Julie Pasuquin GrT_MM_mm IRRI LEAF_LENGTH LfLng_Av_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 080 3 6 100 Black StEXT_AM_mgg IRRI Julie Pasuquin Absent 0 1 straw 2 76-100% 9 3 Weak No symptom observed 1 Rice ontology 8 Purple furrows on straw Absent 0 IRRI Jeffrey Detras NBLS NBLSDam_Est_0to9 Broad >2 cm 7 Julie Pasuquin TilD_CM_Tillm2 IRRI 7 Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying 2 020 Short ~8 mm 3 Julie Pasuquin SMTwp_CM_mb IRRI AlkInj_Est_1to9 ALK IRRI Jeffrey Detras HeadT_50Est_1to7 HDG FLW IRRI Jeffrey Detras 3 Open Absent 0 medium 5 3 Rolling of terminal 1/3-1/2 area of 1st and 2nd leaves CDMin_IA_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin Strong no bending 1 2 1-3% reddish to light purple 4 Julie Pasuquin RtD_Win_mm IRRI 1 Very short <5 mm SpkSter_Comp_1to9 SPIKELET_STERILITY IRRI Jeffrey Detras 7 26-50% Jeffrey Detras IRRI GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE GallMidgeDam_EstFld_0to9 IRRI GelTemp GelTemp_Alkd_1to7 Jeffrey Detras medium 3 None to few leaves slightly yellow, tillering, height and flowering not affected 1 1 Difficult less than 1% 2 Thick > Non-scented 0 IRRI FertRest_Comp_1to9 Jeffrey Detras FREST IronInj_Est_1to9 IRRI FE1 Jeffrey Detras GY_CMD_gm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin Intermediate 6-25% 5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras BLSCol_Est_1to4 BLSC_CO_1_4 2 Soft 61-80 mm AerD_IA_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin LfFolderDam_EstFld_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LEAFFOLDER Typical blast lesions infecting 26-50% of the leaf area 7 GrLng_MM_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin Purple apex 7 Fertile 75-89% 3 PanSh_Est_1to9 THR_SCOR_1_3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras PSH highly sensitive 8-9 ColdSens_SeedlEst_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CTOL Genetically engineered (transgenic type) 5 5 Intermediate 1cm - 2cm StemBorer_DeadheartEst_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras STEM_BORER_DAMAGE 5 Medium Medium 5 Julie Pasuquin IRRI FL1W_Av_cm CASE_WORM_DAMAGE IRRI Jeffrey Detras CaseWormDam_Est_0to8 Leaves yellow or orange yellow, plants moderately stunted, floweringvery much delayed 7 IRRI CMD Jeffrey Detras CulmDiam_CultAv_mm 6 Very short <50 cm 1 3 Brown (tawny) Jeffrey Detras KneeAb_EstAng_1to9 KNEEING_ABILITY IRRI Kernel swollen with collar incomplete or narrow, high-intermediate gel temp 3 IRRI Julie Pasuquin FSD_CM_spk CaryoLng_Av_1to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Alternate 2 ThripDam_Est_0to9 THRIPS IRRI Jeffrey Detras moderately tolerant 4-6 Linear(long and slender) 1 HeadT_80Comp_d HDG FLW IRRI Jeffrey Detras Short 5.5mm or less 7 ANL AwLng_Av_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras SEEDLING_HEIGHT SeedlHt_Av_1to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI HFSpPan_CM_SpPan Julie Pasuquin 1 very early IRRI OutXExt_Comp_1to9 Jeffrey Detras 1 No symptom observed BPHDam_GH3_0to9 IRRI BPH Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras LmPCol_ImmatEst_1to13 IRRI 5 21-35% Julie Pasuquin TilPlt_Av_TillPlt IRRI 052 4 0 Non-scented Jeffrey Detras RGSV2 IRRI RGSV2Sev_Index_Pct straw 1 UFSpY_CM_gm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin Light 1 3 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with few small tillers. Semi-round 2 Absent 0 FL1Sla_CM_cm2g IRRI Julie Pasuquin entity GrThk_Av_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras GRAIN_THICKNESS 3 40-49 degrees Less than 5% 1 IRRI Julie Pasuquin PDMin_IA_mm 9 Purple Julie Pasuquin FLDw_Av_g IRRI 8 IRRI Julie Pasuquin PanPlt_Av_PanPlt 3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing Very slight injury 1 6 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CUST CS CulmStr_EstRD_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras KeelAnth_ImmatEst_0to7 Less than 1% 1 1 Completely 100% sterile PRT IRRI Jeffrey Detras BRiceProtCt_Meas_Pct 4 75% of the kernel with chalkiness GlOp_Av_deg GLO IRRI Jeffrey Detras RICE_BUG_DAMAGE RBugDam_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras HojaBlancaSev_ReproEst_0to9 HOJA_BLANCA IRRI Jeffrey Detras BBDam_EstFld2_1to9 BB IRRI Jeffrey Detras 060 Green 1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras ENDO EndoType_Est_1to3 FLA FlgLfAng_LateAv_1to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras StLIG_AM_mgg IRRI Julie Pasuquin All plants dead 9 40-59% 5 IRRI Julie Pasuquin StPRO_AM_mgg IRRI Julie Pasuquin StemD_CM_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras PhenReac_Est_1to7 variegated purple 7 Long hairs (velvety) 5 intermediate 5 HGW FGW_MM_g100gr 100GW Julie Pasuquin IRRI GLH IRRI GLhDam_EstGH_0to9 Jeffrey Detras Reddish to light purple 6 1 No symptom observed 9 Large Jeffrey Detras CollCol_Est_SES0to3 CC IRRI 1 Vegetative crown GrnWt_10Wgh_g GRWT GRNWT IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras RGSV1Sev_Index_Pct RGSV1 Long 3 IRRI BPHDam_GH_0to9 BPH Jeffrey Detras ColdSens_VegEst_0to9 CTOL IRRI Jeffrey Detras LEAF_ANGLE LfAng_Est_RD1to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin PS_LCPro_umol IRRI IRRI Julie Pasuquin SpHill_CM_SpH 7 pollen 60-69% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile IRRI Julie Pasuquin Exs_MM_cm FlgLfLng_Av_cm IRRI Julie Pasuquin FLL_MM_cm FGLL Dispersed mergingwith collar, low gel temp (<70C) 6 Julie Pasuquin TilHill_Av_TillH IRRI 9 090 062 2 Highly sterile 1-49% 2 RICE_DELPHACID RDelphDam_EstFld_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 7 Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead Julie Pasuquin IRRI BRR_CM_pct Thick > 2 3 thin 0-4.9% seed set 9 CulmStr_EstSES_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CUST CS WBPH_EstFld_0to9 WBPH IRRI Jeffrey Detras AnCo_Est_1to2 ANCO IRRI Jeffrey Detras black 9 ZnCt_Meas_ppm CÈcile Grenier CIAT 9 Leaves orange yellow or orange, plants severely stunted, sometimes dead, flowering very much delayed 5 no drought symptoms WBPH_EstGH_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras WBPH 2 Intermediate (stains reddish-blue purple) IRRI Julie Pasuquin RtL_Win_cm IRRI LemaShp_Est_0to3 SLSH Jeffrey Detras 8 9 Less than 11% IRRI Jeffrey Detras BIRD_DAMAGE BirdDam_Est_1to9 9 Drooping IRRI Jeffrey Detras STIGMA_COLOR StgmCol_Est_1to5 IRRI PanLng_MatAv_cm Jeffrey Detras PanL_MM_cm PNL IRRI Jeffrey Detras SG SdGerm_Est_Pct 1 Glabrous LfBladPub_WildEst_1to4 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE AwCol_ImmatEst_SES0to6 IRRI Jeffrey Detras ANC AWCO RAT_DAMAGE RatDam_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI BPHDam_GH1_0to9 Jeffrey Detras BPH 041 1 KSmut_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras KERNEL_SMUT More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting 5 6 pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile IRRI BB Jeffrey Detras BBDam_EstFld1_1to9 Julie Pasuquin IRRI ORAC_MM_trol Highly sterile (99%-99.9%) 3 IRRI StCWC_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin Very early (all leaves lost their green colour before grain maturity) 1 Absent 0 IRRI Jeffrey Detras MaleSterGp_Est_1to6 MALE_STERILITY_GROUP CulmLng_Av_cm CML IRRI Jeffrey Detras Moderately tolerant 4-6 YELLOW_DWARF IRRI Jeffrey Detras YellowDwarfSev_Est_0to9 Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center 1 9 Very few: fewer than 5 tillers/plant Jeffrey Detras IRRI AmyCt_Meas_Pct AMY Difficult: few or no grains removed 1 BApAnth_MatEst_0to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 9 0-19% IRRI Julie Pasuquin CulmD_CM_mm ANC AWCO IRRI Jeffrey Detras AwCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to9 2 gold 9 More than 30% height reduction, most leaves ragged/twisted, vein swellingcommon on leaf sheaths and leaf blades SubTol_GHEst_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras SUB Obtuse or rounded 3 3 First and 2nd leaves with orange tips: slight stunting StrLmLng_AvShort_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH 5 light red Clk_Vis_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI UfraDam_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras UFRA 061 Light green 2 0-10% height reduction, 1-2 leaves ragged/twisted, few veins swollen on leaf collar 5 Glabrous 1 LfST_CM_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin 3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing IRRI Julie Pasuquin CulmSP_CM_r More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 Erect (compact) 1 PanD_Calc_Panm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin 6-10% 3 Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center 1 Short hairs 4 SaltInj_Est_1to9 SAL IRRI Jeffrey Detras Vigorous, fast growing, most plants with 4-5 leaves and 1-2 tillers 3 GY_CM_kgplot IRRI Julie Pasuquin 5 Intermediate (~50 cm) 7 Loose 26-50% 0-49% 9 Spindle-shaped 4 040 Gold 3 late 7 1 Lesions on several pedicels or secondary branches HFSpY_CM_gm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin CDMaj_Av_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin EXS PanExs_EstMStrl_1to9 PEX IRRI Jeffrey Detras 3 Erect 1 IRRI StDM_Av_g Julie Pasuquin 9 Present brown 3 052 3 3 6-12% More than half of plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted 7 26-50% 7 Jeffrey Detras AurCol_Est_1to5 AC IRRI No disease observed 0 7 Spreading >60? 0 No injury Very weak 1 16-25% 6 Strongly drooping 4 1 few Jeffrey Detras LigPub_Est_1to3 LIGULE_PUBESCENCE IRRI Partly sterile 50-74% 5 LEAFFOLDER LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 0 No disease observed GRAIN_DISCOLORATION IRRI Jeffrey Detras GrDiscol_Est_0to9 7 Strong 5 Strong rhizomes and no tubers LmPPub_Est_UPOV1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE 060 4 030 3 7 088 IRRI Julie Pasuquin PedL_Av_cm IRRI PltH_15DAF_cm_MM PlntHt_Av_cm PltH_MAT_cm_MM PltH_FLW_cm_MM Jeffrey Detras HT LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE IRRI LmPPub_Est_IRRI1to5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfBladGreen_Est_0to3 BLCO 0 No damage APC ApCol_MatEst_SES1to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 7 61-80% 080 5 SDMin_Av_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI RTD1 RTungroSev_GHComp_Pct Jeffrey Detras 4 reddish brown 5 Normal 9 Present few drought symptoms 4 Leaves with pronounced yellowing and some stunting or wilting and 10-25% of plants with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted 5 IRRI Julie Pasuquin TFlwS_CM_d 0 0% 3 1-5% 5 Medium ~25 cm 6-25% 5 Emarginate 4 LSEN LfSen_Est_1to9 SEN_CO_1_9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin FLfT_MM_degC Julie Pasuquin TGW 1000GW IRRI FGW_MM_g1000gr Horizontal 5 3 pollen 90% fertile or above, spikelets 75-89% fertile 5 Medium Glutinous (waxy, stains reddish purple) 3 More than 50% infected panicles 9 IRRI StSUC_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin Hairs on lemma keel 2 IRRI TillNo_Comp_1to9 Julie Pasuquin TI 7 Weak most plants nearly flat IRRI Jeffrey Detras GRWT GrnWt_100Wgh_g GRNWT LEAF_LENGTH LfLng_Av_cm IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI Gs_LCPro_mol Julie Pasuquin Semi-erect (intermediate) 3 Semi-upright 2 FLSla_CM_cm2g IRRI Julie Pasuquin AurShp_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI DhtInj_EstSpkFert_0to9 Jeffrey Detras DRS_DRY_0_9 20-29.9% seed set 3 1 acute 1 1-10% 51-100% 9 IRRI Julie Pasuquin FSpPan_CM_SpPan STEM_ROT IRRI Jeffrey Detras StmRotInc_Est_0to9 5 Long spindle-shaped 11-30% height reduction, 3-4leaves ragged/twisted, more vein swelling on leaf collar and some on leafblades and leaf sheaths 7 Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves discolored 3 IRRI Julie Pasuquin GY_CM_gm2 6 070 Red 5 Medium Jeffrey Detras IRRI APC ApCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to6 7 Strong Thin <5 mm 1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras SHB ShBltInc_Est_0to9 Julie Pasuquin MRR_CM_pct IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI StNSC_AM_mgg 4 PithA_IA_mm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin 5 11-30% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration GrElong_Comp_ratio IRRI Jeffrey Detras 3 Medium 2 5 light red 80-100% 1 Lesion partially around the base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part of panicle axis near the base 5 4 4-5% Less than 1% 1 Absent 1 3 50% of the kernel with chalkiness 1 Very slight damage IRRI Jeffrey Detras ApSh_Est_1to2 APSH DrG_Est_sc1to5 IRRI Julie Pasuquin Sct_SmellUncook_0to2 SCT IRRI Jeffrey Detras 1 Soft 81-100 mm 3 Weak gold furrows 2 3 Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 25% of tillers Jeffrey Detras LEAFFOLDER LfFolderDam_EstSingleLead_0to3 IRRI RtA_Win_cm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI StmElong_Esr_1to9 Jeffrey Detras ELONGATION 0 No damage attribute 26-50% 7 GLf_Av_LfPlt IRRI Julie Pasuquin INCO CulmINodUnderCol_Est_0to2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI FLCC_MM_SPAD Julie Pasuquin 7 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted 1 light gold IRRI Jeffrey Detras TMat_Meas_d MAT Weak 3 7 11-25% RaggedStuntSev_Index_Pct IRRI Jeffrey Detras RAGGED_STUNT Jeffrey Detras AP AP_Lab_1to9 IRRI 7 Dark Narrow 3 4 0 Absent 5 Split or segmented with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp FlwDate_80Flw_Date FLW_DATE IRRI Jeffrey Detras LigShp_WilEst_0to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_SHAPE LigMargShp_Est_1to99 LIGMSH IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras RDelphDam_EstGH_0to9 RICE_DELPHACID IRRI Julie Pasuquin StSTA_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin SGr_CM_pct IRRI 9 61-100% 2 Less than 1% 5 6-25% 1 011 4 070 Red CaryoLng_MeasSES_1to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 6 9 082 0 No injury 5 Medium APC IRRI Jeffrey Detras ApCol_MatEst_IRRI1to9 Growth and tillering nearly normal, reddish-brown spots or orange discoloration on tips of older leaves 1 2 Purple lines No injury 0 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Clk_Cerv_cerv Julie Pasuquin TFlwT_CM_d IRRI 5 More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting GrWh_MM_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI Julie Pasuquin PanHill_Av_PanHill Straw 1 Strong 7 51-100% 9 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying Julie Pasuquin CanH_Av_cm IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfBladPub_CultEst_SES1to3 LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE IRRI Cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction type (CMS) 1 Better than that of non-elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of elongating semidwarf 7 LfMargPub_Est_1to2 LMPUB IRRI Jeffrey Detras 7 26-40% covered IRRI Jeffrey Detras SEEDLING_HEIGHT SeedlHt_Av_cm GYplt_CM_g IRRI Julie Pasuquin 3 Weak IRRI EInt_Av_Ino Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras CMD CulmDiam_Av_1to7 Lesion completely around panicle base or uppermost internode or panicle axis near base with more than 30% of filled grains 7 60-79% 3 Julie Pasuquin Lf_Av_LfPlt IRRI PanNo_Count_PanPlnt PNO IRRI Jeffrey Detras NUMBER_OF_PANICLES Very weak 1 AnLt_Av_mm AL IRRI Jeffrey Detras CMD IRRI CulmDiam_WildAv_mm Jeffrey Detras 9 All plants dead Sterile (95%-98.9%) 5 Very long >180 9 1 Less than 3% 2 light brown PanLng_ImmatAv_cm IRRI Jeffrey Detras PNL AerN_IA_Aer IRRI Julie Pasuquin 6 Nuclear type IRRI Jeffrey Detras GrnWt_1000Wgh_1to7 GRWT GRNWT Absent or very weak 1 FL1A_CM_cm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin Very strong 9 5 Leaves yellow, plants moderately stunted, flowering delayed FSpPan_Av_SpPan IRRI Julie Pasuquin 5 Medium IRRI DhtInj_EstRoll_0to9 DRS_DRY_0_9 Jeffrey Detras No symptom observed 0 1 Shallow leaf folding CML IRRI Jeffrey Detras CulmLng_Av_1to7 011 1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras PanTyp_Est_UPOV1to9 PnT Jeffrey Detras FlgLfAng_EarlAv_1to7 FLA IRRI GlOp_Av_1to9 GLO IRRI Jeffrey Detras CulmNodAnth_PresEst_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras pbra IRRI Jeffrey Detras PanBrArr_Est_1or2 Jeffrey Detras LigShp_CultEst_RD0to3 LIGULE_SHAPE IRRI FLW_MM_cm FGLW FlgLfWdt_Av_cm Jeffrey Detras IRRI absent or very weak 1 Less than 1% 1 4 red Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves discolored or dead 7 DRS_DRY_0_9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI DhtInj_EstDry_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras DRT7_DRY_0_9 DhtRecov_Est_0to9 TDM_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI 1 Completely sterile 0% IRRI Julie Pasuquin DEC_CM_pct IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfAng_Est_SES1to9 LEAF_ANGLE 3 Short (~30 cm) 1/3 to 1/2 of leaves injured 5 Truncate 3 IRRI Julie Pasuquin FSpProp_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin SMCwp_CM_pct IRRI PHENOTYPIC_ACCEPTABILITY IRRI PhenAcc_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras 7 26-50% 3 weak RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9 RAGGED_STUNT IRRI Jeffrey Detras 9 No kneeing 1 010 SpD_CM_spk IRRI Julie Pasuquin 5 13-25% AWCO AwCol_ImmatEst_IRRI0to8 IRRI Jeffrey Detras ANC ApAnth_MatEst_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras pbasbrno PanBrNo_Av_BrPan Jeffrey Detras IRRI PBPan_MM_BrPan IRRI RtV_Win_cm3 Julie Pasuquin Tr_LCPro_mmol IRRI Julie Pasuquin 2 gold IRRI Jeffrey Detras CulmINodAnth_Est_0to2 Strong rhizomes with tubers 6 Fertile 75-90% 4 No scraping 0 PTH PanThr_Est_1to3 IRRI THR_SCOR_1_3 