PGWC_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI Fully awned 2 AmyCt_Meas_Pct IRRI Jeffrey Detras AMY HT PlntHt_Meas_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin IRRI FLCC_MM_SPAD StNSC_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI Emarginate 4 CaryoWdt_Av_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras StrLmCol_Est_1to9 IRRI STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras KeelAnth_MatEst_0to7 Julie Pasuquin FerTil_CM_pct IRRI Jeffrey Detras Sct_SmellUncook_0to2 SCT IRRI 2 Red 4 YELLOW_DWARF YellowDwarfSev_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin IRRI CanH_Av_cm 6 1 Less than 1% CMD IRRI CulmDiam_CultAv_1or2 Jeffrey Detras CUST CulmStr_EstSES_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CS TMat_Meas_d IRRI Jeffrey Detras MAT 080 Purple 5 7 31-60% 2 Intermediate 6 IRRI Jeffrey Detras BakInc BakInc_Est_1to9 Difficult less than 1% 1 4 052 61% and above 9 LfBlastDam_EstTyp_0to9 BLAST Jeffrey Detras IRRI All plants dead 9 000 0 8 Weak 3 IRRI CulmP_CM_r Julie Pasuquin Julie Pasuquin IRRI AerN_IA_Aer CDMaj_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI No disease observed 1 IRRI ChrNo_Count_Chr Jeffrey Detras CulmDiam_WildAv_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras CMD IRRI Clk_Vis_0to9 Jeffrey Detras Spreading (open) 5 Absent 1 LmPCol_MatEst_IRRI1to11 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LEAFFOLDER IRRI LfFolderDam_CompRating_Pct Jeffrey Detras 2 Smooth LIGULE_COLOR LigCol_WildEst_0to5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras AwCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras AWCO ANC 070 Red 4 IRRI AP Jeffrey Detras AP_Lab_1to9 UDInc_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras UDBATTA_DISEASE IRRI GrYld_wgh_gplot IRRI Jeffrey Detras GrYld_wgh_gplot 7 26-50% 9 Very long (>80 cm) 5 Split or segmented with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp RTungroSev_Est_0to9 RTD1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras PBInc_Est_0to9 PB strong 7 4 060 3 First and 2nd leaves with orange tips, slight stunting Fertile 75-90% 4 Red apex 5 5 All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both Medium 5 3 1-5% No damage 0 3 Brown (tawny) PBSev_Comp_Pct Jeffrey Detras PB IRRI BS_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras BS 5 Distinctly yellow and narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers. FLpDw_Av_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI 080 6 5 Medium ~25 cm No infection observed 0 Intermediate ?45? 3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras PTH THR_SCOR_1_3 PanThr_Est_1to3 IRRI HMRR_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin 11-25% infected panicles 5 2 Semi-upright Small roundish to slightly elongated, necrotic gray spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter, with a distinct brown margin. Lesions are mostly found on the lower leaves. 2 Leaf margins touching forming O-shape 7 4-5% 4 Julie Pasuquin IRRI Tr_LCPro_mmol 7 26-50% Few: 5-9 tillers/plant 7 10 Black 0 Absent 10% of the kernel with chalkiness 1 DhtInj_EstDry_0to9 Jeffrey Detras DRS_DRY_0_9 IRRI More than half the plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted 7 Jeffrey Detras DRT7_DRY_0_9 IRRI DhtRecov_Est_0to9 0 No damage observed Intermediate 2 1 010 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted 7 Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves discolored, only a few elongating 5 9 Leaves tightly rolled Cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction type (CMS) 1 9 Abortion at later stage: pollen grains look like fertile pollen (518A cytoplasm from O. nivara) 3 Leaves green but with sparse dots or streaks and less than 5% of height reduction Julie Pasuquin IRRI SMCwp_CM_pct 1 Very slight damage 20-29 degrees 7 More than 65% 9 1 1-5% HSpD_CM_SpPan Julie Pasuquin IRRI 081 2 9 Pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with numerous small tillers CulmDiam_Av_1to7 CMD IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras AwCol_MatEst_UPOV1to9 AWCO ANC CI_LCPro_ppm Julie Pasuquin IRRI UFRA IRRI Jeffrey Detras UfraDam_Est_0to9 straw 1 Julie Pasuquin IRRI PanD_Calc_Panm2 purple spots 4 No damage 0 thin 3 Julie Pasuquin IRRI USpPan_Av_SpPan Broad 7 AnLt_Av_mm AL IRRI Jeffrey Detras Descending 7 Semidwarf (lowland: less than 110 cm, upland: less than 90 cm) 1 LfST_CM_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin CS IRRI Jeffrey Detras CulmStr_EstRD_1to9 CUST Julie Pasuquin IRRI FSpPan_CM_SpPan IRRI StgmCol_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras STIGMA_COLOR LfWdt_Av_cm IRRI Jeffrey Detras LW 3 1-10% 5 30-39 degrees IRRI PanLng_MatAv_cm PNL PanL_MM_cm Jeffrey Detras ANL AwLng_WildAv_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 9 26-100% IRRI LfAng_Est_RD1to7 Jeffrey Detras LEAF_ANGLE 5 Medium: 10-19 tillers/plant 7 Descending ANCO IRRI AnCo_Est_1to2 Jeffrey Detras 7 thick Jeffrey Detras STEM_BORER_DAMAGE StemBorer_DeepWatEst_0to9 IRRI IRRI FlwDate_80Flw_Date FLW_DATE Jeffrey Detras 5 Long hairs (velvety) First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 062 2 0 Growth and tillering nearly normal LmPPub_Est_IRRI1to5 LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE IRRI Jeffrey Detras 7 21-50% 070 Red 6 9 All plants dead Partially sterile (70%-94.9%) 7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfBlastDam_EstScr_0to9 BLAST More than 30% height reduction, most leaves ragged/twisted, vein swellingcommon on leaf sheaths and leaf blades 9 5 Growth and tillering retarded, many leaves discolored Julie Pasuquin IRRI CulmSP_CM_r Julie Pasuquin IRRI StEXT_AM_mgg Jeffrey Detras GLH GLhDam_EstGH_0to9 IRRI White 1 2 Scented 9 Very late (all leaves still green at harvest) 3 Pubescent No lesions observed 0 8-15% 5 Jeffrey Detras ANC AWCO AwCol_ImmatEst_IRRI0to8 IRRI 7 strong Julie Pasuquin IRRI Exs_MM_cm IRRI Julie Pasuquin DEC_CM_pct 5 Open ~40 degrees 36-50% 7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LmPCol_MatEst_SES1to10 PS_LCPro_umol Julie Pasuquin IRRI FGW_MM_g100gr Julie Pasuquin IRRI HGW 100GW Jeffrey Detras CaryoWdt_Av_1to7 IRRI IRRI LigCol_Est_0to3 Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_COLOR 6 black 060 8 080 3 FGLW FLW_MM_cm IRRI FlgLfWdt_Av_cm Jeffrey Detras 1 No symptom observed 000 0 ColeoAnth_Est_1to5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 040 2 MaleSter_Comp_1to9 POLLEN_STERILITY IRRI Jeffrey Detras MSTERILE 0 No scraping 9 Yellow to orange and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with few small tillers 2 Subulate or setaceous 9 Less than 11% IRRI TiFlwS_CM_d Julie Pasuquin 080 4 PhenReac_Est_1to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin IRRI StPRO_AM_mgg 0 No injury BBDam_EstFld2_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras BB CulmLng_Av_1to7 CML IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras NBLS NBLSDam_Est_0to9 4 Short hairs CulmPP_CM_r Julie Pasuquin IRRI 7 Poor 070 7 No lesions observed 0 7 5-9.9% seed set 1 060 Stressed 2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CulmNodAnth_PresEst_1to9 PericCol_Exam_1to7IRRI IRRI Jeffrey Detras SCCO 5 Growth and tillering severely retarded, about half of all leaves brown or yellow GRWT GrnWt_1000Wgh_1to7 IRRI GRNWT Jeffrey Detras Thick > 2 None awnless 0 PanAxAtt_Est_SES1to4 IRRI PANICLE_AXIS Jeffrey Detras 040 Gold 2 Weak 3 8 FREST FertRest_Comp_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Genetically engineered (transgenic type) 5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LEAFFOLDER LfFolderDam_EstSingleLead_0to3 6 16-25% FL1L_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin IRRI AwPres_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras ANP 4-7% 3 PEX PanExs_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras EXS 4 CulmNodAnth_DistrEst_0to3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin IRRI AerA_IA_mm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI GFR_CM_gday FLfT_MM_degC Julie Pasuquin IRRI SpD_CM_spk Julie Pasuquin IRRI 7 Strong 3 weak 0 Absent (collarless) 0 StLIG_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI Jeffrey Detras RICE_BUG_DAMAGE RBugDam_Est_0to9 1 Very weak IRRI GrWh_MM_mm Julie Pasuquin GY_CM_kgha Julie Pasuquin IRRI No symptoms 0 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE LfBladPub_CultEst_SES1to3 IRRI THRIPS Jeffrey Detras ThripDam_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras APC ApCol_MatEst_SES1to7 3 6-12% Horizontal 7 1 Less than 1% UFSpPct_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI LDWplt_Av_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI FALSE_SMUT IRRI FSmut_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras Weak 3 No disease observed 0 Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves discolored 3 CASE_WORM_DAMAGE CaseWormDam_Est_0to8 IRRI Jeffrey Detras very strong 9 Julie Pasuquin IRRI Lf_Av_LfPlt Poorest elongation, or none, like non-elongating semidwarf e.g. IR42 9 9 All plants dead IRRI Jeffrey Detras BApAnth_MatEst_0to7 1 Very slight damage IRRI Jeffrey Detras PlntVg_VegEst_1to9 VG KNEEING_ABILITY KneeAb_EstAng_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 8 Typical blast lesions infection 51-75% of the leaf area and many leaves are dead Julie Pasuquin IRRI MRR_CM_pct Jeffrey Detras PRT BRiceProtCt_Meas_Pct IRRI Long 7 IRRI CaryoLng_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras 5 13-25% 3 Short (~30 cm) Jeffrey Detras LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_0to9 LEAFFOLDER IRRI 9 51-100% Rice ontology 51-75% 8 9 0-10% 0 000 3 080 Purple GLH IRRI Jeffrey Detras GLhDam_EstFld_0to9 11-30% 5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras ApAnth_MatEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras AwPres_WildEst_0to2 ANP IRRI 5 75-94% 0% 0 IRRI HI_CM_r Julie Pasuquin LfScald_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras LEAF_SCALD IRRI ShRotInc_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras SHEATH_ROT IRRI Jeffrey Detras FLA FlgLfAng_LateAv_1to7 IRRI IRRI Jeffrey Detras SUB SubTol_GHEst_1to9 STEM_BORER_DAMAGE StemBorer_YellowEst_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 7 056 IRRI PANICLE_AXIS Jeffrey Detras PanAxAtt_Est_UPOV1to2 IRRI TFlwT_CM_d Julie Pasuquin Less than 1% 2 LIGULE_COLOR LigCol_CultEst_0to5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin IRRI SpHill_CM_SpH P1 PDef_GHEst_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras CaryoLng_MeasSES_1to7 IRRI Lesion on a few primary branches or the middle part of panicle axis 3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LemaShp_Est_0to3 SLSH SEEDLING_HEIGHT SeedlHt_Av_1to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras PnT IRRI PanTyp_Est_UPOV1to9 Jeffrey Detras 4 0 No disease observed Jeffrey Detras LfBladGreen_Est_0to3 BLCO IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI CwallA_CM_mm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI PanHill_Av_PanHill 1 Compact 0 No injury Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_SHAPE LigShp_WilEst_0to7 IRRI Very weak 1 7 Strong YellowMottleSev_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras YELLOW_MOTTLE 5 light red Julie Pasuquin IRRI USpD_CM_spk 4 060 2 STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH StrLmLng_AvShort_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras ApCol_ImmatEst_IRRI1to9 IRRI APC Jeffrey Detras 1-10% 3 2 Hairs on lemma keel Julie Pasuquin IRRI PedL_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin CulmTP_CM_r IRRI IRRI StSTA_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin Jeffrey Detras RhyzForm_Est_1to6 RHIZOME_FORMATION IRRI 1-10% 3 LfBladPub_CultEst_UPOV1to7 LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE IRRI Jeffrey Detras 9 51-100% 7 20-39% Julie Pasuquin HFSpPan_CM_SpPan IRRI IRRI WBPH Jeffrey Detras WBPH_EstFld_0to9 LmPCol_MatEst_UPOV1to6 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI FLpSla_CM_cm2g 6-25% 5 1 Highly fertile >90% 3 Weak light red 5 Sterile (95%-98.9%) 5 1 Completely 100% sterile CulmAng_Est_UPOV1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CMA_CO_1_9 AwThk_Av_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras ANT IRRI Jeffrey Detras LW LfWdt_Av_1to7 Light Green 1 IronInj_Est_1to9 FE1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 9 black Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves brown or yellow 7 1 Very short <5 mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras ApAnth_ImmatEst_0to9 LEAF_ANGLE Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfAng_Est_SES1to9 3 Intermediate 41-60 mm AWDIST AwDist_Est_1to5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 1 above 70% 0 000 0 Absent LfBlastDam_EstAmt_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras BLAST FlgLfAng_WildAv_1to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras FLA StTWT_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI 080 5 80-100% 1 PltH_15DAF_cm_MM PlntHt_Av_cm IRRI PltH_FLW_cm_MM Jeffrey Detras PltH_MAT_cm_MM HT 3 030 4 080 9 All plants dead 2 Intermediate: 25-50% of grains removed IRRI Jeffrey Detras POLLEN_STERILITY MSTERILE MaleSter_UPOVEst_1to3 IRRI AlkInj_Est_1to9 ALK Jeffrey Detras GrWdt_Meas_1to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras GRW Weak 3 5 21-30% IRRI Jeffrey Detras StmElong_Esr_1to9 ELONGATION 51-100% 9 Fair 5 SdDate_Meas_Date DATE_SEED IRRI Jeffrey Detras RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9 RAGGED_STUNT IRRI Jeffrey Detras HFSpY_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI CollAnth_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras 5 Medium 5.51-6.6 mm 7 Leaves yellow or orange yellow, plants moderately stunted, floweringvery much delayed Very short (<21 cm) 1 4 3 Short ~15 cm Jeffrey Detras AwCol_MatEst_IRRI0to6 ANC AWCO IRRI 5 13-25% 9 Almost all plants dead or dying MaleSterGp_Est_1to6 MALE_STERILITY_GROUP IRRI Jeffrey Detras RtA_Win_cm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 7 080 Purple PA_TEXT IRRI PanAxText_Est_1or2 Jeffrey Detras GYplt_CM_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI Strong 7 9 Almost all plants dead or dying 5 Medium Spreading (>60-80 degrees, culms not resting on the ground) 7 5 Intermediate 7 Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves discolored or dead IRRI SHB Jeffrey Detras ShBltInc_Est_0to9 WBPH_EstGH_0to9 IRRI WBPH Jeffrey Detras 0 No disease observed Julie Pasuquin IRRI PDWplt_Av_g DRS_DRY_0_9 DhtInj_EstRoll_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Less than 5% 1 All plants dead 9 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 75% of the kernel with chalkiness 4 0 Absent 31-60% 7 070 5 black 6 9 51-100% TilHill_Av_TillH Julie Pasuquin IRRI 3 95-99% Light 1 PBDam_Est_0to9 PB Jeffrey Detras IRRI Very weak 1 Julie Pasuquin HFSpPct_CM_pct IRRI 6 Typical blast lesions infection 11-25% of the leaf area IRRI Jeffrey Detras PanExs_EstMStrl_1to9 EXS PEX 1000GW Julie Pasuquin TGW FGW_MM_g1000gr IRRI 080 5 LfLng_Av_1to9 IRRI LEAF_LENGTH Jeffrey Detras Lesion completely around panicle base or uppermost internode or panicle axis near base with more than 30% of filled grains 7 FSpProp_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI 1 1-10% Complete plant wilting, followed by severe yellowing and scorching 9 few drought symptoms 4 DMatS_CM_d Julie Pasuquin IRRI FL1W_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 020 1 4 Hard 36-40 mm 51-100% 9 FLW HeadT_80Comp_d HDG IRRI Jeffrey Detras StemD_CM_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 3 70-89% PDMin_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 040 3 Weak 3 3 Small roundish to slightly elongated necrotic sporulating spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter with a distinct brown margin or yellow halo Jeffrey Detras SaltInj_Est_1to9 IRRI SAL CulmDiam_WildAv_1or2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CMD PanTyp_Est_SES1to3 IRRI PnT Jeffrey Detras 1 020 Straw Very weak all plants flat 9 3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing FL1Dw_Av_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI 1 Less than 1% BLSCO_ANTH BLSAnth_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 3 Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 25% of tillers All plants dead 9 IRRI CDMin_Av_mm Julie Pasuquin Julie Pasuquin IRRI PithA_IA_mm2 No injury or fewer than 10% of plants have injured tillers 0 055 4 no drought symptoms 5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras GelC_Meas_1to5 GELC GallMidgeDam_EstGH_0to9 GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE IRRI Jeffrey Detras Maximum tiller angle less than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers 5 0-1 highly tolerant 1 Glabrous (no hairs) Jeffrey Detras RDelphDam_EstFld_0to9 RICE_DELPHACID IRRI IRRI RTungroSev_GHComp_Pct Jeffrey Detras RTD1 BLS IRRI Jeffrey Detras BLS_Est_0to9 Short to intermediate 91-105 cm 4 RGSV2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9 Up to 1/3 of leaf area scraped 1 6 Acuminate GY_CMD_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI LfFolderDam_EstFld_0to9 LEAFFOLDER IRRI Jeffrey Detras 1 Extra long more than 7.5 mm 7 26-50% Julie Pasuquin EInt_Av_Ino IRRI highly sensitive 8-9 Julie Pasuquin TilD_CM_Tillm2 IRRI RDelphDam_EstGH_0to9 RICE_DELPHACID IRRI Jeffrey Detras Very weak 1 2 040 Gold 51-100% 9 Julie Pasuquin IRRI TFlwE_CM_d 9 More than 50% infected panicles 6-25% 5 3 6-10% 0 Absent (collarless) 5 Horizontal IRRI Jeffrey Detras CTOL ColdSens_VegEst_0to9 