THfGW Julie Pasuquin IRRI HfGW_Av_g1000gr One-fourth to 1/2 of all leaves dried 5 Extra long more than 7.5 mm 1 5 Intermediate ~45 cm 9 More than 75% of leaf area affected UFSpY_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI LIGULE_COLOR Jeffrey Detras LigCol_Est_0to3 IRRI IRRI RICE_DELPHACID RDelphDam_EstFld_0to9 Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin IRRI AerN_IA_Aer 4 LfFolderDam_EstFld_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LEAFFOLDER 4 070 Red ORAC_MM_trol Julie Pasuquin IRRI 1 Severely stressed Upper half only 3 IRRI CaryoLng_MeasSES_1to7 Jeffrey Detras 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 5 Highly fertile >90% 7 thick 7 Descending 1 Very slight damage 7 11-30% height reduction, 3-4leaves ragged/twisted, more vein swelling on leaf collar and some on leafblades and leaf sheaths 3 Small roundish to slightly elongated necrotic sporulating spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter with a distinct brown margin or yellow halo 5 Strong rhizomes and no tubers 4 1 Slight tip drying RGSV1 IRRI RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras LfFolderDam_EstSingleLead_0to3 IRRI LEAFFOLDER 5 Growth and tillering severely retarded, about half of all leaves brown or yellow IRRI LmPPub_Est_UPOV1to9 Jeffrey Detras LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE TFlwT_CM_d Julie Pasuquin IRRI Short 3 3 084 BPHDam_GH2_0to9 IRRI BPH Jeffrey Detras NUMBER_OF_PANICLES IRRI Jeffrey Detras PanNo_Count_PanPlnt PNO Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves discolored or dead 7 medium 5 Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead 5 Julie Pasuquin IRRI Tr_LCPro_mmol Leaves orange yellow or orange, plants severely stunted, sometimes dead, flowering very much delayed 9 Long 7 5 080 Purple 2 020 0-49% 9 Short <30 cm 3 LigCol_WildEst_0to5 IRRI LIGULE_COLOR Jeffrey Detras 5 Medium 0 No injury IRRI Jeffrey Detras BB BBDam_EstFld1_1to9 IRRI GRL GrLng_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH IRRI StrLmLng_AvShort_1to9 Jeffrey Detras 0 Absent 3 Long 6.6 to 7.5 mm Jeffrey Detras ColeoAnth_Est_1to5 IRRI 7 26-50% Open ?60? 5 070 3 7 Leaves yellow or orange yellow, plants moderately stunted, floweringvery much delayed PithA_IA_mm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI No disease observed 1 Fringe of hairs 1 Erect 1 IRRI CC CollCol_Est_RD0to4 Jeffrey Detras 11-30% 5 IRRI Jeffrey Detras SaltInj_Est_1to9 SAL Thin <5 mm 1 GRNWT IRRI GrnWt_10Wgh_g GRWT Jeffrey Detras SubTol_GHEst_1to9 IRRI SUB Jeffrey Detras IRRI GRL Jeffrey Detras GrLng_Av_mm IRRI PanBrArr_Est_1or2 pbra Jeffrey Detras 7 Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying BLSCO_ANTH BLSAnth_Est_1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 3 051 dist_post IRRI PanBasBrDist_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras 26-100% 9 Absent 0 LfBlastDam_EstScr_0to9 IRRI BLAST Jeffrey Detras Very short (<21 cm) 1 0 Absent Jeffrey Detras MaleSterGp_Est_1to6 MALE_STERILITY_GROUP IRRI IRRI CMD CulmDiam_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras Medium 5 CTOL ColdSens_VegEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras GRAIN_THICKNESS GrThk_Av_mm IRRI 4 Hairy on both sides 7 Long 3 Short ~15 cm 7 More than half of plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted 9 Complete plant wilting, followed by severe yellowing and scorching All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both 5 TDM_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI 6-25% 5 060 4 6 FLpSla_CM_cm2g Julie Pasuquin IRRI Few: 5-9 tillers/plant 7 VG IRRI PlntVg_SdEst_1to9 Jeffrey Detras 4 1 few 1 Kernel not affected but chalky, high gel temp (>74C) SCCO IRRI Jeffrey Detras PericCol_Exam_1to7UPOV 1 1-5% No symptom observed 1 PanLng_MatAv_UPOV1to3 PNL IRRI Jeffrey Detras 1 Compact Jeffrey Detras CaryoShp_Est_1to5 IRRI 5 Rolling of terminal 1/2 area of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd leaves, yellowing of leaf tips IRRI Exs_MM_cm Julie Pasuquin CS Jeffrey Detras CulmStr_EstSES_1to9 CUST IRRI Lf_Av_LfPlt Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH StrLmLng_AvLong_1to9 IRRI FLA IRRI FlgLfAng_LateAv_1to7 Jeffrey Detras CaryoWdt_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 7 20-39% 7 20-29 degrees ThripDam_Est_0to9 IRRI THRIPS Jeffrey Detras CulmNodAnth_PresEst_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal, healthy Julie Pasuquin IRRI CDMaj_IA_mm IRRI PanAxAtt_Est_UPOV1to2 Jeffrey Detras PANICLE_AXIS CaryoLng_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 0% covered 1 050 2 4 Thermo-photoperiod genic type (TPGMS) IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfBladAnth_PresEst_0to9 LEAF_ANGLE LfAng_Est_RD1to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Partly sterile 50-74% 3 100 11 5 080 Julie Pasuquin UFSpPan_CompD_SpPan IRRI Jeffrey Detras LigShp_CultEst_SES0to3 LIGULE_SHAPE IRRI 0 No infection observed IRRI CulmDiam_CultAv_mm CMD Jeffrey Detras Black 10 Jeffrey Detras CMD CulmDiam_WildAv_1or2 IRRI AwLng_WildAv_0to9 IRRI ANL Jeffrey Detras 5 6-25% 5 41-60% FLA Jeffrey Detras FlgLfAng_EarlAv_1to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_COLOR IRRI LigCol_CultEst_0to5 Easy 51-100% 9 0 No injury or fewer than 10% of plants have injured tillers Semi-erect (semi-compact) 3 CulmAng_Est_SES1to9 CMA_CO_1_9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras BPH BPHDam_Fld_0to9 IRRI 2 Hairs on lemma keel Moderately strong most plants bending 3 PanHill_Av_PanHill Julie Pasuquin IRRI AlkInj_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI ALK absent or very weak 1 TilProd_Av_TillPlt Julie Pasuquin IRRI 9 Extra long Jeffrey Detras IRRI LmPCol_ImmatEst_1to13 9 0-19% 5 Hard <36 mm No injury 0 AwPres_WildEst_0to2 IRRI ANP Jeffrey Detras 7 Yellow to orange and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withfew small tillers IRRI Jeffrey Detras OutXExt_Comp_1to9 white 1 LfSen_Est_1to9 IRRI SEN_CO_1_9 Jeffrey Detras LSEN 6 pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile 1 020 Straw FLL_MM_cm FlgLfLng_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin IRRI FGLL Jeffrey Detras KSmut_Est_0to9 KERNEL_SMUT IRRI 3 1-5% very early 1 Julie Pasuquin IRRI StPRO_AM_mgg 1 80-100% 4 6-10% Julie Pasuquin AerTA_IA_mm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI HMRR_CM_pct PanExs_Est_1to9 PEX Jeffrey Detras IRRI EXS DhtInj_EstRoll_0to9 Jeffrey Detras DRS_DRY_0_9 IRRI RGSV1 Jeffrey Detras RGSV1Sev_Index_Pct IRRI HT Jeffrey Detras PlntHt_Meas_1to9 IRRI 21-50% 7 TiFlwT_CM_d Julie Pasuquin IRRI Present 9 IRRI BLS_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras BLS 3 Weak 080 5 CDMaj_Av_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 1 Glabrous Jeffrey Detras PB IRRI PBSev_Comp_Pct IRRI KNEEING_ABILITY KneeAb_EstAng_1to9 Jeffrey Detras 080 4 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying IRRI Jeffrey Detras LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE LmPPub_Est_IRRI1to5 1 above 50 degrees 9 Tall (lowland: more than 130 cm, upland: more than 125 cm) 3 weak Jeffrey Detras ApCol_MatEst_IRRI1to9 APC IRRI Very low (<1%) 1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI PanLng_MatAv_cm PanL_MM_cm PNL 2 Hairy or ciliated Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 25% of tillers 3 Excellent 1 STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR IRRI StrLmCol_Est_1to4 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras PBDam_Est_0to9 PB 060 2 3 Mostly or generally hirsute: hairs covering more than 50% of the ligule Short to intermediate 91-105 cm 4 4 Brown furrows on straw Julie Pasuquin IRRI StCWC_AM_mgg Jeffrey Detras KeelAnth_ImmatEst_0to7 IRRI IRRI GYplt_CM_g Julie Pasuquin 4 Vegetative crown, stolon and weak rhizomes AnLt_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI AL 086 1 Reddish to light purple 6 Jeffrey Detras RWhorlMaggDam_Est_0to9 RICE_WHORL_MAGGOT IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI SDMaj_Av_mm 26-50% infected panicles 7 Julie Pasuquin IRRI StDM_CM_gm2 4 Very strong 9 Julie Pasuquin IRRI FerTil_CM_pct LIGULE_SHAPE IRRI Jeffrey Detras LigShp_Est_1to2 Purple 3 Jeffrey Detras CollAnth_Est_1to9 IRRI IRRI Jeffrey Detras LmPCol_MatEst_IRRI1to11 Absent 0 Very short <5 mm 1 Julie Pasuquin Rs_LCPro_invm IRRI late 7 Spreading (open) 5 8 GrT_MM_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI Intermediate to long 121-140 cm 6 Julie Pasuquin IRRI StSUC_AM_mgg 8 060 9 Leaves turn yellow or orange, more than 75% height reduction, no flowering or some plants dead RGSV2 Jeffrey Detras RGSV2Sev_Index_Pct IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI LfST_CM_mm Jeffrey Detras APC ApCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to6 IRRI 8 087 ZnCt_Meas_ppm CÈcile Grenier CIAT IRRI DExs_CM_d Julie Pasuquin 000 0 Julie Pasuquin IRRI PDMin_IA_mm IRRI LIGULE_LENGTH LigLng_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras IRRI ApAnth_ImmatEst_0to9 Pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with numerous small tillers 9 5 21-30% LEAF_LENGTH LfLng_Av_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI GelTemp IRRI GelTemp_Alkd_1to7 Jeffrey Detras GallMidgeDam_EstFld_0to9 IRRI GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE Jeffrey Detras STEM_BORER_DAMAGE IRRI StemBorer_DeadheartEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras STIGMA_COLOR IRRI StgmCol_Est_1to5 CaryoShp_Comp_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras All plants dead 9 Jeffrey Detras KeelAnth_MatEst_0to7 IRRI 9 All plants dead IRRI RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9 RAGGED_STUNT Jeffrey Detras Weak 3 IRRI FLSla_CM_cm2g Julie Pasuquin 040 3 black 9 7 26-40% covered 13-25% 5 IRRI UDBATTA_DISEASE UDInc_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 5 Normal, most plants with 4-leaves Very weak 1 SpFert IRRI SPKF Jeffrey Detras SpkFer_Est_1to5 SPIKELET_FERTILITY 3 Triangular (and very small) Very slight injury 1 LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE IRRI LfBladPub_CultEst_SES1to3 Jeffrey Detras 0 No injury PGWC_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI Absent 1 Present 9 3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 6 red HOJA_BLANCA Jeffrey Detras HojaBlancaSev_ReproEst_0to9 IRRI RTD1 RTungroSev_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 9 0-19% FLfT_MM_degC Julie Pasuquin IRRI Tip only 1 3 Lesion on a few primary branches or the middle part of panicle axis Present 9 CML IRRI Jeffrey Detras CulmLng_Av_cm IRRI PS_LCPro_umol Julie Pasuquin 9 Very long >40 mm 5 purple PHENOTYPIC_ACCEPTABILITY IRRI PhenAcc_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras DATE_SEED Jeffrey Detras IRRI SdDate_Meas_Date Less than 1% 1 4 reddish to light purple IRRI LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_0to9 LEAFFOLDER Jeffrey Detras 7 Short 5.5mm or less 2 9 All plants dead Jeffrey Detras LmPColOrn_Est_1to5 IRRI StLIG_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI Julie Pasuquin BRR_CM_pct IRRI PRT IRRI BRiceProtCt_Meas_Pct Jeffrey Detras 2 RHIZOME_FORMATION Jeffrey Detras RhyzForm_Est_1to6 IRRI IRRI PanT_Av_degC Julie Pasuquin IRRI EXS PEX Jeffrey Detras PanExs_EstMStrl_1to9 084 Purple lines 4 Julie Pasuquin DMatS_CM_d IRRI yellowish 2 3 Abortion at uni-nucleate stage of pollen (CMS-WA type) No incidence 0 9 Less than 11% 0 No damage Jeffrey Detras HDR HdR_Comp_Perc IRRI 1 Less than 3% Strongly drooping 4 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying Julie Pasuquin IRRI TDMplt_CM_gPlnt Jeffrey Detras FGLW FLW_MM_cm IRRI FlgLfWdt_Av_cm 9 Present 3 052 LEAF_SCALD IRRI LfScald_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin IRRI CulmSP_CM_r 3 Some damage/leaf discoloration Julie Pasuquin IRRI StSTA_AM_mgg TFlwE_CM_d IRRI Julie Pasuquin more than 75% 9 GrYld_Comp_kgha IRRI GrYld_Comp_kgha Jeffrey Detras PanThr_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras PTH THR_SCOR_1_3 IRRI 087 8 Below 20 degrees 9 Sterile (95%-98.9%) 5 Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_SHAPE LigShp_WilEst_0to7 IRRI IRRI CulmPP_CM_r Julie Pasuquin 3 Vegetative crown and weak rhizomes 5 21-35% IRRI PanLng_MatAv_RD1to9 PNL Jeffrey Detras SHB ShBltInc_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras AwCol_ImmatEst_IRRI0to8 IRRI ANC Jeffrey Detras AWCO 7 50-74% FSmut_Est_0to9 IRRI FALSE_SMUT Jeffrey Detras 3 Short ~8 mm 5 6-25% BPHDam_GH_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras BPH light brown 2 2 FLW_DATE FlwDate_1stFlw_Date Jeffrey Detras IRRI 76-100% 9 attribute 5 Horizontal Julie Pasuquin IRRI StDM_Av_g 51-100% 9 8 1-3 tolerant 0 Leaves healthy Jeffrey Detras BirdDam_Est_1to9 BIRD_DAMAGE IRRI 1 very early EInt_Av_Ino Julie Pasuquin IRRI GrYld_wgh_gplot Jeffrey Detras GrYld_wgh_gplot IRRI Growth and tillering nearly normal, basal leaves slightly discolored 2 FLA Jeffrey Detras IRRI FlgLfAng_WildAv_1to7 Jeffrey Detras ELONGATION StmElong_Esr_1to9 IRRI IRRI CulmTP_CM_r Julie Pasuquin 089 3 Growth and tillering nearly normal 1 LodInc_Meas_pct Jeffrey Detras LG IRRI ANL Jeffrey Detras AwLng_CultMax_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras RAT_DAMAGE RatDam_Est_1to9 IRRI IRRI Jeffrey Detras P1 PDef_GHEst_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI PanLng_ImmatAv_cm PNL 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying Jeffrey Detras LfBlastDam_EstTyp_0to9 BLAST IRRI IRRI CaryoWdt_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI GLH Jeffrey Detras GLhDam_EstGH_0to9 7 Purple spots on straw 081 4 Scented 2 5 Intermediate (one leaf still green at harvest) 6 054 Julie Pasuquin SpD_CM_spk IRRI CDMin_Av_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 3 First and 2nd leaves with orange tips, slight stunting 1-5% 3 3 Short 7 2-cleft 0 000 Jeffrey Detras NBLS IRRI NBLSDam_Est_0to9 1 Very weak Julie Pasuquin IRRI SpSter_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin DrG_Est_sc1to5 IRRI 9 Above 40% covered 1 Scabrous 9 Purple RICE_DELPHACID RDelphDam_EstGH_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI IRRI Julie Pasuquin FL1W_Av_cm 010 1 Jeffrey Detras SPIKELET_STERILITY IRRI SpkSter_Comp_1to9 CulmNodUndCol_Est_0to2 IRRI NOCO Jeffrey Detras Narrow or slightly elliptical lesions, 1-2 mm in breadth, more than 3 mm long with a brown margin 5 No visible lesion observed or lesions on only a few pedicels 0 0 Absent Julie Pasuquin IRRI StTWT_AM_mgg 40-59% 5 CulmP_CM_r Julie Pasuquin IRRI 0 No symptoms Jeffrey Detras LigPub_Est_1to3 IRRI LIGULE_PUBESCENCE Jeffrey Detras SCT IRRI Sct_SmellUncook_0to2 1 Very slight damage/leaf discoloration Spindle-shaped 4 Jeffrey Detras CMN IRRI CulmNo_Av_Culm Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile) 9 1 None to few leaves slightly yellow, tillering, height and flowering not affected 8 Jeffrey Detras IronInj_Est_1to9 FE1 IRRI 7 063 Long 141-155 cm 7 7 8 2-3 tolerant IRRI Int2L_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin GRWT Jeffrey Detras GRNWT IRRI GrnWt_1000Wgh_1to7 medium 2 Medium: 10-19 tillers/plant 5 Extra vigorous, very fast growing 1 020 1 7 51-75% FGW_MM_g1000gr Julie Pasuquin IRRI TGW 1000GW 1 100% of performance of tolerant check 0 Absent Julie Pasuquin IRRI TiFlwS_CM_d 3 Open Straw 2 7 31-50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration 1-5% 3 Jeffrey Detras LfMargPub_Est_1to2 LMPUB IRRI 1 Less than 2 leaves/hill injured Julie Pasuquin IRRI CDef_CM_r Julie Pasuquin IRRI FSpPan_CM_SpPan 0 No disease observed IRRI Jeffrey Detras BPHDam_GH3_0to9 BPH 5 061 Light green Jeffrey Detras LfFolderDam_CompRating_Pct LEAFFOLDER IRRI No damage observed 0 7 Poor 1 No symptom observed 3 040 Gold Julie Pasuquin IRRI RtA_Win_cm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI LfT_LCPro_degC Leaf margins touching forming O-shape 7 3 Partly exserted panicle base is slightly beneath the collar of the flag leaf blade Jeffrey Detras pbasbrno PBPan_MM_BrPan PanBrNo_Av_BrPan IRRI 46-65% 7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras HeadT_80Comp_d FLW HDG SeedlHt_Av_1to7 IRRI SEEDLING_HEIGHT Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin IRRI PithD_CM_mm 60-79% 3 SECONDARY_BRANCHING_OF_PANICLES Pan2ndBr_Est_0to3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin IRRI HGW 100GW FGW_MM_g100gr 0 0 Absent (collarless) Jeffrey Detras DRS_DRY_0_9 DhtInj_EstDry_0to9 IRRI 030 3 Well exserted 9 Julie Pasuquin FLCC_MM_SPAD IRRI GrWdt_Meas_1to7 IRRI GRW Jeffrey Detras 052 Brown (tawny) 3 5 Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead Jeffrey Detras PanTyp_Est_SES1to3 IRRI PnT Long ~30 mm 7 No disease observed 0 AWCO Jeffrey Detras IRRI ANC AwCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to9 Julie Pasuquin IRRI HFSpPan_CM_SpPan 7 Drooping GFR_CM_gday Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI GLO GlOp_Av_1to9 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted 7 1 Straight 9 Poorest elongation, or none, like non-elongating semidwarf e.g. IR42 1 Difficult less than 1% 3 11-20% Jeffrey Detras SubTol_FldEst_1to9 IRRI SUB 7 26-50% 9 062 IRRI PNO PanNo_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras NUMBER_OF_PANICLES Jeffrey Detras CulmNodAnth_IntensEst_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH StrLmLng_AvShort_mm IRRI Maximum tiller angle less than45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers 7 IRRI RTungroSev_GHComp_Pct Jeffrey