IRRI Julie Pasuquin FLpDw_Av_g IRRI SDWplt_Av_g Julie Pasuquin more than 75% 9 7 Weak, plants somewhat stunted 4 055 IRRI LigCol_CultEst_0to5 Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_COLOR Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers 1 IRRI RTungroSev_Est_0to9 RTD1 Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras Clk_Vis_0to9 IRRI Long (~70 cm) 7 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying Completely dispersed and cleared, low gel temp (<70C) 7 IRRI ApCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to6 Jeffrey Detras APC IRRI ShBltInc_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras SHB 2 medium AwLng_Av_mm IRRI ANL Jeffrey Detras IRRI RHIZOME_FORMATION RhyzForm_Est_1to6 Jeffrey Detras CulmNodAnth_DistrEst_0to3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 4 080 HFSpPct_CM_pct IRRI Julie Pasuquin 1 absent IRRI BBDam_EstFld1_1to9 Jeffrey Detras BB 1 Rolling of terminal 1/3 area of 1st leaf Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area 5 5 11-15% 0 Absent 5 6-25% pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile 5 PANICLE_AXIS Jeffrey Detras IRRI PanAxAtt_Est_SES1to4 26-50% 7 IRRI TDM_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras Sct_SmellUncook_0to2 SCT Jeffrey Detras KneeAb_EstAng_1to9 KNEEING_ABILITY IRRI IRRI GFR_CM_gday Julie Pasuquin IRRI KNEEING_ABILITY Jeffrey Detras KneeAb_EstPres_0or1 IRRI CwallT_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin 1 Absent 3 Leaves partially yellow but with no hopperburn RICE_BUG_DAMAGE IRRI Jeffrey Detras RBugDam_Est_0to9 FSD_CM_spk Julie Pasuquin IRRI ANC AWCO Jeffrey Detras AwCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to9 IRRI white 1 PltH_MAT_cm_MM PlntHt_Av_cm IRRI PltH_FLW_cm_MM PltH_15DAF_cm_MM Jeffrey Detras HT 010 1 8 Jeffrey Detras CaryoWdt_Av_mm IRRI IRRI GelTemp_PkTemp_Deg GelTemp Jeffrey Detras 7 26-50% (apical and marginal lesions) IRRI RtL_Win_cm Julie Pasuquin IRRI KeelAnth_MatEst_0to7 Jeffrey Detras BB Jeffrey Detras IRRI BBDam_EstFld2_1to9 5 11-25% Absent 0 No injury 0 13-25% 5 Sensitive 6-7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras AnLt_Av_mm AL LigCol_WildEst_0to5 LIGULE_COLOR IRRI Jeffrey Detras 6 8 IRRI DRS_DRY_0_9 Jeffrey Detras DhtInj_EstRoll_0to9 IRRI LfScald_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras LEAF_SCALD IRRI FerTil_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin LEAF_ANGLE Jeffrey Detras IRRI LfAng_Est_RD1to7 IRRI PA_TEXT PanAxText_Est_1or2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI PNO Jeffrey Detras PanNo_Est_1to5 NUMBER_OF_PANICLES More than 80% spikelets fertile 1 8 GrWdt_Meas_1to7 Jeffrey Detras GRW IRRI 20-30% 3 4 070 Red IRRI Julie Pasuquin StASH_AM_mgg NUMBER_OF_PANICLES IRRI PNO Jeffrey Detras PanNo_Count_PanPlnt 3 Better than that of elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of the best local floating variety RWhorlMaggDam_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras RICE_WHORL_MAGGOT IRRI StgmCol_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI STIGMA_COLOR IRRI SMCwp_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin Jeffrey Detras IRRI LmPPub_Est_IRRI1to5 LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE IRRI HojaBlancaSev_VegEst_0to9 HOJA_BLANCA Jeffrey Detras 2 yellowish Best elongation response 1 Intermediate ~15 mm 5 Julie Pasuquin HSpD_CM_SpPan IRRI 7 31-60% 100 Black 8 FlgLfLng_Av_cm FLL_MM_cm Julie Pasuquin IRRI FGLL 7 Partially sterile (70%-94.9%) IRRI P1 PDef_GHEst_1to9 Jeffrey Detras medium 5 1 080 IRRI BLSAnth_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras BLSCO_ANTH 4 8 MAT Jeffrey Detras TMat_Meas_1to9 IRRI IRRI GrElong_Comp_ratio Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin UFSpPan_CompD_SpPan Intermediate to long 121-140 cm 6 Jeffrey Detras PnT PanTyp_Est_UPOV1to9 IRRI Very slight damage/leaf discoloration 1 KeelAnth_ImmatEst_0to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras RTD1 IRRI RTungroSev_GHComp_Pct 0 No damage 5 40-59% Less than 1% (apical lesions) 1 Highly sterile <50% to trace 7 ApAnth_ImmatEst_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras StrLmLng_AvShort_mm Jeffrey Detras STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH IRRI Above 40% covered 9 Jeffrey Detras HDG IRRI FLW HeadT_50Est_1to7 SG Jeffrey Detras SdGerm_Est_Pct IRRI 1 Very slight injury 5 6-25% Jeffrey Detras GlOp_Av_deg IRRI GLO VG Jeffrey Detras PlntVg_VegEst_1to9 IRRI 1 Less than 2 leaves/hill injured TFlwT_CM_d Julie Pasuquin IRRI Entire 1 0% covered 1 4 Short to intermediate 91-105 cm 1 010 IRRI Julie Pasuquin GYplt_Av_g PBDam_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras PB Slender 1 IRRI TiFlwS_CM_d Julie Pasuquin Julie Pasuquin TilHill_Av_TillH IRRI IRRI BApAnth_MatEst_0to7 Jeffrey Detras 7 Drooping 3 0-10% height reduction, no ragged/twisted leaf, very few veins slightly swollen usually on leaf collar Heavy 2 Jeffrey Detras HojaBlancaSev_ReproEst_0to9 HOJA_BLANCA IRRI 6 Strong rhizomes with tubers Jeffrey Detras MaleSter_UPOVEst_1to3 POLLEN_STERILITY MSTERILE IRRI LigMargShp_Est_1to99 Jeffrey Detras LIGMSH IRRI RGSV2 RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Very long >40 mm 9 IRRI ApAnth_MatEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI SeedlHt_Av_cm SEEDLING_HEIGHT Jeffrey Detras CulmNodAnth_PresEst_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 26-100% 9 LIGULE_LENGTH Jeffrey Detras LigLng_Av_mm IRRI LfAng_Est_SES1to9 IRRI LEAF_ANGLE Jeffrey Detras FLSla_CM_cm2g IRRI Julie Pasuquin Jeffrey Detras ColeoAnth_Est_1to5 IRRI 1 Erect <15 degrees Partly awned 1 More than half the plants wilting or with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted 7 085 2 IRRI ANP Jeffrey Detras AwPres_Est_0to9 7 Strong 7 Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves brown or yellow USpD_CM_spk IRRI Julie Pasuquin No damage 0 Vegetative crown, stolon and weak rhizomes 4 Jeffrey Detras SeedlHt_Av_1to7 SEEDLING_HEIGHT IRRI Julie Pasuquin FSpProp_CM_pct IRRI 7 26-50% 6 Black 10 Glabrous (smooth-including ciliated margins) 1 Typical blast lesions infection 26-50% of the leaf area 7 IRRI AerTA_IA_mm2 Julie Pasuquin More than half of plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted 7 9 51-100% IRRI Jeffrey Detras AwCol_ImmatEst_IRRI0to8 ANC AWCO 5 Medium IRRI ApCol_MatEst_SES1to7 APC Jeffrey Detras 40-49 degrees 3 9 very strong IRRI BRR_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin 4 052 Brown (tawny) 7 strong 5 Moderate (~15%) IRRI BLSC_CO_1_4 BLSCol_Est_1to4 Jeffrey Detras Some damage/leaf discoloration 3 7 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. Julie Pasuquin SMTwp_CM_mb IRRI RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9 RGSV1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras SdDate_Meas_Date IRRI DATE_SEED SpFert SPKF IRRI SpkFer_Est_1to9 SPIKELET_FERTILITY Jeffrey Detras EInt_Av_Ino IRRI Julie Pasuquin Jeffrey Detras FLA FlgLfAng_WildAv_1to7 IRRI no drought symptoms 5 SpHill_CM_SpH IRRI Julie Pasuquin StemBorer_DeadheartEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras STEM_BORER_DAMAGE IRRI Julie Pasuquin StNSC_AM_mgg IRRI 3 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with numerous small tillers. GY_CM_gm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin HTOL Jeffrey Detras HeatSens_Est_0to9 IRRI 6-25% 5 GrThk_Av_mm GRAIN_THICKNESS Jeffrey Detras IRRI Absent 0 5 Medium 5.51-6.6 mm 9 51-100% CaryoShp_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 3 1-10% Jeffrey Detras UfraDam_Est_0to9 IRRI UFRA IRRI Julie Pasuquin FLpSla_CM_cm2g Julie Pasuquin FLDw_Av_g IRRI 3 052 2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI GelC_Meas_mm GELC 4 CulmTP_CM_r IRRI Julie Pasuquin 3 080 GRL Jeffrey Detras GrLng_Av_mm IRRI 1-10% 1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI AwCol_MatEst_UPOV1to9 ANC AWCO Completely 100% sterile 1 IRRI Julie Pasuquin CulmPP_CM_r 9 All plants dead strong 7 080 Purple 5 IRRI Julie Pasuquin HMRR_CM_pct HFSpPan_CM_SpPan IRRI Julie Pasuquin 060 2 IRRI CTOL Jeffrey Detras ColdSens_VegEst_0to9 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying IRRI Julie Pasuquin CulmA_IA_mm2 Julie Pasuquin ORAC_MM_trol IRRI 3 084 IRRI RatDam_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras RAT_DAMAGE 2 050 Drooping 9 RDelphDam_EstGH_0to9 IRRI RICE_DELPHACID Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin UFSpPct_CM_pct IRRI LEAFFOLDER IRRI LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_Pct Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin TFlwE_CM_d 1 Small brown specks of pinpoint size or large brown specks without sporulating center on the lower leaves 1 Less than 5% infected panicles USpPan_Av_SpPan IRRI Julie Pasuquin 9 Almost all plants dead or dying LfT_LCPro_degC Julie Pasuquin IRRI 8 Medium ~25 cm 5 IRRI RaggedStuntSev_Index_Pct Jeffrey Detras RAGGED_STUNT 26-100% 9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI LmPColOrn_Est_1to5 1-5% 1 FlwDate_80Flw_Date Jeffrey Detras FLW_DATE IRRI IRRI StemBorer_YellowEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras STEM_BORER_DAMAGE Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 25% of tillers 3 5 Horizontal PEX PanExs_Est_1to9 IRRI EXS Jeffrey Detras CMD IRRI CulmDiam_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras 2 Hairy or ciliated SpD_CM_spk IRRI Julie Pasuquin 087 8 IRRI PBPan_MM_BrPan pbasbrno Jeffrey Detras PanBrNo_Av_BrPan IRRI StCWC_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin 2 Smooth IRRI LDWplt_Av_g Julie Pasuquin 5 0-10% height reduction, 1-2 leaves ragged/twisted, few veins swollen on leaf collar Julie Pasuquin FL1A_CM_cm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin AerA_IA_mm2 IRRI IRRI Julie Pasuquin PanPlt_Av_PanPlt FlgLfWdt_Av_cm FLW_MM_cm IRRI FGLW Jeffrey Detras AerN_IA_Aer IRRI Julie Pasuquin PanLng_MatAv_RD1to9 PNL Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin StPRO_AM_mgg IRRI IRRI AwLng_WildAv_0to9 ANL Jeffrey Detras 080 10 Julie Pasuquin CulmSP_CM_r IRRI No disease observed 0 080 5 2 Medium 5 7 Better than that of non-elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of elongating semidwarf Less than 1% 1 061 2 5 medium 9 0-19% IRRI DEC_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin Very slight damage 1 PDWplt_Av_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI 40-69% 5 IRRI GrWh_MM_mm Julie Pasuquin Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface) 9 Leaf margins touching forming O-shape 7 Julie Pasuquin CulmP_CM_r IRRI Early (all leaves have lost their green colour at harvest) 3 5 Split or segmented with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp 0 000 1 Severely stressed Strongly drooping 4 1 Absent CaseWormDam_Est_0to8 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CASE_WORM_DAMAGE Small 1 Jeffrey Detras LmPCol_MatEst_UPOV1to6 IRRI 7 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 5 Intermediate most plants moderately bending Narrow or slightly elliptical lesions, 1-2 mm in breadth, more than 3 mm long with a brown margin 5 Weak 3 IRRI GrYld_Comp_kgha Jeffrey Detras GrYld_Comp_kgha GrWdt_Av_mm IRRI GRW Jeffrey Detras GY_CMD_gm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin light red 5 3 040 AWDIST IRRI AwDist_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras 0 000 16-25% 7 GelTemp IRRI GelTemp_Alkd_1to7 Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin FSpPan_CM_SpPan IRRI 8 51-75% 1 Very short (<21 cm) Absent 0 1 Vegetative crown IRRI LfBladPub_WildEst_1to4 LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE Jeffrey Detras 087 8 IRRI PnT PanTyp_Est_SES1to3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI PanLng_MatAv_cm Jeffrey Detras PNL PanL_MM_cm 7 Lesion completely around panicle base or uppermost internode or panicle axis near base with more than 30% of filled grains 0 Non-scented 5 Normal, most plants with 4-leaves Julie Pasuquin FL1L_Av_cm IRRI 3 Semi-erect (intermediate) No injury 0 053 5 3 Long 6.6 to 7.5 mm 7 Strong 9 Very long >180 9 26-100% LfBladAnth_PresEst_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras IRRI CaryoWdt_Av_1to7 Drooping 9 080 5 9 Round 2 Growth and tillering nearly normal, basal leaves slightly discolored Weak 3 6-10% 3 Straw 2 46-65% 7 IRRI CDMaj_Av_mm Julie Pasuquin 9 0-10% No injury 0 BLAST Jeffrey Detras LfBlastDam_EstAmt_0to9 IRRI IRRI YELLOW_DWARF Jeffrey Detras YellowDwarfSev_Est_0to9 Short 3 LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE LmPPub_Est_UPOV1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 3 Weak 0 None awnless Nuclear type 6 9 More than 75% leaf area affected 3 Short PTH PanThr_Est_1to9 IRRI THR_SCOR_1_3 Jeffrey Detras Typical blast lesions infecting 26-50% of the leaf area 7 7 36-50% 1 1-5% 3 Low IRRI Julie Pasuquin StemD_CM_mm 3 6-12% Very high (>50%) 9 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal, healthy Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center 1 IRRI Julie Pasuquin FL1Sla_CM_cm2g More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted 7 FSmut_Est_0to9 IRRI FALSE_SMUT Jeffrey Detras black 6 0 000 No disease observed 0 IRRI Julie Pasuquin GrT_MM_mm Intermediate 2 WBPH_EstFld_0to9 IRRI WBPH Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras LfWdt_Av_cm LW IRRI 100GW FGW_MM_g100gr IRRI Julie Pasuquin HGW CulmD_IA_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin 0 No lesions observed 9 100 Julie Pasuquin FL1W_Av_cm IRRI Jeffrey Detras CulmINodAnth_Est_0to2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras ChrNo_Count_Chr IRRI Julie Pasuquin RtV_Win_cm3 IRRI moderately tolerant 4-5 080 1 IRRI PanSh_Est_1to9 PSH THR_SCOR_1_3 Jeffrey Detras Horizontal 5 IRRI BLS Jeffrey Detras BLS_Est_0to9 Truncate 1 GrnWt_100Wgh_g Jeffrey Detras GRWT GRNWT IRRI 1 Erect ANT IRRI AwThk_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras Glabrous 1 6 1 Very weak 9 All plants dead 2 040 Gold IRRI Julie Pasuquin Rs_LCPro_invm IRRI HDG HeadT_80Comp_d FLW Jeffrey Detras ApCol_ImmatEst_IRRI1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras APC 100 Black 6 11-25% infected panicles 5 9 All plants dead 0 000 CanH_Av_cm IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI StDM_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin 0 No injury or fewer than 10% of plants have injured tillers BBDam_EstGH_1to9 Jeffrey Detras BB IRRI IRRI KSmut_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras KERNEL_SMUT 042 3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI PRT BRiceProtCt_Meas_Pct 6 red 030 3 060 2 5 Open ~40 degrees 4 75% of the kernel with chalkiness IRRI LodInc_Meas_pct LG Jeffrey Detras 5 Intermediate (~50 cm) IRRI LfFolderDam_CompRating_Pct LEAFFOLDER Jeffrey Detras Spreading (open) 5 3 042 Jeffrey Detras LSEN IRRI SEN_CO_1_9 LfSen_Est_1to9 CDMaj_IA_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI GrLng_MM_mm Julie Pasuquin 7 31-50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration TilProd_Av_TillPlt IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI NBLS Jeffrey Detras NBLSDam_Est_0to9 1 1-10% Jeffrey Detras SCCO PericCol_Exam_1to7IRRI IRRI 3 Mostly or generally hirsute: hairs covering more than 50% of the ligule 6 TilD_CM_Tillm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin AwCol_ImmatEst_SES0to6 Jeffrey Detras ANC AWCO IRRI Jeffrey Detras ANL AwLng_CultMax_0to9 IRRI 000 0 Jeffrey Detras SUB IRRI SubTol_GHEst_1to9 purple 8 Upright 1 Julie Pasuquin IRRI StTWT_AM_mgg 3 Kernel swollen with collar incomplete or narrow, high-intermediate gel temp 1 1-5% Scabrous 1 Julie Pasuquin StSUC_AM_mgg IRRI CulmAng_Est_UPOV1to9 IRRI CMA_CO_1_9 Jeffrey Detras Strong 7 IRRI LigCol_Est_0to3 LIGULE_COLOR Jeffrey Detras Lesion type is the same as in scale 2, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves 3 Fringe of hairs 1 040 Gold 3 IRRI WBPH_EstGH_0to9 WBPH Jeffrey Detras 4 5 Strong rhizomes and no tubers LIGULE_SHAPE Jeffrey Detras LigShp_Est_1to2 IRRI 7 Semi-erect (intermediate) 3 3 male sterile Semi-upright 2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras PhenReac_Est_1to7 2 012 3 1-5% 1-3 Tolerant Jeffrey Detras POLLEN_STERILITY MSTERILE IRRI MaleSter_Comp_1to9 10-19.9% seed set 5 AP IRRI AP_Lab_1to9 Jeffrey Detras gold 2 11-30% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration 5 Intermediate 5 AwCol_MatEst_IRRI0to6 IRRI ANC AWCO Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras CMD CulmDiam_CultAv_1or2 IRRI 9 Leaves tightly rolled Cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction type (CMS) 1 IRRI AMY Jeffrey Detras AmyCt_Meas_Pct 1 Round One-fourth to 1/2 of all leaves dried 5 GallMidgeDam_EstGH_0to9 Jeffrey Detras GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE IRRI 000 0 Jeffrey Detras BApAnth_ImmatEst_0to7 IRRI Clk_Cerv_cerv Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI PanLng_ImmatAv_cm PNL GrYld_wgh_gplot Jeffrey Detras GrYld_wgh_gplot IRRI IRRI HDR Jeffrey Detras HdR_Comp_Perc 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying StmElong_Esr_1to9 IRRI ELONGATION Jeffrey Detras 7 Strong 3 medium 3 Lesion type is the same as in 1, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves 1 White Jeffrey Detras DRS_DRY_0_9 DhtInj_EstSpkFert_0to9 IRRI pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile 4 TFlwS_CM_d Julie Pasuquin IRRI