Jeffrey Detras 20-39% 7 Easy 51-100% 9 3 Partly sterile 50-74% 080 5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfBladAnth_PresEst_0to9 LodInc_Est_1to9 LG IRRI Jeffrey Detras CC CollCol_Est_RD0to4 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 9 51-100% 1 Less than 1% 26-50% 7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras HOJA_BLANCA HojaBlancaSev_VegEst_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfBladAnth_DistEst_1to4 Int2L_Av_cm IRRI Julie Pasuquin 0 No disease observed PDMaj_IA_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras P1 PDef_GHEst_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras RHIZOME_FORMATION RhyzForm_Est_1to6 IRRI Julie Pasuquin CDMaj_IA_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras FALSE_SMUT FSmut_Est_0to9 Abortion at trinucleate stage of pollen (CMS-boro type) 7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LW LfWdt_Av_1to7 5 Hard <36 mm Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves whitish and rolled 3 IRRI FL1L_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin Jeffrey Detras LmPCol_MatEst_SES1to10 IRRI STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR IRRI Jeffrey Detras StrLmCol_Est_1to9 LfFolderDam_CompRating_Pct IRRI LEAFFOLDER Jeffrey Detras 1 White 9 61% and above IRRI Jeffrey Detras GRL GrLng_Av_mm 9 Drooping 8 Medium 5 Absent 1 KeelAnth_MatEst_0to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras very strong 9 Partially hirsute: hairs covering less than 50% of the ligule 2 early 3 GrYld_wgh_gplot GrYld_wgh_gplot IRRI Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin CI_LCPro_ppm IRRI CaryoWdt_Av_1to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 3 11-30% 1 Entire First and 2nd leaves yellowing 3 above 30% seed set 1 Semi-erect (intermediate) 3 All plants dead 9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras AwPres_Est_0to9 ANP PlntVg_SdEst_1to9 VG IRRI Jeffrey Detras 1 Light Green IRRI Jeffrey Detras ChrNo_Count_Chr IRRI Jeffrey Detras STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH StrLmLng_AvShort_1to9 060 4 11-25% 5 LigCol_Est_0to3 LIGULE_COLOR IRRI Jeffrey Detras PBInc_Est_0to9 IRRI PB Jeffrey Detras 7 Pale green to yellow and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withnumerous small tillers IRRI Jeffrey Detras PANICLE_AXIS PanAxAtt_Est_UPOV1to2 MaleSter_UPOVEst_1to3 MSTERILE POLLEN_STERILITY IRRI Jeffrey Detras 084 3 1 Absent 9 Almost all plants dead or dying 5 Horizontal Rs_LCPro_invm IRRI Julie Pasuquin 080 1 4 Vegetative crown, stolon and weak rhizomes Abortion at uni-nucleate stage of pollen (CMS-WA type) 3 1 Less than 1% PDWplt_Av_g IRRI Julie Pasuquin 4 AWCO AwCol_MatEst_IRRI0to6 IRRI Jeffrey Detras ANC 070 7 3 Vegetative crown and weak rhizomes IRRI HSpD_CM_SpPan Julie Pasuquin 089 3 3 1-5% SCCO PericCol_Exam_1to7UPOV IRRI Jeffrey Detras Growth and tillering retarded, many leaves discolored 5 PB IRRI PBDam_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras TilProd_Av_TillPlt IRRI Julie Pasuquin No damage 0 Leaf margins touching forming O-shape 7 Weak 3 IRRI Julie Pasuquin FLpSla_CM_cm2g 5 Medium: 10-19 tillers/plant Enclosed panicle is partly or entirely enclosed within the leaf sheath of the flag leaf blade 1 EXS PanExs_Est_1to9 PEX IRRI Jeffrey Detras 7 Typical blast lesions infection 26-50% of the leaf area brown furrows 3 26-50% 7 4 Kernel swollen with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp 9 26-100% UDBATTA_DISEASE IRRI Jeffrey Detras UDInc_Est_0to9 IRRI Julie Pasuquin GYplt_Av_g IRRI Jeffrey Detras FlwDate_1stFlw_Date FLW_DATE 9 0-49% 100 9 Less than 1% 1 3 Long 6.6 to 7.5 mm 9 Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface) AmyCt_NIRS_Pct CÈcile Grenier CIAT AMY PGWC_CM_pct IRRI Julie Pasuquin Glabrous (smooth-including ciliated margins) 1 NOCO IRRI Jeffrey Detras CulmNodUndCol_Est_0to2 Growth and tillering nearly normal 1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CaryoLng_Av_mm 6 25% of the kernel with chalkiness 2 9 Tall (lowland: more than 130 cm, upland: more than 125 cm) Very weak 1 0 Absent IRRI Jeffrey Detras ShRotInc_Est_0to9 SHEATH_ROT 6 071 3 1-3% 3 Purple 5 061 1 Thin <5 mm 080 5 3 6-12% All plants dead 9 ANP IRRI Jeffrey Detras AwPres_WildEst_0to2 2 Intermediate Lesions only on bottom 20% of the plant 1 yellowish 2 8 No symptom observed 1 ApCol_ImmatEst_IRRI1to9 APC IRRI Jeffrey Detras 053 5 long 7 Julie Pasuquin IRRI SDMaj_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras LfScald_Est_0to9 LEAF_SCALD IRRI Less than 5% 1 1 Slender CulmTP_CM_r Julie Pasuquin IRRI 5 Fair 1 Less than 1% (apical lesions) 2 Heavy 21-40% 3 9 Very long >40 mm IRRI SpkFer_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras SpFert SPKF SPIKELET_FERTILITY 7 Maximum tiller angle less than45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers IRRI Jeffrey Detras PanAxAtt_Est_SES1to4 PANICLE_AXIS 1 above 50 degrees LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE IRRI LfBladPub_CultEst_UPOV1to7 Jeffrey Detras 9 very strong 11-20% 3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras BLS_Est_0to9 BLS GelC_Meas_1to5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras GELC 9 Almost all plants dead or dying 21-30% 5 063 7 Jeffrey Detras BLSAnth_Est_1to7 BLSCO_ANTH IRRI pollen and spikelets both <60% fertile 9 IRRI Julie Pasuquin PanT_Av_degC IRRI Jeffrey Detras LmPColOrn_Est_1to5 9 76-100% 6 0% covered 1 0 Absent IRRI Jeffrey Detras CaryoWdt_Av_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras ZDEF ZnDefInj_Est_1to9 9 more than 75% 7 51-75% 31-60% 7 IRRI BLAST LfBlastDam_EstAmt_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 3 11-20% 9 0-19% IRRI Jeffrey Detras STEM_BORER_DAMAGE StemBorer_DeepWatEst_0to9 HMRR_CM_pct IRRI Julie Pasuquin CulmDiam_WildAv_1or2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CMD purple 5 IRRI Julie Pasuquin StASH_AM_mgg 080 10 0 No damage 8 51-100% Upper quarter only 2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin TiFlwS_CM_d 11-20% 7 0 No damage IRRI CulmP_CM_r Julie Pasuquin No injury 0 1 010 IRRI Jeffrey Detras SUB SubTol_FldEst_1to9 1 90-100% short 3 Weak 3 1 Severely stressed 5 light red 085 2 IRRI PanBasBrDist_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras dist_post TDMplt_CM_gPlnt IRRI Julie Pasuquin 5 6-25% IRRI Julie Pasuquin FLsizeR_CM_r 8 1 No disease observed 30-39 degrees 5 3 Short ~8 mm Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile) 9 062 2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras SdDate_Meas_Date DATE_SEED 0 No damage PlntHt_Meas_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras HT CollAnth_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin StDM_CM_gm2 MSTERILE POLLEN_STERILITY IRRI MaleSter_Comp_1to9 Jeffrey Detras 7 strong 4 1 slight yellowing of a few plants 4 8 4 081 IRRI TFlwE_CM_d Julie Pasuquin 6-10% 3 0 No damage 2 Hairy on upper surface 3 More than 1/2 of leaf area scraped 5 Intermediate ~15 mm 7 Descending Acute to acuminate 1 IRRI StrLmLng_AvLong_1to9 Jeffrey Detras STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH Spreading (>60-80 degrees, culms not resting on the ground) 7 IRRI LigShp_CultEst_SES0to3 Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_SHAPE IRRI Julie Pasuquin CulmPP_CM_r Short ~15 cm 3 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted 7 UFSpPan_CompD_SpPan Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI Julie Pasuquin DMatS_CM_d IRRI Julie Pasuquin TMatT_CM_d StgExers_Comp_1to9 STIGMA_EXSERTION IRRI Jeffrey Detras Long ~30 mm 7 2 Long 141-155 cm 7 Intermediate 2 GrYld_Comp_kgha GrYld_Comp_kgha IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin DExs_CM_d 9 present No lesions observed 0 1 Very short <5 mm LodInc_Meas_pct LG IRRI Jeffrey Detras LigCol_CultEst_0to5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_COLOR 3 Weak None 0 Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area 5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CaryoShp_Est_1to5 8 Medium 5 IRRI KNEEING_ABILITY KneeAb_EstPres_0or1 Jeffrey Detras Light 3 5 100% of the kernel with chalkiness Intermediate most plants moderately bending 5 2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras GLhDam_EstFld_0to9 GLH 5 6-25% 5 080 Purple 11-20% 3 1 Upright 1 1-5% 3 Lesion type is the same as in 1, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves 51-75% 8 3 41-70% Weak 3 3 042 1 020 Straw 6 Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves brown or yellow 7 Straw 2 3 1-10% RGSV2 IRRI RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras 5 Moderate (~15%) Purple 8 6 7 More than half the plants wilting or with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted Slightly Drooping 3 20-29 degrees 7 7 36-50% 9 Extra long ANL IRRI Jeffrey Detras AwLng_WildAv_0to9 1 010 9 dark purple/black 21-30% 5 No disease observed 0 IRRI Jeffrey Detras AWDIST AwDist_Est_1to5 090 13 1 Pollen free (TGMS line, e.g. Norin PL12) CulmDiam_CultAv_1or2 CMD IRRI Jeffrey Detras 1 Semidwarf (lowland: less than 110 cm, upland: less than 90 cm) 5 One-fourth to 1/2 of all leaves dried brown 3 6-10% 4 IRRI Jeffrey Detras FLA FlgLfAng_WildAv_1to7 IRRI ColdSens_FlwEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras CTOL IRRI Jeffrey Detras LigCol_WildEst_0to5 LIGULE_COLOR 7 50-74% Black 10 Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead 5 1 More than 80% UFSpPct_CM_pct IRRI Julie Pasuquin HeatSens_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras HTOL 1 Rolling of terminal 1/3 area of 1st leaf 0 Absent RTD1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras RTungroSev_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras LigLng_Av_mm LIGULE_LENGTH IRRI 9 26-100% long 3 0 No damage observed Julie Pasuquin GLWR_CM_r IRRI 9 26-100% 9 More than 65% 5 Abortion at binucleate stage of pollen (CMS-HL type) Absent 1 5 40-59% GELC GelC_Meas_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras Yellow to orange and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with few small tillers 9 3 Hairs on upper portion IRRI Sct_SmellCook_0to2 Jeffrey Detras SCT 6 0 No injury 3 First and 2nd leaves with orange tips, slight stunting 1-3 tolerant 11-25% covered 5 Pointed 1 Acuminate 6 060 8 BPHDam_Fld_0to9 IRRI BPH Jeffrey Detras 5 40-69% 5 Similar to that of elongating semidwarf e.g. IR11141-6-1-4 BLSAnth_Est_1to9 BLSCO_ANTH IRRI Jeffrey Detras Completely 100% sterile 1 Julie Pasuquin IRRI USpD_CM_spk Very slight injury 1 5 Whole length 1 1-2% 3 male sterile PanThr_Est_1to9 IRRI THR_SCOR_1_3 PTH Jeffrey Detras 4 Typical susceptible blast lesions 3 mm or longer, infecting less than 4% of the leaf area Thermo-photoperiod genic type (TPGMS) 4 3 60-79% 8 7 12-25% 3 081 More than 1/2 of the leaves injured with no broken leaves 7 SpSter_CM_pct IRRI Julie Pasuquin 3 Lesion type is the same as in scale 2, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves Jeffrey Detras LmPCol_MatEst_UPOV1to6 IRRI 31-60% 7 Jeffrey Detras LW LfWdt_Av_cm IRRI AwThk_Av_mm ANT IRRI Jeffrey Detras Compact 1 7 46-65% Intermediate ?45? 3 2 020 1 Fringe of hairs 3 040 6 054 091 10 BS IRRI Jeffrey Detras BS_Est_0to9 11-20% 3 Jeffrey Detras CulmNodAnth_DistrEst_0to3 IRRI No lesions observed 0 1 020 Straw 7 strong IRRI Julie Pasuquin HFSpPct_CM_pct 4 Julie Pasuquin PithD_CM_mm IRRI 7 26-50% 51-100% 9 1 060 CulmNo_Av_Culm IRRI Jeffrey Detras CMN 6 Purple moderately stressed 3 7 26-50% Leaves green but with sparse dots or streaks and less than 5% of height reduction 3 0 No disease observed IRRI Jeffrey Detras BApAnth_ImmatEst_0to7 5 1-25% All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both 5 Below 20 degrees 9 early 3 IRRI SCCO Jeffrey Detras PericCol_Exam_1to7IRRI 3 Better than that of elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of the best local floating variety 11-30% 5 Medium 5 Very slight damage/leaf discoloration 1 5 medium Very slight damage 1 PA_TEXT IRRI Jeffrey Detras PanAxText_Est_1or2 Leaves slightly yellow, plants slightly stunted, flowering slightly delayed 3 2 Thermosensitive-genic type (TGMS) 5 Medium 5.51-6.6 mm Long ~35 cm 7 61-80% 3 5 Intermediate 31-50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration 7 IRRI Julie Pasuquin FerTil_CM_pct Partially sterile (70%-94.9%) 7 Upper three quarters only 4 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 4 IRRI SDWplt_Av_g Julie Pasuquin Almost all plants dead or dying 9 Less than 5% 1 1-10% 1 2 Long (~70 cm) 7 5 medium 1 short 0 No injury or fewer than 10% of plants have injured tillers 3 weak 9 61-100% Julie Pasuquin IRRI CulmD_IA_mm IRRI CulmINodAnth_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras 3 1-10% 3 1-10% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration White 1 7 20-39% 3 084 1 Erect No damage 0 No injury 0 3 4-5% Leaves partially yellow but with no hopperburn 3 Julie Pasuquin IRRI CDMin_Av_mm 7 Strong 3 Low variegated brown 3 NUMBER_OF_PANICLES PanNo_Est_1to5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras PNO 75-94% 5 3 Semi-erect intermediate ~20 degrees 071 6 2 Droopy 1 Up to 1/3 of leaf area scraped 5 11-15% HdR_Comp_Perc IRRI HDR Jeffrey Detras 2 040 Acute 5 Brown (tawny) 5 IRRI STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR Jeffrey Detras StrLmCol_Est_1to4 Pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with numerous small tillers 9 Small roundish to slightly elongated, necrotic gray spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter, with a distinct brown margin. Lesions are mostly found on the lower leaves. 2 7 Weak, plants somewhat stunted 084 3 0 None awnless Slight tip drying 1 0 0 Absent (collarless) 070 5 BLAST IRRI LfBlastDam_EstScr_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI P1 Jeffrey Detras PDef_FldEst_1to9 PanTyp_Est_SES1to3 PnT IRRI Jeffrey Detras CaryoShp_Comp_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 7 Highly sterile <50% to trace 5 13-25% 9 Present 5 41-60% Very weak 1 IRRI YELLOW_MOTTLE Jeffrey Detras YellowMottleSev_Est_0to9 IRRI Julie Pasuquin StSTR_AM_mgg 51-100% 9 No incidence 0 IRRI Jeffrey Detras BakInc_Est_1to9 BakInc IRRI StemBorer_WhiteHeadEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras STEM_BORER_DAMAGE 26-50% 7 Pan2ndBr_Est_0to3 SECONDARY_BRANCHING_OF_PANICLES IRRI Jeffrey Detras strong 7 0 Absent 1 Glabrous Subulate or setaceous 2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin LfT_LCPro_degC 080 7 Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves discolored, only a few elongating 5 Absent (collarless) 0 5 070 PNL PanLng_MatAv_RD1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 6 Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile) 9 Narrow 3 Lesion on a few primary branches or the middle part of panicle axis 3 Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_SHAPE LigShp_Est_1to2 IRRI 1 absent BB IRRI BBDam_EstGH_1to9 Jeffrey Detras None awnless 0 IRRI CulmNodAnth_IntensEst_1to9 Jeffrey Detras 4 9 Unacceptable IRRI Julie Pasuquin FLpDw_Av_g 1 Less than 1% IRRI GRL Jeffrey Detras GrLng_Av_1to7 Intermediate 5 1 Less than 1% IRRI GRW GrWdt_Meas_1to7 Jeffrey Detras 2 Smooth Moderately well exserted 7 080 8 8 USpPan_Av_SpPan IRRI Julie Pasuquin 16-25% 7 PNL IRRI Jeffrey Detras PanLng_MatAv_UPOV1to3 000 0 Very slight damage 1 3 070 1 Absent 4 070 Red Jeffrey Detras GelTemp_PkTemp_Deg GelTemp IRRI 2 081 0 Growth and tillering nearly normal 1 010 61% and above 9 late 7 5 Medium 5 Medium Julie Pasuquin FL1Dw_Av_g IRRI 5 1-25% 8 6-25% (apical and some marginal lesions) 5 3 weak 1 1-5% highly tolerant 0-1 11-25% infected panicles 5 Absent 0 black 6 9 26% and above Very slight damage/leaf discoloration 1 9 Present RICE_WHORL_MAGGOT RWhorlMaggDam_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 100 9 IRRI PB Jeffrey Detras PBSev_Comp_Pct 5 strong Present 9 SpFert SpkFer_Est_1to5 SPKF IRRI SPIKELET_FERTILITY Jeffrey Detras Horizontal 7 Clk_Vis_0to5 CÈcile Grenier CIAT 5 Red apex 051 3 2 or more leaves/hill but less than 1/3 of leaves injured 3 5 6-25% 7 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted 010 1 Open ~40 degrees 5 5 medium 8 080 7 4 052 Jeffrey Detras BPH BPHDam_GH2_0to9 IRRI 5 pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile 2 084 Less than 11% 9 Very strong 9 26-50% 7 medium 2 11-20% 5 Vegetative crown and stolon 2 082 11 IRRI Julie Pasuquin THfGW HfGW_Av_g1000gr 0 No injury 4 Red Broad 7 6 red 6 red 4 1 Less than 1% 1 Very slight damage 11 White 3 Mostly or generally hirsute: hairs covering more than 50% of the ligule 7 thick very late 9 000 0 1 Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers 1 Less than 1% 51-100% 9 6 Typical blast lesions infection 11-25% of the leaf area No symptoms 0 9 More than 25% 7 High (~35%) 3 6-12% 5 Horizontal 1 Very weak 1 Very slight damage 020 1 IRRI CwallA_CM_mm2 Julie Pasuquin 0 Absent Leaves tightly rolled 9 3 0-10% height reduction, no ragged/twisted leaf, very few veins slightly swollen usually on leaf collar 5 medium 51-75% 8 Descending 7 7 Descending 4 Short to intermediate 91-105 cm 9 All plants dead 0 No disease observed Strong 7 IRRI Julie Pasuquin StTWT_AM_mgg 2-cleft 3 2 020 Straw 2 012 GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE GallMidgeDam_EstGH_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras AwCol_MatEst_UPOV1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras ANC AWCO 0 No damage observed ColeoAnth_Est_1to5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 100 Black 6 Stunting slight, tillering decreased, some basal leaves brown or yellow 3 0 000 9 Round Highly sterile (99%-99.9%) 3 0 No disease observed 000 0 7 Long 4 055 BB Jeffrey Detras IRRI BBDam_EstFld_1to9 2 cleft 2 Scented purple 5 Erect 1 3 Upper half only absent 1 4 brown 3 75-94% 5 1 Extra vigorous, very fast growing, most plants with 5-6 leaves and 2 or more tillers 7 11-40% 5 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers. IRRI Julie Pasuquin GY_CM_kgha 3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 16-25% 6 Highly fertile >90% 5 Very abundant: more than 25 tillers/plant 1 IRRI Julie Pasuquin AerA_IA_mm2 26-50% 7 9 All plants dead IRRI Jeffrey Detras TMat_Meas_1to9 MAT 3 Moderately strong most plants bending Jeffrey Detras STEM_BORER_DAMAGE StemBorer_YellowEst_0to9 IRRI very strong 9 030 1 7 Strong 6 Red 1 Best elongation response 1 1-10% black 6 1 absent or very weak 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying Kernel swollen, high gel temp (>74C) 2 Strong 7 5 Intermediate (lowland: 110-130 cm, upland: 90-125 cm) 2 Growth and tillering nearly normal, basal leaves slightly discolored 2 dark brown 4 CulmA_IA_mm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin 2 Green 2 050 Well exserted 9 1 above 70% ApAnth_ImmatEst_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 1 No symptom observed 3 Partly exserted panicle base is slightly beneath the collar of the flag leaf blade Triangular (and very small) 3 LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_Pct IRRI Jeffrey Detras LEAFFOLDER 1 Erect 21-50% 7 All plants dead 9 3 1-5% (apical lesions) 21-40% 5 7 Drooping 0 No injury Julie Pasuquin CDef_CM_r IRRI BLAST IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfBlastDam_EstTyp_0to9 1 1-5% Many: 20-25 tillers/plant 3 All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both 5 1 very early Lesion completely around panicle baseor uppermost internode or the panicle axis near the base with less than 30% of filled grains. 