Detras RTD1 20-39% 7 Julie Pasuquin IRRI SDWplt_Av_g Jeffrey Detras LfWdt_Av_cm LW IRRI 1 pollen and spikelets both 90% fertile or above Jeffrey Detras LmPCol_MatEst_UPOV1to6 IRRI IRRI CulmINodAnth_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras Leaves green or pale green with mottling and 6% to 25% of height reduction, flowering slightly delayed 5 IRRI AerD_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin CanH_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin IRRI GELC Jeffrey Detras IRRI GelC_Meas_mm PanAxAtt_Est_SES1to4 IRRI PANICLE_AXIS Jeffrey Detras 1 Less than 1% CC IRRI Jeffrey Detras CollCol_Est_SES0to3 StemBorer_YellowEst_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras STEM_BORER_DAMAGE Jeffrey Detras PanSh_Est_1to9 PSH THR_SCOR_1_3 IRRI IRRI FSpProp_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin GY_CM_kgplot Julie Pasuquin IRRI Absent (collarless) 0 IRRI CMA_CO_1_9 CulmAng_Est_UPOV1to9 Jeffrey Detras 5 6-25% (apical and some marginal lesions) Julie Pasuquin IRRI MRR_CM_pct 41-60% 5 1-3 Tolerant Julie Pasuquin RtD_Win_mm IRRI purple 8 Pointed 1 WBPH_EstGH_0to9 Jeffrey Detras WBPH IRRI BBDam_EstFld2_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras BB 2 012 IRRI ENDO Jeffrey Detras EndoType_Est_1to3 TilPlt_Av_TillPlt IRRI Julie Pasuquin 6 16-25% 7 Dark GY_CMD_gm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin No damage 0 Julie Pasuquin FL1Dw_Av_g IRRI 0 000 No lesions observed 0 0 No damage observed 2 Vegetative crown and stolon 1 Erect <30? FSpPan_Av_SpPan Julie Pasuquin IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI RtV_Win_cm3 MAT IRRI TMat_Meas_d Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras IRRI BApAnth_ImmatEst_0to7 1 absent Glabrous (no hairs) 1 Jeffrey Detras BLCO LfBladGreen_Est_0to3 IRRI Sct_SmellCook_0to2 IRRI SCT Jeffrey Detras IRRI POLLEN_STERILITY MaleSter_UPOVEst_1to3 MSTERILE Jeffrey Detras 1 Very slight damage IRRI CulmDiam_CultAv_1or2 Jeffrey Detras CMD 4 Red YellowMottleSev_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras YELLOW_MOTTLE IRRI IRRI AP AP_Lab_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI RaggedStuntSev_Index_Pct RAGGED_STUNT Jeffrey Detras 1 Semidwarf (lowland: less than 110 cm, upland: less than 90 cm) 5 Medium RICE_BUG_DAMAGE IRRI RBugDam_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 3 95-99% 7 26-50% 9 very strong 5 0-10% height reduction, 1-2 leaves ragged/twisted, few veins swollen on leaf collar StNSC_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI 90-100% 1 Partially sterile (70%-94.9%) 7 7 11-40% CulmA_IA_mm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI 6 Dispersed mergingwith collar, low gel temp (<70C) Julie Pasuquin IRRI FL1A_CM_cm2 StASH_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI 1 Truncate USpPan_Av_SpPan Julie Pasuquin IRRI INCO CulmINodUnderCol_Est_0to2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 1 Small 7 080 9 More than 75% leaf area affected 51-100% 9 Clk_Vis_0to5 CIAT CÈcile Grenier FL1L_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin IRRI No damage 0 011 1 4 Jeffrey Detras P1 IRRI PDef_FldEst_1to9 PltH_FLW_cm_MM PlntHt_Av_cm HT PltH_MAT_cm_MM PltH_15DAF_cm_MM IRRI Jeffrey Detras 99 Other PTH THR_SCOR_1_3 IRRI PanThr_Est_1to3 Jeffrey Detras 26-50% 7 Jeffrey Detras UFRA IRRI UfraDam_Est_0to9 strong 7 LEAFFOLDER IRRI LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_Pct Jeffrey Detras No disease observed 0 IRRI FL1Sla_CM_cm2g Julie Pasuquin 2 Upper quarter only All plants dead 9 Strong no bending 1 Jeffrey Detras LigShp_CultEst_RD0to3 LIGULE_SHAPE IRRI 5 Sterile (95%-98.9%) IRRI GrDiscol_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras GRAIN_DISCOLORATION Growth and tillering nearly normal, older leaves reddish-brown, purple, or orange-yellow 3 slight yellowing of a few plants 1 No lesions observed 0 9 0-19% Jeffrey Detras PericCol_Exam_1to7IRRI SCCO IRRI 3 Obtuse or rounded 3 Leaves partially yellow but with no hopperburn Very weak 1 acute 1 7 088 HI_CM_r Julie Pasuquin IRRI 061 Light green 2 081 4 medium 5 61-80% 3 Glabrous (smooth-including ciliated margins) 1 All plants dead 9 3 Short ~8 mm AwCol_ImmatEst_SES0to6 Jeffrey Detras ANC AWCO IRRI 1 Straw 100 Black 6 0 No disease observed 7 High 5 40-59% 7 26-50% (apical and marginal lesions) 0 No damage IRRI BBDam_EstFld_1to9 Jeffrey Detras BB 0 No scraping 8 5 Medium 7 Loose 26-50% 9 Almost all plants dead or dying 5 11-20% Jeffrey Detras IRRI BLAST LfBlastDam_EstAmt_0to9 070 7 TilHill_Av_TillH Julie Pasuquin IRRI 1 Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center 1 Less than 5% Weak, plants somewhat stunted, most plants with 3-4 leaves and no tillers in thin population 7 9 All plants dead Less than 1% 1 4 060 LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE IRRI LfBladPub_CultEst_UPOV1to7 Jeffrey Detras 5 Intermediate most plants moderately bending 1 short Strong 7 3 0-10% height reduction, no ragged/twisted leaf, very few veins slightly swollen usually on leaf collar Jeffrey Detras IRRI LIGMSH LigMargShp_Est_1to99 2 Smooth partially male sterile 2 100 9 Clustered 3 IRRI GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE GallMidgeDam_EstGH_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 9 26-100% late 7 9 Almost all plants dead or dying 8 Purple furrows on straw Horizontal 5 White 1 8 11-15% 5 Julie Pasuquin IRRI CwallA_CM_mm2 strong 5 Julie Pasuquin IRRI UFSpPct_CM_pct Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead 7 9 Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface) IRRI Jeffrey Detras LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE LfBladPub_WildEst_1to4 Whorled 1 5 Medium 1 Shallow leaf folding Jeffrey Detras DRT7_DRY_0_9 IRRI DhtRecov_Est_0to9 9 Very long >40 mm 9 81-100% IRRI AurShp_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras StrLmCol_Est_1to9 STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR 1 Less than 5% 3 052 1 Best elongation response Jeffrey Detras LEAF_ANGLE LfAng_Est_SES1to9 IRRI Acute 5 5 053 White 11 Sensitive 6-7 51-100% 9 0 000 0 Non-scented Scented 2 080 Purple 5 011 1 5 Genetically engineered (transgenic type) Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves discolored, only a few elongating 5 20-30% 3 male sterile 3 Absent 1 Julie Pasuquin IRRI PanPlt_Av_PanPlt Medium 5 Horizontal 5 sensitive 7-9 weak 3 5 Normal 3 Low Julie Pasuquin IRRI CI_LCPro_ppm Leaves green but with sparse dots or streaks and less than 5% of height reduction 3 IRRI FertRest_Comp_1to9 Jeffrey Detras FREST 8 ZDEF ZnDefInj_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Thermosensitive-genic type (TGMS) 2 4 Very slight damage 1 USpD_CM_spk Julie Pasuquin IRRI SGr_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI 5 Intermediate 7 26-50% Thick > 2 1 above 30% seed set 20-29.9% seed set 3 1 absent IRRI BLSCO_ANTH Jeffrey Detras BLSAnth_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras LmPCol_MatEst_SES1to10 IRRI Absent 0 IRRI Jeffrey Detras STEM_BORER_DAMAGE StemBorer_DeepWatEst_0to9 Sensitive 7-9 5 11-25% GYplt_Av_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras LG IRRI LodInc_Est_1to9 9 very late 1 080 SMTwp_CM_mb Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI CwallT_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin Julie Pasuquin IRRI TI TillNo_Comp_1to9 Julie Pasuquin SMCwp_CM_pct IRRI 1 Very weak 5 41-60% 3 61-80% Emarginate 4 Stressed 2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI SpPan_CM_SpPan 6 Julie Pasuquin AerA_IA_mm2 IRRI No disease observed 0 9 Almost all plants dead or dying 7 11-40% 071 6 IRRI ANT AwThk_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras TUfGW Julie Pasuquin IRRI UfGW_Av_g1000gr 6 3 11-20% 5 Medium IRRI Jeffrey Detras GLhDam_EstFld_0to9 GLH 070 Red 6 Jeffrey Detras ApCol_ImmatEst_IRRI1to9 APC IRRI 3 Truncate Typical blast lesions infection 51-75% of the leaf area and many leaves are dead 8 3 Brown spots on straw 5 11-30% Jeffrey Detras LEAF_LENGTH LfLng_Av_cm IRRI Partially hirsute: hairs covering less than 50% of the ligule 2 9 very strong Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmINodAnth_Est_0to2 Medium ~25 cm 5 9 Drooping 7 Short Julie Pasuquin GY_CM_kgha IRRI BLSC_CO_1_4 BLSCol_Est_1to4 IRRI Jeffrey Detras AWDIST IRRI AwDist_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras 9 61% and above 3 1-5% 6 None 0 Intermediate ?45? 3 9 082 080 5 SHEATH_ROT Jeffrey Detras ShRotInc_Est_0to9 IRRI IRRI AurCol_Est_1to5 AC Jeffrey Detras Very weak 1 KNEEING_ABILITY IRRI KneeAb_EstPres_0or1 Jeffrey Detras 3 081 3 Rolling of terminal 1/3-1/2 area of 1st and 2nd leaves 5 1/3 to 1/2 of leaves injured Round 1 SPIKELET_FERTILITY SpFert SpkFer_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras SPKF IRRI YELLOW_DWARF Jeffrey Detras YellowDwarfSev_Est_0to9 IRRI STEM_BORER_DAMAGE Jeffrey Detras StemBorer_WhiteHeadEst_0to9 IRRI 7 Long ~30 mm Broad >2 cm 7 2 Kernel swollen, high gel temp (>74C) 0% of the kernel with chalkiness 0 5 Bold HFSpY_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI medium 5 Leaves yellow, plants moderately stunted, flowering delayed 5 Purple apex 7 PB IRRI Jeffrey Detras PBInc_Est_0to9 1 Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center IRRI Jeffrey Detras Clk_Vis_0to9 3 40-49 degrees 6 IRRI LW Jeffrey Detras LfWdt_Av_1to7 Julie Pasuquin IRRI RtL_Win_cm 26-50% 7 GRNWT IRRI GrnWt_100Wgh_g GRWT Jeffrey Detras 6-25% 5 7 Typical blast lesions infection 26-50% of the leaf area 1 Slender LemaShp_Est_0to3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras SLSH 5 Open ~40 degrees IRRI Jeffrey Detras SdGerm_Est_Pct SG Curved 2 21-40% 3 2 020 All plants dead 9 Jeffrey Detras DhtInj_EstSpkFert_0to9 IRRI DRS_DRY_0_9 2 3 early Strong 7 Very long (>80 cm) 9 4 055 9 No kneeing HeatSens_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras HTOL IRRI 7 Descending First and 2nd leaves yellowing 3 Red 6 3 short Better than that of non-elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of elongating semidwarf 7 medium 5 LfBladAnth_DistEst_1to4 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves 9 Narrow 3 Narrow 3 1 011 4 IRRI PhenReac_Est_1to7 Jeffrey Detras ANC AwCol_MatEst_IRRI0to6 IRRI AWCO Jeffrey Detras 5 Leaves with pronounced yellowing and some stunting or wilting and 10-25% of plants with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted 2 acronym early 3 0-1 highly tolerant Less than 1% 1 100 Black 6 Jeffrey Detras BApAnth_MatEst_0to7 IRRI 7 Weak, plants somewhat stunted 11-20% 3 Erect <15 degrees 1 Alternate 2 3 Weak 5 6-25% Semi-upright 2 4 76-100% 9 No damage 0 Julie Pasuquin IRRI SDMin_Av_mm 2 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 Present 9 1 1-10% light gold 1 IRRI AwPres_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras ANP Jeffrey Detras PlntVg_VegEst_1to9 IRRI VG 1 010 084 2 2 Hairy on upper surface 5-9.9% seed set 7 AnCo_Est_1to2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras ANCO No symptom observed 1 No disease observed 0 080 4 1 above 70% 51-100% (apical and marginal lesions) 9 11-15% 5 3 Long Leaves tightly rolled 9 5 061 Intermediate (stains reddish-blue purple) 2 6 Upright 1 16-25% 7 gold 2 7 Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying No damage 0 4 052 5 light red Lesion completely around panicle base or uppermost internode or panicle axis near base with more than 30% of filled grains 7 Julie Pasuquin GrWh_MM_mm IRRI 1 1-5% 2 Fully awned 4 purple spots GY_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras GLO GlOp_Av_deg IRRI 6 071 All plants dead 9 9 All plants dead 6 Half spindle-shaped 3 Entire 1 More than 1/2 of the injured with some broken leaves 9 GLWR_CM_r Julie Pasuquin IRRI Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers 1 FLpDw_Av_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI 61-80% 7 Very short <5 mm 1 9 Unacceptable 1 Thin <5 mm Intermediate 2 no drought symptoms 5 3 thin 4 Short hairs 50% of the kernel with chalkiness 3 5 1-25% 3 70-89% 3 052 Brown (tawny) 3 Semi-erect (intermediate) 3 95-99% PDWplt_Av_g IRRI Julie Pasuquin AwLng_Av_mm IRRI ANL Jeffrey Detras White 1 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 Less than 1% 1 36-50% 7 2 050 2 Semi-round Erect 1 Large 9 081 4 9 Lesion completely around panicle baseor uppermost internode or the panicle axis near the base with less than 30% of filled grains. BS IRRI BS_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 5 More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting StSTR_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI CulmD_CM_mm Julie Pasuquin TMatT_CM_d Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI Jeffrey Detras HojaBlancaSev_VegEst_0to9 HOJA_BLANCA 3 Moderately difficult 1-5% 1-10% 1 POLLEN_STERILITY MSTERILE Jeffrey Detras MaleSter_Comp_1to9 IRRI 5 Medium 9 More than 65% CDMin_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 3 Weak 2 Intermediate: 25-50% of grains removed 0-10% 9 Partly awned 1 2 Thick > Absent or very weak 1 2 gold 3 Slightly Drooping IRRI Jeffrey Detras CML CulmLng_Av_1to7 5 Medium 020 Straw 1 1 060 Green Intermediate 106 -120 cm 5 CASE_WORM_DAMAGE IRRI CaseWormDam_Est_0to8 Jeffrey Detras Less than 1% 1 Horizontal 7 Rapidly coalescing small, whitish, grayish, or bluish lesions without distinct margins 9 PanAxText_Est_1or2 IRRI PA_TEXT Jeffrey Detras IRRI LDWplt_Av_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI APSH ApSh_Est_1to2 Jeffrey Detras 11-25% covered 5 053 5 Glabrous 1 4 9 61% and above IRRI Jeffrey Detras GrElong_Comp_ratio First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 000 0 1-5% 3 3 moderately tolerant 4-6 0 No damage 3 variegated brown Absent 0 9 Round 9 All plants dead 1 Extra long 51-100% 9 75% of the kernel with chalkiness 4 4 75-94% 5 Moderately well exserted 7 3 Short 71-90 cm ColdSens_SeedlEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CTOL Very slight damage 1 Droopy 2 Present 9 5 6-25% Less than 1% 1 Julie Pasuquin IRRI SpHill_CM_SpH Absent 0 1-10% 1 0 Absent 040 Gold 2 8 5 Medium 5 084 5 070 Medium 5 8-9 highly sensitive 5 Medium 3 084 Up to 1/3 of leaf area scraped 1 None awnless 0 8 51-100% GLf_Av_LfPlt Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras BakInc IRRI BakInc_Est_1to9 9 51-100% 010 1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras GelTemp GelTemp_PkTemp_Deg FSD_CM_spk Julie Pasuquin IRRI Small brown specks of pinpoint size or large brown specks without sporulating center on the lower leaves 1 MAT Jeffrey Detras TMat_Meas_1to9 IRRI Very late (all leaves still green at harvest) 9 5 many PanTyp_Est_UPOV1to9 IRRI PnT Jeffrey Detras Low (~3%) 3 CUST IRRI CulmStr_EstRD_1to9 CS Jeffrey Detras 1-25% 5 Absent 1 062 6 WBPH_EstFld_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI WBPH 7 31-60% 10% of the kernel with chalkiness 1 Less than 1% 1 3 5-10% infected panicles Maximum tiller angle less than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers 5 Lesions only on bottom 20% of the plant 1 4 060 red 4 brown 3 Long to very long 156-180 cm 8 Julie Pasuquin TFlwS_CM_d IRRI 1 Enclosed panicle is partly or entirely enclosed within the leaf sheath of the flag leaf blade 7 light purple 7 Spreading (>60-80 degrees, culms not resting on the ground) 2 Small roundish to slightly elongated, necrotic gray spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter, with a distinct brown margin. Lesions are mostly found on the lower leaves. 7 26-50% ApCol_MatEst_SES1to7 APC IRRI Jeffrey Detras StgExers_Comp_1to9 STIGMA_EXSERTION Jeffrey Detras IRRI BB BBDam_EstGH_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 20-39% 7 IRRI Gs_LCPro_mol Julie Pasuquin 1 Difficult: few or no grains removed Very weak 1 1 Light Green 11 082 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal 3 7 31-60% 3 042 060 1 9 Very few: fewer than 5 tillers/plant 6 red 1 Less than 1% Good 3 gold furrows 2 No damage 0 Kernel swollen with collar incomplete or narrow, high-intermediate gel temp 3 Jeffrey Detras ApAnth_MatEst_0to9 IRRI 3 Some damage/leaf discoloration Julie Pasuquin IRRI GrLng_MM_mm 0 000 3 Short (~30 cm) 7 Late (two or more leaves still green at harvest) 080 4 080 1 Fertile 75-90% 4 6 Purple Julie Pasuquin PanD_Calc_Panm2 IRRI 9 present Very long >40 cm 9 No disease observed 0 Horizontal 5 FlwDate_80Flw_Date Jeffrey Detras FLW_DATE IRRI 26% and above 9 gold 2 Erect 1 1 Less than 1% 5 Growth and tillering retarded, many leaves discolored 11-25% infected panicles 5 2 1/3 to 1/2 of leaf area scraped 1 Very weak Strong 7 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 3 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with numerous small tillers. Vigorous, fast growing 3 BPHDam_GH1_0to9 BPH Jeffrey Detras IRRI 5 21-40% 1 041 1-5% 3 1 More than 80% 9 51-100% Lesion type is the same as in 1, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves 3 3 1-10% covered 7 Broad Less than 1% 1 5 purple Erect (compact) 1 3 Lesion type is the same as in scale 2, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves 7 long 31-60% 7 1 100% of plants survive Jeffrey Detras CaryoLng_Av_mm IRRI 6 054 Purple lines 2 First and 2nd leaves yellowing 3 7 More than 1/2 of the leaves injured with no broken leaves Jeffrey Detras RGSV2 RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9 IRRI 5 Split or segmented with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal, reddish-brown spots or orange discoloration on tips of older leaves 9 Abortion at later stage: pollen grains look like fertile pollen (518A cytoplasm from O. nivara) 4 reddish brown 9 090 7 080 3 41-70% AmyCt_Meas_Pct IRRI AMY Jeffrey Detras 8 FLA_CM_cm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI StEXT_AM_mgg Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with few small tillers. 3 8 080 0-4.9% seed set 9 1-5% 3 CIAT CÈcile Grenier AmyCt_NIRS_Pct AMY pollen 90% fertile or above, spikelets 75-89% fertile 3 3 1-10% 1-10% 3 9 Extra long 4 reddish brown Very slight damage 1 10 080 Lightly scented 1 Completely 100% sterile 1 Absent 1 5 31-45% Absent 1 pollen and spikelets both <60% fertile 9 1 Very early (all leaves lost their green colour before grain maturity) 1-2% 1 entity 1 Very weak Non-glutinous (non-waxy, stains dark blue purple) 1 010 1 16-25% 6 11-20% 3 3 Light brown 3 0 Absent 3 Fertile 75-89% 9 61% and above 0 Non-scented 011 Whitish 1 Julie Pasuquin IRRI HSpD_CM_SpPan pollen 60-69% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile 7 7 Rolling of entire length of all leaves, pronounced yellowing 6 PedL_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 5 10-19.9% seed set 0 No injury 1 Erect 7 strong 6 75-94% 5 7 11-20% 9 Completely sterile 0% 3 4-5% 9 More than 50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange discoloration 8 5 31-50% 3 Pubescent 2 Cleft 3 6-10% 3 moderately stressed 3 084 Lesion partially around the base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part of panicle axis near the base 5 2 040 Gold 062 2 4 Kernel swollen with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp STEM_ROT IRRI StmRotInc_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 2 Rice ontology Early (all leaves have lost their green colour at harvest) 3 5 8-15% 9 Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile) 0 No injury GrWdt_Av_mm IRRI GRW Jeffrey Detras Intermediate 5 Tall >60 cm 7 042 3 6 few drought symptoms 4 3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 2 040 7 26-50% 5 11-15% No damage 0 More than 25% 9 091 10 Abortion at trinucleate stage of pollen (CMS-boro type) 7 3 080 Purple Moderate (~15%) 5 3 Vigorous, fast growing, most plants with 4-5 leaves and 1-2 tillers 2 020 Straw Descending 7 Scalloped or toothed 2 Less than 11% 9 0 No damage Highly sterile (99%-99.9%) 3 5 Long hairs (velvety) 7 31-60% 000 0 3 1-5% (apical lesions) 5 Leaves fully cupped in U-shape Fair 5 3 1-3% 5 6-25% 7 26-50% 5 Medium 5.51-6.6 mm Highly sterile (99%-99.9%) 3 25% of the kernel with chalkiness 2 2 0 Absent GelC_Meas_1to5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI GELC 4 052 Brown (tawny) 7 Pale green to yellow and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withnumerous small tillers 5 Brown (tawny) IRRI CulmNodAnth_DistrEst_0to3 Jeffrey Detras 2 40-69% 5 8 082 Intermediate (~50 cm) 5 5 Abortion at binucleate stage of pollen (CMS-HL type) Julie Pasuquin IRRI CulmD_IA_mm 5 Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area 1-10% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration 3 Julie Pasuquin IRRI StemD_CM_mm 5 Intermediate (lowland: 110-130 cm, upland: 90-125 cm) 052 4 3 weak 8 purple ANC AwCol_MatEst_UPOV1to9 Jeffrey Detras AWCO IRRI 9 51-100% Erect 1 0 0% 085 2 strong 7 4 081 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Clk_Cerv_cerv 0 Absent Less than 5% 1 51-100% 9 Glabrous 1 51-75% 8 Purple 3 2 084 Almost all plants dead or dying 9 Semi-erect (intermediate) 3 Weak 3 6 Acuminate 5 Intermediate 1cm - 2cm 3 Brown (tawny) 9 More than 50% infected panicles 3 6-10% 062 2 1 More than 80% spikelets fertile weak 3 2 060 5 Just exserted panicle base coincides with the collar of the flag 2 Soft 61-80 mm CTOL Jeffrey Detras ColdSens_FlwEst_0to9 IRRI 9 26-100% 26-50% 7 1 Cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction type (CMS) Strong 7 1 Less than 1% HeadT_50Est_1to7 Jeffrey Detras FLW HDG IRRI Leaves slightly yellow, plants slightly stunted, flowering slightly delayed 3 2 020 2 9 0-49% 11-30% 3 Yellow to orange and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with few small tillers 9 3 Better than that of elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of the best local floating variety 3 Easy: >50% of grains removed 7 26-50% 9 51-100% 5 Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves whitish and rolled, only a few elongating 3 Photoperiod-sensitive genic type (PGMS) Absent 1 1 Completely 100% sterile Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves discolored 3 5 21-30% purple furrows 5 011 1 Jeffrey Detras SeedlHt_Av_cm SEEDLING_HEIGHT IRRI Long (~70 cm) 7 2 No disease observed 0 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted 7 Strong rhizomes with tubers 6 6-12% 3 All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both 5 Very short <11 cm 1 60-79% 3 26-100% 9 IRRI PDMaj_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin 3 brown 9 More than 50% 6 Typical blast lesions infection 11-25% of the leaf area 0 No symptoms 000 0 6 4 0 Absent Distinctly yellow and narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers. 5 1 Present 7 Strong 5 light red 7 Completely dispersed and cleared, low gel temp (<70C) 5 Medium 7 50-74% 3 brown 7 variegated purple 1 030 Intermediate 41-60 mm 3 080 Purple 7 Lightly scented 1 1 Very slight damage/leaf discoloration 5 070 6 080 2 Gold and gold furrows on straw background 1 1-10% 4 Hard 36-40 mm Very short to short 51-70 cm 2 7 More than half the plants wilting or with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile 5 Green 2 7 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted 1 Soft 81-100 mm 041 1 IRRI CulmDiam_WildAv_mm Jeffrey Detras CMD 5 21-30% 0 Absent 2 7 High (~35%) 0 No injury 070 Red 4 4 Upper three quarters only 1 No symptom observed More than 1/2 of leaf area scraped 3 2 8 Purple 1 No symptom observed 1 straw brown furrows 3 9 Very high (>50%) Highly sterile <50% to trace 7 010 1 dark purple/black 9 4-5% 4 4 Narrow <1 cm 3 2 Subulate or setaceous 100 Black 8 9 61-100% 2 cleft More than 30% height reduction, most leaves ragged/twisted, vein swellingcommon on leaf sheaths and leaf blades 9 30-39 degrees 5 Intermediate 6-25% 5 2 062 9 26-100% 7 Long ~35 cm 2 1-3% 8 black 9 5 6-25% Julie Pasuquin FLDw_Av_g IRRI 061 2 Similar to that of elongating semidwarf e.g. IR11141-6-1-4 5 7 Strong HFSpPct_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI 5 medium Weak 3 Completely sterile 0% 1 5 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers. 010 1 060 061 3 7 Spreading >60? 9 very strong 12 083 9 Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves Stunting slight, tillering decreased, some basal leaves brown or yellow 3 Strong 7 7 Broad All plants apparently dead 9 Moderately tolerant 4-6 13 090 51-75% 8 Vegetative crown 1 4 Typical susceptible blast lesions 3 mm or longer, infecting less than 4% of the leaf area IRRI Jeffrey Detras ChrNo_Count_Chr Hairs on upper portion 3 6 black 000 0 Weak 3 9 very strong Tip drying extended up to 1/4 length in most leaves 3 straw 1 Intermediate ~15 mm 5 No damage 0 8 2 Truncate 5 Medium Very weak 1 9 51-100% No disease observed 0 3 Semi-erect (intermediate) 4 9 Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface) black 6 Whole length 5 1 Less than 1% (apical lesions) 13-25% 5 7 Strong 7 Broad spindle-shaped lesion with yellow, brown, or purple margin 2 081 2-cleft 3 Red apex 5 Very abundant: more than 25 tillers/plant 1 Strong 7 9 Very strong 1 Less than 1% Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead 7 Very short <50 cm 1 Typical blast lesions infecting 26-50% of the leaf area 7 6 000 0 Intermediate 2 4 dark brown 9 Very long >180 5 Intermediate ~15 mm 7 12-25% 1 Rolling of terminal 1/3 area of 1st leaf No injury 0 long 3 Extra vigorous, very fast growing, most plants with 5-6 leaves and 2 or more tillers 1 3 Weak 9 61-100% 0 No disease observed Julie Pasuquin IRRI DEC_CM_pct 0 Absent 080 7 Absent 1 5 Long spindle-shaped Very slight damage 1 100% of the kernel with chalkiness 5 FLsizeR_CM_r Julie Pasuquin IRRI 3 080 2 pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 90% fertile or above pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile 4 7 Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves brown or yellow Less than 5% infected panicles 1 5 intermediate 0 000 5 13-25% Heavy 2 8 1 Acute to acuminate moderately tolerant 4-5 No lesions observed 0 9 Drooping Highly fertile >90% 1 1-10% 3 2 Acute to acuminate 1 Very slight injury 3 Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves whitish and rolled 3 Leaves partly folded in deep V-shape 2 Highly sterile 1-49% 1 Light 26-50% 7 Medium 5 Nuclear type 6 light purple 7 11-30% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration 5 medium 5 First and 2nd leaves with orange tips: slight stunting 3 1 1-10% 5 Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area 8 Growth and tillering nearly normal 0 Julie Pasuquin TilD_CM_Tillm2 IRRI 3 2 or more leaves/hill but less than 1/3 of leaves injured 0 Absent 4 7 Weak most plants nearly flat 3 4-7% 6 2 056 7 0 No injury 6-12% 3 5 Partly sterile 50-74% First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 3 medium 5 More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting No injury 0 light red 5 7 Partially sterile (70%-94.9%) 2 Less than 1% Weak 3 No injury 0 3 Glutinous (waxy, stains reddish purple) 070 5 80-100% 1 6 3 Medium 020 2 7 31-60% 0 No symptom observed 9 Very weak all plants flat 11-25% 7 1 White 7 Hairy on lower surface 3 More than 2/3 of all leaves fully dried 7 1 Linear(long and slender) 7 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. Horizontal 5 6-12% 3 3 Many: 20-25 tillers/plant 1 Pollen free (TGMS line, e.g. Norin PL12) 1-5% 1 100 9 1-5% 1 1 Lesions on several pedicels or secondary branches absent or very weak 1 0 None awnless Semi-erect intermediate ~20 degrees 3 Leaves pale yellow or yellow and 26-75% of height reduction, floweringdelayed 7 All plants dead 9 culm node anthocyanin scale Secondary panicle branching Pan2ndBr The abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle Spikelet on secondary branch of panicle Pattern StDM Dry weight of stems and leaves per plant Straw Straw dry matter per plant Weight per plant PithD Pith Pith diameter Diameter of the hollow portion of the culm Diameter Width Leaf Width of penultimate leaf blade Leaf width LfWdt Bird damage incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of panicles that are damaged by birds Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles Auricle AurShp Auricle anthocyanin Anthocyanin content Estimate the percentage of leaf area affected by leaf blast Leaf blast damage amount cm2 g-1 Estimate the proportion of spikelet fertility after exposure to drought Drought estimation spikelet sterility Observe the severity of damage caused by rice whorl maggot Rice whorl maggot damage assessment Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration Grassy stunt 2 disease estimation percent Observe the damages on plants caused by whitebacked planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment field Average - Total leaf number Count number of fully expanded leaves that appeared on representatiove plants from germination to flowering. Take the average number Examine the colour of the pericarp against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Pericarp colour examination Dry matter yield Yield Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per area Aboveground dry matter TDM Calculate from total number of panicles per hill and the area of the hills sampled Calculation - Number of panicles per square meter kilogram per hectare Minor diameter CDMin Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath 2nd elongated culm internode Culm minor diameter - 2nd internode Grassy stunt 1 disease estimation Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration sterile lemma color scale wild Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure stomatal conductance with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Gas exchange stomatal conductance in SITIS platform whitebacked planthopper injury scale field Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per panicle Unfilled spikelets per panicle Unfilled spikelet USpPan Number secondary panicle branching scale bird damage incidence scale bacterial blight damage scale greenhouse Caryopsis width The width of the caryopsis at its widest point at right angles to its length (ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling the grain and before milling) CaryoWdt Caryopsis Width Visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering Ligule color estimation Spikelet Total number of spikelets per panicle Spikelets per panicle Number per panicle SpPan Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Sterile lemma color examination wild Dehull and mill (polish) a sample of grains (paddy). Weigh the whole sample of polished rice, including both whole and broken kernels. Measure the length of 10 randomly selected whole kernels and compute the average. Head rice are all the kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels. Separate and weigh the head rice, and calculate the proportion of head rice out of the total weight of polished rice Head rice proportion SMTwp Water extraction capacity Water extraction capacity Plant Capcaity of the plant to extract water from the soil % Root Surface area RtA Root surface area Total surface area of root system Udbatta disease The type and severity of udbatta disease symptoms caused by Balansia oryzae-sativae (Ephelis oryzae). Symptoms: a white mycelial mat ties the panicle branches together so that they emerge as single, small, cylindrical rods. Incidence Udbatta disease UDInc day Proportion of grains with chalkiness Proportion Chalky dehulled intact grain Proportion of head milled grains with chalkiness PGWC Describes the change in colour of lemmas in response phenol Lemma PhenReac Lemma phenol reaction Phenol reaction fertility restoration scale Cultivated species: grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action Panicle threshability estimation RD Leaves per plant Incidence LodInc Lodging Lodging incidence Describes the tendency of plants to lodge /(fall flat/) Grassy stunt 2 RGSV2Sev Grassy stunt 2 disease The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 2 virus (RGSV2). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, yellow to orange and narrow leaves with small rusty spots Severity Average ligule length Measure the distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule on the penultimate leaf of five plants, and calculate the average centimeter rice tungro disease scale HdR Head rice Head rice Proportion Describes how much of a sample of milled rice comprises whole rather than broken kernels. Head rice is defined as kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels phenotypic acceptability scale Estimate the stunting and discoloration Rice tungro disease estimation FSD Filled spikelet Number of spikelets with filled grains per unit area Filled spikelet density Number per area ligule color scale cult Half-filled spikelet Half-filled spikelets per panicle Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per panicle Number per panicle HFSpPan ligule pubescence scale 1 Culm strength scale RD Take the number of half-filled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100 Calculation - Half-filled spikelet percentage stem elongation scale Estimate presence/absence of knees after flowering in conditions where culms have fallen flat due to receding water flow. Kneeing ability presence Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Grassy stunt 2 disease index Stem Total stem materials content Materials content StTWT Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content of stem ColdSens Sensitivity Cold tolerance Cold Ability of a plant to grow and develop normally under cold conditions. Key periods of sensitivity are during seedling growth, tillering, and flowering Amylose content - NIRS Take a milled rice NIR spectrum and predict the amylose content using chemiometrics. cm2 g-1 The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in soils or other growth medium with high salt content Salt SaltInj Salt injury Injury Brown planthopper biotype 3 injury assessment Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 3 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Observe the colour of the leaf collar against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references Collar color longer sterile lemma length scale g per plot Kneeing ability estimation SES Estimate the tiller angle at the point of kneeing Estimate by eye the average angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical Culm angle estimation 2nd elongated stem internode Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath Stem diameter - 2nd internode StemD Diameter Auricle Color of the auricle Colour AurCol Auricle color sterile lemma color scale cult Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) NRGQASC - Grain thickness The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Panicle blast Severity Panicle blast severity PBSev grams per square meter Fertility restoration This is a compound trait used for F1 hybrids combining the proportion of fertile spikelets at maturity with the