PHENOTYPIC_ACCEPTABILITY IRRI Jeffrey Detras PhenAcc_Est_1to9 RICE_DELPHACID RDelphDam_EstFld_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI AwDist_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI AWDIST PltH_MAT_cm_MM PltH_FLW_cm_MM PlntHt_Av_cm Jeffrey Detras IRRI HT PltH_15DAF_cm_MM 1 Pollen free (TGMS line, e.g. Norin PL12) strong 7 SpkFer_Est_1to9 SPIKELET_FERTILITY SpFert SPKF Jeffrey Detras IRRI 3 Leaves partly folded in deep V-shape Distinctly yellow and narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers. 5 9 More than 65% StrLmLng_AvShort_1to9 Jeffrey Detras STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH IRRI IRRI LigMargShp_Est_1to99 LIGMSH Jeffrey Detras 6 IRRI GrElong_Comp_ratio Jeffrey Detras 4 GELC Jeffrey Detras IRRI GelC_Meas_1to5 No disease observed 0 0 Absent FLW_MM_cm Jeffrey Detras IRRI FGLW FlgLfWdt_Av_cm YELLOW_DWARF YellowDwarfSev_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE LfBladPub_WildEst_1to4 IRRI 081 3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI ColdSens_SeedlEst_0to9 CTOL 1 Difficult: few or no grains removed Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead 5 8 5 1/3 to 1/2 of leaves injured THfGW IRRI Julie Pasuquin HfGW_Av_g1000gr 1-5% 3 100 Black 6 9 61% and above Light 1 Acute to acuminate 2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI StSUC_AM_mgg BPH BPHDam_Fld_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 11-20% 3 Partially sterile (70%-94.9%) 7 1000GW FGW_MM_g1000gr IRRI Julie Pasuquin TGW 3 052 1 Small brown specks of pinpoint size or large brown specks without sporulating center on the lower leaves AwCol_ImmatEst_SES0to6 AWCO Jeffrey Detras IRRI ANC 2 084 2 gold furrows 084 3 IRRI Julie Pasuquin TilHill_Av_TillH Julie Pasuquin StTWT_AM_mgg IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI RWhorlMaggDam_Est_0to9 RICE_WHORL_MAGGOT Highly fertile >90% 1 Jeffrey Detras RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9 IRRI RGSV2 yellowish 2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CMD CulmDiam_Av_1to7 41-60% 5 IRRI Julie Pasuquin StPRO_AM_mgg Strong 7 6 IRRI Jeffrey Detras SPIKELET_FERTILITY SpFert SPKF SpkFer_Est_1to5 SdDate_Meas_Date DATE_SEED Jeffrey Detras IRRI 2 Semi-upright Julie Pasuquin IRRI FLSla_CM_cm2g LEAF_ANGLE IRRI LfAng_Est_SES1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI PlntVg_SdEst_1to9 Jeffrey Detras VG ApAnth_ImmatEst_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin TFlwT_CM_d No symptom observed 1 1 Non-glutinous (non-waxy, stains dark blue purple) CulmStr_EstRD_1to9 IRRI CUST Jeffrey Detras CS SDMin_Av_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin Jeffrey Detras LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_0to9 LEAFFOLDER IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI CC CollCol_Est_RD0to4 1 Lightly scented IRRI Julie Pasuquin GrWh_MM_mm PedL_Av_cm IRRI Julie Pasuquin PithD_CM_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin 7 Weak most plants nearly flat Vegetative crown and stolon 2 11-40% 7 GRW GrWdt_Meas_1to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin IRRI FLA_CM_cm2 HdR_Comp_Perc HDR Jeffrey Detras IRRI Absent 0 AWCO AwCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI ANC 2 Soft 61-80 mm IRRI StSTA_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin 7 Better than that of non-elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of elongating semidwarf Julie Pasuquin IRRI FSpProp_CM_pct StCWC_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI Julie Pasuquin GLWR_CM_r IRRI 7 11-40% 5 8-15% No damage 0 0 No injury 6 AL AnLt_Av_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras variegated purple 7 PB PBInc_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 7 Descending 8 Purple IRRI Jeffrey Detras BBDam_EstFld_1to9 BB 3 40-49 degrees Horizontal 5 Jeffrey Detras AWCO ANC IRRI AwCol_ImmatEst_IRRI0to8 2 Truncate 41-70% 3 reddish brown 4 FLDw_Av_g IRRI Julie Pasuquin Severely stressed 1 9 Below 20 degrees Non-scented 0 Semi-erect (intermediate) 3 SCCO Jeffrey Detras IRRI PericCol_Exam_1to7UPOV 7 pollen 60-69% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile PanAxText_Est_1or2 PA_TEXT IRRI Jeffrey Detras 1 Very slight damage Abortion at later stage: pollen grains look like fertile pollen (518A cytoplasm from O. nivara) 9 HMRR_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI SG SdGerm_Est_Pct purple 5 2 or more leaves/hill but less than 1/3 of leaves injured 3 PanSh_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras THR_SCOR_1_3 PSH IRRI RTungroSev_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras RTD1 CulmNodAnth_IntensEst_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 5 13-25% CulmSP_CM_r IRRI Julie Pasuquin 1 011 AP Jeffrey Detras AP_Lab_1to9 IRRI IRRI PanPlt_Av_PanPlt Julie Pasuquin StemBorer_DeadheartEst_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras STEM_BORER_DAMAGE 000 0 Jeffrey Detras IRRI MSTERILE POLLEN_STERILITY MaleSter_UPOVEst_1to3 Small roundish to slightly elongated necrotic sporulating spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter with a distinct brown margin or yellow halo 3 054 6 4 Medium 5 1 Whorled 2 cleft ApAnth_MatEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 1 absent or very weak 7 Strong 0-10% 9 020 2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin FLpDw_Av_g 9 Well exserted Intermediate 6-25% 5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI GLhDam_EstGH_0to9 GLH LodInc_Meas_pct Jeffrey Detras IRRI LG Very weak 1 strong 7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmINodAnth_Est_0to2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin RtA_Win_cm2 5 Medium: 10-19 tillers/plant More than 50% infected panicles 9 Jeffrey Detras ENDO IRRI EndoType_Est_1to3 Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves whitish and rolled 3 GrnWt_1000Wgh_1to7 IRRI GRWT Jeffrey Detras GRNWT CulmDiam_CultAv_mm CMD Jeffrey Detras IRRI 9 All plants dead Int2L_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin IRRI Fully awned 2 Medium 5 TiFlwS_CM_d Julie Pasuquin IRRI Intermediate ~45 cm 5 Stunting slight, tillering decreased, some basal leaves brown or yellow 3 Jeffrey Detras PNL PanLng_MatAv_UPOV1to3 IRRI ColeoAnth_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfBlastDam_EstAmt_0to9 BLAST 1 Compact 8 51-100% 1-10% covered 3 1 pollen and spikelets both 90% fertile or above Rolling of terminal 1/3-1/2 area of 1st and 2nd leaves 3 LigShp_WilEst_0to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_SHAPE DRS_DRY_0_9 DhtInj_EstRoll_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 61-100% 9 75% of the kernel with chalkiness 4 31-45% 5 BLS BLS_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI FlgLfAng_LateAv_1to7 FLA 80-100% 1 5 medium 100 9 3 IRRI SpPan_CM_SpPan Julie Pasuquin 3 Weak black 9 010 1 FLpSla_CM_cm2g IRRI Julie Pasuquin 7 26-50% 9 very strong 1 Very weak Jeffrey Detras dist_post PanBasBrDist_Av_mm IRRI SpkSter_Comp_1to9 SPIKELET_STERILITY Jeffrey Detras IRRI 3 060 061 3 Glutinous (waxy, stains reddish purple) Julie Pasuquin IRRI StSTR_AM_mgg No injury 0 CDMin_Av_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin 0 Absent 1 Very early (all leaves lost their green colour before grain maturity) Low (~3%) 3 MaleSterGp_Est_1to6 IRRI MALE_STERILITY_GROUP Jeffrey Detras RTD1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI RTungroSev_GHComp_Pct 080 6 1 Thin <5 mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI BPHDam_GH2_0to9 BPH White 11 4 Typical susceptible blast lesions 3 mm or longer, infecting less than 4% of the leaf area CulmTP_CM_r IRRI Julie Pasuquin 4 Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center 1 95-99% 3 RAGGED_STUNT Jeffrey Detras IRRI RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9 5 Medium PanExs_Est_1to9 IRRI EXS Jeffrey Detras PEX YellowMottleSev_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI YELLOW_MOTTLE 1 Extra vigorous, very fast growing Scented 2 Julie Pasuquin TilD_CM_Tillm2 IRRI DRS_DRY_0_9 DhtInj_EstSpkFert_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 1 1-5% AerN_IA_Aer Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI HSpD_CM_SpPan Julie Pasuquin No damage 0 Jeffrey Detras ApSh_Est_1to2 APSH IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI CC CollCol_Est_SES0to3 95-99% 3 Julie Pasuquin PDMin_IA_mm IRRI 4 All plants dead 9 moderately stressed 3 7 Broad 1 Very weak IRRI Julie Pasuquin FL1Dw_Av_g CS IRRI CUST Jeffrey Detras CulmStr_EstSES_1to9 Jeffrey Detras CML CulmLng_Av_cm IRRI 11-25% 7 8 More than 1/2 of leaf area scraped 3 reddish to light purple 4 1 Less than 2 leaves/hill injured CulmNodAnth_DistrEst_0to3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI IRRI SCT Sct_SmellCook_0to2 Jeffrey Detras 061 5 IRRI Julie Pasuquin DMatS_CM_d 087 8 P1 PDef_GHEst_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Purple spots on straw 7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CaryoLng_MeasSES_1to7 APC IRRI Jeffrey Detras ApCol_MatEst_SES1to7 Semi-round 2 StgmCol_Est_1to5 STIGMA_COLOR IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras CaryoWdt_Av_1to7 Scented 2 moderately tolerant 4-5 Very slight damage 1 Jeffrey Detras CulmDiam_WildAv_mm CMD IRRI LmPPub_Est_IRRI1to5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE 7 31-50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration IRRI Jeffrey Detras SAL SaltInj_Est_1to9 GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE GallMidgeDam_EstGH_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 1-10% 3 12-25% 7 9 Present 7 5-9.9% seed set 9 Rapidly coalescing small, whitish, grayish, or bluish lesions without distinct margins GRAIN_DISCOLORATION IRRI Jeffrey Detras GrDiscol_Est_0to9 LfBladPub_CultEst_UPOV1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE medium 2 5 100% of the kernel with chalkiness 7 16-25% IRRI Julie Pasuquin StemD_CM_mm 5 light red STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR StrLmCol_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 6-25% 5 7 080 3 Short 7 More than 1/2 of the leaves injured with no broken leaves 11-20% 5 9 76-100% CulmINodUnderCol_Est_0to2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras INCO CulmP_CM_r IRRI Julie Pasuquin Long 3 male sterile 3 9 pollen and spikelets both <60% fertile Jeffrey Detras IRRI NUMBER_OF_PANICLES PNO PanNo_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfMargPub_Est_1to2 LMPUB Jeffrey Detras IRRI LIGULE_SHAPE LigShp_CultEst_RD0to3 Jeffrey Detras StrLmLng_AvLong_1to9 STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH IRRI SLSH Jeffrey Detras LemaShp_Est_0to3 IRRI Present 9 1 Strong no bending IRRI Julie Pasuquin MRR_CM_pct 9 Almost all plants dead or dying 5 30-39 degrees 5 Split or segmented with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp 1 Less than 1% 3 1-10% AlkInj_Est_1to9 ALK Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras GLO GlOp_Av_1to9 IRRI 2 081 4 081 Long 7 040 Gold 3 IRRI StDM_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin 0-4.9% seed set 9 2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI WBPH_EstFld_0to9 WBPH 3 Weak 3 Weak 3 5 Intermediate (~50 cm) 6 041 1 All plants dead 9 Lesion completely around panicle baseor uppermost internode or the panicle axis near the base with less than 30% of filled grains. 9 Hard 36-40 mm 4 1 Very weak SubTol_FldEst_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI SUB SMCwp_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI 1-5% 1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LG LodInc_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CaryoLng_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI STEM_BORER_DAMAGE StemBorer_WhiteHeadEst_0to9 1 020 9 Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves Lightly scented 1 2 Very short to short 51-70 cm PNL PanLng_ImmatAv_cm Jeffrey Detras IRRI GYplt_Av_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI BLSCol_Est_1to4 IRRI Jeffrey Detras BLSC_CO_1_4 IRRI Julie Pasuquin TFlwE_CM_d pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 90% fertile or above 2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI BB BBDam_EstFld2_1to9 0-49% 9 5 Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead 7 strong Julie Pasuquin TillNo_Comp_1to9 TI IRRI More than 2/3 of all leaves fully dried 7 long 3 IRRI Julie Pasuquin UFSpPct_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI HFSpY_CM_gm2 IRRI CulmDiam_WildAv_1or2 Jeffrey Detras CMD GFR_CM_gday IRRI Julie Pasuquin UDInc_Est_0to9 IRRI UDBATTA_DISEASE Jeffrey Detras 26-50% infected panicles 7 AnCo_Est_1to2 ANCO Jeffrey Detras IRRI SpD_CM_spk IRRI Julie Pasuquin 081 4 BPHDam_GH3_0to9 BPH IRRI Jeffrey Detras 21-40% 5 StmRotInc_Est_0to9 STEM_ROT Jeffrey Detras IRRI 1/3 to 1/2 of leaf area scraped 2 4 052 Brown (tawny) Vegetative crown, stolon and weak rhizomes 4 1 short CulmDiam_CultAv_1or2 CMD IRRI Jeffrey Detras IronInj_Est_1to9 FE1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Medium 5 1 very early 053 5 ColdSens_FlwEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CTOL 6 Strong rhizomes with tubers BRR_CM_pct IRRI Julie Pasuquin 1 Round 3 pollen 90% fertile or above, spikelets 75-89% fertile RhyzForm_Est_1to6 IRRI RHIZOME_FORMATION Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9 RGSV1 All plants dead 9 Jeffrey Detras HeadT_80Comp_d FLW HDG IRRI 2 25% of the kernel with chalkiness Julie Pasuquin IRRI Lf_Av_LfPlt Julie Pasuquin Gs_LCPro_mol IRRI IRRI FSpPan_CM_SpPan Julie Pasuquin HFSpPan_CM_SpPan IRRI Julie Pasuquin 2 LIGULE_COLOR Jeffrey Detras IRRI LigCol_CultEst_0to5 2 1 011 Whitish GelTemp_PkTemp_Deg GelTemp IRRI Jeffrey Detras PBSev_Comp_Pct PB Jeffrey Detras IRRI 3 variegated brown IRRI Jeffrey Detras PanBrNo_Av_BrPan pbasbrno PBPan_MM_BrPan 8 Long to very long 156-180 cm 2 Droopy IRRI Julie Pasuquin LfST_CM_mm 7 Highly sterile <50% to trace FL1W_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 3 Photoperiod-sensitive genic type (PGMS) IRRI FL1A_CM_cm2 Julie Pasuquin 052 Brown (tawny) 3 intermediate 5 IRRI Julie Pasuquin EInt_Av_Ino STEM_BORER_DAMAGE Jeffrey Detras IRRI StemBorer_YellowEst_0to9 Spindle-shaped 4 0-10% height reduction, no ragged/twisted leaf, very few veins slightly swollen usually on leaf collar 3 1 Less than 3% 9 very strong 7 Spreading >60? IRRI FerTil_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin 7 Partially sterile (70%-94.9%) 1 No symptom observed 0 No injury 090 9 2 1-3% Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmNodUndCol_Est_0to2 NOCO 51-100% 9 040 2 5 0-10% height reduction, 1-2 leaves ragged/twisted, few veins swollen on leaf collar IRRI Julie Pasuquin SDMaj_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI THRIPS ThripDam_Est_0to9 9 very strong 1 Erect LEAFFOLDER LfFolderDam_EstSingleLead_0to3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 1 90-100% 6-25% 5 9 Completely sterile 0% 4 purple spots 9 Drooping Moderately well exserted 7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CaryoShp_Est_1to5 7 Strong 070 5 3 Moderately difficult 1-5% Dispersed mergingwith collar, low gel temp (<70C) 6 Intermediate 1cm - 2cm 5 6-7 Sensitive 0 Growth and tillering nearly normal 061 Light green 5 Less than 1% 2 3 Truncate No damage 0 No disease observed 0 DrG_Est_sc1to5 IRRI Julie Pasuquin highly sensitive 8-9 5 Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area light gold 1 3 Hairy on lower surface AwLng_WildAv_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI ANL Kernel not affected but chalky, high gel temp (>74C) 1 FLCC_MM_SPAD IRRI Julie Pasuquin 4 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE LfBladPub_CultEst_SES1to3 Yellow to orange and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withfew small tillers 7 Long (~70 cm) 7 5 Spreading (open) IRRI LEAF_LENGTH LfLng_Av_cm Jeffrey Detras 3 short Julie Pasuquin TFlwS_CM_d IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI ApCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to6 APC Horizontal 7 RGSV2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras RGSV2Sev_Index_Pct Lesion partially around the base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part of panicle axis near the base 5 SpHill_CM_SpH Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras ChrNo_Count_Chr IRRI FL1Sla_CM_cm2g Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI Jeffrey Detras StemBorer_DeepWatEst_0to9 STEM_BORER_DAMAGE KERNEL_SMUT IRRI Jeffrey Detras KSmut_Est_0to9 9 All plants dead 6-12% 3 GRAIN_THICKNESS GrThk_Av_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras Semi-erect (semi-compact) 3 1 Erect IRRI Jeffrey Detras LigPub_Est_1to3 LIGULE_PUBESCENCE Entire 1 1 Difficult less than 1% AerD_IA_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin Completely dispersed and cleared, low gel temp (<70C) 7 NBLS IRRI Jeffrey Detras NBLSDam_Est_0to9 FlwDate_1stFlw_Date FLW_DATE IRRI Jeffrey Detras AurShp_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with numerous small tillers. 3 5 21-30% IRRI USpD_CM_spk Julie Pasuquin Jeffrey Detras PNL PanLng_MatAv_RD1to9 IRRI 4 0 No symptoms RatDam_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras RAT_DAMAGE Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfScald_Est_0to9 LEAF_SCALD Upright 1 7 26-50% 080 4 Jeffrey Detras GrnWt_100Wgh_g GRNWT GRWT IRRI strong 5 9 Present IRRI STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR Jeffrey Detras StrLmCol_Est_1to4 088 7 3 Brown (tawny) 20-30% 3 46-65% 7 3 1-5% 9 26-100% 5 11-15% 1 011 RAGGED_STUNT IRRI Jeffrey Detras RaggedStuntSev_Index_Pct 6 2 040 Gold No damage observed 0 6 GelTemp Jeffrey Detras IRRI GelTemp_Alkd_1to7 IRRI TDMplt_CM_gPlnt Julie Pasuquin 040 Gold 2 2 Smooth 9 100 8 RtD_Win_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin 1 Very slight damage IRRI Julie Pasuquin HI_CM_r 9 More than 1/2 of the injured with some broken leaves Jeffrey Detras IRRI Clk_Vis_0to9 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 5 ZDEF ZnDefInj_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Very short (<21 cm) 1 1 Less than 1% 1 Very slight injury 1 absent 5 Abortion at binucleate stage of pollen (CMS-HL type) Leaves fully cupped in U-shape 5 3 051 7 SDWplt_Av_g IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI Julie Pasuquin RtL_Win_cm 0 Non-scented 3 6-10% IRRI CaryoShp_Comp_1to9 Jeffrey Detras Highly sterile 1-49% 2 BLSAnth_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI BLSCO_ANTH BPH Jeffrey Detras IRRI BPHDam_GH_0to9 Jeffrey Detras KeelAnth_MatEst_0to7 IRRI IRRI Jeffrey Detras BApAnth_ImmatEst_0to7 060 4 Jeffrey Detras IRRI ANP AwPres_WildEst_0to2 Lesion type is the same as in 1, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves 3 Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves brown or yellow 7 Julie Pasuquin IRRI StNSC_AM_mgg 5 080 Purple 6 100 Black Julie Pasuquin IRRI CulmD_CM_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_COLOR LigCol_Est_0to3 LEAFFOLDER Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfFolderDam_CompRating_Pct 070 Red 4 LfWdt_Av_cm LW Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI BIRD_DAMAGE BirdDam_Est_1to9 Complete plant wilting, followed by severe yellowing and scorching 9 1 absent 5 Similar to that of elongating semidwarf e.g. IR11141-6-1-4 7 Typical blast lesions infection 26-50% of the leaf area Jeffrey Detras WBPH_EstGH_0to9 IRRI WBPH CwallT_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI Jeffrey Detras FALSE_SMUT FSmut_Est_0to9 20-29.9% seed set 3 IRRI StgExers_Comp_1to9 Jeffrey Detras STIGMA_EXSERTION Weak 3 2 gold Julie Pasuquin IRRI CulmD_IA_mm 1 straw 3 Growth and tillering nearly normal, older leaves reddish-brown, purple, or orange-yellow 2 partially male sterile 1 Less than 1% Jeffrey Detras IRRI TMat_Meas_d MAT 9 082 IRRI Jeffrey Detras StmElong_Esr_1to9 ELONGATION Narrow 3 9 Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile) 0 No infection observed Julie Pasuquin USpPan_Av_SpPan IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI AwLng_CultMax_0to9 ANL Jeffrey Detras IRRI KneeAb_EstAng_1to9 KNEEING_ABILITY 3 Weak IRRI Julie Pasuquin GYplt_CM_g 3 Short <30 cm StEXT_AM_mgg IRRI Julie Pasuquin LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE Jeffrey Detras LmPPub_Est_UPOV1to9 IRRI IRRI Julie Pasuquin TMatT_CM_d Absent 0 No disease observed 0 Excellent 1 Erect (compact) 1 IRRI Julie Pasuquin DExs_CM_d 9 Drooping 0% of the kernel with chalkiness 0 6-25% (apical and some marginal lesions) 5 5 Whole length SMTwp_CM_mb IRRI Julie Pasuquin 5 40-59% TilProd_Av_TillPlt IRRI Julie Pasuquin All plants dead 9 Very strong 9 late 7 IRRI Julie Pasuquin Exs_MM_cm Tr_LCPro_mmol IRRI Julie Pasuquin 11-30% 3 ApCol_ImmatEst_IRRI1to9 APC Jeffrey Detras IRRI IRRI PanD_Calc_Panm2 Julie Pasuquin Very long >40 mm 9 51-100% 9 Julie Pasuquin GY_CM_gm2 IRRI BB BBDam_EstGH_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CML Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmLng_Av_1to7 No disease observed 1 Julie Pasuquin UFSpPan_CompD_SpPan IRRI 6 9 Leaves turn yellow or orange, more than 75% height reduction, no flowering or some plants dead BPHDam_GH1_0to9 BPH IRRI Jeffrey Detras 7 26-50% 3 Short ~15 cm 9 Very late (all leaves still green at harvest) ShRotInc_Est_0to9 SHEATH_ROT Jeffrey Detras IRRI LEAFFOLDER IRRI LfFolderDam_EstFld_0to9 Jeffrey Detras PANICLE_AXIS PanAxAtt_Est_UPOV1to2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Extra vigorous, very fast growing, most plants with 5-6 leaves and 2 or more tillers 1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LEAF_ANGLE LfAng_Est_RD1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI SCCO PericCol_Exam_1to7IRRI 5 Intermediate (one leaf still green at harvest) 1-2% 1 2 Purple lines 13 090 3 Short IRRI Jeffrey Detras LmPCol_MatEst_IRRI1to11 2-cleft 7 KeelAnth_ImmatEst_0to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI HTOL IRRI Jeffrey Detras HeatSens_Est_0to9 Extra long 9 1 011 11-20% 3 4 080 LfBladGreen_Est_0to3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI BLCO 7 Typical blast lesions infecting 26-50% of the leaf area Stressed 2 CI_LCPro_ppm IRRI Julie Pasuquin PlntHt_Meas_1to9 HT Jeffrey Detras IRRI FLW_DATE IRRI Jeffrey Detras FlwDate_80Flw_Date 9 26-100% BakInc BakInc_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 8 None awnless 0 LmPCol_MatEst_SES1to10 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CIAT ZnCt_Meas_ppm CÈcile Grenier AWCO AwCol_MatEst_IRRI0to6 Jeffrey Detras IRRI ANC StrLmLng_AvShort_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH Jeffrey Detras IRRI LigShp_CultEst_SES0to3 LIGULE_SHAPE 7 50-74% 41-60% 5 IRRI Julie Pasuquin Rs_LCPro_invm 071 6 Long 6.6 to 7.5 mm 3 5 6-25% Jeffrey Detras BApAnth_MatEst_0to7 IRRI IRRI Julie Pasuquin CDMin_IA_mm GrT_MM_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin 0 No lesions observed 9 Tall (lowland: more than 130 cm, upland: more than 125 cm) 8 IRRI PanT_Av_degC Julie Pasuquin All plants apparently dead 9 Julie Pasuquin CwallA_CM_mm2 IRRI 6-25% 5 BLAST Jeffrey Detras LfBlastDam_EstTyp_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras SEEDLING_HEIGHT SeedlHt_Av_cm IRRI Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface) 9 080 7 8 2 Thick > Better than that of elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of the best local floating variety 3 Intermediate ?45? 3 0-19% 9 082 8 0 000 RBugDam_Est_0to9 RICE_BUG_DAMAGE Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfSen_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras LSEN IRRI SEN_CO_1_9 6 071 Medium 5 1 Less than 1% Strong 7 IRRI Julie Pasuquin StASH_AM_mgg Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves discolored or dead 7 BLSCO_ANTH Jeffrey Detras IRRI BLSAnth_Est_1to7 0 Absent CulmA_IA_mm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin 6-12% 3 1 Scabrous LmPColOrn_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 7 Strong Tip drying extended up to 1/4 length in most leaves 3 AwPres_Est_0to9 ANP Jeffrey Detras IRRI 4 IRRI Julie Pasuquin PDMaj_IA_mm 3 Narrow <1 cm 4 9 Poorest elongation, or none, like non-elongating semidwarf e.g. IR42 2 gold 5 Intermediate Obtuse or rounded 3 Moderate (~15%) 5 GLO GlOp_Av_deg Jeffrey Detras IRRI light brown 2 slight yellowing of a few plants 1 IRRI Julie Pasuquin UFSpY_CM_gm2 4 070 Red 7 20-39% LfWdt_Av_1to7 LW Jeffrey Detras IRRI 9 More than 75% of leaf area affected 8 31-60% 7 1 Fringe of hairs 3 Light 1 Less than 1% PhenReac_Est_1to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras FlgLfAng_EarlAv_1to7 FLA Jeffrey Detras IRRI LmPCol_MatEst_UPOV1to6 1 Extra long more than 7.5 mm Clk_Vis_0to5 CIAT CÈcile Grenier Large 9 Intermediate 5 1-5% 3 1 086 8 CulmNo_Av_Culm CMN Jeffrey Detras IRRI Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center 1 5 6-25% few drought symptoms 4 BS IRRI BS_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras Vegetative crown and weak rhizomes 3 Partly sterile 50-74% 5 7 31-60% 1 Absent Round 9 IRRI Julie Pasuquin FGLL FLL_MM_cm FlgLfLng_Av_cm RtV_Win_cm3 IRRI Julie Pasuquin No damage observed 0 5 Strong rhizomes and no tubers very late 9 Long ~35 cm 7 7 26-50% 7 Lesion completely around panicle base or uppermost internode or panicle axis near base with more than 30% of filled grains Absent 1 Straight 1 9 Very strong 100 11 3 1-5% IRRI DhtRecov_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras DRT7_DRY_0_9 2 StLIG_AM_mgg IRRI Julie Pasuquin Partly sterile 50-74% 3 Genetically engineered (transgenic type) 5 Yellow to orange and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with few small tillers 9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI PanAxAtt_Est_SES1to4 PANICLE_AXIS No disease observed 0 7 26-50% pbra IRRI Jeffrey Detras PanBrArr_Est_1or2 PRT IRRI Jeffrey Detras BRiceProtCt_Meas_Pct 51-100% (apical and marginal lesions) 9 3 Weak GrYld_wgh_gplot GrYld_wgh_gplot IRRI Jeffrey Detras 9 51-100% 76-100% 9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_COLOR LigCol_WildEst_0to5 010 1 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 Early (all leaves have lost their green colour at harvest) 3 MaleSter_Comp_1to9 MSTERILE POLLEN_STERILITY Jeffrey Detras IRRI 6 Reddish to light purple PanHill_Av_PanHill IRRI Julie Pasuquin Red apex 5 1-25% 5 medium 5 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 PDef_FldEst_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI P1 acronym 041 1 TDM_CM_gm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin 5 Medium 5 Medium 5.51-6.6 mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_Pct LEAFFOLDER 6 062 4 Red 9 Above 40% covered Lesions on several pedicels or secondary branches 1 Very high (>50%) 9 Julie Pasuquin GrLng_MM_mm IRRI IRRI CaseWormDam_Est_0to8 Jeffrey Detras CASE_WORM_DAMAGE StDM_Av_g IRRI Julie Pasuquin HeadT_50Est_1to7 FLW Jeffrey Detras IRRI HDG 10 091 IRRI LmPCol_ImmatEst_1to13 Jeffrey Detras 011 1 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 0 No disease observed Abortion at uni-nucleate stage of pollen (CMS-WA type) 3 Horizontal 5 brown 3 100GW IRRI HGW Julie Pasuquin FGW_MM_g100gr 010 1 052 4 Jeffrey Detras FlgLfAng_WildAv_1to7 IRRI FLA Jeffrey Detras IRRI PB PBDam_Est_0to9 CulmAng_Est_UPOV1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CMA_CO_1_9 21-40% 3 3 Leaves slightly yellow, plants slightly stunted, flowering slightly delayed DhtInj_EstDry_0to9 DRS_DRY_0_9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Short ~8 mm 3 0 No damage weak 3 Less than 5% 1 1 Glabrous LDWplt_Av_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI CollAnth_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin UfGW_Av_g1000gr IRRI TUfGW IRRI Julie Pasuquin HFSpPct_CM_pct 0-19% 9 9 Almost all plants dead or dying 0-1 highly tolerant 7 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 5 6-25% Partly exserted panicle base is slightly beneath the collar of the flag leaf blade 3 3 080 10% of the kernel with chalkiness 1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras VG PlntVg_VegEst_1to9 7 Strong Purple 9 7 51-75% UfraDam_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras UFRA IRRI EXS PanExs_EstMStrl_1to9 Jeffrey Detras PEX 7 31-60% 3 Semi-erect (intermediate) Pan2ndBr_Est_0to3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras SECONDARY_BRANCHING_OF_PANICLES CulmINodAnth_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 4 9 Less than 11% 062 2 dark brown 4 7 Leaf margins touching forming O-shape 7 Descending Hairs on lemma keel 2 3 Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves discolored Jeffrey Detras PanThr_Est_1to9 IRRI THR_SCOR_1_3 PTH Jeffrey Detras IRRI HojaBlancaSev_VegEst_0to9 HOJA_BLANCA 11-30% height reduction, 3-4leaves ragged/twisted, more vein swelling on leaf collar and some on leafblades and leaf sheaths 7 red 6 2 080 Purple 5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CaryoLng_Av_mm 3 Moderately strong most plants bending LfBlastDam_EstScr_0to9 BLAST Jeffrey Detras IRRI IRRI PnT Jeffrey Detras PanTyp_Est_SES1to3 8 100 Black 3 Weak Very short <5 mm 1 5 medium Vigorous, fast growing, most plants with 4-5 leaves and 1-2 tillers 3 CDef_CM_r IRRI Julie Pasuquin 082 11 HOJA_BLANCA IRRI HojaBlancaSev_ReproEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras GrYld_Comp_kgha GrYld_Comp_kgha Jeffrey Detras IRRI 5 Maximum tiller angle less than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers Gold and gold furrows on straw background 2 IRRI PDWplt_Av_g Julie Pasuquin 8 purple 3 Brown spots on straw 9 51-100% Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile) 9 9 Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves AurCol_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI AC SGr_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI 0 No damage SEEDLING_HEIGHT Jeffrey Detras IRRI SeedlHt_Av_1to7 11-25% 5 Hairs on upper portion 3 2 Alternate No kneeing 9 1 Slight tip drying 7 Drooping 3 11-20% Other 99 070 7 Long 141-155 cm 7 21-30% 5 1 Lesions only on bottom 20% of the plant 9 All plants dead 1-10% 3 Spreading (>60-80 degrees, culms not resting on the ground) 7 9 Easy 51-100% 1 Vegetative crown Jeffrey Detras FREST IRRI FertRest_Comp_1to9 3 Short 71-90 cm 070 5 2 061 Very short <5 mm 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal, healthy 1 7 Abortion at trinucleate stage of pollen (CMS-boro type) 26-40% covered 7 No damage 0 LigShp_Est_1to2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LIGULE_SHAPE 1 Less than 1% 1 Absent 5 Intermediate ~15 mm PNO PanNo_Count_PanPlnt Jeffrey Detras IRRI NUMBER_OF_PANICLES Open ~40 degrees 5 Partially hirsute: hairs covering less than 50% of the ligule 2 GRWT IRRI GRNWT Jeffrey Detras GrnWt_10Wgh_g 2 Scalloped or toothed AmyCt_Meas_Pct AMY Jeffrey Detras IRRI 080 7 1 Truncate attribute SCT Sct_SmellUncook_0to2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 26-50% 7 7 light purple 3 Weak RGSV1 RGSV1Sev_Index_Pct Jeffrey Detras IRRI Cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction type (CMS) 1 Julie Pasuquin PGWC_CM_pct IRRI More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting 5 060 4 CÈcile Grenier AMY AmyCt_NIRS_Pct CIAT OutXExt_Comp_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 6 Nuclear type 1 Less than 1% sensitive 7-9 Horizontal 5 2 3 brown furrows LigLng_Av_mm LIGULE_LENGTH IRRI Jeffrey Detras 4 Emarginate 7 Short 5.5mm or less 1 Absent or very weak All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both 5 1 Less than 1% (apical lesions) 1 acute 7 Loose 26-50% 1 Slender Absent 0 0 No disease observed 0 No injury 4 Brown furrows on straw Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 5 IRRI Julie Pasuquin CulmPP_CM_r THR_SCOR_1_3 PTH Jeffrey Detras IRRI PanThr_Est_1to3 5 Hard <36 mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI SUB SubTol_GHEst_1to9 LfBladAnth_DistEst_1to4 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 080 Purple 3 084 3 3 weak 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal Jeffrey Detras IRRI Clk_Cerv_cerv 0-49% 9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI AwThk_Av_mm ANT 5 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers. 3 Pubescent thick 7 5 75-94% 5 070 4-5% 3 2 Cleft Medium 3 Very weak 1 51-100% 9 3 Some damage/leaf discoloration 1 Enclosed panicle is partly or entirely enclosed within the leaf sheath of the flag leaf blade Descending 7 Julie Pasuquin IRRI TilPlt_Av_TillPlt GelC_Meas_mm GELC Jeffrey Detras IRRI IRRI Julie Pasuquin FLfT_MM_degC No injury 0 21-30% 5 Medium ~25 cm 5 7 Rolling of entire length of all leaves, pronounced yellowing Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves discolored, only a few elongating 5 Low 3 9 26-100% Rice ontology Sterile (95%-98.9%) 5 No disease observed 0 2 Intermediate (stains reddish-blue purple) 6 Intermediate to long 121-140 cm 0-19% 9 AWCO Jeffrey Detras IRRI ANC AwCol_MatEst_UPOV1to9 2 Intermediate 4 7 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. GLhDam_EstFld_0to9 GLH Jeffrey Detras IRRI 2 062 5 11-15% 5 40-69% Less than 1% 1 Rolling of terminal 1/3 area of 1st leaf 1 3 Many: 20-25 tillers/plant Jeffrey Detras KNEEING_ABILITY KneeAb_EstPres_0or1 IRRI Curved 2 Very slight damage 1 055 4 7 Dark Broad 7 Very weak 1 8 6-25% 5 above 50 degrees 1 9 Present 1 Tip only 042 3 9 Unacceptable FL1L_Av_cm IRRI Julie Pasuquin ShBltInc_Est_0to9 IRRI SHB Jeffrey Detras Growth and tillering nearly normal 1 5 Medium 8 51-75% 000 0 Typical blast lesions infection 11-25% of the leaf area 6 2 7 Few: 5-9 tillers/plant 5 Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves whitish and rolled, only a few elongating 7 26-50% 1 060 Completely sterile 0% 1 7 Short 010 1 Very slight damage 1 More than 80% 1 2-cleft 3 061 Light green 2 8 No damage 0 0 None awnless 9 81-100% Jeffrey Detras IRRI BBDam_EstFld1_1to9 BB Green 2 0 000 9 Less than 11% 5 11-25% covered 060 4 51-75% 8 5 Medium 0 Absent 7 More than half of plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted IRRI Jeffrey Detras GRW GrWdt_Av_mm Weak, plants somewhat stunted 7 Short (~30 cm) 3 No damage 0 9 Very few: fewer than 5 tillers/plant 1 straw 1 Completely 100% sterile 3 Highly sterile (99%-99.9%) Jeffrey Detras CMA_CO_1_9 IRRI CulmAng_Est_SES1to9 PithA_IA_mm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI Upper three quarters only 4 1 Very slight injury 056 7 1 Small Intermediate 41-60 mm 3 2 020 Straw Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmNodAnth_PresEst_1to9 IRRI Julie Pasuquin FSD_CM_spk 6 6 Erect 1 IRRI FLsizeR_CM_r Julie Pasuquin 3 Slightly Drooping 5 40-59% 1 Absent Less than 5% 1 IRRI Julie Pasuquin AerA_IA_mm2 tolerant 2-3 0 Absent Julie Pasuquin FSpPan_Av_SpPan IRRI Jeffrey Detras GrLng_Av_mm GRL IRRI 1 Less than 1% 8 IRRI CDMaj_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin 5 light red 4 080 1 Erect LfT_LCPro_degC IRRI Julie Pasuquin 1 Erect 7 Leaves yellow or orange yellow, plants moderately stunted, floweringvery much delayed