9 2 7 Long ~30 mm Absent 0 No injury 0 8 purple 060 2 087 8 1 Extra vigorous, very fast growing Completely sterile 0% 9 No disease observed 0 5 6-25% 1 Very short <11 cm 7 Broad 1 011 041 1 Semi-erect (semi-compact) 3 Semi-erect (intermediate) 3 Very weak all plants flat 9 SpPan_CM_SpPan IRRI Julie Pasuquin 5 Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area 040 Gold 2 0 Absent Almost all plants dead or dying 9 7 1 Straight 10-19.9% seed set 5 7-9 sensitive Acute to acuminate 2 very strong 9 7 Few: 5-9 tillers/plant 7 Broad spindle-shaped lesion with yellow, brown, or purple margin light purple 7 Partly awned 1 Short 7 Tip drying extended up to 1/4 length in most leaves 3 CwallT_IA_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin Leaves pale yellow or yellow and 26-75% of height reduction, floweringdelayed 7 070 5 084 2 Scented 2 1 Less than 2 leaves/hill injured Moderately difficult 1-5% 3 8 Long to very long 156-180 cm 4 080 3 Hairy on lower surface 5-9.9% seed set 7 9 0-19% 4 pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 90% fertile or above 2 5 Intermediate ~45 cm 7 Partially sterile (70%-94.9%) Very short to short 51-70 cm 2 0 No damage 80-100% 1 1 Truncate 4 Hairy on both sides More than 50% 9 080 Purple 5 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 7 060 4 081 4 4 081 7 056 2 020 2 040 Gold AerTA_IA_mm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI Open ?60? 5 3 052 Brown (tawny) Photoperiod-sensitive genic type (PGMS) 3 Present 1 5 Distinctly yellow and narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers. 5 31-45% 053 5 Extra long more than 7.5 mm 1 11-15% 5 RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9 RGSV1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 51-100% 9 CulmAng_Est_SES1to9 CMA_CO_1_9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 5 Medium 2 Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface) 9 More than 80% spikelets fertile 1 Very slight damage 1 Tip only 1 3 5 Medium HI_CM_r IRRI Julie Pasuquin 052 Brown (tawny) 4 No lesions observed 0 000 0 No damage 0 Poor 7 5 Sterile (95%-98.9%) 5 Leaves fully cupped in U-shape 3 Brown spots on straw Intermediate to long 121-140 cm 6 9 Rapidly coalescing small, whitish, grayish, or bluish lesions without distinct margins 3 First and 2nd leaves yellowing 2 1 Whorled 3 4-7% Absent 0 No visible lesion observed or lesions on only a few pedicels 0 000 0 3 Some damage/leaf discoloration 31-60% 7 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal, healthy 9 Leaves turn yellow or orange, more than 75% height reduction, no flowering or some plants dead 7 20-39% 1-5% 1 Absent 1 1 Erect <30? 8-15% 5 084 Purple lines 4 TUfGW UfGW_Av_g1000gr Julie Pasuquin IRRI 7 080 Purple reddish brown 4 moderately tolerant 4-5 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 TiFlwT_CM_d IRRI Julie Pasuquin 2 Intermediate: 25-50% of grains removed 7 Rolling of entire length of all leaves, pronounced yellowing 9 26-100% Growth and tillering nearly normal, older leaves reddish-brown, purple, or orange-yellow 3 3 Leaves partly folded in deep V-shape 1-5% 3 Complete plant wilting, followed by severe yellowing and scorching 9 9 Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves 5 Rolling of terminal 1/2 area of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd leaves, yellowing of leaf tips Very weak 1 Scalloped or toothed 2 2 061 7 26-50% IRRI Julie Pasuquin GFR_CM_gday 2 9 Very long (>80 cm) 2 1 Erect 9 0-10% LmPCol_MatEst_IRRI1to11 Jeffrey Detras IRRI All plants dead 9 Easy: >50% of grains removed 3 Narrow or slightly elliptical lesions, 1-2 mm in breadth, more than 3 mm long with a brown margin 5 Brown furrows on straw 4 3 Short <30 cm 7 light purple Scabrous 1 0 No symptoms 3 95-99% 51-100% 9 26-50% infected panicles 7 2 gold 6 Lightly scented 1 Very long >40 mm 9 2 050 1 Very weak 3 042 51-100% 9 7 Yellow to orange and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withfew small tillers Jeffrey Detras PlntVg_VegEst_1to9 VG IRRI CulmAng_Est_UPOV1to9 CMA_CO_1_9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 000 0 Late (two or more leaves still green at harvest) 7 084 5 21-30% 5 1-10% covered 3 086 1 1 Glabrous (no hairs) 9 More than 1/2 of the injured with some broken leaves 4 081 1 Small 81-100% 9 2 Hairy or ciliated 010 1 011 1 9 062 1 011 Whitish 4 Present 9 7 Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying IRRI FLA_CM_cm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras AwLng_CultMax_0to9 ANL 000 0 1-3 Tolerant Very long >40 cm 9 3 Some damage/leaf discoloration 1 100% of performance of tolerant check 20-30% 3 5 many 6 1 Very short (<21 cm) Kernel not affected but chalky, high gel temp (>74C) 1 31-50% 5 Very weak 1 000 0 7 Long Intermediate (one leaf still green at harvest) 5 7-9 Sensitive 9 Poorest elongation, or none, like non-elongating semidwarf e.g. IR42 9 Above 40% covered 2 060 purple spots 4 5-10% infected panicles 3 51-100% 9 3 Low (~3%) 2 062 3 Half spindle-shaped 052 3 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal High 7 Short 3 3 70-89% 0 No disease observed Vigorous, fast growing 3 9 All plants apparently dead 7 Weak, plants somewhat stunted, most plants with 3-4 leaves and no tillers in thin population 5 13-25% 3 1-10% Small brown specks of pinpoint size or large brown specks without sporulating center on the lower leaves 1 5 Spreading (open) No infection observed 0 6-7 Sensitive 083 12 Horizontal 5 61-80% 3 Less than 1% 1 1 Absent Growth and tillering severely retarded, about half of all leaves brown or yellow 5 054 6 1 Erect <15 degrees Very late (all leaves still green at harvest) 9 5 Normal, most plants with 4-leaves 1 080 1 1-10% 1 Excellent 080 6 Strong 7 8 99 Other 061 Light green 5 3 Narrow <1 cm 1 Very low (<1%) 11-40% 7 6-25% 5 8 Tall >60 cm 7 9 61% and above 2 3 052 Brown (tawny) 1 Extra long 8 100 Black 1 Non-glutinous (non-waxy, stains dark blue purple) 5 Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves whitish and rolled, only a few elongating black 9 080 Purple 3 020 2 IRRI GRW Jeffrey Detras GrWdt_Av_mm More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 9 Extra long 3 Short Absent 0 4 Less than 5% infected panicles 1 5 Intermediate 106 -120 cm All plants dead 9 41-60% 5 0% of the kernel with chalkiness 0 7 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. Early (all leaves have lost their green colour at harvest) 3 Purple spots on straw 7 All plants dead 9 2 1/3 to 1/2 of leaf area scraped 5 Maximum tiller angle less than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers Clustered 3 7 Strong 6 Horizontal 5 087 8 Fully awned 2 50-74% 7 061 3 060 2 Cleft White 1 Leaves healthy 0 8 082 Highly fertile >90% 1 No injury 0 LDWplt_Av_g IRRI Julie Pasuquin Typical blast lesions infection 51-75% of the leaf area and many leaves are dead 8 51-100% (apical and marginal lesions) 9 Stressed 2 95-99% 3 0 No disease observed 11-15% 5 2 Curved More than 75% of leaf area affected 9 3 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with numerous small tillers. Just exserted panicle base coincides with the collar of the flag 5 4 0 000 5 purple furrows 5 medium Round 1 3 1-5% 6-25% 5 No damage 0 2 080 4 Very weak 1 More than 2/3 of all leaves fully dried 7 Pubescent 3 3 1-5% 3 Weak 8 Gold and gold furrows on straw background 2 Intermediate ~15 mm 5 41-60% 5 Less than 1% 1 5 11-30% 0 000 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 9 All plants dead 3 1-5% 26-100% 9 062 6 11 100 Short 71-90 cm 3 3 Small roundish to slightly elongated necrotic sporulating spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter with a distinct brown margin or yellow halo 080 7 4 Hard 36-40 mm 2-cleft 7 9 Very high (>50%) Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead 7 1 white More than 75% leaf area affected 9 6 Leaves green or pale green with mottling and 6% to 25% of height reduction, flowering slightly delayed 5 5 Bold 7 26-50% (apical and marginal lesions) 3 1-5% 1-10% 1 1 Lightly scented 3 Intermediate 41-60 mm Good 3 9 Abortion at later stage: pollen grains look like fertile pollen (518A cytoplasm from O. nivara) 8 purple 5 Medium 3 weak partially male sterile 2 9 More than 50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange discoloration Less than 1% 1 tolerant 2-3 7 31-60% pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile 4 3 brown 4 080 9 Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves pollen and spikelets both 90% fertile or above 1 6 31-60% 7 2 10% of the kernel with chalkiness 1 7 Completely dispersed and cleared, low gel temp (<70C) 0 Absent Purple 3 100% of plants survive 1 5 Medium 2 Truncate acronym 5 Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead Count only the number of panicles with lesions covering completely around the node, neck or lower part of the panicle axis (symptom type 7-9), and estimate their percentage Panicle blast incidence Culm angle Culm Angle CulmAng Angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical spikelet sterility scale iron injury scale CDef Flatness of the culm Deformation Culm degree of deformation Culm percent millimeter number of panicles per plant scale Yellow mottle Yellow mottle disease YellowMottleSev Severity The type and severity of yellow mottle disease symptoms caused by rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV). Symptoms: stunting, reduced tillering, mottling and yellowing streaking of the leaves, delayed flowering or incomplete emergence of the panicles, in extreme cases, death of plants Wild species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of five representative plants Average culm diameter - wild species Flag leaf relative size FLsizeR Size (area) of the flag leaf relative to the size (ie area) of the leaf below it Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Relative size Caryopsis length measurement Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the length of ten caryopses and calculate the average Cell wall carbohydrate content in the stem Wall carbohydrate content StCWC Stem cell wall carbohydrate content Stem Using a hand lens, visually assess and evaluate the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemmas and paleas Lemma and palea pubescence evaluation day narrow brown leaf spot scale Diameter of basal portion (ie 1st elongated internode) of the main culm CulmDiam 1st elongated culm internode Diameter Culm diameter - 1st internode Unfilled spikelets weight per area Weight per area Dry weight of unfilled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis UFSpY Spikelet Drought estimation leaf rolling Estimate the extent of leaf rolling on exposure to drought Internodes GY Spikelet Amount of grain (weight) produced per area Grain yield Yield View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to count the number of air spaces in the culm Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma number pollen sterility scale Manual measurement - Panicle exsertion Measure distance between the base of the flag leaf and the panicle neck node, there is positive exertion if the panicle base is above the flag leaf base and a negative exsertion if otherwise. culm diameter scale UPOV Surface area Root Root surface area RtA Total surface area of root system Bird damage incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of panicles that are damaged by birds Estimate the proportion of tillers that show visible symptoms of infection Ufra incidence estimation Calculate as the percentage of head milled grains with chalkiness. The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing). Calculation - Percentage of grain with chalkiness brown planthopper injury scale greenhouse DFlwS Time elapsed from date of sowing to flowering stage Time to flowering (from sowing) Spikelet Time to flowering from sowing Measure the ratio of the length of cooked to uncooked polished (white) rice grains Grain elongation ratio Calculation - Days to maturity Take the number of days to flowering and add 30 days Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Flag leaf angle estimation cult early leaf angle scale % Average - Flag leaf-1 length Measure length of representative leaves below the flag leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade. Take the average length BRiceProtCt Dehulled grain protein content Brown rice protein content The concentration of protein in brown (dehulled) rice Average - Leaf dry weight Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight, weigh and take the average leaf weight flowering heat injury scale Mature lemma and palea color Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea after harvest. millimeter The ability of plants to survive a period of submergence Tolerance Submergence SubTol Submergence tolerance Oven dry representative flag leaf -1 at 70degC to constant weight and weigh. Take the average weight Average - Oven dry weight EInt Culm internode Number Elongated internode number Number of elongated internodes on the culm Estimate the extent to which leaves dry on exposure to drought Drought estimation leaf drying Severity HojaBlancaSev Hoja blanca The type and severity of hoja blanca disease symptoms caused by rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV) causing hoja blanca. Symptoms: cream colored to yellow spots, elongating and coalescing fo form longitudinal yellowish green to pale green striations. Streaks may coalesce to cover the whole leaf. Brown and sterile glumes with typical parrot beak shape of deformation Hoja blanca disease PedL Length Length of the stalk bearing the panicle Peduncle length Peduncle udbatta disease incidence scale ShRotInc The type and severity of sheath rot symptoms caused by Soracladium oryzae. Symptoms: oblong or irregular brown to grey lesions on the leaf sheath near panicle, sometimes coalescing to prevent emergence of panicle. Sheath rot Sheath rot Incidence Calculation - Total culm porosity Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area and pith area to the culm area FLpDw Dry weight Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Dry weight of flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Pooled dry weight of the flag leaf and the leaf below it The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of zinc in the growing medium Zinc deficiency ZnDefInj Zinc deficiency injury Injury Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma area View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the average area of the air spaces in the culm Anther length Anther Length Anther length AnLt Panicle threshability estimation SES Grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action 1/ oven dry the harvested grains to constant dry weight. 2/ Derive the grain yield from the panicle density, the 1000-grain weight, the number of filled spikelets per panicle or spikelets per panicle and filled spikelet percentage Calculation - Grain yield from components of yield Elongation Stem StmElong The ability of the stem to elongate as flood water rises and thus to keep the topmost leaves above water level Stem elongation Bird Damage Bird damage The extent of damage caused by birds. BirdDam View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the cross-sectioned culm Image analysis - Culm area Pith major diameter PDMaj Diameter Diameter of the wider portion of pith Pith Panicle threshability Panicle PanThr Threshability Describes the ease with which grains are removed from the panicle during threshing Calculation - Flag leaf -1 specific leaf area Take the ratio of leaf area to leaf dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf Partial porosity Culm CulmPP Ratio of aerenchyma area to culm area Culm partial porosity An overall description of the vigour of plant growth, combining several components such as number of tillers, plant height, number of leaves, canopy density Vigor Plant PlntVg Vigor LigMargShp Describes the form of the margin of the ligule Ligule margin shape Shape Ligule margin Immature apiculus color examination Examine the colour of the apiculus of immature lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references LigLng Ligule length Ligule Length Length of ligule, defined as distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule Aboveground dry matter Yield Dry matter yield Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per area TDM Pith PithD Diameter Diameter of the hollow portion of the culm Pith diameter Take subsample of unfilled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain Average - unfilled spikelet weight immature apiculus color IRRI scale % grams per square meter Place non-dormant grains on moistened filter paper and cover with a petri-dish lid during germination. After the coleoptiles have reached a length of about 5 mm in darkness, place them in artificial light (daylight equivalent) at 750-1250 lux continuously for 3 to 4 days, at a temperature of 25 to 30 degrees Centigrade. Observe colour when the coleoptile is fully with first leaf just emerging (about 6 to 7 days) Coleoptile anthocyanin evaluation Alkali AlkInj Alkali injury Injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in alkaline soils SDMaj Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath Stem major diameter - 2nd internode Major diameter 2nd elongated stem internode Head rice HdR Head rice Describes how much of a sample of milled rice comprises whole rather than broken kernels. Head rice is defined as kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels Proportion Specific area of flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Specific area Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Ratio of pooled flag leaf area to pooled flag leaf dry mass FLpSla View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the narrower portion of the culm Image analysis - Minor culm diameter Collar Collar color CollCol Colour Colour of the leaf collar Scoring X panicles using the panicle blast damage score, compute panicle blast severity PBS= (10xN1 + 20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/X, where N1-N9 are the number of panicles with score 1-9 Panicle blast severity gram millimeter mg g-1 dry matter auricle color scale Lemma phenol reaction Place hulls from 10 grains into a petri dish of 5 cm diameter, add 5 ml of 1.5% phenol solution, cover the petri dish, and keep at room temperature for 1 day. Observe the intensity of the reaction of the phnol on the lemmas Ragged stunt disease index Score RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9 5 weeks after inoculation in the greenhouse, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored . Plant Fertility restoration Fertility restoration FertRest This is a compound trait used for F1 hybrids combining the proportion of fertile spikelets at maturity with the proportion of fertile pollen at anthesis Take the total dry weight of stems, leaves and panicles per plant Calculation - Total dry matter per plant DFlwE Time to flowering from emergence Spikelet Time to flowering (from emergence) Time elapsed from date of emergence to flowering stage Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the wider portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter. Average - Major stem diameter CDMin Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath Culm minor diameter - 2nd internode Minor diameter 2nd elongated culm internode Average culm length Measure distance from soil surface to base of panicle on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average PanLng Panicle length Panicle Length Length of panicle defined as the distance from the base to the tip of the panicle when the main axis of the panicle is held straight Leaf blast The type and severity of leaf blast symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms are necrotic lesions on the leaves, in severe cases leading to leaf death LfBlastDam Damage Leaf blast damage green leafhopper injury scale greenhouse Drought recovery DhtRecov Drought The extent to which plants recover when soaked with water after exposure to drought. The extent of recovery depends strongly on the severity of drought. Recovery Ratio of grain length to grain width Grain GLWR Grain length to width ratio Length to width ratio Record the actual grain yield grain harvested on a plot. AYLD_CONT method Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Fertile pollen grains will be round and well stained, sterile pollen grains will be unstained or partially stained, and withered or round. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the proportion that are sterile Pollen sterility calculation Lemma and palea Colour ornementation Lemma and palea color ornementation LmPColOrn Colour ornamentation of the lemma and palea. It characterizes the colours present only on parts of the lemma and palea rat damage incidence scale Color of the apiculus of the lemma Colour Apiculus of lemma Apiculus color ApCol ufra incidence scale Rice bug damage assessment Observe the proportion of injured grains per panicle caused by rice bug Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area to cortex area Calculation - Specific culm porosity Weighing - filled grain weight Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh. Area of an air space in a cross-section of the culm AerA Aerenchyma area Area Stem aerenchyma Narrow brown leaf spot estimation Estimate the % leaf area diseased GrLng Grain length Length Spikelet Length of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea Ligule shape determination Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice Image analysis - Major culm diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the wider portion of the culm Leaf sheath Thickness of the leaf sheath surrounding the stem LfST Leaf sheath thickness Thickness percent mm Green leaves per plant Take the number of half-filled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100 Calculation - Half-filled spikelet percentage apiculus color scale mature Proportion of head milled grains with chalkiness Proportion PGWC Chalky dehulled intact grain Proportion of grains with chalkiness Plant height average Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of represenrtative plants and calculate the average Keel anthocyanin Keel KeelAnth Anthocyanin content Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the keel of the lemma Endosperm type assessment Stain polished (milled, white) rice grains with a weak KI-I solution, prepared by mixing 0.1% I2 solution with 0.2% KI solution, and observe the colour of the stained endosperm Stem total nonstructural carbohydrate content StNSC Stem Non-structural carbohydrate content Nonstructural carbohydrate content in the stem AP Abortion pattern Abortion pattern Pollen Describes the stage at which pollen grains abort in male sterile lines. Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test Bacterial blight damage estimation field Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root surface area based on image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length. Surface area is calculated from root diameter and length assuming the root has a round cross-section. Image analysis - Root surface area using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Panicle Weight per plant Panicle dry weight per plant PDWplt Panicle dry weight per plant SdDate Plant Seeding date seeding date Date of effective seeding, ie the date when seeds were first moistened This may be the date of soaking for pre-soaked seed, or the date of sowing for dry seed sown onto a wet seedbed, or the date when rain or other moisture becomes available to seed sown dry on a dry seedbed Damage Case worm damage The extent of plant damage caused by caseworm (Nymphula depunctalis). Symptoms: only the papery upper epidermis of the leaf remains after larvae have fed on the internal leaf tissue CaseWormDam Caseworm % Before starting to score phenotypic acceptability, define what is excellent, good ... unacceptable grain for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets, and then score the phenotypic acceptability of mature grain Phenotypic acceptability estimation Proportion Proportion of leaves that stayed green until the maturity stage SGr Green leaf Stay-green Number Aerenchyma number AerN Number of air spaces in the culm Stem aerenchyma leaf senescence harvest scale Stem borer StemBorer Damage Stem borer damage The extent of damage caused by stem borers, which include Chilo suppressalis (striped), C. polychrysus (dark headed), Rupela albinella (South American white), Scirpophaga incertulas (yellow), S innotata (white), Sesamia inferens (pink), Maliarpha separatella (African whiteheads), Diopsis macrophthalma (Stalked-eyed fly), and several other species In a greenhouse test, grow each line in culture solution under two conditions: 0.5ppm P (low P) and 10ppm P (standard P). Estimate the propoprtion of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P Phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse EndoType A broad classification of the type of endosperm based on the presence or absence of amylose Endosperm type Type Endosperm SDWplt Stem Mass Stem dry weight Total dry weight of stem and sheath per plant Panicle branch arrangement scale Keel anthocyanin mature examination Examine the colour of the keel of mature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence Observe the presence and intensity of any purplish colour that can be attributed to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Int2L Length of the second internode from the base 2nd elongated culm internode Second internode length Length Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RTungroSev_Est_0to9 after 4 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Rice tungro disease estimation - greenhouse Measure length of the penultimate leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average Average leaf length awn color scale mature IRRI CwallT Culm wall Culm wall thickness Width Distance between the perimeter of the hollow pith and the epidermis awn presence scale UPOV anthocyanin below apiculus scale mature panicle threshability scale SES Rat damage incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of plants that are damaged by rats Width of air spaces in the culm Aerenchyma diameter AerD Diameter Stem aerenchyma sensed aroma cooked scale cm Estimate the type and severity of symptoms Yellow mottle disease assessment Calculate the number of days between emergence and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Calculation - Days to flowering from emergence AwThk Awn thickness Thickness Awn Thickness of awns Dry weight of stems and leaves per plant StDM Straw dry matter per plant Straw Weight per plant Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground at intervals from harvest to maturity Culm strength estimation - SES Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers arising from the base of each plant Tiller Tiller number per plant TillNo Number per plant Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the narrower portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter. Average - Minor stem diameter Flag leaf temperature FLfT Flag leaf Flag leaf surface temperature Temperature Days Sterility cause A classification of male sterility according to the type or cause of sterility MaleSterGp Male pollen Male sterility group Half-filled spikelets Half-filled grain weight Dry weight of a half-filled spikelet, including the hull Weight THfGW sheath blight relative height scale Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm node anthocyanin distribution Culm angle estimation Estimate by eye the average angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical Spikelets per hill SpHill Number per hill Total number of spikelets per hill Spikelet Code Shape of the caryopsis Caryopsis Caryopsis shape Shape CaryoShp Filled spikelet Filled grain weight Weight The weight of a spikelet that is filled with a grain FGW Gs Stomata Water vapor conductance Rate of passage of water vapor through the leaf Stomatal conductance ChrNo The number of chromosomes in the nucleus Chromosome Number Chromosome number Time elapsed from date of transplanting to physiological maturity stage Time to maturity from transplanting Spikelet Time to maturity (from transplanting) DMatT Total porosity ratio Caryopsis Width The width of the caryopsis at its widest point at right angles to its length (ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling the grain and before milling) Caryopsis width CaryoWdt awn presence scale wild Panicle branch arrangement assessment Observe whether primary branches on the panicle axis are grouped into whorls or are borne individually on alternate sides FSpPan Number of spikelets with a filled grain per panicle Number per panicle Filled spikelets per panicle Filled spikelet Panicle Panicle temperature Temperature Panicle surface temperature PanT micromol CO2 m-2 s-1 Half-filled spikelets proportion Half-filled spikelet HFSpPct Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are half-filled Proportion NRGQASC - Grain width Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) Ligule pubescence estimation Assess pubescence (hairiness) of the ligules under a hand lens. Spikelet DMatS Time to maturity (from sowing) Time elapsed from date of sowing to physiological maturity stage Time to maturity from sowing Analytical measurement - Ash content Predict ash content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Calculation - Tiller fertility Take the number of reproductive tillers and divide by the total number of tillers Average - Number of elongated internodes Count number of elongated internodes starting from the base of the main culm to the neck node gram Leaf blast damage type Assess the type of lesion Unfilled spikelet UFSpPct Proportion Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are unfilled Unfilled spikelets proportion Calculation - Grain yield per plant Derive grain weight per plant from number of productive panicles per plant, 1000-grain weight, and number filled spikelets per panicle. BLSAnth Basal leaf sheath Anthocyanin content Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin Yield measurement Harvest grain from at least 5 m2/plot, discarding at least three border rows. Thresh, dry the rough (paddy) rice to 14% moisture content, and weigh. Maturity days after seeding Monitor daily , note the date when 80-85% of grains on panicles are mature, and count the number of days lapsed since the date of effective seeding stem borer whitehead damage scale StPRO Protein content in the stem Stem protein content Protein content Stem percent FLCC Flag leaf Flag leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in the uppermost leaf of the main culm Partial porosity ratio Proportion of head rice (kernel longer or equal to 3/4 full length of the kernel) obtained from milling the rough rice (grain with hull) Head milled rice rate Proportion HMRR Intact dehulled grain after milling Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root volume based on image analysis Image analysis - Root volume using WinRhizo in SITIS platform mm g percent mm TilHill Tiller number per hill Tiller Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per hill Number per plant Panicle Time elapsed from heading date and date of exsertion of last spikelet Time to panicle exsertion (from heading) Time to exsertion from heading DExs Average panicle length - immature Measure the length of main axis of the immature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average Estimate the tiller angle at the point of kneeing Kneeing ability estimation SES Oven dry representative stems at 70degC to constant weight. Weigh and take the average stem weight Average - Stem dry weight square meter per second per mol of water Lemma phenol reaction Phenol reaction Lemma PhenReac Describes the change in colour of lemmas in response phenol centimeter Average panicle basal branch number Count the number of primary panicle branches attached to the basal whorl of representative panicles, and calculate the average Apiculus anthocyanin Apiculus of lemma ApAnth Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of the lemma Anthocyanin content Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which 80% of the flowering heads have appeared Main flowering date observation Leaf total number Leaf Total number of fully expanded leaves produced per plant from germination to flowering Number per plant Lf Panicle Number of panicles per hill Panicles per hill PanHill Number per hill Take the ratio of number of green leaves at maturity to the number of green leaves at flowering Calculation - Stay-green Pith PithA Area Pith area Area of the hollow region of the culm square millimeter mm/mm Brown spot damage Damage BS The type and severity of brown spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Bipolaris oryzae, Drechslera oryzae). Symptoms: typical leaf spots are