proportion of fertile pollen at anthesis Plant Fertility restoration FertRest g Observe the proportion of injured grains per panicle caused by rice bug Rice bug damage assessment Brown planthopper Brown planthopper damage The extent of damage caused by brown planthopper (Nilparvata lugens). Symptoms: Partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy BPHDam Damage Remove leaf sheath and measure wider width of second elongated internodes from the base and take the average Average - Major culm diameter DExs Time to panicle exsertion (from heading) Time elapsed from heading date and date of exsertion of last spikelet Panicle Time to exsertion from heading Flag leaf angle estimation cult early Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) FL1L Length Flag leaf-1 Length of leaf below the flag leaf Flag leaf-1 length anthocyanin below apiculus scale mature StemBorer Damage Stem borer Stem borer damage The extent of damage caused by stem borers, which include Chilo suppressalis (striped), C. polychrysus (dark headed), Rupela albinella (South American white), Scirpophaga incertulas (yellow), S innotata (white), Sesamia inferens (pink), Maliarpha separatella (African whiteheads), Diopsis macrophthalma (Stalked-eyed fly), and several other species Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per hill Tiller number per hill TilHill Number per plant Tiller mg g-1 dry matter Caryopsis length/width ratio scale SES FLpSla Specific area of flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Ratio of pooled flag leaf area to pooled flag leaf dry mass Specific area Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 flowering cold injury scale grams per square meter lemma phenol reaction scale Length GrLng Grain length Length of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea Spikelet Flag leaf temperature FLfT Temperature Flag leaf Flag leaf surface temperature Gall midge injury assessment greenhouse In a greenhouse test, observe the proportion of plants with silver shoots. For the greenhouse test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should show silver shoots cm2 g-1 Take the average of major and minor stem diameters of the second elongated internode from the base Calculation - Stem diameter leaf blast damage scale Leaf blade pubescence estimation wild Wild species: assess the hairiness and the location of hairs on the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards. Shattering Panicle shattering Describes the tendency of grains to fall off the panicle before it is threshed PanSh Panicle stem borer deepwater damage scale stem rot incidence scale Apiculus of lemma Shape Shape of the apiculus of the lemma Apiculus shape ApSh CaryoLng Caryopsis length The length of the caryopsis, ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling (decorticating) the grain and before milling, commonly known as brown rice Length Caryopsis Milled rice rate Dehulled grain after milling and polishing Proportion MRR Proportion of milled and polished (processed) rice obtained from rough rice (grain with hull) Keel anthocyanin immature scale apiculus shape scale Endosperm type assessment Stain polished (milled, white) rice grains with a weak KI-I solution, prepared by mixing 0.1% I2 solution with 0.2% KI solution, and observe the colour of the stained endosperm Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected Bakanae disease incidence estimation Take the ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight Calculation - Flag leaf specific leaf area chalkiness 0-5 scale panicle blast damage scale Estimate visually the presence or absence of a purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf blade anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade Leaf blade anthocyanin presence Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters measured by image analysis Calculation - Culm diameter from image analysis Rice tungro disease estimation - greenhouse Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RTungroSev_Est_0to9 after 4 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored The type and severity of brown spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Bipolaris oryzae, Drechslera oryzae). Symptoms: typical leaf spots are small, oval or circular and dark brown. Larger lesions usually have the same color on the edges but have a pale, usually grayish center. Most spots have a light yellow halo around the outer edge. Brown spot damage BS Brown spot Damage If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet have different lengths, measure the average length of the longer sterile lemma of five spikelets Average sterile lemma length - longer immature lemma and palea colour scale Compute the average diameter of the basal portion of the main culm on three representative plants Average culm diameter Stigma Exsertion Describes the tendency of stigmas to be exserted on one or both sides of the florets StgExers Stigma exsertion Culm total porosity Culm Ratio of aerenchyma and pith area to culm area Total porosity CulmTP Observe growth in saline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores. Salt injury assessment Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis Calculation - Half-filled spikelets per square meter Auricle anthocyanin presence Estimate the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath SDMaj Major diameter 2nd elongated stem internode Stem major diameter - 2nd internode Rice tungro Severity The type and severity of tungro symptoms caused by the Rice tungro virus bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). Symptoms: yellow to yellow orange leaves, stunting and slightly reduced tillering Rice tungro disease RTungroSev leaf scald damage scale % HSpD Half-filled spikelet densty Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per unit area Number Half-filled spikelet collar color scale RD leaf blade anthocyanin distribution scale Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of immature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Anthocyanin below apiculus examination immature GlOp Opening Glume The extent to which the glumes (i.e. the lemma and palea) of a floret open during blooming Glume opening The extent of damage caused by rice delphacid (Sogatodes oryzicola (Tagosodes orizicolus)). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. Rice delphacid Rice delphacid RDelphDam Damage NBLSDam Narrow brown leaf spot damage The type and severity of narrow brown leaf spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Sphaerulina oryzina (Cercospora janseana) Damage Narrow brown leaf spot culm length scale Leaf scald damage Damage Leaf scald The type and severity of leaf scald symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Monographella albescens (Microdochium oryzae). Symptoms: lesions occur mostly near leaf tips, but sometimes start at the margin of the blade and develop into large ellipsoid areas encircled by dark-brown, narrow bands accompanied by a light-brown halo LfScald Diameter Diameter of a cross-section of the root RtD Root diameter Root Average - Flag leaf width Measure width at the widest portion of the leaf below the flag leaf on the main culm. Repeat measurement on representative leaf and take the average width. Stem total structural materials content Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content of stem Non-structural material content Stem StSTR ligule shape scale cult RD Half-filled grain weight Dry weight of a half-filled spikelet, including the hull THfGW Half-filled spikelets Weight culm angle UPOV scale Calculate the number of days between sowing and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Calculation - Days to 50% flowering from sowing Observe the distribution of awned spikelets along a panicle Awn distribution observation Lemma below apiculus BApAnth Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the area just below the apiculus of the lemma Anthocyanin below apiculus Anthocyanin content brown planthopper biotype 1 injury scale Observe growth in soil with toxic concentrations of iron Iron injury assessment leaf blast damage type scale Panicle exsertion male sterile estimation Observe the percentage of the panicle that is inside the flag leaf sheath Calculation - Half-filled spikelet per panicle Calculate from the number of half-filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 percent Ligule margin Shape Ligule margin shape Describes the form of the margin of the ligule LigMargShp Record the actual grain yield grain harvested on a plot. AYLD_CONT method Type PanTyp Panicle type Panicle type, defined by the orientation of primary branches Panicle cm Length of the second internode from the base Int2L Length 2nd elongated culm internode Second internode length Take inverse of stomatal conductance Calculation - Stomatal resistance Panicle axis texture assessment Wild species: assess the texture of the main panicle axis by rubbing fingers from the base towards the tip and assess the smoothness grassy stunt 2 disease scale percent Average - Peduncle length Measure distance between the panicle neck node of the main culm and the panicle base, i.e. uppermost culm node. Repeat measurement on other representative plants and take the average. leaf angle scale Colour Pericarp colour PericCol Colour of the pericarp Pericarp Keel anthocyanin immature examination Examine the colour of the keel of immature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Panicle shattering estimation Observe the extent to which grains have shattered from the panicle before being threshed scale_of Spikelet sterility Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain unfilled grains Sterile spikelet SpkSter Proportion lemma and palea pubescence scale UPOV Panicles per hill Panicle Number per hill PanHill Number of panicles per hill Seedling vigor Assess the vigor of seedlings Drought estimation leaf drying Estimate the extent to which leaves dry on exposure to drought panicle length scale Calculation - Head milled rice rate Calculate as the ratio of head rice weight (kernel longer than or equal to 3/4 full length of a kernel) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 No of chromosomes Clk Describes the extent to which milled (polished, white) rice appears to be a chalky white colour as opposed to translucent white. The chalky appearance arises from the incomplete development of starch grains in the endosperm, which leaves tiny air pockets between starch granules and results in weak grains Chalkiness of endosperm Endosperm Chalkiness Damage LfFolderDam Leaffolder The extent of leaf damage caused by leaffolder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis or Marasmia patnalis). Symptoms: Larvae consume the leaf tissue except the epidermis, causing typical white streaks. They create a leaf tube during later stages of feeding Leaffolder damage Cultivated species: take a random sample of 100 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance 100 grain weight measurement The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of phosphorus in the growing medium Damage Phosphorus deficiency Phosphorus deficiency damage PDef Calculation - Spikelets per square meter Calculate as the sum of filled, half-filled and unfilled spikelets per area Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea after harvest. Mature lemma and palea color Panicle branch arrangement assessment Observe whether primary branches on the panicle axis are grouped into whorls or are borne individually on alternate sides Assess the type of lesion Leaf blast damage type Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test Bacterial blight damage estimation field Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which 80% of the flowering heads have appeared Main flowering date observation Calculation - Flag leaf -1 area Calculate as length times the width of the leaf below the flag leaf, multiplied by a constant (0.725) 1000 grain (14%MC)weight measurement Weigh a random sample of 1000 well-developed, whole grains dried to 14% moisture content Average panicle length - mature Measure the length of main axis of the mature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average alkali injury scale Count the total number of grain-bearing and non-bearing tillers on five plants and calculate the average Culm number measurement per plant Flag leaf area Flag leaf FLA Area Area of the uppermost leaf on the main culm Pith PithA Area Pith area Area of the hollow region of the culm drought grade 1-5 seeding date Date of effective seeding, ie the date when seeds were first moistened This may be the date of soaking for pre-soaked seed, or the date of sowing for dry seed sown onto a wet seedbed, or the date when rain or other moisture becomes available to seed sown dry on a dry seedbed SdDate Seeding date Plant sensed aroma cooked scale Vegetative cold injury Observe effects on vigour and leaf colour of plants grown at 17-18 degrees C before flowering Unfilled spikelet Unfilled spikelets proportion Proportion Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are unfilled UFSpPct SpD Spikelets density Number per area Total number of spikelets per unit area Spikelet Calculate the average length of the awns on 10 randomly selected spikelets Average awn length square millimeter Take subsample of unfilled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain Average - unfilled spikelet weight The type and severity of ragged stunt symptoms caused by rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV). Symptoms: plants are stunted but remain dark green. Leaves are ragged and twisted. Vein swelling on leaf collar, leaf blades and leaf sheaths RaggedStuntSev Severity Ragged stunt Ragged stunt disease Proportion of head rice (kernel longer or equal to 3/4 full length of the kernel) obtained from milling the rough rice (grain with hull) Head milled rice rate Proportion Intact dehulled grain after milling HMRR Proportion Spikelet Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains FSpProp Filled spikelet proportion Arrangement Panicle branch arrangement PanBrArr Panicle branch The arrangement of primary branches on the panicle axis, grouped into whorls or individually on alternate sides If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm internode underlying colour examination gram millimeter maturity scale UPOV Yellow dwarf Yellow dwarf YellowDwarfSev Severity The type and severity of yellow dwarf symptoms caused by a mycoplasma. Symptoms: pale yellow, droopy leaves, excessive tillering and stunting Total porosity ratio Average - Pooled oven dry weight Pool representative flag leaves and leaves below the flag leaf and oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average Caryopsis shape Shape Shape of the caryopsis CaryoShp Caryopsis Gelatinization temperature GelTemp Milled caryopsis Temperature at which the starch in endosperm gelatinizes, one of the key indicators of cooking quality Gelatinization temperature Calculation - Unfilled spikelets per square meter Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis Angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical Angle CulmAng Culm angle Culm Count number of elongated internodes starting from the base of the main culm to the neck node Average - Number of elongated internodes gram Scoring X panicles using the panicle blast damage score, compute panicle blast severity PBS= (10xN1 + 20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/X, where N1-N9 are the number of panicles with score 1-9 Panicle blast severity Calculate as the product of percentage of grain with chalkiness and chalkiness size (area of chalkiness divided by the area of the whole grain). The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing). Calculation - Degree of endosperm chalkiness Basal leaf sheath Colour of the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Basal leaf sheath color Colour BLSCol auricle color scale Length Length of awns AwLng Awn Awn length The extent of damage caused by thrips (Stenchaetothrips biformis) Thrip Damage ThripDam Thrip damage Calculation - Stay-green Take the ratio of number of green leaves at maturity to the number of green leaves at flowering Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the keel of the lemma KeelAnth Anthocyanin content Keel Keel anthocyanin If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm node underlying colour examination ligule color scale wild No scale name found An overall assessment of phenotypic acceptability of the grains for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets Grain PhenAcc Phenotypic Acceptability Phenotypic Acceptability Discoloration by fungal diseases The extent of discoloration of glumes caused by species of Sarocladium, Bipolaris, Alternaria, Gerlachia, Fusarium, Phoma, Curcularia, Trichoconiella, and Pseudomonas. Symptoms: Darkening of glumes of spikelets, brown color to black including rotten glumes. Intensity ranges from sporadic discoloration to discoloration of the whole glume Grain discoloration GrDiscol Grain Time elapsed from date of sowing to initial flowering stage Time to initial flowering (from sowing) Spikelet DiFlwS Time to initial flowering from sowing Bacterial leaf streak damage estimation Estimate the type and severity of damage to leaves LfSen Senescence Leaf Describes how soon leaves senesce Leaf senescence Measure distance from soil surface to base of panicle on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average Average culm length Gel Consistency Gel consistency GelC Describes the consistency of a rice gel formed by grinding, chemically treating, boiling, and cooling a sample of grains. This measures the tendency of cooked rice to harden on cooling, a function of carbohydrate composition Lf Number per plant Leaf total number Total number of fully expanded leaves produced per plant from germination to flowering Leaf Calculation - Straw yield Oven dry straw at 70?C to constant weight and express in a per unit area basis Step 1 (pollen fertility: see pollen sterility score): Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the percentage that are fertile, and score. Step 2 (spikelet fertility): count the number of filled grains andtotal spikelets per panicle and convert into percentage fertile. Score the combination of pollen fertility with spikelet fertility Fertility restoration evaluation BRiceProtCt Brown rice protein content protein content Dehulled grain The concentration of protein in brown (dehulled) rice mature lemma and palea color scale IRRI Average - Tiller number per hill Count all tillers of representative hills and take the average per hill ligule shape scale cult SES g per 1000 spikelets Ash content Ash content in the stem StASH Stem ash content Stem Culm strength estimation - RD Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground seedling cold injury scale gram Estimate the propotion of tillers that are infected Stem rot incidence estimation cm2 cm-2 Spikelets per panicle Awn distribution scale LmPCol Lemma and palea Colour of the lemma and palea Colour Lemma and palea color millimolar trolox equivalent Take sum of sucrose content and starch content from PLS-FTIR analysis Calculation - Nonstructural carbohydrate content Leaffolder adjusted injury rating In a greenhouse test, adjust the unadjusted injury ratings R for test entries by dividing by R for the susceptible check and multiplying by 100% grams per square meter Lemma and palea Colour ornementation Colour ornamentation of the lemma and palea. It characterizes the colours present only on parts of the lemma and palea Lemma and palea color ornementation LmPColOrn centimeter Leaf Total dry weight of leaves per plant Dry weight per plant Leaf dry weight per plant LDWplt Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root volume based on image analysis Image analysis - Root volume using WinRhizo in SITIS platform mg g-1 dry matter culm internode anthocyanin scale Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the length of ten caryopses and calculate the average Caryopsis length measurement Analytical measurement - Protein content Predict protein content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. brown planthopper biotype 3 injury scale Chlorophyll content FLCC Flag leaf Flag leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in the uppermost leaf of the main culm Average - Panicles per hill Count the number of panicles per hill for several hills. Take the average. Stem aerenchyma Number of air spaces in the culm Aerenchyma number Number AerN Average - Green leaf number Count number of green leaves on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average number Awn Thickness Thickness of awns Awn thickness AwThk Udbatta disease incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected submergence survival scale Calculation - Flag leaf -1 specific leaf area Take the ratio of leaf area to leaf dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf No scale name found mg g-1 dry matter Specific porosity Ratio of aerenchyma area to cortex area Culm CulmSP Culm specific porosity ZnDefInj Zinc deficiency Zinc deficiency injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of zinc in the growing medium Injury bacterial leaf streak damage scale The extent of damage caused by whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. Whitebacked planthopper damage Whitebacked planthopper WBPH Damage brown spot damage scale Zinc content Zinc content in grain Milled polished grain Zinc content in polished grain number of tillers square millimeter mm panicle type scale UPOV Number of elongated internodes on the culm Elongated internode number EInt Number Culm internode Ligule Pubescence Presence and distribution of hairs on ligules LigPub Ligule pubescence Area of an air space in a cross-section of the culm Area Aerenchyma area Stem aerenchyma AerA Calculate ratio of total aerenchyma area to culm area Calculation - Partial culm porosity mm Specific area FLSla Flag leaf Ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight Flag leaf specific area brown planthopper injury scale field mg g-1 dry matter Chalkiness visual assessment Polish a sample of rice and evaluate a representative sample visually. Estimate the proportion of the kernel area that appears chalky white, particularly with respect to the belly, the center, and the back. culm node anthocyanin intensity scale Panicle blast Incidence The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains PBInc Panicle blast incidence Stem rot Incidence Stem rot The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by Magnaporthe salvinii (Nakatea sigmoidea, Sclerotium oryzae) and Helminthosporium sigmoideum var. irregulare. Symptoms: dark lesions develop on the stems near the water line. Small, dark bodies (sclerotia) develop, weaken the stem and cause lodging. StmRotInc Awn color examination mature UPOV / IRRI Examine the colour of the awns after harvest against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. PlntHt Plant height defined as distance from the soil surface to the highest point of the plant (panicle or flag leaf) excluding awns Plant height Height Plant Observe growth in alkaline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores. Alkali injury assessment centimeter Sterile lemma shape scale Spikelet fertility score Press spikelets between fingers to check which have filled grains inside. Test five representative panicles to estimate the percentage of spikelets that are filled score Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Fertile pollen grains will be round and well stained, sterile pollen grains will be unstained or partially stained, and withered or round. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the proportion that are sterile Pollen sterility calculation Length Ligule LigLng Ligule length Length of ligule, defined as distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule Specific porosity ratio percent panicle exsertion scale millimeter Observe growth in a growing medium with a deficiency of zinc Zinc deficiency injury assessment Stomatal conductance Rate of passage of water vapor through the leaf Stomata Water vapor conductance Gs alkali digestion scale Average - Canopy height Measure distance from soil surface to top level of the canopy of representative plants and take the average day flag leaf angle scale cult early Time of 50% heading estimation Estimate the earliness of the heading in plots, defining time of heading as the date when 50% of plants have panicles halfway emerged Lodging incidence estimation Observe the proportion of plants that are lodged at harvest Unfilled spikelets density Unfilled spikelet USpD Number per area Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per unit area apiculus color scale mature thrips damage scale Weight per area UFSpY Dry weight of unfilled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis Unfilled spikelets weight per area Spikelet Shape Sterile lemma Shape of the sterile lemmas LemaShp Sterile lemma shape Image analysis - Root surface area using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root surface area based on image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length. Surface area is calculated from root diameter and length assuming the root has a round cross-section. Caryopsis length UPOV scale Width FlgLfWdt Flag leaf Width of the uppermost leaf of the main culm Flag leaf width SPAD unit Spikelet Width of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point GrWdt Grain width Width Caryopsis width measurement Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the width of ten caryopses at their widest point at right angles to its length and calculate their average Measure the distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch on five representative panicles and calculate their average Average panicle distance to basal branch Green leafhopper injury assessment field Observe the damage on the seedlings caused by green leafhopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage mmol H2O m-2 s-1 Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains Average grain width CulmLng Length Culm Culm length Length of the main culm (stem), defined as the distance from the soil surface to the base of the panicle PanT Temperature Panicle temperature Panicle surface temperature Panicle RatDam Damage Rat Rat damage The extent of damage caused by rats. Symptoms: the tiller is cut at a 45 degrees angle. Damage is typically heavier in the center of a crop (stadium effect). A tiller cut through by a rodent is likely to regrow, if this is after maximum tillering then the regrown tiller is unlikely to produce panicles prior to harvest. Often the regrown, but non productive, tillers are not scored as rodent damage. seedling vigor scale Observe the attitude of the main axis of the panicle Panicle axis observation Gel consistency lab measurement Place 0.1g ground rice in a test tube with thymol blue (0.025% in ethanol, 0.2 ml) and KOH (0.2N, 2 ml). Shake the tube to mix contents, boil (8 min), rest (5 min) and then place in an ice-bath (15 min). Lay cooled tubes flat on graph paper for 1 hour, and then measure the distance that the gel travels . Included standards, as the age of the rice, degree of milling and operator skill affect reproducibility: IR48 (85?90 mm), IR32 (72-75 mm) and IR42 (30-32 mm). spikelet fertility scale SES LfAng Leaf angle Position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base Leaf Angle cm Wall carbohydrate content Stem StCWC Cell wall carbohydrate content in the stem Stem cell wall carbohydrate content kg per ha Panicles per m2 Calculate from the filled grain weight and number of filled grains on an area basis Calculation - Filled spikelet per square meter Mature lemma and palea ornamentation Visually determinate the colour ornamentation of (i.e. colours present only on parts of) the lemma and palea at maturity Brown rice rate Proportion Dehulled grain after milling Proportion of brown rice (dehulled grains) obtained from rough rice (hulled grain) BRR Calculation - Leaf sheath thickness Take the difference between the stem diameter and culm diameter and divide this by 2 Spikelet Spikelet fertility The proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains SpkFer Fertility Sterility MaleSter Pollen sterility Male pollen The degree of male (pollen) sterility Take the number of days to flowering and add 30 days Calculation - Days to maturity Aboveground dry matter Weight per plant Total dry matter per plant Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per plant TDMplt Culm porosity Culm Ratio of pith area to culm area CulmP Porosity Average awn thickness Measure the average thickness of 10 representative spikelets, 1 cm from the apiculus of the spikelet. Leaf folder injury assessment field Use an augmented experimental design, with a susceptible and resistant check (if available) after every 10 test entries. Replicate test entries three times if seed is available. Observe the proportion of plants with injured and folded leaves. The susceptible check should average at least 40% to accept the test as a measure of resistance Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea. In the case of awned varieties, measure to a point comparable to the tip of the apiculus, i.e. excluding the awn. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains Average grain length No scale name found Starch content in the stem Starch content Stem Stem starch content StSTA Measure the average length of the sterile lemmas of five spikelets. If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet differ in length, measure only the shorter one. Average sterile lemma length - shorter Proportion SGr Stay-green Proportion of leaves that stayed green until the maturity stage Green leaf Mature apiculus anthocyanin examination Examine the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin method_of Calculate the number of days between the heading date and the date of exsertion of the last spikelet Calculation - Days to panicle exsertion abortion pattern scale SubTol Submergence The ability of plants to survive a period of submergence Tolerance Submergence tolerance g per 1000 spikelets Time to flowering from sowing Time to flowering (from sowing) Time elapsed from date of sowing to flowering stage DFlwS Spikelet Estimate the proportion of plants with panicles showing symptoms Hoja blanca reproductive disease estimation Time of 50% heading scale Calculate the average of major and minor pith diameters of the second internode from the base Calculation - Pith diameter leaffolder injury scale greenhouse Take the number of unfilled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100 Calculation - Unfilled spikelet percentage rat damage incidence scale ragged stunt disease scale Take the ratio of the pooled flag leaf area and the pooled flag leaf oven dry weight Calculation - Specific leaf area of pooled flag leaf Ligule LigShp Shape of the ligule Ligule shape Shape Estimate by observing all leaves below the flag leaf for their retention of greenness when the grains are ready for harvesting Leaf senescence harvest estimation Amylose content of milled rice as a proportion or percentage of the total amount of rice Amylose content AmyCt Milled caryopsis amylose content Calculation - Milled rice rate Calculate as the ratio of milled rice weight to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 glume opening scale Anther colour examination Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the anthers when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Use 3-digit scale codes for common scoring system across all colour traits Leaf surface temperature Leaf temperature Temperature Leaf LfT Examine the shape (pointed, curved) of the apiculus Apiculus shape examination SDMin Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath Stem minor diameter - 2nd internode 2nd elongated stem internode Minor diameter Straw dry matter weight (ie aboveground dry matter without the grains) per area Straw yield Straw Yield StDM mm Awn color examination immature Examine the colour of the awns after anthesis against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Calculation - Grain length to width ratio Take ratio of grain length to grain width Count the number of panicles on representative plants and compute the average Average - Panicles per plant Tillers per plant Take representative panicles, measure temperature near panicle surface with an infrared gun and take the average Average - Panicle temperature yellow dwarf disease scale Nonstructural carbohydrate content in the stem StNSC Stem Non-structural carbohydrate content Stem total nonstructural carbohydrate content Panicle axis Texture of the main axis of the panicle Texture PanAxText Panicle axis texture Manual measurement - ORAC assay Take leaf sap from youngest fully expanded leaves, trolox equivalent of samples obtained by regression equation with trolox standard Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are half-filled Proportion Half-filled spikelet HFSpPct Half-filled spikelets proportion Bacterial blight damage estimation greenhouse Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a greenhouse test day sensed aroma uncooked scale Code CulmDiam Culm diameter - 1st internode 1st elongated culm internode Diameter of basal portion (ie 1st elongated internode) of the main culm Diameter centimeter The proportion and distribution of awned spikelets on a panicle Awn Distribution AwDist Awn distribution Culm Culm number CulmNo Number Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers after full heading gel consistency scale % Specific area Ratio of area to dry weight of the leaf below the flag leaf FL1Sla Flag leaf-1 specific leaf area Flag leaf-1 Alkali Alkali injury Injury AlkInj The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in alkaline soils millimeter Leaf blast The type and severity of leaf blast symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms are necrotic lesions on the leaves, in severe cases leading to leaf death LfBlastDam Damage Leaf blast damage flag leaf angle scale cult late grams per square meter Leaf scald damage estimation Estimate the proportion and distribution of leaf area diseased Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh. Weighing - filled grain weight Length PedL Peduncle length Peduncle Length of the stalk bearing the panicle Zinc content - XRF fluorescence analyser Use standard laboratory procedure (XRF- Fluorescence Analyzer) to determine the zinc content in a sample of polished grain. The recommended sample size is 10g. Caryopsis length SES Measure and score the length of