf blade pubescence Analytical measurement - Lignin content Predict lignin content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. millimeter Hoja blanca vegetative disease estimation Estimate the proportion of young plants with leaves showing symptoms mol H2O m-2 s-1 culm diameter scale cult Take the ratio of number of green leaves at maturity to the number of green leaves at flowering Calculation - Stay-green Intact dehulled grain after milling Head milled rice rate Proportion Proportion of head rice (kernel longer or equal to 3/4 full length of the kernel) obtained from milling the rough rice (grain with hull) HMRR Collect 5-10 blooming florets of a male sterile line from different plants and measure the average angle of the opening between glumes (viz., lemma and palea) Glume opening angle Salt injury assessment Observe growth in saline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores. Measure the average thickness of 10 representative spikelets, 1 cm from the apiculus of the spikelet. Average awn thickness millimeter Spikelets per panicle PS Carbon dioxide assimilation rate of the leaf Photosynthetic rate Leaf Photosynthetic rate Stem major diameter - 2nd internode Major diameter Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath 2nd elongated stem internode SDMaj Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on seedlings Rice delphacid injury assessment greenhouse grams per day Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure photosynthetic rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Gas exchange photosynthetic rate in SITIS platform flowering date Plant Flowering date FlwDate Date of flowering Yield measurement Harvest grain from at least 5 m2/plot, discarding at least three border rows. Thresh, dry the rough (paddy) rice to 14% moisture content, and weigh. brown spot damage scale Observe growth in soil with toxic concentrations of iron Iron injury assessment cm Measure the length of main axis of the mature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average Average panicle length - mature immature apiculus color UPOV scale Calculation - Days to panicle exsertion Calculate the number of days between the heading date and the date of exsertion of the last spikelet rice whorl maggot damage scale Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade Leaf blade Pubescence Leaf blade pubescence LfBladPub square meter per second per mol of water Cook freshly harvested grains and smell the aroma Sensed aroma cooked Measure the distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule on the penultimate leaf of five plants, and calculate the average Average ligule length Culm node underlying colour CulmNodUndCol Underlying colour Culm node Colour of nodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings Calculation - Flag leaf -1 specific leaf area Take the ratio of leaf area to leaf dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf Panicle blast Damage The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Panicle blast damage PBDam Ability of a plant to grow and develop normally under cold conditions. Key periods of sensitivity are during seedling growth, tillering, and flowering Cold Sensitivity Cold tolerance ColdSens NRGQASC - Grain width Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) 10 grain weight measurement Wild species: take a random sample of 10 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance count culm node underlying colour scale submergence relative survival scale stem borer deepwater damage scale Caryopsis width scale Rat damage RatDam Damage The extent of damage caused by rats. Symptoms: the tiller is cut at a 45 degrees angle. Damage is typically heavier in the center of a crop (stadium effect). A tiller cut through by a rodent is likely to regrow, if this is after maximum tillering then the regrown tiller is unlikely to produce panicles prior to harvest. Often the regrown, but non productive, tillers are not scored as rodent damage. Rat Calculation - Culm wall area Calculate culm area minus the pith area Spikelets per panicle Amylose content - NIRS Take a milled rice NIR spectrum and predict the amylose content using chemiometrics. % mg g-1 dry matter Head rice proportion Dehull and mill (polish) a sample of grains (paddy). Weigh the whole sample of polished rice, including both whole and broken kernels. Measure the length of 10 randomly selected whole kernels and compute the average. Head rice are all the kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels. Separate and weigh the head rice, and calculate the proportion of head rice out of the total weight of polished rice seedling vigor scale % awn length scale wild Plant height measurement Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of the plant Length FL1L Flag leaf-1 Flag leaf-1 length Length of leaf below the flag leaf Average - unfilled spikelet weight Take subsample of unfilled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade Anthocyanin content Leaf blade anthocyanin Leaf blade LfBladAnth g per 1000 spikelets Dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf Flag leaf-1 dry weight FL1Dw Dry weight Flag leaf-1 Calculation - Spikelets per panicle Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 (= SPM2/PANM2) ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) Pith area Area PithA Area of the hollow region of the culm Pith Calculation - Flag leaf -1 area Calculate as length times the width of the leaf below the flag leaf, multiplied by a constant (0.725) culm node anthocyanin scale culm angle UPOV scale collar anthocyanin presence scale cm2 g-1 apiculus shape scale Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh. Weighing - filled grain weight % % AurCol Color of the auricle Colour Auricle Auricle color The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 1 virus (RGSV1). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with small rusty spots Grassy stunt 1 Severity Grassy stunt 1 disease RGSV1Sev square centimeter Sub-stomatal cavity carbon dioxide concentration CI CO2 Concentration Leaf Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Leaf scald damage The type and severity of leaf scald symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Monographella albescens (Microdochium oryzae). Symptoms: lesions occur mostly near leaf tips, but sometimes start at the margin of the blade and develop into large ellipsoid areas encircled by dark-brown, narrow bands accompanied by a light-brown halo Damage LfScald Leaf scald Compute the average diameter of the basal portion of the main culm on three representative plants Average culm diameter Awn distribution scale day Remove leaf sheath and measure narrower width of the second elongated internode from the base and take the average Average - Minor culm diameter stem elongation scale ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) Leaf margin pubescence Wild species: assess the presence/absence of hairs on the leaf margin millimolar trolox equivalent Observe effects on spikelet fertility, heading and growth of plants grown at 17-18 degrees during flowering Flowering cold injury Calculation - Stomatal resistance Take inverse of stomatal conductance Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected Bakanae disease incidence estimation Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area to cortex area Calculation - Specific culm porosity Seedling height SeedlHt Height Height of seedlings, measured from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade Seedling square centimeter Sucrose content StSUC Sucrose content in the stem Stem Stem sucrose content stigma color scale 1 ligule color scale wild rice delphacid injury scale greenhouse leaf angle scale Average - Productive tiller number per plant Count all productive tillers in representative plants and take the average Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis Calculation - Spikelets half-filled weight on area basis Proportion Proportion of grains with chalkiness Proportion of head milled grains with chalkiness PGWC Chalky dehulled intact grain mm Ufra incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that show visible symptoms of infection Weight per plant Straw dry matter per plant Straw Dry weight of stems and leaves per plant StDM Leaf senescence harvest estimation Estimate by observing all leaves below the flag leaf for their retention of greenness when the grains are ready for harvesting panicle exsertion male sterile scale gel consistency scale centimeter Abortion pattern estimation Collect florets and fix in 3:1 Acetic acid:alcohol solution. Squeeze out pollen grains under a drop of acetocarmine stain, observe under a microscope at 10x10 magnification, and estimate the predominant staining behavior and number of nuclei visible Culm strength scale RD degrees Visually estimate the penultimate leaf blade for the intensity of greenness. Leaf blade greenness Thrips damage assessment Estimate the severity of damage caused by thrips Udbatta disease Incidence UDInc Udbatta disease The type and severity of udbatta disease symptoms caused by Balansia oryzae-sativae (Ephelis oryzae). Symptoms: a white mycelial mat ties the panicle branches together so that they emerge as single, small, cylindrical rods. basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence scale awn color scale mature IRRI millimeter Leaves per plant centimeter Calculate the number of days between sowing and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Calculation - Days to 50% flowering from sowing Ligule color estimation - wild Wild species: estimate visually the colour of ligules at anthesis. stem borer deadheart damage scale Male sterility estimation Examine pollen grains under a microscrope and estimate the proportion that are sterile Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected Udbatta disease incidence estimation RWhorlMaggDam Rice whorl maggot damage Rice whorl maggot Damage The extent of plant damage caused by rice whorl maggot (Hydrellia philippina). Symptoms: maggots eat the leaf margins causing conspicuous injury and sometimes stunting of plants mature lemma and palea color scale IRRI drought recovery scale immature lemma and palea colour scale Hoja blanca Hoja blanca disease Severity The type and severity of hoja blanca disease symptoms caused by rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV) causing hoja blanca. Symptoms: cream colored to yellow spots, elongating and coalescing fo form longitudinal yellowish green to