IRRI GLf_Av_LfPlt Julie Pasuquin 0 Absent (collarless) 0 6-10% 3 084 Purple lines 4 Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying 7 Julie Pasuquin IRRI GY_CMD_gm2 Upper quarter only 2 4 No lesions observed 0 2 050 Sensitive 7-9 3 First and 2nd leaves with orange tips: slight stunting 3 1-3% 2 060 IRRI GY_CM_kgplot Julie Pasuquin ANL AwLng_Av_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras 5 Bold First and 2nd leaves with orange tips, slight stunting 3 0 No symptom observed 2 Thick > GY_CM_kgha IRRI Julie Pasuquin First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 081 4 9 black 7 Poor 9 Pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with numerous small tillers Absent 0 3 Semi-erect (intermediate) 9 Extra long Partly awned 1 7 Purple apex TMat_Meas_1to9 IRRI MAT Jeffrey Detras 11-30% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration 5 medium 5 RICE_DELPHACID RDelphDam_EstGH_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 2 Very long (>80 cm) 9 IRRI Julie Pasuquin TiFlwT_CM_d CanH_Av_cm IRRI Julie Pasuquin 3 50% of the kernel with chalkiness Intermediate most plants moderately bending 5 2 7 20-39% 31-60% 7 0 No injury 2 062 3 60-79% Fair 5 052 4 26-100% 9 light red 5 2 020 0 Leaves healthy Medium 5 51-100% 9 PanLng_MatAv_cm PanL_MM_cm PNL IRRI Jeffrey Detras 3 4-7% ApCol_MatEst_IRRI1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI APC 6-10% 4 1 1-5% 080 Purple 7 5 no drought symptoms 0% covered 1 Very slight damage 1 9 Almost all plants dead or dying 9 61% and above Absent 0 2 Intermediate: 25-50% of grains removed LfBladAnth_PresEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 080 8 11-25% infected panicles 5 2 Heavy Less than 1% 1 083 12 No symptom observed 1 medium 5 Moderately tolerant 4-6 000 0 Half spindle-shaped 3 purple 8 8 060 61-100% 9 6 Red 9 Very weak all plants flat Medium 5 5 13-25% 0 No injury or fewer than 10% of plants have injured tillers Absent 1 DEC_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI PnT PanTyp_Est_UPOV1to9 089 3 11-15% 5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI ColdSens_VegEst_0to9 CTOL Absent 0 All plants dead 9 long 7 Present 9 0 None 1 100% of performance of tolerant check Horizontal 5 5 21-35% 1 Less than 5% pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile 4 1 1-10% 5 1-25% 3 61-80% 3 early Very slight damage/leaf discoloration 1 7 26-50% 7 late Absent 1 9 51-100% 1 Very short <50 cm 6 Purple Narrow or slightly elliptical lesions, 1-2 mm in breadth, more than 3 mm long with a brown margin 5 1 Acute to acuminate 20-39% 7 0 Absent (collarless) 1 Less than 1% 5 053 050 2 black 6 Very weak 1 Strong 7 7 26-50% 1 Pointed brown 3 1 1-10% Very weak 1 5 Leaves green or pale green with mottling and 6% to 25% of height reduction, flowering slightly delayed 3 60-79% 3 1-5% (apical lesions) 1 Straw More than 50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange discoloration 9 4-5% 4 weak 3 7 Strong 4 Short to intermediate 91-105 cm 7 High (~35%) Weak, plants somewhat stunted, most plants with 3-4 leaves and no tillers in thin population 7 Normal, most plants with 4-leaves 5 0 No injury 7 21-50% IRRI CDMaj_Av_mm Julie Pasuquin 7 26-50% 4 Thermo-photoperiod genic type (TPGMS) 7 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted 7 26-50% (apical and marginal lesions) 26-50% 7 Completely 100% sterile 1 Rolling of terminal 1/2 area of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd leaves, yellowing of leaf tips 5 many 5 All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both 5 Long hairs (velvety) 5 5 13-25% Very abundant: more than 25 tillers/plant 1 0 000 5 6-25% 1 very early Strongly drooping 4 Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers 1 9 61% and above 9 very strong 6 3 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with few small tillers. Very long >180 9 Good 3 9 More than 75% leaf area affected 1 above 30% seed set Easy: >50% of grains removed 3 063 7 1 More than 80% spikelets fertile More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting 5 020 Straw 1 030 3 Glabrous (no hairs) 1 7 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 1 Linear(long and slender) 2 085 7 50-74% ORAC_MM_trol IRRI Julie Pasuquin 1-10% 1 6 pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile 5 080 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 5 Present 9 No damage 0 Purple 3 5 084 3 Leaves partially yellow but with no hopperburn 2 084 4 Fertile 75-90% 2 060 7 Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead 7 3 Weak All plants dead 9 060 Green 1 Intermediate 2 0 No injury 3 medium 0 Absent None to few leaves slightly yellow, tillering, height and flowering not affected 1 7 Late (two or more leaves still green at harvest) 9 present 4 red 75-94% 5 2 No injury 0 040 3 2 020 7 Tall >60 cm Medium 5 1 Absent 0 000 5 Leaves yellow, plants moderately stunted, flowering delayed Horizontal 5 weak 3 Acuminate 6 7 Broad >2 cm 2 Hairy or ciliated 1 Glabrous 9 26% and above 5 pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile 9 26-100% entity brown 3 2 Small roundish to slightly elongated, necrotic gray spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter, with a distinct brown margin. Lesions are mostly found on the lower leaves. Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfLng_Av_1to9 LEAF_LENGTH 8 No damage 0 11-30% 5 1 Up to 1/3 of leaf area scraped 0 Absent IRRI Julie Pasuquin SpSter_CM_pct Jeffrey Detras IRRI GRL GrLng_Av_1to7 Soft 81-100 mm 1 0 0% 9 More than 25% 1 Glabrous (smooth-including ciliated margins) 1-10% 1 3 070 Lesion type is the same as in scale 2, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves 3 Leaves pale yellow or yellow and 26-75% of height reduction, floweringdelayed 7 7 Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead Very long >40 mm 9 Extra long 1 4 3 1-5% GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE Jeffrey Detras IRRI GallMidgeDam_EstFld_0to9 IRRI PS_LCPro_umol Julie Pasuquin 2 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 5 Just exserted panicle base coincides with the collar of the flag 5 3 Semi-erect intermediate ~20 degrees 6 1 Shallow leaf folding 7 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted Growth and tillering retarded, many leaves discolored 5 020 Straw 1 11-20% 3 Highly fertile >90% 5 thin 3 1 030 010 1 6 054 11-30% 5 Intermediate (lowland: 110-130 cm, upland: 90-125 cm) 5 0 No incidence Long spindle-shaped 5 3 1-10% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration Hairy on both sides 4 Leaves with pronounced yellowing and some stunting or wilting and 10-25% of plants with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted 5 010 1 Intermediate 106 -120 cm 5 No scraping 0 Broad spindle-shaped lesion with yellow, brown, or purple margin 7 4 081 61-80% 7 Long 7 4 reddish brown 8 0 No injury brown 3 3 Upper half only 8 Purple furrows on straw Less than 5% infected panicles 1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CaryoWdt_Av_mm 10 080 Mostly or generally hirsute: hairs covering more than 50% of the ligule 3 few 1 Growth and tillering severely retarded, about half of all leaves brown or yellow 5 3 First and 2nd leaves yellowing AerTA_IA_mm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin Clustered 3 6 5 purple First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 gold 2 Medium 5 No disease observed 0 First and 2nd leaves yellowing 3 7 26-50% No damage 0 Thermosensitive-genic type (TGMS) 2 1 White Light Green 1 1-3 tolerant 5 31-50% 100% of plants survive 1 2 0 000 2 1 080 Highly sterile (99%-99.9%) 3 9 More than 50% 7 20-29 degrees 0 No visible lesion observed or lesions on only a few pedicels 1 white 000 0 Absent 0 Kernel swollen with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp 4 Subulate or setaceous 2 2 2 012 White 1 6-12% 3 Long ~30 mm 7 Medium 5 070 Red 6 7 High Very slight damage/leaf discoloration 1 0 No disease observed Absent 0 Absent 0 5 10-19.9% seed set purple furrows 5 Best elongation response 1 062 9 41-60% 5 dark purple/black 9 9 More than 30% height reduction, most leaves ragged/twisted, vein swellingcommon on leaf sheaths and leaf blades 5 Intermediate ~15 mm 3 early 5 080 7 36-50% Open 3 5 Normal 1 above 70% Fertile 75-89% 3 70-89% 3 9 51-100% 1 Thin <5 mm Short hairs 4 1-5% 1 moderately tolerant 4-6 Growth and tillering nearly normal, basal leaves slightly discolored 2 3 Short ~8 mm 7 Pale green to yellow and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withnumerous small tillers 3 Triangular (and very small) 3 Some damage/leaf discoloration All plants dead 9 4 7 Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface) 9 5 medium 1 Very short <11 cm 1 Erect <15 degrees 5 Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area 4 080 1 light purple 7 5 One-fourth to 1/2 of all leaves dried 5 Medium No lesions observed 0 020 2 16-25% 6 1 White 8 7 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted 3 Leaves green but with sparse dots or streaks and less than 5% of height reduction 16-25% 6 Acute 5 0 No disease observed Glabrous 1 More than half the plants wilting or with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted 7 Kernel swollen with collar incomplete or narrow, high-intermediate gel temp 3 No symptom observed 1 7 31-60% Less than 1% 1 Hairy on upper surface 2 6 red 3 1-5% Vigorous, fast growing 3 Very low (<1%) 1 Very weak 1 Almost all plants dead or dying 9 3 1-5% Typical blast lesions infection 51-75% of the leaf area and many leaves are dead 8 084 3 052 3 3 042 9 51-100% Kernel swollen, high gel temp (>74C) 2 Maximum tiller angle less than45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers 7 Open ?60? 5 11-20% 7 5 080 7 Strong Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 25% of tillers 3 3 61-80% 3 Purple 9 All plants dead 1 80-100% Lesion on a few primary branches or the middle part of panicle axis 3 Present 1 9 more than 75% No symptoms 0 3 052 Brown (tawny) No symptom observed 1 1 Erect <30? Black 10 6 9 Leaves orange yellow or orange, plants severely stunted, sometimes dead, flowering very much delayed 1-10% 1 5-10% infected panicles 3 9 Very long >40 cm 0 000 7 Long ~30 mm 087 8 Less than 1% 1 Sterile (95%-98.9%) 5 Brown (tawny) 5 Absent 0 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal, reddish-brown spots or orange discoloration on tips of older leaves Medium 5 1 Semidwarf (lowland: less than 110 cm, upland: less than 90 cm) Narrow 3 9 51-100% Straw 2 000 0 6 black Leaves tightly rolled 9 1-3 Tolerant 6 absent or very weak 1 Colour of the lemma and palea Lemma and palea color LmPCol Colour Lemma and palea Calculation - Degree of culm deformation Calculate the ratio of the difference between the major and minor culm diameters to the average culm diameter of the second internode from the base as measured via image analysis Lodging incidence scale CulmStr The stiffness of the culm and its resilience to being bent over Culm Culm strength Strength Time to flowering (from transplanting) Spikelet Time elapsed from date of transplanting to flowering stage DFlwT Time to flowering from transplanting Stem sucrose content Stem StSUC Sucrose content in the stem Sucrose content phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse scale Panicle blast PBSev The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Panicle blast severity Severity Calculation - Culm wall area Calculate culm area minus the pith area apiculus color SES scale Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the anthers when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Use 3-digit scale codes for common scoring system across all colour traits Anther colour examination Colour Colour of the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Basal leaf sheath color Basal leaf sheath BLSCol cm/cm bacterial blight damage scale greenhouse Lodging incidence estimation Observe the proportion of plants that are lodged at harvest Describes the tendency of grains to fall off the panicle before it is threshed Panicle Shattering PanSh Panicle shattering Count number of fully expanded leaves that appeared on representatiove plants from germination to flowering. Take the average number Average - Total leaf number Measure width at the widest portion of the penultimate leaf on the main culm of five representative plants. Calculate average Average leaf width chalkiness 0-5 scale Calculation - Culm porosity Calculate the ratio of pith area to culm area millimeter stem borer deepwater damage scale Gel GelC Describes the consistency of a rice gel formed by grinding, chemically treating, boiling, and cooling a sample of grains. This measures the tendency of cooked rice to harden on cooling, a function of carbohydrate composition Gel consistency Consistency Ufra Incidence Ufra UfraDam The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by the stem nematode Ditylenchus angustus. Symptoms: leaf mottling or chlorotic discoloration in a splash pattern at base of young leaves in stem elongation or mid-tillering stage, brown stains may develop on leaves and sheaths which later intensify to a dark brown color, distortion (twisting and withering) of young leaves, distortion of panicles which either remain enclosed within a swollen sheath, or partially emerge but are twisted and with unfilled grains, or emerge completely but with unfilled grains and resembling a whitehead. FlgLfAng Angle Flag leaf angle Flag leaf The angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis Root RtD Diameter Diameter of a cross-section of the root Root diameter Green leafhopper injury assessment field Observe the damage on the seedlings caused by green leafhopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage cm culm angle SES scale centimeter cubic centimeter Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected Kernel smut incidence estimation RtL Total root length Length Root length Root False smut The type and severity of false smut symptoms caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. Symptoms: Infected grains are transformed into yellow-greenish or greenish-black velvety-looking spore balls. Incidence FSmut False smut Calculation - Tiller number per unit area Calculate from total number of tillers per hill and the area of the hills sampled mm Calculate from total number of panicles per hill and the area of the hills sampled Calculation - Number of panicles per square meter Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of hills per m2 Calculation - Spikelets per hill percent awn presence scale UPOV Count number of elongated internodes starting from the base of the main culm to the neck node Average - Number of elongated internodes Leaf Length LfLng Leaf length Length of penultimate leaf blade Caryopsis length Length Caryopsis The length of the caryopsis, ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling (decorticating) the grain and before milling, commonly known as brown rice CaryoLng Leaf margin pubescence LfMargPub Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the leaf margin Leaf margin Pubescence TUfGW Unfilled grain weight Unfilled spikelets Weight Dry weight of an unfilled spikelet, including the hull Amount of grain (weight) produced per one plant Spikelet Grain yield per plant Weight per plant GYplt kg per ha Threshability Describes the ease with which grains are removed from the panicle during threshing PanThr Panicle Panicle threshability kneeing ability scale SES BRR Dehulled grain after milling Proportion Proportion of brown rice (dehulled grains) obtained from rough rice (hulled grain) Brown rice rate Calculation -Total structural materials Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content from PLS-FTIR analysis Describes the change in colour of lemmas in response phenol Phenol reaction Lemma Lemma phenol reaction PhenReac Calculation - Days to 50% flowering from sowing Calculate the number of days between sowing and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Apiculus shape examination Examine the shape (pointed, curved) of the apiculus Cultivated species: grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action Panicle threshability estimation RD Calculation - Stay-green Take the ratio of number of green leaves at maturity to the number of green leaves at flowering Minor diameter Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath 2nd elongated culm internode Culm minor diameter - 2nd internode CDMin Lodging incidence % Indicate % of plants that lodged millimeter Average - Tiller number per hill Count all tillers of representative hills and take the average per hill Calculate as the ratio of brown rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls removed) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Calculation - Brown rice rate Gel consistency lab measurement Place 0.1g ground rice in a test tube with thymol blue (0.025% in ethanol, 0.2 ml) and KOH (0.2N, 2 ml). Shake the tube to mix contents, boil (8 min), rest (5 min) and then place in an ice-bath (15 min). Lay cooled tubes flat on graph paper for 1 hour, and then measure the distance that the gel travels . Included standards, as the age of the rice, degree of milling and operator skill affect reproducibility: IR48 (85?90 mm), IR32 (72-75 mm) and IR42 (30-32 mm). brown planthopper biotype 2 injury scale Rice tungro disease estimation - greenhouse Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RTungroSev_Est_0to9 after 4 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains FSpProp Proportion Spikelet Filled spikelet proportion Spikelets per panicle Image analysis - Root diameter using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root diameter based on image Winrhyzo analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length. Measure length of representative leaves below the flag leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade. Take the average length Average - Flag leaf-1 length drought scale leaf drying Average - Panicles per hill Count the number of panicles per hill for several hills. Take the average. grams per square meter Calculation - Spikelets half-filled weight on area basis Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis CulmNodAnth Culm node Culm node anthocyanin Anthocyanin content Purplish markings, if any, on nodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content of stem StSTR Non-structural material content Stem Stem total structural materials content The type and severity of bacterial blight symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Symptoms: lesions usually start near the leaf tip or leaf margins or both, and extend down the outer edge(s). Young lesions are pale green to grayish green, later turning yellow to gray (dead) with time. In very susceptible varieties, lesions may extend to the entire leaf length into the leaf sheath Bacterial blight Damage BBDam Bacterial blight damage Ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight Specific area Flag leaf specific area Flag leaf FLSla Leaf sheath Thickness of the leaf sheath surrounding the stem Leaf sheath thickness LfST Thickness Pith major diameter Diameter Diameter of the wider portion of pith PDMaj Pith Leaf total number Leaf Total number of fully expanded leaves produced per plant from germination to flowering Number per plant Lf Averaged Manual measurement - Unfilled spikelet number per panicle Count the number of unfilled spikelets per panicle of representative panicles and then take the average ligule pubescence scale 1 Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice Ligule shape determination - wild Basal leaf sheath color examination 1 Examine the colour of the outside of the basal leaf sheath against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. gall midge injury scale greenhouse mm Spikelet Spikelet fertility The proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains Fertility SpkFer Calculation - Percentage of grain with chalkiness Calculate as the percentage of head milled grains with chalkiness. The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing). Drought estimation leaf drying Estimate the extent to which leaves dry on exposure to drought Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis Calculation - Unfilled spikelets per square meter grassy stunt 1 disease scale drought scale spikelet sterility Tillers per plant Ligule LigLng Length of ligule, defined as distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule Ligule length Length gram Culm internode Purplish markings, if any, on internodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin Anthocyanin content CulmINodAnth Culm internode anthocyanin Pollen sterility calculation Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Fertile pollen grains will be round and well stained, sterile pollen grains will be unstained or partially stained, and withered or round. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the proportion that are sterile Udbatta disease Udbatta disease UDInc Incidence The type and severity of udbatta disease symptoms caused by Balansia oryzae-sativae (Ephelis oryzae). Symptoms: a white mycelial mat ties the panicle branches together so that they emerge as single, small, cylindrical rods. Compute the average diameter of the basal portion of the main culm on three representative plants Average culm diameter Image analysis - Culm wall thickness View cross-sectioned sample of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the thickness of the wall of the cross-sectioned culm PDef Phosphorus deficiency The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of phosphorus in the growing medium Damage Phosphorus deficiency damage Time to initial flowering (from sowing) DiFlwS Spikelet Time to initial flowering from sowing Time elapsed from date of sowing to initial flowering stage mature lemma and palea color scale SES Auricle color examination Examine the colour of the auricles against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Estimate the propotion of tillers that are infected Stem rot incidence estimation Caseworm Case worm damage The extent of plant damage caused by caseworm (Nymphula depunctalis). Symptoms: only the papery upper epidermis of the leaf remains after larvae have fed on the internal leaf tissue CaseWormDam Damage The degree of male (pollen) sterility MaleSter Sterility Male pollen Pollen sterility Spikelet sterility calculation Bag two primary panicles of at least 50 plants with glassine bags before their anthesis begins to prevent cross pollination. At maturity, count the filled (fertile) and unfilled (sterile) spikelets of the bagged panicles, calculate the proportion that are sterile Stem Protein content Protein content in the stem StPRO Stem protein content Thrips damage assessment Estimate the severity of damage caused by thrips millimeter In a field test, observe the proportion of infected tillers. For the field test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, more than 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should be affected with not less than 15% silver shoot Gall midge injury assessment field FLpSla Ratio of pooled flag leaf area to pooled flag leaf dry mass Specific area Specific area of flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 No scale name found percent Calculation - Grain filling rate About 2 weeks after flowering, measure grain weight twice at a week interval. Then, compute the grain filling rate by dividing the difference in weight by the time interval. Eg grain weight at 21 days after flowering minus grain weight at 15 days after flowering divided by six days Culm wall CwallT Distance between the perimeter of the hollow pith and the epidermis Culm wall thickness Width pericarp colour UPOV scale Seedling height Height SeedlHt Seedling Height of seedlings, measured from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade percent Calculation - Filled spikelet per square meter Calculate from the filled grain weight and number of filled grains on an area basis leaf senescence harvest scale Caryopsis length UPOV scale Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Sterile lemma color examination cult Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath Stem diameter - 2nd internode 2nd elongated stem internode StemD Diameter degree Celsius Measure the average length of the sterile lemmas of five spikelets. If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet differ in length, measure only the shorter one. Average sterile lemma length - shorter thrips damage scale Calculation - Culm diameter from image analysis Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters measured by image analysis Take the ratio of the pooled flag leaf area and the pooled flag leaf oven dry weight Calculation - Specific leaf area of pooled flag leaf No scale name found The ability of the stem to elongate as flood water rises and thus to keep the topmost leaves above water level StmElong Stem elongation Stem Elongation Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence Observe the presence and intensity of any purplish colour that can be attributed to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath millimeter spikelet fertility scale SES percent Press spikelets between fingers to check which have filled grains inside. Test five representative panicles to estimate the percentage of spikelets that are filled score Spikelet fertility score Stem borer whitehead damage assessment Near grain maturity, observe the proportion of panicles that have whiteheads. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 10% of panicles with whiteheads Take the number of half-filled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100 Calculation - Half-filled spikelet percentage Thickness Awn AwThk Thickness of awns Awn thickness lemma and palea pubescence scale IRRI Calculation - Unfilled spikelet per panicle Calculate from the unfilled spikelet density and the panicles density Field evaluation: estimate the proportion of plants that survive submergence after floodwater recedes. Record the duration of submergence Submergence survival assessment Fertility restoration evaluation Step 1 (pollen fertility: see pollen sterility score): Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the percentage that are fertile, and score. Step 2 (spikelet fertility): count the number of filled grains andtotal spikelets per panicle and convert into percentage fertile. Score the combination of pollen fertility with spikelet fertility Calculate as length times the width of the uppermost leaf on the main culm, multiplied by a constant (0.725) Calculation - Flag leaf area basal leaf sheath anthocyanin scale ApCol Apiculus color Color of the apiculus of the lemma Colour Apiculus of lemma LfBladAnth Leaf blade Leaf blade anthocyanin Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade Anthocyanin content Estimate the type and severity of symptoms Ragged stunt disease estimation mg g-1 dry matter mm/mm Collect 5-10 blooming florets of a male sterile line from different plants and measure the average angle of the opening between glumes (viz., lemma and palea) Glume opening angle Observe the extent to which grains have shattered from the panicle before being threshed Panicle shattering estimation Spikelet Weight GrnWt Grain weight The weight of a whole grain including the hull Count number of green leaves on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average number Average - Green leaf number Code BLS Damage Bacterial leaf streak damage The type and severity of bacterial leaf streak symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. Symptoms: linear lesions with small bacterial exudates Bacterial leaf streak bacterial blight damage scale field Measure weight of filled grains from primary and secondary panicles harvested on one plant. Repeat measurement on representative plants. Take the average Average - Grain yield per plant Calculation - Milled rice rate Calculate as the ratio of milled rice weight to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 kilogram per hectare Lemma phenol reaction Place hulls from 10 grains into a petri dish of 5 cm diameter, add 5 ml of 1.5% phenol solution, cover the petri dish, and keep at room temperature for 1 day. Observe the intensity of the reaction of the phnol on the lemmas Stomatal resistance Rs Stomata Water vapor resistance Inverse of stomatal conductance Anthocyanin content ColeoAnth Coleoptile Purple pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the coleoptile Coleoptile anthocyanin udbatta disease incidence scale Flag leaf-1 specific leaf area FL1Sla Ratio of area to dry weight of the leaf below the flag leaf Flag leaf-1 Specific area Iron toxicity injury IronInj Injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high (toxic) iron content in the growing medium Iron toxicity Count only the number of panicles with lesions covering completely around the node, neck or lower part of the panicle axis (symptom type 7-9), and estimate their percentage Panicle blast incidence Observe growth in saline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores. Salt injury assessment ligule shape scale cult SES Panicle type, defined by the orientation of primary branches PanTyp Panicle type Panicle Type The type and severity of yellow dwarf symptoms caused by a mycoplasma. Symptoms: pale yellow, droopy leaves, excessive tillering and stunting Yellow dwarf Yellow dwarf YellowDwarfSev Severity Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Grassy stunt 1 disease index gram Tillering scale Number per panicle Half-filled spikelet Half-filled spikelets per panicle HFSpPan Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per panicle millimeter protein content Brown rice protein content Dehulled grain The concentration of protein in brown (dehulled) rice BRiceProtCt g per plot Incidence Bakanae disease Bakanae disease BakInc In of bakanae disease symptoms caused by Gibberella fujikuroi. Symptoms: the plant elongates abnormally, has few tillers, and usually dies before producing grains Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice Ligule shape determination - cultivated Anthocyanin content Basal leaf sheath BLSAnth Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Culm node anthocyanin presence Estimate the presence/absence of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm. culm diameter scale UPOV Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Flag leaf angle estimation cult early Straw StDM Straw dry matter per plant Weight per plant Dry weight of stems and leaves per plant Rate of water loss from the leaf Tr Transpiration rate Leaf Transpiration rate Flag leaf chlorophyll content FLCC Chlorophyll content in the uppermost leaf of the main culm Chlorophyll content Flag leaf PDWplt Panicle dry weight per plant Panicle dry weight per plant Panicle Weight per plant scale_of Calculation - Total dry matter per plant Take the total dry weight of stems, leaves and panicles per plant pericarp colour IRRI scale leaf folder injury scale field Image analysis - Root surface area using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root surface area based on image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length. Surface area is calculated from root diameter and length assuming the root has a round cross-section. percent glume opening scale Spikelets per panicle If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm internode underlying colour examination Seedling cold injury Observe the vigor, leaf colour and damage to seedlings grown at 10 degrees C Take ratio of grain length to grain width Calculation - Grain length to width ratio HdR Describes how much of a sample of milled rice comprises whole rather than broken kernels. Head rice is defined as kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels Head rice Head rice Proportion An overall description of the vigour of plant growth, combining several components such as number of tillers, plant height, number of leaves, canopy density PlntVg Vigor Plant Vigor Colour Anther colour Colour of anther Anther AnCo Area of the leaf below the flag leaf FL1A Flag leaf-1 area Flag leaf-1 Area Remove leaf sheath and measure narrower width of the second elongated internode from the base and take the average Average - Minor culm diameter LmPColOrn Lemma and palea color ornementation Lemma and palea Colour ornamentation of the lemma and palea. It characterizes the colours present only on parts of the lemma and palea Colour ornementation Anther length AnLt Length Anther length Anther Total dry matter per plant TDMplt Weight per plant Aboveground dry matter Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per plant HojaBlancaSev Hoja blanca The type and severity of hoja blanca disease symptoms caused by rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV) causing hoja blanca. Symptoms: cream colored to yellow spots, elongating and coalescing fo form longitudinal yellowish green to pale green striations. Streaks may coalesce to cover the whole leaf. Brown and sterile glumes with typical parrot beak shape of deformation Hoja blanca disease Severity An overall assessment of phenotypic acceptability of the grains for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets PhenAcc Phenotypic Acceptability Phenotypic Acceptability Grain Sterile lemma length Length of sterile lemmas StrLmLng Length Sterile lemma Culm Culm porosity Porosity Ratio of pith area to culm area CulmP GLf Green leaf Number per plant Number of green leaves on the main culm Green leaf number panicle length UPOV scale Zinc content in polished grain Zinc content in grain Milled polished grain Zinc content Position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base Angle Leaf angle Leaf LfAng Green leafhopper damage Damage GLhDam Green leafhopper The extent of damage caused by green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix cincticeps). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. Examine the colour of the keel of mature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Keel anthocyanin mature examination % culm internode anthocyanin presence scale Take representative panicles, measure temperature near panicle surface with an infrared gun and take the average Average - Panicle temperature Leaf scald damage estimation Estimate the proportion and distribution of leaf area diseased Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea before the grain ripens. Immature lemma and palea colour ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) leaf blade pubescence scale UPOV Average - Pooled oven dry weight Pool representative flag leaves and leaves below the flag leaf and oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average Spikelets per panicle grassy stunt 2 disease scale ligule shape scale wild Stem aerenchyma Aerenchyma area Area of an air space in a cross-section of the culm AerA Area Dry aboveground plant parts, excluding panicles. Weigh and take the average weight per plant Average - Straw yield awn color scale anthesis UPOV Cross-sectional area of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath Area Culm area Culm CulmA fertility restoration scale gall midge injury scale field seedling cold injury scale Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis Calculation - Spikelets unfilled weight on area basis Brown planthopper damage Damage Brown planthopper The extent of damage caused by brown planthopper (Nilparvata lugens). Symptoms: Partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy BPHDam Stem Stem total lignin content Total lignin content in the stem Lignin content StLIG Proportion Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are unfilled Unfilled spikelets proportion UFSpPct Unfilled spikelet Leaf blast Leaf blast damage LfBlastDam The type and severity of leaf blast symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms are necrotic lesions on the leaves, in severe cases leading to leaf death Damage Take the ratio of leaf area to leaf dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf Calculation - Flag leaf -1 specific leaf area Peduncle PedL Length Length of the stalk bearing the panicle Peduncle length False smut incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected Heat injury Heat HeatSens Sensitivity The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high temperature. The key period of sensitivity is during flowering mm Take the ratio of flag leaf area to area of the leaf below the flag leaf Calculation - Relative flag leaf size % A broad classification of the type of endosperm based on the presence or absence of amylose Endosperm Type EndoType Endosperm type square centimeter Measure the distance between the second and third nodes, counting from the base of the main culm. Repeat measurement on other representative plant. Take the average Average - Length of second internode Average panicle length - mature Measure the length of main axis of the mature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average Udbatta disease incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected Sterile spikelet Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain unfilled grains Proportion SpkSter Spikelet sterility Distribution Awn distribution Awn The proportion and distribution of awned spikelets on a panicle AwDist grain discoloration incidence scale The extend to which grains elongate during cooking. High elongation is typical of basmati types of rice Grain elongation Grain GrElong Elongation Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which first flush of flowering heads appear First heading date observation The extent of leaf damage caused by leaffolder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis or Marasmia patnalis). Symptoms: Larvae consume the leaf tissue except the epidermis, causing typical white streaks. They create a leaf tube during later stages of feeding Damage LfFolderDam Leaffolder Leaffolder damage Panicle PanNo Number of panicles per plant Number per plant Panicle number per plant Calculate the number of days between transplanting and initial flowering dates Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom transplanting Take yield expressed on an area basis and multiply with plot size Calculation - Grain yield per plot Sensed aroma cooked Cook freshly harvested grains and smell the aroma Rhizome and stolon formation Describes the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers in the mature plant Rhizome/stolon RhyzForm Formation Pan2ndBr Spikelet on secondary branch of panicle The abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle Secondary panicle branching Pattern Anthocyanin below apiculus examination immature Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of immature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Apiculus shape Shape of the apiculus of the lemma Shape Apiculus of lemma ApSh Calculation - Total aerenchyma area Take the average stem aerenchyma area and multiply by the stem aerenchyma number RtV Root Volume Root volume Total volume of root system Panicle PanT Panicle temperature Temperature Panicle surface temperature Calculation - Pith diameter Calculate the average of major and minor pith diameters of the second internode from the base Leaffolder unadjusted injury rating In a greenhouse test where NT leaves have been scored using the single leaf injury score, calculate the injury rating R = (N1 + 2xN2 + 3xN3)x100% / (NTx3), where N1-N3 are the number of leaves with score 1-3 leaf length scale Awn distribution observation Observe the distribution of awned spikelets along a panicle Dehull and mill (polish) a sample of grains (paddy). Weigh the whole sample of polished rice, including both whole and broken kernels. Measure the length of 10 randomly selected whole kernels and compute the average. Head rice are all the kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels. Separate and weigh the head rice, and calculate the proportion of head rice out of the total weight of polished rice Head rice proportion cm Exsertion Panicle Panicle exsertion PanExs Extent to which the panicle is exserted above (i.e. protrudes from), as opposed to being enclosed within, the flag leaf sheath Examine the colour of the pericarp against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Pericarp colour examination Collar color CollCol Colour of the leaf collar Collar Colour Leaf folder injury assessment field Use an augmented experimental design, with a susceptible and resistant check (if available) after every 10 test entries. Replicate test entries three times if seed is available. Observe the proportion of plants with injured and folded leaves. The susceptible check should average at least 40% to accept the test as a measure of resistance Calculate from the number of filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 Calculation - Filled spikelet per panicle Total porosity ratio Specific porosity Culm Culm specific porosity CulmSP Ratio of aerenchyma area to cortex area Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea after harvest. Mature lemma and palea color panicle threshability scale SES Tillers per m2 culm internode underlying colour scale Grain length Length of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea Length Spikelet GrLng Damage Bird damage BirdDam Bird The extent of damage caused by birds. Oven dry representative stems at 70degC to constant weight. Weigh and take the average stem weight Average - Stem dry weight bacterial leaf streak damage scale Visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering Ligule color estimation leaf blade anthocyanin presence scale leaf angle scale mature lemma and palea color scale IRRI Number Unfilled spikelet Unfilled spikelets per panicle USpPan Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per panicle Tiller Number per area Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per unit area TilD Tiller density day Rice tungro disease estimation Estimate the stunting and discoloration Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) NRGQASC - Grain thickness Case worm damage assessment Estimate the % of leaf area that have been scraped by case worms brown planthopper biotype 3 injury scale Describes how soon leaves senesce Leaf LfSen Leaf senescence Senescence Leaf temperature LfT Leaf Temperature Leaf surface temperature Area CwallA Culm wall area Area of the culm wall Culm wall centimeter Estimate the relative lesion height, as the average height above the soil of the uppermost lesion on a leaf blade or leaf sheath expressed as a percentage of the average plant height. Sheath blight relative height estimation View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the narrower portion of the culm Image analysis - Minor culm diameter Culm angle estimation Estimate by eye the average angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration Grassy stunt 2 disease estimation Spikelet Dry weight of unfilled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis UFSpY Weight per area Unfilled spikelets weight per area Flowering cold injury Observe effects on spikelet fertility, heading and growth of plants grown at 17-18 degrees during flowering immature apiculus anthocyanin scale parts per million Capcaity of the plant to extract water from the soil Plant Water extraction capacity SMTwp Water extraction capacity Length of the second internode from the base Length Int2L Second internode length 2nd elongated culm internode yellow stem borer deadheart damage scale immature lemma and palea colour scale Stem aerenchyma Width of air spaces in the culm Aerenchyma diameter AerD Diameter PericCol Colour of the pericarp Pericarp Colour Pericarp colour basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence scale grams per square meter Predict lignin content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Lignin content Take the number of reproductive tillers and divide by the total number of tillers Calculation - Tiller fertility mm YellowMottleSev Severity Yellow mottle The type and severity of yellow mottle disease symptoms caused by rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV). Symptoms: stunting, reduced tillering, mottling and yellowing streaking of the leaves, delayed flowering or incomplete emergence of the panicles, in extreme cases, death of plants Yellow mottle disease HSpD Half-filled spikelet Number Half-filled spikelet densty Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per unit area Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the stigmata when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare the colour against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Stigma color examination Calculation - Culm diameter Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters Pith Diameter of the hollow portion of the culm PithD Diameter Pith diameter Submergence relative survival assessment Greenhouse screening: divide the % of plants that survive submergence by the survival of the tolerant control variety e.g. FR13A, and express as a percentage Calculate as the ratio of soil oven-dried weight to soil fresh weight at wilting point. Calculation - Soil moisture content at wilting point millimeter Chalkiness Clk Describes the extent to which milled (polished, white) rice appears to be a chalky white colour as opposed to translucent white. The chalky appearance arises from the incomplete development of starch grains in the endosperm, which leaves tiny air pockets between starch granules and results in weak grains Endosperm Chalkiness of endosperm Coleoptile anthocyanin evaluation Place non-dormant grains on moistened filter paper and cover with a petri-dish lid during germination. After the coleoptiles have reached a length of about 5 mm in darkness, place them in artificial light (daylight equivalent) at 750-1250 lux continuously for 3 to 4 days, at a temperature of 25 to 30 degrees Centigrade. Observe colour when the coleoptile is fully with first leaf just emerging (about 6 to 7 days) auricle color scale StemBorer Damage Stem borer The extent of damage caused by stem borers, which include Chilo suppressalis (striped), C. polychrysus (dark headed), Rupela albinella (South American white), Scirpophaga incertulas (yellow), S innotata (white), Sesamia inferens (pink), Maliarpha separatella (African whiteheads), Diopsis macrophthalma (Stalked-eyed fly), and several other species Stem borer damage day case worm damage scale Grain thickness GrThk Spikelet Thickness Thickness of grain with hull Estimate the proportion of tillers that show visible symptoms of infection Ufra incidence estimation gram per plant Wild species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of five representative plants Average culm diameter - wild species Weight FGW Filled grain weight The weight of a spikelet that is filled with a grain Filled spikelet Zinc content - XRF fluorescence analyser Use standard laboratory procedure (XRF- Fluorescence Analyzer) to determine the zinc content in a sample of polished grain. The recommended sample size is 10g. Estimate the ability of stems to elongate based on comparison with check varieties. Specify water depth under which the data was recorded Stem elongation estimation The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of zinc in the growing medium Injury Zinc deficiency ZnDefInj Zinc deficiency injury millimeter Dry weight Flag leaf Dry weight of the uppermost leaf on the main culm Flag leaf dry weight FLDw gram Scent Describes the aroma of rice grains Scent Sct Caryopsis Spikelets per panicle degree Celsius Awn Awn color Colour AwCol Colour of the awns, if present lemma and palea pubescence scale UPOV millimeter Estimate the tiller angle at the point of kneeing Kneeing ability estimation SES anthocyanin below apiculus scale immature Derive from the soil moisture retention (pF) curve using the soil moisture content at wilting point. Calculation - Soil moisture tension at wilting point Tillers per hill Spikelet Spikelets per hill SpHill Total number of spikelets per hill Number per hill lemma phenol reaction scale Calculation - Total culm porosity Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area and pith area to the culm area Antioxydant activity Oxygen radical absorbance capacity ORAC Antioxidant activity of leaf extracts Leaf Average culm length Measure distance from soil surface to base of panicle on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average mm RTungroSev The type and severity of tungro symptoms caused by the Rice tungro virus bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). Symptoms: yellow to yellow orange leaves, stunting and slightly reduced tillering Rice tungro disease Severity Rice tungro Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground Culm strength estimation - RD Calculation - Filled spikelet percentage Take the number of filled spikelets and divide by the total number of spikelets per panicle, multiply by 100 The extent of plant damage caused by gall midge (Orseolia oryzae). Symptoms: light-colored tubular galls resembling an onion leaf on the youngest leaf of the shoot in a tiller. Gall midge damage Gall midge GallMidgeDam Damage grams per day Analytical measurement - Total stem extractives content Predict total stem extractives content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra leaf scald damage scale Count the number of florets that have completed anthesis on a given day and the number of those florets that have exserted stigma on one or both sides of the floret. Calculate the proportion of florets with exserted stigma Stigma exsertion calculation Assess pubescence (hairiness) of the ligules under a hand lens. Ligule pubescence estimation % of plants that lodged Amylose content - NIRS Take a milled rice NIR spectrum and predict the amylose content using chemiometrics. Culm strength estimation - SES Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground at intervals from harvest to maturity Dry weight of a half-filled spikelet, including the hull THfGW Weight Half-filled grain weight Half-filled spikelets Calculate as the sum of filled, half-filled and unfilled spikelets per area Calculation - Spikelets per square meter rice delphacid injury scale greenhouse length to width ratio PanD Number Panicle Panicle density Number of panicles per unit area Elongated internode number Number of elongated internodes on the culm Culm internode EInt Number Yellow dwarf disease assessment Estimate the type and severity of symptoms on secondary growth after cutting at the base flowering heat injury scale Correct the oven-dried grain yield to 14% moisture content Calculation -grain yield correction to 14% moisture content millimeter Awn color examination immature Examine the colour of the awns after anthesis against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. mol H2O m-2 s-1 Manual measurement - ORAC assay Take leaf sap from youngest fully expanded leaves, trolox equivalent of samples obtained by regression equation with trolox standard Panicle blast damage estimation Observe the damage to panicles number of tillers Estimate the extent of leaf rolling on exposure to drought Drought estimation leaf rolling centimeter Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice Ligule shape determination awn color scale immature SES brown planthopper biotype 1 injury scale Panicle type assessment Estimate the orientation of primary branches on representative panicles by comparing them with a diagram of the categories or with photographs of the reference variety for each category rice whorl maggot damage scale Measure the ratio of the length of cooked to uncooked polished (white) rice grains Grain elongation ratio Panicle axis attitude PanAxAtt The attitude of the main axis of the panicle, which ranges from straight upright to droopy Panicle axis Attitude Apiculus anthocyanin Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of the lemma Apiculus of lemma Anthocyanin content ApAnth Stem rot Stem rot The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by Magnaporthe salvinii (Nakatea sigmoidea, Sclerotium oryzae) and Helminthosporium sigmoideum var. irregulare. Symptoms: dark lesions develop on the stems near the water line. Small, dark bodies (sclerotia) develop, weaken the stem and cause lodging. Incidence StmRotInc culm diameter scale