Very weak 1 100% of performance of tolerant check 1 Vegetative crown and weak rhizomes 3 More than 80% spikelets fertile 1 GrLng_MM_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras KeelAnth_ImmatEst_0to7 IRRI 3 Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves whitish and rolled SDMin_Av_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 1/3 to 1/2 of leaves injured 5 Lightly scented 1 Semi-erect (intermediate) 3 2 partially male sterile 1 No symptom observed BLSCO_ANTH Jeffrey Detras BLSAnth_Est_1to7 IRRI 6 LigShp_Est_1to2 LIGULE_SHAPE IRRI Jeffrey Detras 084 3 Clk_Vis_0to5 CIAT CÈcile Grenier GrElong_Comp_ratio IRRI Jeffrey Detras 081 4 ApCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to6 IRRI Jeffrey Detras APC NOCO CulmNodUndCol_Est_0to2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Intermediate 5 4 Moderately well exserted 7 2 Growth and tillering nearly normal, basal leaves slightly discolored Highly sterile 1-49% 2 Lesion type is the same as in scale 2, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves 3 Non-scented 0 Intermediate most plants moderately bending 5 Julie Pasuquin CulmD_IA_mm IRRI BLSCol_Est_1to4 IRRI Jeffrey Detras BLSC_CO_1_4 Julie Pasuquin IRRI CulmA_IA_mm2 0 No symptom observed 1 Completely 100% sterile 1 Extra long Acute 5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras GelC_Meas_mm GELC Jeffrey Detras IRRI LSEN SEN_CO_1_9 LfSen_Est_1to9 SPIKELET_FERTILITY SpkFer_Est_1to9 SpFert IRRI Jeffrey Detras SPKF BPH Jeffrey Detras BPHDam_Fld_0to9 IRRI StSUC_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI 3 084 9 51-100% (apical and marginal lesions) Intermediate ~15 mm 5 pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile 6 reddish to light purple 4 1 1-10% BPH IRRI Jeffrey Detras BPHDam_GH1_0to9 1-5% 3 First and 2nd leaves yellowing 3 BPHDam_GH_0to9 IRRI BPH Jeffrey Detras 10-19.9% seed set 5 IRRI FlwDate_1stFlw_Date FLW_DATE Jeffrey Detras 0 No injury 0 000 5 11-20% 1 White 21-35% 5 0-19% 9 5 Intermediate (~50 cm) 6 UFSpY_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI DExs_CM_d IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfBladAnth_DistEst_1to4 1 0% covered IRRI LEAF_LENGTH Jeffrey Detras LfLng_Av_cm Short ~8 mm 3 0 No damage Almost all plants dead or dying 9 Acute to acuminate 1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfBladAnth_PresEst_0to9 IRRI Rs_LCPro_invm Julie Pasuquin 3 11-30% 7 Long IRRI SdGerm_Est_Pct Jeffrey Detras SG TUfGW Julie Pasuquin IRRI UfGW_Av_g1000gr Rolling of terminal 1/3-1/2 area of 1st and 2nd leaves 3 7 Pale green to yellow and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withnumerous small tillers long 3 StDM_Av_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI Very slight damage 1 Erect 1 9 100 Medium 5 1 Thin <5 mm TDM_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI FLSla_CM_cm2g Julie Pasuquin 4 3 Leaves slightly yellow, plants slightly stunted, flowering slightly delayed 9 black 0 No damage observed 2 Vegetative crown and stolon 000 0 000 0 Intermediate to long 121-140 cm 6 8 51-100% 3 4-5% 3 081 3 11-20% 2 Very short to short 51-70 cm BirdDam_Est_1to9 BIRD_DAMAGE IRRI Jeffrey Detras HOJA_BLANCA Jeffrey Detras HojaBlancaSev_ReproEst_0to9 IRRI 9 0-4.9% seed set Jeffrey Detras P1 PDef_FldEst_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras pbra PanBrArr_Est_1or2 IRRI IRRI TillNo_Comp_1to9 TI Julie Pasuquin Lesion type is the same as in 1, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves 3 AerD_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 60-79% 3 intermediate 5 Medium 5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras RAGGED_STUNT RaggedStuntSev_Index_Pct IRRI KneeAb_EstPres_0or1 Jeffrey Detras KNEEING_ABILITY late 7 SpkSter_Comp_1to9 IRRI SPIKELET_STERILITY Jeffrey Detras 0 Absent Bold 5 8 IRRI CulmNo_Av_Culm CMN Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras CollCol_Est_RD0to4 CC More than 75% leaf area affected 9 Julie Pasuquin IRRI RtV_Win_cm3 1 Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers LfMargPub_Est_1to2 LMPUB IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_SHAPE LigShp_CultEst_SES0to3 5 Intermediate 106 -120 cm IRRI FGLL FLL_MM_cm Julie Pasuquin FlgLfLng_Av_cm 51-100% 9 Jeffrey Detras AWCO AwCol_ImmatEst_SES0to6 ANC IRRI 7 11-30% height reduction, 3-4leaves ragged/twisted, more vein swelling on leaf collar and some on leafblades and leaf sheaths IRRI AurShp_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras STEM_ROT IRRI Jeffrey Detras StmRotInc_Est_0to9 pollen and spikelets both <60% fertile 9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras SPKF SpkFer_Est_1to5 SPIKELET_FERTILITY SpFert Present 9 RICE_WHORL_MAGGOT IRRI Jeffrey Detras RWhorlMaggDam_Est_0to9 CulmDiam_CultAv_mm CMD IRRI Jeffrey Detras 12-25% 7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_LENGTH LigLng_Av_mm LG IRRI Jeffrey Detras LodInc_Est_1to9 Julie Pasuquin IRRI PanT_Av_degC IRRI Jeffrey Detras LigShp_CultEst_RD0to3 LIGULE_SHAPE 0 Absent 5 31-50% 0 No disease observed FLA_CM_cm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI 3 Easy: >50% of grains removed Good 3 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal Jeffrey Detras LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_Pct LEAFFOLDER IRRI 000 0 LfT_LCPro_degC Julie Pasuquin IRRI Moderate (~15%) 5 7 26-50% 3 brown furrows RGSV2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI RGSV2Sev_Index_Pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI BRR_CM_pct Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Clk_Cerv_cerv HDG IRRI Jeffrey Detras FLW HeadT_50Est_1to7 1-3% 3 LmPCol_ImmatEst_1to13 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 3 95-99% Normal, most plants with 4-leaves 5 9 Very high (>50%) 11 White FLDw_Av_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI PanPlt_Av_PanPlt Julie Pasuquin 9 Extra long FL1Sla_CM_cm2g Julie Pasuquin IRRI 3 1-5% LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE IRRI Jeffrey Detras LmPPub_Est_UPOV1to9 FLA FlgLfAng_EarlAv_1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI very strong 9 3 1-5% RGSV1 RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 5 061 Light green IRRI Jeffrey Detras MAT TMat_Meas_1to9 20-29.9% seed set 3 Drooping 7 purple 5 7 long STIGMA_EXSERTION StgExers_Comp_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 086 1 Photoperiod-sensitive genic type (PGMS) 3 IRRI DrG_Est_sc1to5 Julie Pasuquin Long 3 9 61% and above 1 011 Whitish Leaves orange yellow or orange, plants severely stunted, sometimes dead, flowering very much delayed 9 3 Abortion at uni-nucleate stage of pollen (CMS-WA type) IRRI Jeffrey Detras ZDEF ZnDefInj_Est_1to9 ApCol_MatEst_IRRI1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras APC IRRI BBDam_EstFld_1to9 Jeffrey Detras BB LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfBladPub_WildEst_1to4 Julie Pasuquin IRRI SDMaj_Av_mm Nuclear type 6 GelTemp_Alkd_1to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras GelTemp 26-50% (apical and marginal lesions) 7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras SEEDLING_HEIGHT SeedlHt_Av_cm 3 Vigorous, fast growing, most plants with 4-5 leaves and 1-2 tillers PNO PanNo_Count_PanPlnt NUMBER_OF_PANICLES IRRI Jeffrey Detras Less than 5% 1 080 5 Jeffrey Detras PhenAcc_Est_1to9 PHENOTYPIC_ACCEPTABILITY IRRI 7 High IRRI Jeffrey Detras CulmNodAnth_IntensEst_1to9 GLWR_CM_r Julie Pasuquin IRRI Purple lines 2 No damage 0 4-6 moderately tolerant 3 Triangular (and very small) brown 3 1 Very slight damage AC IRRI AurCol_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras 11-20% 3 7 High (~35%) Very short <5 mm 1 7 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted Tolerant 1-3 6 Purple apex 7 Jeffrey Detras CaryoShp_Est_1to5 IRRI brown 3 3 070 0 0% of the kernel with chalkiness 2 1/3 to 1/2 of leaf area scraped IRRI Jeffrey Detras PanLng_MatAv_RD1to9 PNL More than half the plants wilting or with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted 7 4-5 moderately tolerant IRRI Jeffrey Detras APSH ApSh_Est_1to2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras GLO GlOp_Av_1to9 light gold 1 IRRI StSTR_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin Erect <15 degrees 1 7 Long ~35 cm ZnCt_Meas_ppm CIAT CÈcile Grenier 11-15% 5 4 081 IRRI Jeffrey Detras INCO CulmINodUnderCol_Est_0to2 1 Glabrous (smooth-including ciliated margins) 090 9 7 Loose 26-50% 5 11-15% AmyCt_NIRS_Pct CIAT CÈcile Grenier AMY 6 TFlwS_CM_d Julie Pasuquin IRRI GallMidgeDam_EstFld_0to9 GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE IRRI Jeffrey Detras Absent 0 010 1 3 More than 1/2 of leaf area scraped 1 011 IRRI HojaBlancaSev_VegEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras HOJA_BLANCA 9 Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves Jeffrey Detras LmPColOrn_Est_1to5 IRRI 6 7 Better than that of non-elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of elongating semidwarf tolerant 1-3 Julie Pasuquin IRRI HfGW_Av_g1000gr THfGW 3 weak No damage 0 More than 75% of leaf area affected 9 Julie Pasuquin IRRI SpSter_CM_pct 2 5 21-40% IRRI THR_SCOR_1_3 PanSh_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras PSH 0 No injury SCCO PericCol_Exam_1to7UPOV IRRI Jeffrey Detras 1 Absent 3 2-cleft 9 61% and above Julie Pasuquin AerTA_IA_mm2 IRRI Lesion partially around the base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part of panicle axis near the base 5 4 Vegetative crown, stolon and weak rhizomes 5 070 3 Obtuse or rounded Intermediate ~15 mm 5 No injury 0 Leaves green or pale green with mottling and 6% to 25% of height reduction, flowering slightly delayed 5 CulmD_CM_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin StDM_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI 7 Partially sterile (70%-94.9%) 1 Slender Julie Pasuquin RtL_Win_cm IRRI 8 AwLng_CultMax_0to9 ANL IRRI Jeffrey Detras TiFlwT_CM_d Julie Pasuquin IRRI 9 Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface) 7 Purple spots on straw Medium 5 2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI GLf_Av_LfPlt 000 0 IRRI Jeffrey Detras GrLng_Av_mm GRL PNL IRRI PanLng_ImmatAv_cm Jeffrey Detras CulmAng_Est_SES1to9 IRRI CMA_CO_1_9 Jeffrey Detras Highly fertile >90% 5 male sterile 3 3 Stunting slight, tillering decreased, some basal leaves brown or yellow Jeffrey Detras HdR_Comp_Perc IRRI HDR RAT_DAMAGE IRRI Jeffrey Detras RatDam_Est_1to9 26% and above 9 Weak 3 2 Scalloped or toothed Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead 7 GlOp_Av_deg IRRI Jeffrey Detras GLO PanLng_MatAv_UPOV1to3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras PNL 9 very strong OutXExt_Comp_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 9 Below 20 degrees 5 Intermediate (lowland: 110-130 cm, upland: 90-125 cm) 1 Very slight damage/leaf discoloration 26-40% covered 7 053 5 GrnWt_10Wgh_g IRRI GRNWT Jeffrey Detras GRWT 11-25% 7 3 042 7-9 sensitive Intermediate (one leaf still green at harvest) 5 IRRI GrnWt_100Wgh_g GRNWT Jeffrey Detras GRWT 5 Intermediate ~45 cm Rolling of terminal 1/2 area of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd leaves, yellowing of leaf tips 5 ANL AwLng_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras GelTemp GelTemp_PkTemp_Deg IRRI 3 5-10% infected panicles 13 090 CollCol_Est_SES0to3 CC IRRI Jeffrey Detras 2 STEM_BORER_DAMAGE IRRI Jeffrey Detras StemBorer_WhiteHeadEst_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CulmLng_Av_cm CML IRRI RtD_Win_mm Julie Pasuquin Small 1 PNO PanNo_Est_1to5 NUMBER_OF_PANICLES IRRI Jeffrey Detras Less than 1% (apical lesions) 1 Other 99 1 Non-glutinous (non-waxy, stains dark blue purple) 25% of the kernel with chalkiness 2 1 Best elongation response All plants dead 9 IRRI GRAIN_DISCOLORATION GrDiscol_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 0 No injury 26-50% 7 IRRI SMTwp_CM_mb Julie Pasuquin 6 White 1 7 11-20% 11 100 BB BBDam_EstGH_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras GYplt_Av_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI More than 50% 9 7 Short No visible lesion observed or lesions on only a few pedicels 0 4 080 ColdSens_FlwEst_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CTOL 9 Present Upper three quarters only 4 61-80% 3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Pan2ndBr_Est_0to3 SECONDARY_BRANCHING_OF_PANICLES Narrow <1 cm 3 ORAC_MM_trol Julie Pasuquin IRRI 5 084 more than 75% 9 9 61-100% 5 21-30% 3 41-70% 3 Narrow 5 strong 5 Medium 1 Very early (all leaves lost their green colour before grain maturity) absent or very weak 1 7 Strong 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal, reddish-brown spots or orange discoloration on tips of older leaves IRRI STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH Jeffrey Detras StrLmLng_AvLong_1to9 0 Non-scented 5 6-25% More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 9 0-49% 9 Present 5 More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting Absent 1 2 Droopy 5 medium Narrow or slightly elliptical lesions, 1-2 mm in breadth, more than 3 mm long with a brown margin 5 7 080 3 early BPHDam_GH3_0to9 IRRI BPH Jeffrey Detras 2 gold furrows 0 Absent 5 6-25% short 1 9 Easy 51-100% 3 weak 3 Upper half only Julie Pasuquin IRRI TilProd_Av_TillPlt 20-30% 3 2 Intermediate (stains reddish-blue purple) light red 5 062 2 1 Pollen free (TGMS line, e.g. Norin PL12) 3 0-10% height reduction, no ragged/twisted leaf, very few veins slightly swollen usually on leaf collar 7 3 weak 9 Very long >40 cm Thermosensitive-genic type (TGMS) 2 slight yellowing of a few plants 1 No disease observed 0 IRRI Julie Pasuquin SDWplt_Av_g 5 Open ?60? 012 2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI TDMplt_CM_gPlnt 7 080 StCWC_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI Green 2 081 4 PDMaj_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 7 20-39% Absent 1 strong 7 060 2 90-100% 1 9 Large 6 purple 8 TMatT_CM_d Julie Pasuquin IRRI All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both 5 5 Abortion at binucleate stage of pollen (CMS-HL type) 1 Less than 2 leaves/hill injured 3 Semi-erect (intermediate) Highly sterile <50% to trace 7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras THR_SCOR_1_3 PTH PanThr_Est_1to9 7 Typical blast lesions infection 26-50% of the leaf area Growth and tillering nearly normal 1 052 Brown (tawny) 3 Jeffrey Detras CaryoShp_Comp_1to9 IRRI purple 8 Very weak 1 5 Horizontal RGSV1 IRRI RGSV1Sev_Index_Pct Jeffrey Detras 1 Strong no bending 1 80-100% 3 61-80% 1 Absent Very weak 1 26-50% 7 red 6 dark purple/black 9 4 CulmINodAnth_Est_0to2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras StrLmLng_AvShort_mm STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH IRRI 2 1 Erect 2 pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 90% fertile or above 1 above 50 degrees IRRI Jeffrey Detras SUB SubTol_FldEst_1to9 No symptoms 0 Julie Pasuquin CDef_CM_r IRRI 3 1-10% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration 7 080 1 Erect Brown (tawny) 5 LIGMSH IRRI Jeffrey Detras LigMargShp_Est_1to99 5 medium Medium 5 Weak 3 Intermediate 1cm - 2cm 5 2 Scented 0 Absent Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead 5 Erect <30? 1 1 No symptom observed 4 Strongly drooping 11-20% 3 LG IRRI Jeffrey Detras LodInc_Meas_pct 41-60% 5 7 Typical blast lesions infecting 26-50% of the leaf area SCT IRRI Jeffrey Detras Sct_SmellCook_0to2 7 26-50% Almost all plants dead or dying 9 50-74% 7 21-30% 5 5 Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves whitish and rolled, only a few elongating 0 None 4 084 Purple lines Horizontal 5 052 3 12 083 6 Dispersed mergingwith collar, low gel temp (<70C) FL1A_CM_cm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI All plants dead 9 1 Very slight damage 084 3 2 020 1 Erect Jeffrey Detras dist_post PanBasBrDist_Av_mm IRRI acute 1 Above 40% covered 9 Lesion completely around panicle baseor uppermost internode or the panicle axis near the base with less than 30% of filled grains. 