2 062 Thick > 2 3 95-99% BLSAnth_Est_1to9 BLSCO_ANTH Jeffrey Detras IRRI pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile 6 030 3 Julie Pasuquin HSpD_CM_SpPan IRRI CulmINodAnth_Est_0to2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LmPColOrn_Est_1to5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras IRRI StgExers_Comp_1to9 STIGMA_EXSERTION LEAF_ANGLE LfAng_Est_RD1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 1 Completely 100% sterile 5 More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting 3 Weak 052 3 7 Long IRRI Julie Pasuquin TMatT_CM_d FLL_MM_cm FGLL Julie Pasuquin IRRI FlgLfLng_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin StPRO_AM_mgg IRRI Tolerant 1-3 1 Very weak POLLEN_STERILITY MaleSter_Comp_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI MSTERILE 080 3 Julie Pasuquin EInt_Av_Ino IRRI 4 052 CIAT CÈcile Grenier ZnCt_Meas_ppm purple 8 IRRI GLWR_CM_r Julie Pasuquin 3 Purple 8 081 4 medium 5 BakInc_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI BakInc Julie Pasuquin FLpSla_CM_cm2g IRRI 2 or more leaves/hill but less than 1/3 of leaves injured 3 SeedlHt_Av_1to7 IRRI SEEDLING_HEIGHT Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin AerD_IA_mm SCT Jeffrey Detras IRRI Sct_SmellUncook_0to2 ANC AWCO Jeffrey Detras IRRI AwCol_ImmatEst_IRRI0to8 Julie Pasuquin FLsizeR_CM_r IRRI 1 Kernel not affected but chalky, high gel temp (>74C) Strong 7 pbasbrno PanBrNo_Av_BrPan PBPan_MM_BrPan Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin FL1W_Av_cm IRRI 2 gold furrows 7 Poor More than half of plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted 7 5 053 100 Black 6 6-12% 3 RHIZOME_FORMATION Jeffrey Detras IRRI RhyzForm_Est_1to6 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LemaShp_Est_0to3 SLSH 3 40-49 degrees 3 Weak 4 080 31-60% 7 1 080 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LIGULE_SHAPE LigShp_CultEst_RD0to3 Julie Pasuquin TiFlwT_CM_d IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI GRL GrLng_Av_mm Narrow 3 3 First and 2nd leaves yellowing Lesion completely around panicle base or uppermost internode or panicle axis near base with more than 30% of filled grains 7 2 Partially hirsute: hairs covering less than 50% of the ligule RaggedStuntSev_Index_Pct Jeffrey Detras IRRI RAGGED_STUNT Non-glutinous (non-waxy, stains dark blue purple) 1 IRRI PlntVg_SdEst_1to9 VG Jeffrey Detras very early 1 PanLng_MatAv_RD1to9 PNL Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI AurCol_Est_1to5 AC 8 Julie Pasuquin IRRI FSpPan_CM_SpPan 7 strong Jeffrey Detras IRRI Pan2ndBr_Est_0to3 SECONDARY_BRANCHING_OF_PANICLES 1 Absent CaryoLng_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI 1 Erect <15 degrees Jeffrey Detras CulmNodAnth_PresEst_1to9 IRRI 7 light purple BB Jeffrey Detras IRRI BBDam_EstFld1_1to9 9 Complete plant wilting, followed by severe yellowing and scorching Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmLng_Av_1to7 CML 0 Absent NBLS Jeffrey Detras IRRI NBLSDam_Est_0to9 RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI RGSV1 AwCol_ImmatEst_SES0to6 ANC IRRI Jeffrey Detras AWCO 5 11-25% infected panicles ColdSens_SeedlEst_0to9 CTOL Jeffrey Detras IRRI 000 0 11-20% 3 0 No injury or fewer than 10% of plants have injured tillers ANL Jeffrey Detras IRRI AwLng_WildAv_0to9 LmPCol_MatEst_UPOV1to6 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 5 070 Medium 5 4 070 Red Whorled 1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LmPCol_MatEst_SES1to10 IRRI BApAnth_ImmatEst_0to7 Jeffrey Detras 3 Light HT Jeffrey Detras IRRI PlntHt_Meas_1to9 BIRD_DAMAGE Jeffrey Detras IRRI BirdDam_Est_1to9 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 5 Vegetative crown 1 PhenReac_Est_1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI CI_LCPro_ppm 7 12-25% 5 Intermediate FL1Dw_Av_g IRRI Julie Pasuquin 9 very strong Julie Pasuquin IRRI GrWh_MM_mm More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting 5 UFSpY_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI Julie Pasuquin TilPlt_Av_TillPlt CaryoWdt_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI LigShp_CultEst_SES0to3 IRRI LIGULE_SHAPE Jeffrey Detras BPHDam_GH3_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI BPH Jeffrey Detras IRRI BPHDam_Fld_0to9 BPH Reddish to light purple 6 Absent or very weak 1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI GrElong_Comp_ratio IRRI CDef_CM_r Julie Pasuquin ColeoAnth_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI brown 3 CulmD_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI SMCwp_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin CulmNodUndCol_Est_0to2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI NOCO IRRI Julie Pasuquin Gs_LCPro_mol Very slight damage 1 Julie Pasuquin UFSpPan_CompD_SpPan IRRI Julie Pasuquin PS_LCPro_umol IRRI 41-60% 5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfBladAnth_DistEst_1to4 AmyCt_NIRS_Pct AMY CIAT CÈcile Grenier 1 020 Straw LIGULE_COLOR LigCol_Est_0to3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 000 0 Very weak 1 1 010 7 36-50% LfBladPub_CultEst_SES1to3 LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE Jeffrey Detras IRRI 5 Intermediate most plants moderately bending 3 60-79% CTOL ColdSens_FlwEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI IRRI AerTA_IA_mm2 Julie Pasuquin Jeffrey Detras IRRI GrnWt_100Wgh_g GRWT GRNWT GRW Jeffrey Detras IRRI GrWdt_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI PnT PanTyp_Est_UPOV1to9 3 1-5% Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmINodUnderCol_Est_0to2 INCO AL AnLt_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI 060 4 MaleSterGp_Est_1to6 MALE_STERILITY_GROUP Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI GallMidgeDam_EstFld_0to9 GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE ColdSens_VegEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CTOL light gold 1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI ChrNo_Count_Chr IRRI Julie Pasuquin USpD_CM_spk Julie Pasuquin GY_CM_kgplot IRRI Less than 1% 1 GYplt_Av_g IRRI Julie Pasuquin Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 5 51-75% 8 Jeffrey Detras IRRI GLO GlOp_Av_deg SCCO PericCol_Exam_1to7UPOV Jeffrey Detras IRRI weak 3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CaseWormDam_Est_0to8 CASE_WORM_DAMAGE BLS_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI BLS IRRI SpFert SPKF SPIKELET_FERTILITY SpkFer_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras 060 2 Julie Pasuquin Int2L_Av_cm IRRI 2 Present 9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI PDef_GHEst_1to9 P1 30-39 degrees 5 IRRI Julie Pasuquin CulmTP_CM_r Clk_Vis_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI LG LodInc_Est_1to9 6 Julie Pasuquin SDMin_Av_mm IRRI RtA_Win_cm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI 9 More than 1/2 of the injured with some broken leaves 5 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers. IRRI PTH THR_SCOR_1_3 PanThr_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras 5 Intermediate IRRI LDWplt_Av_g Julie Pasuquin Julie Pasuquin SMTwp_CM_mb IRRI 062 6 9 81-100% LEAF_ANGLE Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfAng_Est_SES1to9 7 pollen 60-69% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile Jeffrey Detras IRRI LmPPub_Est_UPOV1to9 LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE SPIKELET_FERTILITY SpkFer_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI SpFert SPKF 21-35% 5 Glabrous (no hairs) 1 Medium 5 Non-scented 0 HdR_Comp_Perc HDR Jeffrey Detras IRRI Vegetative crown, stolon and weak rhizomes 4 VG Jeffrey Detras IRRI PlntVg_VegEst_1to9 SPIKELET_STERILITY Jeffrey Detras SpkSter_Comp_1to9 IRRI Absent 0 11-40% 7 1 Very weak 1 above 70% 088 7 sensitive 7-9 IRRI Julie Pasuquin PedL_Av_cm IRRI FGW_MM_g1000gr Julie Pasuquin TGW 1000GW 5 Intermediate (~50 cm) 5 Split or segmented with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp 000 0 7 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted 3 Some damage/leaf discoloration GELC GelC_Meas_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI CollCol_Est_SES0to3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CC 0-19% 9 SHB IRRI Jeffrey Detras ShBltInc_Est_0to9 8 4 Soft 61-80 mm 2 51-100% 8 FLfT_MM_degC IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI Exs_MM_cm Julie Pasuquin Long 6.6 to 7.5 mm 3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI StemBorer_WhiteHeadEst_0to9 STEM_BORER_DAMAGE 41-70% 3 PA_TEXT IRRI Jeffrey Detras PanAxText_Est_1or2 1 Severely stressed weak 3 9 Below 20 degrees brown 3 Very slight damage 1 Julie Pasuquin UFSpPct_CM_pct IRRI Growth and tillering nearly normal 1 Jeffrey Detras LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_0to9 IRRI LEAFFOLDER Jeffrey Detras IRRI BLSAnth_Est_1to7 BLSCO_ANTH LfBladAnth_PresEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 1 100% of performance of tolerant check UfraDam_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI UFRA 6 0-10% height reduction, no ragged/twisted leaf, very few veins slightly swollen usually on leaf collar 3 3 Short 9 76-100% AwPres_Est_0to9 ANP Jeffrey Detras IRRI 090 13 Julie Pasuquin IRRI Lf_Av_LfPlt Jeffrey Detras IRRI PTH THR_SCOR_1_3 PanThr_Est_1to3 STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR Jeffrey Detras IRRI StrLmCol_Est_1to9 1 short variegated brown 3 RBugDam_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI RICE_BUG_DAMAGE 1 Very early (all leaves lost their green colour before grain maturity) 0 None Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmDiam_WildAv_1or2 CMD 9 Completely sterile 0% Jeffrey Detras IRRI FlgLfAng_WildAv_1to7 FLA Very late (all leaves still green at harvest) 9 26-50% 7 SUB Jeffrey Detras IRRI SubTol_FldEst_1to9 AwLng_CultMax_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras ANL IRRI RDelphDam_EstGH_0to9 RICE_DELPHACID Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras IRRI SubTol_GHEst_1to9 SUB Strong 7 080 1 LodInc_Meas_pct LG Jeffrey Detras IRRI GRL GrLng_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LMPUB LfMargPub_Est_1to2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Less than 1% (apical lesions) 1 TilProd_Av_TillPlt IRRI Julie Pasuquin Jeffrey Detras IRRI ApCol_ImmatEst_IRRI1to9 APC 9 Abortion at later stage: pollen grains look like fertile pollen (518A cytoplasm from O. nivara) KeelAnth_ImmatEst_0to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI IRRI SpD_CM_spk Julie Pasuquin 5 31-50% IRRI Julie Pasuquin MRR_CM_pct 26-100% 9 9 Almost all plants dead or dying 6-25% (apical and some marginal lesions) 5 CollAnth_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Medium 5 1-10% covered 3 20-30% 3 variegated purple 7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI YELLOW_MOTTLE YellowMottleSev_Est_0to9 GelTemp GelTemp_PkTemp_Deg Jeffrey Detras IRRI Very strong 9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI KNEEING_ABILITY KneeAb_EstPres_0or1 0 No injury IRRI Julie Pasuquin CDMin_IA_mm 8 BS BS_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI RtD_Win_mm Julie Pasuquin 3 male sterile 2 Scented Julie Pasuquin HFSpPan_CM_SpPan IRRI 1 Semidwarf (lowland: less than 110 cm, upland: less than 90 cm) Jeffrey Detras STEM_BORER_DAMAGE IRRI StemBorer_DeadheartEst_0to9 3 Short 71-90 cm 4 Strongly drooping ShRotInc_Est_0to9 SHEATH_ROT Jeffrey Detras IRRI 5 medium Light Green 1 FlwDate_80Flw_Date Jeffrey Detras IRRI FLW_DATE 5 Brown (tawny) 2 90-100% 1 ORAC_MM_trol IRRI Julie Pasuquin 5 Strong rhizomes and no tubers SG SdGerm_Est_Pct Jeffrey Detras IRRI 0 No damage Jeffrey Detras CulmINodAnth_Est_1to9 IRRI 0 Absent Jeffrey Detras IRRI RWhorlMaggDam_Est_0to9 RICE_WHORL_MAGGOT 99 Other FLW_MM_cm FGLW Jeffrey Detras IRRI FlgLfWdt_Av_cm SGr_CM_pct IRRI Julie Pasuquin Highly sterile 1-49% 2 PNL PanLng_MatAv_UPOV1to3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 1/3 to 1/2 of leaves injured 5 0 Absent PanBrArr_Est_1or2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI pbra High (~35%) 7 Short ~8 mm 3 acronym Scabrous 1 red 4 Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead 5 5 080 Purple 1 pollen and spikelets both 90% fertile or above 7 50-74% IRRI Julie Pasuquin SDWplt_Av_g 1 Lightly scented 4 purple spots 2 Green Horizontal 5 020 1 many 5 2 gold 6 Highly sterile <50% to trace 7 AerN_IA_Aer IRRI Julie Pasuquin Large 9 7 Long 141-155 cm IRRI Julie Pasuquin FLSla_CM_cm2g 6-10% 3 BB Jeffrey Detras IRRI BBDam_EstGH_1to9 IRRI StDM_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin 9 Leaves orange yellow or orange, plants severely stunted, sometimes dead, flowering very much delayed Tall >60 cm 7 BPHDam_GH1_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI BPH Thermosensitive-genic type (TGMS) 2 5 053 TDMplt_CM_gPlnt Julie Pasuquin IRRI 3 089 Rolling of terminal 1/3-1/2 area of 1st and 2nd leaves 3 7 11-20% 7 Typical blast lesions infecting 26-50% of the leaf area BPH Jeffrey Detras IRRI BPHDam_GH_0to9 5 40-59% Julie Pasuquin IRRI HI_CM_r 7 Purple spots on straw Growth and tillering nearly normal, reddish-brown spots or orange discoloration on tips of older leaves 1 IRRI Julie Pasuquin DExs_CM_d 1 1-5% Very weak 1 Entire 1 NUMBER_OF_PANICLES Jeffrey Detras PNO PanNo_Count_PanPlnt IRRI purple 8 5 no drought symptoms 090 9 IRRI UfGW_Av_g1000gr TUfGW Julie Pasuquin 030 1 5 13-25% IRRI Julie Pasuquin StLIG_AM_mgg 1 Absent 7 Broad Intermediate ~15 mm 5 Semi-erect (intermediate) 3 5 Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area PlntHt_Av_cm PltH_FLW_cm_MM PltH_15DAF_cm_MM PltH_MAT_cm_MM Jeffrey Detras IRRI HT 9 Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves medium 5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmAng_Est_SES1to9 CMA_CO_1_9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfScald_Est_0to9 LEAF_SCALD 61% and above 9 PB Jeffrey Detras IRRI PBDam_Est_0to9 Abortion at trinucleate stage of pollen (CMS-boro type) 7 0-49% 9 BLSCol_Est_1to4 BLSC_CO_1_4 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 7 080 11-30% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration 5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI SAL SaltInj_Est_1to9 2 7 Leaves yellow or orange yellow, plants moderately stunted, floweringvery much delayed Lesions only on bottom 20% of the plant 1 GLhDam_EstGH_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI GLH 082 8 IRRI StTWT_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin 8 StemD_CM_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI Truncate 2 No lesions observed 0 PEX Jeffrey Detras IRRI EXS PanExs_Est_1to9 IRRI Julie Pasuquin StSUC_AM_mgg 80-100% 1 Julie Pasuquin IRRI Rs_LCPro_invm Jeffrey Detras IRRI APSH ApSh_Est_1to2 LigCol_CultEst_0to5 LIGULE_COLOR Jeffrey Detras IRRI 0 No injury IRRI StemBorer_DeepWatEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras STEM_BORER_DAMAGE Gold and gold furrows on straw background 2 AwCol_MatEst_IRRI0to6 ANC Jeffrey Detras AWCO IRRI AwDist_Est_1to5 AWDIST IRRI Jeffrey Detras RTungroSev_GHComp_Pct RTD1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 7 Strong STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH Jeffrey Detras IRRI StrLmLng_AvShort_1to9 6 Julie Pasuquin GY_CMD_gm2 IRRI Tip drying extended up to 1/4 length in most leaves 3 7 Completely dispersed and cleared, low gel temp (<70C) IRRI IronInj_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras FE1 PGWC_CM_pct IRRI Julie Pasuquin 11-30% height reduction, 3-4leaves ragged/twisted, more vein swelling on leaf collar and some on leafblades and leaf sheaths 7 1 Thin <5 mm 7 26-50% 2 Very short to short 51-70 cm Jeffrey Detras LEAF_LENGTH IRRI LfLng_Av_cm Present 9 LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE Jeffrey Detras IRRI LmPPub_Est_IRRI1to5 IRRI MAT TMat_Meas_1to9 Jeffrey Detras Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 5 Purple apex 7 RGSV2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI RGSV2Sev_Index_Pct Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_Pct LEAFFOLDER ZDEF ZnDefInj_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras AwCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to9 ANC IRRI AWCO BPH Jeffrey Detras IRRI BPHDam_GH2_0to9 Leaves slightly yellow, plants slightly stunted, flowering slightly delayed 3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI BBDam_EstFld2_1to9 BB 081 4 Jeffrey Detras IRRI GelTemp_Alkd_1to7 GelTemp purple 5 Julie Pasuquin CwallA_CM_mm2 IRRI CulmDiam_WildAv_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI CMD StrLmCol_Est_1to4 Jeffrey Detras STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR IRRI Descending 7 Julie Pasuquin TFlwS_CM_d IRRI 2 Acute to acuminate DRT7_DRY_0_9 DhtRecov_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfBladGreen_Est_0to3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI BLCO PanT_Av_degC IRRI Julie Pasuquin 9 All plants dead 0 000 CUST IRRI CS Jeffrey Detras CulmStr_EstSES_1to9 IRRI CulmD_CM_mm Julie Pasuquin No injury 0 3 Semi-erect (semi-compact) None awnless 0 Long to very long 156-180 cm 8 3 long 9 51-100% 060 1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI TMat_Meas_d MAT Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves brown or yellow 7 1 Erect 2 Vegetative crown and stolon 6-25% 5 9 All plants dead PithD_CM_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin 16-25% 6 Julie Pasuquin FL1L_Av_cm IRRI Brown spots on straw 3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LIGULE_LENGTH LigLng_Av_mm Spindle-shaped 4 dark