small, oval or circular and dark brown. Larger lesions usually have the same color on the edges but have a pale, usually grayish center. Most spots have a light yellow halo around the outer edge. Brown spot Measure the distance between the second and third nodes, counting from the base of the main culm. Repeat measurement on other representative plant. Take the average Average - Length of second internode drought scale spikelet sterility sheath rot incidence scale Anther colour examination Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the anthers when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Use 3-digit scale codes for common scoring system across all colour traits Width of leaf below the flag leaf FL1W Flag leaf-1 Width Flag leaf-1 width panicle exsertion scale Bacterial blight race 2 damage estimation field Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 2 Caryopsis shape UPOV Observe the shape of the caryopsis in lateral view Remove leaf sheath and measure wider width of second elongated internodes from the base and take the average Average - Major culm diameter UDInc Udbatta disease Udbatta disease Incidence The type and severity of udbatta disease symptoms caused by Balansia oryzae-sativae (Ephelis oryzae). Symptoms: a white mycelial mat ties the panicle branches together so that they emerge as single, small, cylindrical rods. Mature apiculus color examination Examine the colour of the apiculus of maturing lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references Calculation - Partial culm porosity Calculate ratio of total aerenchyma area to culm area Immature lemma and palea colour Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea before the grain ripens. StmRotInc Stem rot Incidence The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by Magnaporthe salvinii (Nakatea sigmoidea, Sclerotium oryzae) and Helminthosporium sigmoideum var. irregulare. Symptoms: dark lesions develop on the stems near the water line. Small, dark bodies (sclerotia) develop, weaken the stem and cause lodging. Stem rot mm millibars Milled polished grain Zinc content in polished grain Zinc content in grain Zinc content Grain yield per plant Amount of grain (weight) produced per one plant Spikelet GYplt Weight per plant Brown planthopper injury assessment field Observe the damage on the plants caused by brown planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Leaf angle Estimate the position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base Observe the vigor, leaf colour and damage to seedlings grown at 10 degrees C Seedling cold injury Average - Panicles per hill Count the number of panicles per hill for several hills. Take the average. In a greenhouse test, adjust the unadjusted injury ratings R for test entries by dividing by R for the susceptible check and multiplying by 100% Leaffolder adjusted injury rating Days to 80% flowering count Calculate as the difference between the main heading date and the date of effective seeding Salt injury assessment Observe growth in saline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores. View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the hollow region of the culm Image analysis - Pith area FlgLfLng Flag leaf Length Length of the uppermost leaf of the main culm Flag leaf length collar color scale RD centimeter FL1Dw Dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf Flag leaf-1 Dry weight Flag leaf-1 dry weight salt injury scale Incidence Lodging Lodging incidence Describes the tendency of plants to lodge /(fall flat/) LodInc Green leafhopper Damage GLhDam Green leafhopper damage The extent of damage caused by green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix cincticeps). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. CulmSP Culm Culm specific porosity Specific porosity Ratio of aerenchyma area to cortex area mol H2O m-2 s-1 Phenotypic Acceptability Grain PhenAcc Phenotypic Acceptability An overall assessment of phenotypic acceptability of the grains for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets Derive from the soil moisture retention (pF) curve using the soil moisture content at wilting point. Calculation - Soil moisture tension at wilting point Estimate the proportion of spikelet fertility after exposure to drought Drought estimation spikelet sterility Lodging incidence estimation Observe the proportion of plants that are lodged at harvest Kneeing ability presence Estimate presence/absence of knees after flowering in conditions where culms have fallen flat due to receding water flow. Whitebacked planthopper WBPH Damage Whitebacked planthopper damage The extent of damage caused by whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. hoja blanca vegetative disease scale yellow stem borer deadheart damage scale Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 2 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Brown planthopper biotype 2 injury assessment millimeter square millimeter yellow dwarf disease scale Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Grassy stunt 2 disease index Seed germination 1 Estimate the proportion of germinated seeds Non-structural material content Stem Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content of stem Stem total structural materials content StSTR mg g-1 dry matter kernel smut incidence scale Visually estimate the penultimate leaf blade for the intensity of greenness. Leaf blade greenness Stem borer deepwater damage assessment For deepwater rice, make dissections of 20 or more tillers per plot or row after heading, count the numbers of infested tillers and estimate the proportion of infested tillers false smut incidence scale Submergence survival assessment Field evaluation: estimate the proportion of plants that survive submergence after floodwater recedes. Record the duration of submergence Observe effects on spikelet fertility, heading and growth of plants grown at 17-18 degrees during flowering Flowering cold injury culm internode underlying colour scale stigma exsertion scale Kneeing ability Stem KneeAb The ability of a stem, after it has fallen flat e.g. after floodwater recedes, to start growing upright from a young node (the knee)) and bear panicles, typically an ability expressed by deepwater varieties (applicable only in conditions where culms have fallen flat) kneeing ability Calculation - Grain yield from plant density Take yield per plant and multiply with plants density Awn presence Presence AwPres Presence of awns Awn Sterile lemma shape scale Observe the attitude of the main axis of the panicle Panicle axis observation rice tungro disease scale Take the ratio of flag leaf area to area of the leaf below the flag leaf Calculation - Relative flag leaf size basal leaf sheath color scale 1 square centimeter Lemma and palea color Colour LmPCol Colour of the lemma and palea Lemma and palea Awn distribution scale Spikelet Proportion Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains FSpProp Filled spikelet proportion bacterial leaf streak damage scale day Gall midge injury assessment field In a field test, observe the proportion of infected tillers. For the field test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, more than 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should be affected with not less than 15% silver shoot Spikelets per panicle Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath CulmD Diameter 2nd elongated culm internode Culm diameter - 2nd internode mm drought scale leaf rolling Dry weight of an unfilled spikelet, including the hull Weight Unfilled spikelets TUfGW Unfilled grain weight Incidence Panicle blast incidence The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Panicle blast PBInc chalkiness 0-5 scale Arrangement The arrangement of primary branches on the panicle axis, grouped into whorls or individually on alternate sides PanBrArr Panicle branch arrangement Panicle branch Examine the colour of the pericarp against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Pericarp colour examination Spikelet Time to initial flowering (from transplanting) DiFlwT Time elapsed from date of transplanting to initial flowering stage Time to intitial flowering from transplanting Take representative panicles, measure temperature near panicle surface with an infrared gun and take the average Average - Panicle temperature Carbon dioxide assimilation rate of the leaf Leaf Photosynthetic rate Photosynthetic rate PS Average - Peduncle length Measure distance between the panicle neck node of the main culm and the panicle base, i.e. uppermost culm node. Repeat measurement on other representative plants and take the average. flag leaf angle scale wild leaf scald damage scale grams per square meter Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Grassy stunt 1 disease index Ligule shape determination - wild Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice Chalkiness Endosperm Chalkiness of endosperm Clk Describes the extent to which milled (polished, white) rice appears to be a chalky white colour as opposed to translucent white. The chalky appearance arises from the incomplete development of starch grains in the endosperm, which leaves tiny air pockets between starch granules and results in weak grains Seeding date observation Record the date of effective seeding ligule color scale wild Average leaf width Measure width at the widest portion of the penultimate leaf on the main culm of five representative plants. Calculate average First heading date observation Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which first flush of flowering heads appear mmol H2O m-2 s-1 Leaffolder unadjusted injury rating In a greenhouse test where NT leaves have been scored using the single leaf injury score, calculate the injury rating R = (N1 + 2xN2 + 3xN3)x100% / (NTx3), where N1-N3 are the number of leaves with score 1-3 Examine pollen grains under a microscrope and estimate the proportion that are sterile Male sterility estimation rhizome formation scale 1 FlgLfWdt Flag leaf Width Flag leaf width Width of the uppermost leaf of the main culm Extent to which the panicle is exserted above (i.e. protrudes from), as opposed to being enclosed within, the flag leaf sheath Panicle Panicle exsertion PanExs Exsertion 2nd elongated stem internode Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath StemD Diameter Stem diameter - 2nd internode Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on seedlings Rice delphacid injury assessment greenhouse Collar Collar anthocyanin CollAnth Anthocyanin content Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the collars % of plants that lodged Place 0.1g ground rice in a test tube with thymol blue (0.025% in ethanol, 0.2 ml) and KOH (0.2N, 2 ml). Shake the tube to mix contents, boil (8 min), rest (5 min) and then place in an ice-bath (15 min). Lay cooled tubes flat on graph paper for 1 hour, and then measure the distance that the gel travels . Included standards, as the age of the rice, degree of milling and operator skill affect reproducibility: IR48 (85?90 mm), IR32 (72-75 mm) and IR42 (30-32 mm). Gel consistency lab measurement hoja blanca reproductive disease scale Drought The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by drought. Leaf rolling precedes leaf drying during drought. Response to drought is highly responsive to crop phenology, plant growth prior to stress, and the timing, duration, and intensity of drought stress. For many soils, it takes at least 2 rainless weeks during the vegetative stage to cause marked differences in response and at least 7 rainless days during the reproductive stage to cause severe drought injury. Repeated ratings are recommended through progress of the drought. Record the stage of plant growth when the stress occurred and the number of stress days. Injury Drought injury DhtInj Flag leaf-1 Area Flag leaf-1 area FL1A Area of the leaf below the flag leaf Green leaf number Green leaf Number of green leaves on the main culm Number per plant GLf percent fertility restoration scale Green leafhopper injury assessment field Observe the damage on the seedlings caused by green leafhopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Estimate the proportion of glumes that are discoloured Grain discoloration incidence estimation The type and severity of narrow brown leaf spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Sphaerulina oryzina (Cercospora janseana) Narrow brown leaf spot Narrow brown leaf spot damage Damage NBLSDam Press spikelets between fingers to check which have filled grains inside. Test five representative panicles to estimate the percentage of spikelets that are filled score Spikelet fertility score Leaf LDWplt Leaf dry weight per plant Total dry weight of leaves per plant Dry weight per plant ligule shape scale UPOV awn color scale immature SES Lodging incidence % Indicate % of plants that lodged Stem starch content StSTA Starch content in the stem Starch content Stem square millimeter day Outcrossing extent Describes the extent of outcrossing of male sterile lines Plant OutXExt Outcrossing extent Pollen sterility The degree of male (pollen) sterility Male pollen MaleSter Sterility brown planthopper biotype 2 injury scale millimeter Glume opening The extent to which the glumes (i.e. the lemma and palea) of a floret open during blooming Glume Opening GlOp Formation RhyzForm Describes the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers in the mature plant Rhizome/stolon Rhizome and stolon formation Estimate the ability of stems to elongate based on comparison with check varieties. Specify water depth under which the data was recorded Stem elongation estimation Rat damage RatDam Damage The extent of damage caused by rats. Symptoms: the tiller is cut at a 45 degrees angle. Damage is typically heavier in the center of a crop (stadium effect). A tiller cut through by a rodent is likely to regrow, if this is after maximum tillering then the regrown tiller is unlikely to produce panicles prior to harvest. Often the regrown, but non productive, tillers are not scored as rodent damage. Rat Average awn thickness Measure the average thickness of 10 representative spikelets, 1 cm from the apiculus of the spikelet. awn color scale immature IRRI Leaves per plant Image analysis - Major pith diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the wider portion of the culm pith Heat injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high temperature. The key period of sensitivity is during flowering HeatSens Sensitivity Heat Estimate the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles Auricle anthocyanin presence Number of panicles per unit area PanD Number Panicle Panicle density Panicle axis attitude The attitude of the main axis of the panicle, which ranges from straight upright to droopy Attitude PanAxAtt Panicle axis Apiculus of lemma Shape of the apiculus of the lemma Shape ApSh Apiculus shape brown spot damage scale Panicle threshability estimation RD Cultivated species: grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action Grain filling rate GFR Filling rate Dry mass accumulated per panicle per unit of time Spikelet leaf angle scale Wild species: assess the texture of the main panicle axis by rubbing fingers from the base towards the tip and assess the smoothness Panicle axis texture assessment Measure the distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule on the penultimate leaf of five plants, and calculate the average Average ligule length Culm Ratio of aerenchyma and pith area to culm area Total porosity Culm total porosity CulmTP Average - Pooled oven dry weight Pool representative flag leaves and leaves below the flag leaf and oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom sowing Calculate the number of days between sowing and initial flowering dates CO2 Concentration Leaf Sub-stomatal cavity carbon dioxide concentration CI Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration Purplish markings, if any, on nodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin Culm node anthocyanin Culm node CulmNodAnth Anthocyanin content Coleoptile Coleoptile anthocyanin ColeoAnth Purple pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the coleoptile Anthocyanin content Count all tillers arising from representative plants and compute the average Average - Tiller number per plant Calculate the number of days between sowing and physiological maturity (i.e. when the grain is hard and ready for harvest) Calculation - Days to physiological maturity from sowing rice whorl maggot damage scale Take subsample of half-filled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain Average - half-filled spikelet weight Culm strength estimation - RD Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground Total number of spikelets per unit area Spikelet Spikelets density SpD Number per area basal leaf sheath anthocyanin scale Total number of spikelets per panicle SpPan Spikelet Number per panicle Spikelets per panicle bacterial blight race 2 damage scale field case worm damage scale Calculation - Spikelets per hill Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of hills per m2 MRR Dehulled grain after milling and polishing Proportion of milled and polished (processed) rice obtained from rough rice (grain with hull) Milled rice rate Proportion Pubescence LigPub Presence and distribution of hairs on ligules Ligule pubescence Ligule gall midge injury scale greenhouse Filled spikelet Number of spikelets with filled grains per unit area FSD Filled spikelet density Number per area gram Collect 5-10 blooming florets of a male sterile line from different plants and measure the average angle of the opening between glumes (viz., lemma and palea) Glume opening angle sterile lemma length scale Polish a sample of rice and quantify chalkiness automatically using a duly calibrated Cervitec instrument Chalkiness Cervitec assessment gall midge injury scale field Number of primary branches on the basal whorl of the panicle Panicle basal branch number PanN Panicle basal branch Number centimeter parts per million ? No info in SES on how to identify the group Male sterility group assignment The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis. Germination Seed germination SdGerm Seed Root Total volume of root system Volume Root volume RtV degrees Angle Leaf angle LfAng Position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base Leaf Estimate the severity of damage caused by thrips Thrips damage assessment number of tillers 10 days after soaking rain or watering ends a period of drought, estimate the % of plants that recover. Indicate the degree of drought stress before watering Drought recovery estimation TilD Tiller density Number per area Tiller Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per unit area sterile lemma color scale cult Ufra Ufra The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by the stem nematode Ditylenchus angustus. Symptoms: leaf mottling or chlorotic discoloration in a splash pattern at base of young leaves in stem elongation or mid-tillering stage, brown stains may develop on leaves and sheaths which later intensify to a dark brown color, distortion (twisting and withering) of young leaves, distortion of panicles which either remain enclosed within a swollen sheath, or partially emerge but are twisted and with unfilled grains, or emerge completely but with unfilled grains and resembling a whitehead. Incidence UfraDam Rate of water loss from the leaf Transpiration rate Leaf Transpiration rate Tr The type and severity of leaf scald symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Monographella albescens (Microdochium oryzae). Symptoms: lesions occur mostly near leaf tips, but sometimes start at the margin of the blade and develop into large ellipsoid areas encircled by dark-brown, narrow bands accompanied by a light-brown halo Damage Leaf scald damage LfScald Leaf scald Calculation - Unfilled spikelet percentage Take the number of unfilled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100 percent % Spikelets per panicle Calculation - Stem diameter Take the average of major and minor stem diameters of the second elongated internode from the base millimeter Stigma exsertion calculation Count the number of florets that have completed anthesis on a given day and the number of those florets that have exserted stigma on one or both sides of the floret. Calculate the proportion of florets with exserted stigma Calculation - Flag leaf area Calculate as length times the width of the uppermost leaf on the main culm, multiplied by a constant (0.725) Basal leaf sheath color Colour of the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Basal leaf sheath BLSCol Colour ligule pubescence scale 1 Length Leaf Leaf length Length of penultimate leaf blade LfLng kg per ha No of chromosomes day View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the diameter of the air space in the culm Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma diameter Awn color Awn Colour AwCol Colour of the awns, if present drought scale leaf drying mm Culm number measurement per plant Count the total number of grain-bearing and non-bearing tillers on five plants and calculate the average leaffolder injury scale greenhouse Stem Total stem materials content Materials content StTWT Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content of stem FSmut Incidence False smut The type and severity of false smut symptoms caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. Symptoms: Infected grains are transformed into yellow-greenish or greenish-black velvety-looking spore balls. False smut Spikelets per panicle Calculation - Filled spikelet per square meter Calculate from the filled grain weight and number of filled grains on an area basis alkali digestion scale Shape of the ligule LigShp Ligule shape Ligule Shape Manual measurement - Leaf surface temperature in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf temperature with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) spikelet fertility scale SES Panicles per plant Calculate the number of days between the heading date and the date of exsertion of the last spikelet Calculation - Days to panicle exsertion culm node anthocyanin intensity scale Culm wall area Area of the culm wall Area CwallA Culm wall day mm Culm node underlying colour examination If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. cm outcrossing scale Dehull and mill (polish) a sample of grains (paddy). Weigh the whole sample of polished rice, including both whole and broken kernels. Measure the length of 10 randomly selected whole kernels and compute the average. Head rice are all the kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels. Separate and weigh the head rice, and calculate the proportion of head rice out of the total weight of polished rice Head rice proportion Pubescence Leaf margin Leaf margin pubescence LfMargPub Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the leaf margin Stem borer whitehead damage assessment Near grain maturity, observe the proportion of panicles that have whiteheads. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 10% of panicles with whiteheads Sterile spikelet SpkSter Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain unfilled grains Proportion Spikelet sterility mm basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence scale Analytical measurement - Sucrose content Predict sucrose content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Exsertion Stigma StgExers Stigma exsertion Describes the tendency of stigmas to be exserted on one or both sides of the florets Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis Calculation - Spikelets half-filled weight on area basis pericarp colour IRRI scale grams per square meter mg g-1 dry matter The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 1 virus (RGSV1). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with small rusty spots RGSV1Sev Severity Grassy stunt 1 Grassy stunt 1 disease Panicles per m2 Mature lemma and palea ornamentation Visually determinate the colour ornamentation of (i.e. colours present only on parts of) the lemma and palea at maturity Number of panicles per plant Panicle PanNo Panicle number per plant Number per plant View cross-sectioned sample of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the thickness of the wall of the cross-sectioned culm Image analysis - Culm wall thickness DFlwT Time elapsed from date of transplanting to flowering stage Time to flowering (from transplanting) Spikelet Time to flowering from transplanting Average grain width Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains cm2 g-1 Culm porosity Ratio of pith area to culm area Culm CulmP Porosity Ligule margin shape determination Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice Examine the colour of the awns after anthesis against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Awn color examination immature LemaShp Shape Shape of the sterile lemmas Sterile lemma Sterile lemma shape square centimeter Estimate the penultimate leaf blade for distribution of any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade. Leaf blade anthocyanin distribution Calculation - Stomatal resistance Take inverse of stomatal conductance Panicle axis texture scale Culm internode underlying colour examination If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Calculation - Culm wall area Calculate culm area minus the pith area grassy stunt 1 disease scale Mature apiculus anthocyanin examination Examine the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Straw dry matter weight (ie aboveground dry matter without the grains) per area Straw StDM Straw yield Yield Intensity of greenness on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade, if visible under any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin LfBladGreen Leaf blade greenness Leaf blade Greeness No scale name found panicle threshability scale RD Rice delphacid Rice delphacid Damage The extent of damage caused by rice delphacid (Sogatodes oryzicola (Tagosodes orizicolus)). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. RDelphDam drought recovery scale Estimate the type and severity of symptoms on secondary growth after cutting at the base Yellow dwarf disease assessment Calculate as the ratio of head rice weight (kernel longer than or equal to 3/4 full length of a kernel) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Calculation - Head milled rice rate Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters measured by image analysis Calculation - Culm diameter from image analysis Calculation - Grain filling rate About 2 weeks after flowering, measure grain weight twice at a week interval. Then, compute the grain filling rate by dividing the difference in weight by the time interval. Eg grain weight at 21 days after flowering minus grain weight at 15 days after flowering divided by six days Total number of productive tillers arising from the base of each plant Reproductive tiller Number per plant Productive tiller number per plant TilProd Observe growth in a growing medium with a deficiency of zinc Zinc deficiency injury assessment SMTwp Capcaity of the plant to extract water from the soil Water extraction capacity Plant Water extraction capacity Average flag leaf width Measure width at the widest portion of the flag leaf on five representative plants. Calculate average immature lemma and palea colour scale square centimeter Culm length Length CulmLng Culm Length of the main culm (stem), defined as the distance from the soil surface to the base of the panicle ligule shape scale cult SES Examine the colour of the outside of the basal leaf sheath against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Basal leaf sheath color examination 1 panicle length UPOV scale Manual measurement - Gas exchange stomatal conductance in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure stomatal conductance with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) SeedlHt Height of seedlings, measured from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade Seedling height Seedling Height whitebacked planthopper injury scale greenhouse mm cm Pan2ndBr The abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle Pattern Secondary panicle branching Spikelet on secondary branch of panicle Grain width Spikelet Width of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point GrWdt Width Cultivated species: measure the length of the longest awn Longest awn length Dry weight FLDw Flag leaf Flag leaf dry weight Dry weight of the uppermost leaf on the main culm Average - Productive tiller number per plant Count all productive tillers in representative plants and take the average Leaf ORAC Oxygen radical absorbance capacity Antioxydant activity Antioxidant activity of leaf extracts culm internode anthocyanin presence scale ppm Area Flag leaf FLA Area of the uppermost leaf on the main culm Flag leaf area Calculation - Soil moisture content at wilting point Calculate as the ratio of soil oven-dried weight to soil fresh weight at wilting point. Collect florets and fix in 3:1 Acetic acid:alcohol solution. Squeeze out pollen grains under a drop of acetocarmine stain, observe under a microscope at 10x10 magnification, and estimate the predominant staining behavior and number of nuclei visible Abortion pattern estimation The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Panicle blast damage PBDam Damage Panicle blast Gall midge injury assessment greenhouse In a greenhouse test, observe the proportion of plants with silver shoots. For the greenhouse test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should show silver shoots Width of penultimate leaf blade Width Leaf width Leaf LfWdt % 1000 grain weight scale % square millimeter Oven dry straw at 70?C to constant weight and express in a per unit area basis Calculation - Straw yield millimeter percent Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers after full heading Number Culm number CulmNo Culm g per 1000 spikelets Rhizome formation observation Wild species: observe the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers around the base of a potted plant when it is ready for harvest Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a greenhouse test Bacterial blight damage estimation greenhouse Take a milled rice NIR spectrum and predict the amylose content using chemiometrics. Amylose content - NIRS % stigma color scale 1 Caryopsis length:width ratio SES Compute the length/width ratio Culm node anthocyanin presence Estimate the presence/absence of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm. Bacterial leaf streak damage estimation Estimate the type and severity of damage to leaves Calculation - Spikelets per square meter Calculate as the sum of filled, half-filled and unfilled spikelets per area Anthocyanin content BApAnth Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the area just below the apiculus of the lemma Lemma below apiculus Anthocyanin below apiculus Estimate the relative lesion height, as the average height above the soil of the uppermost lesion on a leaf blade or leaf sheath expressed as a percentage of the average plant height. Sheath blight relative height estimation mg g-1 dry matter LfSen Leaf senescence Leaf Senescence Describes how soon leaves senesce Time of 50% heading estimation Estimate the earliness of the heading in plots, defining time of heading as the date when 50% of plants have panicles halfway emerged millimeter Consistency Describes the consistency of a rice gel formed by grinding, chemically treating, boiling, and cooling a sample of grains. This measures the tendency of cooked rice to harden on cooling, a function of carbohydrate composition GelC Gel Gel consistency Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average Average - Oven dry weight cm2 g-1 g per 1000 spikelets stem elongation scale CaryoLng The length of the caryopsis, ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling (decorticating) the grain and before milling, commonly known as brown rice Caryopsis Length Caryopsis length Panicle distance to basal branch Distance PanBasBrDist Distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch Panicle/basal branch millimeter leaf blade pubescence scale UPOV cm Estimate the orientation of primary branches on representative panicles by comparing them with a diagram of the categories or with photographs of the reference variety for each category Panicle type assessment millimeter leaf blast damage type scale Calculation - Culm diameter Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters Ligule color estimation - wild Wild species: estimate visually the colour of ligules at anthesis. mm Spikelet Time to initial flowering (from sowing) Time elapsed from date of sowing to initial flowering stage DiFlwS Time to initial flowering from sowing AnCo Anther colour Anther Colour Colour of anther Weigh a random sample of 1000 well-developed, whole grains dried to 14% moisture content 1000 grain (14%MC)weight measurement Calculation - Degree of culm deformation Calculate the ratio of the difference between the major and minor culm diameters to the average culm diameter of the second internode from the base as measured via image analysis kilogram per hectare g Observe the damages on plants caused by whitebacked planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment field bacterial blight damage scale greenhouse Leaf Temperature Leaf surface temperature LfT Leaf temperature Correct the oven-dried grain yield to 14% moisture content Calculation -grain yield correction to 14% moisture content alkali injury scale Immature apiculus anthocyanin examination Examine the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of immature lemmas Calculate from the unfilled spikelet density and the panicles density Calculation - Unfilled spikelet per panicle mature lemma and palea ornamentation scale UPOV Fertility SpkFer The proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains Spikelet fertility Spikelet Anther length measurement Measure five anthers exposed at anthesis and calculate their average Bag two primary panicles of at least 50 plants with glassine bags before their anthesis begins to prevent cross pollination. At maturity, count the filled (fertile) and unfilled (sterile) spikelets of the bagged panicles, calculate the proportion that are sterile Spikelet sterility calculation Count number of green leaves on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average number Average - Green leaf number mature lemma and palea color scale SES flowering cold injury scale millimeter Sensed aroma cooked Cook freshly harvested grains and smell the aroma culm diameter scale wild Average - Filled spikelet number per panicle Count the number of filled spikelets per panicle. Repeat the measurement on other representative panicles. Take the average number of filled spikelets per panicle. Number of panicles per plant count Count the average number of panicles per plant. Length of sterile lemmas StrLmLng Length Sterile lemma Sterile lemma length Distance from soil surface to top of canopy CanH Canopy Canopy height Height gel consistency scale Culm strength scale SES Caryopsis length/width ratio scale SES Observe the percentage of the panicle that is inside the flag leaf sheath Panicle exsertion male sterile estimation Calculation - Half-filled spikelets per square meter Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis Colour of internodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings CulmINodUnderCol Underlying colour Culm internode underlying colour Culm internode awn length scale wild millimeter Case worm damage assessment Estimate the % of leaf area that have been scraped by case worms day Measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point Grain width UPOV estimation immature apiculus anthocyanin scale The extent of damage caused by thrips (Stenchaetothrips biformis) ThripDam Damage Thrip Thrip damage square millimeter Dry aboveground plant parts, excluding panicles. Weigh and take the average weight per plant Average - Straw yield Brown planthopper biotype 1 injury assessment Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 1 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings leaf length scale leaffolder single leaf injury scale Root length Length Root RtL Total root length Maturity Plant TMat Time elapsed from effective seeding date to grain ripening defined as when 80-85% of grains on panicle are mature (growth stage 9) Time to maturity Estimate by observing all leaves below the flag leaf for their retention of greenness when the grains are ready for harvesting Leaf senescence harvest estimation Examine the colour of the awns after harvest against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Awn color examination mature UPOV / IRRI The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high (toxic) iron content in the growing medium IronInj Iron toxicity injury Iron toxicity Injury Bakanae disease incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected Tillers per m2 mg g-1 dry matter FL1L Flag leaf-1 Length Length of leaf below the flag leaf Flag leaf-1 length Vapourise the main component of aroma in rice (2AP: 2-acetyl-1pyrroline)) by adding 10 ml of a 1.7% solution of KOH to 2 g of freshly harvested decorticated grains. Smell the aroma after ten minutes Sensed aroma uncooked LfFolderDam Leaffolder damage Leaffolder The extent of leaf damage caused by leaffolder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis or Marasmia patnalis). Symptoms: Larvae consume the leaf tissue except the epidermis, causing typical white streaks. They create a leaf tube during later stages of feeding Damage Flag leaf Ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight Specific area Flag leaf specific area FLSla % percent mg g-1 dry matter apiculus color SES scale Spikelets per panicle Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root diameter based on image Winrhyzo analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length. Image analysis - Root diameter using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Keel anthocyanin immature scale auricle anthocyanin presence scale Average grain length Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea. In the case of awned varieties, measure to a point comparable to the tip of the apiculus, i.e. excluding the awn. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains Total dry matter per plant Weight per plant Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per plant TDMplt Aboveground dry matter Brown rice protein content Use standard laboratory procedure to measure the protein content of brown rice grains at 14% moisture content Wild species: 7 days after anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Flag leaf angle estimation wild rice delphacid injury scale field immature apiculus color UPOV scale Step 1 (pollen fertility: see pollen sterility score): Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the percentage that are fertile, and score. Step 2 (spikelet fertility): count the number of filled grains andtotal spikelets per panicle and convert into percentage fertile. Score the combination of pollen fertility with spikelet fertility Fertility restoration evaluation percent Calculation - Culm porosity Calculate the ratio of pith area to culm area Leaf blast damage amount Estimate the percentage of leaf area affected by leaf blast Stem StLIG Total lignin content in the stem Stem total lignin content Lignin content Examine the shape (pointed, curved) of the apiculus Apiculus shape examination Observe the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the collars Collar anthocyanin presence PlntHt Plant Height Plant height Plant height defined as distance from the soil surface to the highest point of the plant (panicle or flag leaf) excluding awns Panicle axis Texture Texture of the main axis of the panicle PanAxText Panicle axis texture Udbatta disease incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected Anthocyanin content Culm internode anthocyanin Culm internode CulmINodAnth Purplish markings, if any, on internodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin kneeing ability presence scale Spikelet Half-filled spikelet weight per area HFSpY Dry weight of half-filled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis Weight per area degrees C Caryopsis width measurement Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the width of ten caryopses at their widest point at right angles to its length and calculate their average 100 grain weight measurement Cultivated species: take a random sample of 100 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance Polish a sample of rice and evaluate a representative sample visually. Estimate the proportion of the kernel area that appears chalky white, particularly with respect to the belly, the center, and the back. Chalkiness visual assessment glume opening scale Keel anthocyanin mature scale Major diameter 2nd elongated culm internode Culm major diameter - 2nd internode Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath CDMaj Average - Panicle dry weight per plant Oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and weigh the panicles of representative plants and take the average Leaf scald damage estimation Estimate the proportion and distribution of leaf area diseased leaf folder injury scale field Collar color Observe the colour of the leaf collar against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references culm angle SES scale Brown planthopper biotype 3 injury assessment Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 3 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Image analysis - Minor pith diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the narrower portion of the culm pith Rice whorl maggot damage assessment Observe the severity of damage caused by rice whorl maggot millimeter cm2 cm-2 Grassy stunt 2 The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 2 virus (RGSV2). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, yellow to orange and narrow leaves with small rusty spots Grassy stunt 2 disease RGSV2Sev Severity ligule color scale cult leaf blade pubescence scale IRRI cult Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of immature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Anthocyanin below apiculus examination immature Rice tungro RTungroSev Rice tungro disease Severity The type and severity of tungro symptoms caused by the Rice tungro virus bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). Symptoms: yellow to yellow orange leaves, stunting and slightly reduced tillering Strength Culm strength Culm The stiffness of the culm and its resilience to being bent over CulmStr Stigma color Color of stigma Stigma StgmCol Colour millimeter Estimate the proportion of young plants with leaves showing symptoms Hoja blanca vegetative disease estimation Sterile lemma shape Examine the shape of sterile lemmas Greenhouse screening: divide the % of plants that survive submergence by the survival of the tolerant control variety e.g. FR13A, and express as a percentage Submergence relative survival assessment Outcrossing calculation Grow the male sterile line in the field, ensuring an abundant supply of pollen from other plants while it is flowering. Calculate the proportion of seed set on the out-pollinated primary panicles grain width UPOV scale vegetative cold injury scale grain discoloration incidence scale Damage Rice whorl maggot Rice whorl maggot damage The extent of plant damage caused by rice whorl maggot (Hydrellia philippina). Symptoms: maggots eat the leaf margins causing conspicuous injury and sometimes stunting of plants RWhorlMaggDam Caryopsis length UPOV scale Half-filled spikelet HFSpPan Half-filled spikelets per panicle Number per panicle Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per panicle Calculate the number of days between transplanting and initial flowering dates Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom transplanting The type and severity of kernel smut symptoms caused by Tilletia barclayana causing kernel smut. KSmut Kernel smut Kernel smut Incidence Sheath rot incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that are diseased At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart caused by Scirpophaga incertulas. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart Yellow stem borer deadheart damage assessment BBDam Damage The type and severity of bacterial blight symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Symptoms: lesions usually start near the leaf tip or leaf margins or both, and extend down the outer edge(s). Young lesions are pale green to grayish green, later turning yellow to gray (dead) with time. In very susceptible varieties, lesions may extend to the entire leaf length into the leaf sheath Bacterial blight Bacterial blight damage Calculate as the product of percentage of grain with chalkiness and chalkiness size (area of chalkiness divided by the area of the whole grain). The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing). Calculation - Degree of endosperm chalkiness Unfilled spikelets density Unfilled spikelet Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per unit area USpD Number per area Visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering Ligule color estimation No scale name found Weight The weight of a whole grain including the hull GrnWt Grain weight Spikelet Calculation - Leaf sheath thickness Take the difference between the stem diameter and culm diameter and divide this by 2 Average - Total leaf number Count number of fully expanded leaves that appeared on representatiove plants from germination to flowering. Take the average number Count the number of panicles on representative plants and compute the average Average - Panicles per plant Calculation - Brown rice rate Calculate as the ratio of brown rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls removed) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Porosity ratio Leaf folder injury assessment field Use an augmented experimental design, with a susceptible and resistant check (if available) after every 10 test entries. Replicate test entries three times if seed is available. Observe the proportion of plants with injured and folded leaves. The susceptible check should average at least 40% to accept the test as a measure of resistance Observe growth in soil with toxic concentrations of iron Iron injury assessment brown planthopper biotype 3 injury scale Caryopsis shape scale UPOV grams per square meter Phosphorus deficiency damage Damage Phosphorus deficiency The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of phosphorus in the growing medium PDef count Culm internode anthocyanin examination Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Specific porosity ratio Lodging incidence scale gram Awn presence on wild species Wild species: while the spikelets are maturing, observe the presence of awns whitebacked planthopper injury scale field seedling cold injury scale FerTil Proportion of reproductive tillers Tiller fertility Fertile tiller Proportion Ability of a plant to grow and develop normally under cold conditions. Key periods of sensitivity are during seedling growth, tillering, and flowering Cold ColdSens Sensitivity Cold tolerance Calculation - Total stem material Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content from PLS-FTIR analysis Colour Sterile lemma StrLmCol Colour of the sterile lemmas Sterile lemma color SDMin Stem minor diameter - 2nd internode 2nd elongated stem internode Minor diameter Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath Calculate from the number of half-filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 Calculation - Half-filled spikelet per panicle Leaffolder single leaf injury assessment In a greenhouse test, observe the early injury from leaffolder to each leaf on young plants Average awn length Calculate the average length of the awns on 10 randomly selected spikelets Ligule shape determination - cultivated Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice flag leaf angle scale cult late Salt Injury Salt injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in soils or other growth medium with high salt content SaltInj Caryopsis width scale ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) Measure the height of 10 seedlings from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade, and calculate the average Average seedling height Caryopsis length SES scale % phosphorus deficiency tillering field scale panicle length scale Measure the length of main axis of the mature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average Average panicle length - mature lemma phenol reaction scale Calculation - Spikelets per panicle Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 (= SPM2/PANM2) Severity Panicle blast PBSev Panicle blast severity The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains degree Celsius Flag leaf angle estimation cult late Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Alkali injury assessment Observe growth in alkaline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores. Spikelets per panicle lemma and palea pubescence scale UPOV Average - Canopy height Measure distance from soil surface to top level of the canopy of representative plants and take the average Calculation - Flag leaf -1 area Calculate as length times the width of the leaf below the flag leaf, multiplied by a constant (0.725) Wild species: using a calliper or photo-enlarger, measure the average of 10 representative grains Average grain thickness Rice tungro disease estimation Estimate the stunting and discoloration Brown rice rate Proportion of brown rice (dehulled grains) obtained from rough rice (hulled grain) Dehulled grain after milling Proportion BRR Describes the aroma of rice grains Scent Scent Caryopsis Sct Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected False smut incidence estimation Panicle shattering PanSh Panicle Shattering Describes the tendency of grains to fall off the panicle before it is threshed Take the total dry weight of straw, rachis, and grain (filled and unfilled) and express on a per unit area Calculation - Total dry matter Brown planthopper damage Brown planthopper BPHDam Damage The extent of damage caused by brown planthopper (Nilparvata lugens). Symptoms: Partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy Root diameter Diameter Root RtD Diameter of a cross-section of the root Examine the colour of the auricles against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Auricle color examination Pericarp Colour Pericarp colour Colour of the pericarp PericCol Average panicle distance to basal branch Measure the distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch on five representative panicles and calculate their average ligule shape scale wild Grain Discoloration by fungal diseases Grain discoloration GrDiscol The extent of discoloration of glumes caused by species of Sarocladium, Bipolaris, Alternaria, Gerlachia, Fusarium, Phoma, Curcularia, Trichoconiella, and Pseudomonas. Symptoms: Darkening of glumes of spikelets, brown color to black including rotten glumes. Intensity ranges from sporadic discoloration to discoloration of the whole glume Awn distribution observation Observe the distribution of awned spikelets along a panicle yellow mottle disease scale ragged stunt disease scale Aerenchyma Take ratio of grain length to grain width Calculation - Grain length to width ratio Calculation - Filled spikelet percentage Take the number of filled spikelets and divide by the total number of spikelets per panicle, multiply by 100 cm/cm Measure the average length of the sterile lemmas of five spikelets. If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet differ in length, measure only the shorter one. Average sterile lemma length - shorter Days No scale name found bird damage incidence scale panicle blast incidence scale cm Amylose content AmyCt amylose content Amylose content of milled rice as a proportion or percentage of the total amount of rice Milled caryopsis stem rot incidence scale Predict protein content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Protein content Spikelets per panicle Measure weight of filled grains from primary and secondary panicles harvested on one plant. Repeat measurement on representative plants. Take the average Average - Grain yield per plant coleoptile anthocyanin scale Zinc content - XRF fluorescence analyser Use standard laboratory procedure (XRF- Fluorescence Analyzer) to determine the zinc content in a sample of polished grain. The recommended sample size is 10g. degree Celsius rice delphacid injury scale greenhouse GallMidgeDam The extent of plant damage caused by gall midge (Orseolia oryzae). Symptoms: light-colored tubular galls resembling an onion leaf on the youngest leaf of the shoot in a tiller. Damage Gall midge Gall midge damage Calculation -Total structural materials Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content from PLS-FTIR analysis Auricle Anthocyanin content AurShp Auricle anthocyanin Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles mm Tillers per plant awn color scale anthesis UPOV male sterility scale Underlying colour Culm node underlying colour CulmNodUndCol Culm node Colour of nodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis Calculation - Unfilled spikelets per square meter Calculate from total number of panicles per hill and the area of the hills sampled Calculation - Number of panicles per square meter Spikelets per hill g per plot leaf blade anthocyanin distribution scale phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse scale zinc deficiency injury scale % Observe plant growth and rate level of drought symptoms Estimation - overall drought symptoms gram per plant maturity scale UPOV CulmA Area Cross-sectional area of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath Culm Culm area Observe the abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle, and by referring to a diagram of standards Secondary panicle branching observation Stem extractives content Extractives content Stem StEXT Total stem extractives content in the stem Manual measurement - Gas exchange leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Average culm diameter Compute the average diameter of the basal portion of the main culm on three representative plants Flag leaf FlgLfAng Angle The angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis Flag leaf angle millimeter Leaf margin pubescence Wild species: assess the presence/absence of hairs on the leaf margin Image analysis - Root length using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root length based on WinRHIZO image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method to calculate total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size. day Calculation - Tiller number per unit area Calculate from total number of tillers per hill and the area of the hills sampled vegetative vigor scale method_of Estimate the % leaf area diseased Brown spot damage estimation Panicles per plant Calculate the number of days between sowing and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Calculation - Days to 50% flowering from sowing millimeter Take the ratio of the pooled flag leaf area and the pooled flag leaf oven dry weight Calculation - Specific leaf area of pooled flag leaf Take flag leaf and measure temperature near leaf surface with an infrared gun Manual measurement - Flag leaf temperature percent Length of awns AwLng Awn length Length Awn percent mature lemma and palea color scale UPOV Cultivated species: visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering. Ligule color estimation - cultivated Leaf blast damage estimation Assess the type of lesion and the proportion of leaf area affected by leaf blast. Entries with scores 4-9 may also have lesions of scale 1 or 2. In cases where the lesion develops only on the collar, joint of the leaf sheath and the leaf blade, causing the leaf blade to drop off, a scale unit of 4 is to be given. pericarp colour UPOV scale kneeing ability scale SES centimeter Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Anthocyanin below apiculus examination mature leaf blade greenness scale Take ratio of grain yield to total dry matter per area Calculation - Harvest index No scale name found Spikelets per panicle Calculation - Nonstructural carbohydrate content Take sum of sucrose content and starch content from PLS-FTIR analysis mg g-1 dry matter cubic centimeter Plant height measurement Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of the plant Observe the damage to panicles Panicle blast damage estimation apiculus shape scale Time of 50% heading scale RaggedStuntSev Ragged stunt disease Ragged stunt The type and severity of ragged stunt symptoms caused by rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV). Symptoms: plants are stunted but remain dark green. Leaves are ragged and twisted. Vein swelling on leaf collar, leaf blades and leaf sheaths Severity grassy stunt 2 disease scale panicle axis scale UPOV Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 1 Bacterial blight race 1 damage estimation field Examine the colour of the keel of immature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Keel anthocyanin immature examination Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damages on seedlings Assess the vigor of plants in early vegetative stage Vegetative vigor Averaged Manual measurement - Unfilled spikelet number per panicle Count the number of unfilled spikelets per panicle of representative panicles and then take the average brown planthopper injury scale field Stomatal resistance Inverse of stomatal conductance Rs Stomata Water vapor resistance secondary panicle branching scale brown planthopper biotype 1 injury scale NRGQASC - Grain thickness Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) Peak temperature Gradually heat a sample of milled rice using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), which measures the energy expended to raise the temperature of starch crystals as they gelatinize and melt. The temperature at which energy expenditure is maximum (peak temperature) provides a precise measure of gelatinization temperature. Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Green leafhopper injury assessment greenhouse mature lemma and palea color scale IRRI anther colour scale Take leaf sap from youngest fully expanded leaves, trolox equivalent of samples obtained by regression equation with trolox standard Manual measurement - ORAC assay Average flag leaf length Measure length of the flag leaf, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per unit area HSpD Half-filled spikelet densty Half-filled spikelet Number drought grade 1-5 abortion pattern scale Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) NRGQASC - Grain length gram Average - Tiller number per hill Count all tillers of representative hills and take the average per hill Endosperm type scale millimeter flag leaf angle scale cult early Calculate as the ratio of milled rice weight to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Calculation - Milled rice rate ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) Panicle shattering estimation Observe the extent to which grains have shattered from the panicle before being threshed Take yield expressed on an area basis and multiply with plot size Calculation - Grain yield per plot centimeter Analytical measurement - Starch content Predict starch content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Predict cell wall carbohydrate composition using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Cell wall carbohydrate composition Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis Calculation - Spikelets unfilled weight on area basis length to width ratio Leaf blade pubescence Cultivated species: assess the hairiness of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards Calculation - Total aerenchyma area Take the average stem aerenchyma area and multiply by the stem aerenchyma number mg g-1 dry matter Average - Minor culm diameter Remove leaf sheath and measure narrower width of the second elongated internode from the base and take the average bacterial blight race 1 damage scale field An indirect indicator of approximate gelatinization temperature. Incubate six milled rice grains (kernels) for 23h in 10ml of 1.7% KOH. Score individual kernels, without averaging Alkali digestion estimation centimeter Calculation - Pith diameter Calculate the average of major and minor pith diameters of the second internode from the base Predict total stem extractives content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra Analytical measurement - Total stem extractives content g per 1000 spikelets culm node anthocyanin scale Bakanae disease BakInc Bakanae disease In of bakanae disease symptoms caused by Gibberella fujikuroi. Symptoms: the plant elongates abnormally, has few tillers, and usually dies before producing grains Incidence Leaf blade pubescence estimation wild Wild species: assess the hairiness and the location of hairs on the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards. grams per day awn color scale mature UPOV Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh. Weighing - filled grain weight gram per plant Calculation - Filled spikelet per panicle Calculate from the number of filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 Grain length score Stem borer deadheart damage assessment At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart leaf blade anthocyanin presence scale StASH Ash content in the stem Ash content Stem Stem ash content Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per panicle Unfilled spikelet Unfilled spikelets per panicle USpPan Number Cervitec reading mm Observe the presence or absence of awns on maturing spikelets Awn presence Flag leaf-1 specific leaf area Ratio of area to dry weight of the leaf below the flag leaf Specific area Flag leaf-1 FL1Sla panicle exsertion male sterile scale mg g-1 dry matter Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the stigmata when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare the colour against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Stigma color examination Measure width at the widest portion of the leaf below the flag leaf on the main culm. Repeat measurement on representative leaf and take the average width. Average - Flag leaf width Estimate the type and severity of symptoms Ragged stunt disease estimation Stem Sucrose content StSUC Sucrose content in the stem Stem sucrose content stem borer deadheart damage scale stem borer deepwater damage scale Code Rice delphacid injury assessment field Observe the damages on plants caused by rice delphacid. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage centimeter awn length scale cult FlwDate Flowering date Date of flowering Plant flowering date % leaf area affected GrElong Elongation The extend to which grains elongate during cooking. High elongation is typical of basmati types of rice Grain Grain elongation Hoja blanca reproductive disease estimation Estimate the proportion of plants with panicles showing symptoms grams per square meter Culm strength scale RD Rice bug The extent of plant damage caused by rice bug (Leptocorisa oratorisa). Damage Rice bug damage RBugDam gram per plant Branches per panicle millimeter No scale name found gram Leaf blade LfBladPub Leaf blade pubescence Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade Pubescence Panicle type Panicle type, defined by the orientation of primary branches PanTyp Type Panicle Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure transpiration rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Gas exchange transpiration rate in SITIS platform GrThk Thickness Spikelet Grain thickness Thickness of grain with hull Leaf blade anthocyanin Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade Anthocyanin content LfBladAnth Leaf blade count Lemma and palea pubescence Pubescence LmPPub Describes the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemma and palea Lemma and palea seedling vigor scale Panicle exsertion estimation Observe the extent to which panicles are exserted above the flag leaf sheath day Temperature at which the starch in endosperm gelatinizes, one of the key indicators of cooking quality GelTemp Milled caryopsis Gelatinization temperature Gelatinization temperature cm collar anthocyanin presence scale Sterile lemma color examination cult Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. bacterial blight damage scale field millimeter Wild species: take a random sample of 10 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance 10 grain weight measurement rice bug damage scale anthocyanin below apiculus scale immature gram Leaf blade anthocyanin presence Estimate visually the presence or absence of a purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf blade anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade count percent panicle type scale UPOV culm internode anthocyanin scale Stem rot incidence estimation Estimate the propotion of tillers that are infected ShBltInc Relative height The type and severity of sheath blight symptoms caused by Thanethoporus cucumeris (Rhizoctonia solani). Symptoms: ellipsoidal, necrotic grayish-green lesions, which may enlarge and coalesce with other lesions, initially on lower leaf sheaths Sheath blight Sheath blight longer sterile lemma length scale Manual measurement - Gas exchange photosynthetic rate in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure photosynthetic rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Tillering scale Yellow dwarf The type and severity of yellow dwarf symptoms caused by a mycoplasma. Symptoms: pale yellow, droopy leaves, excessive tillering and stunting Severity YellowDwarfSev Yellow dwarf Bacterial leaf streak damage BLS Bacterial leaf streak The type and severity of bacterial leaf streak symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. Symptoms: linear lesions with small bacterial exudates Damage Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected Kernel smut incidence estimation submergence survival scale AurCol Auricle color Auricle Colour Color of the auricle kg per kg Panicles per hill Measure and score the length of the caryopsis Caryopsis length SES cm leaf margin pubescence scale lemma and palea pubescence scale IRRI Observe effects on vigour and leaf colour of plants grown at 17-18 degrees C before flowering Vegetative cold injury Tillers per plant Distribution Awn The proportion and distribution of awned spikelets on a panicle Awn distribution AwDist mg g-1 dry matter cm2 g-1 mature apiculus anthocyanin scale If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet have different lengths, measure the average length of the longer sterile lemma of five spikelets Average sterile lemma length - longer spikelet fertility scale RD seedling height scale Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Sterile lemma color examination wild SPAD unit panicle blast damage scale Calculation - Flag leaf specific leaf area Take the ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight leaf blast damage scale Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration Grassy stunt 2 disease estimation phenotypic acceptability scale bakanae disease incidence scale mm Biomass partionning Harvest index Plant Ratio of grain yield to total aboveground biomass HI Seedling vigor Assess the vigor of seedlings culm diameter scale cult variable_of LigCol Colour Color of the ligule Ligule color Ligule cm culm node anthocyanin presence scale sterile lemma color scale wild Manual measurement - SPAD meter reading Take flag leaf of randomly selected plants and do multiple SPAD readings from tip to base of the leaf. ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) Tillers per hill gram Diameter of the narrower portion of pith Diameter PDMin Pith minor diameter Pith culm node underlying colour scale Estimate the average number of panicles per plant. Number of panicles per plant estimation sensed aroma uncooked scale degree Celsius culm angle UPOV scale Flowering heat injury Estimate the % spikelet fertility of plants exposed to high temperature during ... ? Flowering? Ripening? green leafhopper injury scale field ligule margin shape scale Cultivated species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of three representative plants Average culm diameter - cultivated species panicle shattering scale Calculation - Days to flowering from transplanting Calculate the number of days between transplanting and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration Grassy stunt 1 disease estimation Predict lignin content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Lignin content submergence relative survival scale scale_of culm length scale millimolar trolox equivalent chalkiness 0-9 scale cm mm g per 100 spikelets Brown planthopper injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of brown planthoppers and observe the damage on the seedlings Phosphorus deficiency tillering field In a field test, grow each line under two conditions: without P fertilizer (low P) and with 25kg P/ha fertilizer (standard P). Estimate the number of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P % thrips damage scale leaf blade pubescence scale wild grams per square meter ligule shape scale cult RD Observe the intensity of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm. Culm node anthocyanin intensity