9 5 053 0 No disease observed 042 3 STEM_BORER_DAMAGE IRRI StemBorer_DeadheartEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 6 071 GrLng_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI GRL No disease observed 0 Julie Pasuquin IRRI SpPan_CM_SpPan 2 050 Medium 5 PlntVg_SdEst_1to9 VG IRRI Jeffrey Detras Light 3 UFSpPan_CompD_SpPan Julie Pasuquin IRRI 7 9 Rapidly coalescing small, whitish, grayish, or bluish lesions without distinct margins Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area 5 2 050 0 No lesions observed StrLmCol_Est_1to4 IRRI Jeffrey Detras STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR 1 011 8 51-75% 8 gold 2 6 7 Broad spindle-shaped lesion with yellow, brown, or purple margin 7 More than half of plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted FSD_CM_spk IRRI Julie Pasuquin 7 Rolling of entire length of all leaves, pronounced yellowing IRRI KERNEL_SMUT Jeffrey Detras KSmut_Est_0to9 1 Less than 5% Short 3 5 40-59% 7 26-50% Truncate 3 medium 2 1 Less than 1% Upper quarter only 2 9 0-19% 100 Black 8 1 010 straw 1 8 5 One-fourth to 1/2 of all leaves dried 1-3% 2 9 082 080 8 061 2 Purple 3 1 Tip only 4 060 5 41-60% Better than that of elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of the best local floating variety 3 Weak, plants somewhat stunted 7 9 76-100% 1 Less than 1% 9 26-100% 7 26-50% Upright 1 Kernel swollen with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp 4 Extra long 9 1 Very low (<1%) 11-40% 7 5 Leaves yellow, plants moderately stunted, flowering delayed 9 Tall (lowland: more than 130 cm, upland: more than 125 cm) 7 Abortion at trinucleate stage of pollen (CMS-boro type) 6 071 6 054 4 070 Red 7 2-cleft 052 4 1 Enclosed panicle is partly or entirely enclosed within the leaf sheath of the flag leaf blade Partly sterile 50-74% 3 Soft 81-100 mm 1 3 Short <30 cm entity 6 100 Black 5 Medium 4 Spindle-shaped Julie Pasuquin IRRI GY_CM_kgplot purple furrows 5 medium 5 8 All plants apparently dead 9 5 Medium Shallow leaf folding 1 7 Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead IRRI Jeffrey Detras GrYld_Comp_kgha GrYld_Comp_kgha Half spindle-shaped 3 3 Low (~3%) IRRI Jeffrey Detras GrWdt_Av_mm GRW yellowish 2 6-10% 4 1 Completely sterile 0% 9 0-19% Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 5 1 Partly awned Weak most plants nearly flat 7 Leaves healthy 0 IRRI StASH_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin 2 6 062 1 Less than 5% infected panicles BPH BPHDam_GH2_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 1-5% 1 BBDam_EstFld1_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras BB 3 1-5% 9 No kneeing CulmINodAnth_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras BApAnth_ImmatEst_0to7 IRRI 1 041 Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_PUBESCENCE LigPub_Est_1to3 IRRI 7 late 0 Absent 2 4 Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile) 9 9 Drooping 1-10% covered 3 Long 6.6 to 7.5 mm 3 1 Very weak 26-100% 9 DhtInj_EstSpkFert_0to9 Jeffrey Detras DRS_DRY_0_9 IRRI IRRI Jeffrey Detras CaryoLng_Av_mm 3 6-10% Pointed 1 5 100% of the kernel with chalkiness 3 Short 080 Purple 5 Julie Pasuquin IRRI CwallT_IA_mm 3 4 7 31-60% 3 Semi-erect (semi-compact) 2 gold HeatSens_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras HTOL Sterile (95%-98.9%) 5 1 100% of plants survive Erect (compact) 1 pbasbrno IRRI Jeffrey Detras PBPan_MM_BrPan PanBrNo_Av_BrPan 11-20% 3 9 51-100% 084 2 051 3 Jeffrey Detras CTOL IRRI ColdSens_SeedlEst_0to9 2 Straw 4 46-65% 7 1 Very short <50 cm Julie Pasuquin IRRI SGr_CM_pct 1 Kernel not affected but chalky, high gel temp (>74C) 3 Moderately difficult 1-5% 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 2 or more leaves/hill but less than 1/3 of leaves injured 3 No damage 0 011 1 Maximum tiller angle less than45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers 7 4 Typical susceptible blast lesions 3 mm or longer, infecting less than 4% of the leaf area Thermo-photoperiod genic type (TPGMS) 4 052 3 9 61-100% 3 Highly sterile (99%-99.9%) Moderately strong most plants bending 3 1 Lesions on several pedicels or secondary branches 7 light purple Yellow to orange and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withfew small tillers 7 2 020 Glabrous 1 3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 Tip drying extended up to 1/4 length in most leaves 3 early Julie Pasuquin IRRI GrT_MM_mm IRRI GrThk_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras GRAIN_THICKNESS 5 11-30% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration Unacceptable 9 3 Narrow 1 Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center 2 Hairy on upper surface 5 11-15% 1 011 5 pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile 3 Brown spots on straw Straight 1 very strong 9 Short ~8 mm 3 6-25% 5 acronym 1 pollen and spikelets both 90% fertile or above Purple 3 6-12% 3 2 062 3 brown Julie Pasuquin IRRI CDMaj_Av_mm Long spindle-shaped 5 variegated brown 3 3 Leaves partially yellow but with no hopperburn moderately stressed 3 9 Very few: fewer than 5 tillers/plant 041 1 Round 9 11-30% 5 5 Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area Very long >40 mm 9 5 11-25% Medium 5 More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting 5 1 No symptom observed 1 Truncate 6 054 5 0-10% height reduction, 1-2 leaves ragged/twisted, few veins swollen on leaf collar 0 Absent 1 None to few leaves slightly yellow, tillering, height and flowering not affected No disease observed 0 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 060 4 4 Normal 5 50% of the kernel with chalkiness 3 1 060 Green 0 No damage Long to very long 156-180 cm 8 26-50% 7 Absent 0 Julie Pasuquin FLsizeR_CM_r IRRI Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile) 9 5 061 Red 6 26-100% 9 More than 80% 1 7 Strong Gs_LCPro_mol Julie Pasuquin IRRI 2 gold 5 Strong rhizomes and no tubers 2 2 Kernel swollen, high gel temp (>74C) All plants dead 9 8 Purple furrows on straw Semi-erect intermediate ~20 degrees 3 2 Gold and gold furrows on straw background 020 2 75-94% 5 0 No disease observed ENDO EndoType_Est_1to3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 2-3 tolerant 3 1-5% 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal, healthy 5 medium 3 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with numerous small tillers. Long ~30 mm 7 Lightly scented 1 31-60% 7 062 9 5 medium very late 9 absent 1 3 052 Brown (tawny) Absent 1 Glabrous 1 8 Purple 40-59% 5 Sensitive 6-7 1 Fringe of hairs 5 Intermediate 6-25% 9 0-49% 1-25% 5 5 Horizontal Some damage/leaf discoloration 3 1 Scabrous 9 All plants dead Medium 5 5 Horizontal pollen 60-69% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile 7 7 063 5 Leaves fully cupped in U-shape GY_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI 5 Similar to that of elongating semidwarf e.g. IR11141-6-1-4 5 Whole length 089 3 3 Highly sterile (99%-99.9%) Broad >2 cm 7 000 0 3 First and 2nd leaves yellowing 2 Drooping 9 1 010 Weak 3 5 many Short 5.5mm or less 7 cleft 2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI PithD_CM_mm More than 1/2 of the injured with some broken leaves 9 10 091 Tall >60 cm 7 Semi-round 2 0 No disease observed Long (~70 cm) 7 IRRI Int2L_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin 3 40-69% 5 7 Strong Weak, plants somewhat stunted, most plants with 3-4 leaves and no tillers in thin population 7 3 pollen 90% fertile or above, spikelets 75-89% fertile Present 1 4 9 51-100% Long 141-155 cm 7 1 Straw 6 8 Present 9 Very slight injury 1 purple 5 0 No injury Very slight injury 1 5 13-25% 50-74% 7 No symptom observed 1 2 light brown Less than 1% 1 Broad 7 Less than 1% 1 1 Less than 1% Julie Pasuquin IRRI FSpPan_Av_SpPan Extra vigorous, very fast growing 1 3 Early (all leaves have lost their green colour at harvest) 2 020 Straw 4 3 Low 9 All plants dead Cleft 2 6-12% 3 Lesions only on bottom 20% of the plant 1 1 Rolling of terminal 1/3 area of 1st leaf 0 Absent 1 few 9 Purple 7 Leaves pale yellow or yellow and 26-75% of height reduction, floweringdelayed white 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal, older leaves reddish-brown, purple, or orange-yellow 3 4 red 3 Hairy on lower surface 5 Medium 1 Very slight damage/leaf discoloration 3 1-5% (apical lesions) 080 1 1 Whorled 1 010 Partly sterile 50-74% 5 2 Curved 31-50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration 7 6 16-25% Small brown specks of pinpoint size or large brown specks without sporulating center on the lower leaves 1 1 Less than 1% Absent 0 1 Less than 1% 1 Slight tip drying 41-60% 5 very early 1 084 2 CDMin_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 1-5% 3 Strong rhizomes with tubers 6 088 7 20-39% 7 8 Just exserted panicle base coincides with the collar of the flag 5 5 Medium 5 Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead 9 Less than 11% red 6 9 Present Truncate 2 9 51-100% 9 Very strong Erect 1 Less than 1% 1 Vegetative crown 1 60-79% 3 Present 9 6 100 Black 0 No injury 1 Extra vigorous, very fast growing, most plants with 5-6 leaves and 2 or more tillers No damage 0 No damage 0 More than 50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange discoloration 9 8 Very weak 1 Vigorous, fast growing 3 6 Partly exserted panicle base is slightly beneath the collar of the flag leaf blade 3 very early 1 8 2 Soft 61-80 mm 7 More than 2/3 of all leaves fully dried 081 4 81-100% 9 9 26-100% 0 Absent 51-75% 7 7 26-50% infected panicles 6 5 31-45% Heavy 2 3 Kernel swollen with collar incomplete or narrow, high-intermediate gel temp 8 082 1-5% 1 0 None awnless 6-25% (apical and some marginal lesions) 5 Open 3 Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying 7 0 Absent 3 Glutinous (waxy, stains reddish purple) 020 2 3 21-40% 4 Excellent 1 Partially hirsute: hairs covering less than 50% of the ligule 2 3 040 Gold 9 Very strong 1 Thin <5 mm light purple 7 11-40% 7 7 26-50% 1 Glabrous 2 Hairy or ciliated Strong 7 8 087 4 pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile 070 5 Many: 20-25 tillers/plant 3 Strong 7 1 Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center 020 Straw 1 11 082 1 above 30% seed set 2 7 16-25% Absent 1 1 Very abundant: more than 25 tillers/plant 7 Descending 7 Strong 8 061 Light green 2 2 3 short 0 No damage 2 9 Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves 3 First and 2nd leaves with orange tips: slight stunting Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying 7 Dark 7 9 Completely sterile 0% Acute to acuminate 2 9 Leaves turn yellow or orange, more than 75% height reduction, no flowering or some plants dead 9 76-100% 9 More than 25% Julie Pasuquin IRRI TilPlt_Av_TillPlt 7 Late (two or more leaves still green at harvest) Round 1 2 40-49 degrees 3 6-25% 5 Hard <36 mm 5 061 060 3 Very long >180 9 4-6 Moderately tolerant Brown furrows on straw 4 8 absent or very weak 1 9 Very long >40 mm Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface) 9 absent 1 2 3 Medium 1-25% 5 0 Absent Less than 1% 1 Entire 1 1 Linear(long and slender) 5 6-25% Semi-erect (intermediate) 3 Reddish to light purple 6 3 Hairs on upper portion 6 Purple Less than 3% 1 Slightly Drooping 3 Severely stressed 1 030 1 Some damage/leaf discoloration 3 9 100 No incidence 0 3 Short 71-90 cm Leaves partly folded in deep V-shape 3 3 Fertile 75-89% reddish brown 4 5 Medium Completely dispersed and cleared, low gel temp (<70C) 7 5 medium 31-60% 7 Spreading >60? 7 61-80% 7 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with few small tillers. 3 reddish brown 4 7 variegated purple 0 000 3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 Mostly or generally hirsute: hairs covering more than 50% of the ligule 3 Clustered 6-25% 5 1-10% 1 7 26-50% 0 No injury 080 1 No damage 0 4 052 Brown (tawny) 6 080 10 dark brown 4 2 Alternate 7-9 Sensitive 3 medium 11-25% covered 5 010 1 2 Thick > Hairy on both sides 4 Leaves with pronounced yellowing and some stunting or wilting and 10-25% of plants with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted 5 1 Difficult: few or no grains removed Less than 1% 1 1 1-5% 7 Long ~30 mm Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers. 5 3 brown 8 087 Very slight damage 1 2 085 8 0 Absent 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 1 1-10% Well exserted 9 9 present Absent or very weak 1 1-2% 1 1 1-10% attribute 1 Very short <11 cm 0 No injury 7 More than 1/2 of the leaves injured with no broken leaves Tiller Number per plant TillNo Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers arising from the base of each plant Tiller number per plant Spikelet fertility score Press spikelets between fingers to check which have filled grains inside. Test five representative panicles to estimate the percentage of spikelets that are filled score Awn presence Presence AwPres Presence of awns Awn Hoja blanca reproductive disease estimation Estimate the proportion of plants with panicles showing symptoms brown planthopper injury scale greenhouse Cultivated species: grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action Panicle threshability estimation RD Date of flowering flowering date FlwDate Flowering date Plant UfraDam Ufra The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by the stem nematode Ditylenchus angustus. Symptoms: leaf mottling or chlorotic discoloration in a splash pattern at base of young leaves in stem elongation or mid-tillering stage, brown stains may develop on leaves and sheaths which later intensify to a dark brown color, distortion (twisting and withering) of young leaves, distortion of panicles which either remain enclosed within a swollen sheath, or partially emerge but are twisted and with unfilled grains, or emerge completely but with unfilled grains and resembling a whitehead. Ufra Incidence % grams per square meter Field evaluation: estimate the proportion of plants that survive submergence after floodwater recedes. Record the duration of submergence Submergence survival assessment DExs Time to exsertion from heading Time elapsed from heading date and date of exsertion of last spikelet Panicle Time to panicle exsertion (from heading) Culm length Length CulmLng Length of the main culm (stem), defined as the distance from the soil surface to the base of the panicle Culm Manual measurement - Flag leaf temperature Take flag leaf and measure temperature near leaf surface with an infrared gun Spikelet sterility Proportion Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain unfilled grains Sterile spikelet SpkSter Flag leaf FlgLfWdt Flag leaf width Width of the uppermost leaf of the main culm Width Tiller Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per hill TilHill Tiller number per hill Number per plant GLhDam Green leafhopper damage Green leafhopper Damage The extent of damage caused by green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix cincticeps). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. auricle anthocyanin presence scale vegetative vigor scale Drought estimation leaf drying Estimate the extent to which leaves dry on exposure to drought Average culm diameter Compute the average diameter of the basal portion of the main culm on three representative plants culm angle UPOV scale Specific area Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Ratio of pooled flag leaf area to pooled flag leaf dry mass FLpSla Specific area of flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Sensed aroma cooked Cook freshly harvested grains and smell the aroma FL1A Flag leaf-1 Area Flag leaf-1 area Area of the leaf below the flag leaf Unfilled spikelet Number Unfilled spikelets per panicle USpPan Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per panicle Caryopsis Caryopsis length CaryoLng Length The length of the caryopsis, ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling (decorticating) the grain and before milling, commonly known as brown rice Anthocyanin content ColeoAnth Coleoptile Purple pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the coleoptile Coleoptile anthocyanin Examine the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Mature apiculus anthocyanin examination Culm angle estimation Estimate by eye the average angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical Stem total nonstructural carbohydrate content Stem StNSC Nonstructural carbohydrate content in the stem Non-structural carbohydrate content Describes the tendency of plants to lodge /(fall flat/) Incidence Lodging Lodging incidence LodInc Flag leaf-1 Dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf Dry weight FL1Dw Flag leaf-1 dry weight gel consistency scale GLWR Length to width ratio Grain Grain length to width ratio Ratio of grain length to grain width kilogram per hectare salt injury scale If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm internode underlying colour examination StPRO Protein content in the stem Stem protein content Stem Protein content In a greenhouse test where NT leaves have been scored using the single leaf injury score, calculate the injury rating R = (N1 + 2xN2 + 3xN3)x100% / (NTx3), where N1-N3 are the number of leaves with score 1-3 Leaffolder unadjusted injury rating RhyzForm Rhizome and stolon formation Describes the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers in the mature plant Formation Rhizome/stolon Apiculus of lemma Colour Apiculus color Color of the apiculus of the lemma ApCol Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test Bacterial blight damage estimation field brown planthopper injury scale field millimeter Calculation - Number of panicles per square meter Calculate from total number of panicles per hill and the area of the hills sampled Pattern Pan2ndBr Spikelet on secondary branch of panicle The abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle Secondary panicle branching rat damage incidence scale hoja blanca reproductive disease scale Count the total number of grain-bearing and non-bearing tillers on five plants and calculate the average Culm number measurement per plant Average culm diameter - cultivated species Cultivated species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of three representative plants lemma and palea pubescence scale UPOV stem borer deepwater damage scale drought scale leaf drying Milled caryopsis Temperature at which the starch in endosperm gelatinizes, one of the key indicators of cooking quality Gelatinization temperature Gelatinization temperature GelTemp rice delphacid injury scale field Keel anthocyanin mature scale apiculus color scale mature culm internode anthocyanin scale AYLD_CONT method Record the actual grain yield grain harvested on a plot. Awn color AwCol Colour Awn Colour of the awns, if present 1/ oven dry the harvested grains to constant dry weight. 2/ Derive the grain yield from the panicle density, the 1000-grain weight, the number of filled spikelets per panicle or spikelets per panicle and filled spikelet percentage Calculation - Grain yield from components of yield millimeter Panicles per hill seedling vigor scale Recovery DhtRecov The extent to which plants recover when soaked with water after exposure to drought. The extent of recovery depends strongly on the severity of drought. Drought Drought recovery Calculation - Flag leaf -1 area Calculate as length times the width of the leaf below the flag leaf, multiplied by a constant (0.725) View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the hollow region of the culm Image analysis - Pith area millimeter bacterial blight damage scale greenhouse Flag leaf Dry weight FLDw Dry weight of the uppermost leaf on the main culm Flag leaf dry weight Iron toxicity injury Iron toxicity The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high (toxic) iron content in the growing medium IronInj Injury % The weight of a spikelet that is filled with a grain FGW Filled spikelet Filled grain weight Weight Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected Bakanae disease incidence estimation Calculation - Tiller number per unit area Calculate from total number of tillers per hill and the area of the hills sampled mg g-1 dry matter Distance Panicle distance to basal branch PanBasBrDist Panicle/basal branch Distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch mg g-1 dry matter cm Damage The type and severity of narrow brown leaf spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Sphaerulina oryzina (Cercospora janseana) Narrow brown leaf spot Narrow brown leaf spot damage NBLSDam Keel anthocyanin mature examination Examine the colour of the keel of mature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin ragged stunt disease scale Anther length measurement Measure five anthers exposed at anthesis and calculate their average Diameter Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath StemD Stem diameter - 2nd internode 2nd elongated stem internode Case worm damage assessment Estimate the % of leaf area that have been scraped by case worms Take ratio of grain yield to total dry matter per area Calculation - Harvest index Calculation - Spikelets half-filled weight on area basis Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis Diameter Culm diameter - 1st internode Diameter of basal portion (ie 1st elongated internode) of the main culm 1st elongated culm internode CulmDiam Panicle Panicle number per plant PanNo Number of panicles per plant Number per plant Calculation - Grain yield per plant Derive grain weight per plant from number of productive panicles per plant, 1000-grain weight, and number filled spikelets per panicle. g ligule margin shape scale Calculation - Partial culm porosity Calculate ratio of total aerenchyma area to culm area green leafhopper injury scale greenhouse At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart caused by Scirpophaga incertulas. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart Yellow stem borer deadheart damage assessment Estimate the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles Auricle anthocyanin presence Fertility SpkFer Spikelet Spikelet fertility The proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains mature apiculus anthocyanin scale StLIG Stem Stem total lignin content Lignin content Total lignin content in the stem Calculation - Nonstructural carbohydrate content Take sum of sucrose content and starch content from PLS-FTIR analysis Culm porosity Culm CulmP Porosity Ratio of pith area to culm area immature apiculus color UPOV scale Calculation - Tiller fertility Take the number of reproductive tillers and divide by the total number of tillers stem borer deadheart damage scale Straw Straw yield Yield Straw dry matter weight (ie aboveground dry matter without the grains) per area StDM grams per square meter gram per plant The extent of plant damage caused by caseworm (Nymphula depunctalis). Symptoms: only the papery upper epidermis of the leaf remains after larvae have fed on the internal leaf tissue CaseWormDam Case worm damage Caseworm Damage Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the area just below the apiculus of the lemma BApAnth Anthocyanin content Anthocyanin below apiculus Lemma below apiculus Hoja blanca Hoja blanca disease HojaBlancaSev The type and severity of hoja blanca disease symptoms caused by rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV) causing hoja blanca. Symptoms: cream colored to yellow spots, elongating and coalescing fo form longitudinal yellowish green to pale green striations. Streaks may coalesce to cover the whole leaf. Brown and sterile glumes with typical parrot beak shape of deformation Severity Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters measured by image analysis Calculation - Culm diameter from image analysis sensed aroma cooked scale FLSla Flag leaf specific area Flag leaf Ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight Specific area Calculation - Grain length to width ratio Take ratio of grain length to grain width Count the average number of panicles per plant. Number of panicles per plant count cm Alkali injury assessment Observe growth in alkaline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores. drought grade 1-5 Spikelet Number per hill Spikelets per hill Total number of spikelets per hill SpHill Leaf senescence LfSen Describes how soon leaves senesce Leaf Senescence Wild species: while the spikelets are maturing, observe the presence of awns Awn presence on wild species Measure and score the length of the caryopsis Caryopsis length SES Leaves per plant millimeter FSmut Incidence False smut The type and severity of false smut symptoms caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. Symptoms: Infected grains are transformed into yellow-greenish or greenish-black velvety-looking spore balls. False smut Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath Stem minor diameter - 2nd internode Minor diameter 2nd elongated stem internode SDMin awn presence scale wild LfT Leaf temperature Leaf Leaf surface temperature Temperature stem rot incidence scale For deepwater rice, make dissections of 20 or more tillers per plot or row after heading, count the numbers of infested tillers and estimate the proportion of infested tillers Stem borer deepwater damage assessment panicle blast damage scale Measure width at the widest portion of the penultimate leaf on the main culm of five representative plants. Calculate average Average leaf width rice delphacid injury scale greenhouse PanBrArr Panicle branch arrangement Arrangement Panicle branch The arrangement of primary branches on the panicle axis, grouped into whorls or individually on alternate sides No of chromosomes anthocyanin below apiculus scale mature Estimate the % leaf area diseased Brown spot damage estimation phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse scale LfBladAnth Anthocyanin content Leaf blade Leaf blade anthocyanin Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade Root volume Total volume of root system Root Volume RtV centimeter Int2L Length Length of the second internode from the base 2nd elongated culm internode Second internode length Caryopsis length UPOV scale Leaf Oxygen radical absorbance capacity Antioxydant activity ORAC Antioxidant activity of leaf extracts millimeter Estimate the presence/absence of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm. Culm node anthocyanin presence Calculate the average length of the awns on 10 randomly selected spikelets Average awn length An indirect indicator of approximate gelatinization temperature. Incubate six milled rice grains (kernels) for 23h in 10ml of 1.7% KOH. Score individual kernels, without averaging Alkali digestion estimation mm millimeter Green leafhopper injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Use an augmented experimental design, with a susceptible and resistant check (if available) after every 10 test entries. Replicate test entries three times if seed is available. Observe the proportion of plants with injured and folded leaves. The susceptible check should average at least 40% to accept the test as a measure of resistance Leaf folder injury assessment field submergence relative survival scale FertRest Fertility restoration This is a compound trait used for F1 hybrids combining the proportion of fertile spikelets at maturity with the proportion of fertile pollen at anthesis Fertility restoration Plant Vapourise the main component of aroma in rice (2AP: 2-acetyl-1pyrroline)) by adding 10 ml of a 1.7% solution of KOH to 2 g of freshly harvested decorticated grains. Smell the aroma after ten minutes Sensed aroma uncooked Green leaves per plant The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by Magnaporthe salvinii (Nakatea sigmoidea, Sclerotium oryzae) and Helminthosporium sigmoideum var. irregulare. Symptoms: dark lesions develop on the stems near the water line. Small, dark bodies (sclerotia) develop, weaken the stem and cause lodging. StmRotInc Stem rot Stem rot Incidence Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice Ligule shape determination - cultivated Phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse In a greenhouse test, grow each line in culture solution under two conditions: 0.5ppm P (low P) and 10ppm P (standard P). Estimate the propoprtion of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P Code bacterial leaf streak damage scale day drought scale leaf rolling Scoring X panicles using the panicle blast damage score, compute panicle blast severity PBS= (10xN1 + 20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/X, where N1-N9 are the number of panicles with score 1-9 Panicle blast severity Chromosome ChrNo The number of chromosomes in the nucleus Chromosome number Number rhizome formation scale 1 Calculation - Stomatal resistance Take inverse of stomatal conductance AwThk Thickness of awns Awn Thickness Awn thickness Rice delphacid Damage The extent of damage caused by rice delphacid (Sogatodes oryzicola (Tagosodes orizicolus)). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. RDelphDam Rice delphacid day Stigma exsertion calculation Count the number of florets that have completed anthesis on a given day and the number of those florets that have exserted stigma on one or both sides of the floret. Calculate the proportion of florets with exserted stigma Calculate as the sum of filled, half-filled and unfilled spikelets per area Calculation - Spikelets per square meter Number Culm CulmNo Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers after full heading Culm number Average - Major stem diameter Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the wider portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter. zinc deficiency injury scale Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damages on seedlings Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment greenhouse basal leaf sheath anthocyanin scale culm node underlying colour scale gram per plant Zinc content in grain Zinc content Milled polished grain Zinc content in polished grain Gel consistency lab measurement Place 0.1g ground rice in a test tube with thymol blue (0.025% in ethanol, 0.2 ml) and KOH (0.2N, 2 ml). Shake the tube to mix contents, boil (8 min), rest (5 min) and then place in an ice-bath (15 min). Lay cooled tubes flat on graph paper for 1 hour, and then measure the distance that the gel travels . Included standards, as the age of the rice, degree of milling and operator skill affect reproducibility: IR48 (85?90 mm), IR32 (72-75 mm) and IR42 (30-32 mm). Unfilled spikelets proportion UFSpPct Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are unfilled Proportion Unfilled spikelet Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea before the grain ripens. Immature lemma and palea colour Visually estimate the penultimate leaf blade for the intensity of greenness. Leaf blade greenness Spikelets per panicle Calculation - Spikelets per hill Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of hills per m2 Consistency Describes the consistency of a rice gel formed by grinding, chemically treating, boiling, and cooling a sample of grains. This measures the tendency of cooked rice to harden on cooling, a function of carbohydrate composition Gel GelC Gel consistency stem elongation scale Severity Ragged stunt disease RaggedStuntSev The type and severity of ragged stunt symptoms caused by rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV). Symptoms: plants are stunted but remain dark green. Leaves are ragged and twisted. Vein swelling on leaf collar, leaf blades and leaf sheaths Ragged stunt Incidence Udbatta disease Udbatta disease The type and severity of udbatta disease symptoms caused by Balansia oryzae-sativae (Ephelis oryzae). Symptoms: a white mycelial mat ties the panicle branches together so that they emerge as single, small, cylindrical rods. UDInc Grain Discoloration by fungal diseases GrDiscol Grain discoloration The extent of discoloration of glumes caused by species of Sarocladium, Bipolaris, Alternaria, Gerlachia, Fusarium, Phoma, Curcularia, Trichoconiella, and Pseudomonas. Symptoms: Darkening of glumes of spikelets, brown color to black including rotten glumes. Intensity ranges from sporadic discoloration to discoloration of the whole glume GYplt Grain yield per plant Amount of grain (weight) produced per one plant Weight per plant Spikelet Brown planthopper biotype 1 injury assessment Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 1 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings centimeter Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm internode anthocyanin examination Calculation - Unfilled spikelet per panicle Calculate from the unfilled spikelet density and the panicles density Calculation - Half-filled spikelet per panicle Calculate from the number of half-filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 ligule color scale wild immature apiculus anthocyanin scale No scale name found Narrow brown leaf spot estimation Estimate the % leaf area diseased percent Rice bug damage assessment Observe the proportion of injured grains per panicle caused by rice bug Number Panicle density Number of panicles per unit area PanD Panicle PlntVg Vigor An overall description of the vigour of plant growth, combining several components such as number of tillers, plant height, number of leaves, canopy density Vigor Plant FLA Area of the uppermost leaf on the main culm Flag leaf Area Flag leaf area Bacterial blight The type and severity of bacterial blight symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Symptoms: lesions usually start near the leaf tip or leaf margins or both, and extend down the outer edge(s). Young lesions are pale green to grayish green, later turning yellow to gray (dead) with time. In very susceptible varieties, lesions may extend to the entire leaf length into the leaf sheath Damage BBDam Bacterial blight damage leaf blast damage type scale Measure width at the widest portion of the leaf below the flag leaf on the main culm. Repeat measurement on representative leaf and take the average width. Average - Flag leaf width ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area and pith area to the culm area Calculation - Total culm porosity seedling cold injury scale Elongated internode number Culm internode EInt Number Number of elongated internodes on the culm case worm damage scale Greenhouse screening: divide the % of plants that survive submergence by the survival of the tolerant control variety e.g. FR13A, and express as a percentage Submergence relative survival assessment cm Examine the colour of the awns after anthesis against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Awn color examination immature culm internode underlying colour scale Examine the colour of the keel of immature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Keel anthocyanin immature examination sheath blight relative height scale Panicle Describes the ease with which grains are removed from the panicle during threshing Panicle threshability PanThr Threshability Lemma Lemma phenol reaction Describes the change in colour of lemmas in response phenol Phenol reaction PhenReac Measure distance from soil surface to top level of the canopy of representative plants and take the average Average - Canopy height % square millimeter Average - Panicle dry weight per plant Oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and weigh the panicles of representative plants and take the average Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground at intervals from harvest to maturity Culm strength estimation - SES Bacterial blight damage estimation greenhouse Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a greenhouse test thrips damage scale Head rice Head rice Proportion Describes how much of a sample of milled rice comprises whole rather than broken kernels. Head rice is defined as kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels HdR Position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base Leaf Leaf angle LfAng Angle Average - Minor culm diameter Remove leaf sheath and measure narrower width of the second elongated internode from the base and take the average sterile lemma length scale Indicate % of plants that lodged Lodging incidence % % Rice whorl maggot damage Rice whorl maggot Damage The extent of plant damage caused by rice whorl maggot (Hydrellia philippina). Symptoms: maggots eat the leaf margins causing conspicuous injury and sometimes stunting of plants RWhorlMaggDam panicle length UPOV scale Branches per panicle leaf blade pubescence scale UPOV percent grams per square meter Take the average stem aerenchyma area and multiply by the stem aerenchyma number Calculation - Total aerenchyma area Cold Ability of a plant to grow and develop normally under cold conditions. Key periods of sensitivity are during seedling growth, tillering, and flowering Cold tolerance ColdSens Sensitivity Flag leaf angle estimation wild Wild species: 7 days after anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Kneeing ability presence Estimate presence/absence of knees after flowering in conditions where culms have fallen flat due to receding water flow. millimeter Zinc content - XRF fluorescence analyser Use standard laboratory procedure (XRF- Fluorescence Analyzer) to determine the zinc content in a sample of polished grain. The recommended sample size is 10g. Average panicle length - immature Measure the length of main axis of the immature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average Culm strength scale RD Spikelets per panicle Elongation The ability of the stem to elongate as flood water rises and thus to keep the topmost leaves above water level Stem StmElong Stem elongation Panicle type, defined by the orientation of primary branches Panicle Panicle type PanTyp Type glume opening scale awn length scale cult Describes the tendency of grains to fall off the panicle before it is threshed Shattering PanSh Panicle shattering Panicle Thickness of the leaf sheath surrounding the stem Leaf sheath thickness LfST Leaf sheath Thickness flowering heat injury scale Bacterial leaf streak BLS The type and severity of bacterial leaf streak symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. Symptoms: linear lesions with small bacterial exudates Bacterial leaf streak damage Damage cm2 g-1 Rice tungro disease estimation - greenhouse Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RTungroSev_Est_0to9 after 4 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Spikelet DiFlwS Time elapsed from date of sowing to initial flowering stage Time to initial flowering (from sowing) Time to initial flowering from sowing Damage Brown spot Brown spot damage BS The type and severity of brown spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Bipolaris oryzae, Drechslera oryzae). Symptoms: typical leaf spots are small, oval or circular and dark brown. Larger lesions usually have the same color on the edges but have a pale, usually grayish center. Most spots have a light yellow halo around the outer edge. Caryopsis length:width ratio SES Compute the length/width ratio Relative height Sheath blight Sheath blight ShBltInc The type and severity of sheath blight symptoms caused by Thanethoporus cucumeris (Rhizoctonia solani). Symptoms: ellipsoidal, necrotic grayish-green lesions, which may enlarge and coalesce with other lesions, initially on lower leaf sheaths alkali injury scale Time of 50% heading estimation Estimate the earliness of the heading in plots, defining time of heading as the date when 50% of plants have panicles halfway emerged Count the number of panicles on representative plants and compute the average Average - Panicles per plant Average ligule length Measure the distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule on the penultimate leaf of five plants, and calculate the average mmol H2O m-2 s-1 Calculation - Days to 50% flowering from sowing Calculate the number of days between sowing and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Zinc deficiency injury assessment Observe growth in a growing medium with a deficiency of zinc Leaffolder adjusted injury rating In a greenhouse test, adjust the unadjusted injury ratings R for test entries by dividing by R for the susceptible check and multiplying by 100% Calculate from the number of filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 Calculation - Filled spikelet per panicle Calculation - Days to flowering from transplanting Calculate the number of days between transplanting and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Incidence The type and severity of sheath rot symptoms caused by Soracladium oryzae. Symptoms: oblong or irregular brown to grey lesions on the leaf sheath near panicle, sometimes coalescing to prevent emergence of panicle. Sheath rot ShRotInc Sheath rot bacterial blight damage scale field The extent of leaf damage caused by leaffolder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis or Marasmia patnalis). Symptoms: Larvae consume the leaf tissue except the epidermis, causing typical white streaks. They create a leaf tube during later stages of feeding LfFolderDam Leaffolder damage Leaffolder Damage Image analysis - Root length using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root length based on WinRHIZO image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method to calculate total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size. Auricle color examination Examine the colour of the auricles against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. lemma and palea pubescence scale IRRI Count number of fully expanded leaves that appeared on representatiove plants from germination to flowering. Take the average number Average - Total leaf number Panicle Length PanLng Length of panicle defined as the distance from the base to the tip of the panicle when the main axis of the panicle is held straight Panicle length Image analysis - Minor pith diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the narrower portion of the culm pith Count the number of primary panicle branches attached to the basal whorl of representative panicles, and calculate the average Average panicle basal branch number Ragged stunt disease estimation Estimate the type and severity of symptoms Code hoja blanca vegetative disease scale Culm wall thickness Culm wall CwallT Width Distance between the perimeter of the hollow pith and the epidermis Average - Minor stem diameter Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the narrower portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter. millimeter leaf blade greenness scale Sheath rot incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that are diseased Panicle axis observation Observe the attitude of the main axis of the panicle The type and severity of tungro symptoms caused by the Rice tungro virus bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). Symptoms: yellow to yellow orange leaves, stunting and slightly reduced tillering Rice tungro disease Rice tungro Severity RTungroSev auricle color scale Count the number of panicles per hill for several hills. Take the average. Average - Panicles per hill number of panicles per plant scale Flag leaf angle Angle The angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis Flag leaf FlgLfAng Describes the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemma and palea Lemma and palea pubescence LmPPub Lemma and palea Pubescence Average - Length of second internode Measure the distance between the second and third nodes, counting from the base of the main culm. Repeat measurement on other representative plant. Take the average Salt The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in soils or other growth medium with high salt content SaltInj Salt injury Injury day Assess the vigor of seedlings Seedling vigor Filled spikelets per panicle Number of spikelets with a filled grain per panicle Number per panicle FSpPan Filled spikelet drought recovery scale StCWC Stem Wall carbohydrate content Cell wall carbohydrate content in the stem Stem cell wall carbohydrate content Calculation - Spikelets per panicle Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 (= SPM2/PANM2) Wild species: using a calliper or photo-enlarger, measure the average of 10 representative grains Average grain thickness cm2 cm-2 100 grain weight measurement Cultivated species: take a random sample of 100 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance Estimate the type and severity of symptoms Yellow mottle disease assessment Brown planthopper biotype 2 injury assessment Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 2 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Panicle blast severity PBSev Panicle blast Severity The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Observe the presence or absence of awns on maturing spikelets Awn presence Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root volume based on image analysis Image analysis - Root volume using WinRhizo in SITIS platform awn presence scale UPOV Observe the damages on plants caused by whitebacked planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment field Total number of fully expanded leaves produced per plant from germination to flowering Leaf Leaf total number Number per plant Lf The proportion and distribution of awned spikelets on a panicle AwDist Awn distribution Awn Distribution Rhizome formation observation Wild species: observe the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers around the base of a potted plant when it is ready for harvest leaf blade pubescence scale wild panicle blast incidence scale Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure transpiration rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Gas exchange transpiration rate in SITIS platform Stomata Water vapor resistance Stomatal resistance Inverse of stomatal conductance Rs Intensity of greenness on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade, if visible under any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin Greeness Leaf blade greenness Leaf blade LfBladGreen Materials content StTWT Total stem materials content Stem Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content of stem Panicle type assessment Estimate the orientation of primary branches on representative panicles by comparing them with a diagram of the categories or with photographs of the reference variety for each category culm node anthocyanin presence scale chalkiness 0-5 scale Whitebacked planthopper The extent of damage caused by whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. Whitebacked planthopper damage Damage WBPH Calculation - Brown rice rate Calculate as the ratio of brown rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls removed) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 immature apiculus color IRRI scale yellow mottle disease scale Calculation - Specific leaf area of pooled flag leaf Take the ratio of the pooled flag leaf area and the pooled flag leaf oven dry weight Straw Weight per plant StDM Straw dry matter per plant Dry weight of stems and leaves per plant Calculation - Days to flowering from emergence Calculate the number of days between emergence and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Chlorophyll content Flag leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in the uppermost leaf of the main culm FLCC Flag leaf Time to maturity (from transplanting) Time to maturity from transplanting Time elapsed from date of transplanting to physiological maturity stage Spikelet DMatT day Count the number of unfilled spikelets per panicle of representative panicles and then take the average Averaged Manual measurement - Unfilled spikelet number per panicle Calculation - Relative flag leaf size Take the ratio of flag leaf area to area of the leaf below the flag leaf brown planthopper biotype 2 injury scale mm basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence scale Maturity days after seeding Monitor daily , note the date when 80-85% of grains on panicles are mature, and count the number of days lapsed since the date of effective seeding Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per panicle Half-filled spikelet Number per panicle HFSpPan Half-filled spikelets per panicle longer sterile lemma length scale mg g-1 dry matter No scale name found ligule shape scale UPOV Analytical measurement - Lignin content Predict lignin content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Collect 5-10 blooming florets of a male sterile line from different plants and measure the average angle of the opening between glumes (viz., lemma and palea) Glume opening angle Stem SDWplt Mass Total dry weight of stem and sheath per plant Stem dry weight Grain width UPOV estimation Measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point Culm wall Area CwallA Area of the culm wall Culm wall area Time to maturity from sowing Time to maturity (from sowing) DMatS Time elapsed from date of sowing to physiological maturity stage Spikelet Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma number View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to count the number of air spaces in the culm Mature lemma and palea ornamentation Visually determinate the colour ornamentation of (i.e. colours present only on parts of) the lemma and palea at maturity kg per kg Proportion of head milled grains with chalkiness Chalky dehulled intact grain PGWC Proportion of grains with chalkiness Proportion Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea. In the case of awned varieties, measure to a point comparable to the tip of the apiculus, i.e. excluding the awn. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains Average grain length Time to initial flowering (from transplanting) DiFlwT Spikelet Time elapsed from date of transplanting to initial flowering stage Time to intitial flowering from transplanting Anthocyanin content Auricle anthocyanin Auricle AurShp Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles Tillers per plant Unfilled grain weight Weight Unfilled spikelets Dry weight of an unfilled spikelet, including the hull TUfGW Rice delphacid injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on seedlings Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the anthers when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Use 3-digit scale codes for common scoring system across all colour traits Anther colour examination Fertility restoration evaluation Step 1 (pollen fertility: see pollen sterility score): Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the percentage that are fertile, and score. Step 2 (spikelet fertility): count the number of filled grains andtotal spikelets per panicle and convert into percentage fertile. Score the combination of pollen fertility with spikelet fertility % of plants that lodged NRGQASC - Grain width Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) pericarp colour UPOV scale Seed SdGerm Seed germination Germination The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis. Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the keel of the lemma Anthocyanin content Keel Keel anthocyanin KeelAnth Awn Awn length Length of awns Length AwLng Observe the shape of the caryopsis in lateral view Caryopsis shape UPOV Observe the colour of the leaf collar against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references Collar color An overall assessment of phenotypic acceptability of the grains for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets Phenotypic Acceptability Grain PhenAcc Phenotypic Acceptability Colour Color of stigma Stigma Stigma color StgmCol Assess the type of lesion and the proportion of leaf area affected by leaf blast. Entries with scores 4-9 may also have lesions of scale 1 or 2. In cases where the lesion develops only on the collar, joint of the leaf sheath and the leaf blade, causing the leaf blade to drop off, a scale unit of 4 is to be given. Leaf blast damage estimation Spikelet Number per area Spikelets density SpD Total number of spikelets per unit area grain discoloration incidence scale Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root diameter based on image Winrhyzo analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length. Image analysis - Root diameter using WinRhizo in SITIS platform mm AerN Number of air spaces in the culm Number Stem aerenchyma Aerenchyma number degree Celsius mature lemma and palea color scale IRRI Length of the uppermost leaf of the main culm Flag leaf length FlgLfLng Length Flag leaf awn length scale wild whitebacked planthopper injury scale greenhouse % The extent of damage caused by brown planthopper (Nilparvata lugens). Symptoms: Partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy BPHDam Brown planthopper damage Damage Brown planthopper Take the ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight Calculation - Flag leaf specific leaf area Predict protein content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Protein content Panicle axis texture scale 1000 grain weight scale leaf blade pubescence scale IRRI cult Underlying colour Culm node underlying colour Culm node CulmNodUndCol Colour of nodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings Scent Scent Describes the aroma of rice grains Sct Caryopsis Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom transplanting Calculate the number of days between transplanting and initial flowering dates rice tungro disease scale degrees DhtInj Drought injury Injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by drought. Leaf rolling precedes leaf drying during drought. Response to drought is highly responsive to crop phenology, plant growth prior to stress, and the timing, duration, and intensity of drought stress. For many soils, it takes at least 2 rainless weeks during the vegetative stage to cause marked differences in response and at least 7 rainless days during the reproductive stage to cause severe drought injury. Repeated ratings are recommended through progress of the drought. Record the stage of plant growth when