DhtInj_EstDry_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras DRS_DRY_0_9 IRRI AlkInj_Est_1to9 ALK Jeffrey Detras 0 No disease observed Julie Pasuquin PanD_Calc_Panm2 IRRI RGSV1Sev_Index_Pct Jeffrey Detras RGSV1 IRRI Moderately difficult 1-5% 3 3 First and 2nd leaves yellowing 3 1-5% OutXExt_Comp_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 5 Lesion partially around the base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part of panicle axis near the base Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves 9 IRRI SGr_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin 5 Medium LW LfWdt_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 7 Leaves yellow or orange yellow, plants moderately stunted, floweringvery much delayed Poorest elongation, or none, like non-elongating semidwarf e.g. IR42 9 Jeffrey Detras SPIKELET_STERILITY IRRI SpkSter_Comp_1to9 9 Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves IRRI Lf_Av_LfPlt Julie Pasuquin TMat_Meas_d MAT Jeffrey Detras IRRI IRRI ANCO Jeffrey Detras AnCo_Est_1to2 7 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. IRRI STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH Jeffrey Detras StrLmLng_AvShort_1to9 1 Very short <50 cm 61% and above 9 3 Leaves slightly yellow, plants slightly stunted, flowering slightly delayed 3 Lesion on a few primary branches or the middle part of panicle axis 1 Less than 3% IRRI Julie Pasuquin CwallA_CM_mm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin RtD_Win_mm Completely sterile 0% 1 3 1-5% 4 reddish brown No damage 0 4 Upper three quarters only More than 80% 1 1 011 4 red 8 3 Half spindle-shaped 5 053 Julie Pasuquin IRRI HFSpY_CM_gm2 Very weak 1 Erect 1 Jeffrey Detras CulmLng_Av_1to7 CML IRRI No disease observed 1 CulmLng_Av_cm IRRI CML Jeffrey Detras IRRI GRWT GRNWT Jeffrey Detras GrnWt_1000Wgh_1to7 Jeffrey Detras CC IRRI CollCol_Est_RD0to4 thin 3 5 Horizontal 26-50% 7 3 1-5% 5 1/3 to 1/2 of leaves injured 5 Medium 052 Brown (tawny) 3 IRRI LEAF_LENGTH LfLng_Av_1to9 Jeffrey Detras 5 All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both Partly exserted panicle base is slightly beneath the collar of the flag leaf blade 3 YELLOW_MOTTLE Jeffrey Detras YellowMottleSev_Est_0to9 IRRI 071 6 CulmD_CM_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 0 000 Reddish to light purple 6 081 4 Jeffrey Detras CaryoLng_Av_1to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE LfBladPub_CultEst_UPOV1to7 IRRI THR_SCOR_1_3 IRRI PTH PanThr_Est_1to3 Jeffrey Detras 3 Short 71-90 cm Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves discolored or dead 7 2 SAL Jeffrey Detras IRRI SaltInj_Est_1to9 6 054 IRRI LfFolderDam_EstFld_0to9 LEAFFOLDER Jeffrey Detras 5 Maximum tiller angle less than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers More than 50% 9 2 Scented 3 Truncate 5 100% of the kernel with chalkiness 7 Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying 5 Medium SpkFer_Est_1to5 SpFert IRRI SPKF Jeffrey Detras SPIKELET_FERTILITY Kernel swollen with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp 4 0 000 High (~35%) 7 Julie Pasuquin IRRI LfST_CM_mm Moderately well exserted 7 IRRI Julie Pasuquin SDMin_Av_mm STIGMA_EXSERTION Jeffrey Detras StgExers_Comp_1to9 IRRI Shallow leaf folding 1 IRRI NOCO CulmNodUndCol_Est_0to2 Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras CMD CulmDiam_CultAv_mm IRRI 1 short 3 61-80% 1 Very slight damage IRRI Julie Pasuquin HI_CM_r IRRI Julie Pasuquin RtA_Win_cm2 Typical blast lesions infection 51-75% of the leaf area and many leaves are dead 8 IRRI CaryoLng_MeasSES_1to7 Jeffrey Detras 7 Long 5 Medium 11-20% 5 3 Weak Low (~3%) 3 GLf_Av_LfPlt Julie Pasuquin IRRI 2-cleft 7 0 000 Julie Pasuquin GYplt_CM_g IRRI Purple 9 FlwDate_1stFlw_Date FLW_DATE IRRI Jeffrey Detras 1 White IRRI CDef_CM_r Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras CulmNodAnth_IntensEst_1to9 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 above 70% 1 5 Bold 7 Short 5.5mm or less LigShp_CultEst_SES0to3 Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_SHAPE IRRI IRRI Julie Pasuquin StDM_Av_g IRRI Jeffrey Detras AurShp_Est_1to9 dist_post PanBasBrDist_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin StEXT_AM_mgg IRRI 5 Medium 0 Absent (collarless) Intermediate 1cm - 2cm 5 3 Moderately strong most plants bending 3 weak IRRI Julie Pasuquin GLWR_CM_r Absent 0 attribute 9 More than 75% of leaf area affected IRRI BLCO LfBladGreen_Est_0to3 Jeffrey Detras 6 Jeffrey Detras LmPCol_MatEst_IRRI1to11 IRRI 5 Abortion at binucleate stage of pollen (CMS-HL type) Jeffrey Detras LfMargPub_Est_1to2 IRRI LMPUB IRRI STEM_BORER_DAMAGE StemBorer_WhiteHeadEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 3 11-20% IRRI CMA_CO_1_9 Jeffrey Detras CulmAng_Est_SES1to9 White 1 Jeffrey Detras FLA FlgLfAng_LateAv_1to7 IRRI 5 6-25% 8 51-100% StrLmCol_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR APSH IRRI ApSh_Est_1to2 Jeffrey Detras CMN Jeffrey Detras CulmNo_Av_Culm IRRI 2 062 Intermediate ~15 mm 5 6 Julie Pasuquin DExs_CM_d IRRI very early 1 CIAT ZnCt_Meas_ppm CÈcile Grenier Light 3 Julie Pasuquin PithD_CM_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin PDMaj_IA_mm IRRI 5 8-15% Sct_SmellCook_0to2 IRRI SCT Jeffrey Detras 3 Jeffrey Detras BPHDam_GH_0to9 BPH IRRI IRRI LIGULE_SHAPE Jeffrey Detras LigShp_CultEst_RD0to3 Less than 1% 1 9 Very few: fewer than 5 tillers/plant Straw 1 Long ~30 mm 7 1 Less than 1% IRRI RICE_DELPHACID RDelphDam_EstFld_0to9 Jeffrey Detras LEAFFOLDER Jeffrey Detras LfFolderDam_EstSingleLead_0to3 IRRI 5 Similar to that of elongating semidwarf e.g. IR11141-6-1-4 Intermediate 5 Clk_Vis_0to5 CÈcile Grenier CIAT Brown (tawny) 5 4 081 3 1-5% TGW Julie Pasuquin 1000GW FGW_MM_g1000gr IRRI First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 BakInc Jeffrey Detras BakInc_Est_1to9 IRRI Very long >40 mm 9 LmPCol_MatEst_SES1to10 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras PBSev_Comp_Pct IRRI PB 7 Broad Julie Pasuquin GY_CM_kgplot IRRI very strong 9 IRRI LfBladAnth_DistEst_1to4 Jeffrey Detras 0 No disease observed 75-94% 5 Very strong 9 No damage 0 CDMin_IA_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin LEAF_LENGTH IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfLng_Av_cm Hairs on upper portion 3 Semi-erect (intermediate) 3 11 082 LfBladPub_CultEst_SES1to3 LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE Jeffrey Detras IRRI 3 1-5% 5 41-60% 21-30% 5 Erect 1 Julie Pasuquin IRRI PithA_IA_mm2 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with few small tillers. 3 Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves whitish and rolled, only a few elongating 5 IRRI ENDO Jeffrey Detras EndoType_Est_1to3 3 First and 2nd leaves yellowing STEM_BORER_DAMAGE IRRI Jeffrey Detras StemBorer_DeepWatEst_0to9 IRRI Julie Pasuquin FLfT_MM_degC Spindle-shaped 4 IRRI Julie Pasuquin TI TillNo_Comp_1to9 Straight 1 AmyCt_NIRS_Pct AMY CÈcile Grenier CIAT Julie Pasuquin IRRI MRR_CM_pct Medium 5 Small roundish to slightly elongated, necrotic gray spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter, with a distinct brown margin. Lesions are mostly found on the lower leaves. 2 080 6 12 083 Strong 7 ColdSens_FlwEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras CTOL IRRI IronInj_Est_1to9 FE1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 7 Few: 5-9 tillers/plant 2 Truncate 5-9.9% seed set 7 6 Less than 1% 1 Purple apex 7 4 4-5% Hairs on lemma keel 2 4 No scraping 0 0 Non-scented Julie Pasuquin PS_LCPro_umol IRRI Jeffrey Detras ANP IRRI AwPres_WildEst_0to2 More than 1/2 of the injured with some broken leaves 9 Highly sterile (99%-99.9%) 3 5 13-25% 1 Very short <5 mm Slightly Drooping 3 8 purple 7-9 sensitive Purple lines 2 Weak 3 5 Whole length highly sensitive 8-9 31-45% 5 light brown 2 Rolling of entire length of all leaves, pronounced yellowing 7 1 80-100% DMatS_CM_d IRRI Julie Pasuquin 9 Very late (all leaves still green at harvest) 010 1 IRRI Julie Pasuquin StLIG_AM_mgg pbra IRRI PanBrArr_Est_1or2 Jeffrey Detras 3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 7 26-50% Intermediate: 25-50% of grains removed 2 Completely 100% sterile 1 4 GLO Jeffrey Detras GlOp_Av_1to9 IRRI 4 1 absent or very weak 6 070 Red 1-10% 1 089 3 060 4 Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead 7 080 Purple 3 080 7 HT IRRI PlntHt_Meas_1to9 Jeffrey Detras Very short <5 mm 1 Sensitive 7-9 acronym BS_Est_0to9 IRRI BS Jeffrey Detras 2 Jeffrey Detras LfBlastDam_EstTyp_0to9 IRRI BLAST 5 6-25% (apical and some marginal lesions) IRRI StmRotInc_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras STEM_ROT IRRI LEAFFOLDER Jeffrey Detras LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_0to9 Excellent 1 5 light red Weak 3 Red 6 Jeffrey Detras INCO IRRI CulmINodUnderCol_Est_0to2 Scalloped or toothed 2 1 086 Jeffrey Detras CollAnth_Est_1to9 IRRI Maximum tiller angle less than45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers 7 5 Intermediate (lowland: 110-130 cm, upland: 90-125 cm) 5 21-35% Absent 0 Typical blast lesions infection 11-25% of the leaf area 6 052 Brown (tawny) 3 IRRI SpSter_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin LG LodInc_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 1 Thin <5 mm UFSpY_CM_gm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin 9 61% and above 3 5-10% infected panicles 2 Intermediate BPHDam_GH3_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras BPH 6 Purple 8 080 IRRI PlntVg_SdEst_1to9 Jeffrey Detras VG 060 4 Fertile 75-89% 3 CMD CulmDiam_WildAv_1or2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras None 0 CUST Jeffrey Detras CulmStr_EstSES_1to9 CS IRRI 7 Descending 8 1 Lightly scented IRRI GLhDam_EstGH_0to9 Jeffrey Detras GLH 084 Purple lines 4 IRRI Jeffrey Detras APC ApCol_MatEst_IRRI1to9 No symptom observed 1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras BirdDam_Est_1to9 BIRD_DAMAGE 2 gold 9 Leaves turn yellow or orange, more than 75% height reduction, no flowering or some plants dead 1 Absent or very weak 2 3 Purple IRRI StrLmCol_Est_1to4 Jeffrey Detras STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR No injury 0 Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area 5 CI_LCPro_ppm IRRI Julie Pasuquin Medium 3 IRRI HfGW_Av_g1000gr THfGW Julie Pasuquin AerD_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI Other 99 1 Semidwarf (lowland: less than 110 cm, upland: less than 90 cm) 7 late ThripDam_Est_0to9 IRRI THRIPS Jeffrey Detras light red 5 5 Leaves yellow, plants moderately stunted, flowering delayed IRRI Gs_LCPro_mol Julie Pasuquin 31-60% 7 9 All plants dead 9 All plants dead Jeffrey Detras IRRI ColdSens_SeedlEst_0to9 CTOL 7 070 IRRI GallMidgeDam_EstFld_0to9 GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE Jeffrey Detras First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 PanT_Av_degC Julie Pasuquin IRRI very late 9 0 No symptom observed 5 Highly fertile >90% 3 Vigorous, fast growing, most plants with 4-5 leaves and 1-2 tillers Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers. 5 000 0 2 Intermediate (stains reddish-blue purple) PDef_FldEst_1to9 IRRI P1 Jeffrey Detras 7 light purple 4 080 Very weak 1 0 Growth and tillering nearly normal 5 1-25% IRRI PB Jeffrey Detras PBInc_Est_0to9 5 medium 2 Upper quarter only 6-25% 5 Short ~15 cm 3 5 1-25% Medium 5 2 Thick > 1 010 6-25% 5 Long 7 Jeffrey Detras BPH IRRI BPHDam_Fld_0to9 Julie Pasuquin TilPlt_Av_TillPlt IRRI Linear(long and slender) 1 few drought symptoms 4 3 Vigorous, fast growing CaryoShp_Comp_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 0% of the kernel with chalkiness 0 5 21-40% Abortion at uni-nucleate stage of pollen (CMS-WA type) 3 Jeffrey Detras Pan2ndBr_Est_0to3 IRRI SECONDARY_BRANCHING_OF_PANICLES 1 Difficult: few or no grains removed PericCol_Exam_1to7UPOV IRRI SCCO Jeffrey Detras PhenAcc_Est_1to9 IRRI PHENOTYPIC_ACCEPTABILITY Jeffrey Detras 1 030 5 6-25% 5 Medium: 10-19 tillers/plant 51-75% 8 11-25% 7 reddish to light purple 4 Almost all plants dead or dying 9 1 100% of performance of tolerant check black 6 1 011 IRRI Julie Pasuquin PedL_Av_cm 3 variegated brown 5 Leaves fully cupped in U-shape 4 Thermo-photoperiod genic type (TPGMS) 0 No damage No infection observed 0 strong 7 Very long (>80 cm) 9 16-25% 6 Semi-round 2 Julie Pasuquin StSTA_AM_mgg IRRI 7 11-40% 1 011 Genetically engineered (transgenic type) 5 Jeffrey Detras UDBATTA_DISEASE IRRI UDInc_Est_0to9 3 short 40-59% 5 pollen 60-69% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile 7 pollen and spikelets both <60% fertile 9 2 Green Less than 1% 1 1-10% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration 3 1 above 50 degrees No damage observed 0 None awnless 0 4 IRRI GRL Jeffrey Detras GrLng_Av_1to7 1 Pollen free (TGMS line, e.g. Norin PL12) 0 No damage IRRI CC CollCol_Est_SES0to3 Jeffrey Detras Less than 1% 1 Growth and tillering severely retarded, about half of all leaves brown or yellow 5 Very weak 1 3 61-80% 0 Absent 3 1-3% Easy 51-100% 9 Thick > 2 2-3 tolerant IRRI CS Jeffrey Detras CUST CulmStr_EstRD_1to9 No injury 0 5 080 AurCol_Est_1to5 AC IRRI Jeffrey Detras 0 Absent GLhDam_EstFld_0to9 Jeffrey Detras GLH IRRI 5 080 Purple Complete plant wilting, followed by severe yellowing and scorching 9 1 Light Green 010 1 4 6-10% Jeffrey Detras FertRest_Comp_1to9 FREST IRRI 2 7 50-74% long 3 11 100 0 No damage RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9 IRRI RAGGED_STUNT Jeffrey Detras No lesions observed 0 Present 9 3 Brown (tawny) 8 Long to very long 156-180 cm Stunting slight, tillering decreased, some basal leaves brown or yellow 3 9 Tall (lowland: more than 130 cm, upland: more than 125 cm) 3 1-10% covered MALE_STERILITY_GROUP Jeffrey Detras MaleSterGp_Est_1to6 IRRI Julie Pasuquin FSpPan_Av_SpPan IRRI weak 3 Less than 11% 9 9 26% and above Julie Pasuquin GY_CM_kgha IRRI Intermediate 6-25% 5 1 Absent 5 Medium 3 brown Vegetative crown and stolon 2 1 Glabrous Julie Pasuquin FLA_CM_cm2 IRRI SpPan_CM_SpPan Julie Pasuquin IRRI pollen 90% fertile or above, spikelets 75-89% fertile 3 5 Just exserted panicle base coincides with the collar of the flag 0 No damage observed above 30% seed set 1 9 Present IRRI Jeffrey Detras DhtRecov_Est_0to9 DRT7_DRY_0_9 3 Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves discolored 7 Long ~35 cm 7 Partially sterile (70%-94.9%) 100% of plants survive 1 Many: 20-25 tillers/plant 3 1-5% (apical lesions) 3 6-25% 5 51-100% 9 1 Erect Very weak 1 020 2 0 No injury 3 1-10% 1 Extra vigorous, very fast growing, most plants with 5-6 leaves and 2 or more tillers 9 Leaves orange yellow or orange, plants severely stunted, sometimes dead, flowering very much delayed Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface) 9 41-70% 3 1 acute 9 51-100% Extra long 9 Julie Pasuquin StSTR_AM_mgg IRRI 071 6 IRRI Julie Pasuquin Exs_MM_cm IRRI PNL PanLng_MatAv_UPOV1to3 Jeffrey Detras 4 3 1-10% IRRI CaryoLng_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras Almost all plants dead or dying 9 9 All plants apparently dead 6-12% 3 1 Very weak variegated purple 7 Jeffrey Detras LigPub_Est_1to3 LIGULE_PUBESCENCE IRRI 4 Red No damage 0 dark brown 4 IRRI GrnWt_10Wgh_g Jeffrey Detras GRWT GRNWT 2 Curved 051 3 6 11-30% 5 1 Enclosed panicle is partly or entirely enclosed within the leaf sheath of the flag leaf blade SubTol_FldEst_1to9 SUB IRRI Jeffrey Detras Upper half only 3 9 More than 50% infected panicles 9 51-100% 41-60% 5 9 0-19% 9 51-100% (apical and marginal lesions) 8 absent or very weak 1 5 061 11-20% 3 Present 9 Jeffrey Detras BPH BPHDam_GH2_0to9 IRRI 4 2 25% of the kernel with chalkiness 100 9 All plants dead 9 7 61-80% Jeffrey Detras SLSH LemaShp_Est_0to3 IRRI 7 26-50% 4-7% 3 Jeffrey Detras BPHDam_GH1_0to9 BPH IRRI partially male sterile 2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin PanHill_Av_PanHill 3 Narrow <1 cm 0 No disease observed 6 9 All plants dead Highly sterile 1-49% 2 0 No damage 51-100% 9 11-20% 3 STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH IRRI Jeffrey Detras StrLmLng_AvLong_1to9 PanExs_EstMStrl_1to9 PEX IRRI EXS Jeffrey Detras 9 082 7 long dark purple/black 9 1 Extra long 1 Non-glutinous (non-waxy, stains dark blue purple) Absent 1 TUfGW IRRI UfGW_Av_g1000gr Julie Pasuquin More than half the plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted 7 5 11-30% 7 12-25% 0 0% Lesions on several pedicels or secondary branches 1 7 Strong 4 052 Spreading (>60-80 degrees, culms not resting on the ground) 7 1 few 3 Partly sterile 50-74% 7 Strong Well exserted 9 IRRI TiFlwT_CM_d Julie Pasuquin 9 0-4.9% seed set IRRI SHEATH_ROT ShRotInc_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin FLsizeR_CM_r 1 020 Straw 1 Compact 1 010 9 More than 65% IRRI DrG_Est_sc1to5 Julie Pasuquin 1 020 060 1 Almost all plants dead or dying 9 light gold 1 Dispersed mergingwith collar, low gel temp (<70C) 6 0 Absent 9 26-100% Broad >2 cm 7 011 Whitish 1 5 All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both 6 ZnDefInj_Est_1to9 IRRI ZDEF Jeffrey Detras 7 Weak most plants nearly flat 5 Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead 084 2 4 081 084 3 1 Glabrous 060 4 Very early (all leaves lost their green colour before grain maturity) 1 2 or more leaves/hill but less than 1/3 of leaves injured 3 5 Medium 3 Short <30 cm 1 Lesions only on bottom 20% of the plant 0 No damage More than 50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange discoloration 9 0 No incidence 9 76-100% 5 medium Jeffrey Detras RGSV2Sev_Index_Pct RGSV2 IRRI Very slight damage 1 Absent 0 IRRI SDMaj_Av_mm Julie Pasuquin 8 Jeffrey Detras GELC GelC_Meas_1to5 IRRI red 6 5 070 6 100 Black 3 60-79% 0 Absent 2 056 7 More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting 5 2 9 All plants dead No symptom observed 1 3 Long Triangular (and very small) 3 LmPCol_ImmatEst_1to13 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 1 Extra vigorous, very fast growing Yellow to orange and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withfew small tillers 7 020 2 7 21-50% IRRI Int2L_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin 061 Light green 2 Absent 0 5 More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting Long hairs (velvety) 5 5 Normal purple spots 4 0 No disease observed 9 Abortion at later stage: pollen grains look like fertile pollen (518A cytoplasm from O. nivara) Julie Pasuquin FLCC_MM_SPAD IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI LigShp_WilEst_0to7 LIGULE_SHAPE Julie Pasuquin Tr_LCPro_mmol IRRI 9 More than 30% height reduction, most leaves ragged/twisted, vein swellingcommon on leaf sheaths and leaf blades Absent 1 4 2 Scented IRRI TMatT_CM_d Julie Pasuquin 9 61-100% Good 3 5 strong reddish brown 4 4 6 Intermediate 41-60 mm 3 Less than 1% 1 7 20-39% 0 No injury IRRI Julie Pasuquin PGWC_CM_pct 26-50% 7 5 Medium Absent 0 26-50% 7 3 Narrow 9 Very long >40 cm IRRI PDMin_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin Less than 1% 1 Stressed 2 8 11 White 7 50-74% 040 2 2 7 Pale green to yellow and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withnumerous small tillers No injury 0 Sterile (95%-98.9%) 5 5 Horizontal 060 8 9 0-49% 1 Pointed IRRI Jeffrey Detras CMD CulmDiam_WildAv_mm 7 20-39% Strong 7 9 present 088 7 Very slight damage 1 1 Kernel not affected but chalky, high gel temp (>74C) Leaves green but with sparse dots or streaks and less than 5% of height reduction 3 4 Emarginate 3 Clustered highly tolerant 0-1 51-100% 9 5 084 Intermediate (one leaf still green at harvest) 5 5 061 Light green 26-50% 7 7 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted brown 3 7 light purple Very short to short 51-70 cm 2 9 Less than 11% 2-cleft 3 21-30% 5 3 moderately stressed Julie Pasuquin IRRI TDMplt_CM_gPlnt 5 Medium Pubescent 3 080 7 Very weak 1 6-10% 3 Erect 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal 1 5 Acute 6 Cleft 2 3 Intermediate ?45? Brown spots on straw 3 5 intermediate 8 gold 2 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 2 1-3% Rolling of terminal 1/2 area of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd leaves, yellowing of leaf tips 5 straw 1 IRRI FlgLfAng_EarlAv_1to7 Jeffrey Detras FLA 3 1-5% 7 Spreading >60? Absent 1 Horizontal 7 Jeffrey Detras PANICLE_AXIS IRRI PanAxAtt_Est_UPOV1to2 9 Rapidly coalescing small, whitish, grayish, or bluish lesions without distinct margins 3 Growth and tillering nearly normal, older leaves reddish-brown, purple, or orange-yellow 3 Narrow 5 21-30% 8 2 020 3 052 Absent 0 Loose 26-50% 7 purple 5 7 late IRRI CDMin_Av_mm Julie Pasuquin 3 brown 9 Very weak all plants flat 2 Partially hirsute: hairs covering less than 50% of the ligule Highly sterile (99%-99.9%) 3 000 0 10 091 slight yellowing of a few plants 1 Hairy on both sides 4 3 60-79% IRRI BB BBDam_EstFld_1to9 Jeffrey Detras Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead 5 6 3 Tip drying extended up to 1/4 length in most leaves 1 Very low (<1%) 1 Tip only 9 Lesion completely around panicle baseor uppermost internode or the panicle axis near the base with less than 30% of filled grains. 5 Open ?60? Julie Pasuquin IRRI FL1Dw_Av_g 1-3 tolerant 5 purple furrows More than 1/2 of leaf area scraped 3 Less than 1% 1 9 Present 11-15% 5 Weak 3 7 Short 31-50% 5 No injury 0 8 1 10% of the kernel with chalkiness Below 20 degrees 9 3 Easy: >50% of grains removed IRRI BLAST LfBlastDam_EstScr_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 0 No disease observed 1 Erect (compact) 3 Rolling of terminal 1/3-1/2 area of 1st and 2nd leaves 1 Very abundant: more than 25 tillers/plant 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 7 31-60% 3 Open 2 Less than 1% GrDiscol_Est_0to9 GRAIN_DISCOLORATION Jeffrey Detras IRRI 3 Weak 9 81-100% More than 25% 9 7 11-30% height reduction, 3-4leaves ragged/twisted, more vein swelling on leaf collar and some on leafblades and leaf sheaths 020 Straw 2 7 Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead Subulate or setaceous 2 Abortion at trinucleate stage of pollen (CMS-boro type) 7 1-10% 1 9 090 Very slight injury 1 2 3 Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves whitish and rolled Light 1 041 1 Completely sterile 0% 9 More than 2/3 of all leaves fully dried 7 Erect <30? 1 No lesions observed 0 very strong 9 080 4 1 Difficult less than 1% Brown furrows on straw 4 early 3 Jeffrey Detras BLSAnth_Est_1to7 IRRI BLSCO_ANTH 9 Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile) Less than 5% 1 6 062 1 Very weak 5 Leaves green or pale green with mottling and 6% to 25% of height reduction, flowering slightly delayed 11-40% 7 early 3 None to few leaves slightly yellow, tillering, height and flowering not affected 1 0-19% 9 2 Alternate 080 Purple 7 1 Soft 81-100 mm 3 50% of the kernel with chalkiness 3 Short (~30 cm) Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center 1 51-100% 9 1 straw Acute to acuminate 2 6 16-25% 2 020 070 3 7 Broad 1 Whorled Absent 0 Less than 5% 1 1 90-100% Poor 7 5 75-94% 6-12% 3 5 Horizontal Soft 61-80 mm 2 Long spindle-shaped 5 Absent 0 082 8 6 5 Medium 2 050 1 Strong no bending 2 081 1 Less than 5% 7 Late (two or more leaves still green at harvest) 084 3 Purple spots on straw 7 3 Glutinous (waxy, stains reddish purple) 2 Kernel swollen, high gel temp (>74C) Hairy on upper surface 2 1 1-10% 054 6 1 Highly fertile >90% moderately tolerant 4-6 Absent 0 7 Descending entity 5 Hard <36 mm 5 Growth and tillering retarded, many leaves discolored 011 1 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal, reddish-brown spots or orange discoloration on tips of older leaves Gold and gold furrows on straw background 2 5 Medium 6 Acuminate 13-25% 5 3 Semi-erect (semi-compact) CulmINodAnth_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Very short <11 cm 1 Very slight damage 1 9 062 2 Thermosensitive-genic type (TGMS) 9 61% and above Less than 1% 1 7 Long ~30 mm 26-50% 7 5 Partly sterile 50-74% Lightly scented 1 Present 9 Long 141-155 cm 7 1 Less than 1% 2 Descending 7 3 70-89% 2 gold furrows 9 Extra long 9 Unacceptable Fully awned 2 Distinctly yellow and narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers. 5 20-29 degrees 7 Large 9 3 Short ~8 mm 1 Thin <5 mm 0-49% 9 7 080 062 2 2 3 21-40% 1 Very slight damage/leaf discoloration 2 pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 90% fertile or above 7 Less than 1% 1 063 7 4-6 Moderately tolerant Short ~8 mm 3 11-20% 7 First and 2nd leaves with orange tips, slight stunting 3 All plants dead 9 Up to 1/3 of leaf area scraped 1 3 95-99% Red apex 5 80-100% 1 26-50% 7 3 First and 2nd leaves with orange tips: slight stunting Purple 8 9 All plants dead 3 Purple 8 090 13 1-5% 1 26-50% 7 2 weak 3 Fertile 75-90% 4 Typical susceptible blast lesions 3 mm or longer, infecting less than 4% of the leaf area 4 Very strong 9 1 absent Hairy on lower surface 3 1-2% 1 pollen and spikelets both 90% fertile or above 1 4 081 11-25% covered 5 5 Intermediate 106 -120 cm Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying 7 1/3 to 1/2 of leaf area scraped 2 062 2 No symptoms 0 4 052 many 5 060 Green 1 11-15% 5 weak 3 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal black 9 4 Short hairs 0 Leaves healthy 9 Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile) Very weak 1 Glabrous (no hairs) 1 3 Photoperiod-sensitive genic type (PGMS) 9 black 2 084 5 Fair 11-30% 3 5 070 20-29.9% seed set 3 Intermediate ~45 cm 5 3 Vegetative crown and weak rhizomes 4 8 Purple furrows on straw 7 26-50% 5 Sterile (95%-98.9%) thick 7 1 Present 3 95-99% Leaves pale yellow or yellow and 26-75% of height reduction, floweringdelayed 7 brown furrows 3 51-100% 9 7 51-75% 0 No damage 7 31-60% 1 No symptom observed Strong 7 9 26-100% 7 26-50% infected panicles 041 1 Semi-erect intermediate ~20 degrees 3 9 76-100% 020 Straw 1 cleft 2 Very slight damage 1 5 medium No symptom observed 1 Slight tip drying 1 Absent 1 Droopy 2 brown 3 1 very early 2 3 Obtuse or rounded 9 very strong 5 purple 0 No symptoms 5 070 1 Less than 1% Tall >60 cm 7 1 Acute to acuminate 5 30-39 degrees 7 More than 1/2 of the leaves injured with no broken leaves 7 High 0 No disease observed 0 No visible lesion observed or lesions on only a few pedicels Leaves with pronounced yellowing and some stunting or wilting and 10-25% of plants with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted 5 Extra long more than 7.5 mm 1 4-5% 3 9 Pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with numerous small tillers 41-60% 5 20-39% 7 9 51-100% 9 All plants dead 0 Absent (collarless) 0 7 Dark Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves discolored, only a few elongating 5 0 No disease observed 4 3 Small roundish to slightly elongated necrotic sporulating spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter with a distinct brown margin or yellow halo 3 Some damage/leaf discoloration 4 Hard 36-40 mm 7 Weak, plants somewhat stunted, most plants with 3-4 leaves and no tillers in thin population Rice ontology 3 3 11-20% 4 1 No symptom observed Present 9 6 pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile 9 Yellow to orange and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with few small tillers 081 3 2 040 Gold 3 060 061 3 Leaves partly folded in deep V-shape 0 No disease observed No injury 0 4 070 Red 31-60% 7 7 Broad spindle-shaped lesion with yellow, brown, or purple margin 5 medium 3 Weak No kneeing 9 61-100% 9 26-40% covered 7 Cross-sectional area of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath Culm Area Culm area CulmA leaf folder injury scale field panicle blast incidence scale lemma and palea pubescence scale IRRI parts per million Flag leaf width Width Flag leaf Width of the uppermost leaf of the main culm FlgLfWdt The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 1 virus (RGSV1). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with small rusty spots Severity RGSV1Sev Grassy stunt 1 disease Grassy stunt 1 An indirect indicator of approximate gelatinization temperature. Incubate six milled rice grains (kernels) for 23h in 10ml of 1.7% KOH. Score individual kernels, without averaging Alkali digestion estimation Stem ash content Stem StASH Ash content Ash content in the stem Observe the intensity of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm. Culm node anthocyanin intensity Proportion of leaves that stayed green until the maturity stage Proportion Green leaf SGr Stay-green The extent of discoloration of glumes caused by species of Sarocladium, Bipolaris, Alternaria, Gerlachia, Fusarium, Phoma, Curcularia, Trichoconiella, and Pseudomonas. Symptoms: Darkening of glumes of spikelets, brown color to black including rotten glumes. Intensity ranges from sporadic discoloration to discoloration of the whole glume Grain discoloration Discoloration by fungal diseases Grain GrDiscol Count all tillers of representative hills and take the average per hill Average - Tiller number per hill basal leaf sheath color scale 1 Apiculus of lemma Shape of the apiculus of the lemma ApSh Shape Apiculus shape Grain width UPOV estimation Measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point StDM Straw dry matter per plant Dry weight of stems and leaves per plant Straw Weight per plant No scale name found Estimate the position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base Leaf angle Panicle exsertion PanExs Panicle Extent to which the panicle is exserted above (i.e. protrudes from), as opposed to being enclosed within, the flag leaf sheath Exsertion ligule pubescence scale 1 CulmAng Culm angle Angle Angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical Culm Amylose content Amylose content of milled rice as a proportion or percentage of the total amount of rice Milled caryopsis AmyCt amylose content panicle length UPOV scale kneeing ability presence scale centimeter The extent to which plants recover when soaked with water after exposure to drought. The extent of recovery depends strongly on the severity of drought. Recovery Drought recovery DhtRecov Drought percent Chalkiness Cervitec assessment Polish a sample of rice and quantify chalkiness automatically using a duly calibrated Cervitec instrument CO2 Concentration Sub-stomatal cavity carbon dioxide concentration Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration CI Leaf collar color scale RD The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of phosphorus in the growing medium Damage Phosphorus deficiency PDef Phosphorus deficiency damage Brown rice protein content Use standard laboratory procedure to measure the protein content of brown rice grains at 14% moisture content Average - Minor stem diameter Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the narrower portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity Antioxidant activity of leaf extracts ORAC Leaf Antioxydant activity millimeter Cultivated species: take a random sample of 100 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance 100 grain weight measurement micromol CO2 m-2 s-1 PBDam Panicle blast damage Damage Panicle blast The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Colour Auricle color AurCol Color of the auricle Auricle brown planthopper injury scale field Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters measured by image analysis Calculation - Culm diameter from image analysis stem borer whitehead damage scale View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the average area of the air spaces in the culm Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma area Awn color examination immature Examine the colour of the awns after anthesis against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Calculation - Days to physiological maturity from sowing Calculate the number of days between sowing and physiological maturity (i.e. when the grain is hard and ready for harvest) Water vapor conductance Stomata Gs Stomatal conductance Rate of passage of water vapor through the leaf Flag leaf-1 Area Flag leaf-1 area FL1A Area of the leaf below the flag leaf Diameter Culm diameter - 1st internode Diameter of basal portion (ie 1st elongated internode) of the main culm CulmDiam 1st elongated culm internode Drought estimation spikelet sterility Estimate the proportion of spikelet fertility after exposure to drought Head rice proportion Dehull and mill (polish) a sample of grains (paddy). Weigh the whole sample of polished rice, including both whole and broken kernels. Measure the length of 10 randomly selected whole kernels and compute the average. Head rice are all the kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels. Separate and weigh the head rice, and calculate the proportion of head rice out of the total weight of polished rice Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average Average - Oven dry weight Pith Pith major diameter Diameter Diameter of the wider portion of pith PDMaj degrees C Ufra incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that show visible symptoms of infection millimeter cm leaf blade anthocyanin presence scale pollen sterility scale Damage Brown spot BS Brown spot damage The type and severity of brown spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Bipolaris oryzae, Drechslera oryzae). Symptoms: typical leaf spots are small, oval or circular and dark brown. Larger lesions usually have the same color on the edges but have a pale, usually grayish center. Most spots have a light yellow halo around the outer edge. Panicle axis attitude Attitude Panicle axis PanAxAtt The attitude of the main axis of the panicle, which ranges from straight upright to droopy Predict cell wall carbohydrate composition using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Cell wall carbohydrate composition Stigma exsertion calculation Count the number of florets that have completed anthesis on a given day and the number of those florets that have exserted stigma on one or both sides of the floret. Calculate the proportion of florets with exserted stigma centimeter gram Caryopsis length SES scale Panicle Panicles per hill PanHill Number of panicles per hill Number per hill percent leaf blade pubescence scale UPOV Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content of stem Materials content StTWT Total stem materials content Stem Count only the number of panicles with lesions covering completely around the node, neck or lower part of the panicle axis (symptom type 7-9), and estimate their percentage Panicle blast incidence Observe plant growth and rate level of drought symptoms Estimation - overall drought symptoms maturity scale UPOV Length of leaf below the flag leaf Length FL1L Flag leaf-1 Flag leaf-1 length Tiller density Tiller Number per area Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per