wild Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade Pubescence Leaf blade pubescence LfBladPub Leaf blade FLpDw Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Dry weight Pooled dry weight of the flag leaf and the leaf below it Dry weight of flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Analytical measurement - Cell wall carbohydrate composition Predict cell wall carbohydrate composition using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Sheath rot Sheath rot ShRotInc Incidence The type and severity of sheath rot symptoms caused by Soracladium oryzae. Symptoms: oblong or irregular brown to grey lesions on the leaf sheath near panicle, sometimes coalescing to prevent emergence of panicle. SdDate Date of effective seeding, ie the date when seeds were first moistened This may be the date of soaking for pre-soaked seed, or the date of sowing for dry seed sown onto a wet seedbed, or the date when rain or other moisture becomes available to seed sown dry on a dry seedbed seeding date Seeding date Plant Anther length measurement Measure five anthers exposed at anthesis and calculate their average Assess the type of lesion and the proportion of leaf area affected by leaf blast. Entries with scores 4-9 may also have lesions of scale 1 or 2. In cases where the lesion develops only on the collar, joint of the leaf sheath and the leaf blade, causing the leaf blade to drop off, a scale unit of 4 is to be given. Leaf blast damage estimation Calculation - Grain yield from plant density Take yield per plant and multiply with plants density Flag leaf relative size Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Relative size FLsizeR Size (area) of the flag leaf relative to the size (ie area) of the leaf below it Arrangement Panicle branch arrangement Panicle branch The arrangement of primary branches on the panicle axis, grouped into whorls or individually on alternate sides PanBrArr SGr Proportion Green leaf Stay-green Proportion of leaves that stayed green until the maturity stage leaf blast damage scale grams per square meter Temperature at which the starch in endosperm gelatinizes, one of the key indicators of cooking quality Gelatinization temperature Milled caryopsis GelTemp Gelatinization temperature Panicle basal branch Panicle basal branch number Number of primary branches on the basal whorl of the panicle PanN Number secondary panicle branching scale GY Yield Spikelet Amount of grain (weight) produced per area Grain yield Thrip damage Thrip ThripDam The extent of damage caused by thrips (Stenchaetothrips biformis) Damage Colour of internodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings Culm internode underlying colour CulmINodUnderCol Culm internode Underlying colour Caryopsis shape UPOV Observe the shape of the caryopsis in lateral view Kernel smut The type and severity of kernel smut symptoms caused by Tilletia barclayana causing kernel smut. KSmut Incidence Kernel smut square millimeter PanHill Panicles per hill Number per hill Panicle Number of panicles per hill Seed germination 1 Estimate the proportion of germinated seeds Aerenchyma vegetative vigor scale SpD Spikelet Total number of spikelets per unit area Number per area Spikelets density The extent to which the glumes (i.e. the lemma and palea) of a floret open during blooming Glume opening GlOp Glume Opening gram per plant gel consistency scale Panicle Length of panicle defined as the distance from the base to the tip of the panicle when the main axis of the panicle is held straight Length Panicle length PanLng Flag leaf angle estimation cult late Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves phosphorus deficiency tillering field scale Root surface area RtA Total surface area of root system Root Surface area Calculation - Spikelets per panicle Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 (= SPM2/PANM2) stem borer whitehead damage scale Predict sucrose content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Sucrose content gram grams per square meter Phenotypic acceptability estimation Before starting to score phenotypic acceptability, define what is excellent, good ... unacceptable grain for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets, and then score the phenotypic acceptability of mature grain View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the narrower portion of the culm pith Image analysis - Minor pith diameter AwPres Presence of awns Awn presence Awn Presence stem elongation scale Specific porosity ratio GrWdt Width of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point Spikelet Grain width Width Examine pollen grains under a microscrope and estimate the proportion that are sterile Male sterility estimation Injury Alkali Alkali injury AlkInj The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in alkaline soils Spikelet Half-filled spikelet weight per area Dry weight of half-filled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis Weight per area HFSpY Diameter of the narrower portion of pith Pith minor diameter Diameter Pith PDMin mg g-1 dry matter percent mg g-1 dry matter Number per panicle Filled spikelet Number of spikelets with a filled grain per panicle Filled spikelets per panicle FSpPan mg g-1 dry matter Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) NRGQASC - Grain width Stem dry weight Mass Total dry weight of stem and sheath per plant SDWplt Stem Estimate the proportion of tillers that are diseased Sheath rot incidence estimation cm HI Ratio of grain yield to total aboveground biomass Plant Harvest index Biomass partionning Manual measurement - Gas exchange leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Estimate the penultimate leaf blade for distribution of any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade. Leaf blade anthocyanin distribution Outcrossing calculation Grow the male sterile line in the field, ensuring an abundant supply of pollen from other plants while it is flowering. Calculate the proportion of seed set on the out-pollinated primary panicles Auricle color Colour Color of the auricle Auricle AurCol PanAxText Panicle axis Texture of the main axis of the panicle Panicle axis texture Texture Outcrossing extent Plant Outcrossing extent Describes the extent of outcrossing of male sterile lines OutXExt Observe the attitude of the main axis of the panicle Panicle axis observation Panicles per hill g per 1000 spikelets Keel anthocyanin immature examination Examine the colour of the keel of immature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin In a field test, grow each line under two conditions: without P fertilizer (low P) and with 25kg P/ha fertilizer (standard P). Estimate the number of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P Phosphorus deficiency tillering field Estimate the type and severity of damage to leaves Bacterial leaf streak damage estimation Observe effects on vigour and leaf colour of plants grown at 17-18 degrees C before flowering Vegetative cold injury sensed aroma cooked scale Examine the colour of the apiculus of immature lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references Immature apiculus color examination Estimate the earliness of the heading in plots, defining time of heading as the date when 50% of plants have panicles halfway emerged Time of 50% heading estimation Leaf blast damage type Assess the type of lesion Brown planthopper biotype 2 injury assessment Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 2 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Ratio of aerenchyma and pith area to culm area Total porosity Culm total porosity Culm CulmTP Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh. Weighing - filled grain weight Panicles per plant Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Green leafhopper injury assessment greenhouse g Average - Tiller number per plant Count all tillers arising from representative plants and compute the average Yellow stem borer deadheart damage assessment At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart caused by Scirpophaga incertulas. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart mature lemma and palea color scale UPOV StgExers Stigma exsertion Describes the tendency of stigmas to be exserted on one or both sides of the florets Exsertion Stigma mg g-1 dry matter USpD Unfilled spikelet Unfilled spikelets density Number per area Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per unit area ligule margin shape scale Drought estimation spikelet sterility Estimate the proportion of spikelet fertility after exposure to drought Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure photosynthetic rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Gas exchange photosynthetic rate in SITIS platform gram Examine the colour of the apiculus of maturing lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references Mature apiculus color examination Stem minor diameter - 2nd internode Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath 2nd elongated stem internode Minor diameter SDMin Colour of the sterile lemmas StrLmCol Sterile lemma color Sterile lemma Colour Rice delphacid injury assessment field Observe the damages on plants caused by rice delphacid. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Analytical measurement - Ash content Predict ash content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Measure distance between the base of the flag leaf and the panicle neck node, there is positive exertion if the panicle base is above the flag leaf base and a negative exsertion if otherwise. Manual measurement - Panicle exsertion Severity The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 2 virus (RGSV2). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, yellow to orange and narrow leaves with small rusty spots Grassy stunt 2 Grassy stunt 2 disease RGSV2Sev Calculation - Days to physiological maturity from sowing Calculate the number of days between sowing and physiological maturity (i.e. when the grain is hard and ready for harvest) millimolar trolox equivalent SubTol Submergence The ability of plants to survive a period of submergence Submergence tolerance Tolerance Grain width UPOV estimation Measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point mg g-1 dry matter Calculate the number of days between emergence and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Calculation - Days to flowering from emergence Cultivated species: take a random sample of 100 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance 100 grain weight measurement abortion pattern scale Estimate the % leaf area diseased Brown spot damage estimation Sensitivity Cold tolerance ColdSens Cold Ability of a plant to grow and develop normally under cold conditions. Key periods of sensitivity are during seedling growth, tillering, and flowering Calculation - Stomatal resistance Take inverse of stomatal conductance Time to maturity (from sowing) Time elapsed from date of sowing to physiological maturity stage Time to maturity from sowing DMatS Spikelet Drought recovery estimation 10 days after soaking rain or watering ends a period of drought, estimate the % of plants that recover. Indicate the degree of drought stress before watering Bacterial blight damage estimation greenhouse Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a greenhouse test Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) NRGQASC - Grain length Longest awn length Cultivated species: measure the length of the longest awn Endosperm type scale Immature apiculus anthocyanin examination Examine the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of immature lemmas Use standard laboratory procedure to measure the protein content of brown rice grains at 14% moisture content Brown rice protein content FerTil Proportion of reproductive tillers Proportion Fertile tiller Tiller fertility Total number of spikelets per panicle SpPan Spikelet Spikelets per panicle Number per panicle Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure transpiration rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Gas exchange transpiration rate in SITIS platform Culm node underlying colour CulmNodUndCol Culm node Colour of nodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings Underlying colour Collar anthocyanin presence Observe the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the collars Brown planthopper injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of brown planthoppers and observe the damage on the seedlings bird damage incidence scale grams per square meter % leaffolder injury scale greenhouse Caryopsis Caryopsis width Width The width of the caryopsis at its widest point at right angles to its length (ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling the grain and before milling) CaryoWdt View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the diameter of the air space in the culm Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma diameter Calculation - Flag leaf -1 area Calculate as length times the width of the leaf below the flag leaf, multiplied by a constant (0.725) Observe plant growth and rate level of drought symptoms Estimation - overall drought symptoms Pollen Abortion pattern Abortion pattern AP Describes the stage at which pollen grains abort in male sterile lines. Number per plant Tiller TilHill Tiller number per hill Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per hill Estimate by observing all leaves below the flag leaf for their retention of greenness when the grains are ready for harvesting Leaf senescence harvest estimation alkali digestion scale Estimate presence/absence of knees after flowering in conditions where culms have fallen flat due to receding water flow. Kneeing ability presence cm2 cm-2 Seed germination Seed SdGerm The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis. Germination immature apiculus color UPOV scale Number of air spaces in the culm Aerenchyma number Number Stem aerenchyma AerN Record the actual grain yield grain harvested on a plot. AYLD_CONT method sheath rot incidence scale Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm internode anthocyanin examination Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the length of ten caryopses and calculate the average Caryopsis length measurement Proportion Milled rice rate Dehulled grain after milling and polishing MRR Proportion of milled and polished (processed) rice obtained from rough rice (grain with hull) Culm major diameter - 2nd internode 2nd elongated culm internode Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath Major diameter CDMaj day ligule shape scale UPOV mg g-1 dry matter Visually determinate the colour ornamentation of (i.e. colours present only on parts of) the lemma and palea at maturity Mature lemma and palea ornamentation Main flowering date observation Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which 80% of the flowering heads have appeared Spikelets per panicle g count brown planthopper injury scale field Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment field Observe the damages on plants caused by whitebacked planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Code Severity Grassy stunt 1 disease Grassy stunt 1 RGSV1Sev The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 1 virus (RGSV1). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with small rusty spots Head milled rice rate Proportion of head rice (kernel longer or equal to 3/4 full length of the kernel) obtained from milling the rough rice (grain with hull) Intact dehulled grain after milling HMRR Proportion Panicles per plant culm angle UPOV scale Endosperm type assessment Stain polished (milled, white) rice grains with a weak KI-I solution, prepared by mixing 0.1% I2 solution with 0.2% KI solution, and observe the colour of the stained endosperm Take sum of sucrose content and starch content from PLS-FTIR analysis Calculation - Nonstructural carbohydrate content Collect florets and fix in 3:1 Acetic acid:alcohol solution. Squeeze out pollen grains under a drop of acetocarmine stain, observe under a microscope at 10x10 magnification, and estimate the predominant staining behavior and number of nuclei visible Abortion pattern estimation chalkiness 0-9 scale ligule color scale wild Porosity ratio yellow dwarf disease scale Culm degree of deformation Flatness of the culm Deformation Culm CDef Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the narrower portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter. Average - Minor stem diameter cm square meter per second per mol of water rat damage incidence scale % leaf area affected day square millimeter Caryopsis shape scale UPOV Fertility restoration This is a compound trait used for F1 hybrids combining the proportion of fertile spikelets at maturity with the proportion of fertile pollen at anthesis Fertility restoration Plant FertRest Length Flag leaf-1 FL1L Flag leaf-1 length Length of leaf below the flag leaf Spikelets per panicle Calculation - Days to flowering from transplanting Calculate the number of days between transplanting and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) ligule shape scale cult RD brown spot damage scale panicle blast damage scale mg g-1 dry matter alkali injury scale Assess the vigor of seedlings Seedling vigor Flag leaf width Width Width of the uppermost leaf of the main culm Flag leaf FlgLfWdt Average seedling height Measure the height of 10 seedlings from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade, and calculate the average Pith Pith area Area Area of the hollow region of the culm PithA kg per kg % Length to width ratio GLWR Ratio of grain length to grain width Grain Grain length to width ratio flag leaf angle scale wild % 1/ oven dry the harvested grains to constant dry weight. 2/ Derive the grain yield from the panicle density, the 1000-grain weight, the number of filled spikelets per panicle or spikelets per panicle and filled spikelet percentage Calculation - Grain yield from components of yield Spikelets per panicle bakanae disease incidence scale Hoja blanca vegetative disease estimation Estimate the proportion of young plants with leaves showing symptoms Grain length score Measure distance between the panicle neck node of the main culm and the panicle base, i.e. uppermost culm node. Repeat measurement on other representative plants and take the average. Average - Peduncle length Measure the average thickness of 10 representative spikelets, 1 cm from the apiculus of the spikelet. Average awn thickness Panicle branch arrangement scale cm2 g-1 Ragged stunt disease index Score RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9 5 weeks after inoculation in the greenhouse, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored . Calculation - Total stem material Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content from PLS-FTIR analysis centimeter centimeter Flag leaf Length FlgLfLng Flag leaf length Length of the uppermost leaf of the main culm culm node underlying colour scale CulmNo Culm number Number Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers after full heading Culm Panicle distance to basal branch PanBasBrDist Distance Distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch Panicle/basal branch Harvest grain from at least 5 m2/plot, discarding at least three border rows. Thresh, dry the rough (paddy) rice to 14% moisture content, and weigh. Yield measurement drought recovery scale percent Average - Oven dry weight Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average centimeter Calculation - Stem diameter Take the average of major and minor stem diameters of the second elongated internode from the base Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 3 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Brown planthopper biotype 3 injury assessment Bacterial blight race 2 damage estimation field Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 2 Time elapsed from heading date and date of exsertion of last spikelet Time to panicle exsertion (from heading) Panicle DExs Time to exsertion from heading Leaf LfWdt Leaf width Width Width of penultimate leaf blade Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root volume based on image analysis Image analysis - Root volume using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Observe growth in soil with toxic concentrations of iron Iron injury assessment Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area to cortex area Calculation - Specific culm porosity gram collar anthocyanin presence scale coleoptile anthocyanin scale No scale name found Dry matter yield Aboveground dry matter TDM Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per area Yield Anthocyanin below apiculus examination mature Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin whitebacked planthopper injury scale greenhouse mg g-1 dry matter Major diameter Stem major diameter - 2nd internode SDMaj 2nd elongated stem internode Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath panicle shattering scale Stem Stem cell wall carbohydrate content Wall carbohydrate content Cell wall carbohydrate content in the stem StCWC square millimeter salt injury scale Rhizome formation observation Wild species: observe the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers around the base of a potted plant when it is ready for harvest iron injury scale % Record the date of effective seeding Seeding date observation Measure the distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule on the penultimate leaf of five plants, and calculate the average Average ligule length Narrow brown leaf spot damage Damage NBLSDam The type and severity of narrow brown leaf spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Sphaerulina oryzina (Cercospora janseana) Narrow brown leaf spot Sheath blight Relative height ShBltInc Sheath blight The type and severity of sheath blight symptoms caused by Thanethoporus cucumeris (Rhizoctonia solani). Symptoms: ellipsoidal, necrotic grayish-green lesions, which may enlarge and coalesce with other lesions, initially on lower leaf sheaths The extent of discoloration of glumes caused by species of Sarocladium, Bipolaris, Alternaria, Gerlachia, Fusarium, Phoma, Curcularia, Trichoconiella, and Pseudomonas. Symptoms: Darkening of glumes of spikelets, brown color to black including rotten glumes. Intensity ranges from sporadic discoloration to discoloration of the whole glume Discoloration by fungal diseases Grain discoloration Grain GrDiscol mm Maturity days after seeding Monitor daily , note the date when 80-85% of grains on panicles are mature, and count the number of days lapsed since the date of effective seeding culm node anthocyanin scale Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom sowing Calculate the number of days between sowing and initial flowering dates Average - Oven dry weight Oven dry representative flag leaf -1 at 70degC to constant weight and weigh. Take the average weight Calculation - Days to maturity Take the number of days to flowering and add 30 days Calculate as the product of percentage of grain with chalkiness and chalkiness size (area of chalkiness divided by the area of the whole grain). The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing). Calculation - Degree of endosperm chalkiness Wild species: assess the hairiness and the location of hairs on the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards. Leaf blade pubescence estimation wild degrees C Time to flowering from emergence Time elapsed from date of emergence to flowering stage Time to flowering (from emergence) DFlwE Spikelet ragged stunt disease scale Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea. In the case of awned varieties, measure to a point comparable to the tip of the apiculus, i.e. excluding the awn. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains Average grain length Average culm diameter - cultivated species Cultivated species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of three representative plants Ligule margin shape determination Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice immature apiculus color IRRI scale Awn presence on wild species Wild species: while the spikelets are maturing, observe the presence of awns panicle length scale Polish a sample of rice and evaluate a representative sample visually. Estimate the proportion of the kernel area that appears chalky white, particularly with respect to the belly, the center, and the back. Chalkiness visual assessment mg g-1 dry matter leaffolder single leaf injury scale Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf temperature with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Leaf surface temperature in SITIS platform Analytical measurement - Starch content Predict starch content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Caryopsis length:width ratio SES Compute the length/width ratio count male sterility scale Pubescence LigPub Ligule pubescence Presence and distribution of hairs on ligules Ligule day Measure the length of main axis of the immature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average Average panicle length - immature ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) stigma exsertion scale micromol CO2 m-2 s-1 MaleSterGp Sterility cause A classification of male sterility according to the type or cause of sterility Male sterility group Male pollen Ragged stunt disease Severity Ragged stunt The type and severity of ragged stunt symptoms caused by rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV). Symptoms: plants are stunted but remain dark green. Leaves are ragged and twisted. Vein swelling on leaf collar, leaf blades and leaf sheaths RaggedStuntSev g per 1000 spikelets Narrow brown leaf spot estimation Estimate the % leaf area diseased Bacterial blight damage estimation field Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test Anthocyanin content BApAnth Lemma below apiculus Anthocyanin below apiculus Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the area just below the apiculus of the lemma Average - Major stem diameter Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the wider portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter. Area of the uppermost leaf on the main culm FLA Flag leaf Flag leaf area Area Sterile lemma color examination wild Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Keel anthocyanin Keel Anthocyanin content Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the keel of the lemma KeelAnth Calculation - Leaf sheath thickness Take the difference between the stem diameter and culm diameter and divide this by 2 Length Length of awns Awn length AwLng Awn Green leaves per plant Ligule shape Shape LigShp Shape of the ligule Ligule View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the cross-sectioned culm Image analysis - Culm area Proportion of head milled grains with chalkiness Proportion PGWC Proportion of grains with chalkiness Chalky dehulled intact grain bacterial blight race 1 damage scale field mature lemma and palea ornamentation scale UPOV Estimate the position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base Leaf angle Number per plant Tiller number per plant TillNo Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers arising from the base of each plant Tiller gram awn length scale cult Leaf blade greenness Visually estimate the penultimate leaf blade for the intensity of greenness. Length of the main culm (stem), defined as the distance from the soil surface to the base of the panicle Culm CulmLng Length Culm length Time elapsed from effective seeding date to grain ripening defined as when 80-85% of grains on panicle are mature (growth stage 9) Time to maturity Maturity Plant TMat Panicle threshability estimation SES Grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action Measure length of the flag leaf, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average Average flag leaf length Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh. Weighing - filled grain weight millimeter anther colour scale The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Panicle blast Panicle blast incidence Incidence PBInc percent Time elapsed from date of transplanting to physiological maturity stage Time to maturity from transplanting Spikelet DMatT Time to maturity (from transplanting) Examine the shape of sterile lemmas Sterile lemma shape Culm node anthocyanin intensity Observe the intensity of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm. Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma area View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the average area of the air spaces in the culm Branches per panicle 1000 grain (14%MC)weight measurement Weigh a random sample of 1000 well-developed, whole grains dried to 14% moisture content awn presence scale wild grain width UPOV scale If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm node underlying colour examination Wild species: using a calliper or photo-enlarger, measure the average of 10 representative grains Average grain thickness Bacterial blight race 1 damage estimation field Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 1 No scale name found Time elapsed from date of transplanting to initial flowering stage Spikelet Time to initial flowering (from transplanting) Time to intitial flowering from transplanting DiFlwT rhizome formation scale 1 cm2 g-1 whitebacked planthopper injury scale field mm Leaf blade pubescence Cultivated species: assess the hairiness of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards Bird damage incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of panicles that are damaged by birds % false smut incidence scale Observe growth in a growing medium with a deficiency of zinc Zinc deficiency injury assessment square millimeter Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 1 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Brown planthopper biotype 1 injury assessment Observe the damage on the plants caused by brown planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Brown planthopper injury assessment field Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root length based on WinRHIZO image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method to calculate total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size. Image analysis - Root length using WinRhizo in SITIS platform ufra incidence scale ppm Average - Flag leaf width Measure width at the widest portion of the leaf below the flag leaf on the main culm. Repeat measurement on representative leaf and take the average width. Salt Injury Salt injury SaltInj The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in soils or other growth medium with high salt content Dry mass accumulated per panicle per unit of time Grain filling rate Spikelet Filling rate GFR Number of panicles per plant count Count the average number of panicles per plant. cm Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are half-filled Half-filled spikelet Proportion Half-filled spikelets proportion HFSpPct Collar anthocyanin Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the collars CollAnth Anthocyanin content Collar Caryopsis width measurement Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the width of ten caryopses at their widest point at right angles to its length and calculate their average Stigma color Colour Stigma StgmCol Color of stigma mm Predict protein content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Protein content Culm strength scale SES Take subsample of unfilled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain Average - unfilled spikelet weight Calculate ratio of total aerenchyma area to culm area Calculation - Partial culm porosity Flag leaf surface temperature FLfT Temperature Flag leaf temperature Flag leaf basal leaf sheath color scale 1 Rice bug damage assessment Observe the proportion of injured grains per panicle caused by rice bug cm percent Culm diameter - 2nd internode Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath 2nd elongated culm internode Diameter CulmD If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet have different lengths, measure the average length of the longer sterile lemma of five spikelets Average sterile lemma length - longer Vegetative vigor Assess the vigor of plants in early vegetative stage Drought recovery Recovery The extent to which plants recover when soaked with water after exposure to drought. The extent of recovery depends strongly on the severity of drought. Drought DhtRecov Collar color Observe the colour of the leaf collar against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references submergence survival scale cm2 g-1 RDelphDam Rice delphacid The extent of damage caused by rice delphacid (Sogatodes oryzicola (Tagosodes orizicolus)). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. Rice delphacid Damage degree Celsius TilProd Number per plant Reproductive tiller Productive tiller number per plant Total number of productive tillers arising from the base of each plant millimeter kneeing ability presence scale Estimate the proportion of plants that are damaged by rats Rat damage incidence estimation Panicle exsertion estimation Observe the extent to which panicles are exserted above the flag leaf sheath In a greenhouse test, observe the early injury from leaffolder to each leaf on young plants Leaffolder single leaf injury assessment Alkali injury assessment Observe growth in alkaline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores. day sterile lemma color scale wild Take subsample of half-filled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain Average - half-filled spikelet weight green leafhopper injury scale greenhouse Canopy height Height Distance from soil surface to top of canopy Canopy CanH millimeter Plant height measurement Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of the plant Culm number measurement per plant Count the total number of grain-bearing and non-bearing tillers on five plants and calculate the average Estimate the proportion of plants with panicles showing symptoms Hoja blanca reproductive disease estimation Mature apiculus anthocyanin examination Examine the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure stomatal conductance with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Gas exchange stomatal conductance in SITIS platform Number of panicles per plant estimation Estimate the average number of panicles per plant. The extent of damage caused by rats. Symptoms: the tiller is cut at a 45 degrees angle. Damage is typically heavier in the center of a crop (stadium effect). A tiller cut through by a rodent is likely to regrow, if this is after maximum tillering then the regrown tiller is unlikely to produce panicles prior to harvest. Often the regrown, but non productive, tillers are not scored as rodent damage. Rat Rat damage Damage RatDam Anthocyanin content Auricle anthocyanin Auricle Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles AurShp Wild species: assess the presence/absence of hairs on the leaf margin Leaf margin pubescence Stem borer deadheart damage assessment At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart % Wild species: 7 days after anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Flag leaf angle estimation wild Time elapsed from date of sowing to flowering stage Time to flowering from sowing DFlwS Time to flowering (from sowing) Spikelet Flag leaf-1 Width of leaf below the flag leaf FL1W Flag leaf-1 width Width Estimate the % spikelet fertility of plants exposed to high temperature during ... ? Flowering? Ripening? Flowering heat injury Rice whorl maggot damage assessment Observe the severity of damage caused by rice whorl maggot Internodes Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration Grassy stunt 1 disease estimation Leaf blade greenness Intensity of greenness on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade, if visible under any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin Leaf blade LfBladGreen Greeness Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma number View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to count the number of air spaces in the culm submergence relative survival scale Average - Filled spikelet number per panicle Count the number of filled spikelets per panicle. Repeat the measurement on other representative panicles. Take the average number of filled spikelets per panicle. Whitebacked planthopper damage Damage The extent of damage caused by whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. Whitebacked planthopper WBPH zinc deficiency injury scale millimeter For deepwater rice, make dissections of 20 or more tillers per plot or row after heading, count the numbers of infested tillers and estimate the proportion of infested tillers Stem borer deepwater damage assessment sensed aroma uncooked scale grams per square meter ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) leaf blade pubescence scale wild No of chromosomes rice tungro disease scale leaf margin pubescence scale spikelet sterility scale CI Leaf Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Sub-stomatal cavity carbon dioxide concentration CO2 Concentration Grain discoloration incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of glumes that are discoloured Yield StDM Straw Straw dry matter weight (ie aboveground dry matter without the grains) per area Straw yield kernel smut incidence scale maturity scale UPOV Measure width at the widest portion of the flag leaf on five representative plants. Calculate average Average flag leaf width mm gram per plant Lemma and palea pubescence evaluation Using a hand lens, visually assess and evaluate the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemmas and paleas Kneeing ability kneeing ability Stem The ability of a stem, after it has fallen flat e.g. after floodwater recedes, to start growing upright from a young node (the knee)) and bear panicles, typically an ability expressed by deepwater varieties (applicable only in conditions where culms have fallen flat) KneeAb StNSC Stem Non-structural carbohydrate content Nonstructural carbohydrate content in the stem Stem total nonstructural carbohydrate content Caryopsis length/width ratio scale SES Gall midge injury assessment greenhouse In a greenhouse test, observe the proportion of plants with silver shoots. For the greenhouse test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should show silver shoots Diameter of basal portion (ie 1st elongated internode) of the main culm 1st elongated culm internode Diameter Culm diameter - 1st internode CulmDiam mm percent Observe the abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle, and by referring to a diagram of standards Secondary panicle branching observation mm culm node anthocyanin intensity scale leaf blast damage type scale Leaf PS Carbon dioxide assimilation rate of the leaf Photosynthetic rate Photosynthetic rate millimeter StSTA Stem Starch content Starch content in the stem Stem starch content Auricle anthocyanin presence Estimate the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles PlntHt Height Plant height Plant Plant height defined as distance from the soil surface to the highest point of the plant (panicle or flag leaf) excluding awns Describes the form of the margin of the ligule Ligule margin Shape Ligule margin shape LigMargShp Panicle axis texture scale Scoring X panicles using the panicle blast damage score, compute panicle blast severity PBS= (10xN1 + 20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/X, where N1-N9 are the number of panicles with score 1-9 Panicle blast severity phenotypic acceptability scale awn color scale mature IRRI Calculation - Unfilled spikelet percentage Take the number of unfilled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100 millimeter sterile lemma length scale % Calculation - Days to panicle exsertion Calculate the number of days between the heading date and the date of exsertion of the last spikelet Ligule color estimation - wild Wild species: estimate visually the colour of ligules at anthesis. flag leaf angle scale cult late Average awn length Calculate the average length of the awns on 10 randomly selected spikelets Average - Panicles per plant Count the number of panicles on representative plants and compute the average Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis Calculation - Half-filled spikelets per square meter Rice bug damage Damage The extent of plant damage caused by rice bug (Leptocorisa oratorisa). Rice bug RBugDam Leaves per plant Rate of passage of water vapor through the leaf Water vapor conductance Stomata Gs Stomatal conductance Dry weight Flag leaf-1 Flag leaf-1 dry weight Dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf FL1Dw Drought injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by drought. Leaf rolling precedes leaf drying during drought. Response to drought is highly responsive to crop phenology, plant growth prior to stress, and the timing, duration, and intensity of drought stress. For many soils, it takes at least 2 rainless weeks during the vegetative stage to cause marked differences in response and at least 7 rainless days during the reproductive stage to cause severe drought injury. Repeated ratings are recommended through progress of the drought. Record the stage of plant growth when the stress occurred and the number of stress days. Injury Drought DhtInj Shape of the sterile lemmas Shape Sterile lemma LemaShp Sterile lemma shape Count all productive tillers in representative plants and take the average Average - Productive tiller number per plant Calculation - Head milled rice rate Calculate as the ratio of head rice weight (kernel longer than or equal to 3/4 full length of a kernel) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Take the ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight Calculation - Flag leaf specific leaf area Sterile lemma shape scale Observe the percentage of the panicle that is inside the flag leaf sheath Panicle exsertion male sterile estimation Flowering date Date of flowering Plant flowering date FlwDate Keel anthocyanin mature scale Damage Rice whorl maggot damage RWhorlMaggDam The extent of plant damage caused by rice whorl maggot (Hydrellia philippina). Symptoms: maggots eat the leaf margins causing conspicuous injury and sometimes stunting of plants Rice whorl maggot culm node anthocyanin presence scale g per 100 spikelets Oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and weigh the panicles of representative plants and take the average Average - Panicle dry weight per plant Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Grassy stunt 2 disease index Take the total dry weight of straw, rachis, and grain (filled and unfilled) and express on a per unit area Calculation - Total dry matter mm Average grain width Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains Culm strength scale RD Tillers per plant millimeter Awn distribution scale Yellow mottle disease assessment Estimate the type and severity of symptoms apiculus shape scale Days Sensed aroma uncooked Vapourise the main component of aroma in rice (2AP: 2-acetyl-1pyrroline)) by adding 10 ml of a 1.7% solution of KOH to 2 g of freshly harvested decorticated grains. Smell the aroma after ten minutes hoja blanca reproductive disease scale gram Leaffolder adjusted injury rating In a greenhouse test, adjust the unadjusted injury ratings R for test entries by dividing by R for the susceptible check and multiplying by 100% 1000 grain weight scale Oven dry straw at 70?C to constant weight and express in a per unit area basis Calculation - Straw yield Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of represenrtative plants and calculate the average Plant height average Awn color examination mature UPOV / IRRI Examine the colour of the awns after harvest against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. An indirect indicator of approximate gelatinization temperature. Incubate six milled rice grains (kernels) for 23h in 10ml of 1.7% KOH. Score individual kernels, without averaging Alkali digestion estimation rice delphacid injury scale field millimeter Days to 80% flowering count Calculate as the difference between the main heading date and the date of effective seeding degrees LodInc Lodging incidence Describes the tendency of plants to lodge /(fall flat/) Incidence Lodging Caryopsis width scale Manual measurement - SPAD meter reading Take flag leaf of randomly selected plants and do multiple SPAD readings from tip to base of the leaf. collar color scale RD Angle Culm angle Culm Angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical CulmAng green leafhopper injury scale field apiculus color scale mature Bakanae disease incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected StEXT Extractives content Stem extractives content Stem Total stem extractives content in the stem Count the number of primary panicle branches attached to the basal whorl of representative panicles, and calculate the average Average panicle basal branch number day panicle blast incidence scale variable_of vegetative cold injury scale Wild species: take a random sample of 10 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance 10 grain weight measurement Cervitec reading Observe whether primary branches on the panicle axis are grouped into whorls or are borne individually on alternate sides Panicle branch arrangement assessment Calculation - Grain yield per plant Derive grain weight per plant from number of productive panicles per plant, 1000-grain weight, and number filled spikelets per panicle. anthocyanin below apiculus scale mature No scale name found panicle exsertion scale Caryopsis shape CaryoShp Caryopsis Shape of the caryopsis Shape Observe the presence or absence of awns on maturing spikelets Awn presence Cultivated species: visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering. Ligule color estimation - cultivated mmol H2O m-2 s-1 Panicle axis texture assessment Wild species: assess the texture of the main panicle axis by rubbing fingers from the base towards the tip and assess the smoothness Estimate the percentage of leaf area affected by leaf blast Leaf blast damage amount panicle exsertion male sterile scale Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm node anthocyanin distribution Partial porosity Culm Culm partial porosity Ratio of aerenchyma area to culm area CulmPP count leaf angle scale The type and severity of leaf scald symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Monographella albescens (Microdochium oryzae). Symptoms: lesions occur mostly near leaf tips, but sometimes start at the margin of the blade and develop into large ellipsoid areas encircled by dark-brown, narrow bands accompanied by a light-brown halo LfScald Leaf scald Leaf scald damage Damage Panicle blast damage Damage Panicle blast The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains PBDam stigma color scale 1 Dry weight per plant Leaf Total dry weight of leaves per plant Leaf dry weight per plant LDWplt millibars cm Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damages on seedlings Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment greenhouse Panicles per m2 Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on seedlings Rice delphacid injury assessment greenhouse Ash content in the stem Ash content StASH Stem ash content Stem Spikelets per hill cm Amylose content Amylose content of milled rice as a proportion or percentage of the total amount of rice Milled caryopsis amylose content AmyCt Remove leaf sheath and measure wider width of second elongated internodes from the base and take the average Average - Major culm diameter Calculation - Half-filled spikelet per panicle Calculate from the number of half-filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 mm View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the hollow region of the culm Image analysis - Pith area square millimeter Measure length of the penultimate leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average Average leaf length Measure distance from soil surface to top level of the canopy of representative plants and take the average Average - Canopy height Brown spot Damage BS The type and severity of brown spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Bipolaris oryzae, Drechslera oryzae). Symptoms: typical leaf spots are small, oval or circular and dark brown. Larger lesions usually have the same color on the edges but have a pale, usually grayish center. Most spots have a light yellow halo around the outer edge. Brown spot damage SPAD unit stem rot incidence scale Number of spikelets with filled grains per unit area Filled spikelet density Number per area FSD Filled spikelet awn color scale immature IRRI millimeter longer sterile lemma length scale leaf blade anthocyanin distribution scale panicle threshability scale RD Chalkiness Cervitec assessment Polish a sample of rice and quantify chalkiness automatically using a duly calibrated Cervitec instrument percent panicle axis scale UPOV culm diameter scale cult day Time of 50% heading scale Days square centimeter Image analysis - Major pith diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the wider portion of the culm pith narrow brown leaf spot scale stem borer deadheart damage scale yellow mottle disease scale sterile lemma color scale cult Caryopsis length SES scale Take ratio of grain yield to total dry matter per area Calculation - Harvest index Estimate visually the presence or absence of a purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf blade anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade Leaf blade anthocyanin presence Ligule color Ligule Colour Color of the ligule LigCol number of panicles per plant scale cm awn length scale wild Measure and score the length of the caryopsis Caryopsis length SES flowering cold injury scale Male sterility group assignment ? No info in SES on how to identify the group % method_of Phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse In a greenhouse test, grow each line in culture solution under two conditions: 0.5ppm P (low P) and 10ppm P (standard P). Estimate the propoprtion of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P panicle type scale UPOV drought grade 1-5 View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the wider portion of the culm Image analysis - Major culm diameter Gradually heat a sample of milled rice using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), which measures the energy expended to raise the temperature of starch crystals as they gelatinize and melt. The temperature at which energy expenditure is maximum (peak temperature) provides a precise measure of gelatinization temperature. Peak temperature Lemma and palea pubescence Pubescence Lemma and palea LmPPub Describes the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemma and palea drought scale leaf rolling flag leaf angle scale cult early Partial porosity ratio culm internode anthocyanin scale leaf blade greenness scale hoja blanca vegetative disease scale outcrossing scale pollen sterility scale ChrNo Number Chromosome The number of chromosomes in the nucleus Chromosome number mm spikelet fertility scale RD leaf blade pubescence scale IRRI cult rice bug damage scale mature apiculus anthocyanin scale g per 1000 spikelets square centimeter millimeter awn color scale mature UPOV % centimeter Keel anthocyanin immature scale Manual measurement - Flag leaf temperature Take flag leaf and measure temperature near leaf surface with an infrared gun Average panicle distance to basal branch Measure the distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch on five representative panicles and calculate their average seedling vigor scale culm length scale brown planthopper injury scale greenhouse seedling height scale Materials content Total stem materials content Stem StTWT Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content of stem percent auricle anthocyanin presence scale ligule color scale cult sheath blight relative height scale bacterial blight race 2 damage scale field Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight, weigh and take the average leaf weight Average - Leaf dry weight