the stress occurred and the number of stress days. Drought Amylose content Amylose content of milled rice as a proportion or percentage of the total amount of rice amylose content AmyCt Milled caryopsis Lemma phenol reaction Place hulls from 10 grains into a petri dish of 5 cm diameter, add 5 ml of 1.5% phenol solution, cover the petri dish, and keep at room temperature for 1 day. Observe the intensity of the reaction of the phnol on the lemmas Culm CulmA Area Culm area Cross-sectional area of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath panicle threshability scale SES Plant height Plant height defined as distance from the soil surface to the highest point of the plant (panicle or flag leaf) excluding awns PlntHt Plant Height grams per day cm Purplish markings, if any, on nodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin CulmNodAnth Anthocyanin content Culm node Culm node anthocyanin Days Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence Observe the presence and intensity of any purplish colour that can be attributed to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Use standard laboratory procedure to measure the protein content of brown rice grains at 14% moisture content Brown rice protein content Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root surface area based on image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length. Surface area is calculated from root diameter and length assuming the root has a round cross-section. Image analysis - Root surface area using WinRhizo in SITIS platform variable_of Observe the intensity of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm. Culm node anthocyanin intensity Calculate the number of days between sowing and physiological maturity (i.e. when the grain is hard and ready for harvest) Calculation - Days to physiological maturity from sowing Leaf blade pubescence estimation wild Wild species: assess the hairiness and the location of hairs on the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards. Leaf blade LfBladPub Leaf blade pubescence Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade Pubescence Predict total stem extractives content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra Analytical measurement - Total stem extractives content StASH Stem Ash content Stem ash content Ash content in the stem Sterility The degree of male (pollen) sterility Pollen sterility Male pollen MaleSter Injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in alkaline soils Alkali AlkInj Alkali injury Cultivated species: measure the length of the longest awn Longest awn length Root surface area RtA Root Surface area Total surface area of root system percent cm/cm Lemma and palea pubescence evaluation Using a hand lens, visually assess and evaluate the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemmas and paleas Describes the extent of outcrossing of male sterile lines Outcrossing extent Plant Outcrossing extent OutXExt HI Harvest index Ratio of grain yield to total aboveground biomass Plant Biomass partionning Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of the lemma Apiculus anthocyanin Anthocyanin content ApAnth Apiculus of lemma Before starting to score phenotypic acceptability, define what is excellent, good ... unacceptable grain for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets, and then score the phenotypic acceptability of mature grain Phenotypic acceptability estimation Analytical measurement - Starch content Predict starch content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. PDef The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of phosphorus in the growing medium Phosphorus deficiency damage Phosphorus deficiency Damage About 2 weeks after flowering, measure grain weight twice at a week interval. Then, compute the grain filling rate by dividing the difference in weight by the time interval. Eg grain weight at 21 days after flowering minus grain weight at 15 days after flowering divided by six days Calculation - Grain filling rate Drought estimation leaf rolling Estimate the extent of leaf rolling on exposure to drought Grassy stunt 1 disease Severity Grassy stunt 1 The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 1 virus (RGSV1). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with small rusty spots RGSV1Sev Panicle axis The attitude of the main axis of the panicle, which ranges from straight upright to droopy Attitude Panicle axis attitude PanAxAtt PericCol Colour Pericarp colour Colour of the pericarp Pericarp Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 3 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Brown planthopper biotype 3 injury assessment ? No info in SES on how to identify the group Male sterility group assignment centimeter leaf senescence harvest scale Culm Flatness of the culm CDef Culm degree of deformation Deformation Immature apiculus anthocyanin examination Examine the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of immature lemmas Sterile lemma shape Examine the shape of sterile lemmas Calculation - Leaf sheath thickness Take the difference between the stem diameter and culm diameter and divide this by 2 Observe the extent to which grains have shattered from the panicle before being threshed Panicle shattering estimation chalkiness 0-9 scale millimeter Place non-dormant grains on moistened filter paper and cover with a petri-dish lid during germination. After the coleoptiles have reached a length of about 5 mm in darkness, place them in artificial light (daylight equivalent) at 750-1250 lux continuously for 3 to 4 days, at a temperature of 25 to 30 degrees Centigrade. Observe colour when the coleoptile is fully with first leaf just emerging (about 6 to 7 days) Coleoptile anthocyanin evaluation Glume Glume opening The extent to which the glumes (i.e. the lemma and palea) of a floret open during blooming Opening GlOp gall midge injury scale field male sterility scale Pubescence Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the leaf margin LfMargPub Leaf margin Leaf margin pubescence SubTol The ability of plants to survive a period of submergence Submergence tolerance Tolerance Submergence Total porosity CulmTP Ratio of aerenchyma and pith area to culm area Culm total porosity Culm HFSpPct Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are half-filled Half-filled spikelets proportion Half-filled spikelet Proportion Tiller density Number per area Tiller Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per unit area TilD KneeAb Kneeing ability The ability of a stem, after it has fallen flat e.g. after floodwater recedes, to start growing upright from a young node (the knee)) and bear panicles, typically an ability expressed by deepwater varieties (applicable only in conditions where culms have fallen flat) Stem kneeing ability percent Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected False smut incidence estimation square centimeter Salt injury assessment Observe growth in saline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores. drought scale spikelet sterility Ligule LigLng Length of ligule, defined as distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule Ligule length Length Examine the shape (pointed, curved) of the apiculus Apiculus shape examination mm Rice tungro disease estimation Estimate the stunting and discoloration awn color scale mature IRRI Analytical measurement - Ash content Predict ash content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Anther AnCo Anther colour Colour Colour of anther No scale name found Grain width Spikelet Width of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point GrWdt Width The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains PBInc Incidence Panicle blast incidence Panicle blast YellowMottleSev Yellow mottle disease Yellow mottle The type and severity of yellow mottle disease symptoms caused by rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV). Symptoms: stunting, reduced tillering, mottling and yellowing streaking of the leaves, delayed flowering or incomplete emergence of the panicles, in extreme cases, death of plants Severity mm/mm Panicles per plant No scale name found Zinc deficiency injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of zinc in the growing medium ZnDefInj Zinc deficiency Injury Rice bug damage RBugDam Rice bug The extent of plant damage caused by rice bug (Leptocorisa oratorisa). Damage square centimeter abortion pattern scale Angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical Angle CulmAng Culm angle Culm Measure length of the penultimate leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average Average leaf length Leaf scald Damage LfScald Leaf scald damage The type and severity of leaf scald symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Monographella albescens (Microdochium oryzae). Symptoms: lesions occur mostly near leaf tips, but sometimes start at the margin of the blade and develop into large ellipsoid areas encircled by dark-brown, narrow bands accompanied by a light-brown halo millimeter Observe growth in soil with toxic concentrations of iron Iron injury assessment kg per ha Panicles per hill Number of panicles per hill PanHill Number per hill Panicle Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm node anthocyanin distribution Measure the height of 10 seedlings from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade, and calculate the average Average seedling height millimeter Panicle blast incidence Count only the number of panicles with lesions covering completely around the node, neck or lower part of the panicle axis (symptom type 7-9), and estimate their percentage mg g-1 dry matter panicle threshability scale RD Spikelet sterility calculation Bag two primary panicles of at least 50 plants with glassine bags before their anthesis begins to prevent cross pollination. At maturity, count the filled (fertile) and unfilled (sterile) spikelets of the bagged panicles, calculate the proportion that are sterile centimeter Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the width of ten caryopses at their widest point at right angles to its length and calculate their average Caryopsis width measurement ppm millimeter Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the stigmata when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare the colour against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Stigma color examination mm Ligule color estimation Visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering HeatSens Heat injury Heat Sensitivity The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high temperature. The key period of sensitivity is during flowering gram coleoptile anthocyanin scale Weigh a random sample of 1000 well-developed, whole grains dried to 14% moisture content 1000 grain (14%MC)weight measurement In a greenhouse test, observe the early injury from leaffolder to each leaf on young plants Leaffolder single leaf injury assessment ApSh Apiculus of lemma Shape Shape of the apiculus of the lemma Apiculus shape Estimate the severity of damage caused by thrips Thrips damage assessment grams per square meter Stem Stem total structural materials content Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content of stem StSTR Non-structural material content Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Relative size Size (area) of the flag leaf relative to the size (ie area) of the leaf below it FLsizeR Flag leaf relative size Culm specific porosity Ratio of aerenchyma area to cortex area Specific porosity Culm CulmSP lemma phenol reaction scale Shape of the sterile lemmas Sterile lemma shape LemaShp Shape Sterile lemma At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart Stem borer deadheart damage assessment Chalkiness visual assessment Polish a sample of rice and evaluate a representative sample visually. Estimate the proportion of the kernel area that appears chalky white, particularly with respect to the belly, the center, and the back. Take flag leaf of randomly selected plants and do multiple SPAD readings from tip to base of the leaf. Manual measurement - SPAD meter reading Stem borer whitehead damage assessment Near grain maturity, observe the proportion of panicles that have whiteheads. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 10% of panicles with whiteheads udbatta disease incidence scale cm spikelet sterility scale Count the number of filled spikelets per panicle. Repeat the measurement on other representative panicles. Take the average number of filled spikelets per panicle. Average - Filled spikelet number per panicle AnLt Anther length Anther length Anther Length Proportion Proportion of reproductive tillers Fertile tiller FerTil Tiller fertility Examine the colour of the apiculus of immature lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references Immature apiculus color examination square millimeter A broad classification of the type of endosperm based on the presence or absence of amylose Endosperm type Endosperm EndoType Type Take the ratio of number of green leaves at maturity to the number of green leaves at flowering Calculation - Stay-green culm angle SES scale kernel smut incidence scale PS Photosynthetic rate Photosynthetic rate Carbon dioxide assimilation rate of the leaf Leaf Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the diameter of the air space in the culm panicle type scale UPOV secondary panicle branching scale Male pollen Sterility cause MaleSterGp A classification of male sterility according to the type or cause of sterility Male sterility group Caryopsis shape scale UPOV Tillers per m2 Estimate the tiller angle at the point of kneeing Kneeing ability estimation SES leaffolder injury scale greenhouse Days Average - Grain yield per plant Measure weight of filled grains from primary and secondary panicles harvested on one plant. Repeat measurement on representative plants. Take the average Anthocyanin content BLSAnth Basal leaf sheath Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin sterile lemma color scale wild mol H2O m-2 s-1 Panicles per m2 mg g-1 dry matter square millimeter Green leaf number Number of green leaves on the main culm GLf Green leaf Number per plant sheath rot incidence scale PanExs Extent to which the panicle is exserted above (i.e. protrudes from), as opposed to being enclosed within, the flag leaf sheath Exsertion Panicle exsertion Panicle percent Stem starch content Starch content StSTA Starch content in the stem Stem mm g per 100 spikelets CulmINodAnth Culm internode anthocyanin Purplish markings, if any, on internodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin Culm internode Anthocyanin content BirdDam Damage Bird The extent of damage caused by birds. Bird damage Bacterial blight race 1 damage estimation field Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 1 Leaf blast damage type Assess the type of lesion NRGQASC - Grain length Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) g per 1000 spikelets cubic centimeter Observe plant growth and rate level of drought symptoms Estimation - overall drought symptoms mature lemma and palea ornamentation scale UPOV Pith PithA Area of the hollow region of the culm Area Pith area gram PithD Diameter of the hollow portion of the culm Pith Pith diameter Diameter culm node anthocyanin intensity scale Shape of the ligule LigShp Ligule shape Shape Ligule Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area to cortex area Calculation - Specific culm porosity leaf length scale Average - Tiller number per plant Count all tillers arising from representative plants and compute the average brown planthopper biotype 3 injury scale square millimeter Calculate as the ratio of milled rice weight to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Calculation - Milled rice rate mg g-1 dry matter Severity Yellow dwarf YellowDwarfSev Yellow dwarf The type and severity of yellow dwarf symptoms caused by a mycoplasma. Symptoms: pale yellow, droopy leaves, excessive tillering and stunting Leaf margin pubescence Wild species: assess the presence/absence of hairs on the leaf margin Calculate the ratio of pith area to culm area Calculation - Culm porosity day SPAD unit Wild species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of five representative plants Average culm diameter - wild species percent Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the length of ten caryopses and calculate the average Caryopsis length measurement Measure distance between the panicle neck node of the main culm and the panicle base, i.e. uppermost culm node. Repeat measurement on other representative plants and take the average. Average - Peduncle length Calculation - Culm wall area Calculate culm area minus the pith area Colour of the lemma and palea Lemma and palea color Lemma and palea LmPCol Colour culm length scale PanAxText Texture of the main axis of the panicle Texture Panicle axis texture Panicle axis grams per square meter GrElong The extend to which grains elongate during cooking. High elongation is typical of basmati types of rice Grain Grain elongation Elongation alkali digestion scale Calculation - Head milled rice rate Calculate as the ratio of head rice weight (kernel longer than or equal to 3/4 full length of a kernel) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Leaf angle Estimate the position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base Estimate the relative lesion height, as the average height above the soil of the uppermost lesion on a leaf blade or leaf sheath expressed as a percentage of the average plant height. Sheath blight relative height estimation millimeter awn color scale immature SES iron injury scale Vegetative cold injury Observe effects on vigour and leaf colour of plants grown at 17-18 degrees C before flowering degree Celsius Calculation - Total dry matter Take the total dry weight of straw, rachis, and grain (filled and unfilled) and express on a per unit area Stem extractives content Extractives content Total stem extractives content in the stem StEXT Stem Half-filled grain weight Weight Dry weight of a half-filled spikelet, including the hull THfGW Half-filled spikelets cm Total porosity ratio Panicle branch arrangement assessment Observe whether primary branches on the panicle axis are grouped into whorls or are borne individually on alternate sides square millimeter Awn color examination mature UPOV / IRRI Examine the colour of the awns after harvest against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Hoja blanca vegetative disease estimation Estimate the proportion of young plants with leaves showing symptoms Basal leaf sheath color BLSCol Colour Colour of the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Basal leaf sheath panicle exsertion scale flowering cold injury scale Proportion Head milled rice rate Proportion of head rice (kernel longer or equal to 3/4 full length of the kernel) obtained from milling the rough rice (grain with hull) Intact dehulled grain after milling HMRR Panicle branch arrangement scale percent Observe the vigor, leaf colour and damage to seedlings grown at 10 degrees C Seedling cold injury Analytical measurement - Cell wall carbohydrate composition Predict cell wall carbohydrate composition using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. mm Panicle exsertion estimation Observe the extent to which panicles are exserted above the flag leaf sheath Weight per area Spikelet Dry weight of half-filled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis HFSpY Half-filled spikelet weight per area If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet have different lengths, measure the average length of the longer sterile lemma of five spikelets Average sterile lemma length - longer Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content from PLS-FTIR analysis Calculation -Total structural materials Spikelets per panicle leaf folder injury scale field parts per million TDM Dry matter yield Aboveground dry matter Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per area Yield StrLmLng Length Sterile lemma Sterile lemma length Length of sterile lemmas Take a milled rice NIR spectrum and predict the amylose content using chemiometrics. Amylose content - NIRS Abortion pattern Describes the stage at which pollen grains abort in male sterile lines. AP Abortion pattern Pollen mature lemma and palea color scale SES Average - Oven dry weight Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average Tillers per hill Outcrossing calculation Grow the male sterile line in the field, ensuring an abundant supply of pollen from other plants while it is flowering. Calculate the proportion of seed set on the out-pollinated primary panicles Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which 80% of the flowering heads have appeared Main flowering date observation Aerenchyma Internodes micromol CO2 m-2 s-1 Caryopsis width scale Calculate as the product of percentage of grain with chalkiness and chalkiness size (area of chalkiness divided by the area of the whole grain). The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing). Calculation - Degree of endosperm chalkiness Weight per area Spikelet UFSpY Unfilled spikelets weight per area Dry weight of unfilled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis Yield measurement Harvest grain from at least 5 m2/plot, discarding at least three border rows. Thresh, dry the rough (paddy) rice to 14% moisture content, and weigh. Calculation - Unfilled spikelets per square meter Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis Ratio of area to dry weight of the leaf below the flag leaf FL1Sla Flag leaf-1 specific leaf area Specific area Flag leaf-1 Oven dry representative flag leaf -1 at 70degC to constant weight and weigh. Take the average weight Average - Oven dry weight anther colour scale cm Estimate the type and severity of damage to leaves Bacterial leaf streak damage estimation Porosity ratio g The stiffness of the culm and its resilience to being bent over Strength CulmStr Culm Culm strength Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure stomatal conductance with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Gas exchange stomatal conductance in SITIS platform ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) percent % gram Take subsample of unfilled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain Average - unfilled spikelet weight cm Measure length of representative leaves below the flag leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade. Take the average length Average - Flag leaf-1 length grassy stunt 2 disease scale Length of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea Spikelet Length Grain length GrLng Wild species: take a random sample of 10 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance 10 grain weight measurement Ratio of aerenchyma area to culm area Culm partial porosity Culm Partial porosity CulmPP Plant height measurement Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of the plant whitebacked planthopper injury scale field Ligule margin Describes the form of the margin of the ligule LigMargShp Ligule margin shape Shape Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration CO2 Concentration CI Leaf Sub-stomatal cavity carbon dioxide concentration Rice whorl maggot damage assessment Observe the severity of damage caused by rice whorl maggot Sterile lemma StrLmCol Colour of the sterile lemmas Colour Sterile lemma color Gs Stomatal conductance Rate of passage of water vapor through the leaf Stomata Water vapor conductance collar color scale RD culm diameter scale cult Grain yield Amount of grain (weight) produced per area GY Spikelet Yield count Head rice proportion Dehull and mill (polish) a sample of grains (paddy). Weigh the whole sample of polished rice, including both whole and broken kernels. Measure the length of 10 randomly selected whole kernels and compute the average. Head rice are all the kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels. Separate and weigh the head rice, and calculate the proportion of head rice out of the total weight of polished rice Average awn thickness Measure the average thickness of 10 representative spikelets, 1 cm from the apiculus of the spikelet. Rate of water loss from the leaf Leaf Transpiration rate Tr Transpiration rate stem borer whitehead damage scale millimeter Unfilled spikelet USpD Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per unit area Unfilled spikelets density Number per area 2nd elongated culm internode Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath Culm diameter - 2nd internode CulmD Diameter Leaf blade anthocyanin presence Estimate visually the presence or absence of a purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf blade anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade Rat damage incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of plants that are damaged by rats flag leaf angle scale cult late gram anthocyanin below apiculus scale immature Spikelets per hill Height Height of seedlings, measured from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade Seedling SeedlHt Seedling height Calculation - Stem diameter Take the average of major and minor stem diameters of the second elongated internode from the base % Estimate the percentage of leaf area affected by leaf blast Leaf blast damage amount vegetative cold injury scale The type and severity of leaf blast symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms are necrotic lesions on the leaves, in severe cases leading to leaf death Damage Leaf blast LfBlastDam Leaf blast damage Take representative panicles, measure temperature near panicle surface with an infrared gun and take the average Average - Panicle temperature Stigma Describes the tendency of stigmas to be exserted on one or both sides of the florets Exsertion Stigma exsertion StgExers Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration Grassy stunt 1 disease estimation Estimate the propotion of tillers that are infected Stem rot incidence estimation TMat Maturity Plant Time to maturity Time elapsed from effective seeding date to grain ripening defined as when 80-85% of grains on panicle are mature (growth stage 9) NRGQASC - Grain thickness Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) Productive tiller number per plant TilProd Total number of productive tillers arising from the base of each plant Number per plant Reproductive tiller Peduncle Length PedL Peduncle length Length of the stalk bearing the panicle Grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action Panicle threshability estimation SES Ligule color LigCol Ligule Color of the ligule Colour rice bug damage scale Distance from soil surface to top of canopy CanH Canopy Height Canopy height Average - Number of elongated internodes Count number of elongated internodes starting from the base of the main culm to the neck node ligule shape scale cult SES Area Aerenchyma area Stem aerenchyma AerA Area of an air space in a cross-section of the culm Partial porosity ratio FL1L Length of leaf below the flag leaf Length Flag leaf-1 length Flag leaf-1 Mature apiculus color examination Examine the colour of the apiculus of maturing lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references bacterial blight race 2 damage scale field Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Dry weight Pooled dry weight of the flag leaf and the leaf below it FLpDw Dry weight of flag leaf and flag leaf-1 brown planthopper biotype 1 injury scale apiculus shape scale Pith minor diameter PDMin Diameter Diameter of the narrower portion of pith Pith Dehulled grain The concentration of protein in brown (dehulled) rice Brown rice protein content protein content BRiceProtCt pollen sterility scale Average - Pooled oven dry weight Pool representative flag leaves and leaves below the flag leaf and oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average ufra incidence scale mm outcrossing scale gall midge injury scale greenhouse Calculation - Grain yield from plant density Take yield per plant and multiply with plants density g per plot Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Gas exchange leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in SITIS platform Calculation - Days to panicle exsertion Calculate the number of days between the heading date and the date of exsertion of the last spikelet LmPColOrn Lemma and palea color ornementation Colour ornamentation of the lemma and palea. It characterizes the colours present only on parts of the lemma and palea Lemma and palea Colour ornementation View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the narrower portion of the culm Image analysis - Minor culm diameter Filled spikelet Number of spikelets with filled grains per unit area Number per area FSD Filled spikelet density Proportion Proportion of brown rice (dehulled grains) obtained from rough rice (hulled grain) BRR Dehulled grain after milling Brown rice rate Flag leaf angle estimation cult early Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Aerenchyma diameter Diameter Width of air spaces in the culm AerD Stem aerenchyma Number per panicle Spikelets per panicle SpPan Total number of spikelets per panicle Spikelet Proportion MRR Dehulled grain after milling and polishing Proportion of milled and polished (processed) rice obtained from rough rice (grain with hull) Milled rice rate Grain filling rate GFR Dry mass accumulated per panicle per unit of time Spikelet Filling rate Cultivated species: visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering. Ligule color estimation - cultivated percent Measure the length of main axis of the mature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average Average panicle length - mature scale_of Proportion of leaves that stayed green until the maturity stage Proportion SGr Stay-green Green leaf Number Panicle basal branch Number of primary branches on the basal whorl of the panicle Panicle basal branch number PanN mature lemma and palea color scale UPOV % sterile lemma color scale cult leaf scald damage scale Shape of the caryopsis CaryoShp Caryopsis shape Caryopsis Shape Capcaity of the plant to extract water from the soil Water extraction capacity Plant SMTwp Water extraction capacity Estimate the ability of stems to elongate based on comparison with check varieties. Specify water depth under which the data was recorded Stem elongation estimation Diameter RtD Diameter of a cross-section of the root Root Root diameter gram Measure the average length of the sterile lemmas of five spikelets. If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet differ in length, measure only the shorter one. Average sterile lemma length - shorter Mature lemma and palea color Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea after harvest. rice whorl maggot damage scale The extent of damage caused by rats. Symptoms: the tiller is cut at a 45 degrees angle. Damage is typically heavier in the center of a crop (stadium effect). A tiller cut through by a rodent is likely to regrow, if this is after maximum tillering then the regrown tiller is unlikely to produce panicles prior to harvest. Often the regrown, but non productive, tillers are not scored as rodent damage. RatDam Rat Rat damage Damage Chalkiness Cervitec assessment Polish a sample of rice and quantify chalkiness automatically using a duly calibrated Cervitec instrument count Length LfLng Length of penultimate leaf blade Leaf length Leaf Record the date of effective seeding Seeding date observation degree Celsius Tillers per plant Bacterial blight race 2 damage estimation field Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 2 Grain discoloration incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of glumes that are discoloured gram Ligule color estimation - wild Wild species: estimate visually the colour of ligules at anthesis. Panicle dry weight per plant PDWplt Panicle dry weight per plant Panicle Weight per plant submergence survival scale mg g-1 dry matter Take the number of half-filled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100 Calculation - Half-filled spikelet percentage Specific porosity ratio Average - Tiller number per hill Count all tillers of representative hills and take the average per hill Calculation - Filled spikelet per square meter Calculate from the filled grain weight and number of filled grains on an area basis mg g-1 dry matter Awn distribution observation Observe the distribution of awned spikelets along a panicle centimeter Time of 50% heading scale percent leaf angle scale Examine the colour of the outside of the basal leaf sheath against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Basal leaf sheath color examination 1 mm PBDam The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Panicle blast damage Damage Panicle blast Measure distance between the base of the flag leaf and the panicle neck node, there is positive exertion if the panicle base is above the flag leaf base and a negative exsertion if otherwise. Manual measurement - Panicle exsertion Measure the distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch on five representative panicles and calculate their average Average panicle distance to basal branch Lodging incidence estimation Observe the proportion of plants that are lodged at harvest Calculation - Soil moisture tension at wilting point Derive from the soil moisture retention (pF) curve using the soil moisture content at wilting point. centimeter Grassy stunt 2 disease RGSV2Sev The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 2 virus (RGSV2). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, yellow to orange and narrow leaves with small rusty spots Grassy stunt 2 Severity Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure photosynthetic rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Gas exchange photosynthetic rate in SITIS platform Calculation - Degree of culm deformation Calculate the ratio of the difference between the major and minor culm diameters to the average culm diameter of the second internode from the base as measured via image analysis Take the number of unfilled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100 Calculation - Unfilled spikelet percentage Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Flag leaf angle estimation cult late count gram narrow brown leaf spot scale centimeter Calculation - Spikelets unfilled weight on area basis Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis Panicles per plant Take the total dry weight of stems, leaves and panicles per plant Calculation - Total dry matter per plant Brown planthopper injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of brown planthoppers and observe the damage on the seedlings Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of immature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Anthocyanin below apiculus examination immature culm node anthocyanin scale millimeter grams per square meter Take subsample of half-filled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain Average - half-filled spikelet weight square centimeter Colour of the leaf collar Collar CollCol Collar color Colour flag leaf angle scale cult early Ufra incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that show visible symptoms of infection Average - Leaf dry weight Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight, weigh and take the average leaf weight degrees C Calculation -grain yield correction to 14% moisture content Correct the oven-dried grain yield to 14% moisture content Secondary panicle branching observation Observe the abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle, and by referring to a diagram of standards bird damage incidence scale Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration Grassy stunt 2 disease estimation 2nd elongated stem internode SDMaj Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath Major diameter Stem major diameter - 2nd internode Flag leaf-1 width Flag leaf-1 FL1W Width Width of leaf below the flag leaf false smut incidence scale Stain polished (milled, white) rice grains with a weak KI-I solution, prepared by mixing 0.1% I2 solution with 0.2% KI solution, and observe the colour of the stained endosperm Endosperm type assessment mm mm flag leaf angle scale wild CollAnth Anthocyanin content Collar Collar anthocyanin Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the collars kneeing ability presence scale Time elapsed from date of transplanting to flowering stage Time to flowering (from transplanting) Time to flowering from transplanting Spikelet DFlwT Manual measurement - ORAC assay Take leaf sap from youngest fully expanded leaves, trolox equivalent of samples obtained by regression equation with trolox standard In a greenhouse test, observe the proportion of plants with silver shoots. For the greenhouse test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should show silver shoots Gall midge injury assessment greenhouse sensed aroma uncooked scale Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected Kernel smut incidence estimation Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Sterile lemma color examination wild basal leaf sheath color scale 1 Count all productive tillers in representative plants and take the average Average - Productive tiller number per plant Estimate the average number of panicles per plant. Number of panicles per plant estimation Yellow dwarf disease assessment Estimate the type and severity of symptoms on secondary growth after cutting at the base DFlwE Spikelet Time elapsed from date of emergence to flowering stage Time to flowering (from emergence) Time to flowering from emergence View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the average area of the air spaces in the culm Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma area Number Half-filled spikelet densty HSpD Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per unit area Half-filled spikelet Take the number of filled spikelets and divide by the total number of spikelets per panicle, multiply by 100 Calculation - Filled spikelet percentage Spikelets per panicle g per 1000 spikelets mg g-1 dry matter Ligule shape determination Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice Culm internode CulmINodUnderCol Underlying colour Colour of internodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings Culm internode underlying colour Calculation - Flag leaf -1 specific leaf area Take the ratio of leaf area to leaf dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf immature lemma and palea colour scale Cultivated species: assess the hairiness of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards Leaf blade pubescence Estimate the % spikelet fertility of plants exposed to high temperature during ... ? Flowering? Ripening? Flowering heat injury Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content from PLS-FTIR analysis Calculation - Total stem material Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of represenrtative plants and calculate the average Plant height average Calculation - Culm diameter Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters Ligule shape determination - wild Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice Cervitec reading maturity scale UPOV awn color scale immature IRRI Collect florets and fix in 3:1 Acetic acid:alcohol solution. Squeeze out pollen grains under a drop of acetocarmine stain, observe under a microscope at 10x10 magnification, and estimate the predominant staining behavior and number of nuclei visible Abortion pattern estimation In a field test, grow each line under two conditions: without P fertilizer (low P) and with 25kg P/ha fertilizer (standard P). Estimate the number of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P Phosphorus deficiency tillering field day gram per plant phenotypic acceptability scale seeding date Plant Date of effective seeding, ie the date when seeds were first moistened This may be the date of soaking for pre-soaked seed, or the date of sowing for dry seed sown onto a wet seedbed, or the date when rain or other moisture becomes available to seed sown dry on a dry seedbed Seeding date SdDate percent Vegetative vigor Assess the vigor of plants in early vegetative stage Calculate as the ratio of soil oven-dried weight to soil fresh weight at wilting point. Calculation - Soil moisture content at wilting point Score RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9 5 weeks after inoculation in the greenhouse, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored . Ragged stunt disease index Spikelets per panicle Awn distribution scale Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Grassy stunt 2 disease index Remove leaf sheath and measure wider width of second elongated internodes from the base and take the average Average - Major culm diameter Flag leaf temperature Temperature Flag leaf Flag leaf surface temperature FLfT cm2 g-1 The type and severity of kernel smut symptoms caused by Tilletia barclayana causing kernel smut. KSmut Kernel smut Kernel smut Incidence Gall midge Gall midge damage The extent of plant damage caused by gall midge (Orseolia oryzae). Symptoms: light-colored tubular galls resembling an onion leaf on the youngest leaf of the shoot in a tiller. GallMidgeDam Damage Grain elongation ratio Measure the ratio of the length of cooked to uncooked polished (white) rice grains stigma color scale 1 day Average flag leaf length Measure length of the flag leaf, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average Leaf scald damage estimation Estimate the proportion and distribution of leaf area diseased millimeter Observe the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the collars Collar anthocyanin presence Root Total root length Root length RtL Length Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Grassy stunt 1 disease index Calculation - Days to maturity Take the number of days to flowering and add 30 days Auricle Color of the auricle Auricle color Colour AurCol Calculate the number of days between sowing and initial flowering dates Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom sowing method_of seedling height scale LigPub Presence and distribution of hairs on ligules Ligule Ligule pubescence Pubescence square meter per second per mol of water % Grain thickness GrThk Spikelet Thickness Thickness of grain with hull Tillering scale 2nd elongated culm internode Culm minor diameter - 2nd internode Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath Minor diameter CDMin mg g-1 dry matter number of tillers ligule pubescence scale 1 % ligule color scale cult cm Calculation - Grain yield per plot Take yield expressed on an area basis and multiply with plot size Count number of green leaves on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average number Average - Green leaf number Dry aboveground plant parts, excluding panicles. Weigh and take the average weight per plant Average - Straw yield Oven dry straw at 70?C to constant weight and express in a per unit area basis Calculation - Straw yield BakInc Bakanae disease Incidence Bakanae disease In of bakanae disease symptoms caused by Gibberella fujikuroi. Symptoms: the plant elongates abnormally, has few tillers, and usually dies before producing grains leaf margin pubescence scale Width Leaf width Width of penultimate leaf blade Leaf LfWdt leaf blade anthocyanin distribution scale Image analysis - Major pith diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the wider portion of the culm pith Sterile lemma shape scale Brown planthopper injury assessment field Observe the damage on the plants caused by brown planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Panicle blast damage estimation Observe the damage to panicles millimolar trolox equivalent apiculus color SES scale Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath Culm major diameter - 2nd internode CDMaj 2nd elongated culm internode Major diameter Total dry matter per plant Aboveground dry matter TDMplt Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per plant Weight per plant The extent of damage caused by thrips (Stenchaetothrips biformis) ThripDam Damage Thrip Thrip damage Male sterility estimation Examine pollen grains under a microscrope and estimate the proportion that are sterile ligule shape scale wild Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Fertile pollen grains will be round and well stained, sterile pollen grains will be unstained or partially stained, and withered or round. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the proportion that are sterile Pollen sterility calculation Seed germination 1 Estimate the proportion of germinated seeds Calculation - Half-filled spikelets per square meter Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis Temperature Panicle Panicle temperature Panicle surface temperature PanT spikelet fertility scale SES brown spot damage scale Ligule margin shape determination Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice culm diameter scale UPOV Green leafhopper injury assessment field Observe the damage on the seedlings caused by green leafhopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage day Damage Stem borer The extent of damage caused by stem borers, which include Chilo suppressalis (striped), C. polychrysus (dark headed), Rupela albinella (South American white), Scirpophaga incertulas (yellow), S innotata (white), Sesamia inferens (pink), Maliarpha separatella (African whiteheads), Diopsis macrophthalma (Stalked-eyed fly), and several other species Stem borer damage StemBorer pericarp colour IRRI scale kneeing ability scale SES Sterile lemma color examination cult Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. panicle length scale Calculate as the difference between the main heading date and the date of effective seeding Days to 80% flowering count grassy stunt 1 disease scale % Pericarp colour examination Examine the colour of the pericarp against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. millibars Observe the percentage of the panicle that is inside the flag leaf sheath Panicle exsertion male sterile estimation cm2 g-1 % leaf area affected millimeter Diameter of the wider portion of pith PDMaj Pith major diameter Pith Diameter StSUC Stem Sucrose content in the stem Sucrose content Stem sucrose content Assess pubescence (hairiness) of the ligules under a hand lens. Ligule pubescence estimation bacterial blight race 1 damage scale field Bird damage incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of panicles that are damaged by birds Spikelets per panicle Caryopsis width The width of the caryopsis at its widest point at right angles to its length (ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling the grain and before milling) CaryoWdt Caryopsis Width Average flag leaf width Measure width at the widest portion of the flag leaf on five representative plants. Calculate average awn color scale mature UPOV millimeter Drought recovery estimation 10 days after soaking rain or watering ends a period of drought, estimate the % of plants that recover. Indicate the degree of drought stress before watering Calculate as length times the width of the uppermost leaf on the main culm, multiplied by a constant (0.725) Calculation - Flag leaf area View cross-sectioned sample of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the thickness of the wall of the cross-sectioned culm Image analysis - Culm wall thickness Rice delphacid injury assessment field Observe the damages on plants caused by rice delphacid. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which first flush of flowering heads appear First heading date observation Leaf dry weight per plant Total dry weight of leaves per plant LDWplt Leaf Dry weight per plant Culm node underlying colour examination If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Caryopsis length/width ratio scale SES Time elapsed from date of sowing to flowering stage Spikelet Time to flowering (from sowing) Time to flowering from sowing DFlwS Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains Filled spikelet proportion FSpProp Proportion Spikelet Gradually heat a sample of milled rice using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), which measures the energy expended to raise the temperature of starch crystals as they gelatinize and melt. The temperature at which energy expenditure is maximum (peak temperature) provides a precise measure of gelatinization temperature. Peak temperature Leaf senescence harvest estimation Estimate by observing all leaves below the flag leaf for their retention of greenness when the grains are ready for harvesting percent Average grain width Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains panicle exsertion male sterile scale leaffolder single leaf injury scale No scale name found grain width UPOV scale g per 1000 spikelets Estimate the penultimate leaf blade for distribution of any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade. Leaf blade anthocyanin distribution Clk Chalkiness of endosperm Endosperm Chalkiness Describes the extent to which milled (polished, white) rice appears to be a chalky white colour as opposed to translucent white. The chalky appearance arises from the incomplete development of starch grains in the endosperm, which leaves tiny air pockets between starch granules and results in weak grains collar anthocyanin presence scale culm diameter scale wild mm Manual measurement - Leaf surface temperature in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf temperature with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) ligule shape scale cult RD Udbatta disease incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected Analytical measurement - Sucrose content Predict sucrose content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. mm Weighing - filled grain weight Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh. mm Calculation - Percentage of grain with chalkiness Calculate as the percentage of head milled grains with chalkiness. The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing). panicle shattering scale phosphorus deficiency tillering field scale fertility restoration scale Endosperm type scale Estimate the proportion of spikelet fertility after exposure to drought Drought estimation spikelet sterility culm internode anthocyanin presence scale View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the wider portion of the culm Image analysis - Major culm diameter leaf blade anthocyanin presence scale Gall midge injury assessment field In a field test, observe the proportion of infected tillers. For the field test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, more than 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should be affected with not less than 15% silver shoot Wild species: assess the texture of the main panicle axis by rubbing fingers from the base towards the tip and assess the smoothness Panicle axis texture assessment Caryopsis length SES scale gram Spikelet Grain weight GrnWt The weight of a whole grain including the hull Weight Lodging incidence scale length to width ratio green leafhopper injury scale field millimeter yellow dwarf disease scale spikelet fertility scale RD Calculate the average of major and minor pith diameters of the second internode from the base Calculation - Pith diameter Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground Culm strength estimation - RD Weighing - filled grain weight Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh. Average culm length Measure distance from soil surface to base of panicle on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average Observe effects on spikelet fertility, heading and growth of plants grown at 17-18 degrees during flowering Flowering cold injury leaf blast damage scale Spikelets per panicle Oven dry representative stems at 70degC to constant weight. Weigh and take the average stem weight Average - Stem dry weight Culm strength scale SES panicle axis scale UPOV Keel anthocyanin immature scale View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the cross-sectioned culm Image analysis - Culm area leaf angle scale Grain length score stigma exsertion scale yellow stem borer deadheart damage scale awn color scale anthesis UPOV Anthocyanin below apiculus examination mature Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin bakanae disease incidence scale