unit area TilD g per 1000 spikelets Image analysis - Major culm diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the wider portion of the culm mm Half-filled spikelet Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per unit area Half-filled spikelet densty Number HSpD Calculation - Relative flag leaf size Take the ratio of flag leaf area to area of the leaf below the flag leaf Wild species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of five representative plants Average culm diameter - wild species Time elapsed from date of emergence to flowering stage DFlwE Spikelet Time to flowering from emergence Time to flowering (from emergence) Calculation - Days to 50% flowering from sowing Calculate the number of days between sowing and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Panicle Panicle length Length of panicle defined as the distance from the base to the tip of the panicle when the main axis of the panicle is held straight PanLng Length Brown planthopper injury assessment field Observe the damage on the plants caused by brown planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Tillers per plant Gradually heat a sample of milled rice using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), which measures the energy expended to raise the temperature of starch crystals as they gelatinize and melt. The temperature at which energy expenditure is maximum (peak temperature) provides a precise measure of gelatinization temperature. Peak temperature PanTyp Panicle type, defined by the orientation of primary branches Panicle type Panicle Type Estimate the stunting and discoloration Rice tungro disease estimation Shape Sterile lemma shape Sterile lemma Shape of the sterile lemmas LemaShp Observe the distribution of awned spikelets along a panicle Awn distribution observation Estimate the penultimate leaf blade for distribution of any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade. Leaf blade anthocyanin distribution Observe the extent to which grains have shattered from the panicle before being threshed Panicle shattering estimation gall midge injury scale field mg g-1 dry matter Panicle shattering Describes the tendency of grains to fall off the panicle before it is threshed Panicle PanSh Shattering Udbatta disease Incidence Udbatta disease UDInc The type and severity of udbatta disease symptoms caused by Balansia oryzae-sativae (Ephelis oryzae). Symptoms: a white mycelial mat ties the panicle branches together so that they emerge as single, small, cylindrical rods. day Plant height average Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of represenrtative plants and calculate the average Average - Flag leaf width Measure width at the widest portion of the leaf below the flag leaf on the main culm. Repeat measurement on representative leaf and take the average width. Bird damage incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of panicles that are damaged by birds whitebacked planthopper injury scale greenhouse mm Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice Ligule margin shape determination Rice whorl maggot damage Rice whorl maggot The extent of plant damage caused by rice whorl maggot (Hydrellia philippina). Symptoms: maggots eat the leaf margins causing conspicuous injury and sometimes stunting of plants Damage RWhorlMaggDam In a field test, observe the proportion of infected tillers. For the field test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, more than 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should be affected with not less than 15% silver shoot Gall midge injury assessment field BLS Damage Bacterial leaf streak Bacterial leaf streak damage The type and severity of bacterial leaf streak symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. Symptoms: linear lesions with small bacterial exudates Analytical measurement - Protein content Predict protein content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Count the total number of grain-bearing and non-bearing tillers on five plants and calculate the average Culm number measurement per plant Abortion pattern estimation Collect florets and fix in 3:1 Acetic acid:alcohol solution. Squeeze out pollen grains under a drop of acetocarmine stain, observe under a microscope at 10x10 magnification, and estimate the predominant staining behavior and number of nuclei visible Image analysis - Root surface area using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root surface area based on image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length. Surface area is calculated from root diameter and length assuming the root has a round cross-section. anthocyanin below apiculus scale immature Endosperm type scale degree Celsius EndoType Endosperm Type A broad classification of the type of endosperm based on the presence or absence of amylose Endosperm type kneeing ability scale SES Examine the colour of the auricles against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Auricle color examination Colour LigCol Color of the ligule Ligule color Ligule Basal leaf sheath color examination 1 Examine the colour of the outside of the basal leaf sheath against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. 2nd elongated stem internode SDMin Stem minor diameter - 2nd internode Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath Minor diameter Average - Minor culm diameter Remove leaf sheath and measure narrower width of the second elongated internode from the base and take the average g Grain width Width GrWdt Spikelet Width of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the area just below the apiculus of the lemma Anthocyanin below apiculus BApAnth Lemma below apiculus Anthocyanin content Shape Shape of the caryopsis Caryopsis Caryopsis shape CaryoShp Take yield expressed on an area basis and multiply with plot size Calculation - Grain yield per plot Awn distribution Distribution AwDist Awn The proportion and distribution of awned spikelets on a panicle sterile lemma color scale wild DMatS Time to maturity (from sowing) Time to maturity from sowing Time elapsed from date of sowing to physiological maturity stage Spikelet No scale name found Calculation - Filled spikelet percentage Take the number of filled spikelets and divide by the total number of spikelets per panicle, multiply by 100 Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom sowing Calculate the number of days between sowing and initial flowering dates mature lemma and palea color scale SES square meter per second per mol of water Take leaf sap from youngest fully expanded leaves, trolox equivalent of samples obtained by regression equation with trolox standard Manual measurement - ORAC assay If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet have different lengths, measure the average length of the longer sterile lemma of five spikelets Average sterile lemma length - longer Average - Tiller number per plant Count all tillers arising from representative plants and compute the average Collar CollCol Colour Colour of the leaf collar Collar color Days Wild species: assess the texture of the main panicle axis by rubbing fingers from the base towards the tip and assess the smoothness Panicle axis texture assessment Ragged stunt disease estimation Estimate the type and severity of symptoms Culm strength scale RD LigMargShp Ligule margin shape Shape Describes the form of the margin of the ligule Ligule margin Non-structural material content Stem StSTR Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content of stem Stem total structural materials content Calculation - Degree of culm deformation Calculate the ratio of the difference between the major and minor culm diameters to the average culm diameter of the second internode from the base as measured via image analysis Protein content Stem Protein content in the stem Stem protein content StPRO 2nd elongated stem internode StemD Stem diameter - 2nd internode Diameter Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath Calculate as the sum of filled, half-filled and unfilled spikelets per area Calculation - Spikelets per square meter Kernel smut incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected Narrow brown leaf spot estimation Estimate the % leaf area diseased mm Assess pubescence (hairiness) of the ligules under a hand lens. Ligule pubescence estimation outcrossing scale leaf scald damage scale Bag two primary panicles of at least 50 plants with glassine bags before their anthesis begins to prevent cross pollination. At maturity, count the filled (fertile) and unfilled (sterile) spikelets of the bagged panicles, calculate the proportion that are sterile Spikelet sterility calculation Stem borer whitehead damage assessment Near grain maturity, observe the proportion of panicles that have whiteheads. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 10% of panicles with whiteheads g Awn AwPres Presence Presence of awns Awn presence spikelet fertility scale SES Visually determinate the colour ornamentation of (i.e. colours present only on parts of) the lemma and palea at maturity Mature lemma and palea ornamentation Phosphorus deficiency tillering field In a field test, grow each line under two conditions: without P fertilizer (low P) and with 25kg P/ha fertilizer (standard P). Estimate the number of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P yellow dwarf disease scale flowering heat injury scale Visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering Ligule color estimation Averaged Manual measurement - Unfilled spikelet number per panicle Count the number of unfilled spikelets per panicle of representative panicles and then take the average Grain weight Spikelet GrnWt Weight The weight of a whole grain including the hull Code Examine the colour of the keel of immature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Keel anthocyanin immature examination AurShp Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles Auricle Auricle anthocyanin Anthocyanin content Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Anthocyanin below apiculus examination mature g per 100 spikelets salt injury scale Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per hill TilHill Tiller number per hill Number per plant Tiller Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Fertile pollen grains will be round and well stained, sterile pollen grains will be unstained or partially stained, and withered or round. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the proportion that are sterile Pollen sterility calculation Anthocyanin below apiculus examination immature Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of immature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the width of ten caryopses at their widest point at right angles to its length and calculate their average Caryopsis width measurement Total dry matter per plant Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per plant Aboveground dry matter TDMplt Weight per plant Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root length based on WinRHIZO image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method to calculate total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size. Image analysis - Root length using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Zinc deficiency injury assessment Observe growth in a growing medium with a deficiency of zinc Iron injury assessment Observe growth in soil with toxic concentrations of iron Calculate as length times the width of the uppermost leaf on the main culm, multiplied by a constant (0.725) Calculation - Flag leaf area Calculation - Stay-green Take the ratio of number of green leaves at maturity to the number of green leaves at flowering The extent of damage caused by brown planthopper (Nilparvata lugens). Symptoms: Partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy Damage Brown planthopper damage BPHDam Brown planthopper Damage Leaffolder damage The extent of leaf damage caused by leaffolder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis or Marasmia patnalis). Symptoms: Larvae consume the leaf tissue except the epidermis, causing typical white streaks. They create a leaf tube during later stages of feeding Leaffolder LfFolderDam Rhizome formation observation Wild species: observe the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers around the base of a potted plant when it is ready for harvest mm LmPPub Lemma and palea Lemma and palea pubescence Pubescence Describes the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemma and palea Outcrossing extent OutXExt Outcrossing extent Describes the extent of outcrossing of male sterile lines Plant awn color scale mature IRRI Panicle exsertion male sterile estimation Observe the percentage of the panicle that is inside the flag leaf sheath Visually estimate the penultimate leaf blade for the intensity of greenness. Leaf blade greenness Average leaf length Measure length of the penultimate leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average bacterial blight race 2 damage scale field The angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis Angle FlgLfAng Flag leaf angle Flag leaf Stem sucrose content Sucrose content in the stem Sucrose content Stem StSUC percent Bakanae disease incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected Oven dry straw at 70?C to constant weight and express in a per unit area basis Calculation - Straw yield centimeter Hoja blanca vegetative disease estimation Estimate the proportion of young plants with leaves showing symptoms ColeoAnth Purple pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the coleoptile Coleoptile anthocyanin Coleoptile Anthocyanin content Calculate culm area minus the pith area Calculation - Culm wall area Fertility restoration Fertility restoration Plant This is a compound trait used for F1 hybrids combining the proportion of fertile spikelets at maturity with the proportion of fertile pollen at anthesis FertRest Calculate as the ratio of milled rice weight to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Calculation - Milled rice rate Dehulled grain after milling and polishing Proportion MRR Milled rice rate Proportion of milled and polished (processed) rice obtained from rough rice (grain with hull) Internodes Leaf senescence Leaf LfSen Senescence Describes how soon leaves senesce Stem starch content StSTA Starch content in the stem Starch content Stem Take the number of days to flowering and add 30 days Calculation - Days to maturity whitebacked planthopper injury scale field flag leaf angle scale cult early Keel Keel anthocyanin Anthocyanin content Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the keel of the lemma KeelAnth Length of awns Length Awn length AwLng Awn day PhenAcc Phenotypic Acceptability An overall assessment of phenotypic acceptability of the grains for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets Phenotypic Acceptability Grain Stigma exsertion Describes the tendency of stigmas to be exserted on one or both sides of the florets Exsertion Stigma StgExers Average - unfilled spikelet weight Take subsample of unfilled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of zinc in the growing medium Zinc deficiency injury ZnDefInj Zinc deficiency Injury grams per square meter Analytical measurement - Total stem extractives content Predict total stem extractives content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra AerN Aerenchyma number Number of air spaces in the culm Number Stem aerenchyma Hoja blanca disease HojaBlancaSev The type and severity of hoja blanca disease symptoms caused by rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV) causing hoja blanca. Symptoms: cream colored to yellow spots, elongating and coalescing fo form longitudinal yellowish green to pale green striations. Streaks may coalesce to cover the whole leaf. Brown and sterile glumes with typical parrot beak shape of deformation Hoja blanca Severity Flag leaf Flag leaf area Area Area of the uppermost leaf on the main culm FLA Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers after full heading Culm number Number Culm CulmNo leaffolder single leaf injury scale Number of panicles per plant count Count the average number of panicles per plant. Grassy stunt 2 disease The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 2 virus (RGSV2). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, yellow to orange and narrow leaves with small rusty spots Grassy stunt 2 Severity RGSV2Sev mm Culm node anthocyanin presence Estimate the presence/absence of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm. pericarp colour IRRI scale percent rice tungro disease scale Purplish markings, if any, on internodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin Culm internode anthocyanin Culm internode CulmINodAnth Anthocyanin content Basal leaf sheath color BLSCol Colour Basal leaf sheath Colour of the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm internode anthocyanin examination Take yield per plant and multiply with plants density Calculation - Grain yield from plant density Yellow mottle disease assessment Estimate the type and severity of symptoms grams per square meter Sterile spikelet Spikelet sterility Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain unfilled grains SpkSter Proportion Grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action Panicle threshability estimation SES Caryopsis length/width ratio scale SES Spikelets per panicle % Ratio of grain yield to total aboveground biomass Plant Harvest index Biomass partionning HI Awn thickness Thickness AwThk Awn Thickness of awns Pollen Abortion pattern Abortion pattern Describes the stage at which pollen grains abort in male sterile lines. AP Panicle blast incidence PBInc Panicle blast Incidence The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Average - Panicle dry weight per plant Oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and weigh the panicles of representative plants and take the average Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis Calculation - Spikelets unfilled weight on area basis Second internode length Int2L Length 2nd elongated culm internode Length of the second internode from the base grams per square meter square millimeter Estimate the proportion of tillers that are diseased Sheath rot incidence estimation Take a milled rice NIR spectrum and predict the amylose content using chemiometrics. Amylose content - NIRS Calculate from the filled grain weight and number of filled grains on an area basis Calculation - Filled spikelet per square meter Examine the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Mature apiculus anthocyanin examination Measure length of representative leaves below the flag leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade. Take the average length Average - Flag leaf-1 length percent Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Green leafhopper injury assessment greenhouse Spikelets per panicle square millimeter Caryopsis length:width ratio SES Compute the length/width ratio Root volume Volume Total volume of root system Root RtV Calculation - Half-filled spikelet percentage Take the number of half-filled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100 square centimeter Place non-dormant grains on moistened filter paper and cover with a petri-dish lid during germination. After the coleoptiles have reached a length of about 5 mm in darkness, place them in artificial light (daylight equivalent) at 750-1250 lux continuously for 3 to 4 days, at a temperature of 25 to 30 degrees Centigrade. Observe colour when the coleoptile is fully with first leaf just emerging (about 6 to 7 days) Coleoptile anthocyanin evaluation FSD Filled spikelet Number of spikelets with filled grains per unit area Number per area Filled spikelet density CaryoWdt The width of the caryopsis at its widest point at right angles to its length (ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling the grain and before milling) Caryopsis width Caryopsis Width Shape Shape of the ligule Ligule Ligule shape LigShp Awn color examination mature UPOV / IRRI Examine the colour of the awns after harvest against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Collar anthocyanin Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the collars CollAnth Collar Anthocyanin content Wild species: assess the presence/absence of hairs on the leaf margin Leaf margin pubescence auricle color scale mg g-1 dry matter Estimate the proportion and distribution of leaf area diseased Leaf scald damage estimation Sterile lemma shape scale Colour Awn color AwCol Colour of the awns, if present Awn Calculation - Half-filled spikelets per square meter Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis Salt injury Salt Injury SaltInj The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in soils or other growth medium with high salt content Panicle temperature Panicle PanT Panicle surface temperature Temperature Analytical measurement - Starch content Predict starch content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Specific area Flag leaf-1 Ratio of area to dry weight of the leaf below the flag leaf FL1Sla Flag leaf-1 specific leaf area Aerenchyma diameter AerD Diameter Width of air spaces in the culm Stem aerenchyma Manual measurement - Leaf surface temperature in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf temperature with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) In a greenhouse test, observe the proportion of plants with silver shoots. For the greenhouse test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should show silver shoots Gall midge injury assessment greenhouse Observe growth in saline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores. Salt injury assessment degrees Apiculus shape examination Examine the shape (pointed, curved) of the apiculus PanNo Number of panicles per plant Number per plant Panicle number per plant Panicle leaf angle scale centimeter Porosity Culm porosity Culm CulmP Ratio of pith area to culm area Image analysis - Culm wall thickness View cross-sectioned sample of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the thickness of the wall of the cross-sectioned culm Submergence survival assessment Field evaluation: estimate the proportion of plants that survive submergence after floodwater recedes. Record the duration of submergence ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of the plant Plant height measurement Leaf angle Leaf Position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base Angle LfAng Examine the colour of the apiculus of immature lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references Immature apiculus color examination millimeter Stem borer The extent of damage caused by stem borers, which include Chilo suppressalis (striped), C. polychrysus (dark headed), Rupela albinella (South American white), Scirpophaga incertulas (yellow), S innotata (white), Sesamia inferens (pink), Maliarpha separatella (African whiteheads), Diopsis macrophthalma (Stalked-eyed fly), and several other species StemBorer Damage Stem borer damage awn color scale mature UPOV % millimeter Average ligule length Measure the distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule on the penultimate leaf of five plants, and calculate the average Panicle blast severity Scoring X panicles using the panicle blast damage score, compute panicle blast severity PBS= (10xN1 + 20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/X, where N1-N9 are the number of panicles with score 1-9 cubic centimeter green leafhopper injury scale greenhouse square millimeter Flag leaf Temperature Flag leaf temperature Flag leaf surface temperature FLfT Panicle Time to exsertion from heading DExs Time elapsed from heading date and date of exsertion of last spikelet Time to panicle exsertion (from heading) Flag leaf chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content Chlorophyll content in the uppermost leaf of the main culm FLCC Flag leaf LigLng Ligule length Length of ligule, defined as distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule Length Ligule gram mg g-1 dry matter Take the total dry weight of stems, leaves and panicles per plant Calculation - Total dry matter per plant Calculate as the percentage of head milled grains with chalkiness. The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing). Calculation - Percentage of grain with chalkiness chalkiness 0-5 scale Calculation - Flag leaf -1 specific leaf area Take the ratio of leaf area to leaf dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf Filled spikelet proportion Proportion Spikelet FSpProp Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains StEXT Stem extractives content Stem Extractives content Total stem extractives content in the stem Manual measurement - Panicle exsertion Measure distance between the base of the flag leaf and the panicle neck node, there is positive exertion if the panicle base is above the flag leaf base and a negative exsertion if otherwise. Grain length score Sterile lemma color examination cult Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Lodging incidence % Indicate % of plants that lodged View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the diameter of the air space in the culm Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma diameter PanD Panicle density Number of panicles per unit area Number Panicle drought grade 1-5 grassy stunt 2 disease scale Calculation -Total structural materials Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content from PLS-FTIR analysis seedling vigor scale No scale name found percent Sterile lemma shape Examine the shape of sterile lemmas Count all productive tillers in representative plants and take the average Average - Productive tiller number per plant gall midge injury scale greenhouse Culm length Length of the main culm (stem), defined as the distance from the soil surface to the base of the panicle CulmLng Length Culm Panicle type assessment Estimate the orientation of primary branches on representative panicles by comparing them with a diagram of the categories or with photographs of the reference variety for each category grams per square meter Dry weight Flag leaf dry weight Dry weight of the uppermost leaf on the main culm Flag leaf FLDw Ragged stunt The type and severity of ragged stunt symptoms caused by rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV). Symptoms: plants are stunted but remain dark green. Leaves are ragged and twisted. Vein swelling on leaf collar, leaf blades and leaf sheaths Severity RaggedStuntSev Ragged stunt disease sensed aroma cooked scale Collect 5-10 blooming florets of a male sterile line from different plants and measure the average angle of the opening between glumes (viz., lemma and palea) Glume opening angle vegetative cold injury scale immature apiculus color UPOV scale Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh. Weighing - filled grain weight Cultivated species: grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action Panicle threshability estimation RD Maturity Time to maturity Time elapsed from effective seeding date to grain ripening defined as when 80-85% of grains on panicle are mature (growth stage 9) Plant TMat The type and severity of yellow mottle disease symptoms caused by rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV). Symptoms: stunting, reduced tillering, mottling and yellowing streaking of the leaves, delayed flowering or incomplete emergence of the panicles, in extreme cases, death of plants Severity Yellow mottle YellowMottleSev Yellow mottle disease Proportion of head milled grains with chalkiness Proportion PGWC Chalky dehulled intact grain Proportion of grains with chalkiness Male sterility group assignment ? No info in SES on how to identify the group culm diameter scale wild Alkali injury AlkInj Alkali Injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in alkaline soils Seedling height Seedling Height Height of seedlings, measured from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade SeedlHt No scale name found rice bug damage scale Culm wall area CwallA Culm wall Area Area of the culm wall Flowering heat injury Estimate the % spikelet fertility of plants exposed to high temperature during ... ? Flowering? Ripening? panicle type scale UPOV mg g-1 dry matter Take the total dry weight of straw, rachis, and grain (filled and unfilled) and express on a per unit area Calculation - Total dry matter Panicles per plant Severity Panicle blast Panicle blast severity PBSev The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Length FlgLfLng Flag leaf Flag leaf length Length of the uppermost leaf of the main culm Chromosome number Chromosome Number ChrNo The number of chromosomes in the nucleus Measure the ratio of the length of cooked to uncooked polished (white) rice grains Grain elongation ratio alkali injury scale Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Size (area) of the flag leaf relative to the size (ie area) of the leaf below it Flag leaf relative size FLsizeR Relative size False smut The type and severity of false smut symptoms caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. Symptoms: Infected grains are transformed into yellow-greenish or greenish-black velvety-looking spore balls. FSmut Incidence False smut Lemma and palea color ornementation LmPColOrn Colour ornamentation of the lemma and palea. It characterizes the colours present only on parts of the lemma and palea Colour ornementation Lemma and palea Stem total lignin content Lignin content Stem Total lignin content in the stem StLIG Brown planthopper injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of brown planthoppers and observe the damage on the seedlings Take the number of reproductive tillers and divide by the total number of tillers Calculation - Tiller fertility Peduncle length Peduncle Length PedL Length of the stalk bearing the panicle Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the length of ten caryopses and calculate the average Caryopsis length measurement Half-filled spikelet HFSpPct Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are half-filled Half-filled spikelets proportion Proportion cm Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damages on seedlings sheath rot incidence scale Tiller TillNo Number per plant Tiller number per plant Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers arising from the base of each plant Green leafhopper injury assessment field Observe the damage on the seedlings caused by green leafhopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage mg g-1 dry matter apiculus color scale mature Take the ratio of the pooled flag leaf area and the pooled flag leaf oven dry weight Calculation - Specific leaf area of pooled flag leaf mm Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath CulmD Culm diameter - 2nd internode 2nd elongated culm internode Diameter Culm node underlying colour CulmNodUndCol Underlying colour Culm node Colour of nodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings percent Longest awn length Cultivated species: measure the length of the longest awn Caseworm Damage Case worm damage The extent of plant damage caused by caseworm (Nymphula depunctalis). Symptoms: only the papery upper epidermis of the leaf remains after larvae have fed on the internal leaf tissue CaseWormDam day gram square millimeter The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis. Seed Germination Seed germination SdGerm At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart Stem borer deadheart damage assessment Total dry weight of stem and sheath per plant Stem Mass Stem dry weight SDWplt Plant Date of effective seeding, ie the date when seeds were first moistened This may be the date of soaking for pre-soaked seed, or the date of sowing for dry seed sown onto a wet seedbed, or the date when rain or other moisture becomes available to seed sown dry on a dry seedbed seeding date Seeding date SdDate Udbatta disease incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected Lodging incidence estimation Observe the proportion of plants that are lodged at harvest Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per panicle Half-filled spikelets per panicle Number per panicle Half-filled spikelet HFSpPan Deformation Culm degree of deformation CDef Flatness of the culm Culm Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment field Observe the damages on plants caused by whitebacked planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage awn color scale immature IRRI Record the date of effective seeding Seeding date observation Caryopsis length UPOV scale leaffolder injury scale greenhouse awn presence scale UPOV Remove leaf sheath and measure wider width of second elongated internodes from the base and take the average Average - Major culm diameter Awn presence on wild species Wild species: while the spikelets are maturing, observe the presence of awns ligule shape scale cult RD Culm wall Width CwallT Distance between the perimeter of the hollow pith and the epidermis Culm wall thickness Time to maturity from transplanting Spikelet Time to maturity (from transplanting) DMatT Time elapsed from date of transplanting to physiological maturity stage Estimate the proportion of plants with panicles showing symptoms Hoja blanca reproductive disease estimation Observe the extent to which panicles are exserted above the flag leaf sheath Panicle exsertion estimation Weight The weight of a spikelet that is filled with a grain FGW Filled spikelet Filled grain weight Manual measurement - Gas exchange leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Average - Panicles per hill Count the number of panicles per hill for several hills. Take the average. Estimate the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles Auricle anthocyanin presence sterile lemma length scale Culm Culm specific porosity CulmSP Specific porosity Ratio of aerenchyma area to cortex area cm The extent of plant damage caused by gall midge (Orseolia oryzae). Symptoms: light-colored tubular galls resembling an onion leaf on the youngest leaf of the shoot in a tiller. Damage Gall midge GallMidgeDam Gall midge damage Chalkiness visual assessment Polish a sample of rice and evaluate a representative sample visually. Estimate the proportion of the kernel area that appears chalky white, particularly with respect to the belly, the center, and the back. Leaffolder single leaf injury assessment In a greenhouse test, observe the early injury from leaffolder to each leaf on young plants Anther length measurement Measure five anthers exposed at anthesis and calculate their average Endosperm type assessment Stain polished (milled, white) rice grains with a weak KI-I solution, prepared by mixing 0.1% I2 solution with 0.2% KI solution, and observe the colour of the stained endosperm 1000 grain weight scale rice whorl maggot damage scale Flag leaf angle estimation wild Wild species: 7 days after anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Oven dry representative flag leaf -1 at 70degC to constant weight and weigh. Take the average weight Average - Oven dry weight CaryoLng Caryopsis The length of the caryopsis, ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling (decorticating) the grain and before milling, commonly known as brown rice Length Caryopsis length culm node anthocyanin scale Leaf Leaf surface temperature Temperature LfT Leaf temperature cm2 g-1 stem borer deadheart damage scale Colour Lemma and palea Lemma and palea color LmPCol Colour of the lemma and palea Measure distance from soil surface to base of panicle on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average Average culm length apiculus color SES scale Estimate the proportion of germinated seeds Seed germination 1 Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh. Weighing - filled grain weight Estimate the extent to which leaves dry on exposure to drought Drought estimation leaf drying Examine the colour of the pericarp against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Pericarp colour examination leaf blade greenness scale Green leafhopper The extent of damage caused by green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix cincticeps). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. Green leafhopper damage Damage GLhDam leaf length scale Vegetative cold injury Observe effects on vigour and leaf colour of plants grown at 17-18 degrees C before flowering Count number of elongated internodes starting from the base of the main culm to the neck node Average - Number of elongated internodes Purplish markings, if any, on nodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin CulmNodAnth Culm node Culm node anthocyanin Anthocyanin content Calculation - Brown rice rate Calculate as the ratio of brown rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls removed) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 GrLng Length Length of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea Spikelet Grain length Half-filled spikelets Weight Dry weight of a half-filled spikelet, including the hull THfGW Half-filled grain weight Examine the colour of the apiculus of maturing lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references Mature apiculus color examination Observe the colour of the leaf collar against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references Collar color male sterility scale panicle length scale Pubescence Ligule Presence and distribution of hairs on ligules Ligule pubescence LigPub Calculation - Unfilled spikelet percentage Take the number of unfilled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100 Average - Peduncle length Measure distance between the panicle neck node of the main culm and the panicle base, i.e. uppermost culm node. Repeat measurement on other representative plants and take the average. leaf blade pubescence scale IRRI cult Grassy stunt 2 disease index Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Calculate as the product of percentage of grain with chalkiness and chalkiness size (area of chalkiness divided by the area of the whole grain). The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing). Calculation - Degree of endosperm chalkiness UFSpY Weight per area Spikelet Dry weight of unfilled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis Unfilled spikelets weight per area Leaf blast damage estimation Assess the type of lesion and the proportion of leaf area affected by leaf blast. Entries with scores 4-9 may also have lesions of scale 1 or 2. In cases where the lesion develops only on the collar, joint of the leaf sheath and the leaf blade, causing the leaf blade to drop off, a scale unit of 4 is to be given. Average - half-filled spikelet weight Take subsample of half-filled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) spikelet sterility scale NRGQASC - Grain length Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence scale day Average panicle basal branch number Count the number of primary panicle branches attached to the basal whorl of representative panicles, and calculate the average Aerenchyma Weigh a random sample of 1000 well-developed, whole grains dried to 14% moisture content 1000 grain (14%MC)weight measurement Pericarp Colour of the pericarp PericCol Colour Pericarp colour anthocyanin below apiculus scale mature longer sterile lemma length scale Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a greenhouse test Bacterial blight damage estimation greenhouse In a greenhouse test where NT leaves have been scored using the single leaf injury score, calculate the injury rating R = (N1 + 2xN2 + 3xN3)x100% / (NTx3), where N1-N3 are the number of leaves with score 1-3 Leaffolder unadjusted injury rating Width Leaf Width of penultimate leaf blade LfWdt Leaf width Leaf Leaf length LfLng Length Length of penultimate leaf blade millimeter Describes the change in colour of lemmas in response phenol Lemma phenol reaction PhenReac Lemma Phenol reaction Pool representative flag leaves and leaves below the flag leaf and oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average Average - Pooled oven dry weight kilogram per hectare Panicle branch arrangement scale Kneeing ability presence Estimate presence/absence of knees after flowering in conditions where culms have fallen flat due to receding water flow. Image analysis - Pith area View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the hollow region of the culm thrips damage scale grain discoloration incidence scale No of chromosomes Spikelets per panicle Image analysis - Culm area View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the cross-sectioned culm flag leaf angle scale wild Average - Length of second internode Measure the distance between the second and third nodes, counting from the base of the main culm. Repeat measurement on other representative plant. Take the average Take flag leaf and measure temperature near leaf surface with an infrared gun Manual measurement - Flag leaf temperature Observe the damages on plants caused by rice delphacid. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Rice delphacid injury assessment field Damage LfBlastDam Leaf blast damage Leaf blast The type and severity of leaf blast symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms are necrotic lesions on the leaves, in severe cases leading to leaf death culm diameter scale UPOV Describes the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers in the mature plant Rhizome/stolon Formation RhyzForm Rhizome and stolon formation % Temperature at which the starch in endosperm gelatinizes, one of the key indicators of cooking quality Gelatinization temperature GelTemp Gelatinization temperature Milled caryopsis millimeter ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) millimeter Plant Height PlntHt Plant height defined as distance from the soil surface to the highest point of the plant (panicle or flag leaf) excluding awns Plant height BirdDam Bird The extent of damage caused by birds. Damage Bird damage Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area to cortex area Calculation - Specific culm porosity brown planthopper biotype 3 injury scale Cold Sensitivity ColdSens Cold tolerance Ability of a plant to grow and develop normally under cold conditions. Key periods of sensitivity are during seedling growth, tillering, and flowering An overall description of the vigour of plant growth, combining several components such as number of tillers, plant height, number of leaves, canopy density Vigor Vigor Plant PlntVg awn color scale immature SES cm2 g-1 centimeter % of plants that lodged Specific porosity ratio Average grain thickness Wild species: using a calliper or photo-enlarger, measure the average of 10 representative grains Using a hand lens, visually assess and evaluate the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemmas and paleas Lemma and palea pubescence evaluation Calculation - Tiller number per unit area Calculate from total number of tillers per hill and the area of the hills sampled culm length scale number of panicles per plant scale Estimate by observing all leaves below the flag leaf for their retention of greenness when the grains are ready for harvesting Leaf senescence harvest estimation Gel consistency lab measurement Place 0.1g ground rice in a test tube with thymol blue (0.025% in ethanol, 0.2 ml) and KOH (0.2N, 2 ml). Shake the tube to mix contents, boil (8 min), rest (5 min) and then place in an ice-bath (15 min). Lay cooled tubes flat on graph paper for 1 hour, and then measure the distance that the gel travels . Included standards, as the age of the rice, degree of milling and operator skill affect reproducibility: IR48 (85?90 mm), IR32 (72-75 mm) and IR42 (30-32 mm). leaf blade pubescence scale wild culm internode anthocyanin presence scale Grassy stunt 1 disease index Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored RBugDam Rice bug damage Damage Rice bug The extent of plant damage caused by rice bug (Leptocorisa oratorisa). Observe the presence and intensity of any purplish colour that can be attributed to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence Observe the abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle, and by referring to a diagram of standards Secondary panicle branching observation Damage The extent of damage caused by whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. Whitebacked planthopper WBPH Whitebacked planthopper damage basal leaf sheath anthocyanin scale rhizome formation scale 1 HMRR Head milled rice rate Intact dehulled grain after milling Proportion Proportion of head rice (kernel longer or equal to 3/4 full length of the kernel) obtained from milling the rough rice (grain with hull) Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which 80% of the flowering heads have appeared Main flowering date observation Take the average stem aerenchyma area and multiply by the stem aerenchyma number Calculation - Total aerenchyma area Image analysis - Minor culm diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the narrower portion of the culm Press spikelets between fingers to check which have filled grains inside. Test five representative panicles to estimate the percentage of spikelets that are filled score Spikelet fertility score Culm internode underlying colour Underlying colour Culm internode Colour of internodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings CulmINodUnderCol Filled spikelets per panicle FSpPan Filled spikelet Number per panicle Number of spikelets with a filled grain per panicle Tillers per m2 Leaf scald Leaf scald damage LfScald Damage The type and severity of leaf scald symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Monographella albescens (Microdochium oryzae). Symptoms: lesions occur mostly near leaf tips, but sometimes start at the margin of the blade and develop into large ellipsoid areas encircled by dark-brown, narrow bands accompanied by a light-brown halo drought recovery scale Calculation - Flag leaf -1 area Calculate as length times the width of the leaf below the flag leaf, multiplied by a constant (0.725) Vegetative vigor Assess the vigor of plants in early vegetative stage Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) NRGQASC - Grain thickness Sterility Male pollen The degree of male (pollen) sterility MaleSter Pollen sterility Calculate ratio of total aerenchyma area to culm area Calculation - Partial culm porosity square millimeter KSmut Kernel smut Kernel smut Incidence The type and severity of kernel smut symptoms caused by Tilletia barclayana causing kernel smut. View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the wider portion of the culm pith Image analysis - Major pith diameter stem borer deepwater damage scale Chalkiness Endosperm Chalkiness of endosperm Clk Describes the extent to which milled (polished, white) rice appears to be a chalky white colour as opposed to translucent white. The chalky appearance arises from the incomplete development of starch grains in the endosperm, which leaves tiny air pockets between starch granules and results in weak grains Cultivated species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of three representative plants Average culm diameter - cultivated species Spikelet The proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains Fertility SpkFer Spikelet fertility Culm strength Culm Strength CulmStr The stiffness of the culm and its resilience to being bent over Estimate the proportion of plants that are damaged by rats Rat damage incidence estimation Spikelet SpD Total number of spikelets per unit area Spikelets density Number per area Average - Straw yield Dry aboveground plant parts, excluding panicles. Weigh and take the average weight per plant bacterial blight race 1 damage scale field Compute the average diameter of the basal portion of the main culm on three representative plants Average culm diameter mm Spikelet DiFlwT Time to initial flowering (from transplanting) Time elapsed from date of transplanting to initial flowering stage Time to intitial flowering from transplanting Unfilled spikelet Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per panicle Unfilled spikelets per panicle USpPan Number Examine the colour of the keel of mature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Keel anthocyanin mature examination leaf blast damage scale Average - Panicle temperature Take representative panicles, measure temperature near panicle surface with an infrared gun and take the average Rice tungro disease estimation - greenhouse Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RTungroSev_Est_0to9 after 4 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Milled polished grain Zinc content in polished grain Zinc content Zinc content in grain Calculate the number of days between transplanting and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Calculation - Days to flowering from transplanting culm angle UPOV scale cm SPAD unit Stigma Stigma color Color of stigma StgmCol Colour Time to flowering (from transplanting) DFlwT Time elapsed from date of transplanting to flowering stage Spikelet Time to flowering from transplanting Diameter of the hollow portion of the culm Diameter Pith PithD Pith diameter Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which first flush of flowering heads appear First heading date observation Leaves per plant Observe the shape of the caryopsis in lateral view Caryopsis shape UPOV Grain Grain elongation Elongation The extend to which grains elongate during cooking. High elongation is typical of basmati types of rice GrElong Ligule shape determination - cultivated Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice Average - Leaf dry weight Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight, weigh and take the average leaf weight lemma and palea pubescence scale UPOV leaf blade anthocyanin distribution scale brown planthopper injury scale greenhouse Panicle basal branch number Number of primary branches on the basal whorl of the panicle Number Panicle basal branch PanN StmElong Elongation Stem elongation Stem The ability of the stem to elongate as flood water rises and thus to keep the topmost leaves above water level Aerenchyma area Stem aerenchyma AerA Area Area of an air space in a cross-section of the culm Calculation - Filled spikelet per panicle Calculate from the number of filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 narrow brown leaf spot scale Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure stomatal conductance with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Gas exchange stomatal conductance in SITIS platform 1/ oven dry the harvested grains to constant dry weight. 2/ Derive the grain yield from the panicle density, the 1000-grain weight, the number of filled spikelets per panicle or spikelets per panicle and filled spikelet percentage Calculation - Grain yield from components of yield Calculation - Spikelets per hill Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of hills per m2 mg g-1 dry matter Measure the average length of the sterile lemmas of five spikelets. If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet differ in length, measure only the shorter one. Average sterile lemma length - shorter immature apiculus anthocyanin scale kernel smut incidence scale chalkiness 0-9 scale Wild species: take a random sample of 10 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance 10 grain weight measurement Unfilled spikelet Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per unit area USpD Unfilled spikelets density Number per area Calculate the number of days between the heading date and the date of exsertion of the last spikelet Calculation - Days to panicle exsertion Calculate from the number of half-filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 Calculation - Half-filled spikelet per panicle Flag leaf angle estimation cult early Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Manual measurement - Gas exchange photosynthetic rate in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure photosynthetic rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) millimeter Calculation - Head milled rice rate Calculate as the ratio of head rice weight (kernel longer than or equal to 3/4 full length of a kernel) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Spikelets per hill panicle blast damage scale immature lemma and palea colour scale Count the number of panicles on representative plants and compute the average Average - Panicles per plant The type and severity of sheath blight symptoms caused by Thanethoporus cucumeris (Rhizoctonia solani). Symptoms: ellipsoidal, necrotic grayish-green lesions, which may enlarge and coalesce with other lesions, initially on lower leaf sheaths Relative height Sheath blight Sheath blight ShBltInc AnLt Length Anther length Anther length Anther PanBrArr The arrangement of primary branches on the panicle axis, grouped into whorls or individually on alternate sides Panicle branch Panicle branch arrangement Arrangement leaf angle scale zinc deficiency injury scale Describes the ease with which grains are removed from the panicle during threshing PanThr Threshability Panicle Panicle threshability CDMin Minor diameter Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath Culm minor diameter - 2nd internode 2nd elongated culm internode Calculate as the difference between the main heading date and the date of effective seeding Days to 80% flowering count Panicle dry weight per plant Panicle PDWplt Weight per plant Panicle dry weight per plant glume opening scale grain width UPOV scale Calculation - Soil moisture tension at wilting point Derive from the soil moisture retention (pF) curve using the soil moisture content at wilting point. Manual measurement - SPAD meter reading Take flag leaf of randomly selected plants and do multiple SPAD readings from tip to base of the leaf. Partial porosity CulmPP Culm Culm partial porosity Ratio of aerenchyma area to culm area Estimate the type and severity of damage to leaves Bacterial leaf streak damage estimation rice delphacid injury scale greenhouse Average panicle length - immature Measure the length of main axis of the immature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average Awn presence Observe the presence or absence of awns on maturing spikelets Phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse In a greenhouse test, grow each line in culture solution under two conditions: 0.5ppm P (low P) and 10ppm P (standard P). Estimate the propoprtion of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P gel consistency scale Average - Stem dry weight Oven dry representative stems at 70degC to constant weight. Weigh and take the average stem weight Dry mass accumulated per panicle per unit of time Filling rate Grain filling rate Spikelet GFR Thrip ThripDam Damage The extent of damage caused by thrips (Stenchaetothrips biformis) Thrip damage Total number of spikelets per panicle SpPan Spikelets per panicle Spikelet Number per panicle Area of the hollow region of the culm Area Pith area PithA Pith Calculation - Nonstructural carbohydrate content Take sum of sucrose content and starch content from PLS-FTIR analysis Stem rot StmRotInc Incidence Stem rot The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by Magnaporthe salvinii (Nakatea sigmoidea, Sclerotium oryzae) and Helminthosporium sigmoideum var. irregulare. Symptoms: dark lesions develop on the stems near the water line. Small, dark bodies (sclerotia) develop, weaken the stem and cause lodging. If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm node underlying colour examination Distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch PanBasBrDist Panicle distance to basal branch Panicle/basal branch Distance Count number of green leaves on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average number Average - Green leaf number Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration Grassy stunt 2 disease estimation mm/mm Examine pollen grains under a microscrope and estimate the proportion that are sterile Male sterility estimation awn length scale cult millimeter Cultivated species: assess the hairiness of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards Leaf blade pubescence submergence survival scale grams per square meter leaf senescence harvest scale Calculate the number of days between transplanting and initial flowering dates Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom transplanting Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade Anthocyanin content LfBladAnth Leaf blade anthocyanin Leaf blade case worm damage scale false smut incidence scale Bacterial blight race 2 damage estimation field Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 2 Cervitec reading Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 1 Bacterial blight race 1 damage estimation field Damage The type and severity of bacterial blight symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Symptoms: lesions usually start near the leaf tip or leaf margins or both, and extend down the outer edge(s). Young lesions are pale green to grayish green, later turning yellow to gray (dead) with time. In very susceptible varieties, lesions may extend to the entire leaf length into the leaf sheath BBDam Bacterial blight damage Bacterial blight Grain length to width ratio GLWR Grain Ratio of grain length to grain width Length to width ratio vegetative vigor scale Estimate visually the presence or absence of a purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf blade anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade Leaf blade anthocyanin presence Rice bug damage assessment Observe the proportion of injured grains per panicle caused by rice bug Stem rot incidence estimation Estimate the propotion of tillers that are infected sterile lemma color scale cult Calculation - Number of panicles per square meter Calculate from total number of panicles per hill and the area of the hills sampled length to width ratio Average - Canopy height Measure distance from soil surface to top level of the canopy of representative plants and take the average StCWC Wall carbohydrate content Stem Cell wall carbohydrate content in the stem Stem cell wall carbohydrate content Spikelets per panicle Predict sucrose content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Sucrose content centimeter flag leaf angle scale cult late Ligule color estimation - wild Wild species: estimate visually the colour of ligules at anthesis. TDM Aboveground dry matter Dry matter yield Yield Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per area Correct the oven-dried grain yield to 14% moisture content Calculation -grain yield correction to 14% moisture content stem elongation scale sensed aroma uncooked scale Consistency Gel consistency Gel Describes the consistency of a rice gel formed by grinding, chemically treating, boiling, and cooling a sample of grains. This measures the tendency of cooked rice to harden on cooling, a function of carbohydrate composition GelC bacterial blight damage scale field % leaf area affected gram If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm internode underlying colour examination Panicle axis texture scale submergence relative survival scale Spikelets per panicle cm Colour of the sterile lemmas Sterile lemma Colour StrLmCol Sterile lemma color Thickness LfST Leaf sheath Thickness of the leaf sheath surrounding the stem Leaf sheath thickness apiculus shape scale gram per plant fertility restoration scale millimeter brown planthopper biotype 1 injury scale EInt Culm internode Number of elongated internodes on the culm Elongated internode number Number Estimate the % leaf area diseased Brown spot damage estimation Count the number of filled spikelets per panicle. Repeat the measurement on other representative panicles. Take the average number of filled spikelets per panicle. Average - Filled spikelet number per panicle Length of sterile lemmas StrLmLng Length Sterile lemma length Sterile lemma Culm angle estimation Estimate by eye the average angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical DiFlwS Time to initial flowering from sowing Spikelet Time elapsed from date of sowing to initial flowering stage Time to initial flowering (from sowing) Total surface area of root system RtA Surface area Root surface area Root Flowering cold injury Observe effects on spikelet fertility, heading and growth of plants grown at 17-18 degrees during flowering Average leaf width Measure width at the widest portion of the penultimate leaf on the main culm of five representative plants. Calculate average Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the wider portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter. Average - Major stem diameter Yellow stem borer deadheart damage assessment At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart caused by Scirpophaga incertulas. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart LfBladGreen Leaf blade Greeness Intensity of greenness on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade, if visible under any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin Leaf blade greenness Panicle axis PanAxText Panicle axis texture Texture Texture of the main axis of the panicle Time of 50% heading scale Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice Ligule shape determination - wild culm diameter scale cult Calculation - Soil moisture content at wilting point Calculate as the ratio of soil oven-dried weight to soil fresh weight at wilting point. kg per kg panicle exsertion scale Rate of water loss from the leaf Transpiration rate Leaf Tr Transpiration rate Unfilled grain weight Weight Unfilled spikelets Dry weight of an unfilled spikelet, including the hull TUfGW millimeter lemma phenol reaction scale method_of collar anthocyanin presence scale Spikelets per panicle day Time elapsed from date of sowing to flowering stage Time to flowering from sowing Time to flowering (from sowing) Spikelet DFlwS Calculate the ratio of pith area to culm area Calculation - Culm porosity Estimate the earliness of the heading in plots, defining time of heading as the date when 50% of plants have panicles halfway emerged Time of 50% heading estimation mature lemma and palea color scale UPOV Proportion Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are unfilled UFSpPct Unfilled spikelets proportion Unfilled spikelet View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to count the number of air spaces in the culm Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma number Caryopsis shape scale UPOV Caryopsis width scale Lf Leaf total number Leaf Number per plant Total number of fully expanded leaves produced per plant from germination to flowering Estimate the average number of panicles per plant. Number of panicles per plant estimation Describes how much of a sample of milled rice comprises whole rather than broken kernels. Head rice is defined as kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels Proportion HdR Head rice Head rice Flag leaf angle estimation cult late Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves CDMaj Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath Major diameter Culm major diameter - 2nd internode 2nd elongated culm internode Panicle blast damage estimation Observe the damage to panicles Average panicle distance to basal branch Measure the distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch on five representative panicles and calculate their average Assess the vigor of seedlings Seedling vigor Incidence Sheath rot ShRotInc The type and severity of sheath rot symptoms caused by Soracladium oryzae. Symptoms: oblong or irregular brown to grey lesions on the leaf sheath near panicle, sometimes coalescing to prevent emergence of panicle. Sheath rot Outcrossing calculation Grow the male sterile line in the field, ensuring an abundant supply of pollen from other plants while it is flowering. Calculate the proportion of seed set on the out-pollinated primary panicles Observe growth in alkaline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores. Alkali injury assessment False smut incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected Place hulls from 10 grains into a petri dish of 5 cm diameter, add 5 ml of 1.5% phenol solution, cover the petri dish, and keep at room temperature for 1 day. Observe the intensity of the reaction of the phnol on the lemmas Lemma phenol reaction millimeter leaf blast damage type scale culm angle SES scale Submergence Submergence tolerance Tolerance SubTol The ability of plants to survive a period of submergence mature lemma and palea color scale IRRI Glume GlOp Opening The extent to which the glumes (i.e. the lemma and palea) of a floret open during blooming Glume opening gram per plant 2nd elongated stem internode SDMaj Stem major diameter - 2nd internode Major diameter Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath cm Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 3 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Brown planthopper biotype 3 injury assessment Calculate the number of days between emergence and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Calculation - Days to flowering from emergence day Observe the attitude of the main axis of the panicle Panicle axis observation mmol H2O m-2 s-1 culm node anthocyanin presence scale Count number of fully expanded leaves that appeared on representatiove plants from germination to flowering. Take the average number Average - Total leaf number Predict lignin content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Lignin content Thickness of grain with hull Thickness GrThk Spikelet Grain thickness millimeter Greenhouse screening: divide the % of plants that survive submergence by the survival of the tolerant control variety e.g. FR13A, and express as a percentage Submergence relative survival assessment Predict ash content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Ash content count Root Root diameter RtD Diameter of a cross-section of the root Diameter Leaf blade pubescence estimation wild Wild species: assess the hairiness and the location of hairs on the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards. yellow stem borer deadheart damage scale UfraDam Incidence The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by the stem nematode Ditylenchus angustus. Symptoms: leaf mottling or chlorotic discoloration in a splash pattern at base of young leaves in stem elongation or mid-tillering stage, brown stains may develop on leaves and sheaths which later intensify to a dark brown color, distortion (twisting and withering) of young leaves, distortion of panicles which either remain enclosed within a swollen sheath, or partially emerge but are twisted and with unfilled grains, or emerge completely but with unfilled grains and resembling a whitehead. Ufra Ufra mg g-1 dry matter Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea. In the case of awned varieties, measure to a point comparable to the tip of the apiculus, i.e. excluding the awn. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains Average grain length Observe the severity of damage caused by rice whorl maggot Rice whorl maggot damage assessment Stomatal resistance Inverse of stomatal conductance Water vapor resistance Rs Stomata culm node underlying colour scale Measure the average thickness of 10 representative spikelets, 1 cm from the apiculus of the spikelet. Average awn thickness Iron toxicity IronInj Injury Iron toxicity injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high (toxic) iron content in the growing medium Describes the aroma of rice grains Scent Scent Sct Caryopsis culm node anthocyanin intensity scale Apiculus color Apiculus of lemma ApCol Colour Color of the apiculus of the lemma auricle anthocyanin presence scale RatDam The extent of damage caused by rats. Symptoms: the tiller is cut at a 45 degrees angle. Damage is typically heavier in the center of a crop (stadium effect). A tiller cut through by a rodent is likely to regrow, if this is after maximum tillering then the regrown tiller is unlikely to produce panicles prior to harvest. Often the regrown, but non productive, tillers are not scored as rodent damage. Rat damage Rat Damage Flag leaf-1 Dry weight Flag leaf-1 dry weight FL1Dw Dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf protein content The concentration of protein in brown (dehulled) rice Dehulled grain Brown rice protein content BRiceProtCt drought scale leaf drying count panicle threshability scale SES flowering cold injury scale bacterial blight damage scale greenhouse Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea after harvest. Mature lemma and palea color Cook freshly harvested grains and smell the aroma Sensed aroma cooked mature apiculus anthocyanin scale Calculation - Stem diameter Take the average of major and minor stem diameters of the second elongated internode from the base Stem total nonstructural carbohydrate content Nonstructural carbohydrate content in the stem Non-structural carbohydrate content Stem StNSC seedling height scale Average panicle length - mature Measure the length of main axis of the mature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average Culm strength scale SES Ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight Specific area Flag leaf specific area Flag leaf FLSla cm % Calculation - Grain length to width ratio Take ratio of grain length to grain width awn length scale wild Code phenotypic acceptability scale Sterile lemma color examination wild Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. brown planthopper biotype 2 injury scale Number per hill Spikelet Total number of spikelets per hill Spikelets per hill SpHill udbatta disease incidence scale Panicle branch arrangement assessment Observe whether primary branches on the panicle axis are grouped into whorls or are borne individually on alternate sides millimeter Panicles per plant Culm node anthocyanin distribution Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Injury Drought Drought injury DhtInj The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by drought. Leaf rolling precedes leaf drying during drought. Response to drought is highly responsive to crop phenology, plant growth prior to stress, and the timing, duration, and intensity of drought stress. For many soils, it takes at least 2 rainless weeks during the vegetative stage to cause marked differences in response and at least 7 rainless days during the reproductive stage to cause severe drought injury. Repeated ratings are recommended through progress of the drought. Record the stage of plant growth when the stress occurred and the number of stress days. Average - Grain yield per plant Measure weight of filled grains from primary and secondary panicles harvested on one plant. Repeat measurement on representative plants. Take the average awn color scale anthesis UPOV Awn distribution scale Calculation - Pith diameter Calculate the average of major and minor pith diameters of the second internode from the base Estimate the percentage of leaf area affected by leaf blast Leaf blast damage amount bacterial leaf streak damage scale millimolar trolox equivalent Average seedling height Measure the height of 10 seedlings from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade, and calculate the average cm Damage RDelphDam Rice delphacid The extent of damage caused by rice delphacid (Sogatodes oryzicola (Tagosodes orizicolus)). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. Rice delphacid awn presence scale wild % Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice Ligule shape determination FerTil Fertile tiller Tiller fertility Proportion Proportion of reproductive tillers Water extraction capacity Water extraction capacity Plant Capcaity of the plant to extract water from the soil SMTwp grassy stunt 1 disease scale ligule shape scale wild Calculation - Unfilled spikelet per panicle Calculate from the unfilled spikelet density and the panicles density % GY Yield Grain yield Spikelet Amount of grain (weight) produced per area Weight per area Dry weight of half-filled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis Half-filled spikelet weight per area Spikelet HFSpY The type and severity of narrow brown leaf spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Sphaerulina oryzina (Cercospora janseana) NBLSDam Narrow brown leaf spot Damage Narrow brown leaf spot damage Culm total porosity Culm CulmTP Total porosity Ratio of aerenchyma and pith area to culm area Culm strength estimation - RD Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground % abortion pattern scale Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root volume based on image analysis Image analysis - Root volume using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content from PLS-FTIR analysis Calculation - Total stem material ApAnth Apiculus anthocyanin Apiculus of lemma Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of the lemma Anthocyanin content Estimate the extent of leaf rolling on exposure to drought Drought estimation leaf rolling NRGQASC - Grain width Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) day Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground at intervals from harvest to maturity Culm strength estimation - SES millimeter A classification of male sterility according to the type or cause of sterility Male pollen Male sterility group MaleSterGp Sterility cause ligule margin shape scale View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the narrower portion of the culm pith Image analysis - Minor pith diameter mm Measure width at the widest portion of the flag leaf on five representative plants. Calculate average Average flag leaf width cm2 g-1 millimeter Take inverse of stomatal conductance Calculation - Stomatal resistance ligule shape scale cult SES mm yellow mottle disease scale Leaf margin pubescence LfMargPub Pubescence Leaf margin Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the leaf margin phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse scale g per 1000 spikelets Step 1 (pollen fertility: see pollen sterility score): Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the percentage that are fertile, and score. Step 2 (spikelet fertility): count the number of filled grains andtotal spikelets per panicle and convert into percentage fertile. Score the combination of pollen fertility with spikelet fertility Fertility restoration evaluation millimeter number of tillers Calculation - Grain yield per plant Derive grain weight per plant from number of productive panicles per plant, 1000-grain weight, and number filled spikelets per panicle. Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade Pubescence Leaf blade pubescence LfBladPub Leaf blade alkali digestion scale degree Celsius Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on seedlings Rice delphacid injury assessment greenhouse stem rot incidence scale Number per plant Reproductive tiller Total number of productive tillers arising from the base of each plant TilProd Productive tiller number per plant Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Dry weight Pooled dry weight of the flag leaf and the leaf below it Dry weight of flag leaf and flag leaf-1 FLpDw Porosity ratio Estimate the severity of damage caused by thrips Thrips damage assessment immature apiculus color IRRI scale Maturity days after seeding Monitor daily , note the date when 80-85% of grains on panicles are mature, and count the number of days lapsed since the date of effective seeding Calculation - Harvest index Take ratio of grain yield to total dry matter per area Use standard laboratory procedure (XRF- Fluorescence Analyzer) to determine the zinc content in a sample of polished grain. The recommended sample size is 10g. Zinc content - XRF fluorescence analyser Brown planthopper biotype 2 injury assessment Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 2 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings rat damage incidence scale pericarp colour UPOV scale scale_of Panicles per hill mg g-1 dry matter % Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis Calculation - Unfilled spikelets per square meter Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root diameter based on image Winrhyzo analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length. Image analysis - Root diameter using WinRhizo in SITIS platform drought scale spikelet sterility Take the difference between the stem diameter and culm diameter and divide this by 2 Calculation - Leaf sheath thickness percent Straw yield Yield Straw dry matter weight (ie aboveground dry matter without the grains) per area Straw StDM culm internode anthocyanin scale cm AnCo Colour of anther Colour Anther colour Anther ragged stunt disease scale ligule shape scale UPOV Measure length of the flag leaf, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average Average flag leaf length Calculation - Spikelets half-filled weight on area basis Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Specific area FLpSla Specific area of flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Ratio of pooled flag leaf area to pooled flag leaf dry mass hoja blanca vegetative disease scale Proportion of brown rice (dehulled grains) obtained from rough rice (hulled grain) Proportion Brown rice rate BRR Dehulled grain after milling Heat Sensitivity Heat injury HeatSens The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high temperature. The key period of sensitivity is during flowering rice delphacid injury scale field anther colour scale Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters Calculation - Culm diameter Date of flowering Flowering date flowering date Plant FlwDate stigma exsertion scale Before starting to score phenotypic acceptability, define what is excellent, good ... unacceptable grain for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets, and then score the phenotypic acceptability of mature grain Phenotypic acceptability estimation Green leaves per plant millimeter Stem elongation estimation Estimate the ability of stems to elongate based on comparison with check varieties. Specify water depth under which the data was recorded stigma color scale 1 grams per square meter About 2 weeks after flowering, measure grain weight twice at a week interval. Then, compute the grain filling rate by dividing the difference in weight by the time interval. Eg grain weight at 21 days after flowering minus grain weight at 15 days after flowering divided by six days Calculation - Grain filling rate % kneeing ability Stem KneeAb The ability of a stem, after it has fallen flat e.g. after floodwater recedes, to start growing upright from a young node (the knee)) and bear panicles, typically an ability expressed by deepwater varieties (applicable only in conditions where culms have fallen flat) Kneeing ability Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 (= SPM2/PANM2) Calculation - Spikelets per panicle g per 1000 spikelets Partial porosity ratio panicle exsertion male sterile scale Incidence BakInc In of bakanae disease symptoms caused by Gibberella fujikuroi. Symptoms: the plant elongates abnormally, has few tillers, and usually dies before producing grains Bakanae disease Bakanae disease Yellow dwarf The type and severity of yellow dwarf symptoms caused by a mycoplasma. Symptoms: pale yellow, droopy leaves, excessive tillering and stunting Severity YellowDwarfSev Yellow dwarf mg g-1 dry matter panicle threshability scale RD Score RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9 5 weeks after inoculation in the greenhouse, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored . Ragged stunt disease index Keel anthocyanin mature scale Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test Bacterial blight damage estimation field gram BLSAnth Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin Anthocyanin content Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Basal leaf sheath Calculation - Flag leaf specific leaf area Take the ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight Brown planthopper biotype 1 injury assessment Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 1 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Average awn length Calculate the average length of the awns on 10 randomly selected spikelets Sensed aroma uncooked Vapourise the main component of aroma in rice (2AP: 2-acetyl-1pyrroline)) by adding 10 ml of a 1.7% solution of KOH to 2 g of freshly harvested decorticated grains. Smell the aroma after ten minutes millibars For deepwater rice, make dissections of 20 or more tillers per plot or row after heading, count the numbers of infested tillers and estimate the proportion of infested tillers Stem borer deepwater damage assessment GLf Number of green leaves on the main culm Number per plant Green leaf number Green leaf mm Tillering scale Total root length Root length RtL Length Root Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure transpiration rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Gas exchange transpiration rate in SITIS platform cm/cm coleoptile anthocyanin scale percent Width of leaf below the flag leaf Flag leaf-1 FL1W Flag leaf-1 width Width panicle axis scale UPOV millimeter CanH Height Canopy Distance from soil surface to top of canopy Canopy height culm internode underlying colour scale green leafhopper injury scale field ligule color scale wild LodInc Incidence Describes the tendency of plants to lodge /(fall flat/) Lodging Lodging incidence Sheath blight relative height estimation Estimate the relative lesion height, as the average height above the soil of the uppermost lesion on a leaf blade or leaf sheath expressed as a percentage of the average plant height. gram Photosynthetic rate PS Carbon dioxide assimilation rate of the leaf Photosynthetic rate Leaf sheath blight relative height scale Spikelets per panicle drought scale leaf rolling Total dry weight of leaves per plant Dry weight per plant LDWplt Leaf Leaf dry weight per plant g per plot percent phosphorus deficiency tillering field scale mm mature lemma and palea ornamentation scale UPOV leaf margin pubescence scale Observe the vigor, leaf colour and damage to seedlings grown at 10 degrees C Seedling cold injury Yield measurement Harvest grain from at least 5 m2/plot, discarding at least three border rows. Thresh, dry the rough (paddy) rice to 14% moisture content, and weigh. Drought recovery estimation 10 days after soaking rain or watering ends a period of drought, estimate the % of plants that recover. Indicate the degree of drought stress before watering gram per plant Tillers per hill ufra incidence scale In a greenhouse test, adjust the unadjusted injury ratings R for test entries by dividing by R for the susceptible check and multiplying by 100% Leaffolder adjusted injury rating Spikelet Weight per plant Amount of grain (weight) produced per one plant GYplt Grain yield per plant percent Ligule color estimation - cultivated Cultivated species: visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering. Stigma color examination Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the stigmata when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare the colour against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. centimeter Lodging incidence scale Panicles per m2 bird damage incidence scale Observe the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the collars Collar anthocyanin presence secondary panicle branching scale Assess the type of lesion Leaf blast damage type Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains Average grain width Estimate the % of leaf area that have been scraped by case worms Case worm damage assessment Estimate the tiller angle at the point of kneeing Kneeing ability estimation SES brown spot damage scale Pattern Secondary panicle branching Spikelet on secondary branch of panicle The abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle Pan2ndBr Yellow dwarf disease assessment Estimate the type and severity of symptoms on secondary growth after cutting at the base percent Examine the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of immature lemmas Immature apiculus anthocyanin examination Keel anthocyanin immature scale iron injury scale Days % gram spikelet fertility scale RD mm grams per day mg g-1 dry matter Grassy stunt 1 disease estimation Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration Diameter Pith Diameter of the narrower portion of pith Pith minor diameter PDMin Tillers per plant kg per ha Grain discoloration incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of glumes that are discoloured gram Rice tungro disease The type and severity of tungro symptoms caused by the Rice tungro virus bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). Symptoms: yellow to yellow orange leaves, stunting and slightly reduced tillering RTungroSev Rice tungro Severity Anther colour examination Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the anthers when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Use 3-digit scale codes for common scoring system across all colour traits cm2 cm-2 Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area and pith area to the culm area Calculation - Total culm porosity bakanae disease incidence scale ligule color scale cult % No scale name found day degree Celsius square centimeter variable_of count AYLD_CONT method Record the actual grain yield grain harvested on a plot. mol H2O m-2 s-1 Caryopsis length SES Measure and score the length of the caryopsis Leaf folder injury assessment field Use an augmented experimental design, with a susceptible and resistant check (if available) after every 10 test entries. Replicate test entries three times if seed is available. Observe the proportion of plants with injured and folded leaves. The susceptible check should average at least 40% to accept the test as a measure of resistance panicle shattering scale hoja blanca reproductive disease scale square centimeter ppm mm Total porosity ratio mm Branches per panicle Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea before the grain ripens. Immature lemma and palea colour seedling cold injury scale