brown 4 Absent 0 Dark 7 11-20% 5 All plants dead 9 Horizontal 5 Cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction type (CMS) 1 LmPCol_ImmatEst_1to13 Jeffrey Detras IRRI AwThk_Av_mm ANT Jeffrey Detras IRRI THfGW IRRI HfGW_Av_g1000gr Julie Pasuquin 1 Less than 1% 1 Small IRRI LfST_CM_mm Julie Pasuquin StEXT_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI Short hairs 4 6-25% 5 RtV_Win_cm3 IRRI Julie Pasuquin GRWT GrnWt_10Wgh_g GRNWT Jeffrey Detras IRRI 1 White Erect 1 light brown 2 7 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 1 Completely sterile 0% 6 100 Black Jeffrey Detras IRRI CMD CulmDiam_CultAv_mm 51-100% 9 Extra vigorous, very fast growing 1 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 Truncate 3 Low 3 AwPres_WildEst_0to2 ANP Jeffrey Detras IRRI Sterile (95%-98.9%) 5 2 Smooth Jeffrey Detras IRRI PB PBSev_Comp_Pct PanTyp_Est_SES1to3 PnT Jeffrey Detras IRRI 0 000 LfT_LCPro_degC Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI AwCol_MatEst_UPOV1to9 ANC AWCO Jeffrey Detras 3 Open RAT_DAMAGE Jeffrey Detras IRRI RatDam_Est_1to9 IRRI DrG_Est_sc1to5 Julie Pasuquin 9 76-100% 7 26-50% slight yellowing of a few plants 1 Semi-round 2 9 61% and above 8 FLA IRRI Jeffrey Detras FlgLfAng_LateAv_1to7 9 Drooping 5 100% of the kernel with chalkiness Julie Pasuquin IRRI PDMin_IA_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH StrLmLng_AvShort_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI CaryoLng_Av_1to7 1/3 to 1/2 of leaf area scraped 2 FL1A_CM_cm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin More than 65% 9 020 2 LfFolderDam_EstSingleLead_0to3 LEAFFOLDER Jeffrey Detras IRRI USpPan_Av_SpPan IRRI Julie Pasuquin ApCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to6 Jeffrey Detras IRRI APC 0 Absent 084 5 GrWdt_Meas_1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI GRW IRRI Julie Pasuquin CulmP_CM_r 9 Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface) 0 No visible lesion observed or lesions on only a few pedicels 040 Gold 2 Julie Pasuquin StASH_AM_mgg IRRI ENDO Jeffrey Detras IRRI EndoType_Est_1to3 5 Intermediate ~15 mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfBladPub_CultEst_UPOV1to7 LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE 0 000 Jeffrey Detras IRRI THRIPS ThripDam_Est_0to9 FL1Sla_CM_cm2g IRRI Julie Pasuquin 1 Pollen free (TGMS line, e.g. Norin PL12) GrYld_Comp_kgha Jeffrey Detras IRRI GrYld_Comp_kgha 5 Horizontal 1 041 FLCC_MM_SPAD IRRI Julie Pasuquin 2 Cleft CÈcile Grenier Clk_Vis_0to5 CIAT CaryoWdt_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Very long >40 mm 9 21-40% 3 3 Weak IRRI Julie Pasuquin CDMaj_IA_mm 1 Excellent Obtuse or rounded 3 Easy 51-100% 9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI AnCo_Est_1to2 ANCO 7 Leaves pale yellow or yellow and 26-75% of height reduction, floweringdelayed RICE_DELPHACID RDelphDam_EstFld_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI PB PBInc_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 3 Purple 9 Above 40% covered 080 5 Absent 0 1 Less than 1% Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfBladPub_WildEst_1to4 LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfFolderDam_CompRating_Pct LEAFFOLDER 9 0-19% 9 All plants apparently dead 2 black 9 IRRI DhtInj_EstRoll_0to9 DRS_DRY_0_9 Jeffrey Detras 7 20-39% Very short <5 mm 1 3 051 IRRI CulmSP_CM_r Julie Pasuquin More than half the plants wilting or with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted 7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CaryoShp_Est_1to5 All plants dead 9 080 Purple 7 061 Light green 2 0 No damage 084 3 1 1-10% Very low (<1%) 1 6 black 4 100 9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI dist_post PanBasBrDist_Av_mm 9 Leaves turn yellow or orange, more than 75% height reduction, no flowering or some plants dead StDM_Av_g IRRI Julie Pasuquin StrLmLng_AvLong_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH Jeffrey Detras IRRI GrnWt_1000Wgh_1to7 GRWT GRNWT 3 11-20% 1-3% 3 1 Difficult: few or no grains removed Purple 9 No damage 0 Julie Pasuquin PanHill_Av_PanHill IRRI 0 000 7 20-29 degrees Jeffrey Detras IRRI LSEN LfSen_Est_1to9 SEN_CO_1_9 3 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with few small tillers. 2 Hairs on lemma keel Upper quarter only 2 61-80% 7 040 2 FLpDw_Av_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI AmyCt_Meas_Pct AMY IRRI Julie Pasuquin SpPan_CM_SpPan 7 26-50% Normal, most plants with 4-leaves 5 DATE_SEED SdDate_Meas_Date Jeffrey Detras IRRI GRAIN_THICKNESS Jeffrey Detras IRRI GrThk_Av_mm 1-25% 5 26-50% 7 26-50% 7 2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI StCWC_AM_mgg Straw 2 Short ~15 cm 3 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with numerous small tillers. 3 Very slight damage/leaf discoloration 1 0 No disease observed Soft 81-100 mm 1 Julie Pasuquin GY_CM_kgha IRRI 1 Very weak Less than 1% 1 0 Growth and tillering nearly normal CMN Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmNo_Av_Culm 1 10% of the kernel with chalkiness 1 absent or very weak 3 Intermediate 41-60 mm brown furrows 3 Julie Pasuquin CulmPP_CM_r IRRI Rapidly coalescing small, whitish, grayish, or bluish lesions without distinct margins 9 3 Many: 20-25 tillers/plant Typical blast lesions infection 11-25% of the leaf area 6 KERNEL_SMUT KSmut_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Round 9 31-60% 7 3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CMD CulmDiam_CultAv_1or2 Rice ontology 5 Intermediate (one leaf still green at harvest) Partially sterile (70%-94.9%) 7 Very long (>80 cm) 9 1-10% 3 7 Weak, plants somewhat stunted 5 medium 8 6 Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead 7 5 Medium above 30% seed set 1 PANICLE_AXIS PanAxAtt_Est_UPOV1to2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 1 Acute to acuminate late 7 0 No injury entity Extra long 1 26-50% (apical and marginal lesions) 7 060 3 061 cleft 2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI PanAxAtt_Est_SES1to4 PANICLE_AXIS No symptoms 0 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CML CulmLng_Av_cm 70-89% 3 26% and above 9 9 Almost all plants dead or dying CMA_CO_1_9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmAng_Est_UPOV1to9 POLLEN_STERILITY MSTERILE Jeffrey Detras IRRI MaleSter_UPOVEst_1to3 6-12% 3 2 Stressed Julie Pasuquin CDMaj_Av_mm IRRI 2 PhenAcc_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras PHENOTYPIC_ACCEPTABILITY 5 Medium ~25 cm No symptom observed 1 Bold 5 BRiceProtCt_Meas_Pct Jeffrey Detras IRRI PRT CMD CulmDiam_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Good 3 9 Poorest elongation, or none, like non-elongating semidwarf e.g. IR42 LEAF_LENGTH LfLng_Av_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 0 No disease observed 8 Very long >40 mm 9 Julie Pasuquin CanH_Av_cm IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI SEEDLING_HEIGHT SeedlHt_Av_cm Strong rhizomes with tubers 6 0 No disease observed All plants dead 9 6 red 7 26-50% IRRI DRS_DRY_0_9 DhtInj_EstSpkFert_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 6 red 7 080 ApAnth_ImmatEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 1 Less than 5% Intermediate 106 -120 cm 5 3 Semi-erect (intermediate) Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves 9 5 Spreading (open) 3 First and 2nd leaves yellowing Jeffrey Detras IRRI KneeAb_EstAng_1to9 KNEEING_ABILITY CUST CS CulmStr_EstRD_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 3 Vigorous, fast growing 9 More than 75% leaf area affected No disease observed 0 Genetically engineered (transgenic type) 5 041 1 0-19% 9 EXS PanExs_EstMStrl_1to9 PEX Jeffrey Detras IRRI 2 085 Absent 1 Julie Pasuquin BRR_CM_pct IRRI 1 Less than 1% 1 1-10% pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile 4 LfBlastDam_EstTyp_0to9 BLAST Jeffrey Detras IRRI 26-100% 9 Maximum tiller angle less than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers 5 9 Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface) 7 Spreading (>60-80 degrees, culms not resting on the ground) 080 4 Descending 7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LIGULE_COLOR LigCol_WildEst_0to5 8 080 080 Purple 5 4 No disease observed 0 071 6 7 26-50% 0 000 ELONGATION Jeffrey Detras IRRI StmElong_Esr_1to9 HeadT_50Est_1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI HDG FLW All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both 5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI AurShp_Est_1to9 Strong 7 Kernel swollen, high gel temp (>74C) 2 0 No disease observed WBPH WBPH_EstGH_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 4 081 PNL Jeffrey Detras IRRI PanLng_ImmatAv_cm IRRI FALSE_SMUT FSmut_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 7 Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead Upper three quarters only 4 Pale green to yellow and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withnumerous small tillers 7 brown 3 RGSV1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI RGSV1Sev_Index_Pct Jeffrey Detras IRRI FertRest_Comp_1to9 FREST PericCol_Exam_1to7IRRI SCCO Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfBlastDam_EstAmt_0to9 BLAST Jeffrey Detras IRRI IRRI Julie Pasuquin HFSpY_CM_gm2 Kernel swollen with collar incomplete or narrow, high-intermediate gel temp 3 LigShp_Est_1to2 LIGULE_SHAPE Jeffrey Detras IRRI TilD_CM_Tillm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI LIGULE_SHAPE LigShp_WilEst_0to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI HTOL HeatSens_Est_0to9 000 0 7 Broad spindle-shaped lesion with yellow, brown, or purple margin 9 Leaves tightly rolled 7 080 4 1 No symptom observed 7 Late (two or more leaves still green at harvest) Julie Pasuquin TFlwT_CM_d IRRI 6 070 Red 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal, healthy Jeffrey Detras IRRI STEM_BORER_DAMAGE StemBorer_YellowEst_0to9 No kneeing 9 Fertile 75-89% 3 4 4-5% 3 1-5% 081 4 11-20% 3 1 Less than 1% Julie Pasuquin IRRI DEC_CM_pct 1 absent Low (~3%) 3 26-40% covered 7 5 6-25% 51-100% (apical and marginal lesions) 9 3 medium GlOp_Av_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI GLO 5 Medium moderately stressed 3 Leaves healthy 0 3 early IRRI Julie Pasuquin CDMin_Av_mm Broad >2 cm 7 IRRI OutXExt_Comp_1to9 Jeffrey Detras StmRotInc_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras STEM_ROT IRRI Well exserted 9 ALK AlkInj_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 0 Absent 31-60% 7 060 4 DMatS_CM_d IRRI Julie Pasuquin Less than 11% 9 087 8 Slight tip drying 1 IRRI Julie Pasuquin CulmA_IA_mm2 8 2 Julie Pasuquin PanPlt_Av_PanPlt IRRI 1 Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center 1 011 9 0-10% 1 1-5% 1 Slender 9 51-100% 1 Less than 5% infected panicles 5 Intermediate (lowland: 110-130 cm, upland: 90-125 cm) 2 Intermediate: 25-50% of grains removed IRRI SDMaj_Av_mm Julie Pasuquin 1-3% 2 3 brown IRRI GrDiscol_Est_0to9 GRAIN_DISCOLORATION Jeffrey Detras AwLng_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI ANL Medium 5 26-50% infected panicles 7 0 No incidence Glabrous 1 1 Lesions on several pedicels or secondary branches Jeffrey Detras IRRI LW LfWdt_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI WBPH WBPH_EstFld_0to9 4 Red 1 1-2% Julie Pasuquin IRRI TilHill_Av_TillH Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmNodAnth_IntensEst_1to9 tolerant 2-3 Absent 0 very strong 9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI BApAnth_MatEst_0to7 Absent 0 KeelAnth_MatEst_0to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Lesion completely around panicle baseor uppermost internode or the panicle axis near the base with less than 30% of filled grains. 9 Strong 7 3 Intermediate ?45? Jeffrey Detras IRRI CaryoLng_MeasSES_1to7 Long ~30 mm 7 IRRI PDMaj_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin Fully awned 2 5 pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile BBDam_EstFld_1to9 BB Jeffrey Detras IRRI Weak 3 6 5 Intermediate 6-25% Growth and tillering nearly normal, older leaves reddish-brown, purple, or orange-yellow 3 few 1 9 062 Julie Pasuquin IRRI RtL_Win_cm 10 080 084 Purple lines 4 APC Jeffrey Detras IRRI ApCol_MatEst_SES1to7 11-30% 5 31-45% 5 3 Short <30 cm Absent 1 2 Hairy on upper surface 8 5 Just exserted panicle base coincides with the collar of the flag Present 1 More than 50% 9 LmPCol_MatEst_IRRI1to11 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Tr_LCPro_mmol Julie Pasuquin IRRI Extra vigorous, very fast growing, most plants with 5-6 leaves and 2 or more tillers 1 1-5% (apical lesions) 3 9 More than 50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange discoloration Normal 5 1 Very weak 3 Stunting slight, tillering decreased, some basal leaves brown or yellow LfBlastDam_EstScr_0to9 Jeffrey Detras BLAST IRRI 7 thick Jeffrey Detras IRRI HDG FLW HeadT_80Comp_d 11-20% 3 3 Lesion type is the same as in 1, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves 1 010 1 Lightly scented 011 1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmNodAnth_DistrEst_0to3 071 6 1 No symptom observed 41-60% 5 yellowish 2 Julie Pasuquin StNSC_AM_mgg IRRI LigPub_Est_1to3 LIGULE_PUBESCENCE Jeffrey Detras IRRI First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 1 Very short (<21 cm) LfWdt_Av_cm LW Jeffrey Detras IRRI 5 Medium: 10-19 tillers/plant RTungroSev_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI RTD1 1-10% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration 3 1 060 Green Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves discolored, only a few elongating 5 11-30% 5 5 6-25% 8-15% 5 050 2 Very short <50 cm 1 1 Rolling of terminal 1/3 area of 1st leaf Jeffrey Detras IRRI PDef_FldEst_1to9 P1 Absent 0 Julie Pasuquin GrT_MM_mm IRRI 0% of the kernel with chalkiness 0 3 Brown (tawny) PanNo_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI NUMBER_OF_PANICLES PNO medium 5 RAGGED_STUNT RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 2 062 2 5 Narrow or slightly elliptical lesions, 1-2 mm in breadth, more than 3 mm long with a brown margin 086 1 Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 25% of tillers 3 7 Truncate 1 IRRI TDM_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin 4 052 LIGMSH Jeffrey Detras IRRI LigMargShp_Est_1to99 3 First and 2nd leaves with orange tips: slight stunting Jeffrey Detras IRRI StgmCol_Est_1to5 STIGMA_COLOR 0 No injury 7 46-65% PanSh_Est_1to9 THR_SCOR_1_3 PSH Jeffrey Detras IRRI 5 medium HOJA_BLANCA Jeffrey Detras IRRI HojaBlancaSev_VegEst_0to9 5 Medium 4 reddish brown 11-30% 3 020 2 GrYld_wgh_gplot Jeffrey Detras IRRI GrYld_wgh_gplot DRS_DRY_0_9 Jeffrey Detras DhtInj_EstDry_0to9 IRRI 0 No damage 3 6-10% 4 Hard 36-40 mm No disease observed 0 4 070 Red Erect (compact) 1 Absent (collarless) 0 5 40-69% ApCol_MatEst_IRRI1to9 APC Jeffrey Detras IRRI Clk_Cerv_cerv Jeffrey Detras IRRI Maximum tiller angle less than45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers 7 Purple 3 3 1-5% 7 Long ~30 mm UDInc_Est_0to9 UDBATTA_DISEASE Jeffrey Detras IRRI FLDw_Av_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI 9 Very few: fewer than 5 tillers/plant 11-15% 5 5 Leaves with pronounced yellowing and some stunting or wilting and 10-25% of plants with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted Up to 1/3 of leaf area scraped 1 Julie Pasuquin GFR_CM_gday IRRI weak 3 9 More than 30% height reduction, most leaves ragged/twisted, vein swellingcommon on leaf sheaths and leaf blades 3 61-80% 1 Less than 1% No symptom observed 1 5 Rolling of terminal 1/2 area of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd leaves, yellowing of leaf tips 9 61-100% 3 Weak 1 Less than 1% 2 020 Straw 5 21-30% 7 31-50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration 9 Present straw 1 3 Abortion at uni-nucleate stage of pollen (CMS-WA type) 3 Highly sterile (99%-99.9%) RGSV2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9 Scalloped or toothed 2 IRRI GLf_Av_LfPlt Julie Pasuquin 5 6-25% 3 Moderately difficult 1-5% Weak 3 3 Glutinous (waxy, stains reddish purple) 056 7 Extra long more than 7.5 mm 1 080 4 Lesion partially around the base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part of panicle axis near the base 5 Julie Pasuquin TillNo_Comp_1to9 IRRI TI 1 Less than 2 leaves/hill injured FSD_CM_spk IRRI Julie Pasuquin 5 080 IRRI Julie Pasuquin CwallT_IA_mm 5 Similar to that of elongating semidwarf e.g. IR11141-6-1-4 FlwDate_1stFlw_Date FLW_DATE Jeffrey Detras IRRI FLA FlgLfAng_EarlAv_1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 1 acute 5 Leaves yellow, plants moderately stunted, flowering delayed 1 Erect 1-10% 1 SCT Sct_SmellCook_0to2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin TiFlwS_CM_d IRRI GallMidgeDam_EstGH_0to9 GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE Jeffrey Detras IRRI YellowDwarfSev_Est_0to9 YELLOW_DWARF Jeffrey Detras IRRI 7 Leaf margins touching forming O-shape 1 1-5% 1 absent 2 Intermediate 5 Medium 1 1-5% Almost all plants dead or dying 9 7 16-25% 0 0 Absent (collarless) 5 41-60% Very slight damage 1 Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves whitish and rolled 3 9 more than 75% HojaBlancaSev_ReproEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI HOJA_BLANCA Julie Pasuquin PithA_IA_mm2 IRRI 1 Absent 6-12% 3 Difficult less than 1% 1 3 040 3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 Weak IRRI FSpPan_Av_SpPan Julie Pasuquin 6 IRRI Julie Pasuquin AerA_IA_mm2 Less than 5% 1 5 Medium 012 2 1-5% 3 very early 1 moderately tolerant 4-6 