pale green striations. Streaks may coalesce to cover the whole leaf. Brown and sterile glumes with typical parrot beak shape of deformation HojaBlancaSev culm length scale count Stem minor diameter - 2nd internode Minor diameter 2nd elongated stem internode SDMin Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath Image analysis - Root surface area using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root surface area based on image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length. Surface area is calculated from root diameter and length assuming the root has a round cross-section. brown planthopper injury scale field Tillering scale flowering heat injury scale leaf blade pubescence scale wild leaf blast damage type scale Leaf margin Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the leaf margin Leaf margin pubescence LfMargPub Pubescence leaffolder single leaf injury scale anthocyanin below apiculus scale mature Estimate the type and severity of damage to leaves Bacterial leaf streak damage estimation grams per square meter Bird damage Bird Damage The extent of damage caused by birds. BirdDam grams per square meter % Days awn presence scale wild PanBasBrDist Panicle distance to basal branch Panicle/basal branch Distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch Distance abortion pattern scale cm mm/mm kg per kg cm2 cm-2 day % Remove leaf sheath and measure wider width of second elongated internodes from the base and take the average Average - Major culm diameter Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains Average grain width Calculation - Grain filling rate About 2 weeks after flowering, measure grain weight twice at a week interval. Then, compute the grain filling rate by dividing the difference in weight by the time interval. Eg grain weight at 21 days after flowering minus grain weight at 15 days after flowering divided by six days In of bakanae disease symptoms caused by Gibberella fujikuroi. Symptoms: the plant elongates abnormally, has few tillers, and usually dies before producing grains Bakanae disease Bakanae disease BakInc Incidence Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test Bacterial blight damage estimation field Measure width at the widest portion of the flag leaf on five representative plants. Calculate average Average flag leaf width rice delphacid injury scale field Number of panicles per plant estimation Estimate the average number of panicles per plant. Press spikelets between fingers to check which have filled grains inside. Test five representative panicles to estimate the percentage of spikelets that are filled score Spikelet fertility score Mature lemma and palea ornamentation Visually determinate the colour ornamentation of (i.e. colours present only on parts of) the lemma and palea at maturity millimeter immature apiculus anthocyanin scale day Predict cell wall carbohydrate composition using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Cell wall carbohydrate composition Main flowering date observation Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which 80% of the flowering heads have appeared panicle blast incidence scale Antioxydant activity ORAC Leaf Oxygen radical absorbance capacity Antioxidant activity of leaf extracts The angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis Angle FlgLfAng Flag leaf angle Flag leaf The attitude of the main axis of the panicle, which ranges from straight upright to droopy PanAxAtt Attitude Panicle axis attitude Panicle axis panicle threshability scale SES Caryopsis length/width ratio scale SES Mature apiculus color examination Examine the colour of the apiculus of maturing lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references Manual measurement - Gas exchange transpiration rate in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure transpiration rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Score RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9 5 weeks after inoculation in the greenhouse, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored . Ragged stunt disease index Culm node anthocyanin Anthocyanin content Culm node CulmNodAnth Purplish markings, if any, on nodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin Canopy height Height CanH Canopy Distance from soil surface to top of canopy Total dry weight of leaves per plant LDWplt Leaf Dry weight per plant Leaf dry weight per plant Ligule pubescence estimation Assess pubescence (hairiness) of the ligules under a hand lens. anthocyanin below apiculus scale immature Averaged Manual measurement - Unfilled spikelet number per panicle Count the number of unfilled spikelets per panicle of representative panicles and then take the average Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma number View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to count the number of air spaces in the culm Measure distance between the base of the flag leaf and the panicle neck node, there is positive exertion if the panicle base is above the flag leaf base and a negative exsertion if otherwise. Manual measurement - Panicle exsertion Outcrossing calculation Grow the male sterile line in the field, ensuring an abundant supply of pollen from other plants while it is flowering. Calculate the proportion of seed set on the out-pollinated primary panicles male sterility scale Stem total structural materials content Stem Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content of stem StSTR Non-structural material content Take the average of major and minor stem diameters of the second elongated internode from the base Calculation - Stem diameter Caryopsis length SES Measure and score the length of the caryopsis At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart caused by Scirpophaga incertulas. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart Yellow stem borer deadheart damage assessment Predict starch content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Starch content Leaffolder single leaf injury assessment In a greenhouse test, observe the early injury from leaffolder to each leaf on young plants Auricle color examination Examine the colour of the auricles against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Endosperm type scale panicle shattering scale variable_of Count the number of filled spikelets per panicle. Repeat the measurement on other representative panicles. Take the average number of filled spikelets per panicle. Average - Filled spikelet number per panicle Average - Length of second internode Measure the distance between the second and third nodes, counting from the base of the main culm. Repeat measurement on other representative plant. Take the average seedling height scale pericarp colour UPOV scale Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 1 Bacterial blight race 1 damage estimation field SdGerm The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis. Seed germination Seed Germination culm internode underlying colour scale Calculate the number of days between transplanting and initial flowering dates Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom transplanting Estimate the % of leaf area that have been scraped by case worms Case worm damage assessment Aerenchyma rice tungro disease scale leaf blade pubescence scale IRRI cult Calculation - Filled spikelet per panicle Calculate from the number of filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 mm % of plants that lodged millimeter Calculate as the difference between the main heading date and the date of effective seeding Days to 80% flowering count Caryopsis length SES scale glume opening scale mm culm node anthocyanin presence scale Days day Estimate visually the presence or absence of a purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf blade anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade Leaf blade anthocyanin presence ligule shape scale cult RD Stomata Stomatal conductance Water vapor conductance Rate of passage of water vapor through the leaf Gs mm Measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point Grain width UPOV estimation Brown planthopper biotype 1 injury assessment Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 1 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Code Leaf Temperature Leaf temperature LfT Leaf surface temperature panicle length scale Length PedL Length of the stalk bearing the panicle Peduncle length Peduncle Culm node anthocyanin presence Estimate the presence/absence of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm. scale_of Wild species: 7 days after anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Flag leaf angle estimation wild culm angle SES scale Panicles per hill Rhizome formation observation Wild species: observe the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers around the base of a potted plant when it is ready for harvest millimeter culm internode anthocyanin scale SPAD unit gram kneeing ability presence scale seedling cold injury scale Stem borer deepwater damage assessment For deepwater rice, make dissections of 20 or more tillers per plot or row after heading, count the numbers of infested tillers and estimate the proportion of infested tillers leaf blade greenness scale Examine the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Mature apiculus anthocyanin examination Calculation - Spikelets per hill Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of hills per m2 percent degree Celsius degrees C No of chromosomes Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the area just below the apiculus of the lemma BApAnth Anthocyanin content Lemma below apiculus Anthocyanin below apiculus square millimeter auricle color scale ligule color scale cult cm2 g-1 phenotypic acceptability scale View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the cross-sectioned culm Image analysis - Culm area maturity scale UPOV thrips damage scale panicle exsertion scale leaf folder injury scale field percent leaf senescence harvest scale chalkiness 0-9 scale mg g-1 dry matter Wild species: assess the hairiness and the location of hairs on the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards. Leaf blade pubescence estimation wild udbatta disease incidence scale Estimate the proportion of spikelet fertility after exposure to drought Drought estimation spikelet sterility panicle axis scale UPOV ppm rice bug damage scale Observe the intensity of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm. Culm node anthocyanin intensity