the caryopsis Calculation - Spikelets per panicle Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 (= SPM2/PANM2) Aerenchyma Calculation - Relative flag leaf size Take the ratio of flag leaf area to area of the leaf below the flag leaf anther colour scale Spikelet Total number of spikelets per hill Number per hill SpHill Spikelets per hill FL1W Width of leaf below the flag leaf Width Flag leaf-1 width Flag leaf-1 leaf blade greenness scale millimeter Number of primary branches on the basal whorl of the panicle Panicle basal branch PanN Number Panicle basal branch number rice delphacid injury scale greenhouse Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice Ligule margin shape determination gram awn color scale anthesis UPOV Rhizome formation observation Wild species: observe the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers around the base of a potted plant when it is ready for harvest Estimate the % of leaf area that have been scraped by case worms Case worm damage assessment Root volume Root Volume RtV Total volume of root system Take yield per plant and multiply with plants density Calculation - Grain yield from plant density Calculation - Culm diameter Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters Sterility cause MaleSterGp Male sterility group Male pollen A classification of male sterility according to the type or cause of sterility Water vapor resistance Rs Inverse of stomatal conductance Stomata Stomatal resistance Panicles per hill Amount of grain (weight) produced per one plant Grain yield per plant Weight per plant GYplt Spikelet Thickness of the leaf sheath surrounding the stem LfST Leaf sheath Thickness Leaf sheath thickness anthocyanin below apiculus scale immature Kernel smut incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected leaf angle scale Culm internode anthocyanin examination Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm degree of deformation CDef Culm Deformation Flatness of the culm Severity The type and severity of hoja blanca disease symptoms caused by rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV) causing hoja blanca. Symptoms: cream colored to yellow spots, elongating and coalescing fo form longitudinal yellowish green to pale green striations. Streaks may coalesce to cover the whole leaf. Brown and sterile glumes with typical parrot beak shape of deformation Hoja blanca HojaBlancaSev Hoja blanca disease Flag leaf angle estimation wild Wild species: 7 days after anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves case worm damage scale Formation Rhizome and stolon formation Rhizome/stolon Describes the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers in the mature plant RhyzForm Wild species: assess the presence/absence of hairs on the leaf margin Leaf margin pubescence degrees C The ability of a stem, after it has fallen flat e.g. after floodwater recedes, to start growing upright from a young node (the knee)) and bear panicles, typically an ability expressed by deepwater varieties (applicable only in conditions where culms have fallen flat) kneeing ability Stem KneeAb Kneeing ability Cultivated species: visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering. Ligule color estimation - cultivated Calculate as the ratio of brown rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls removed) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Calculation - Brown rice rate 2nd elongated culm internode Diameter Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath CulmD Culm diameter - 2nd internode Calculation - Tiller number per unit area Calculate from total number of tillers per hill and the area of the hills sampled Place hulls from 10 grains into a petri dish of 5 cm diameter, add 5 ml of 1.5% phenol solution, cover the petri dish, and keep at room temperature for 1 day. Observe the intensity of the reaction of the phnol on the lemmas Lemma phenol reaction awn length scale cult Ragged stunt disease index Score RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9 5 weeks after inoculation in the greenhouse, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored . culm internode anthocyanin presence scale Distance between the perimeter of the hollow pith and the epidermis CwallT Culm wall Width Culm wall thickness millimeter square millimeter 1000 grain weight scale Diameter of the narrower portion of pith Pith PDMin Diameter Pith minor diameter Yield measurement Harvest grain from at least 5 m2/plot, discarding at least three border rows. Thresh, dry the rough (paddy) rice to 14% moisture content, and weigh. Colour ApCol Apiculus color Apiculus of lemma Color of the apiculus of the lemma Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of hills per m2 Calculation - Spikelets per hill culm angle SES scale Damage Rice bug RBugDam The extent of plant damage caused by rice bug (Leptocorisa oratorisa). Rice bug damage mm flag leaf angle scale wild PanAxAtt Attitude Panicle axis attitude The attitude of the main axis of the panicle, which ranges from straight upright to droopy Panicle axis DMatT Time to maturity from transplanting Spikelet Time elapsed from date of transplanting to physiological maturity stage Time to maturity (from transplanting) ligule shape scale wild Awn presence on wild species Wild species: while the spikelets are maturing, observe the presence of awns Type Endosperm type Endosperm A broad classification of the type of endosperm based on the presence or absence of amylose EndoType grassy stunt 1 disease scale Number per plant Tiller TillNo Tiller number per plant Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers arising from the base of each plant Length Length of sterile lemmas Sterile lemma length StrLmLng Sterile lemma Average - Flag leaf-1 length Measure length of representative leaves below the flag leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade. Take the average length Tillers per hill LfBladPub Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade Leaf blade Pubescence Leaf blade pubescence Panicle number per plant Number per plant Panicle Number of panicles per plant PanNo grams per day Use standard laboratory procedure to measure the protein content of brown rice grains at 14% moisture content Brown rice protein content Calculate the number of days between transplanting and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Calculation - Days to flowering from transplanting Average leaf width Measure width at the widest portion of the penultimate leaf on the main culm of five representative plants. Calculate average Predict starch content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Starch content millimeter Yellow mottle The type and severity of yellow mottle disease symptoms caused by rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV). Symptoms: stunting, reduced tillering, mottling and yellowing streaking of the leaves, delayed flowering or incomplete emergence of the panicles, in extreme cases, death of plants Yellow mottle disease Severity YellowMottleSev Awn presence Presence of awns AwPres Awn Presence gall midge injury scale greenhouse Plant FlwDate Flowering date Date of flowering flowering date Calculate as length times the width of the uppermost leaf on the main culm, multiplied by a constant (0.725) Calculation - Flag leaf area Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 2 Bacterial blight race 2 damage estimation field Spikelet Time to flowering (from transplanting) Time elapsed from date of transplanting to flowering stage Time to flowering from transplanting DFlwT Green leaf Number per plant Green leaf number GLf Number of green leaves on the main culm Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf temperature with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Leaf surface temperature in SITIS platform Estimate the proportion of tillers that show visible symptoms of infection Ufra incidence estimation flowering heat injury scale drought recovery scale Observe the presence or absence of awns on maturing spikelets Awn presence Grain length score square meter per second per mol of water count mm Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the stigmata when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare the colour against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Stigma color examination rhizome formation scale 1 Abortion pattern AP Describes the stage at which pollen grains abort in male sterile lines. Abortion pattern Pollen Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis Calculation - Spikelets unfilled weight on area basis Anthocyanin content Collar anthocyanin Collar Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the collars CollAnth Glume opening angle Collect 5-10 blooming florets of a male sterile line from different plants and measure the average angle of the opening between glumes (viz., lemma and palea) HI Plant Harvest index Biomass partionning Ratio of grain yield to total aboveground biomass mature lemma and palea color scale UPOV gram Calculation - Days to physiological maturity from sowing Calculate the number of days between sowing and physiological maturity (i.e. when the grain is hard and ready for harvest) Analytical measurement - Sucrose content Predict sucrose content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. leaf blade pubescence scale IRRI cult Grain yield Amount of grain (weight) produced per area Yield GY Spikelet View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the average area of the air spaces in the culm Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma area Dry weight Flag leaf-1 dry weight Flag leaf-1 FL1Dw Dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf Analytical measurement - Ash content Predict ash content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Brown planthopper injury assessment field Observe the damage on the plants caused by brown planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Flowering cold injury Observe effects on spikelet fertility, heading and growth of plants grown at 17-18 degrees during flowering immature apiculus color IRRI scale culm diameter scale UPOV Panicle dry weight per plant Weight per plant Panicle Panicle dry weight per plant PDWplt culm node anthocyanin presence scale Endosperm type scale Average flag leaf width Measure width at the widest portion of the flag leaf on five representative plants. Calculate average degree Celsius Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the leaf margin Leaf margin pubescence Pubescence LfMargPub Leaf margin Spikelets per panicle Distance from soil surface to top of canopy Canopy height Height Canopy CanH male sterility scale 1/ oven dry the harvested grains to constant dry weight. 2/ Derive the grain yield from the panicle density, the 1000-grain weight, the number of filled spikelets per panicle or spikelets per panicle and filled spikelet percentage Calculation - Grain yield from components of yield Dry aboveground plant parts, excluding panicles. Weigh and take the average weight per plant Average - Straw yield Stem dry weight SDWplt Mass Total dry weight of stem and sheath per plant Stem Abortion pattern estimation Collect florets and fix in 3:1 Acetic acid:alcohol solution. Squeeze out pollen grains under a drop of acetocarmine stain, observe under a microscope at 10x10 magnification, and estimate the predominant staining behavior and number of nuclei visible Flag leaf Flag leaf length FlgLfLng Length Length of the uppermost leaf of the main culm Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area and pith area to the culm area Calculation - Total culm porosity mm centimeter mm Filled spikelet Number of spikelets with a filled grain per panicle Filled spikelets per panicle Number per panicle FSpPan Examine the colour of the apiculus of immature lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references Immature apiculus color examination bacterial blight damage scale field count % of plants that lodged leaffolder single leaf injury scale Manual measurement - Gas exchange photosynthetic rate in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure photosynthetic rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) awn length scale wild Observe plant growth and rate level of drought symptoms Estimation - overall drought symptoms PS Photosynthetic rate Photosynthetic rate Leaf Carbon dioxide assimilation rate of the leaf Rat damage incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of plants that are damaged by rats Observe the shape of the caryopsis in lateral view Caryopsis shape UPOV Days Area of the leaf below the flag leaf Flag leaf-1 area Flag leaf-1 Area FL1A Diameter Width of air spaces in the culm Aerenchyma diameter Stem aerenchyma AerD stigma exsertion scale Assess pubescence (hairiness) of the ligules under a hand lens. Ligule pubescence estimation percent Take the average stem aerenchyma area and multiply by the stem aerenchyma number Calculation - Total aerenchyma area Monitor daily , note the date when 80-85% of grains on panicles are mature, and count the number of days lapsed since the date of effective seeding Maturity days after seeding millimeter Time elapsed from date of transplanting to initial flowering stage DiFlwT Spikelet Time to initial flowering (from transplanting) Time to intitial flowering from transplanting grain discoloration incidence scale Estimate the proportion of germinated seeds Seed germination 1 g per 1000 spikelets Spikelets per panicle hoja blanca vegetative disease scale Brown planthopper biotype 1 injury assessment Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 1 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) stem borer whitehead damage scale Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight, weigh and take the average leaf weight Average - Leaf dry weight Wild species: using a calliper or photo-enlarger, measure the average of 10 representative grains Average grain thickness awn color scale mature UPOV The weight of a whole grain including the hull GrnWt Weight Grain weight Spikelet mm Dry weight of half-filled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis HFSpY Spikelet Half-filled spikelet weight per area Weight per area Rice delphacid injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on seedlings Sterile lemma color Sterile lemma Colour Colour of the sterile lemmas StrLmCol gram GrThk Thickness Thickness of grain with hull Spikelet Grain thickness Estimate the orientation of primary branches on representative panicles by comparing them with a diagram of the categories or with photographs of the reference variety for each category Panicle type assessment Describes the extent of outcrossing of male sterile lines Plant OutXExt Outcrossing extent Outcrossing extent awn presence scale UPOV Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root diameter based on image Winrhyzo analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length. Image analysis - Root diameter using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Keel anthocyanin mature scale day Color of the ligule Colour LigCol Ligule Ligule color Correct the oven-dried grain yield to 14% moisture content Calculation -grain yield correction to 14% moisture content pollen sterility scale square centimeter The type and severity of false smut symptoms caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. Symptoms: Infected grains are transformed into yellow-greenish or greenish-black velvety-looking spore balls. FSmut False smut False smut Incidence Calculation - Culm porosity Calculate the ratio of pith area to culm area Colour of the awns, if present AwCol Awn color Awn Colour Average - Minor culm diameter Remove leaf sheath and measure narrower width of the second elongated internode from the base and take the average culm internode underlying colour scale Cultivated species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of three representative plants Average culm diameter - cultivated species Oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and weigh the panicles of representative plants and take the average Average - Panicle dry weight per plant GFR Dry mass accumulated per panicle per unit of time Spikelet Filling rate Grain filling rate sheath rot incidence scale Tillers per m2 FlgLfAng Flag leaf Flag leaf angle Angle The angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis Stem StPRO Protein content in the stem Stem protein content Protein content Chalkiness Cervitec assessment Polish a sample of rice and quantify chalkiness automatically using a duly calibrated Cervitec instrument square millimeter Average - Major stem diameter Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the wider portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter. whitebacked planthopper injury scale greenhouse ApAnth Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of the lemma Anthocyanin content Apiculus anthocyanin Apiculus of lemma gram per plant Flag leaf dry weight FLDw Flag leaf Dry weight Dry weight of the uppermost leaf on the main culm number of panicles per plant scale Anther length Anther Length Anther length AnLt Caryopsis length SES scale % Vapourise the main component of aroma in rice (2AP: 2-acetyl-1pyrroline)) by adding 10 ml of a 1.7% solution of KOH to 2 g of freshly harvested decorticated grains. Smell the aroma after ten minutes Sensed aroma uncooked degree Celsius Measure length of the flag leaf, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average Average flag leaf length Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which first flush of flowering heads appear First heading date observation StEXT Extractives content Stem extractives content Total stem extractives content in the stem Stem ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) Tillering scale PanD Number Number of panicles per unit area Panicle Panicle density Internodes Green leafhopper damage The extent of damage caused by green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix cincticeps). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. Damage GLhDam Green leafhopper Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm node anthocyanin distribution cm kneeing ability presence scale millimeter % Dry weight Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Pooled dry weight of the flag leaf and the leaf below it Dry weight of flag leaf and flag leaf-1 FLpDw Sucrose content StSUC Stem sucrose content Stem Sucrose content in the stem KSmut Kernel smut Kernel smut Incidence The type and severity of kernel smut symptoms caused by Tilletia barclayana causing kernel smut. Time to flowering (from emergence) DFlwE Time elapsed from date of emergence to flowering stage Time to flowering from emergence Spikelet % Compute the length/width ratio Caryopsis length:width ratio SES rice bug damage scale gram per plant Average - Oven dry weight Oven dry representative flag leaf -1 at 70degC to constant weight and weigh. Take the average weight Count only the number of panicles with lesions covering completely around the node, neck or lower part of the panicle axis (symptom type 7-9), and estimate their percentage Panicle blast incidence Grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action Panicle threshability estimation SES mm For deepwater rice, make dissections of 20 or more tillers per plot or row after heading, count the numbers of infested tillers and estimate the proportion of infested tillers Stem borer deepwater damage assessment basal leaf sheath color scale 1 percent ufra incidence scale drought scale spikelet sterility Sterile lemma shape Examine the shape of sterile lemmas Wild species: estimate visually the colour of ligules at anthesis. Ligule color estimation - wild culm diameter scale cult Count the number of unfilled spikelets per panicle of representative panicles and then take the average Averaged Manual measurement - Unfilled spikelet number per panicle Observe the abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle, and by referring to a diagram of standards Secondary panicle branching observation percent Anthocyanin below apiculus examination mature Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin g centimeter AnCo Colour of anther Colour Anther colour Anther Grain width UPOV estimation Measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point ? No info in SES on how to identify the group Male sterility group assignment iron injury scale basal leaf sheath anthocyanin scale Area Culm Cross-sectional area of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath CulmA Culm area Seedling cold injury Observe the vigor, leaf colour and damage to seedlings grown at 10 degrees C DhtRecov The extent to which plants recover when soaked with water after exposure to drought. The extent of recovery depends strongly on the severity of drought. Drought Recovery Drought recovery count Count all productive tillers in representative plants and take the average Average - Productive tiller number per plant Anthocyanin content Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade Leaf blade Leaf blade anthocyanin LfBladAnth Measure the height of 10 seedlings from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade, and calculate the average Average seedling height kernel smut incidence scale millimeter Take the total dry weight of straw, rachis, and grain (filled and unfilled) and express on a per unit area Calculation - Total dry matter Greenhouse screening: divide the % of plants that survive submergence by the survival of the tolerant control variety e.g. FR13A, and express as a percentage Submergence relative survival assessment panicle length UPOV scale Panicle branch arrangement scale awn color scale immature IRRI Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis Calculation - Spikelets half-filled weight on area basis Number Chromosome number Chromosome The number of chromosomes in the nucleus ChrNo Anthocyanin content Culm node anthocyanin Purplish markings, if any, on nodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin CulmNodAnth Culm node Lemma and palea Describes the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemma and palea LmPPub Lemma and palea pubescence Pubescence narrow brown leaf spot scale Tiller fertility FerTil Fertile tiller Proportion Proportion of reproductive tillers Heat Heat injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high temperature. The key period of sensitivity is during flowering Sensitivity HeatSens cm Antioxydant activity Antioxidant activity of leaf extracts ORAC Leaf Oxygen radical absorbance capacity Flag leaf relative size FLsizeR Relative size Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Size (area) of the flag leaf relative to the size (ie area) of the leaf below it % Leaffolder unadjusted injury rating In a greenhouse test where NT leaves have been scored using the single leaf injury score, calculate the injury rating R = (N1 + 2xN2 + 3xN3)x100% / (NTx3), where N1-N3 are the number of leaves with score 1-3 pericarp colour IRRI scale Analytical measurement - Cell wall carbohydrate composition Predict cell wall carbohydrate composition using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Take ratio of grain yield to total dry matter per area Calculation - Harvest index Leaf blade greenness Visually estimate the penultimate leaf blade for the intensity of greenness. Outcrossing calculation Grow the male sterile line in the field, ensuring an abundant supply of pollen from other plants while it is flowering. Calculate the proportion of seed set on the out-pollinated primary panicles millimeter ligule margin shape scale Estimate the proportion of young plants with leaves showing symptoms Hoja blanca vegetative disease estimation Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damages on seedlings Near grain maturity, observe the proportion of panicles that have whiteheads. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 10% of panicles with whiteheads Stem borer whitehead damage assessment cm Seedling height Height SeedlHt Height of seedlings, measured from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade Seedling Grain discoloration incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of glumes that are discoloured Describes the aroma of rice grains Scent Caryopsis Scent Sct hoja blanca reproductive disease scale Estimate the severity of damage caused by thrips Thrips damage assessment apiculus color SES scale Take flag leaf of randomly selected plants and do multiple SPAD readings from tip to base of the leaf. Manual measurement - SPAD meter reading Leaf blade anthocyanin distribution Estimate the penultimate leaf blade for distribution of any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade. Calculation - Grain yield per plant Derive grain weight per plant from number of productive panicles per plant, 1000-grain weight, and number filled spikelets per panicle. Alkali digestion estimation An indirect indicator of approximate gelatinization temperature. Incubate six milled rice grains (kernels) for 23h in 10ml of 1.7% KOH. Score individual kernels, without averaging Male sterility estimation Examine pollen grains under a microscrope and estimate the proportion that are sterile Measure five anthers exposed at anthesis and calculate their average Anther length measurement Using a hand lens, visually assess and evaluate the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemmas and paleas Lemma and palea pubescence evaluation Number of panicles per plant estimation Estimate the average number of panicles per plant. leaf blade anthocyanin presence scale awn color scale immature SES Image analysis - Minor pith diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the narrower portion of the culm pith Phenotypic acceptability estimation Before starting to score phenotypic acceptability, define what is excellent, good ... unacceptable grain for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets, and then score the phenotypic acceptability of mature grain Length PanLng Length of panicle defined as the distance from the base to the tip of the panicle when the main axis of the panicle is held straight Panicle length Panicle Damage Bacterial blight damage The type and severity of bacterial blight symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Symptoms: lesions usually start near the leaf tip or leaf margins or both, and extend down the outer edge(s). Young lesions are pale green to grayish green, later turning yellow to gray (dead) with time. In very susceptible varieties, lesions may extend to the entire leaf length into the leaf sheath Bacterial blight BBDam Ragged stunt disease estimation Estimate the type and severity of symptoms Measure weight of filled grains from primary and secondary panicles harvested on one plant. Repeat measurement on representative plants. Take the average Average - Grain yield per plant seedling height scale Brown spot damage estimation Estimate the % leaf area diseased Tiller Tiller density TilD Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per unit area Number per area Case worm damage Damage The extent of plant damage caused by caseworm (Nymphula depunctalis). Symptoms: only the papery upper epidermis of the leaf remains after larvae have fed on the internal leaf tissue CaseWormDam Caseworm Leaf blade greenness Intensity of greenness on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade, if visible under any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin LfBladGreen Leaf blade Greeness Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice Ligule shape determination leaf folder injury scale field Cultivated species: measure the length of the longest awn Longest awn length Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of represenrtative plants and calculate the average Plant height average percent gall midge injury scale field millibars Spikelet sterility calculation Bag two primary panicles of at least 50 plants with glassine bags before their anthesis begins to prevent cross pollination. At maturity, count the filled (fertile) and unfilled (sterile) spikelets of the bagged panicles, calculate the proportion that are sterile CulmNodUndCol Culm node Colour of nodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings Culm node underlying colour Underlying colour Damage Gall midge damage The extent of plant damage caused by gall midge (Orseolia oryzae). Symptoms: light-colored tubular galls resembling an onion leaf on the youngest leaf of the shoot in a tiller. GallMidgeDam Gall midge gram per plant Total lignin content in the stem Stem total lignin content Lignin content Stem StLIG Culm internode Colour of internodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings Underlying colour Culm internode underlying colour CulmINodUnderCol Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of brown planthoppers and observe the damage on the seedlings Brown planthopper injury assessment greenhouse bacterial blight race 1 damage scale field Culm wall CwallA Area of the culm wall Area Culm wall area Partial porosity ratio Colour Collar color CollCol Colour of the leaf collar Collar pericarp colour UPOV scale Color of stigma Colour StgmCol Stigma color Stigma panicle threshability scale SES Culm node anthocyanin presence Estimate the presence/absence of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm. brown planthopper injury scale greenhouse Predict total stem extractives content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra Analytical measurement - Total stem extractives content Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 1 Bacterial blight race 1 damage estimation field Leaf angle Estimate the position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base Cook freshly harvested grains and smell the aroma Sensed aroma cooked Strength Culm Culm strength CulmStr The stiffness of the culm and its resilience to being bent over square centimeter Average - half-filled spikelet weight Take subsample of half-filled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain Examine the colour of the apiculus of maturing lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references Mature apiculus color examination grams per square meter Coleoptile Coleoptile anthocyanin Purple pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the coleoptile Anthocyanin content ColeoAnth Caryopsis width scale Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of the plant Plant height measurement Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma number View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to count the number of air spaces in the culm Predict lignin content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Lignin content Basal leaf sheath Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin Anthocyanin content Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath BLSAnth No scale name found millimeter stem borer deadheart damage scale Grassy stunt 1 Grassy stunt 1 disease Severity The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 1 virus (RGSV1). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with small rusty spots RGSV1Sev green leafhopper injury scale field Ligule shape determination - cultivated Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice Manual measurement - Panicle exsertion Measure distance between the base of the flag leaf and the panicle neck node, there is positive exertion if the panicle base is above the flag leaf base and a negative exsertion if otherwise. mg g-1 dry matter awn color scale mature IRRI Green leaves per plant TilProd Reproductive tiller Number per plant Productive tiller number per plant Total number of productive tillers arising from the base of each plant salt injury scale Damage The extent of plant damage caused by rice whorl maggot (Hydrellia philippina). Symptoms: maggots eat the leaf margins causing conspicuous injury and sometimes stunting of plants RWhorlMaggDam Rice whorl maggot Rice whorl maggot damage ligule shape scale UPOV Stem elongation estimation Estimate the ability of stems to elongate based on comparison with check varieties. Specify water depth under which the data was recorded Stigma exsertion calculation Count the number of florets that have completed anthesis on a given day and the number of those florets that have exserted stigma on one or both sides of the floret. Calculate the proportion of florets with exserted stigma Bird damage Bird The extent of damage caused by birds. Damage BirdDam grams per square meter grain width UPOV scale Unfilled grain weight Unfilled spikelets Weight Dry weight of an unfilled spikelet, including the hull TUfGW culm diameter scale wild Calculation - Soil moisture tension at wilting point Derive from the soil moisture retention (pF) curve using the soil moisture content at wilting point. basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence scale Calculation - Filled spikelet per panicle Calculate from the number of filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 leaf blade pubescence scale UPOV Describes the ease with which grains are removed from the panicle during threshing Panicle Panicle threshability PanThr Threshability Take the number of filled spikelets and divide by the total number of spikelets per panicle, multiply by 100 Calculation - Filled spikelet percentage Leaf Sub-stomatal cavity carbon dioxide concentration Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration CI CO2 Concentration culm node underlying colour scale Place non-dormant grains on moistened filter paper and cover with a petri-dish lid during germination. After the coleoptiles have reached a length of about 5 mm in darkness, place them in artificial light (daylight equivalent) at 750-1250 lux continuously for 3 to 4 days, at a temperature of 25 to 30 degrees Centigrade. Observe colour when the coleoptile is fully with first leaf just emerging (about 6 to 7 days) Coleoptile anthocyanin evaluation Injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high (toxic) iron content in the growing medium Iron toxicity injury IronInj Iron toxicity Panicle blast damage estimation Observe the damage to panicles Spikelets per panicle The type and severity of sheath blight symptoms caused by Thanethoporus cucumeris (Rhizoctonia solani). Symptoms: ellipsoidal, necrotic grayish-green lesions, which may enlarge and coalesce with other lesions, initially on lower leaf sheaths Relative height Sheath blight Sheath blight ShBltInc Estimate the extent of leaf rolling on exposure to drought Drought estimation leaf rolling vegetative vigor scale outcrossing scale Time to maturity Plant TMat Maturity Time elapsed from effective seeding date to grain ripening defined as when 80-85% of grains on panicle are mature (growth stage 9) Panicle exsertion PanExs Extent to which the panicle is exserted above (i.e. protrudes from), as opposed to being enclosed within, the flag leaf sheath Panicle Exsertion Average panicle length - immature Measure the length of main axis of the immature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average SdGerm The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis. Seed germination Germination Seed submergence relative survival scale Auricle color examination Examine the colour of the auricles against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Calculate the number of days between transplanting and initial flowering dates Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom transplanting Leaf length Length Leaf LfLng Length of penultimate leaf blade day Field evaluation: estimate the proportion of plants that survive submergence after floodwater recedes. Record the duration of submergence Submergence survival assessment GLWR Grain Grain length to width ratio Ratio of grain length to grain width Length to width ratio Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence Observe the presence and intensity of any purplish colour that can be attributed to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath day Cultivated species: assess the hairiness of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards Leaf blade pubescence panicle axis scale UPOV Calculation - Specific culm porosity Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area to cortex area millimeter bakanae disease incidence scale Observe the damages on plants caused by rice delphacid. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Rice delphacid injury assessment field mg g-1 dry matter phosphorus deficiency tillering field scale Take flag leaf and measure temperature near leaf surface with an infrared gun Manual measurement - Flag leaf temperature Calculate culm area minus the pith area Calculation - Culm wall area Observe the intensity of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm. Culm node anthocyanin intensity Damage The type and severity of bacterial leaf streak symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. Symptoms: linear lesions with small bacterial exudates Bacterial leaf streak damage BLS Bacterial leaf streak millimeter The extend to which grains elongate during cooking. High elongation is typical of basmati types of rice Grain Elongation Grain elongation GrElong mm Assess the vigor of plants in early vegetative stage Vegetative vigor yellow stem borer deadheart damage scale Average leaf length Measure length of the penultimate leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average Brown planthopper biotype 2 injury assessment Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 2 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the cross-sectioned culm Image analysis - Culm area mol H2O m-2 s-1 Root Root length RtL Total root length Length Estimate the relative lesion height, as the average height above the soil of the uppermost lesion on a leaf blade or leaf sheath expressed as a percentage of the average plant height. Sheath blight relative height estimation yellow mottle disease scale Immature lemma and palea colour Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea before the grain ripens. Green leafhopper injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Damage PBDam Panicle blast damage The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Panicle blast Image analysis - Pith area View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the hollow region of the culm An overall description of the vigour of plant growth, combining several components such as number of tillers, plant height, number of leaves, canopy density PlntVg Vigor Vigor Plant cm Image analysis - Root length using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root length based on WinRHIZO image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method to calculate total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size. cm cm/cm No scale name found ppm Distance Panicle/basal branch Panicle distance to basal branch Distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch PanBasBrDist millimeter Panicles per plant View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the wider portion of the culm Image analysis - Major culm diameter Calculation - Days to flowering from emergence Calculate the number of days between emergence and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) percent gram leaf length scale Days to 80% flowering count Calculate as the difference between the main heading date and the date of effective seeding Flowering heat injury Estimate the % spikelet fertility of plants exposed to high temperature during ... ? Flowering? Ripening? Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground at intervals from harvest to maturity Culm strength estimation - SES kneeing ability scale SES day Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice Ligule shape determination - wild panicle blast incidence scale Yellow dwarf disease assessment Estimate the type and severity of symptoms on secondary growth after cutting at the base In of bakanae disease symptoms caused by Gibberella fujikuroi. Symptoms: the plant elongates abnormally, has few tillers, and usually dies before producing grains Bakanae disease BakInc Incidence Bakanae disease green leafhopper injury scale greenhouse rice whorl maggot damage scale Narrow brown leaf spot estimation Estimate the % leaf area diseased g per 100 spikelets Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Flag leaf angle estimation cult late zinc deficiency injury scale Keel anthocyanin mature examination Examine the colour of the keel of mature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin View cross-sectioned sample of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the thickness of the wall of the cross-sectioned culm Image analysis - Culm wall thickness square centimeter UfraDam Ufra Incidence Ufra The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by the stem nematode Ditylenchus angustus. Symptoms: leaf mottling or chlorotic discoloration in a splash pattern at base of young leaves in stem elongation or mid-tillering stage, brown stains may develop on leaves and sheaths which later intensify to a dark brown color, distortion (twisting and withering) of young leaves, distortion of panicles which either remain enclosed within a swollen sheath, or partially emerge but are twisted and with unfilled grains, or emerge completely but with unfilled grains and resembling a whitehead. Porosity ratio Spikelets per hill View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the narrower portion of the culm Image analysis - Minor culm diameter length to width ratio Stem borer deadheart damage assessment At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart % Time to maturity from sowing Time to maturity (from sowing) Spikelet Time elapsed from date of sowing to physiological maturity stage DMatS Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average Average - Oven dry weight In a greenhouse test, grow each line in culture solution under two conditions: 0.5ppm P (low P) and 10ppm P (standard P). Estimate the propoprtion of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P Phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse degrees micromol CO2 m-2 s-1 Wild species: take a random sample of 10 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance 10 grain weight measurement Elongation Stem Stem elongation The ability of the stem to elongate as flood water rises and thus to keep the topmost leaves above water level StmElong At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart caused by Scirpophaga incertulas. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart Yellow stem borer deadheart damage assessment 2nd elongated culm internode Culm major diameter - 2nd internode Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath Major diameter CDMaj Rate of water loss from the leaf Leaf Tr Transpiration rate Transpiration rate Calculation -Total structural materials Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content from PLS-FTIR analysis leaf margin pubescence scale mm Calculation - Percentage of grain with chalkiness Calculate as the percentage of head milled grains with chalkiness. The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing). percent mature apiculus anthocyanin scale In a field test, observe the proportion of infected tillers. For the field test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, more than 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should be affected with not less than 15% silver shoot Gall midge injury assessment field Weight Filled grain weight FGW The weight of a spikelet that is filled with a grain Filled spikelet Calculation - Total stem material Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content from PLS-FTIR analysis Yellow mottle disease assessment Estimate the type and severity of symptoms DhtInj Injury Drought injury Drought The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by drought. Leaf rolling precedes leaf drying during drought. Response to drought is highly responsive to crop phenology, plant growth prior to stress, and the timing, duration, and intensity of drought stress. For many soils, it takes at least 2 rainless weeks during the vegetative stage to cause marked differences in response and at least 7 rainless days during the reproductive stage to cause severe drought injury. Repeated ratings are recommended through progress of the drought. Record the stage of plant growth when the stress occurred and the number of stress days. Collar anthocyanin presence Observe the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the collars Caryopsis shape scale UPOV millimeter cm degree Celsius mm percent Branches per panicle Weighing - filled grain weight Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh. cm In a greenhouse test, observe the early injury from leaffolder to each leaf on young plants Leaffolder single leaf injury assessment mature lemma and palea ornamentation scale UPOV Sterile lemma color examination cult Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Immature apiculus anthocyanin examination Examine the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of immature lemmas % immature apiculus anthocyanin scale vegetative cold injury scale millimeter Phosphorus deficiency tillering field In a field test, grow each line under two conditions: without P fertilizer (low P) and with 25kg P/ha fertilizer (standard P). Estimate the number of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P Code Culm strength scale SES Average - Stem dry weight Oven dry representative stems at 70degC to constant weight. Weigh and take the average stem weight Culm partial porosity Culm CulmPP Partial porosity Ratio of aerenchyma area to culm area Lodging incidence scale View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the diameter of the air space in the culm Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma diameter Examine the colour of the outside of the basal leaf sheath against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Basal leaf sheath color examination 1 Culm internode anthocyanin Purplish markings, if any, on internodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin Culm internode CulmINodAnth Anthocyanin content Seeding date observation Record the date of effective seeding sheath blight relative height scale drought scale leaf drying Lodging incidence % Indicate % of plants that lodged kg per kg Calculation - Soil moisture content at wilting point Calculate as the ratio of soil oven-dried weight to soil fresh weight at wilting point. stigma color scale 1 day NRGQASC - Grain length Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) panicle shattering scale 10 days after soaking rain or watering ends a period of drought, estimate the % of plants that recover. Indicate the degree of drought stress before watering Drought recovery estimation Sheath rot Incidence Sheath rot ShRotInc The type and severity of sheath rot symptoms caused by Soracladium oryzae. Symptoms: oblong or irregular brown to grey lesions on the leaf sheath near panicle, sometimes coalescing to prevent emergence of panicle. Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure transpiration rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Gas exchange transpiration rate in SITIS platform Tillers per plant Peak temperature Gradually heat a sample of milled rice using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), which measures the energy expended to raise the temperature of starch crystals as they gelatinize and melt. The temperature at which energy expenditure is maximum (peak temperature) provides a precise measure of gelatinization temperature. mm/mm Average - Length of second internode Measure the distance between the second and third nodes, counting from the base of the main culm. Repeat measurement on other representative plant. Take the average Spikelets per panicle Count the number of filled spikelets per panicle. Repeat the measurement on other representative panicles. Take the average number of filled spikelets per panicle. Average - Filled spikelet number per panicle bacterial blight race 2 damage scale field millimeter Average - Minor stem diameter Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the narrower portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter. mm Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) NRGQASC - Grain width Take yield expressed on an area basis and multiply with plot size Calculation - Grain yield per plot cubic centimeter Measure the ratio of the length of cooked to uncooked polished (white) rice grains Grain elongation ratio spikelet sterility scale Take the number of reproductive tillers and divide by the total number of tillers Calculation - Tiller fertility % panicle threshability scale RD Cervitec reading gram spikelet fertility scale RD Average - Tiller number per plant Count all tillers arising from representative plants and compute the average panicle exsertion male sterile scale Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom sowing Calculate the number of days between sowing and initial flowering dates coleoptile anthocyanin scale rice delphacid injury scale field Manual measurement - Gas exchange leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) auricle anthocyanin presence scale sterile lemma length scale mg g-1 dry matter % brown planthopper biotype 2 injury scale udbatta disease incidence scale % leaf area affected mg g-1 dry matter Panicle axis texture scale Calculation - Total dry matter per plant Take the total dry weight of stems, leaves and panicles per plant Wild species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of five representative plants Average culm diameter - wild species Pith Diameter of the wider portion of pith PDMaj Diameter Pith major diameter phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse scale percent mm millimeter square millimeter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the wider portion of the culm pith Image analysis - Major pith diameter Spikelets per panicle Spikelets per panicle Estimate the proportion of tillers that are diseased Sheath rot incidence estimation chalkiness 0-9 scale Average panicle basal branch number Count the number of primary panicle branches attached to the basal whorl of representative panicles, and calculate the average mg g-1 dry matter Panicles per plant leaf blade pubescence scale wild collar anthocyanin presence scale False smut incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected false smut incidence scale Leaf blast damage estimation Assess the type of lesion and the proportion of leaf area affected by leaf blast. Entries with scores 4-9 may also have lesions of scale 1 or 2. In cases where the lesion develops only on the collar, joint of the leaf sheath and the leaf blade, causing the leaf blade to drop off, a scale unit of 4 is to be given. Observe the extent to which panicles are exserted above the flag leaf sheath Panicle exsertion estimation parts per million Grassy stunt 1 disease index Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored variable_of awn presence scale wild drought scale leaf rolling Days leaf senescence harvest scale Calculation - Degree of culm deformation Calculate the ratio of the difference between the major and minor culm diameters to the average culm diameter of the second internode from the base as measured via image analysis Calculate from the unfilled spikelet density and the panicles density Calculation - Unfilled spikelet per panicle mg g-1 dry matter immature apiculus color UPOV scale Calculation - Grain filling rate About 2 weeks after flowering, measure grain weight twice at a week interval. Then, compute the grain filling rate by dividing the difference in weight by the time interval. Eg grain weight at 21 days after flowering minus grain weight at 15 days after flowering divided by six days Count the average number of panicles per plant. Number of panicles per plant count centimeter millimeter lemma and palea pubescence scale IRRI mature lemma and palea color scale SES