Julie Pasuquin SpHill_CM_SpH IRRI All plants dead 9 9 Very strong Absent 0 CollCol_Est_RD0to4 CC Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI CaryoShp_Comp_1to9 51-75% 8 8 Pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with numerous small tillers 9 5 11-25% covered 4 Early (all leaves have lost their green colour at harvest) 3 IRRI Julie Pasuquin FSpProp_CM_pct Semi-erect (intermediate) 3 5 Partly sterile 50-74% 3 1-10% 3 1-10% None to few leaves slightly yellow, tillering, height and flowering not affected 1 2 6-10% 4 5 Moderate (~15%) IRRI Julie Pasuquin HFSpPct_CM_pct 3 1-5% 1 Partly awned 8 Typical blast lesions infection 51-75% of the leaf area and many leaves are dead pollen and spikelets both <60% fertile 9 7 Loose 26-50% 1 Strong no bending 5 Red apex 9 Drooping 7 Better than that of non-elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of elongating semidwarf 0 None awnless 21-30% 5 0 Absent 51-100% 9 Medium 5.51-6.6 mm 5 9 Unacceptable Extra long 9 IRRI GrLng_MM_mm Julie Pasuquin 000 0 All plants dead 9 2 020 ApAnth_MatEst_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras No disease observed 0 50% of the kernel with chalkiness 3 8 StSTR_AM_mgg IRRI Julie Pasuquin 51-100% 9 black 6 1 Very weak highly sensitive 8-9 Julie Pasuquin 100GW HGW IRRI FGW_MM_g100gr 4 3 thin attribute 3 2-cleft 6 dark purple/black 9 7 long 1 No symptom observed Very slight injury 1 Very slight damage/leaf discoloration 1 7 Moderately well exserted Enclosed panicle is partly or entirely enclosed within the leaf sheath of the flag leaf blade 1 reddish to light purple 4 Open ~40 degrees 5 IRRI PanD_Calc_Panm2 Julie Pasuquin 1 010 GYplt_CM_g IRRI Julie Pasuquin 081 3 Partially sterile (70%-94.9%) 7 Highly fertile >90% 5 PDWplt_Av_g IRRI Julie Pasuquin Straw 1 1 Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers 4 Hairy on both sides 2 Growth and tillering nearly normal, basal leaves slightly discolored GY_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI very strong 9 51-100% 9 Fringe of hairs 1 IRRI SpSter_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin 1 White moderately tolerant 4-5 Semi-upright 2 highly tolerant 0-1 Very short <11 cm 1 Absent 0 Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying 7 Long (~70 cm) 7 1 No disease observed 2 21-50% 7 weak 3 AP_Lab_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras AP Less than 1% 1 2 5 080 3 Half spindle-shaped 0 No damage 2 084 IRRI StSTA_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin 2 Scented 7 26-50% 6 3 More than 1/2 of leaf area scraped 9 0-4.9% seed set Horizontal 5 2 Small roundish to slightly elongated, necrotic gray spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter, with a distinct brown margin. Lesions are mostly found on the lower leaves. Julie Pasuquin TFlwE_CM_d IRRI Highly fertile >90% 1 5-9.9% seed set 7 6 Strong 7 10-19.9% seed set 5 GLhDam_EstFld_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI GLH Moderately strong most plants bending 3 1-5% 3 9 51-100% 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal No damage observed 0 16-25% 6 5 1-25% 3 4-7% 7 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 061 Light green 5 medium 2 Thin <5 mm 1 6 7 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 1 Erect <30? 5 13-25% Less than 5% 1 Purple 6 61-100% 9 Absent 1 0 No disease observed HMRR_CM_pct IRRI Julie Pasuquin 3 Weak Partly sterile 50-74% 3 055 4 2 050 Slightly Drooping 3 Less than 3% 1 2 61% and above 9 1 Very weak More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted 7 20-29.9% seed set 3 21-30% 5 intermediate 5 Yellow to orange and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withfew small tillers 7 3 Triangular (and very small) First and 2nd leaves with orange tips, slight stunting 3 51-75% 7 3 Partly exserted panicle base is slightly beneath the collar of the flag leaf blade 2 Heavy 51-100% 9 9 26-100% 6 Intermediate to long 121-140 cm 084 3 No damage 0 PNL PanLng_MatAv_cm PanL_MM_cm Jeffrey Detras IRRI 3 95-99% 1 Absent All plants dead 9 80-100% 1 Compact 1 1 Less than 1% 3 Mostly or generally hirsute: hairs covering more than 50% of the ligule 3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing No lesions observed 0 2 Droopy No injury 0 4 052 Brown (tawny) FLA_CM_cm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin 3 Leaves partially yellow but with no hopperburn 51-100% 9 1 Tip only Weak, plants somewhat stunted, most plants with 3-4 leaves and no tillers in thin population 7 5 Intermediate 1cm - 2cm 5 6-25% 26-100% 9 5 Growth and tillering retarded, many leaves discolored strong 7 4-6 Moderately tolerant 1 Very slight injury 4 Purple furrows on straw 8 7 Short 1 020 Straw Better than that of elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of the best local floating variety 3 5 Hard <36 mm Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying 7 Some damage/leaf discoloration 3 8 1 011 Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile) 9 082 9 7 Broad Strong 7 0 Non-scented 081 2 0% covered 1 7 Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves discolored or dead Upper half only 3 Sterile (95%-98.9%) 5 5 Fair 7 Strong 1 straw 0 No injury 9 More than 25% Very long >40 cm 9 3 Medium FerTil_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI 1 Light 5 13-25% 3 Leaves green but with sparse dots or streaks and less than 5% of height reduction 5 Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area 1 Straight 4 5 40-59% Open ?60? 5 9 Yellow to orange and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with few small tillers 2 040 Gold White 1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI GelC_Meas_1to5 GELC 4 Typical susceptible blast lesions 3 mm or longer, infecting less than 4% of the leaf area 060 2 3 Short 2 061 1 above 50 degrees 11-40% 7 2 020 5 6-25% 5 All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both 5 070 2 Intermediate (stains reddish-blue purple) 8 087 7 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 3 Leaves partly folded in deep V-shape Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead 5 070 7 3 Narrow <1 cm 1 Glabrous (smooth-including ciliated margins) 3 070 1 010 75-94% 5 Semi-erect intermediate ~20 degrees 3 063 7 4 Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile) 9 Few: 5-9 tillers/plant 7 No lesions observed 0 21-40% 5 011 1 1 Very slight damage 7 Horizontal 1 Best elongation response Linear(long and slender) 1 5 purple 3 Vegetative crown and weak rhizomes Completely 100% sterile 1 7 2-cleft 9 black Lesion type is the same as in scale 2, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves 3 Narrow 3 4 Black 10 Leaves fully cupped in U-shape 5 Thermo-photoperiod genic type (TPGMS) 4 1-3 tolerant 042 3 7 31-60% 0% 0 5 Long hairs (velvety) 0 No damage 7 26-50% 11-15% 5 4 reddish brown 7 26-50% 5 Medium 20-39% 7 7 Descending 6 6 9 100 Less than 11% 9 LfFolderDam_EstFld_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LEAFFOLDER Medium 5 7 26-50% 9 All plants dead 5 Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves whitish and rolled, only a few elongating 5 strong present 9 white 1 0 Absent 0 No symptom observed 5 070 7 31-60% Growth and tillering severely retarded, about half of all leaves brown or yellow 5 Dispersed mergingwith collar, low gel temp (<70C) 6 3 Weak 2 084 More than 80% 1 Long 7 light red 5 2 Less than 1% 11-25% 5 More than 1/2 of the leaves injured with no broken leaves 7 2 partially male sterile Medium 5 late 7 No damage observed 0 1 Shallow leaf folding 7 Strong 1 Very slight damage 2 25% of the kernel with chalkiness 5 Horizontal 6 short 3 1 100% of plants survive 1-10% 1 082 11 51-100% 9 0 000 1 Erect 3 052 Brown (tawny) Short ~8 mm 3 7 High 7 Drooping Medium 5 Long ~35 cm 7 7 Spreading >60? 61-80% 3 Easy: >50% of grains removed 3 Tall (lowland: more than 130 cm, upland: more than 125 cm) 9 9 0-49% 7-9 Sensitive 0 No damage 3 Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves discolored Purple lines 2 1 010 2 pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 90% fertile or above Intermediate 2 0 No infection observed 12 083 2 062 1-5% 3 2 Subulate or setaceous Short to intermediate 91-105 cm 4 6 054 1 010 4 75% of the kernel with chalkiness 9 Present Weak most plants nearly flat 7 All plants dead 9 3 080 Purple 1 More than 80% spikelets fertile 1 Small brown specks of pinpoint size or large brown specks without sporulating center on the lower leaves 3 Lesion on a few primary branches or the middle part of panicle axis 9 very strong 7 20-39% 9 Very high (>50%) 5 light red Photoperiod-sensitive genic type (PGMS) 3 7 More than 2/3 of all leaves fully dried 4 Kernel swollen with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp 0 No symptoms 4 Brown furrows on straw 7 light purple 8 7 50-74% One-fourth to 1/2 of all leaves dried 5 7 11-25% 9 Almost all plants dead or dying 3 Highly sterile (99%-99.9%) 7 Short 5.5mm or less 6 080 1 Very weak 8 White 11 Red 6 9 More than 75% of leaf area affected 2 gold No injury 0 1-10% 1 5-10% infected panicles 3 1 011 Whitish Present 9 Long spindle-shaped 5 9 Present 091 10 3 052 Brown (tawny) 2 Thick > 5 Medium Whole length 5 Small roundish to slightly elongated necrotic sporulating spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter with a distinct brown margin or yellow halo 3 2 5 0-10% height reduction, 1-2 leaves ragged/twisted, few veins swollen on leaf collar 0 No scraping Intermediate ~45 cm 5 Typical blast lesions infection 26-50% of the leaf area 7 3 052 Vigorous, fast growing, most plants with 4-5 leaves and 1-2 tillers 3 1 absent or very weak 5 Medium 3 Hairy on lower surface 0 No damage 1 Very abundant: more than 25 tillers/plant 7 5 11-15% Round 1 No disease observed 0 4 040 Gold 3 All plants dead 9 Very short <5 mm 1 2 gold 11 100 Hairy or ciliated 2 1 Less than 1% 5 light red Clustered 3 Curved 2 Acute 5 0 Absent Distinctly yellow and narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers. 5 0 No damage Fertile 75-90% 4 Alternate 2 042 3 060 8 Glabrous 1 5 Abortion at binucleate stage of pollen (CMS-HL type) few drought symptoms 4 3 60-79% 5 Leaves green or pale green with mottling and 6% to 25% of height reduction, flowering slightly delayed Pubescent 3 Upright 1 100 Black 8 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted 7 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 5 060 4 9 Very long >180 6-7 Sensitive 9 More than 50% infected panicles Very weak all plants flat 9 3 early pollen 90% fertile or above, spikelets 75-89% fertile 3 1 Glabrous 1 Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center No damage 0 Pointed 1 054 6 Absent 0 1 Less than 1% 4 Rolling of entire length of all leaves, pronounced yellowing 7 4-5% 3 1 Less than 1% 084 3 purple furrows 5 Hairs on upper portion 3 9 26-100% Very slight damage 1 061 5 very late 9 Long 3 Emarginate 4 0 No injury 5 75-94% 5 6-25% 3 Short (~30 cm) strong 7 4 0 No injury Erect 1 6 Acuminate 2 6 Nuclear type 4 9 Extra long number of panicles per plant scale Grassy stunt 2 disease Severity RGSV2Sev Grassy stunt 2 The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 2 virus (RGSV2). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, yellow to orange and narrow leaves with small rusty spots Germination The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis. Seed germination SdGerm Seed cm Leaf Photosynthetic rate Photosynthetic rate Carbon dioxide assimilation rate of the leaf PS Average culm diameter - wild species Wild species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of five representative plants Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) NRGQASC - Grain width degree Celsius mm Kneeing ability estimation SES Estimate the tiller angle at the point of kneeing Attitude Panicle axis attitude Panicle axis PanAxAtt The attitude of the main axis of the panicle, which ranges from straight upright to droopy Grain Phenotypic Acceptability Phenotypic Acceptability PhenAcc An overall assessment of phenotypic acceptability of the grains for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets No scale name found millimeter Weight per plant GYplt Spikelet Amount of grain (weight) produced per one plant Grain yield per plant culm angle UPOV scale g per plot Lodging incidence Lodging Incidence LodInc Describes the tendency of plants to lodge /(fall flat/) drought recovery scale Spikelets per panicle Culm diameter - 1st internode Diameter of basal portion (ie 1st elongated internode) of the main culm 1st elongated culm internode Diameter CulmDiam millimeter leaf scald damage scale gram Panicle branch arrangement scale Average - Panicle temperature Take representative panicles, measure temperature near panicle surface with an infrared gun and take the average percent View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the wider portion of the culm Image analysis - Major culm diameter square millimeter Culm node Culm node underlying colour Underlying colour Colour of nodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings CulmNodUndCol Awn length AwLng Length of awns Length Awn Distance PanBasBrDist Panicle distance to basal branch Panicle/basal branch Distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch case worm damage scale Apiculus of lemma ApSh Shape of the apiculus of the lemma Shape Apiculus shape Stigma exsertion calculation Count the number of florets that have completed anthesis on a given day and the number of those florets that have exserted stigma on one or both sides of the floret. Calculate the proportion of florets with exserted stigma Bacterial blight race 1 damage estimation field Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 1 The type and severity of bacterial blight symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Symptoms: lesions usually start near the leaf tip or leaf margins or both, and extend down the outer edge(s). Young lesions are pale green to grayish green, later turning yellow to gray (dead) with time. In very susceptible varieties, lesions may extend to the entire leaf length into the leaf sheath Bacterial blight damage Bacterial blight Damage BBDam KSmut The type and severity of kernel smut symptoms caused by Tilletia barclayana causing kernel smut. Kernel smut Incidence Kernel smut Measure the length of main axis of the mature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average Average panicle length - mature Observe the damage to panicles Panicle blast damage estimation Take a milled rice NIR spectrum and predict the amylose content using chemiometrics. Amylose content - NIRS Colour of the lemma and palea Lemma and palea LmPCol Colour Lemma and palea color percent Caryopsis Shape of the caryopsis Caryopsis shape CaryoShp Shape Culm wall thickness CwallT Distance between the perimeter of the hollow pith and the epidermis Culm wall Width Tolerance Submergence tolerance Submergence The ability of plants to survive a period of submergence SubTol The extent of damage caused by birds. Bird BirdDam Bird damage Damage Calculation - Culm porosity Calculate the ratio of pith area to culm area Rice delphacid injury assessment field Observe the damages on plants caused by rice delphacid. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Grain The extent of discoloration of glumes caused by species of Sarocladium, Bipolaris, Alternaria, Gerlachia, Fusarium, Phoma, Curcularia, Trichoconiella, and Pseudomonas. Symptoms: Darkening of glumes of spikelets, brown color to black including rotten glumes. Intensity ranges from sporadic discoloration to discoloration of the whole glume Discoloration by fungal diseases Grain discoloration GrDiscol Estimate the stunting and discoloration Rice tungro disease estimation Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root diameter based on image Winrhyzo analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length. Image analysis - Root diameter using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Stem borer whitehead damage assessment Near grain maturity, observe the proportion of panicles that have whiteheads. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 10% of panicles with whiteheads Brown spot damage estimation Estimate the % leaf area diseased Calculation - Relative flag leaf size Take the ratio of flag leaf area to area of the leaf below the flag leaf mature apiculus anthocyanin scale Root Root surface area Total surface area of root system RtA Surface area gram percent At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart Stem borer deadheart damage assessment FSpProp Spikelet Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains Filled spikelet proportion Proportion awn length scale wild kg per kg CulmNo Number Culm Culm number Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers after full heading LmPPub Lemma and palea Pubescence Lemma and palea pubescence Describes the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemma and palea Take leaf sap from youngest fully expanded leaves, trolox equivalent of samples obtained by regression equation with trolox standard Manual measurement - ORAC assay Total porosity Culm Ratio of aerenchyma and pith area to culm area CulmTP Culm total porosity Pollen Abortion pattern Abortion pattern Describes the stage at which pollen grains abort in male sterile lines. AP millimeter cm ThripDam Thrip Thrip damage The extent of damage caused by thrips (Stenchaetothrips biformis) Damage Fertility restoration evaluation Step 1 (pollen fertility: see pollen sterility score): Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the percentage that are fertile, and score. Step 2 (spikelet fertility): count the number of filled grains andtotal spikelets per panicle and convert into percentage fertile. Score the combination of pollen fertility with spikelet fertility Seeding date Date of effective seeding, ie the date when seeds were first moistened This may be the date of soaking for pre-soaked seed, or the date of sowing for dry seed sown onto a wet seedbed, or the date when rain or other moisture becomes available to seed sown dry on a dry seedbed seeding date Plant SdDate Stem StSTR Stem total structural materials content Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content of stem Non-structural material content AurShp Auricle anthocyanin Auricle Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles Anthocyanin content Alkali Injury Alkali injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in alkaline soils AlkInj Sterile lemma Colour of the sterile lemmas Colour Sterile lemma color StrLmCol Weight THfGW Half-filled spikelets Half-filled grain weight Dry weight of a half-filled spikelet, including the hull seedling vigor scale Take subsample of half-filled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain Average - half-filled spikelet weight The type and severity of yellow dwarf symptoms caused by a mycoplasma. Symptoms: pale yellow, droopy leaves, excessive tillering and stunting YellowDwarfSev Severity Yellow dwarf Yellow dwarf Yellow mottle disease Yellow mottle The type and severity of yellow mottle disease symptoms caused by rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV). Symptoms: stunting, reduced tillering, mottling and yellowing streaking of the leaves, delayed flowering or incomplete emergence of the panicles, in extreme cases, death of plants Severity YellowMottleSev Panicle dry weight per plant Panicle dry weight per plant Panicle PDWplt Weight per plant mm Dry weight of half-filled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis Half-filled spikelet weight per area HFSpY Weight per area Spikelet Collar color Observe the colour of the leaf collar against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references Colour AurCol Auricle color Color of the auricle Auricle Estimate the % spikelet fertility of plants exposed to high temperature during ... ? Flowering? Ripening? Flowering heat injury Damage RatDam Rat damage The extent of damage caused by rats. Symptoms: the tiller is cut at a 45 degrees angle. Damage is typically heavier in the center of a crop (stadium effect). A tiller cut through by a rodent is likely to regrow, if this is after maximum tillering then the regrown tiller is unlikely to produce panicles prior to harvest. Often the regrown, but non productive, tillers are not scored as rodent damage. Rat Proportion Half-filled spikelet HFSpPct Half-filled spikelets proportion Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are half-filled millimeter mg g-1 dry matter millimeter This is a compound trait used for F1 hybrids combining the proportion of fertile spikelets at maturity with the proportion of fertile pollen at anthesis Fertility restoration FertRest Fertility restoration Plant Monitor daily , note the date when 80-85% of grains on panicles are mature, and count the number of days lapsed since the date of effective seeding Maturity days after seeding Estimate the proportion of spikelet fertility after exposure to drought Drought estimation spikelet sterility Flag leaf-1 width Flag leaf-1 FL1W Width of leaf below the flag leaf Width Salt injury assessment Observe growth in saline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores. awn presence scale UPOV Average - Stem dry weight Oven dry representative stems at 70degC to constant weight. Weigh and take the average stem weight Unfilled spikelets proportion Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are unfilled Unfilled spikelet Proportion UFSpPct Collect 5-10 blooming florets of a male sterile line from different plants and measure the average angle of the opening between glumes (viz., lemma and palea) Glume opening angle millimeter Total number of spikelets per unit area Number per area Spikelets density SpD Spikelet RWhorlMaggDam Rice whorl maggot Damage The extent of plant damage caused by rice whorl maggot (Hydrellia philippina). Symptoms: maggots eat the leaf margins causing conspicuous injury and sometimes stunting of plants Rice whorl maggot damage Male sterility estimation Examine pollen grains under a microscrope and estimate the proportion that are sterile Assess pubescence (hairiness) of the ligules under a hand lens. Ligule pubescence estimation Describes the tendency of stigmas to be exserted on one or both sides of the florets Stigma Stigma exsertion StgExers Exsertion Count the number of unfilled spikelets per panicle of representative panicles and then take the average Averaged Manual measurement - Unfilled spikelet number per panicle Observe the percentage of the panicle that is inside the flag leaf sheath Panicle exsertion male sterile estimation Panicle Number of panicles per hill PanHill Number per hill Panicles per hill gel consistency scale apiculus shape scale About 2 weeks after flowering, measure grain weight twice at a week interval. Then, compute the grain filling rate by dividing the difference in weight by the time interval. Eg grain weight at 21 days after flowering minus grain weight at 15 days after flowering divided by six days Calculation - Grain filling rate millimeter Scent Sct Scent Describes the aroma of rice grains Caryopsis Calculation - Milled rice rate Calculate as the ratio of milled rice weight to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 PDMaj Pith major diameter Pith Diameter of the wider portion of pith Diameter Panicle axis observation Observe the attitude of the main axis of the panicle gram per plant Stem aerenchyma Number of air spaces in the culm Number AerN Aerenchyma number Ragged stunt RaggedStuntSev Severity Ragged stunt disease The type and severity of ragged stunt symptoms caused by rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV). Symptoms: plants are stunted but remain dark green. Leaves are ragged and twisted. Vein swelling on leaf collar, leaf blades and leaf sheaths FSpPan Filled spikelet Filled spikelets per panicle Number of spikelets with a filled grain per panicle Number per panicle The proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains Fertility SpkFer Spikelet fertility Spikelet Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damages on seedlings Measure the distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule on the penultimate leaf of five plants, and calculate the average Average ligule length 1000 grain weight scale g per 1000 spikelets centimeter CulmSP Culm specific porosity Ratio of aerenchyma area to cortex area Specific porosity Culm % of plants that lodged Days Average leaf length Measure length of the penultimate leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average mm/mm lemma and palea pubescence scale UPOV Plant Maturity Time elapsed from effective seeding date to grain ripening defined as when 80-85% of grains on panicle are mature (growth stage 9) TMat Time to maturity Transpiration rate Tr Rate of water loss from the leaf Leaf Transpiration rate Calculation - Stomatal resistance Take inverse of stomatal conductance Panicles per hill Bag two primary panicles of at least 50 plants with glassine bags before their anthesis begins to prevent cross pollination. At maturity, count the filled (fertile) and unfilled (sterile) spikelets of the bagged panicles, calculate the proportion that are sterile Spikelet sterility calculation Stem total nonstructural carbohydrate content Nonstructural carbohydrate content in the stem Non-structural carbohydrate content Stem StNSC coleoptile anthocyanin scale No of chromosomes Plant height defined as distance from the soil surface to the highest point of the plant (panicle or flag leaf) excluding awns Plant height Height PlntHt Plant Score RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9 5 weeks after inoculation in the greenhouse, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored . Ragged stunt disease index Culm node anthocyanin presence Estimate the presence/absence of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm. Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath Stem minor diameter - 2nd internode SDMin Minor diameter 2nd elongated stem internode phosphorus deficiency tillering field scale Average sterile lemma length - longer If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet have different lengths, measure the average length of the longer sterile lemma of five spikelets gram The width of the caryopsis at its widest point at right angles to its length (ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling the grain and before milling) Width CaryoWdt Caryopsis width Caryopsis awn color scale mature IRRI Root diameter Diameter of a cross-section of the root Diameter RtD Root Take flag leaf and measure temperature near leaf surface with an infrared gun Manual measurement - Flag leaf temperature Vigor Vigor Plant An overall description of the vigour of plant growth, combining several components such as number of tillers, plant height, number of leaves, canopy density PlntVg Panicle axis texture scale apiculus color SES scale Distance from soil surface to top of canopy Height Canopy height CanH Canopy Observe the extent to which grains have shattered from the panicle before being threshed Panicle shattering estimation Length of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea Length Grain length GrLng Spikelet phenotypic acceptability scale Calculation - Half-filled spikelet percentage Take the number of half-filled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100 degree Celsius Leaf blade anthocyanin presence Estimate visually the presence or absence of a purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf blade anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade gram Leaf blade LfBladGreen Greeness Intensity of greenness on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade, if visible under any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin Leaf blade greenness Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence Observe the presence and intensity of any purplish colour that can be attributed to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Average - Minor stem diameter Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the narrower portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter. Take yield expressed on an area basis and multiply with plot size Calculation - Grain yield per plot Calculation - Grain yield per plant Derive grain weight per plant from number of productive panicles per plant, 1000-grain weight, and number filled spikelets per panicle. brown planthopper injury scale field Iron toxicity Injury Iron toxicity injury IronInj The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high (toxic) iron content in the growing medium Time elapsed from date of emergence to flowering stage Time to flowering (from emergence) Time to flowering from emergence Spikelet DFlwE Analytical measurement - Total stem extractives content Predict total stem extractives content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra degree Celsius Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per hill TilHill Tiller number per hill Number per plant Tiller leaf blade pubescence scale wild Spikelet sterility Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain unfilled grains Proportion Sterile spikelet SpkSter HFSpPan Number per panicle Half-filled spikelet Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per panicle Half-filled spikelets per panicle Estimate the orientation of primary branches on representative panicles by comparing them with a diagram of the categories or with photographs of the reference variety for each category Panicle type assessment Average - Productive tiller number per plant Count all productive tillers in representative plants and take the average BS Damage Brown spot The type and severity of brown spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Bipolaris oryzae, Drechslera oryzae). Symptoms: typical leaf spots are small, oval or circular and dark brown. Larger lesions usually have the same color on the edges but have a pale, usually grayish center. Most spots have a light yellow halo around the outer edge. Brown spot damage Green leafhopper injury assessment field Observe the damage on the seedlings caused by green leafhopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Wild species: take a random sample of 10 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance 10 grain weight measurement Calculation - Total dry matter Take the total dry weight of straw, rachis, and grain (filled and unfilled) and express on a per unit area Awn color examination immature Examine the colour of the awns after anthesis against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Observe growth in soil with toxic concentrations of iron Iron injury assessment Observe the proportion of plants that are lodged at harvest Lodging incidence estimation ORAC Antioxydant activity Oxygen radical absorbance capacity Antioxidant activity of leaf extracts Leaf Panicle blast incidence Count only the number of panicles with lesions covering completely around the node, neck or lower part of the panicle axis (symptom type 7-9), and estimate their percentage Panicles per m2 Productive tiller number per plant Total number of productive tillers arising from the base of each plant Number per plant Reproductive tiller TilProd Leaf Position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base LfAng Leaf angle Angle Drought recovery DhtRecov The extent to which plants recover when soaked with water after exposure to drought. The extent of recovery depends strongly on the severity of drought. Recovery Drought Flag leaf temperature Flag leaf surface temperature Temperature Flag leaf FLfT seedling cold injury scale grain discoloration incidence scale Calculation - Days to flowering from emergence Calculate the number of days between emergence and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the diameter of the air space in the culm Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma diameter Average - Major culm diameter Remove leaf sheath and measure wider width of second elongated internodes from the base and take the average The type and severity of false smut symptoms caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. Symptoms: Infected grains are transformed into yellow-greenish or greenish-black velvety-looking spore balls. Incidence False smut FSmut False smut Sheath rot incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that are diseased Dry weight of stems and leaves per plant Straw Weight per plant StDM Straw dry matter per plant LmPColOrn Colour ornementation Lemma and palea Lemma and palea color ornementation Colour ornamentation of the lemma and palea. It characterizes the colours present only on parts of the lemma and palea Brown planthopper biotype 2 injury assessment Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 2 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Calculate the average length of the awns on 10 randomly selected spikelets Average awn length ligule margin shape scale Calculation - Days to 50% flowering from sowing Calculate the number of days between sowing and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Caryopsis length SES Measure and score the length of the caryopsis centimeter Leaffolder single leaf injury assessment In a greenhouse test, observe the early injury from leaffolder to each leaf on young plants Pattern Spikelet on secondary branch of panicle The abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle Secondary panicle branching Pan2ndBr rice whorl maggot damage scale Cook freshly harvested grains and smell the aroma Sensed aroma cooked ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) Sheath blight Relative height Sheath blight ShBltInc The type and severity of sheath blight symptoms caused by Thanethoporus cucumeris (Rhizoctonia solani). Symptoms: ellipsoidal, necrotic grayish-green lesions, which may enlarge and coalesce with other lesions, initially on lower leaf sheaths Damage Gall midge damage Gall midge GallMidgeDam The extent of plant damage caused by gall midge (Orseolia oryzae). Symptoms: light-colored tubular galls resembling an onion leaf on the youngest leaf of the shoot in a tiller. culm internode underlying colour scale The extent of damage caused by brown planthopper (Nilparvata lugens). Symptoms: Partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy Damage BPHDam Brown planthopper damage Brown planthopper Cold Ability of a plant to grow and develop normally under cold conditions. Key periods of sensitivity are during seedling growth, tillering, and flowering ColdSens Sensitivity Cold tolerance Measure the average length of the sterile lemmas of five spikelets. If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet differ in length, measure only the shorter one. Average sterile lemma length - shorter Stigma StgmCol Color of stigma Stigma color Colour Calculation - Culm diameter from image analysis Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters measured by image analysis % Caryopsis length SES scale SMTwp Water extraction capacity Capcaity of the plant to extract water from the soil Plant Water extraction capacity Leaf blade anthocyanin distribution Estimate the penultimate leaf blade for distribution of any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade. Fertile tiller Tiller fertility Proportion FerTil Proportion of reproductive tillers The type and severity of tungro symptoms caused by the Rice tungro virus bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). Symptoms: yellow to yellow orange leaves, stunting and slightly reduced tillering Severity RTungroSev Rice tungro disease Rice tungro Distribution Awn distribution The proportion and distribution of awned spikelets on a panicle Awn AwDist GlOp Opening Glume Glume opening The extent to which the glumes (i.e. the lemma and palea) of a floret open during blooming Colour ApCol Apiculus of lemma Color of the apiculus of the lemma Apiculus color Secondary panicle branching observation Observe the abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle, and by referring to a diagram of standards Average - Panicles per plant Count the number of panicles on representative plants and compute the average 2nd elongated culm internode CDMin Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath Culm minor diameter - 2nd internode Minor diameter Caryopsis length/width ratio scale SES ligule shape scale UPOV Thickness Thickness of grain with hull Grain thickness Spikelet GrThk CDef Deformation Flatness of the culm Culm Culm degree of deformation Panicle axis texture assessment Wild species: assess the texture of the main panicle axis by rubbing fingers from the base towards the tip and assess the smoothness sterile lemma color scale wild Compute the length/width ratio Caryopsis length:width ratio SES culm node anthocyanin scale culm diameter scale cult Calculation - Harvest index Take ratio of grain yield to total dry matter per area Time of 50% heading estimation Estimate the earliness of the heading in plots, defining time of heading as the date when 50% of plants have panicles halfway emerged cm2 g-1 rice tungro disease scale Bacterial blight damage estimation field Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test Calculation - Specific culm porosity Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area to cortex area Damage Leaffolder The extent of leaf damage caused by leaffolder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis or Marasmia patnalis). Symptoms: Larvae consume the leaf tissue except the epidermis, causing typical white streaks. They create a leaf tube during later stages of feeding Leaffolder damage LfFolderDam BLSCol Colour Basal leaf sheath color Colour of the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Basal leaf sheath Flag leaf angle estimation wild Wild species: 7 days after anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves CwallA Area of the culm wall Area Culm wall area Culm wall ligule color scale cult kg per ha millimeter brown planthopper injury scale greenhouse LfSen Describes how soon leaves senesce Leaf senescence Leaf Senescence submergence relative survival scale Estimate the relative lesion height, as the average height above the soil of the uppermost lesion on a leaf blade or leaf sheath expressed as a percentage of the average plant height. Sheath blight relative height estimation brown planthopper biotype 2 injury scale Calculation - Spikelets half-filled weight on area basis Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis Underlying colour CulmINodUnderCol Culm internode Culm internode underlying colour Colour of internodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings Aerenchyma area Stem aerenchyma Area Area of an air space in a cross-section of the culm AerA Collar anthocyanin presence Observe the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the collars The weight of a spikelet that is filled with a grain Filled grain weight FGW Weight Filled spikelet millimeter Stem Starch content StSTA Starch content in the stem Stem starch content gall midge injury scale greenhouse pericarp colour IRRI scale square millimeter Aerenchyma flowering heat injury scale Count the average number of panicles per plant. Number of panicles per plant count Manual measurement - Leaf surface temperature in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf temperature with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Awn AwThk Thickness of awns Awn thickness Thickness Drought recovery estimation 10 days after soaking rain or watering ends a period of drought, estimate the % of plants that recover. Indicate the degree of drought stress before watering Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration Grassy stunt 2 disease estimation Thickness of the leaf sheath surrounding the stem LfST Leaf sheath thickness Leaf sheath Thickness CaryoLng Caryopsis length The length of the caryopsis, ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling (decorticating) the grain and before milling, commonly known as brown rice Length Caryopsis yellow dwarf disease scale hoja blanca reproductive disease scale Aboveground dry matter Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per area Yield TDM Dry matter yield PBSev The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Panicle blast Panicle blast severity Severity Flag leaf width FlgLfWdt Flag leaf Width Width of the uppermost leaf of the main culm grams per square meter In a greenhouse test, grow each line in culture solution under two conditions: 0.5ppm P (low P) and 10ppm P (standard P). Estimate the propoprtion of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P Phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse millimeter Stigma color examination Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the stigmata when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare the colour against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. sterile lemma length scale Seedling vigor Assess the vigor of seedlings basal leaf sheath anthocyanin scale Estimate the proportion of panicles that are damaged by birds Bird damage incidence estimation Analytical measurement - Sucrose content Predict sucrose content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. anthocyanin below apiculus scale immature Materials content Total stem materials content StTWT Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content of stem Stem BLS The type and severity of bacterial leaf streak symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. Symptoms: linear lesions with small bacterial exudates Damage Bacterial leaf streak Bacterial leaf streak damage percent Chlorophyll content FLCC Flag leaf chlorophyll content Flag leaf Chlorophyll content in the uppermost leaf of the main culm The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in soils or other growth medium with high salt content Salt SaltInj Injury Salt injury ufra incidence scale Yellow stem borer deadheart damage assessment At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart caused by Scirpophaga incertulas. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart Number of spikelets with filled grains per unit area Filled spikelet density Number per area FSD Filled spikelet Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected Udbatta disease incidence estimation fertility restoration scale Average panicle length - immature Measure the length of main axis of the immature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average Record the date of effective seeding Seeding date observation Pool representative flag leaves and leaves below the flag leaf and oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average Average - Pooled oven dry weight Leaf surface temperature Leaf Temperature LfT Leaf temperature Measure the distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch on five representative panicles and calculate their average Average panicle distance to basal branch cubic centimeter StrLmLng Sterile lemma Length Sterile lemma length Length of sterile lemmas Rice bug damage assessment Observe the proportion of injured grains per panicle caused by rice bug degrees seedling height scale millimeter Calculation - Filled spikelet percentage Take the number of filled spikelets and divide by the total number of spikelets per panicle, multiply by 100 auricle anthocyanin presence scale mm Green leaf SGr Proportion Proportion of leaves that stayed green until the maturity stage Stay-green Anther Anther colour Colour of anther Colour AnCo Cervitec reading panicle blast damage scale Predict protein content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Protein content Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 3 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Brown planthopper biotype 3 injury assessment Take yield per plant and multiply with plants density Calculation - Grain yield from plant density Predict starch content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Starch content day Straw dry matter weight (ie aboveground dry matter without the grains) per area Straw Yield StDM Straw yield Brown planthopper injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of brown planthoppers and observe the damage on the seedlings Caryopsis width scale ligule pubescence scale 1 Average - Straw yield Dry aboveground plant parts, excluding panicles. Weigh and take the average weight per plant Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Fertile pollen grains will be round and well stained, sterile pollen grains will be unstained or partially stained, and withered or round. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the proportion that are sterile Pollen sterility calculation g per 1000 spikelets Culm angle estimation Estimate by eye the average angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical sensed aroma cooked scale millimeter Shape of the ligule Shape LigShp Ligule shape Ligule Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade Leaf blade anthocyanin Anthocyanin content LfBladAnth Leaf blade Ratio of aerenchyma area to culm area Partial porosity CulmPP Culm partial porosity Culm Leaf blast damage amount Estimate the percentage of leaf area affected by leaf blast Ligule Length Ligule length Length of ligule, defined as distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule LigLng Calculate ratio of total aerenchyma area to culm area Calculation - Partial culm porosity Longest awn length Cultivated species: measure the length of the longest awn Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure photosynthetic rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Gas exchange photosynthetic rate in SITIS platform Apiculus shape examination Examine the shape (pointed, curved) of the apiculus Panicle branch arrangement PanBrArr Arrangement Panicle branch The arrangement of primary branches on the panicle axis, grouped into whorls or individually on alternate sides MaleSterGp A classification of male sterility according to the type or cause of sterility Male pollen Male sterility group Sterility cause Time to flowering from sowing Spikelet Time to flowering (from sowing) DFlwS Time elapsed from date of sowing to flowering stage Panicle PanLng Length Length of panicle defined as the distance from the base to the tip of the panicle when the main axis of the panicle is held straight Panicle length USpD Number per area Unfilled spikelets density Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per unit area Unfilled spikelet Keel anthocyanin mature scale cm2 cm-2 PBDam Panicle blast The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Panicle blast damage Damage Ligule shape determination - cultivated Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice Male sterility group assignment ? No info in SES on how to identify the group Length of the second internode from the base Second internode length 2nd elongated culm internode Length Int2L CO2 Concentration Sub-stomatal cavity carbon dioxide concentration Leaf CI Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Calculation - Days to flowering from transplanting Calculate the number of days between transplanting and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Calculation -Total structural materials Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content from PLS-FTIR analysis Average - Total leaf number Count number of fully expanded leaves that appeared on representatiove plants from germination to flowering. Take the average number grams per square meter Leaves per plant Stem rot incidence estimation Estimate the propotion of tillers that are infected Pith Diameter PithD Diameter of the hollow portion of the culm Pith diameter Total volume of root system Root volume Volume Root RtV Area of the hollow region of the culm Pith Area Pith area PithA Stomatal conductance Water vapor conductance Stomata Gs Rate of passage of water vapor through the leaf UfraDam Incidence The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by the stem nematode Ditylenchus angustus. Symptoms: leaf mottling or chlorotic discoloration in a splash pattern at base of young leaves in stem elongation or mid-tillering stage, brown stains may develop on leaves and sheaths which later intensify to a dark brown color, distortion (twisting and withering) of young leaves, distortion of panicles which either remain enclosed within a swollen sheath, or partially emerge but are twisted and with unfilled grains, or emerge completely but with unfilled grains and resembling a whitehead. Ufra Ufra Dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf Flag leaf-1 FL1Dw Dry weight Flag leaf-1 dry weight Greenhouse screening: divide the % of plants that survive submergence by the survival of the tolerant control variety e.g. FR13A, and express as a percentage Submergence relative survival assessment Yellow dwarf disease assessment Estimate the type and severity of symptoms on secondary growth after cutting at the base Count number of elongated internodes starting from the base of the main culm to the neck node Average - Number of elongated internodes Dry weight of flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Pooled dry weight of the flag leaf and the leaf below it Dry weight FLpDw First heading date observation Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which first flush of flowering heads appear Stem total lignin content StLIG Stem Total lignin content in the stem Lignin content Panicle temperature Temperature PanT Panicle Panicle surface temperature day Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the width of ten caryopses at their widest point at right angles to its length and calculate their average Caryopsis width measurement panicle threshability scale RD culm node underlying colour scale Number per hill Spikelets per hill Spikelet Total number of spikelets per hill SpHill Place hulls from 10 grains into a petri dish of 5 cm diameter, add 5 ml of 1.5% phenol solution, cover the petri dish, and keep at room temperature for 1 day. Observe the intensity of the reaction of the phnol on the lemmas Lemma phenol reaction Grain width UPOV estimation Measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point brown spot damage scale Culm node Anthocyanin content CulmNodAnth Purplish markings, if any, on nodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin Culm node anthocyanin Grain elongation Grain GrElong The extend to which grains elongate during cooking. High elongation is typical of basmati types of rice Elongation Dry weight Flag leaf Flag leaf dry weight Dry weight of the uppermost leaf on the main culm FLDw Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the wider portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter. Average - Major stem diameter Vapourise the main component of aroma in rice (2AP: 2-acetyl-1pyrroline)) by adding 10 ml of a 1.7% solution of KOH to 2 g of freshly harvested decorticated grains. Smell the aroma after ten minutes Sensed aroma uncooked day Calculation - Soil moisture tension at wilting point Derive from the soil moisture retention (pF) curve using the soil moisture content at wilting point. Flag leaf angle estimation cult early Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Remove leaf sheath and measure narrower width of the second elongated internode from the base and take the average Average - Minor culm diameter The type and severity of udbatta disease symptoms caused by Balansia oryzae-sativae (Ephelis oryzae). Symptoms: a white mycelial mat ties the panicle branches together so that they emerge as single, small, cylindrical rods. Udbatta disease Incidence Udbatta disease UDInc Leaf folder injury assessment field Use an augmented experimental design, with a susceptible and resistant check (if available) after every 10 test entries. Replicate test entries three times if seed is available. Observe the proportion of plants with injured and folded leaves. The susceptible check should average at least 40% to accept the test as a measure of resistance mol H2O m-2 s-1 number of tillers leaf length scale panicle exsertion male sterile scale Brown rice rate Proportion Proportion of brown rice (dehulled grains) obtained from rough rice (hulled grain) BRR Dehulled grain after milling Describes the extent of outcrossing of male sterile lines OutXExt Outcrossing extent Outcrossing extent Plant flag leaf angle scale cult late yellow stem borer deadheart damage scale GLWR Length to width ratio Grain Ratio of grain length to grain width Grain length to width ratio Time to maturity from transplanting DMatT Time to maturity (from transplanting) Spikelet Time elapsed from date of transplanting to physiological maturity stage Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root volume based on image analysis Image analysis - Root volume using WinRhizo in SITIS platform bacterial blight race 2 damage scale field panicle length scale phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse scale Length of penultimate leaf blade Leaf length LfLng Leaf Length rat damage incidence scale gram Measure length of the flag leaf, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average Average flag leaf length Average grain thickness Wild species: using a calliper or photo-enlarger, measure the average of 10 representative grains DhtInj The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by drought. Leaf rolling precedes leaf drying during drought. Response to drought is highly responsive to crop phenology, plant growth prior to stress, and the timing, duration, and intensity of drought stress. For many soils, it takes at least 2 rainless weeks during the vegetative stage to cause marked differences in response and at least 7 rainless days during the reproductive stage to cause severe drought injury. Repeated ratings are recommended through progress of the drought. Record the stage of plant growth when the stress occurred and the number of stress days. Injury Drought Drought injury Average culm diameter - cultivated species Cultivated species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of three representative plants Partial porosity ratio mg g-1 dry matter Auricle color examination Examine the colour of the auricles against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Immature apiculus color examination Examine the colour of the apiculus of immature lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references HeatSens Heat Heat injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high temperature. The key period of sensitivity is during flowering Sensitivity Stem elongation The ability of the stem to elongate as flood water rises and thus to keep the topmost leaves above water level Stem StmElong Elongation CDMaj Major diameter Culm major diameter - 2nd internode Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath 2nd elongated culm internode ligule color scale wild culm length scale Image analysis - Major pith diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the wider portion of the culm pith Mature apiculus color examination Examine the colour of the apiculus of maturing lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references Estimate by observing all leaves below the flag leaf for their retention of greenness when the grains are ready for harvesting Leaf senescence harvest estimation Length of the uppermost leaf of the main culm Length Flag leaf FlgLfLng Flag leaf length Calculate as the ratio of soil oven-dried weight to soil fresh weight at wilting point. Calculation - Soil moisture content at wilting point Sterile lemma color examination cult Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Rice tungro disease estimation - greenhouse Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RTungroSev_Est_0to9 after 4 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Estimate the % of leaf area that have been scraped by case worms Case worm damage assessment KneeAb The ability of a stem, after it has fallen flat e.g. after floodwater recedes, to start growing upright from a young node (the knee)) and bear panicles, typically an ability expressed by deepwater varieties (applicable only in conditions where culms have fallen flat) kneeing ability Stem Kneeing ability Flag leaf-1 Flag leaf-1 specific leaf area Specific area FL1Sla Ratio of area to dry weight of the leaf below the flag leaf rice delphacid injury scale field Injury Zinc deficiency injury Zinc deficiency ZnDefInj The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of zinc in the growing medium Code Observe the vigor, leaf colour and damage to seedlings grown at 10 degrees C Seedling cold injury Stem rot Incidence Stem rot The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by Magnaporthe salvinii (Nakatea sigmoidea, Sclerotium oryzae) and Helminthosporium sigmoideum var. irregulare. Symptoms: dark lesions develop on the stems near the water line. Small, dark bodies (sclerotia) develop, weaken the stem and cause lodging. StmRotInc Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected Kernel smut incidence estimation Panicle exsertion PanExs Extent to which the panicle is exserted above (i.e. protrudes from), as opposed to being enclosed within, the flag leaf sheath Panicle Exsertion Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis Calculation - Unfilled spikelets per square meter Calculate from the number of filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 Calculation - Filled spikelet per panicle Average grain width Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains leaf senescence harvest scale Take the average stem aerenchyma area and multiply by the stem aerenchyma number Calculation - Total aerenchyma area Proportion of head rice (kernel longer or equal to 3/4 full length of the kernel) obtained from milling the rough rice (grain with hull) Intact dehulled grain after milling HMRR Head milled rice rate Proportion % Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin Anthocyanin content BLSAnth Basal leaf sheath Observe the severity of damage caused by rice whorl maggot Rice whorl maggot damage assessment Panicles per plant Drought estimation leaf rolling Estimate the extent of leaf rolling on exposure to drought Anthocyanin below apiculus examination mature Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the area just below the apiculus of the lemma Anthocyanin content BApAnth Lemma below apiculus Anthocyanin below apiculus Average seedling height Measure the height of 10 seedlings from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade, and calculate the average Panicle branch arrangement assessment Observe whether primary branches on the panicle axis are grouped into whorls or are borne individually on alternate sides Number Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per panicle Unfilled spikelet Unfilled spikelets per panicle USpPan percent Caryopsis shape scale UPOV gall midge injury scale field Dry weight per plant Leaf dry weight per plant Total dry weight of leaves per plant Leaf LDWplt mg g-1 dry matter Colour PericCol Pericarp Pericarp colour Colour of the pericarp Length Peduncle length Peduncle PedL Length of the stalk bearing the panicle Observe the intensity of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm. Culm node anthocyanin intensity Ligule LigCol Color of the ligule Colour Ligule color Incidence ShRotInc The type and severity of sheath rot symptoms caused by Soracladium oryzae. Symptoms: oblong or irregular brown to grey lesions on the leaf sheath near panicle, sometimes coalescing to prevent emergence of panicle. Sheath rot Sheath rot Measure weight of filled grains from primary and secondary panicles harvested on one plant. Repeat measurement on representative plants. Take the average Average - Grain yield per plant mg g-1 dry matter Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment field Observe the damages on plants caused by whitebacked planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage culm diameter scale wild Flag leaf-1 area Flag leaf-1 FL1A Area Area of the leaf below the flag leaf Calculation - Specific leaf area of pooled flag leaf Take the ratio of the pooled flag leaf area and the pooled flag leaf oven dry weight Green leafhopper injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings leaf blade anthocyanin presence scale Unfilled spikelets Unfilled grain weight TUfGW Weight Dry weight of an unfilled spikelet, including the hull Case worm damage CaseWormDam Damage The extent of plant damage caused by caseworm (Nymphula depunctalis). Symptoms: only the papery upper epidermis of the leaf remains after larvae have fed on the internal leaf tissue Caseworm Spikelets per panicle Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice Ligule shape determination Spikelets per panicle Panicle exsertion estimation Observe the extent to which panicles are exserted above the flag leaf sheath day Cultivated species: assess the hairiness of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards Leaf blade pubescence Gradually heat a sample of milled rice using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), which measures the energy expended to raise the temperature of starch crystals as they gelatinize and melt. The temperature at which energy expenditure is maximum (peak temperature) provides a precise measure of gelatinization temperature. Peak temperature whitebacked planthopper injury scale field Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the length of ten caryopses and calculate the average Caryopsis length measurement Estimate the proportion and distribution of leaf area diseased Leaf scald damage estimation Coleoptile anthocyanin evaluation Place non-dormant grains on moistened filter paper and cover with a petri-dish lid during germination. After the coleoptiles have reached a length of about 5 mm in darkness, place them in artificial light (daylight equivalent) at 750-1250 lux continuously for 3 to 4 days, at a temperature of 25 to 30 degrees Centigrade. Observe colour when the coleoptile is fully with first leaf just emerging (about 6 to 7 days) awn length scale cult Calculation - Leaf sheath thickness Take the difference between the stem diameter and culm diameter and divide this by 2 awn presence scale wild In a greenhouse test, adjust the unadjusted injury ratings R for test entries by dividing by R for the susceptible check and multiplying by 100% Leaffolder adjusted injury rating Zinc deficiency injury assessment Observe growth in a growing medium with a deficiency of zinc millimeter Rice delphacid injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on seedlings leaffolder injury scale greenhouse Plant height average Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of represenrtative plants and calculate the average lemma and palea pubescence scale IRRI centimeter Seedling SeedlHt Height of seedlings, measured from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade Height Seedling height Anther colour examination Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the anthers when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Use 3-digit scale codes for common scoring system across all colour traits Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure stomatal conductance with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Gas exchange stomatal conductance in SITIS platform LigPub Pubescence Ligule pubescence Ligule Presence and distribution of hairs on ligules square centimeter Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected False smut incidence estimation Incidence BakInc Bakanae disease Bakanae disease In of bakanae disease symptoms caused by Gibberella fujikuroi. Symptoms: the plant elongates abnormally, has few tillers, and usually dies before producing grains Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of the plant Plant height measurement Pericarp colour examination Examine the colour of the pericarp against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Record the actual grain yield grain harvested on a plot. AYLD_CONT method Take sum of sucrose content and starch content from PLS-FTIR analysis Calculation - Nonstructural carbohydrate content Calculation - Tiller number per unit area Calculate from total number of tillers per hill and the area of the hills sampled bird damage incidence scale Calculate the number of days between sowing and initial flowering dates Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom sowing day Estimate the average number of panicles per plant. Number of panicles per plant estimation DFlwT Time to flowering (from transplanting) Time elapsed from date of transplanting to flowering stage Time to flowering from transplanting Spikelet Estimate the ability of stems to elongate based on comparison with check varieties. Specify water depth under which the data was recorded Stem elongation estimation cm Culm node anthocyanin distribution Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Lodging incidence % Indicate % of plants that lodged FlwDate Flowering date Date of flowering Plant flowering date mg g-1 dry matter Examine the shape of sterile lemmas Sterile lemma shape Keel Keel anthocyanin Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the keel of the lemma Anthocyanin content KeelAnth mm Shape Sterile lemma Shape of the sterile lemmas Sterile lemma shape LemaShp Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root surface area based on image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length. Surface area is calculated from root diameter and length assuming the root has a round cross-section. Image analysis - Root surface area using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Yellow mottle disease assessment Estimate the type and severity of symptoms Calculate as the ratio of brown rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls removed) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Calculation - Brown rice rate day Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm internode anthocyanin examination Weighing - filled grain weight Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh. Take the ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight Calculation - Flag leaf specific leaf area Yield Grain yield Amount of grain (weight) produced per area GY Spikelet Awn presence Observe the presence or absence of awns on maturing spikelets Chalkiness of endosperm Clk Chalkiness Describes the extent to which milled (polished, white) rice appears to be a chalky white colour as opposed to translucent white. The chalky appearance arises from the incomplete development of starch grains in the endosperm, which leaves tiny air pockets between starch granules and results in weak grains Endosperm spikelet fertility scale SES Calculate the number of days between transplanting and initial flowering dates Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom transplanting Phenol reaction PhenReac Lemma phenol reaction Describes the change in colour of lemmas in response phenol Lemma Type EndoType A broad classification of the type of endosperm based on the presence or absence of amylose Endosperm type Endosperm Colour of the leaf collar CollCol Colour Collar color Collar Observe the damage on the plants caused by brown planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Brown planthopper injury assessment field LigMargShp Describes the form of the margin of the ligule Shape Ligule margin shape Ligule margin Keel anthocyanin immature scale GelTemp Milled caryopsis Gelatinization temperature Gelatinization temperature Temperature at which the starch in endosperm gelatinizes, one of the key indicators of cooking quality Take the number of days to flowering and add 30 days Calculation - Days to maturity Wild species: while the spikelets are maturing, observe the presence of awns Awn presence on wild species Correct the oven-dried grain yield to 14% moisture content Calculation -grain yield correction to 14% moisture content Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of hills per m2 Calculation - Spikelets per hill basal leaf sheath color scale 1 Measure width at the widest portion of the flag leaf on five representative plants. Calculate average Average flag leaf width leaf folder injury scale field MRR Proportion Milled rice rate Dehulled grain after milling and polishing Proportion of milled and polished (processed) rice obtained from rough rice (grain with hull) square centimeter Number per panicle Total number of spikelets per panicle SpPan Spikelet Spikelets per panicle leaf blade anthocyanin distribution scale mm stem borer deadheart damage scale g per 1000 spikelets count Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 2 Bacterial blight race 2 damage estimation field flag leaf angle scale wild No scale name found gram per plant StemD Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath Diameter Stem diameter - 2nd internode 2nd elongated stem internode Calculate the number of days between the heading date and the date of exsertion of the last spikelet Calculation - Days to panicle exsertion cm kneeing ability presence scale Number HSpD Half-filled spikelet densty Half-filled spikelet Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per unit area mm variable_of Compute the average diameter of the basal portion of the main culm on three representative plants Average culm diameter EInt Culm internode Number of elongated internodes on the culm Elongated internode number Number Damage Stem borer StemBorer Stem borer damage The extent of damage caused by stem borers, which include Chilo suppressalis (striped), C. polychrysus (dark headed), Rupela albinella (South American white), Scirpophaga incertulas (yellow), S innotata (white), Sesamia inferens (pink), Maliarpha separatella (African whiteheads), Diopsis macrophthalma (Stalked-eyed fly), and several other species Describes how much of a sample of milled rice comprises whole rather than broken kernels. Head rice is defined as kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels Head rice HdR Head rice Proportion culm internode anthocyanin presence scale Green leafhopper damage Damage GLhDam The extent of damage caused by green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix cincticeps). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. Green leafhopper Main flowering date observation Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which 80% of the flowering heads have appeared Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice Ligule margin shape determination glume opening scale cm spikelet fertility scale RD Kneeing ability presence Estimate presence/absence of knees after flowering in conditions where culms have fallen flat due to receding water flow. Analytical measurement - Cell wall carbohydrate composition Predict cell wall carbohydrate composition using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Ligule shape determination - wild Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice bacterial blight race 1 damage scale field Panicles per plant Estimate the extent to which leaves dry on exposure to drought Drought estimation leaf drying square meter per second per mol of water Image analysis - Minor pith diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the narrower portion of the culm pith Calculate from the number of half-filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 Calculation - Half-filled spikelet per panicle Diameter CulmD Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath Culm diameter - 2nd internode 2nd elongated culm internode Average - Panicles per hill Count the number of panicles per hill for several hills. Take the average. CulmAng Culm Angle Angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical Culm angle Spikelets per panicle stigma exsertion scale lemma phenol reaction scale Tillers per plant alkali digestion scale culm node anthocyanin intensity scale Green leaves per plant millimeter Calculation - Total stem material Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content from PLS-FTIR analysis Estimate the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles Auricle anthocyanin presence Time to initial flowering from sowing Time to initial flowering (from sowing) DiFlwS Spikelet Time elapsed from date of sowing to initial flowering stage alkali injury scale mm Flowering cold injury Observe effects on spikelet fertility, heading and growth of plants grown at 17-18 degrees during flowering Calculation - Grain length to width ratio Take ratio of grain length to grain width Measure the ratio of the length of cooked to uncooked polished (white) rice grains Grain elongation ratio Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected Bakanae disease incidence estimation mm anthocyanin below apiculus scale mature Estimate the % leaf area diseased Narrow brown leaf spot estimation Average panicle basal branch number Count the number of primary panicle branches attached to the basal whorl of representative panicles, and calculate the average leaf angle scale 1/ oven dry the harvested grains to constant dry weight. 2/ Derive the grain yield from the panicle density, the 1000-grain weight, the number of filled spikelets per panicle or spikelets per panicle and filled spikelet percentage Calculation - Grain yield from components of yield GrWdt Grain width Width Spikelet Width of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area and pith area to the culm area Calculation - Total culm porosity mm Phosphorus deficiency tillering field In a field test, grow each line under two conditions: without P fertilizer (low P) and with 25kg P/ha fertilizer (standard P). Estimate the number of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P grain width UPOV scale Count all tillers arising from representative plants and compute the average Average - Tiller number per plant View cross-sectioned sample of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the thickness of the wall of the cross-sectioned culm Image analysis - Culm wall thickness millimeter LfBlastDam Damage The type and severity of leaf blast symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms are necrotic lesions on the leaves, in severe cases leading to leaf death Leaf blast Leaf blast damage Time to exsertion from heading Time to panicle exsertion (from heading) Time elapsed from heading date and date of exsertion of last spikelet Panicle DExs Length RtL Total root length Root length Root CulmA Culm Culm area Area Cross-sectional area of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath pericarp colour UPOV scale Damage Rice bug damage The extent of plant damage caused by rice bug (Leptocorisa oratorisa). Rice bug RBugDam The angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis FlgLfAng Flag leaf angle Angle Flag leaf mature lemma and palea color scale SES sheath rot incidence scale Internodes Zinc content in polished grain Milled polished grain Zinc content in grain Zinc content sensed aroma uncooked scale vegetative vigor scale Damage Narrow brown leaf spot The type and severity of narrow brown leaf spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Sphaerulina oryzina (Cercospora janseana) NBLSDam Narrow brown leaf spot damage rice bug damage scale brown planthopper biotype 3 injury scale Average - Tiller number per hill Count all tillers of representative hills and take the average per hill % pollen sterility scale Leaf blade pubescence LfBladPub Pubescence Leaf blade Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade GrnWt Weight Grain weight Spikelet The weight of a whole grain including the hull ColeoAnth Coleoptile anthocyanin Coleoptile Purple pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the coleoptile Anthocyanin content Take the total dry weight of stems, leaves and panicles per plant Calculation - Total dry matter per plant Stem Cell wall carbohydrate content in the stem StCWC Stem cell wall carbohydrate content Wall carbohydrate content Bacterial leaf streak damage estimation Estimate the type and severity of damage to leaves Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Flag leaf angle estimation cult late Estimate the proportion of plants that are damaged by rats Rat damage incidence estimation grams per square meter Average - Peduncle length Measure distance between the panicle neck node of the main culm and the panicle base, i.e. uppermost culm node. Repeat measurement on other representative plants and take the average. % Stem protein content Protein content StPRO Stem Protein content in the stem The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 1 virus (RGSV1). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with small rusty spots Grassy stunt 1 Severity RGSV1Sev Grassy stunt 1 disease panicle type scale UPOV Image analysis - Culm area View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the cross-sectioned culm mg g-1 dry matter sterile lemma color scale cult millimeter ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) MaleSter Sterility Pollen sterility The degree of male (pollen) sterility Male pollen Phosphorus deficiency damage The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of phosphorus in the growing medium PDef Damage Phosphorus deficiency Image analysis - Root length using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root length based on WinRHIZO image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method to calculate total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size. panicle length UPOV scale 100 grain weight measurement Cultivated species: take a random sample of 100 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance Hoja blanca vegetative disease estimation Estimate the proportion of young plants with leaves showing symptoms Stem borer deepwater damage assessment For deepwater rice, make dissections of 20 or more tillers per plot or row after heading, count the numbers of infested tillers and estimate the proportion of infested tillers kneeing ability scale SES mm longer sterile lemma length scale chalkiness 0-9 scale mg g-1 dry matter Average - Filled spikelet number per panicle Count the number of filled spikelets per panicle. Repeat the measurement on other representative panicles. Take the average number of filled spikelets per panicle. Alkali digestion estimation An indirect indicator of approximate gelatinization temperature. Incubate six milled rice grains (kernels) for 23h in 10ml of 1.7% KOH. Score individual kernels, without averaging Average leaf width Measure width at the widest portion of the penultimate leaf on the main culm of five representative plants. Calculate average Calculate as length times the width of the leaf below the flag leaf, multiplied by a constant (0.725) Calculation - Flag leaf -1 area Panicle Type PanTyp Panicle type Panicle type, defined by the orientation of primary branches Plant Biomass partionning Harvest index HI Ratio of grain yield to total aboveground biomass GLf Green leaf Green leaf number Number per plant Number of green leaves on the main culm SPAD unit Press spikelets between fingers to check which have filled grains inside. Test five representative panicles to estimate the percentage of spikelets that are filled score Spikelet fertility score Total dry weight of stem and sheath per plant Stem SDWplt Mass Stem dry weight Tillers per plant millimeter percent Leaf scald The type and severity of leaf scald symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Monographella albescens (Microdochium oryzae). Symptoms: lesions occur mostly near leaf tips, but sometimes start at the margin of the blade and develop into large ellipsoid areas encircled by dark-brown, narrow bands accompanied by a light-brown halo LfScald Leaf scald damage Damage centimeter outcrossing scale mm Analytical measurement - Ash content Predict ash content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Visually estimate the penultimate leaf blade for the intensity of greenness. Leaf blade greenness Harvest grain from at least 5 m2/plot, discarding at least three border rows. Thresh, dry the rough (paddy) rice to 14% moisture content, and weigh. Yield measurement day Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure transpiration rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Gas exchange transpiration rate in SITIS platform Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of immature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Anthocyanin below apiculus examination immature GelC Consistency Gel Describes the consistency of a rice gel formed by grinding, chemically treating, boiling, and cooling a sample of grains. This measures the tendency of cooked rice to harden on cooling, a function of carbohydrate composition Gel consistency male sterility scale Average awn thickness Measure the average thickness of 10 representative spikelets, 1 cm from the apiculus of the spikelet. Specific porosity ratio Examine the colour of the awns after harvest against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Awn color examination mature UPOV / IRRI g Stem aerenchyma Aerenchyma diameter Width of air spaces in the culm AerD Diameter Collar anthocyanin Anthocyanin content CollAnth Collar Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the collars Calculation - Filled spikelet per square meter Calculate from the filled grain weight and number of filled grains on an area basis Culm node underlying colour examination If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Leaf margin pubescence Wild species: assess the presence/absence of hairs on the leaf margin Specific area Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 FLpSla Specific area of flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Ratio of pooled flag leaf area to pooled flag leaf dry mass Grow the male sterile line in the field, ensuring an abundant supply of pollen from other plants while it is flowering. Calculate the proportion of seed set on the out-pollinated primary panicles Outcrossing calculation Calculation - Culm diameter Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters anther colour scale Time to intitial flowering from transplanting Spikelet DiFlwT Time elapsed from date of transplanting to initial flowering stage Time to initial flowering (from transplanting) grams per square meter brown planthopper biotype 1 injury scale Cultivated species: grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action Panicle threshability estimation RD Brown rice protein content Use standard laboratory procedure to measure the protein content of brown rice grains at 14% moisture content Submergence survival assessment Field evaluation: estimate the proportion of plants that survive submergence after floodwater recedes. Record the duration of submergence Damage Whitebacked planthopper damage WBPH The extent of damage caused by whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. Whitebacked planthopper Calculation - Tiller fertility Take the number of reproductive tillers and divide by the total number of tillers Aboveground dry matter Total dry matter per plant TDMplt Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per plant Weight per plant Rhizome and stolon formation Formation Describes the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers in the mature plant Rhizome/stolon RhyzForm panicle axis scale UPOV Tillers per m2 Bacterial blight damage estimation greenhouse Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a greenhouse test square millimeter Wild species: assess the hairiness and the location of hairs on the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards. Leaf blade pubescence estimation wild TillNo Number per plant Tiller Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers arising from the base of each plant Tiller number per plant Shattering Panicle Describes the tendency of grains to fall off the panicle before it is threshed Panicle shattering PanSh Caryopsis shape UPOV Observe the shape of the caryopsis in lateral view udbatta disease incidence scale percent Anther length Length Anther AnLt Anther length cm Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground Culm strength estimation - RD Calculate as the percentage of head milled grains with chalkiness. The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing). Calculation - Percentage of grain with chalkiness No scale name found Take the number of unfilled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100 Calculation - Unfilled spikelet percentage LfWdt Width of penultimate leaf blade Width Leaf Leaf width Total porosity ratio Flag leaf relative size Relative size Size (area) of the flag leaf relative to the size (ie area) of the leaf below it Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 FLsizeR Average - Length of second internode Measure the distance between the second and third nodes, counting from the base of the main culm. Repeat measurement on other representative plant. Take the average leaffolder single leaf injury scale maturity scale UPOV Calculate culm area minus the pith area Calculation - Culm wall area Calculate as the sum of filled, half-filled and unfilled spikelets per area Calculation - Spikelets per square meter flag leaf angle scale cult early Calculate from total number of panicles per hill and the area of the hills sampled Calculation - Number of panicles per square meter Time of 50% heading scale auricle color scale Spikelets per panicle Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis Calculation - Spikelets unfilled weight on area basis Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per unit area Tiller density TilD Number per area Tiller FL1L Length Flag leaf-1 Length of leaf below the flag leaf Flag leaf-1 length Ligule color estimation Visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering No scale name found Lodging incidence scale Calculation - Days to physiological maturity from sowing Calculate the number of days between sowing and physiological maturity (i.e. when the grain is hard and ready for harvest) SDMaj 2nd elongated stem internode Stem major diameter - 2nd internode Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath Major diameter count Assess the type of lesion and the proportion of leaf area affected by leaf blast. Entries with scores 4-9 may also have lesions of scale 1 or 2. In cases where the lesion develops only on the collar, joint of the leaf sheath and the leaf blade, causing the leaf blade to drop off, a scale unit of 4 is to be given. Leaf blast damage estimation cm/cm Days to 80% flowering count Calculate as the difference between the main heading date and the date of effective seeding percent Number Number of panicles per unit area Panicle Panicle density PanD Head rice proportion Dehull and mill (polish) a sample of grains (paddy). Weigh the whole sample of polished rice, including both whole and broken kernels. Measure the length of 10 randomly selected whole kernels and compute the average. Head rice are all the kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels. Separate and weigh the head rice, and calculate the proportion of head rice out of the total weight of polished rice mg g-1 dry matter secondary panicle branching scale Mature lemma and palea color Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea after harvest. Endosperm type scale Take the ratio of leaf area to leaf dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf Calculation - Flag leaf -1 specific leaf area kilogram per hectare Chalkiness Cervitec assessment Polish a sample of rice and quantify chalkiness automatically using a duly calibrated Cervitec instrument Observe effects on vigour and leaf colour of plants grown at 17-18 degrees C before flowering Vegetative cold injury mmol H2O m-2 s-1 Gall midge injury assessment field In a field test, observe the proportion of infected tillers. For the field test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, more than 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should be affected with not less than 15% silver shoot salt injury scale Grassy stunt 2 disease index Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored leaf blade greenness scale awn color scale anthesis UPOV Average grain length Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea. In the case of awned varieties, measure to a point comparable to the tip of the apiculus, i.e. excluding the awn. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains Describes the ease with which grains are removed from the panicle during threshing Panicle Panicle threshability Threshability PanThr Number per plant Leaf Total number of fully expanded leaves produced per plant from germination to flowering Leaf total number Lf count % leaf area affected Assess the type of lesion Leaf blast damage type stem borer deepwater damage scale iron injury scale Panicle blast severity Scoring X panicles using the panicle blast damage score, compute panicle blast severity PBS= (10xN1 + 20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/X, where N1-N9 are the number of panicles with score 1-9 drought scale spikelet sterility immature lemma and palea colour scale Calculate from the unfilled spikelet density and the panicles density Calculation - Unfilled spikelet per panicle ragged stunt disease scale CulmP Ratio of pith area to culm area Culm Porosity Culm porosity Measure distance from soil surface to base of panicle on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average Average culm length Polish a sample of rice and evaluate a representative sample visually. Estimate the proportion of the kernel area that appears chalky white, particularly with respect to the belly, the center, and the back. Chalkiness visual assessment Average - Oven dry weight Oven dry representative flag leaf -1 at 70degC to constant weight and weigh. Take the average weight cm NRGQASC - Grain length Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average Average - Oven dry weight Tillers per hill Colour Colour of the awns, if present Awn AwCol Awn color Calculation - Half-filled spikelets per square meter Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Sterile lemma color examination wild panicle blast incidence scale Image analysis - Minor culm diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the narrower portion of the culm In a greenhouse test, observe the proportion of plants with silver shoots. For the greenhouse test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should show silver shoots Gall midge injury assessment greenhouse cm2 g-1 ligule shape scale wild Calculation - Spikelets per panicle Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 (= SPM2/PANM2) drought scale leaf drying leaf blade pubescence scale IRRI cult immature apiculus anthocyanin scale spikelet sterility scale Number per plant Panicle Panicle number per plant PanNo Number of panicles per plant Grain length score Tillering scale % Estimate the proportion of germinated seeds Seed germination 1 rhizome formation scale 1 Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration Grassy stunt 1 disease estimation Observe plant growth and rate level of drought symptoms Estimation - overall drought symptoms BRiceProtCt Dehulled grain protein content Brown rice protein content The concentration of protein in brown (dehulled) rice CulmINodAnth Culm internode anthocyanin Purplish markings, if any, on internodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin Culm internode Anthocyanin content square millimeter Culm strength estimation - SES Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground at intervals from harvest to maturity Culm Culm strength Strength CulmStr The stiffness of the culm and its resilience to being bent over awn color scale immature SES Average - unfilled spikelet weight Take subsample of unfilled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain Specific area Flag leaf Flag leaf specific area Ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight FLSla Average - Panicle dry weight per plant Oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and weigh the panicles of representative plants and take the average % awn color scale immature IRRI Severity HojaBlancaSev Hoja blanca disease The type and severity of hoja blanca disease symptoms caused by rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV) causing hoja blanca. Symptoms: cream colored to yellow spots, elongating and coalescing fo form longitudinal yellowish green to pale green striations. Streaks may coalesce to cover the whole leaf. Brown and sterile glumes with typical parrot beak shape of deformation Hoja blanca Spikelets per panicle % Basal leaf sheath color examination 1 Examine the colour of the outside of the basal leaf sheath against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm internode underlying colour examination mature lemma and palea color scale UPOV flowering cold injury scale green leafhopper injury scale field leaf blast damage scale Calculate as length times the width of the uppermost leaf on the main culm, multiplied by a constant (0.725) Calculation - Flag leaf area g Wild species: estimate visually the colour of ligules at anthesis. Ligule color estimation - wild Culm length Length CulmLng Length of the main culm (stem), defined as the distance from the soil surface to the base of the panicle Culm Proportion of grains with chalkiness Proportion of head milled grains with chalkiness PGWC Proportion Chalky dehulled intact grain Chromosome Number The number of chromosomes in the nucleus Chromosome number ChrNo Calculation - Degree of endosperm chalkiness Calculate as the product of percentage of grain with chalkiness and chalkiness size (area of chalkiness divided by the area of the whole grain). The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing). Weigh a random sample of 1000 well-developed, whole grains dried to 14% moisture content 1000 grain (14%MC)weight measurement Estimate the position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base Leaf angle micromol CO2 m-2 s-1 Rhizome formation observation Wild species: observe the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers around the base of a potted plant when it is ready for harvest Spikelets per panicle Estimate the severity of damage caused by thrips Thrips damage assessment Calculation - Straw yield Oven dry straw at 70?C to constant weight and express in a per unit area basis gram per plant panicle exsertion scale leaf angle scale Examine the colour of the keel of mature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Keel anthocyanin mature examination whitebacked planthopper injury scale greenhouse Stomata Water vapor resistance Inverse of stomatal conductance Stomatal resistance Rs Stain polished (milled, white) rice grains with a weak KI-I solution, prepared by mixing 0.1% I2 solution with 0.2% KI solution, and observe the colour of the stained endosperm Endosperm type assessment Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight, weigh and take the average leaf weight Average - Leaf dry weight Average - Flag leaf width Measure width at the widest portion of the leaf below the flag leaf on the main culm. Repeat measurement on representative leaf and take the average width. Image analysis - Pith area View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the hollow region of the culm Spikelets per hill mm Use standard laboratory procedure (XRF- Fluorescence Analyzer) to determine the zinc content in a sample of polished grain. The recommended sample size is 10g. Zinc content - XRF fluorescence analyser vegetative cold injury scale cm kernel smut incidence scale immature apiculus color UPOV scale Estimate the proportion of glumes that are discoloured Grain discoloration incidence estimation Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the leaf margin Pubescence Leaf margin pubescence LfMargPub Leaf margin drought grade 1-5 Awn distribution observation Observe the distribution of awned spikelets along a panicle gram percent Filling rate Grain filling rate Dry mass accumulated per panicle per unit of time GFR Spikelet narrow brown leaf spot scale abortion pattern scale Pith Diameter Pith minor diameter Diameter of the narrower portion of pith PDMin Apiculus anthocyanin Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of the lemma ApAnth Anthocyanin content Apiculus of lemma Estimate the proportion of plants with panicles showing symptoms Hoja blanca reproductive disease estimation Texture Panicle axis PanAxText Texture of the main axis of the panicle Panicle axis texture bacterial blight damage scale greenhouse Ash content Stem Ash content in the stem Stem ash content StASH Grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action Panicle threshability estimation SES ligule shape scale cult RD Measure five anthers exposed at anthesis and calculate their average Anther length measurement Take the ratio of number of green leaves at maturity to the number of green leaves at flowering Calculation - Stay-green Leaffolder unadjusted injury rating In a greenhouse test where NT leaves have been scored using the single leaf injury score, calculate the injury rating R = (N1 + 2xN2 + 3xN3)x100% / (NTx3), where N1-N3 are the number of leaves with score 1-3 parts per million green leafhopper injury scale greenhouse centimeter Amylose content amylose content Milled caryopsis AmyCt Amylose content of milled rice as a proportion or percentage of the total amount of rice mature lemma and palea color scale IRRI Unfilled spikelets weight per area UFSpY Spikelet Weight per area Dry weight of unfilled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis Sterile lemma shape scale millimeter gram immature apiculus color IRRI scale drought scale leaf rolling mg g-1 dry matter Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh. Weighing - filled grain weight Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma number View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to count the number of air spaces in the culm centimeter bakanae disease incidence scale chalkiness 0-5 scale Predict lignin content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Lignin content Place 0.1g ground rice in a test tube with thymol blue (0.025% in ethanol, 0.2 ml) and KOH (0.2N, 2 ml). Shake the tube to mix contents, boil (8 min), rest (5 min) and then place in an ice-bath (15 min). Lay cooled tubes flat on graph paper for 1 hour, and then measure the distance that the gel travels . Included standards, as the age of the rice, degree of milling and operator skill affect reproducibility: IR48 (85?90 mm), IR32 (72-75 mm) and IR42 (30-32 mm). Gel consistency lab measurement PBInc The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Panicle blast incidence Incidence Panicle blast hoja blanca vegetative disease scale day bacterial leaf streak damage scale Estimate the type and severity of symptoms Ragged stunt disease estimation mg g-1 dry matter % % Measure distance from soil surface to top level of the canopy of representative plants and take the average Average - Canopy height grassy stunt 2 disease scale yellow mottle disease scale Mature lemma and palea ornamentation Visually determinate the colour ornamentation of (i.e. colours present only on parts of) the lemma and palea at maturity Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Gas exchange leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in SITIS platform percent square millimeter Ufra incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that show visible symptoms of infection millimeter length to width ratio culm diameter scale UPOV bacterial blight damage scale field mm % apiculus color scale mature Count the total number of grain-bearing and non-bearing tillers on five plants and calculate the average Culm number measurement per plant The extent of damage caused by rice delphacid (Sogatodes oryzicola (Tagosodes orizicolus)). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. Rice delphacid RDelphDam Damage Rice delphacid Extractives content StEXT Stem Total stem extractives content in the stem Stem extractives content NRGQASC - Grain thickness Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) Manual measurement - SPAD meter reading Take flag leaf of randomly selected plants and do multiple SPAD readings from tip to base of the leaf. Awn distribution scale Ligule color estimation - cultivated Cultivated species: visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering. leaf blast damage type scale Branches per panicle stem borer whitehead damage scale thrips damage scale View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the average area of the air spaces in the culm Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma area Calculation - Pith diameter Calculate the average of major and minor pith diameters of the second internode from the base Sucrose content StSUC Stem sucrose content Stem Sucrose content in the stem Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Grassy stunt 1 disease index Area of the uppermost leaf on the main culm Area Flag leaf FLA Flag leaf area stem rot incidence scale Calculation - Stem diameter Take the average of major and minor stem diameters of the second elongated internode from the base stem elongation scale grassy stunt 1 disease scale Calculate as the ratio of head rice weight (kernel longer than or equal to 3/4 full length of a kernel) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Calculation - Head milled rice rate gram false smut incidence scale panicle threshability scale SES grams per day Mature apiculus anthocyanin examination Examine the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin scale_of panicle shattering scale leaf blade pubescence scale UPOV zinc deficiency injury scale grams per square meter Collect florets and fix in 3:1 Acetic acid:alcohol solution. Squeeze out pollen grains under a drop of acetocarmine stain, observe under a microscope at 10x10 magnification, and estimate the predominant staining behavior and number of nuclei visible Abortion pattern estimation Alkali injury assessment Observe growth in alkaline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores. submergence survival scale Panicle basal branch Number PanN Panicle basal branch number Number of primary branches on the basal whorl of the panicle collar anthocyanin presence scale Awn AwPres Presence Presence of awns Awn presence culm node anthocyanin presence scale centimeter rice delphacid injury scale greenhouse square centimeter Days percent g per 100 spikelets Phenotypic acceptability estimation Before starting to score phenotypic acceptability, define what is excellent, good ... unacceptable grain for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets, and then score the phenotypic acceptability of mature grain Culm strength scale RD Keel anthocyanin immature examination Examine the colour of the keel of immature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin culm internode anthocyanin scale Measure length of representative leaves below the flag leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade. Take the average length Average - Flag leaf-1 length Calculation - Degree of culm deformation Calculate the ratio of the difference between the major and minor culm diameters to the average culm diameter of the second internode from the base as measured via image analysis Examine the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of immature lemmas Immature apiculus anthocyanin examination degrees C leaf margin pubescence scale Vegetative vigor Assess the vigor of plants in early vegetative stage ppm Average - Green leaf number Count number of green leaves on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average number ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) Lemma and palea pubescence evaluation Using a hand lens, visually assess and evaluate the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemmas and paleas mm basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence scale collar color scale RD millibars millimolar trolox equivalent Measure distance between the base of the flag leaf and the panicle neck node, there is positive exertion if the panicle base is above the flag leaf base and a negative exsertion if otherwise. Manual measurement - Panicle exsertion Code awn color scale mature UPOV Spikelet DMatS Time elapsed from date of sowing to physiological maturity stage Time to maturity (from sowing) Time to maturity from sowing method_of percent Caryopsis length UPOV scale cm grams per square meter mature lemma and palea ornamentation scale UPOV Porosity ratio cm2 g-1 ligule shape scale cult SES Culm strength scale SES sheath blight relative height scale culm angle SES scale Immature lemma and palea colour Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea before the grain ripens. No scale name found stigma color scale 1 Brown planthopper biotype 1 injury assessment Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 1 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings %