PS_LCPro_umol
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Vigorous, fast growing
3
Difficult less than 1%
1
Erect <30?
1
Clk_Cerv_cerv
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
061
060
3
UFSpPan_CompD_SpPan
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Medium
5
SpPan_CM_SpPan
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Medium
5
few drought symptoms
4
36-50%
7
BPHDam_GH1_0to9
BPH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
LfLng_Av_cm
LEAF_LENGTH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
100 Black
8
Short
3
Acute to acuminate
2
PithA_IA_mm2
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
StLIG_AM_mgg
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
2
Highly fertile >90%
5
CaryoLng_MeasSES_1to7
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Narrow
3
AwCol_ImmatEst_IRRI0to8
ANC
AWCO
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Leaves with pronounced yellowing and some stunting or wilting and 10-25% of plants with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted
5
FL1L_Av_cm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
StrLmCol_Est_1to4
STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Medium
5
More than 80% spikelets fertile
1
PDMin_IA_mm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
GrnWt_1000Wgh_1to7
GRNWT
GRWT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
No injury
0
LigShp_CultEst_RD0to3
LIGULE_SHAPE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
LmPCol_MatEst_SES1to10
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying
5
More than 50% infected panicles
9
1-5%
1
ApSh_Est_1to2
APSH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
1-5%
3
Purple
9
Sct_SmellUncook_0to2
SCT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Rapidly coalescing small, whitish, grayish, or bluish lesions without distinct margins
9
ApCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to6
APC
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Less than 1%
1
ColdSens_VegEst_0to9
CTOL
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
SpD_CM_spk
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
ORAC_MM_trol
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
White
11
084
5
BPHDam_Fld_0to9
BPH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Int2L_Av_cm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Extra vigorous, very fast growing, most plants with 5-6 leaves and 2 or more tillers
1
MaleSter_Comp_1to9
MSTERILE
POLLEN_STERILITY
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
SdGerm_Est_Pct
SG
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
2
RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9
RGSV1
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
KeelAnth_MatEst_0to7
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
LfBlastDam_EstAmt_0to9
BLAST
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
FLpSla_CM_cm2g
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
very early
1
RBugDam_Est_0to9
RICE_BUG_DAMAGE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
reddish to light purple
4
LigCol_CultEst_0to5
LIGULE_COLOR
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
TilPlt_Av_TillPlt
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
HfGW_Av_g1000gr
THfGW
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
011 Whitish
1
BS_Est_0to9
BS
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Lf_Av_LfPlt
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
0-19%
9
AwDist_Est_1to5
AWDIST
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
CulmPP_CM_r
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
TilHill_Av_TillH
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Lesion type is the same as in scale 2, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves
3
RTungroSev_Est_0to9
RTD1
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
LigCol_Est_0to3
LIGULE_COLOR
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
75-94%
5
No damage
0
ZnCt_Meas_ppm
CIAT
CÈcile Grenier
Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves discolored
3
LfFolderDam_EstSingleLead_0to3
LEAFFOLDER
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
PanBrNo_Av_BrPan
pbasbrno
PBPan_MM_BrPan
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
51-75%
8
1-10%
1
None
0
51-75%
8
052 Brown (tawny)
4
GrnWt_10Wgh_g
GRNWT
GRWT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
GYplt_Av_g
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Almost all plants dead or dying
9
CulmDiam_CultAv_1or2
CMD
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
SubTol_GHEst_1to9
SUB
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
ColdSens_SeedlEst_0to9
CTOL
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
053
5
PanLng_MatAv_UPOV1to3
PNL
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
31-45%
5
LfFolderDam_EstFld_0to9
LEAFFOLDER
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
CulmDiam_Av_1to7
CMD
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
CulmSP_CM_r
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
RaggedStuntSev_Index_Pct
RAGGED_STUNT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
OutXExt_Comp_1to9
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area
5
gold
2
Weak
3
Straw
2
MRR_CM_pct
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
RDelphDam_EstFld_0to9
RICE_DELPHACID
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
FlgLfAng_WildAv_1to7
FLA
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Fertile 75-89%
3
060
2
Lesion on a few primary branches or the middle part of panicle axis
3
Highly sterile (99%-99.9%)
3
StemBorer_WhiteHeadEst_0to9
STEM_BORER_DAMAGE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
080
7
male sterile
3
UFSpY_CM_gm2
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
RatDam_Est_1to9
RAT_DAMAGE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
PanLng_MatAv_cm
PNL
PanL_MM_cm
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Narrow or slightly elliptical lesions, 1-2 mm in breadth, more than 3 mm long with a brown margin
5
More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting
5
PanHill_Av_PanHill
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Non-glutinous (non-waxy, stains dark blue purple)
1
No damage
0
DhtInj_EstRoll_0to9
DRS_DRY_0_9
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
StSTR_AM_mgg
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
HI_CM_r
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
StSUC_AM_mgg
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
UFSpPct_CM_pct
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Absent
0
Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with numerous small tillers.
3
StemBorer_DeadheartEst_0to9
STEM_BORER_DAMAGE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Early (all leaves have lost their green colour at harvest)
3
4
CollCol_Est_SES0to3
CC
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface)
9
Extra long more than 7.5 mm
1
Low (~3%)
3
Weak
3
Horizontal
5
GrYld_wgh_gplot
GrYld_wgh_gplot
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
8
GrWdt_Meas_1to7
GRW
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
purple
5
FGW_MM_g1000gr
TGW
1000GW
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface)
9
AwCol_ImmatEst_SES0to6
ANC
AWCO
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Typical susceptible blast lesions 3 mm or longer, infecting less than 4% of the leaf area
4
010
1
FSpPan_Av_SpPan
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
PDef_GHEst_1to9
P1
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
High
7
CDMin_IA_mm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Better than that of non-elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of elongating semidwarf
7
LmPCol_MatEst_IRRI1to11
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
CulmNodAnth_DistrEst_0to3
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_Pct
LEAFFOLDER
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
CulmDiam_CultAv_mm
CMD
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
PanT_Av_degC
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
DhtRecov_Est_0to9
DRT7_DRY_0_9
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
GrDiscol_Est_0to9
GRAIN_DISCOLORATION
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area
5
StemBorer_DeepWatEst_0to9
STEM_BORER_DAMAGE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Less than 1% (apical lesions)
1
Kernel swollen with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp
4
LmPPub_Est_UPOV1to9
LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
40-49 degrees
3
BPHDam_GH_0to9
BPH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Partially sterile (70%-94.9%)
7
LfBladPub_WildEst_1to4
LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
LodInc_Meas_pct
LG
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Very short <11 cm
1
000
0
0%
0
Genetically engineered (transgenic type)
5
Medium
5
yellowish
2
LfBladPub_CultEst_UPOV1to7
LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
GrYld_Comp_kgha
GrYld_Comp_kgha
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Yellow to orange and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with few small tillers
9
Present
9
BBDam_EstFld2_1to9
BB
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
StgExers_Comp_1to9
STIGMA_EXSERTION
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
041
1
More than 1/2 of the injured with some broken leaves
9
Less than 1%
1
FlgLfWdt_Av_cm
FGLW
FLW_MM_cm
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
More than half of plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted
7
GallMidgeDam_EstGH_0to9
GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
11-20%
3
012
2
KneeAb_EstAng_1to9
KNEEING_ABILITY
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
SMTwp_CM_mb
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Absent
0
PericCol_Exam_1to7UPOV
SCCO
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
LfBlastDam_EstTyp_0to9
BLAST
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
FLA_CM_cm2
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Highly sterile 1-49%
2
Erect (compact)
1
GYplt_CM_g
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
GrElong_Comp_ratio
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
HojaBlancaSev_VegEst_0to9
HOJA_BLANCA
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
PanD_Calc_Panm2
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
AwLng_CultMax_0to9
ANL
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
GelC_Meas_mm
GELC
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
ApCol_ImmatEst_IRRI1to9
APC
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
062
2
Half spindle-shaped
3
Abortion at later stage: pollen grains look like fertile pollen (518A cytoplasm from O. nivara)
9
010
1
SpSter_CM_pct
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
13-25%
5
Absent or very weak
1
75-94%
5
TMat_Meas_d
MAT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
11-20%
3
strong
7
No damage
0
Intermediate 41-60 mm
3
GLhDam_EstGH_0to9
GLH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Scabrous
1
LigShp_Est_1to2
LIGULE_SHAPE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Upright
1
Easy: >50% of grains removed
3
AwLng_WildAv_0to9
ANL
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Short 71-90 cm
3
6-10%
3
acute
1
BLSCol_Est_1to4
BLSC_CO_1_4
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
GallMidgeDam_EstFld_0to9
GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
70-89%
3
FLpDw_Av_g
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
TiFlwT_CM_d
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
060
8
LigShp_CultEst_SES0to3
LIGULE_SHAPE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
050
2
FlgLfAng_LateAv_1to7
FLA
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
CulmAng_Est_SES1to9
CMA_CO_1_9
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Short
7
60-79%
3
CulmLng_Av_cm
CML
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
CulmD_IA_mm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
None awnless
0
Semidwarf (lowland: less than 110 cm, upland: less than 90 cm)
1
090
9
PhenAcc_Est_1to9
PHENOTYPIC_ACCEPTABILITY
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Clk_Vis_0to5
CIAT
CÈcile Grenier
GrThk_Av_mm
GRAIN_THICKNESS
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Present
9
StSTA_AM_mgg
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
YellowDwarfSev_Est_0to9
YELLOW_DWARF
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
No disease observed
0
CwallT_IA_mm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
StrLmLng_AvShort_1to9
STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
GY_CM_gm2
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
DExs_CM_d
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
2-cleft
3
CulmP_CM_r
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Long 141-155 cm
7
CollCol_Est_RD0to4
CC
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Rice ontology
7
very strong
9
white
1
Pollen free (TGMS line, e.g. Norin PL12)
1
PanBrArr_Est_1or2
pbra
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Very short <50 cm
1
ApCol_MatEst_SES1to7
APC
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
FL1Sla_CM_cm2g
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
HFSpPan_CM_SpPan
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
strong
7
070 Red
4
31-60%
7
1-5%
3
TMatT_CM_d
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Clk_Vis_0to9
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
KeelAnth_ImmatEst_0to7
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
ColeoAnth_Est_1to5
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Very weak
1
Vegetative crown and stolon
2
TFlwT_CM_d
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
light purple
7
BakInc_Est_1to9
BakInc
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Tolerant
1-3
020
2
Curved
2
Descending
7
BRiceProtCt_Meas_Pct
PRT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Dark
7
Exs_MM_cm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
More than 25%
9
Gs_LCPro_mol
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
StEXT_AM_mgg
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Intermediate ~15 mm
5
Present
9
080 Purple
7
Absent
0
LfT_LCPro_degC
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
weak
3
Intermediate 1cm - 2cm
5
AmyCt_Meas_Pct
AMY
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
31-60%
7
41-60%
5
Rs_LCPro_invm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
000
0
6-25% (apical and some marginal lesions)
5
Photoperiod-sensitive genic type (PGMS)
3
6
Very high (>50%)
9
042
3
AnLt_Av_mm
AL
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
CaryoWdt_Av_mm
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Sct_SmellCook_0to2
SCT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
All plants dead
9
100% of the kernel with chalkiness
5
StPRO_AM_mgg
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Unacceptable
9
Light Green
1
LfScald_Est_0to9
LEAF_SCALD
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
2
Non-scented
0
thin
3
Less than 5%
1
FlwDate_1stFlw_Date
FLW_DATE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
purple
5
LfFolderDam_CompRating_Pct
LEAFFOLDER
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
GLhDam_EstFld_0to9
GLH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
PlntVg_VegEst_1to9
VG
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
1-5%
1
FLsizeR_CM_r
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
GelTemp_PkTemp_Deg
GelTemp
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
gold
2
060
1
040 Gold
3
CulmNodUndCol_Est_0to2
NOCO
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves
9
Intermediate (lowland: 110-130 cm, upland: 90-125 cm)
5
FSmut_Est_0to9
FALSE_SMUT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Absent
0
KneeAb_EstPres_0or1
KNEEING_ABILITY
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
BPHDam_GH3_0to9
BPH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
BApAnth_ImmatEst_0to7
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Intermediate
2
PanAxText_Est_1or2
PA_TEXT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
1-10%
3
Short <30 cm
3
CaryoShp_Est_1to5
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
HeadT_80Comp_d
HDG
FLW
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Thick >
2
AwPres_Est_0to9
ANP
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
8
LigLng_Av_mm
LIGULE_LENGTH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
black
6
light gold
1
early
3
SGr_CM_pct
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Brown (tawny)
5
StmElong_Esr_1to9
ELONGATION
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
BBDam_EstFld1_1to9
BB
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9
RGSV2
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
26-100%
9
GrWdt_Av_mm
GRW
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Open ~40 degrees
5
61-80%
3
PanExs_Est_1to9
EXS
PEX
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
More than 75% of leaf area affected
9
51-75%
7
AnCo_Est_1to2
ANCO
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
LmPPub_Est_IRRI1to5
LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
IronInj_Est_1to9
FE1
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
BLS_Est_0to9
BLS
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
PanAxAtt_Est_UPOV1to2
PANICLE_AXIS
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
few
1
FL1A_CM_cm2
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
10% of the kernel with chalkiness
1
GLWR_CM_r
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Descending
7
More than 1/2 of leaf area scraped
3
SDWplt_Av_g
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing
3
062
2
Hairy on both sides
4
Less than 1%
1
4
light purple
7
Very weak
1
SpkSter_Comp_1to9
SPIKELET_STERILITY
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Leaves partly folded in deep V-shape
3
Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile)
9
StDM_CM_gm2
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Strong
7
variegated purple
7
Present
9
CaseWormDam_Est_0to8
CASE_WORM_DAMAGE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
WBPH_EstFld_0to9
WBPH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
UfraDam_Est_0to9
UFRA
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
31-60%
7
AwCol_MatEst_UPOV1to9
ANC
AWCO
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Very slight damage
1
PanLng_MatAv_RD1to9
PNL
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
RhyzForm_Est_1to6
RHIZOME_FORMATION
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
GY_CM_kgha
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Weak
3
No symptom observed
1
TillNo_Comp_1to9
TI
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Weak
3
GY_CMD_gm2
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Upper quarter only
2
CulmINodAnth_Est_0to2
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
GFR_CM_gday
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
HMRR_CM_pct
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Completely dispersed and cleared, low gel temp (<70C)
7
PBDam_Est_0to9
PB
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
RtV_Win_cm3
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
WBPH_EstGH_0to9
WBPH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
CanH_Av_cm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Very weak
1
Leaves green or pale green with mottling and 6% to 25% of height reduction, flowering slightly delayed
5
Absent (collarless)
0
060
4
PDWplt_Av_g
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
040 Gold
2
No infection observed
0
Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves
9
8
long
3
CulmINodUnderCol_Est_0to2
INCO
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Open ?60?
5
Hard 36-40 mm
4
Small brown specks of pinpoint size or large brown specks without sporulating center on the lower leaves
1
Purple furrows on straw
8
40-59%
5
HojaBlancaSev_ReproEst_0to9
HOJA_BLANCA
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Rolling of terminal 1/3-1/2 area of 1st and 2nd leaves
3
21-40%
3
GrT_MM_mm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
070
5
StNSC_AM_mgg
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
LigShp_WilEst_0to7
LIGULE_SHAPE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
No damage
0
0-10% height reduction, no ragged/twisted leaf, very few veins slightly swollen usually on leaf collar
3
BPHDam_GH2_0to9
BPH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
LfAng_Est_RD1to7
LEAF_ANGLE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile
4
Leaves turn yellow or orange, more than 75% height reduction, no flowering or some plants dead
9
Complete plant wilting, followed by severe yellowing and scorching
9
084
3
RtD_Win_mm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Moderately difficult 1-5%
3
SdDate_Meas_Date
DATE_SEED
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
StrLmLng_AvLong_1to9
STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Present
9
CaryoLng_Av_mm
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
052 Brown (tawny)
3
CaryoShp_Comp_1to9
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
20-29.9% seed set
3
Maximum tiller angle less than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers
5
26-50%
7
062
6
AwLng_Av_mm
ANL
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
StrLmCol_Est_1to9
STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
No disease observed
0
gold furrows
2
26-50%
7
Very long >180
9
No symptoms
0
TilD_CM_Tillm2
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Medium
5
Brown furrows on straw
4
Absent
0
LfBladAnth_PresEst_0to9
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
HSpD_CM_SpPan
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Stunting slight, tillering decreased, some basal leaves brown or yellow
3
medium
5
8
061
5
081
4
medium
5
PGWC_CM_pct
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
PedL_Av_cm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
SubTol_FldEst_1to9
SUB
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
RDelphDam_EstGH_0to9
RICE_DELPHACID
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
051
3
6-12%
3
6-25%
5
LfST_CM_mm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Triangular (and very small)
3
Purple
3
LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_0to9
LEAFFOLDER
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Tall (lowland: more than 130 cm, upland: more than 125 cm)
9
Cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction type (CMS)
1
60-79%
3
11-15%
5
000
0
1-5%
3
061
2
11-30% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration
5
BBDam_EstFld_1to9
BB
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Emarginate
4
LfAng_Est_SES1to9
LEAF_ANGLE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Brown spots on straw
3
LigCol_WildEst_0to5
LIGULE_COLOR
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
sensitive
7-9
Less than 1%
1
FSpPan_CM_SpPan
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Soft 61-80 mm
2
ShBltInc_Est_0to9
SHB
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
080
4
First and 2nd leaves with orange tips: slight stunting
3
11-25%
7
No disease observed
0
6
LfBladGreen_Est_0to3
BLCO
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Absent
0
pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 90% fertile or above
2
Tr_LCPro_mmol
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
UDInc_Est_0to9
UDBATTA_DISEASE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Some damage/leaf discoloration
3
4
RWhorlMaggDam_Est_0to9
RICE_WHORL_MAGGOT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
61-80%
7
Intermediate ~45 cm
5
6
FlwDate_80Flw_Date
FLW_DATE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Very short <5 mm
1
very strong
9
TMat_Meas_1to9
MAT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Absent
1
1-5%
1
FlgLfLng_Av_cm
FGLL
FLL_MM_cm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
straw
1
USpPan_Av_SpPan
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
No damage
0
Present
1
030
3
StgmCol_Est_1to5
STIGMA_COLOR
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
GrLng_MM_mm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
1/3 to 1/2 of leaves injured
5
CwallA_CM_mm2
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
StTWT_AM_mgg
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
CulmStr_EstRD_1to9
CS
CUST
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Straw
1
Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying
7
Medium
5
1-5%
3
11-15%
5
SeedlHt_Av_cm
SEEDLING_HEIGHT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Glabrous
1
Very slight damage
1
Very long >40 mm
9
Extra long
1
LodInc_Est_1to9
LG
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
GrWh_MM_mm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Very long (>80 cm)
9
6-25%
5
SpkFer_Est_1to5
SPIKELET_FERTILITY
SPKF
SpFert
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Drooping
9
Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead
5
Typical blast lesions infection 11-25% of the leaf area
6
Above 40% covered
9
very late
9
Spreading (>60-80 degrees, culms not resting on the ground)
7
brown
3
medium
5
PanBasBrDist_Av_mm
dist_post
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
081
4
000
0
Red
4
Round
9
SaltInj_Est_1to9
SAL
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Lightly scented
1
TiFlwS_CM_d
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
CaryoWdt_Av_1to7
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
080
1
087
8
Erect
1
Best elongation response
1
Typical blast lesions infecting 26-50% of the leaf area
7
ApAnth_ImmatEst_0to9
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
1-5%
3
UfGW_Av_g1000gr
TUfGW
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Strong
7
Partly exserted panicle base is slightly beneath the collar of the flag leaf blade
3
Sensitive
7-9
Very slight damage
1
StemBorer_YellowEst_0to9
STEM_BORER_DAMAGE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
CaryoLng_Av_1to7
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Scented
2
CI_LCPro_ppm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Tall >60 cm
7
More than 65%
9
Intermediate ?45?
3
6-10%
4
TDM_CM_gm2
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
First and 2nd leaves yellowing
3
FerTil_CM_pct
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Very weak
1
Short hairs
4
PithD_CM_mm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
26-100%
9
054
6
13-25%
5
EInt_Av_Ino
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
pollen 60-69% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile
7
080
4
Fertile 75-90%
4
reddish brown
4
RtA_Win_cm2
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Poorest elongation, or none, like non-elongating semidwarf e.g. IR42
9
All plants dead
9
StASH_AM_mgg
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
LfWdt_Av_cm
LW
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
41-70%
3
FertRest_Comp_1to9
FREST
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
PhenReac_Est_1to7
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Glabrous (smooth-including ciliated margins)
1
PanNo_Est_1to5
NUMBER_OF_PANICLES
PNO
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
6-25%
5
DMatS_CM_d
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Moderate (~15%)
5
CulmStr_EstSES_1to9
CS
CUST
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Growth and tillering retarded, many leaves discolored
5
reddish brown
4
KSmut_Est_0to9
KERNEL_SMUT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
FLSla_CM_cm2g
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
FLCC_MM_SPAD
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
ColdSens_FlwEst_0to9
CTOL
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Intermediate (~50 cm)
5
Very abundant: more than 25 tillers/plant
1
Hairy on lower surface
3
Fringe of hairs
1
011
1
acronym
6-10%
3
0 Absent (collarless)
0
052
3
31-60%
7
100 Black
6
LfBladAnth_DistEst_1to4
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
PanAxAtt_Est_SES1to4
PANICLE_AXIS
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
PanNo_Count_PanPlnt
NUMBER_OF_PANICLES
PNO
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
RtL_Win_cm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
partially male sterile
2
TFlwS_CM_d
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
CDef_CM_r
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
More than 50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange discoloration
9
Spreading (open)
5
SMCwp_CM_pct
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Intermediate 6-25%
5
Normal, most plants with 4-leaves
5
LigMargShp_Est_1to99
LIGMSH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
6
HFSpY_CM_gm2
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
1-10%
3
Partly awned
1
Pointed
1
No injury
0
081
4
PanThr_Est_1to3
THR_SCOR_1_3
PTH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
31-60%
7
NBLSDam_Est_0to9
NBLS
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
ZnDefInj_Est_1to9
ZDEF
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Very short to short 51-70 cm
2
Slender
1
PanLng_ImmatAv_cm
PNL
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
2
052
4
AlkInj_Est_1to9
ALK
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
BLSAnth_Est_1to7
BLSCO_ANTH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
PDMaj_IA_mm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
No symptom observed
1
very early
1
11-30% height reduction, 3-4leaves ragged/twisted, more vein swelling on leaf collar and some on leafblades and leaf sheaths
7
Purple spots on straw
7
Absent
0
purple spots
4
more than 75%
9
very strong
9
HeatSens_Est_0to9
HTOL
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Purple
6
Leaves green but with sparse dots or streaks and less than 5% of height reduction
3
CDMin_Av_mm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Sterile (95%-98.9%)
5
020
2
above 50 degrees
1
purple
8
PericCol_Exam_1to7IRRI
SCCO
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
11-20%
7
More than half the plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted
7
020
2
StemD_CM_mm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Absent
0
1-5%
3
Purple lines
2
052
4
Nuclear type
6
76-100%
9
Intermediate 106 -120 cm
5
Partially sterile (70%-94.9%)
7
above 70%
1
Long ~30 mm
7
PanExs_EstMStrl_1to9
EXS
PEX
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
030
1
CulmD_CM_mm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
HeadT_50Est_1to7
HDG
FLW
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Absent
0
CulmA_IA_mm2
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
11-25% infected panicles
5
TDMplt_CM_gPlnt
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
GelTemp_Alkd_1to7
GelTemp
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
26-50%
7
Large
9
Long to very long 156-180 cm
8
None to few leaves slightly yellow, tillering, height and flowering not affected
1
30-39 degrees
5
26-50%
7
Truncate
2
StrLmLng_AvShort_mm
STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
All plants dead
9
SpHill_CM_SpH
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Erect
1
Very weak
1
Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead
7
Compact
1
50-74%
7
CollAnth_Est_1to9
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Semi-round
2
absent or very weak
1
ChrNo_Count_Chr
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
SDMin_Av_mm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
AwPres_WildEst_0to2
ANP
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
CulmNodAnth_IntensEst_1to9
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Weak
3
thick
7
More than 75% leaf area affected
9
060 Green
1
StmRotInc_Est_0to9
STEM_ROT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
CulmDiam_WildAv_mm
CMD
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
White
1
AP_Lab_1to9
AP
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
ShRotInc_Est_0to9
SHEATH_ROT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
AwCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to9
ANC
AWCO
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
BirdDam_Est_1to9
BIRD_DAMAGE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Difficult: few or no grains removed
1
red
6
YellowMottleSev_Est_0to9
YELLOW_MOTTLE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
absent
1
1-5% (apical lesions)
3
Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying
7
020 Straw
1
No damage observed
0
Lesion completely around panicle baseor uppermost internode or the panicle axis near the base with less than 30% of filled grains.
9
Long (~70 cm)
7
FSpProp_CM_pct
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Strong rhizomes with tubers
6
1-10% covered
3
FLDw_Av_g
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
ThripDam_Est_0to9
THRIPS
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
More than 80%
1
PlntVg_SdEst_1to9
VG
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
0-19%
9
weak
3
Descending
7
Severely stressed
1
31-50%
5
Long
7
Less than 5%
1
Intermediate (one leaf still green at harvest)
5
Long
7
20-30%
3
late
7
51-100%
9
6-25%
5
2
LfSen_Est_1to9
SEN_CO_1_9
LSEN
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
51-100%
9
PBSev_Comp_Pct
PB
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Green
2
FGW_MM_g100gr
HGW
100GW
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
41-60%
5
8
Well exserted
9
Long hairs (velvety)
5
LfBlastDam_EstScr_0to9
BLAST
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
81-100%
9
PDef_FldEst_1to9
P1
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
95-99%
3
5-10% infected panicles
3
Medium
5
Lightly scented
1
BLSAnth_Est_1to9
BLSCO_ANTH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Long 6.6 to 7.5 mm
3
TilProd_Av_TillPlt
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
GrnWt_100Wgh_g
GRNWT
GRWT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
All plants dead
9
Broad
7
Growth and tillering nearly normal
1
Almost all plants dead or dying
9
Very weak
1
MaleSterGp_Est_1to6
MALE_STERILITY_GROUP
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
gold
2
040 Gold
2
RGSV1Sev_Index_Pct
RGSV1
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Less than 1%
1
EndoType_Est_1to3
ENDO
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
2
No injury
0
Rolling of entire length of all leaves, pronounced yellowing
7
Horizontal
7
6
080 Purple
5
No injury
0
Dispersed mergingwith collar, low gel temp (<70C)
6
BApAnth_MatEst_0to7
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
4
11-30%
5
Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with few small tillers.
3
Short ~15 cm
3
ApCol_MatEst_IRRI1to9
APC
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Erect
1
No damage
0
FLfT_MM_degC
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
First and 2nd leaves with orange tips, slight stunting
3
6
Broad
7
40-59%
5
26-50%
7
More than 50%
9
31-50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration
7
26-100%
9
All plants dead
9
6
AwThk_Av_mm
ANT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
medium
2
entity
Erect <15 degrees
1
Medium
5
76-100%
9
Upper half only
3
pollen and spikelets both <60% fertile
9
medium
5
LmPCol_MatEst_UPOV1to6
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
11-20%
3
Smooth
2
AurCol_Est_1to5
AC
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
short
1
Long
3
LigPub_Est_1to3
LIGULE_PUBESCENCE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
26-50%
7
No lesions observed
0
Light
3
Kernel not affected but chalky, high gel temp (>74C)
1
Red
6
long
7
Present
9
Leaves yellow or orange yellow, plants moderately stunted, floweringvery much delayed
7
40-69%
5
Some damage/leaf discoloration
3
Acute
5
First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing
3
LmPColOrn_Est_1to5
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
No disease observed
0
AerA_IA_mm2
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying
5
26-50%
7
1-10% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration
3
pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile
6
PBInc_Est_0to9
PB
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
51-100%
9
Almost all plants dead or dying
9
041
1
4
16-25%
6
CulmTP_CM_r
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Good
3
Obtuse or rounded
3
8
084
2
062
9
Tip only
1
1-10%
1
Glabrous
1
Thermo-photoperiod genic type (TPGMS)
4
12-25%
7
GrLng_Av_mm
GRL
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
AurShp_Est_1to9
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
PlntHt_Meas_1to9
HT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Very slight damage
1
BRR_CM_pct
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
084
2
Vegetative crown and weak rhizomes
3
010
1
light red
5
51-100%
9
20-39%
7
CulmDiam_WildAv_1or2
CMD
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Very late (all leaves still green at harvest)
9
DrG_Est_sc1to5
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Stressed
2
FSD_CM_spk
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
CulmNodAnth_PresEst_1to9
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
DEC_CM_pct
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
PlntHt_Av_cm
HT
PltH_15DAF_cm_MM
PltH_FLW_cm_MM
PltH_MAT_cm_MM
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
variegated brown
3
PanThr_Est_1to9
THR_SCOR_1_3
PTH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
FlgLfAng_EarlAv_1to7
FLA
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center
1
CulmINodAnth_Est_1to9
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
042
3
medium
5
089
3
AmyCt_NIRS_Pct
AMY
CIAT
CÈcile Grenier
26-100%
9
Short
3
Very weak
1
Strong
7
Less than 1%
1
Strong
7
Completely 100% sterile
1
RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9
RAGGED_STUNT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
0% of the kernel with chalkiness
0
2
BBDam_EstGH_1to9
BB
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
4
6
Very low (<1%)
1
Intermediate to long 121-140 cm
6
CulmAng_Est_UPOV1to9
CMA_CO_1_9
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
PanSh_Est_1to9
THR_SCOR_1_3
PSH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Rolling of terminal 1/2 area of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd leaves, yellowing of leaf tips
5
Partially hirsute: hairs covering less than 50% of the ligule
2
Horizontal
5
000
0
No damage
0
6
TFlwE_CM_d
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
No kneeing
9
80-100%
1
8
6
All plants dead
9
4
Strong
7
4
LfWdt_Av_1to7
LW
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Sensitive
6-7
No damage
0
More than half of the plants wilting or dead.
7
Completely 100% sterile
1
Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead
7
Less than 2 leaves/hill injured
1
Long spindle-shaped
5
More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting
5
light red
5
ApAnth_MatEst_0to9
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Absent
0
Pan2ndBr_Est_0to3
SECONDARY_BRANCHING_OF_PANICLES
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
attribute
11-40%
7
Medium 5.51-6.6 mm
5
Semi-erect (intermediate)
3
060
4
1-10%
1
Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves whitish and rolled, only a few elongating
5
Moderately strong most plants bending
3
Abortion at trinucleate stage of pollen (CMS-boro type)
7
CDMaj_IA_mm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
26-50%
7
GY_CM_kgplot
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
5-9.9% seed set
7
Extra long
9
None awnless
0
Intermediate
5
50-74%
7
First and 2nd leaves yellowing
3
highly tolerant
0-1
light brown
2
20-39%
7
No injury
0
Whorled
1
Truncate
3
Weak
3
Fair
5
Semi-erect (intermediate)
3
Drooping
7
Hard <36 mm
5
CDMaj_Av_mm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
6
Small roundish to slightly elongated necrotic sporulating spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter with a distinct brown margin or yellow halo
3
Cleft
2
PanTyp_Est_UPOV1to9
PnT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Slightly Drooping
3
Growth and tillering nearly normal, reddish-brown spots or orange discoloration on tips of older leaves
1
Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers
1
056
7
HFSpPct_CM_pct
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
StCWC_AM_mgg
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
26-50%
7
medium
3
AerTA_IA_mm2
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
RGSV2Sev_Index_Pct
RGSV2
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
51-100%
8
red
4
Leaves partially yellow but with no hopperburn
3
More than half the plants wilting or with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted
7
060
4
FL1Dw_Av_g
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
light red
5
11-20%
5
Scented
2
Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 25% of tillers
3
100 Black
6
Narrow
3
8
Hairs on lemma keel
2
Open
3
086
1
Horizontal
5
More than half of the plants wilting or dead.
7
No scraping
0
11-30%
5
081
3
Drooping
9
No injury or fewer than 10% of plants have injured tillers
0
pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile
5
052 Brown (tawny)
3
091
10
8
Pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with numerous small tillers
9
GlOp_Av_deg
GLO
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
020 Straw
2
070
5
Leaves slightly yellow, plants slightly stunted, flowering slightly delayed
3
1-2%
1
LfMargPub_Est_1to2
LMPUB
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
8
Less than 1%
1
2-cleft
7
More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted
7
Weak
3
Thick >
2
6-25%
5
Rolling of terminal 1/3 area of 1st leaf
1
Absent
1
Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves brown or yellow
7
26-50% (apical and marginal lesions)
7
SpkFer_Est_1to9
SPIKELET_FERTILITY
SPKF
SpFert
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
0-4.9% seed set
9
highly sensitive
8-9
000
0
061 Light green
2
Entire
1
Late (two or more leaves still green at harvest)
7
Purple
3
Highly sterile <50% to trace
7
brown
3
All plants apparently dead
9
short
3
6
Kernel swollen with collar incomplete or narrow, high-intermediate gel temp
3
7
Low
3
brown
3
Spindle-shaped
4
Weak
3
010
1
054
6
GelC_Meas_1to5
GELC
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
HdR_Comp_Perc
HDR
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Black
10
070
7
3
Absent
0
More than 30% height reduction, most leaves ragged/twisted, vein swellingcommon on leaf sheaths and leaf blades
9
PanPlt_Av_PanPlt
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
16-25%
7
AerN_IA_Aer
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
61-100%
9
080
5
6-12%
3
Easy 51-100%
9
11-25%
5
GLf_Av_LfPlt
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
No symptom observed
1
dark purple/black
9
10-19.9% seed set
5
053
5
Clustered
3
LfBladPub_CultEst_SES1to3
LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
No damage
0
Glutinous (waxy, stains reddish purple)
3
Hairs on upper portion
3
25% of the kernel with chalkiness
2
Less than 1%
1
Growth and tillering nearly normal
1
Loose 26-50%
7
LDWplt_Av_g
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Completely sterile 0%
1
Mostly or generally hirsute: hairs covering more than 50% of the ligule
3
4
Less than 1%
1
Absent
0
black
9
Medium ~25 cm
5
dark brown
4
LfLng_Av_1to9
LEAF_LENGTH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
61% and above
9
SeedlHt_Av_1to7
SEEDLING_HEIGHT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Lesions on several pedicels or secondary branches
1
Droopy
2
61% and above
9
080
6
StDM_Av_g
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
51-100%
9
Tip drying extended up to 1/4 length in most leaves
3
Medium
5
Strong no bending
1
Very slight damage/leaf discoloration
1
8-15%
5
Absent
0
Soft 81-100 mm
1
Yellow to orange and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withfew small tillers
7
Broad spindle-shaped lesion with yellow, brown, or purple margin
7
Strong
7
1-10%
1
Weak most plants nearly flat
7
Moderately tolerant
4-6
FL1W_Av_cm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Very long >40 mm
9
6-25%
5
Slight tip drying
1
Very slight injury
1
000
0
pollen 90% fertile or above, spikelets 75-89% fertile
3
No injury
0
No damage
0
PanTyp_Est_SES1to3
PnT
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Distinctly yellow and narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers.
5
0-10% height reduction, 1-2 leaves ragged/twisted, few veins swollen on leaf collar
5
000
0
082
9
085
2
Brown (tawny)
3
Horizontal
5
46-65%
7
DhtInj_EstSpkFert_0to9
DRS_DRY_0_9
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
No injury
0
21-30%
5
Absent
1
Thermosensitive-genic type (TGMS)
2
No damage
0
Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves discolored or dead
7
6-25%
5
many
5
purple furrows
5
Thin <5 mm
1
100
9
Lesions only on bottom 20% of the plant
1
Purple apex
7
MaleSter_UPOVEst_1to3
MSTERILE
POLLEN_STERILITY
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
tolerant
2-3
Absent
0
Leaves healthy
0
080
3
GlOp_Av_1to9
GLO
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
All plants dead
9
Very weak all plants flat
9
Very early (all leaves lost their green colour before grain maturity)
1
First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing
3
0-49%
9
26-100%
9
51-100%
9
26-50%
7
Narrow <1 cm
3
USpD_CM_spk
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Acuminate
6
Other
99
Sterile (95%-98.9%)
5
4-7%
3
26-50%
7
Intermediate
2
brown furrows
3
Maximum tiller angle less than45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers
7
20-29 degrees
7
Medium
5
straw
1
No injury
0
13-25%
5
081
2
AerD_IA_mm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
tolerant
1-3
Very weak
1
Long ~35 cm
7
4
CulmNo_Av_Culm
CMN
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
100% of plants survive
1
No visible lesion observed or lesions on only a few pedicels
0
011
1
Weak, plants somewhat stunted
7
More than 1/2 of the leaves injured with no broken leaves
7
060
2
Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves whitish and rolled
3
070
5
21-30%
5
No injury
0
late
7
51-100% (apical and marginal lesions)
9
Semi-erect (intermediate)
3
Very slight damage
1
Very slight damage
1
Growth and tillering nearly normal, basal leaves slightly discolored
2
All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both
5
2
Very strong
9
000
0
21-50%
7
Growth and tillering severely retarded, about half of all leaves brown or yellow
5
084
3
Hairy or ciliated
2
Medium
5
No injury
0
Horizontal
5
51-100%
9
011
1
081
4
Linear(long and slender)
1
055
4
Many: 20-25 tillers/plant
3
LemaShp_Est_0to3
SLSH
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Growth and tillering nearly normal, healthy
1
070 Red
6
intermediate
5
SDMaj_Av_mm
IRRI
Julie Pasuquin
Kernel swollen, high gel temp (>74C)
2
Gold and gold furrows on straw background
2
Very few: fewer than 5 tillers/plant
9
Red apex
5
No disease observed
0
Strongly drooping
4
Weak
3
very strong
9
Vegetative crown
1
1-25%
5
061 Light green
5
Small roundish to slightly elongated, necrotic gray spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter, with a distinct brown margin. Lesions are mostly found on the lower leaves.
2
CulmLng_Av_1to7
CML
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Partly sterile 50-74%
3
0-49%
9
Glabrous
1
White
1
Short 5.5mm or less
7
No lesions observed
0
11-40%
7
1-5%
1
Better than that of elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of the best local floating variety
3
Enclosed panicle is partly or entirely enclosed within the leaf sheath of the flag leaf blade
1
Less than 1%
1
Medium
5
Long ~30 mm
7
080
10
2
087
8
GrLng_Av_1to7
GRL
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Short to intermediate 91-105 cm
4
2 or more leaves/hill but less than 1/3 of leaves injured
3
063
7
Almost all plants dead or dying
9
DhtInj_EstDry_0to9
DRS_DRY_0_9
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
AwCol_MatEst_IRRI0to6
ANC
AWCO
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Highly fertile >90%
1
Upper three quarters only
4
Small
1
red
6
Absent
1
Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead
5
011
1
Absent
0
Typical blast lesions infection 26-50% of the leaf area
7
Thin <5 mm
1
First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing
3
High (~35%)
7
11-20%
3
Highly sterile (99%-99.9%)
3
weak
3
slight yellowing of a few plants
1
White
1
4
Reddish to light purple
6
absent or very weak
1
Very weak
1
Heavy
2
080 Purple
3
Below 20 degrees
9
4-5%
3
black
6
LmPCol_ImmatEst_1to13
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
070 Red
4
medium
5
082
11
Very short <5 mm
1
Light
1
Absent
0
Medium
5
61% and above
9
weak
3
Partly sterile 50-74%
5
Lesion partially around the base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part of panicle axis near the base
5
cleft
2
Abortion at binucleate stage of pollen (CMS-HL type)
5
Absent
0
26-40% covered
7
Very long >40 cm
9
Medium
5
11-30%
3
Alternate
2
51-100%
9
black
9
Growth and tillering nearly normal, older leaves reddish-brown, purple, or orange-yellow
3
Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves discolored, only a few elongating
5
80-100%
1
Absent
1
0-19%
9
61-80%
3
Non-scented
0
020
2
Completely sterile 0%
9
Less than 5% infected panicles
1
Less than 1%
1
75% of the kernel with chalkiness
4
Less than 1%
2
20-39%
7
Fully awned
2
51-100%
9
Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying
5
Short (~30 cm)
3
Split or segmented with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp
5
1-10%
3
All plants dead
9
21-35%
5
No symptom observed
1
Very slight injury
1
080
5
51-100%
9
6
1-10%
1
26% and above
9
000
0
Less than 3%
1
Lesion type is the same as in 1, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves
3
Pubescent
3
082
8
080 Purple
5
Moderately well exserted
7
040
3
Leaves orange yellow or orange, plants severely stunted, sometimes dead, flowering very much delayed
9
Abortion at uni-nucleate stage of pollen (CMS-WA type)
3
Less than 11%
9
Vegetative crown, stolon and weak rhizomes
4
26-50%
7
Semi-erect (semi-compact)
3
010
1
Leaves fully cupped in U-shape
5
Intermediate: 25-50% of grains removed
2
No symptom observed
0
Round
1
020
1
Truncate
1
RTungroSev_GHComp_Pct
RTD1
IRRI
Jeffrey Detras
Absent
1
16-25%
6
6-25%
5
Less than 1%
1
Purple
8
brown
3
1-3%
3
moderately tolerant
4-6
Absent
1
90-100%
1
Acute to acuminate
1
61-100%
9
Intermediate
5
No lesions observed
0
8
present
9
Poor
7
Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center
1
21-40%
5
strong
7
95-99%
3
Glabrous (no hairs)
1
Whole length
5
080
4
Growth and tillering nearly normal
0
21-30%
5
0-10%
9
080
5
062
2
4-5%
4
1-5%
3
Very short (<21 cm)
1
100% of performance of tolerant check
1
020 Straw
1
No damage observed
0
11-15%
5
Leaf margins touching forming O-shape
7
All plants dead
9
Excellent
1
070
3
Just exserted panicle base coincides with the collar of the flag
5
no drought symptoms
5
2
Very strong
9
6
early
3
Less than 11%
9
Erect
1
Bold
5
No disease observed
0
11-25% covered
5
Hairy on upper surface
2
4
Shallow leaf folding
1
All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both
5
Leaves tightly rolled
9
Semi-erect intermediate ~20 degrees
3
26-50% infected panicles
7
Spreading >60?
7
Extra long
9
Subulate or setaceous
2
Straight
1
Few: 5-9 tillers/plant
7
090
13
Similar to that of elongating semidwarf e.g. IR11141-6-1-4
5
Very slight damage/leaf discoloration
1
One-fourth to 1/2 of all leaves dried
5
Leaves pale yellow or yellow and 26-75% of height reduction, floweringdelayed
7
Less than 5%
1
Short ~8 mm
3
Intermediate most plants moderately bending
5
More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted
7
More than half of the plants wilting or dead.
7
1-25%
5
Scalloped or toothed
2
absent
1
More than half of the plants wilting or dead.
7
Broad >2 cm
7
Leaves yellow, plants moderately stunted, flowering delayed
5
Strong
7
052
3
All plants dead
9
Semi-upright
2
above 30% seed set
1
040
2
2
No disease observed
0
Strong
7
4
Medium: 10-19 tillers/plant
5
8
Extra vigorous, very fast growing
1
080
7
0% covered
1
8
Pale green to yellow and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withnumerous small tillers
7
084
3
050
2
Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile)
9
Intermediate ~15 mm
5
50% of the kernel with chalkiness
3
No disease observed
0
No disease observed
0
No symptom observed
1
Weak, plants somewhat stunted, most plants with 3-4 leaves and no tillers in thin population
7
3
Lesion completely around panicle base or uppermost internode or panicle axis near base with more than 30% of filled grains
7
No disease observed
0
All plants dead
9
1/3 to 1/2 of leaf area scraped
2
Strong
7
pollen and spikelets both 90% fertile or above
1
010
1
100
11
2
Short ~8 mm
3
071
6
Normal
5
No disease observed
1
Medium
3
Erect
1
071
6
Typical blast lesions infection 51-75% of the leaf area and many leaves are dead
8
080
8
No symptoms
0
strong
5
Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying
5
083
12
Up to 1/3 of leaf area scraped
1
100
9
1-3%
2
080
1
purple
8
6-12%
3
2
Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers.
5
moderately tolerant
4-5
Less than 1%
1
080
7
Intermediate (stains reddish-blue purple)
2
Strong rhizomes and no tubers
5
Vigorous, fast growing, most plants with 4-5 leaves and 1-2 tillers
3
More than 2/3 of all leaves fully dried
7
moderately stressed
3
088
7
000
0
8
Medium
5
41-60%
5
2
084 Purple lines
4
4
No incidence
0
Ragged stunt disease
The type and severity of ragged stunt symptoms caused by rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV). Symptoms: plants are stunted but remain dark green. Leaves are ragged and twisted. Vein swelling on leaf collar, leaf blades and leaf sheaths
RaggedStuntSev
Ragged stunt
Severity
Calculation - Days to maturity
Take the number of days to flowering and add 30 days
Calculation - Degree of endosperm chalkiness
Calculate as the product of percentage of grain with chalkiness and chalkiness size (area of chalkiness divided by the area of the whole grain). The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing).
phenotypic acceptability scale
pericarp colour UPOV scale
Average ligule length
Measure the distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule on the penultimate leaf of five plants, and calculate the average
ligule shape scale wild
Culm internode underlying colour examination
If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references.
Spikelets per panicle
Average - Oven dry weight
Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average
Kneeing ability estimation SES
Estimate the tiller angle at the point of kneeing
Spikelets density
Total number of spikelets per unit area
SpD
Spikelet
Number per area
mm
Panicles per m2
Calculation - Milled rice rate
Calculate as the ratio of milled rice weight to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100
Caryopsis length/width ratio scale SES
Calculation - Spikelets per hill
Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of hills per m2
coleoptile anthocyanin scale
Leaffolder adjusted injury rating
In a greenhouse test, adjust the unadjusted injury ratings R for test entries by dividing by R for the susceptible check and multiplying by 100%
Phenotypic Acceptability
An overall assessment of phenotypic acceptability of the grains for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets
PhenAcc
Grain
Phenotypic Acceptability
Anther colour examination
Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the anthers when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Use 3-digit scale codes for common scoring system across all colour traits
Calculation - Total dry matter
Take the total dry weight of straw, rachis, and grain (filled and unfilled) and express on a per unit area
collar color scale RD
Culm node anthocyanin
Purplish markings, if any, on nodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin
CulmNodAnth
Culm node
Anthocyanin content
Average panicle distance to basal branch
Measure the distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch on five representative panicles and calculate their average
Calculation - Half-filled spikelets per square meter
Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis
culm angle UPOV scale
Chalkiness visual assessment
Polish a sample of rice and evaluate a representative sample visually. Estimate the proportion of the kernel area that appears chalky white, particularly with respect to the belly, the center, and the back.
Fertility restoration
This is a compound trait used for F1 hybrids combining the proportion of fertile spikelets at maturity with the proportion of fertile pollen at anthesis
FertRest
Plant
Fertility restoration
Culm diameter - 1st internode
Diameter of basal portion (ie 1st elongated internode) of the main culm
CulmDiam
1st elongated culm internode
Diameter
drought grade 1-5
Calculation - Head milled rice rate
Calculate as the ratio of head rice weight (kernel longer than or equal to 3/4 full length of a kernel) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100
Photosynthetic rate
Carbon dioxide assimilation rate of the leaf
PS
Leaf
Photosynthetic rate
grams per square meter
Internodes
Flowering heat injury
Estimate the % spikelet fertility of plants exposed to high temperature during ... ? Flowering? Ripening?
Calculation -grain yield correction to 14% moisture content
Correct the oven-dried grain yield to 14% moisture content
case worm damage scale
Leaf folder injury assessment field
Use an augmented experimental design, with a susceptible and resistant check (if available) after every 10 test entries. Replicate test entries three times if seed is available. Observe the proportion of plants with injured and folded leaves. The susceptible check should average at least 40% to accept the test as a measure of resistance
Bacterial blight race 2 damage estimation field
Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 2
mm/mm
Phosphorus deficiency tillering field
In a field test, grow each line under two conditions: without P fertilizer (low P) and with 25kg P/ha fertilizer (standard P). Estimate the number of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P
Apiculus anthocyanin
Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of the lemma
ApAnth
Apiculus of lemma
Anthocyanin content
Leaf blast damage estimation
Assess the type of lesion and the proportion of leaf area affected by leaf blast. Entries with scores 4-9 may also have lesions of scale 1 or 2. In cases where the lesion develops only on the collar, joint of the leaf sheath and the leaf blade, causing the leaf blade to drop off, a scale unit of 4 is to be given.
rice tungro disease scale
apiculus shape scale
Stigma exsertion calculation
Count the number of florets that have completed anthesis on a given day and the number of those florets that have exserted stigma on one or both sides of the floret. Calculate the proportion of florets with exserted stigma
Calculation - Days to physiological maturity from sowing
Calculate the number of days between sowing and physiological maturity (i.e. when the grain is hard and ready for harvest)
Drought estimation leaf rolling
Estimate the extent of leaf rolling on exposure to drought
%
Iron toxicity injury
The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high (toxic) iron content in the growing medium
IronInj
Iron toxicity
Injury
Calculation - Degree of culm deformation
Calculate the ratio of the difference between the major and minor culm diameters to the average culm diameter of the second internode from the base as measured via image analysis
Proportion of grains with chalkiness
Proportion of head milled grains with chalkiness
PGWC
Chalky dehulled intact grain
Proportion
Time to flowering (from sowing)
Time elapsed from date of sowing to flowering stage
DFlwS
Spikelet
Time to flowering from sowing
Maturity
Time elapsed from effective seeding date to grain ripening defined as when 80-85% of grains on panicle are mature (growth stage 9)
TMat
Plant
Time to maturity
Oxygen radical absorbance capacity
Antioxidant activity of leaf extracts
ORAC
Leaf
Antioxydant activity
Flag leaf temperature
Flag leaf surface temperature
FLfT
Flag leaf
Temperature
mm
Panicle distance to basal branch
Distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch
PanBasBrDist
Panicle/basal branch
Distance
Average panicle basal branch number
Count the number of primary panicle branches attached to the basal whorl of representative panicles, and calculate the average
Brown planthopper biotype 3 injury assessment
Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 3 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings
Endosperm type assessment
Stain polished (milled, white) rice grains with a weak KI-I solution, prepared by mixing 0.1% I2 solution with 0.2% KI solution, and observe the colour of the stained endosperm
Rice tungro disease estimation
Estimate the stunting and discoloration
Grain yield
Amount of grain (weight) produced per area
GY
Spikelet
Yield
Green leaf number
Number of green leaves on the main culm
GLf
Green leaf
Number per plant
Calculation - Partial culm porosity
Calculate ratio of total aerenchyma area to culm area
Code
Awn distribution observation
Observe the distribution of awned spikelets along a panicle
Branches per panicle
Aerenchyma number
Number of air spaces in the culm
AerN
Stem aerenchyma
Number
Stem rot incidence estimation
Estimate the propotion of tillers that are infected
culm internode underlying colour scale
Green leafhopper injury assessment field
Observe the damage on the seedlings caused by green leafhopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage
Zinc content - XRF fluorescence analyser
Use standard laboratory procedure (XRF- Fluorescence Analyzer) to determine the zinc content in a sample of polished grain. The recommended sample size is 10g.
lemma phenol reaction scale
Aerenchyma area
Area of an air space in a cross-section of the culm
AerA
Stem aerenchyma
Area
Leaf sheath thickness
Thickness of the leaf sheath surrounding the stem
LfST
Leaf sheath
Thickness
Tiller number per hill
Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per hill
TilHill
Tiller
Number per plant
centimeter
percent
bird damage incidence scale
Leaf blade anthocyanin distribution
Estimate the penultimate leaf blade for distribution of any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade.
square millimeter
fertility restoration scale
Bacterial leaf streak damage estimation
Estimate the type and severity of damage to leaves
Filled grain weight
The weight of a spikelet that is filled with a grain
FGW
Filled spikelet
Weight
drought recovery scale
Calculation - Grain yield per plot
Take yield expressed on an area basis and multiply with plot size
Pollen sterility
The degree of male (pollen) sterility
MaleSter
Male pollen
Sterility
millimolar trolox equivalent
Panicle axis texture assessment
Wild species: assess the texture of the main panicle axis by rubbing fingers from the base towards the tip and assess the smoothness
day
%
Manual measurement - Leaf surface temperature in SITIS platform
Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf temperature with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC)
Lemma and palea color
Colour of the lemma and palea
LmPCol
Lemma and palea
Colour
Coleoptile anthocyanin evaluation
Place non-dormant grains on moistened filter paper and cover with a petri-dish lid during germination. After the coleoptiles have reached a length of about 5 mm in darkness, place them in artificial light (daylight equivalent) at 750-1250 lux continuously for 3 to 4 days, at a temperature of 25 to 30 degrees Centigrade. Observe colour when the coleoptile is fully with first leaf just emerging (about 6 to 7 days)
Average - Pooled oven dry weight
Pool representative flag leaves and leaves below the flag leaf and oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average
brown spot damage scale
Seeding date
Date of effective seeding, ie the date when seeds were first moistened This may be the date of soaking for pre-soaked seed, or the date of sowing for dry seed sown onto a wet seedbed, or the date when rain or other moisture becomes available to seed sown dry on a dry seedbed
SdDate
Plant
seeding date
Panicle blast damage estimation
Observe the damage to panicles
cm
cm2 g-1
Time to maturity (from transplanting)
Time elapsed from date of transplanting to physiological maturity stage
DMatT
Spikelet
Time to maturity from transplanting
Time of 50% heading estimation
Estimate the earliness of the heading in plots, defining time of heading as the date when 50% of plants have panicles halfway emerged
immature apiculus color UPOV scale
Stem sucrose content
Sucrose content in the stem
StSUC
Stem
Sucrose content
square millimeter
Panicle number per plant
Number of panicles per plant
PanNo
Panicle
Number per plant
Pith major diameter
Diameter of the wider portion of pith
PDMaj
Pith
Diameter
Flag leaf width
Width of the uppermost leaf of the main culm
FlgLfWdt
Flag leaf
Width
Culm strength scale SES
Immature apiculus anthocyanin examination
Examine the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of immature lemmas
panicle threshability scale SES
Sterile lemma color
Colour of the sterile lemmas
StrLmCol
Sterile lemma
Colour
Head milled rice rate
Proportion of head rice (kernel longer or equal to 3/4 full length of the kernel) obtained from milling the rough rice (grain with hull)
HMRR
Intact dehulled grain after milling
Proportion
Analytical measurement - Total stem extractives content
Predict total stem extractives content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra
Calculation - Unfilled spikelets per square meter
Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis
leaf folder injury scale field
Bacterial leaf streak damage
The type and severity of bacterial leaf streak symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. Symptoms: linear lesions with small bacterial exudates
BLS
Bacterial leaf streak
Damage
rice delphacid injury scale field
Leaf temperature
Leaf surface temperature
LfT
Leaf
Temperature
Calculation - Flag leaf -1 specific leaf area
Take the ratio of leaf area to leaf dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf
Panicle threshability estimation RD
Cultivated species: grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action
Pith area
Area of the hollow region of the culm
PithA
Pith
Area
Unfilled spikelets density
Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per unit area
USpD
Unfilled spikelet
Number per area
Average - Total leaf number
Count number of fully expanded leaves that appeared on representatiove plants from germination to flowering. Take the average number
Ligule color estimation - cultivated
Cultivated species: visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering.
Culm specific porosity
Ratio of aerenchyma area to cortex area
CulmSP
Culm
Specific porosity
Submergence relative survival assessment
Greenhouse screening: divide the % of plants that survive submergence by the survival of the tolerant control variety e.g. FR13A, and express as a percentage
Bakanae disease incidence estimation
Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected
Stem borer whitehead damage assessment
Near grain maturity, observe the proportion of panicles that have whiteheads. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 10% of panicles with whiteheads
Stigma color
Color of stigma
StgmCol
Stigma
Colour
Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom sowing
Calculate the number of days between sowing and initial flowering dates
1000 grain weight scale
Specific porosity ratio
Culm area
Cross-sectional area of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath
CulmA
Culm
Area
stigma exsertion scale
Secondary panicle branching
The abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle
Pan2ndBr
Spikelet on secondary branch of panicle
Pattern
Endosperm type
A broad classification of the type of endosperm based on the presence or absence of amylose
EndoType
Endosperm
Type
Average - Number of elongated internodes
Count number of elongated internodes starting from the base of the main culm to the neck node
Panicles per plant
mmol H2O m-2 s-1
cm
mature lemma and palea ornamentation scale UPOV
degree Celsius
ppm
Spikelets per panicle
Panicle dry weight per plant
Panicle dry weight per plant
PDWplt
Panicle
Weight per plant
Calculation - Unfilled spikelet percentage
Take the number of unfilled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100
Sensed aroma cooked
Cook freshly harvested grains and smell the aroma
bakanae disease incidence scale
Calculation - Number of panicles per square meter
Calculate from total number of panicles per hill and the area of the hills sampled
Calculation - Culm wall area
Calculate culm area minus the pith area
Tillers per plant
Panicle axis attitude
The attitude of the main axis of the panicle, which ranges from straight upright to droopy
PanAxAtt
Panicle axis
Attitude
awn presence scale wild
percent
Seeding date observation
Record the date of effective seeding
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes in the nucleus
ChrNo
Chromosome
Number
Average - Flag leaf-1 length
Measure length of representative leaves below the flag leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade. Take the average length
Tillers per hill
panicle length scale
Time to flowering (from transplanting)
Time elapsed from date of transplanting to flowering stage
DFlwT
Spikelet
Time to flowering from transplanting
Panicle exsertion male sterile estimation
Observe the percentage of the panicle that is inside the flag leaf sheath
Filled spikelet density
Number of spikelets with filled grains per unit area
FSD
Filled spikelet
Number per area
Panicle exsertion
Extent to which the panicle is exserted above (i.e. protrudes from), as opposed to being enclosed within, the flag leaf sheath
PanExs
Panicle
Exsertion
day
grams per square meter
Anthocyanin below apiculus
Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the area just below the apiculus of the lemma
BApAnth
Lemma below apiculus
Anthocyanin content
Days to 80% flowering count
Calculate as the difference between the main heading date and the date of effective seeding
Scent
Describes the aroma of rice grains
Sct
Caryopsis
Scent
Estimation - overall drought symptoms
Observe plant growth and rate level of drought symptoms
ligule shape scale UPOV
Stem cell wall carbohydrate content
Cell wall carbohydrate content in the stem
StCWC
Stem
Wall carbohydrate content
Narrow brown leaf spot estimation
Estimate the % leaf area diseased
Calculation - Filled spikelet per panicle
Calculate from the number of filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2
Lemma and palea color ornementation
Colour ornamentation of the lemma and palea. It characterizes the colours present only on parts of the lemma and palea
LmPColOrn
Lemma and palea
Colour ornementation
No scale name found
Rice bug damage assessment
Observe the proportion of injured grains per panicle caused by rice bug
Culm minor diameter - 2nd internode
Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath
CDMin
2nd elongated culm internode
Minor diameter
panicle axis scale UPOV
Stem total nonstructural carbohydrate content
Nonstructural carbohydrate content in the stem
StNSC
Stem
Non-structural carbohydrate content
anthocyanin below apiculus scale immature
culm node anthocyanin intensity scale
number of panicles per plant scale
Plant height measurement
Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of the plant
Panicle branch arrangement assessment
Observe whether primary branches on the panicle axis are grouped into whorls or are borne individually on alternate sides
longer sterile lemma length scale
degree Celsius
brown planthopper injury scale field
hoja blanca reproductive disease scale
No of chromosomes
Whitebacked planthopper damage
The extent of damage caused by whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy.
WBPH
Whitebacked planthopper
Damage
mg g-1 dry matter
Flag leaf chlorophyll content
Chlorophyll content in the uppermost leaf of the main culm
FLCC
Flag leaf
Chlorophyll content
auricle color scale
Bacterial blight damage
The type and severity of bacterial blight symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Symptoms: lesions usually start near the leaf tip or leaf margins or both, and extend down the outer edge(s). Young lesions are pale green to grayish green, later turning yellow to gray (dead) with time. In very susceptible varieties, lesions may extend to the entire leaf length into the leaf sheath
BBDam
Bacterial blight
Damage
Caryopsis length
The length of the caryopsis, ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling (decorticating) the grain and before milling, commonly known as brown rice
CaryoLng
Caryopsis
Length
Grassy stunt 1 disease estimation
Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration
%
day
Brown planthopper injury assessment greenhouse
Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of brown planthoppers and observe the damage on the seedlings
square centimeter
Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom transplanting
Calculate the number of days between transplanting and initial flowering dates
Number of panicles per plant estimation
Estimate the average number of panicles per plant.
Rice delphacid injury assessment greenhouse
Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on seedlings
Partial porosity ratio
grams per square meter
Straw dry matter per plant
Dry weight of stems and leaves per plant
StDM
Straw
Weight per plant
Ligule margin shape determination
Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice
millimeter
ligule shape scale cult RD
leaf blast damage scale
Cold tolerance
Ability of a plant to grow and develop normally under cold conditions. Key periods of sensitivity are during seedling growth, tillering, and flowering
ColdSens
Cold
Sensitivity
vegetative vigor scale
chalkiness 0-5 scale
Ligule shape
Shape of the ligule
LigShp
Ligule
Shape
Average - Canopy height
Measure distance from soil surface to top level of the canopy of representative plants and take the average
Tillers per plant
Total porosity ratio
awn length scale wild
Brown rice rate
Proportion of brown rice (dehulled grains) obtained from rough rice (hulled grain)
BRR
Dehulled grain after milling
Proportion
Phenotypic acceptability estimation
Before starting to score phenotypic acceptability, define what is excellent, good ... unacceptable grain for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets, and then score the phenotypic acceptability of mature grain
Alkali injury assessment
Observe growth in alkaline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores.
cm
count
percent
Stem elongation
The ability of the stem to elongate as flood water rises and thus to keep the topmost leaves above water level
StmElong
Stem
Elongation
Anthocyanin below apiculus examination mature
Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin
Number of panicles per plant count
Count the average number of panicles per plant.
Yellow mottle disease
The type and severity of yellow mottle disease symptoms caused by rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV). Symptoms: stunting, reduced tillering, mottling and yellowing streaking of the leaves, delayed flowering or incomplete emergence of the panicles, in extreme cases, death of plants
YellowMottleSev
Yellow mottle
Severity
Calculation - Culm porosity
Calculate the ratio of pith area to culm area
Culm node anthocyanin presence
Estimate the presence/absence of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm.
Amylose content - NIRS
Take a milled rice NIR spectrum and predict the amylose content using chemiometrics.
Average grain width
Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains
leaf blade pubescence scale UPOV
Head rice
Describes how much of a sample of milled rice comprises whole rather than broken kernels. Head rice is defined as kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels
HdR
Head rice
Proportion
Awn distribution
The proportion and distribution of awned spikelets on a panicle
AwDist
Awn
Distribution
Ligule pubescence estimation
Assess pubescence (hairiness) of the ligules under a hand lens.
Brown planthopper injury assessment field
Observe the damage on the plants caused by brown planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage
millimeter
Culm node underlying colour examination
If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references.
Flag leaf relative size
Size (area) of the flag leaf relative to the size (ie area) of the leaf below it
FLsizeR
Flag leaf and flag leaf-1
Relative size
Flag leaf angle estimation cult early
Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves
Salt injury
The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in soils or other growth medium with high salt content
SaltInj
Salt
Injury
Leaf blade pubescence
Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade
LfBladPub
Leaf blade
Pubescence
Aerenchyma diameter
Width of air spaces in the culm
AerD
Stem aerenchyma
Diameter
awn color scale mature IRRI
Mature apiculus anthocyanin examination
Examine the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin
Basal leaf sheath color
Colour of the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath
BLSCol
Basal leaf sheath
Colour
Average sterile lemma length - longer
If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet have different lengths, measure the average length of the longer sterile lemma of five spikelets
g per 1000 spikelets
awn color scale mature UPOV
Caryopsis width scale
Calculation - Brown rice rate
Calculate as the ratio of brown rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls removed) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100
Flowering date
Date of flowering
FlwDate
Plant
flowering date
Leaf angle
Estimate the position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base
square meter per second per mol of water
abortion pattern scale
Lemma phenol reaction
Describes the change in colour of lemmas in response phenol
PhenReac
Lemma
Phenol reaction
Unfilled spikelets proportion
Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are unfilled
UFSpPct
Unfilled spikelet
Proportion
Alkali digestion estimation
An indirect indicator of approximate gelatinization temperature. Incubate six milled rice grains (kernels) for 23h in 10ml of 1.7% KOH. Score individual kernels, without averaging
Culm total porosity
Ratio of aerenchyma and pith area to culm area
CulmTP
Culm
Total porosity
Leaf blade pubescence
Cultivated species: assess the hairiness of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards
Grain width
Width of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point
GrWdt
Spikelet
Width
Grassy stunt 2 disease index
Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored
Main flowering date observation
Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which 80% of the flowering heads have appeared
salt injury scale
Panicle threshability
Describes the ease with which grains are removed from the panicle during threshing
PanThr
Panicle
Threshability
centimeter
Days
Apiculus shape examination
Examine the shape (pointed, curved) of the apiculus
mm
Average culm diameter
Compute the average diameter of the basal portion of the main culm on three representative plants
No scale name found
Flag leaf angle estimation cult late
Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves
Awn presence
Presence of awns
AwPres
Awn
Presence
Thrips damage assessment
Estimate the severity of damage caused by thrips
panicle threshability scale RD
centimeter
Coleoptile anthocyanin
Purple pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the coleoptile
ColeoAnth
Coleoptile
Anthocyanin content
udbatta disease incidence scale
Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration
Sub-stomatal cavity carbon dioxide concentration
CI
Leaf
CO2 Concentration
Image analysis - Minor pith diameter
View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the narrower portion of the culm pith
False smut
The type and severity of false smut symptoms caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. Symptoms: Infected grains are transformed into yellow-greenish or greenish-black velvety-looking spore balls.
FSmut
False smut
Incidence
Outcrossing extent
Describes the extent of outcrossing of male sterile lines
OutXExt
Plant
Outcrossing extent
No scale name found
Cervitec reading
Calculation - Days to panicle exsertion
Calculate the number of days between the heading date and the date of exsertion of the last spikelet
Panicles per hill
Number of panicles per hill
PanHill
Panicle
Number per hill
mm
Leaf margin pubescence
Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the leaf margin
LfMargPub
Leaf margin
Pubescence
percent
pollen sterility scale
Ufra
The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by the stem nematode Ditylenchus angustus. Symptoms: leaf mottling or chlorotic discoloration in a splash pattern at base of young leaves in stem elongation or mid-tillering stage, brown stains may develop on leaves and sheaths which later intensify to a dark brown color, distortion (twisting and withering) of young leaves, distortion of panicles which either remain enclosed within a swollen sheath, or partially emerge but are twisted and with unfilled grains, or emerge completely but with unfilled grains and resembling a whitehead.
UfraDam
Ufra
Incidence
Abortion pattern
Describes the stage at which pollen grains abort in male sterile lines.
AP
Pollen
Abortion pattern
Culm diameter - 2nd internode
Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath
CulmD
2nd elongated culm internode
Diameter
sterile lemma color scale cult
Ragged stunt disease estimation
Estimate the type and severity of symptoms
Average - Oven dry weight
Oven dry representative flag leaf -1 at 70degC to constant weight and weigh. Take the average weight
Sterile lemma color examination cult
Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references.
Narrow brown leaf spot damage
The type and severity of narrow brown leaf spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Sphaerulina oryzina (Cercospora janseana)
NBLSDam
Narrow brown leaf spot
Damage
Lodging incidence %
Indicate % of plants that lodged
Yellow stem borer deadheart damage assessment
At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart caused by Scirpophaga incertulas. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart
Calculation - Tiller number per unit area
Calculate from total number of tillers per hill and the area of the hills sampled
Apiculus color
Color of the apiculus of the lemma
ApCol
Apiculus of lemma
Colour
Calculation - Half-filled spikelet percentage
Take the number of half-filled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100
culm length scale
Kernel smut
The type and severity of kernel smut symptoms caused by Tilletia barclayana causing kernel smut.
KSmut
Kernel smut
Incidence
Drought recovery estimation
10 days after soaking rain or watering ends a period of drought, estimate the % of plants that recover. Indicate the degree of drought stress before watering
Days
millimeter
millimeter
Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin
Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath
BLSAnth
Basal leaf sheath
Anthocyanin content
Udbatta disease
The type and severity of udbatta disease symptoms caused by Balansia oryzae-sativae (Ephelis oryzae). Symptoms: a white mycelial mat ties the panicle branches together so that they emerge as single, small, cylindrical rods.
UDInc
Udbatta disease
Incidence
seedling cold injury scale
Grain width UPOV estimation
Measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point
rice bug damage scale
Green leafhopper damage
The extent of damage caused by green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix cincticeps). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy.
GLhDam
Green leafhopper
Damage
Calculation - Days to flowering from emergence
Calculate the number of days between emergence and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage)
mg g-1 dry matter
Pericarp colour
Colour of the pericarp
PericCol
Pericarp
Colour
Half-filled spikelet densty
Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per unit area
HSpD
Half-filled spikelet
Number
Caryopsis width measurement
Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the width of ten caryopses at their widest point at right angles to its length and calculate their average
micromol CO2 m-2 s-1
Stem borer damage
The extent of damage caused by stem borers, which include Chilo suppressalis (striped), C. polychrysus (dark headed), Rupela albinella (South American white), Scirpophaga incertulas (yellow), S innotata (white), Sesamia inferens (pink), Maliarpha separatella (African whiteheads), Diopsis macrophthalma (Stalked-eyed fly), and several other species
StemBorer
Stem borer
Damage
Pollen sterility calculation
Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Fertile pollen grains will be round and well stained, sterile pollen grains will be unstained or partially stained, and withered or round. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the proportion that are sterile
Culm length
Length of the main culm (stem), defined as the distance from the soil surface to the base of the panicle
CulmLng
Culm
Length
Panicles per plant
Sheath blight
The type and severity of sheath blight symptoms caused by Thanethoporus cucumeris (Rhizoctonia solani). Symptoms: ellipsoidal, necrotic grayish-green lesions, which may enlarge and coalesce with other lesions, initially on lower leaf sheaths
ShBltInc
Sheath blight
Relative height
Leaf senescence
Describes how soon leaves senesce
LfSen
Leaf
Senescence
Ligule color
Color of the ligule
LigCol
Ligule
Colour
square millimeter
Calculation - Percentage of grain with chalkiness
Calculate as the percentage of head milled grains with chalkiness. The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing).
sterile lemma length scale
Flag leaf-1 dry weight
Dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf
FL1Dw
Flag leaf-1
Dry weight
Spikelets per panicle
Sterile lemma shape scale
Calculation - Total dry matter per plant
Take the total dry weight of stems, leaves and panicles per plant
Calculation - Specific leaf area of pooled flag leaf
Take the ratio of the pooled flag leaf area and the pooled flag leaf oven dry weight
Collar color
Colour of the leaf collar
CollCol
Collar
Colour
Stomatal resistance
Inverse of stomatal conductance
Rs
Stomata
Water vapor resistance
mg g-1 dry matter
mm
Collar anthocyanin
Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the collars
CollAnth
Collar
Anthocyanin content
cm
mol H2O m-2 s-1
bacterial blight damage scale field
Stem extractives content
Total stem extractives content in the stem
StEXT
Stem
Extractives content
SPAD unit
Manual measurement - Gas exchange photosynthetic rate in SITIS platform
Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure photosynthetic rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC)
anthocyanin below apiculus scale mature
Sterile lemma shape
Examine the shape of sterile lemmas
Unfilled spikelets weight per area
Dry weight of unfilled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis
UFSpY
Spikelet
Weight per area
Brown planthopper damage
The extent of damage caused by brown planthopper (Nilparvata lugens). Symptoms: Partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy
BPHDam
Brown planthopper
Damage
Caryopsis length:width ratio SES
Compute the length/width ratio
False smut incidence estimation
Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected
basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence scale
drought scale spikelet sterility
Caryopsis length measurement
Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the length of ten caryopses and calculate the average
Average leaf width
Measure width at the widest portion of the penultimate leaf on the main culm of five representative plants. Calculate average
Green leaves per plant
Calculation - Nonstructural carbohydrate content
Take sum of sucrose content and starch content from PLS-FTIR analysis
degrees C
Panicle length
Length of panicle defined as the distance from the base to the tip of the panicle when the main axis of the panicle is held straight
PanLng
Panicle
Length
Endosperm type scale
Lemma and palea pubescence evaluation
Using a hand lens, visually assess and evaluate the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemmas and paleas
Stem total structural materials content
Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content of stem
StSTR
Stem
Non-structural material content
Caryopsis length SES scale
Leaf blade anthocyanin
Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade
LfBladAnth
Leaf blade
Anthocyanin content
Root surface area
Total surface area of root system
RtA
Root
Surface area
percent
panicle blast damage scale
Calculation - Grain yield from components of yield
1/ oven dry the harvested grains to constant dry weight. 2/ Derive the grain yield from the panicle density, the 1000-grain weight, the number of filled spikelets per panicle or spikelets per panicle and filled spikelet percentage
g
kneeing ability presence scale
Culm partial porosity
Ratio of aerenchyma area to culm area
CulmPP
Culm
Partial porosity
Panicle threshability estimation SES
Grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action
First heading date observation
Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which first flush of flowering heads appear
Calculation - Grain yield from plant density
Take yield per plant and multiply with plants density
Leaf length
Length of penultimate leaf blade
LfLng
Leaf
Length
panicle shattering scale
%
Heat injury
The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high temperature. The key period of sensitivity is during flowering
HeatSens
Heat
Sensitivity
brown planthopper biotype 3 injury scale
awn color scale immature SES
Case worm damage
The extent of plant damage caused by caseworm (Nymphula depunctalis). Symptoms: only the papery upper epidermis of the leaf remains after larvae have fed on the internal leaf tissue
CaseWormDam
Caseworm
Damage
% leaf area affected
%
mm
Leaf blade greenness
Visually estimate the penultimate leaf blade for the intensity of greenness.
Average leaf length
Measure length of the penultimate leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average
Bacterial blight damage estimation field
Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test
Kneeing ability presence
Estimate presence/absence of knees after flowering in conditions where culms have fallen flat due to receding water flow.
basal leaf sheath color scale 1
Calculation - Culm diameter from image analysis
Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters measured by image analysis
awn length scale cult
Average - Minor stem diameter
Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the narrower portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter.
Leaf blade greenness
Intensity of greenness on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade, if visible under any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin
LfBladGreen
Leaf blade
Greeness
Gall midge injury assessment field
In a field test, observe the proportion of infected tillers. For the field test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, more than 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should be affected with not less than 15% silver shoot
Gel consistency
Describes the consistency of a rice gel formed by grinding, chemically treating, boiling, and cooling a sample of grains. This measures the tendency of cooked rice to harden on cooling, a function of carbohydrate composition
GelC
Gel
Consistency
Weighing - filled grain weight
Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh.
flag leaf angle scale cult early
Dry weight of flag leaf and flag leaf-1
Pooled dry weight of the flag leaf and the leaf below it
FLpDw
Flag leaf and flag leaf-1
Dry weight
Vegetative vigor
Assess the vigor of plants in early vegetative stage
Drought recovery
The extent to which plants recover when soaked with water after exposure to drought. The extent of recovery depends strongly on the severity of drought.
DhtRecov
Drought
Recovery
Root length
Total root length
RtL
Root
Length
Stem diameter - 2nd internode
Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath
StemD
2nd elongated stem internode
Diameter
Brown spot damage
The type and severity of brown spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Bipolaris oryzae, Drechslera oryzae). Symptoms: typical leaf spots are small, oval or circular and dark brown. Larger lesions usually have the same color on the edges but have a pale, usually grayish center. Most spots have a light yellow halo around the outer edge.
BS
Brown spot
Damage
Drought injury
The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by drought. Leaf rolling precedes leaf drying during drought. Response to drought is highly responsive to crop phenology, plant growth prior to stress, and the timing, duration, and intensity of drought stress. For many soils, it takes at least 2 rainless weeks during the vegetative stage to cause marked differences in response and at least 7 rainless days during the reproductive stage to cause severe drought injury. Repeated ratings are recommended through progress of the drought. Record the stage of plant growth when the stress occurred and the number of stress days.
DhtInj
Drought
Injury
alkali injury scale
gram per plant
rice whorl maggot damage scale
Average culm length
Measure distance from soil surface to base of panicle on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average
Stigma color examination
Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the stigmata when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare the colour against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references.
g
spikelet fertility scale RD
Panicle branch arrangement
The arrangement of primary branches on the panicle axis, grouped into whorls or individually on alternate sides
PanBrArr
Panicle branch
Arrangement
Caryopsis shape scale UPOV
Rhizome and stolon formation
Describes the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers in the mature plant
RhyzForm
Rhizome/stolon
Formation
Panicle basal branch number
Number of primary branches on the basal whorl of the panicle
PanN
Panicle basal branch
Number
Stomatal conductance
Rate of passage of water vapor through the leaf
Gs
Stomata
Water vapor conductance
brown planthopper biotype 2 injury scale
mm
millimeter
Kernel smut incidence estimation
Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected
Image analysis - Minor culm diameter
View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the narrower portion of the culm
Average grain thickness
Wild species: using a calliper or photo-enlarger, measure the average of 10 representative grains
Bird damage
The extent of damage caused by birds.
BirdDam
Bird
Damage
mm
Culm major diameter - 2nd internode
Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath
CDMaj
2nd elongated culm internode
Major diameter
Hoja blanca disease
The type and severity of hoja blanca disease symptoms caused by rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV) causing hoja blanca. Symptoms: cream colored to yellow spots, elongating and coalescing fo form longitudinal yellowish green to pale green striations. Streaks may coalesce to cover the whole leaf. Brown and sterile glumes with typical parrot beak shape of deformation
HojaBlancaSev
Hoja blanca
Severity
gram
Auricle anthocyanin presence
Estimate the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles
Auricle color examination
Examine the colour of the auricles against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references.
millimeter
gram
mature lemma and palea color scale IRRI
Seedling height
Height of seedlings, measured from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade
SeedlHt
Seedling
Height
Chalkiness Cervitec assessment
Polish a sample of rice and quantify chalkiness automatically using a duly calibrated Cervitec instrument
Calculation - Stomatal resistance
Take inverse of stomatal conductance
drought scale leaf drying
iron injury scale
Ragged stunt disease index
Score RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9 5 weeks after inoculation in the greenhouse, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored .
Leaf senescence harvest estimation
Estimate by observing all leaves below the flag leaf for their retention of greenness when the grains are ready for harvesting
Calculation - Soil moisture tension at wilting point
Derive from the soil moisture retention (pF) curve using the soil moisture content at wilting point.
flag leaf angle scale cult late
Unfilled grain weight
Dry weight of an unfilled spikelet, including the hull
TUfGW
Unfilled spikelets
Weight
Phosphorus deficiency damage
The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of phosphorus in the growing medium
PDef
Phosphorus deficiency
Damage
awn color scale immature IRRI
Flowering cold injury
Observe effects on spikelet fertility, heading and growth of plants grown at 17-18 degrees during flowering
Anthocyanin below apiculus examination immature
Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of immature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin
Case worm damage assessment
Estimate the % of leaf area that have been scraped by case worms
mg g-1 dry matter
Flag leaf dry weight
Dry weight of the uppermost leaf on the main culm
FLDw
Flag leaf
Dry weight
leaf blast damage type scale
seedling height scale
Auricle color
Color of the auricle
AurCol
Auricle
Colour
Panicle type
Panicle type, defined by the orientation of primary branches
PanTyp
Panicle
Type
Flag leaf-1 area
Area of the leaf below the flag leaf
FL1A
Flag leaf-1
Area
Gel consistency lab measurement
Place 0.1g ground rice in a test tube with thymol blue (0.025% in ethanol, 0.2 ml) and KOH (0.2N, 2 ml). Shake the tube to mix contents, boil (8 min), rest (5 min) and then place in an ice-bath (15 min). Lay cooled tubes flat on graph paper for 1 hour, and then measure the distance that the gel travels . Included standards, as the age of the rice, degree of milling and operator skill affect reproducibility: IR48 (85?90 mm), IR32 (72-75 mm) and IR42 (30-32 mm).
Drought estimation spikelet sterility
Estimate the proportion of spikelet fertility after exposure to drought
grassy stunt 2 disease scale
submergence survival scale
Manual measurement - Gas exchange leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in SITIS platform
Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC)
Stigma exsertion
Describes the tendency of stigmas to be exserted on one or both sides of the florets
StgExers
Stigma
Exsertion
Culm node anthocyanin intensity
Observe the intensity of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm.
seedling vigor scale
Stem major diameter - 2nd internode
Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath
SDMaj
2nd elongated stem internode
Major diameter
Analytical measurement - Starch content
Predict starch content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra.
Grain length to width ratio
Ratio of grain length to grain width
GLWR
Grain
Length to width ratio
Anther length measurement
Measure five anthers exposed at anthesis and calculate their average
stigma color scale 1
Panicle shattering estimation
Observe the extent to which grains have shattered from the panicle before being threshed
Grain yield per plant
Amount of grain (weight) produced per one plant
GYplt
Spikelet
Weight per plant
Stem elongation estimation
Estimate the ability of stems to elongate based on comparison with check varieties. Specify water depth under which the data was recorded
Calculation - Filled spikelet per square meter
Calculate from the filled grain weight and number of filled grains on an area basis
vegetative cold injury scale
Maturity days after seeding
Monitor daily , note the date when 80-85% of grains on panicles are mature, and count the number of days lapsed since the date of effective seeding
Apiculus shape
Shape of the apiculus of the lemma
ApSh
Apiculus of lemma
Shape
Leaf scald damage
The type and severity of leaf scald symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Monographella albescens (Microdochium oryzae). Symptoms: lesions occur mostly near leaf tips, but sometimes start at the margin of the blade and develop into large ellipsoid areas encircled by dark-brown, narrow bands accompanied by a light-brown halo
LfScald
Leaf scald
Damage
leaf blade pubescence scale IRRI cult
Lodging incidence scale
Time to flowering (from emergence)
Time elapsed from date of emergence to flowering stage
DFlwE
Spikelet
Time to flowering from emergence
ufra incidence scale
Panicle blast incidence
The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains
PBInc
Panicle blast
Incidence
Calculation - Spikelets half-filled weight on area basis
Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis
Spikelets per hill
Total number of spikelets per hill
SpHill
Spikelet
Number per hill
Kneeing ability
The ability of a stem, after it has fallen flat e.g. after floodwater recedes, to start growing upright from a young node (the knee)) and bear panicles, typically an ability expressed by deepwater varieties (applicable only in conditions where culms have fallen flat)
KneeAb
Stem
kneeing ability
mature apiculus anthocyanin scale
percent
Filled spikelets per panicle
Number of spikelets with a filled grain per panicle
FSpPan
Filled spikelet
Number per panicle
percent
Culm strength
The stiffness of the culm and its resilience to being bent over
CulmStr
Culm
Strength
Ligule pubescence
Presence and distribution of hairs on ligules
LigPub
Ligule
Pubescence
spikelet fertility scale SES
Awn thickness
Thickness of awns
AwThk
Awn
Thickness
grams per square meter
Bakanae disease
In of bakanae disease symptoms caused by Gibberella fujikuroi. Symptoms: the plant elongates abnormally, has few tillers, and usually dies before producing grains
BakInc
Bakanae disease
Incidence
Grain length score
Average - Panicles per plant
Count the number of panicles on representative plants and compute the average
Yellow mottle disease assessment
Estimate the type and severity of symptoms
Keel anthocyanin immature examination
Examine the colour of the keel of immature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin
Image analysis - Root length using WinRhizo in SITIS platform
Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root length based on WinRHIZO image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method to calculate total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size.
Sheath blight relative height estimation
Estimate the relative lesion height, as the average height above the soil of the uppermost lesion on a leaf blade or leaf sheath expressed as a percentage of the average plant height.
Brown rice protein content
Use standard laboratory procedure to measure the protein content of brown rice grains at 14% moisture content
Gall midge damage
The extent of plant damage caused by gall midge (Orseolia oryzae). Symptoms: light-colored tubular galls resembling an onion leaf on the youngest leaf of the shoot in a tiller.
GallMidgeDam
Gall midge
Damage
Calculation - Straw yield
Oven dry straw at 70?C to constant weight and express in a per unit area basis
Flag leaf-1 width
Width of leaf below the flag leaf
FL1W
Flag leaf-1
Width
Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment field
Observe the damages on plants caused by whitebacked planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage
Culm strength estimation - SES
Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground at intervals from harvest to maturity
Ligule shape determination - cultivated
Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice
Calculation - Flag leaf specific leaf area
Take the ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight
millimeter
Phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse
In a greenhouse test, grow each line in culture solution under two conditions: 0.5ppm P (low P) and 10ppm P (standard P). Estimate the propoprtion of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P
yellow dwarf disease scale
1000 grain (14%MC)weight measurement
Weigh a random sample of 1000 well-developed, whole grains dried to 14% moisture content
Brown spot damage estimation
Estimate the % leaf area diseased
Panicle blast incidence
Count only the number of panicles with lesions covering completely around the node, neck or lower part of the panicle axis (symptom type 7-9), and estimate their percentage
Average - Tiller number per hill
Count all tillers of representative hills and take the average per hill
Seedling cold injury
Observe the vigor, leaf colour and damage to seedlings grown at 10 degrees C
whitebacked planthopper injury scale greenhouse
grams per square meter
Time to maturity (from sowing)
Time elapsed from date of sowing to physiological maturity stage
DMatS
Spikelet
Time to maturity from sowing
centimeter
Average - Straw yield
Dry aboveground plant parts, excluding panicles. Weigh and take the average weight per plant
Spikelet fertility score
Press spikelets between fingers to check which have filled grains inside. Test five representative panicles to estimate the percentage of spikelets that are filled score
Awn color
Colour of the awns, if present
AwCol
Awn
Colour
Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence
Observe the presence and intensity of any purplish colour that can be attributed to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath
culm node anthocyanin presence scale
Manual measurement - SPAD meter reading
Take flag leaf of randomly selected plants and do multiple SPAD readings from tip to base of the leaf.
millibars
flowering heat injury scale
Yellow dwarf disease assessment
Estimate the type and severity of symptoms on secondary growth after cutting at the base
Productive tiller number per plant
Total number of productive tillers arising from the base of each plant
TilProd
Reproductive tiller
Number per plant
Chalkiness of endosperm
Describes the extent to which milled (polished, white) rice appears to be a chalky white colour as opposed to translucent white. The chalky appearance arises from the incomplete development of starch grains in the endosperm, which leaves tiny air pockets between starch granules and results in weak grains
Clk
Endosperm
Chalkiness
leaf blade anthocyanin presence scale
basal leaf sheath anthocyanin scale
Collar color
Observe the colour of the leaf collar against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references
millimeter
cm
percent
Total dry matter per plant
Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per plant
TDMplt
Aboveground dry matter
Weight per plant
Calculation - Stay-green
Take the ratio of number of green leaves at maturity to the number of green leaves at flowering
Calculation - Half-filled spikelet per panicle
Calculate from the number of half-filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2
g per plot
sheath blight relative height scale
Average - half-filled spikelet weight
Take subsample of half-filled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain
mg g-1 dry matter
day
Filled spikelet proportion
Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains
FSpProp
Spikelet
Proportion
Rice bug damage
The extent of plant damage caused by rice bug (Leptocorisa oratorisa).
RBugDam
Rice bug
Damage
millimeter
false smut incidence scale
mm
Average - Major stem diameter
Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the wider portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter.
Flag leaf specific area
Ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight
FLSla
Flag leaf
Specific area
Stem starch content
Starch content in the stem
StSTA
Stem
Starch content
Sterile lemma shape
Shape of the sterile lemmas
LemaShp
Sterile lemma
Shape
cm2 g-1
Rice whorl maggot damage
The extent of plant damage caused by rice whorl maggot (Hydrellia philippina). Symptoms: maggots eat the leaf margins causing conspicuous injury and sometimes stunting of plants
RWhorlMaggDam
Rice whorl maggot
Damage
Panicle axis texture
Texture of the main axis of the panicle
PanAxText
Panicle axis
Texture
square millimeter
Zinc content in grain
Zinc content in polished grain
Milled polished grain
Zinc content
Water extraction capacity
Capcaity of the plant to extract water from the soil
SMTwp
Plant
Water extraction capacity
Manual measurement - ORAC assay
Take leaf sap from youngest fully expanded leaves, trolox equivalent of samples obtained by regression equation with trolox standard
Leaf dry weight per plant
Total dry weight of leaves per plant
LDWplt
Leaf
Dry weight per plant
Total stem materials content
Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content of stem
StTWT
Stem
Materials content
Pith minor diameter
Diameter of the narrower portion of pith
PDMin
Pith
Diameter
millimeter
Panicle axis texture scale
Stay-green
Proportion of leaves that stayed green until the maturity stage
SGr
Green leaf
Proportion
mg g-1 dry matter
culm node anthocyanin scale
panicle length UPOV scale
Glume opening angle
Collect 5-10 blooming florets of a male sterile line from different plants and measure the average angle of the opening between glumes (viz., lemma and palea)
Calculation - Grain yield per plant
Derive grain weight per plant from number of productive panicles per plant, 1000-grain weight, and number filled spikelets per panicle.
Mature lemma and palea color
Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea after harvest.
Image analysis - Major pith diameter
View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the wider portion of the culm pith
Harvest index
Ratio of grain yield to total aboveground biomass
HI
Plant
Biomass partionning
Rice tungro disease
The type and severity of tungro symptoms caused by the Rice tungro virus bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). Symptoms: yellow to yellow orange leaves, stunting and slightly reduced tillering
RTungroSev
Rice tungro
Severity
Anther colour
Colour of anther
AnCo
Anther
Colour
Time to initial flowering (from sowing)
Time elapsed from date of sowing to initial flowering stage
DiFlwS
Spikelet
Time to initial flowering from sowing
Grain length
Length of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea
GrLng
Spikelet
Length
Green leafhopper injury assessment greenhouse
Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings
Canopy height
Distance from soil surface to top of canopy
CanH
Canopy
Height
outcrossing scale
millimeter
Calculation - Grain filling rate
About 2 weeks after flowering, measure grain weight twice at a week interval. Then, compute the grain filling rate by dividing the difference in weight by the time interval. Eg grain weight at 21 days after flowering minus grain weight at 15 days after flowering divided by six days
Caryopsis length SES
Measure and score the length of the caryopsis
Sheath rot
The type and severity of sheath rot symptoms caused by Soracladium oryzae. Symptoms: oblong or irregular brown to grey lesions on the leaf sheath near panicle, sometimes coalescing to prevent emergence of panicle.
ShRotInc
Sheath rot
Incidence
grams per square meter
Average panicle length - mature
Measure the length of main axis of the mature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average
Stem dry weight
Total dry weight of stem and sheath per plant
SDWplt
Stem
Mass
Average sterile lemma length - shorter
Measure the average length of the sterile lemmas of five spikelets. If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet differ in length, measure only the shorter one.
Image analysis - Culm wall thickness
View cross-sectioned sample of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the thickness of the wall of the cross-sectioned culm
stem elongation scale
millimeter
10 grain weight measurement
Wild species: take a random sample of 10 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance
gram per plant
mg g-1 dry matter
Leaf total number
Total number of fully expanded leaves produced per plant from germination to flowering
Lf
Leaf
Number per plant
Flag leaf length
Length of the uppermost leaf of the main culm
FlgLfLng
Flag leaf
Length
percent
Longest awn length
Cultivated species: measure the length of the longest awn
cm
Average - Panicles per hill
Count the number of panicles per hill for several hills. Take the average.
Straw yield
Straw dry matter weight (ie aboveground dry matter without the grains) per area
StDM
Straw
Yield
Secondary panicle branching observation
Observe the abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle, and by referring to a diagram of standards
mm
Leaffolder damage
The extent of leaf damage caused by leaffolder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis or Marasmia patnalis). Symptoms: Larvae consume the leaf tissue except the epidermis, causing typical white streaks. They create a leaf tube during later stages of feeding
LfFolderDam
Leaffolder
Damage
Thrip damage
The extent of damage caused by thrips (Stenchaetothrips biformis)
ThripDam
Thrip
Damage
phosphorus deficiency tillering field scale
brown planthopper biotype 1 injury scale
Image analysis - Root surface area using WinRhizo in SITIS platform
Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root surface area based on image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length. Surface area is calculated from root diameter and length assuming the root has a round cross-section.
Panicle blast damage
The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains
PBDam
Panicle blast
Damage
leaf angle scale
bacterial leaf streak damage scale
Keel anthocyanin
Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the keel of the lemma
KeelAnth
Keel
Anthocyanin content
Spikelets per hill
Calculation - Flag leaf area
Calculate as length times the width of the uppermost leaf on the main culm, multiplied by a constant (0.725)
rat damage incidence scale
Second internode length
Length of the second internode from the base
Int2L
2nd elongated culm internode
Length
Ligule color estimation - wild
Wild species: estimate visually the colour of ligules at anthesis.
Manual measurement - Flag leaf temperature
Take flag leaf and measure temperature near leaf surface with an infrared gun
panicle exsertion scale
degrees
Calculation - Culm diameter
Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters
spikelet sterility scale
leaf senescence harvest scale
Bird damage incidence estimation
Estimate the proportion of panicles that are damaged by birds
Panicle density
Number of panicles per unit area
PanD
Panicle
Number
Calculation - Days to 50% flowering from sowing
Calculate the number of days between sowing and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage)
centimeter
Stem total lignin content
Total lignin content in the stem
StLIG
Stem
Lignin content
count
cubic centimeter
gel consistency scale
Culm node anthocyanin distribution
Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references.
grams per day
Panicle exsertion estimation
Observe the extent to which panicles are exserted above the flag leaf sheath
gram
leaf blade pubescence scale wild
Immature lemma and palea colour
Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea before the grain ripens.
mature lemma and palea color scale UPOV
Code
grassy stunt 1 disease scale
Culm wall area
Area of the culm wall
CwallA
Culm wall
Area
Panicles per hill
Average - Leaf dry weight
Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight, weigh and take the average leaf weight
Panicle type assessment
Estimate the orientation of primary branches on representative panicles by comparing them with a diagram of the categories or with photographs of the reference variety for each category
mg g-1 dry matter
Immature apiculus color examination
Examine the colour of the apiculus of immature lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references
Leaf blade pubescence estimation wild
Wild species: assess the hairiness and the location of hairs on the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards.
NRGQASC - Grain width
Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999)
Root diameter
Diameter of a cross-section of the root
RtD
Root
Diameter
Unfilled spikelets per panicle
Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per panicle
USpPan
Unfilled spikelet
Number
green leafhopper injury scale field
stem borer deadheart damage scale
Half-filled grain weight
Dry weight of a half-filled spikelet, including the hull
THfGW
Half-filled spikelets
Weight
Leaf angle
Position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base
LfAng
Leaf
Angle
Spikelets per panicle
Panicle temperature
Panicle surface temperature
PanT
Panicle
Temperature
Analytical measurement - Lignin content
Predict lignin content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra.
Hoja blanca vegetative disease estimation
Estimate the proportion of young plants with leaves showing symptoms
NRGQASC - Grain length
Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999)
gram
Stem rot
The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by Magnaporthe salvinii (Nakatea sigmoidea, Sclerotium oryzae) and Helminthosporium sigmoideum var. irregulare. Symptoms: dark lesions develop on the stems near the water line. Small, dark bodies (sclerotia) develop, weaken the stem and cause lodging.
StmRotInc
Stem rot
Incidence
maturity scale UPOV
awn presence scale UPOV
Image analysis - Major culm diameter
View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the wider portion of the culm
yellow stem borer deadheart damage scale
lemma and palea pubescence scale IRRI
millimeter
Male sterility estimation
Examine pollen grains under a microscrope and estimate the proportion that are sterile
Pith diameter
Diameter of the hollow portion of the culm
PithD
Pith
Diameter
Average - Grain yield per plant
Measure weight of filled grains from primary and secondary panicles harvested on one plant. Repeat measurement on representative plants. Take the average
%
Gelatinization temperature
Temperature at which the starch in endosperm gelatinizes, one of the key indicators of cooking quality
GelTemp
Milled caryopsis
Gelatinization temperature
Panicle axis observation
Observe the attitude of the main axis of the panicle
Culm internode underlying colour
Colour of internodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings
CulmINodUnderCol
Culm internode
Underlying colour
Udbatta disease incidence estimation
Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected
ligule color scale cult
culm internode anthocyanin presence scale
Flag leaf-1 specific leaf area
Ratio of area to dry weight of the leaf below the flag leaf
FL1Sla
Flag leaf-1
Specific area
Seedling vigor
Assess the vigor of seedlings
Average seedling height
Measure the height of 10 seedlings from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade, and calculate the average
Yellow dwarf
The type and severity of yellow dwarf symptoms caused by a mycoplasma. Symptoms: pale yellow, droopy leaves, excessive tillering and stunting
YellowDwarfSev
Yellow dwarf
Severity
Tillering scale
panicle blast incidence scale
Leaffolder single leaf injury assessment
In a greenhouse test, observe the early injury from leaffolder to each leaf on young plants
zinc deficiency injury scale
Rice delphacid injury assessment field
Observe the damages on plants caused by rice delphacid. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage
flowering cold injury scale
gram
Awn color examination mature UPOV / IRRI
Examine the colour of the awns after harvest against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references.
Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma diameter
View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the diameter of the air space in the culm
Tillers per m2
Ligule shape determination
Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice
Sheath rot incidence estimation
Estimate the proportion of tillers that are diseased
Average - Filled spikelet number per panicle
Count the number of filled spikelets per panicle. Repeat the measurement on other representative panicles. Take the average number of filled spikelets per panicle.
drought scale leaf rolling
immature apiculus color IRRI scale
Image analysis - Root diameter using WinRhizo in SITIS platform
Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root diameter based on image Winrhyzo analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length.
kneeing ability scale SES
Manual measurement - Gas exchange stomatal conductance in SITIS platform
Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure stomatal conductance with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC)
Ligule margin shape
Describes the form of the margin of the ligule
LigMargShp
Ligule margin
Shape
Average culm diameter - wild species
Wild species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of five representative plants
yellow mottle disease scale
Average - Tiller number per plant
Count all tillers arising from representative plants and compute the average
Rat damage
The extent of damage caused by rats. Symptoms: the tiller is cut at a 45 degrees angle. Damage is typically heavier in the center of a crop (stadium effect). A tiller cut through by a rodent is likely to regrow, if this is after maximum tillering then the regrown tiller is unlikely to produce panicles prior to harvest. Often the regrown, but non productive, tillers are not scored as rodent damage.
RatDam
Rat
Damage
Awn color examination immature
Examine the colour of the awns after anthesis against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references.
Lemma phenol reaction
Place hulls from 10 grains into a petri dish of 5 cm diameter, add 5 ml of 1.5% phenol solution, cover the petri dish, and keep at room temperature for 1 day. Observe the intensity of the reaction of the phnol on the lemmas
secondary panicle branching scale
Rhizome formation observation
Wild species: observe the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers around the base of a potted plant when it is ready for harvest
length to width ratio
leaf blade greenness scale
mg g-1 dry matter
culm angle SES scale
gram
bacterial blight damage scale greenhouse
leaf margin pubescence scale
Average - unfilled spikelet weight
Take subsample of unfilled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain
Spikelet sterility calculation
Bag two primary panicles of at least 50 plants with glassine bags before their anthesis begins to prevent cross pollination. At maturity, count the filled (fertile) and unfilled (sterile) spikelets of the bagged panicles, calculate the proportion that are sterile
Average culm diameter - cultivated species
Cultivated species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of three representative plants
Spikelets per panicle
Alkali injury
The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in alkaline soils
AlkInj
Alkali
Injury
ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd)
Average - Productive tiller number per plant
Count all productive tillers in representative plants and take the average
100 grain weight measurement
Cultivated species: take a random sample of 100 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance
square centimeter
Brown rice protein content
The concentration of protein in brown (dehulled) rice
BRiceProtCt
Dehulled grain
protein content
Average - Major culm diameter
Remove leaf sheath and measure wider width of second elongated internodes from the base and take the average
Grassy stunt 2 disease estimation
Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration
cm
leaf blade anthocyanin distribution scale
Awn presence
Observe the presence or absence of awns on maturing spikelets
Grain discoloration
The extent of discoloration of glumes caused by species of Sarocladium, Bipolaris, Alternaria, Gerlachia, Fusarium, Phoma, Curcularia, Trichoconiella, and Pseudomonas. Symptoms: Darkening of glumes of spikelets, brown color to black including rotten glumes. Intensity ranges from sporadic discoloration to discoloration of the whole glume
GrDiscol
Grain
Discoloration by fungal diseases
Average - Panicle temperature
Take representative panicles, measure temperature near panicle surface with an infrared gun and take the average
stem borer deepwater damage scale
%
Caryopsis width
The width of the caryopsis at its widest point at right angles to its length (ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling the grain and before milling)
CaryoWdt
Caryopsis
Width
cm2 cm-2
centimeter
Time to panicle exsertion (from heading)
Time elapsed from heading date and date of exsertion of last spikelet
DExs
Panicle
Time to exsertion from heading
leaf length scale
Drought estimation leaf drying
Estimate the extent to which leaves dry on exposure to drought
Fertility restoration evaluation
Step 1 (pollen fertility: see pollen sterility score): Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the percentage that are fertile, and score. Step 2 (spikelet fertility): count the number of filled grains andtotal spikelets per panicle and convert into percentage fertile. Score the combination of pollen fertility with spikelet fertility
Leaf blast damage type
Assess the type of lesion
Sterile lemma length
Length of sterile lemmas
StrLmLng
Sterile lemma
Length
Weighing - filled grain weight
Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh.
culm diameter scale wild
Yield measurement
Harvest grain from at least 5 m2/plot, discarding at least three border rows. Thresh, dry the rough (paddy) rice to 14% moisture content, and weigh.
Leaf scald damage estimation
Estimate the proportion and distribution of leaf area diseased
Average - Green leaf number
Count number of green leaves on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average number
Culm wall thickness
Distance between the perimeter of the hollow pith and the epidermis
CwallT
Culm wall
Width
Rice delphacid
The extent of damage caused by rice delphacid (Sogatodes oryzicola (Tagosodes orizicolus)). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy.
RDelphDam
Rice delphacid
Damage
Stem ash content
Ash content in the stem
StASH
Stem
Ash content
Grain discoloration incidence estimation
Estimate the proportion of glumes that are discoloured
millimeter
Averaged Manual measurement - Unfilled spikelet number per panicle
Count the number of unfilled spikelets per panicle of representative panicles and then take the average
Average grain length
Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea. In the case of awned varieties, measure to a point comparable to the tip of the apiculus, i.e. excluding the awn. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains
Average - Peduncle length
Measure distance between the panicle neck node of the main culm and the panicle base, i.e. uppermost culm node. Repeat measurement on other representative plants and take the average.
rhizome formation scale 1
Root volume
Total volume of root system
RtV
Root
Volume
Average flag leaf width
Measure width at the widest portion of the flag leaf on five representative plants. Calculate average
kernel smut incidence scale
leaffolder injury scale greenhouse
Half-filled spikelets proportion
Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are half-filled
HFSpPct
Half-filled spikelet
Proportion
panicle type scale UPOV
Calculation - Filled spikelet percentage
Take the number of filled spikelets and divide by the total number of spikelets per panicle, multiply by 100
collar anthocyanin presence scale
submergence relative survival scale
Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma area
View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the average area of the air spaces in the culm
scale_of
bacterial blight race 1 damage scale field
gall midge injury scale greenhouse
Pericarp colour examination
Examine the colour of the pericarp against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references.
Leaf width
Width of penultimate leaf blade
LfWdt
Leaf
Width
Spikelets per panicle
glume opening scale
Average awn length
Calculate the average length of the awns on 10 randomly selected spikelets
millimeter
Average - Minor culm diameter
Remove leaf sheath and measure narrower width of the second elongated internode from the base and take the average
Vegetative cold injury
Observe effects on vigour and leaf colour of plants grown at 17-18 degrees C before flowering
cm/cm
Half-filled spikelet weight per area
Dry weight of half-filled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis
HFSpY
Spikelet
Weight per area
Calculation -Total structural materials
Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content from PLS-FTIR analysis
Keel anthocyanin mature examination
Examine the colour of the keel of mature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin
gram
Male sterility group assignment
? No info in SES on how to identify the group
Mature apiculus color examination
Examine the colour of the apiculus of maturing lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references
Leaffolder unadjusted injury rating
In a greenhouse test where NT leaves have been scored using the single leaf injury score, calculate the injury rating R = (N1 + 2xN2 + 3xN3)x100% / (NTx3), where N1-N3 are the number of leaves with score 1-3
whitebacked planthopper injury scale field
Stem protein content
Protein content in the stem
StPRO
Stem
Protein content
Calculation - Grain length to width ratio
Take ratio of grain length to grain width
sterile lemma color scale wild
Manual measurement - Panicle exsertion
Measure distance between the base of the flag leaf and the panicle neck node, there is positive exertion if the panicle base is above the flag leaf base and a negative exsertion if otherwise.
Calculation - Soil moisture content at wilting point
Calculate as the ratio of soil oven-dried weight to soil fresh weight at wilting point.
ligule pubescence scale 1
green leafhopper injury scale greenhouse
sensed aroma uncooked scale
Mature lemma and palea ornamentation
Visually determinate the colour ornamentation of (i.e. colours present only on parts of) the lemma and palea at maturity
Brown planthopper biotype 2 injury assessment
Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 2 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings
gram per plant
culm diameter scale cult
Caryopsis shape UPOV
Observe the shape of the caryopsis in lateral view
Ufra incidence estimation
Estimate the proportion of tillers that show visible symptoms of infection
gall midge injury scale field
Lemma and palea pubescence
Describes the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemma and palea
LmPPub
Lemma and palea
Pubescence
Stem borer deepwater damage assessment
For deepwater rice, make dissections of 20 or more tillers per plot or row after heading, count the numbers of infested tillers and estimate the proportion of infested tillers
Grain elongation
The extend to which grains elongate during cooking. High elongation is typical of basmati types of rice
GrElong
Grain
Elongation
lemma and palea pubescence scale UPOV
Leaf margin pubescence
Wild species: assess the presence/absence of hairs on the leaf margin
mature lemma and palea color scale SES
Culm strength scale RD
Ligule shape determination - wild
Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice
anther colour scale
Culm node underlying colour
Colour of nodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings
CulmNodUndCol
Culm node
Underlying colour
variable_of
Grain thickness
Thickness of grain with hull
GrThk
Spikelet
Thickness
No scale name found
Tiller fertility
Proportion of reproductive tillers
FerTil
Fertile tiller
Proportion
Sensed aroma uncooked
Vapourise the main component of aroma in rice (2AP: 2-acetyl-1pyrroline)) by adding 10 ml of a 1.7% solution of KOH to 2 g of freshly harvested decorticated grains. Smell the aroma after ten minutes
ligule color scale wild
Grain weight
The weight of a whole grain including the hull
GrnWt
Spikelet
Weight
ligule shape scale cult SES
Spikelets per panicle
awn color scale anthesis UPOV
millimeter
Ligule color estimation
Visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering
%
%
millimeter
% of plants that lodged
Aerenchyma
sensed aroma cooked scale
ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd)
Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment greenhouse
Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damages on seedlings
Anther length
Anther length
AnLt
Anther
Length
Flag leaf angle
The angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis
FlgLfAng
Flag leaf
Angle
Calculation - Total aerenchyma area
Take the average stem aerenchyma area and multiply by the stem aerenchyma number
Tiller number per plant
Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers arising from the base of each plant
TillNo
Tiller
Number per plant
Lodging incidence
Describes the tendency of plants to lodge /(fall flat/)
LodInc
Lodging
Incidence
g per 1000 spikelets
Peak temperature
Gradually heat a sample of milled rice using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), which measures the energy expended to raise the temperature of starch crystals as they gelatinize and melt. The temperature at which energy expenditure is maximum (peak temperature) provides a precise measure of gelatinization temperature.
percent
Average - Flag leaf width
Measure width at the widest portion of the leaf below the flag leaf on the main culm. Repeat measurement on representative leaf and take the average width.
Male sterility group
A classification of male sterility according to the type or cause of sterility
MaleSterGp
Male pollen
Sterility cause
Tiller density
Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per unit area
TilD
Tiller
Number per area
number of tillers
Grassy stunt 1 disease
The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 1 virus (RGSV1). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with small rusty spots
RGSV1Sev
Grassy stunt 1
Severity
Peduncle length
Length of the stalk bearing the panicle
PedL
Peduncle
Length
Average awn thickness
Measure the average thickness of 10 representative spikelets, 1 cm from the apiculus of the spikelet.
Vigor
An overall description of the vigour of plant growth, combining several components such as number of tillers, plant height, number of leaves, canopy density
PlntVg
Plant
Vigor
cm
mm
Average - Panicle dry weight per plant
Oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and weigh the panicles of representative plants and take the average
panicle exsertion male sterile scale
Salt injury assessment
Observe growth in saline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores.
hoja blanca vegetative disease scale
mm
Culm angle estimation
Estimate by eye the average angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical
Spikelet fertility
The proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains
SpkFer
Spikelet
Fertility
Calculation - Tiller fertility
Take the number of reproductive tillers and divide by the total number of tillers
Calculation - Pith diameter
Calculate the average of major and minor pith diameters of the second internode from the base
Seed germination
The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis.
SdGerm
Seed
Germination
brown planthopper injury scale greenhouse
Flag leaf angle estimation wild
Wild species: 7 days after anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves
Grain filling rate
Dry mass accumulated per panicle per unit of time
GFR
Spikelet
Filling rate
Culm degree of deformation
Flatness of the culm
CDef
Culm
Deformation
Glume opening
The extent to which the glumes (i.e. the lemma and palea) of a floret open during blooming
GlOp
Glume
Opening
Plant height
Plant height defined as distance from the soil surface to the highest point of the plant (panicle or flag leaf) excluding awns
PlntHt
Plant
Height
degree Celsius
stem rot incidence scale
culm internode anthocyanin scale
Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma number
View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to count the number of air spaces in the culm
Culm internode anthocyanin
Purplish markings, if any, on internodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin
CulmINodAnth
Culm internode
Anthocyanin content
Abortion pattern estimation
Collect florets and fix in 3:1 Acetic acid:alcohol solution. Squeeze out pollen grains under a drop of acetocarmine stain, observe under a microscope at 10x10 magnification, and estimate the predominant staining behavior and number of nuclei visible
Zinc deficiency injury assessment
Observe growth in a growing medium with a deficiency of zinc
Calculation - Total stem material
Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content from PLS-FTIR analysis
mm
day
Image analysis - Root volume using WinRhizo in SITIS platform
Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root volume based on image analysis
cm2 g-1
Zinc deficiency injury
The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of zinc in the growing medium
ZnDefInj
Zinc deficiency
Injury
Lodging incidence estimation
Observe the proportion of plants that are lodged at harvest
Calculation - Days to flowering from transplanting
Calculate the number of days between transplanting and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage)
Specific area of flag leaf and flag leaf-1
Ratio of pooled flag leaf area to pooled flag leaf dry mass
FLpSla
Flag leaf and flag leaf-1
Specific area
Image analysis - Culm area
View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the cross-sectioned culm
narrow brown leaf spot scale
Plant height average
Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of represenrtative plants and calculate the average
square millimeter
g per 100 spikelets
Iron injury assessment
Observe growth in soil with toxic concentrations of iron
Panicle blast severity
Scoring X panicles using the panicle blast damage score, compute panicle blast severity PBS= (10xN1 + 20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/X, where N1-N9 are the number of panicles with score 1-9
Calculation - Spikelets per panicle
Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 (= SPM2/PANM2)
Manual measurement - Gas exchange transpiration rate in SITIS platform
Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure transpiration rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC)
Panicle shattering
Describes the tendency of grains to fall off the panicle before it is threshed
PanSh
Panicle
Shattering
Average panicle length - immature
Measure the length of main axis of the immature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average
Stem minor diameter - 2nd internode
Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath
SDMin
2nd elongated stem internode
Minor diameter
culm diameter scale UPOV
Awn presence on wild species
Wild species: while the spikelets are maturing, observe the presence of awns
Time to initial flowering (from transplanting)
Time elapsed from date of transplanting to initial flowering stage
DiFlwT
Spikelet
Time to intitial flowering from transplanting
kg per ha
rice delphacid injury scale greenhouse
flag leaf angle scale wild
Keel anthocyanin mature scale
Head rice proportion
Dehull and mill (polish) a sample of grains (paddy). Weigh the whole sample of polished rice, including both whole and broken kernels. Measure the length of 10 randomly selected whole kernels and compute the average. Head rice are all the kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels. Separate and weigh the head rice, and calculate the proportion of head rice out of the total weight of polished rice
Calculation - Specific culm porosity
Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area to cortex area
Dry matter yield
Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per area
TDM
Aboveground dry matter
Yield
mm
millimeter
leaf angle scale
grain discoloration incidence scale
male sterility scale
Elongated internode number
Number of elongated internodes on the culm
EInt
Culm internode
Number
Caryopsis shape
Shape of the caryopsis
CaryoShp
Caryopsis
Shape
Analytical measurement - Cell wall carbohydrate composition
Predict cell wall carbohydrate composition using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra.
auricle anthocyanin presence scale
Culm porosity
Ratio of pith area to culm area
CulmP
Culm
Porosity
Calculation - Stem diameter
Take the average of major and minor stem diameters of the second elongated internode from the base
day
Bacterial blight damage estimation greenhouse
Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a greenhouse test
Analytical measurement - Protein content
Predict protein content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra.
kg per kg
Grassy stunt 2 disease
The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 2 virus (RGSV2). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, yellow to orange and narrow leaves with small rusty spots
RGSV2Sev
Grassy stunt 2
Severity
Calculation - Total culm porosity
Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area and pith area to the culm area
Transpiration rate
Rate of water loss from the leaf
Tr
Leaf
Transpiration rate
centimeter
immature lemma and palea colour scale
Culm angle
Angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical
CulmAng
Culm
Angle
Gall midge injury assessment greenhouse
In a greenhouse test, observe the proportion of plants with silver shoots. For the greenhouse test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should show silver shoots
Amylose content
Amylose content of milled rice as a proportion or percentage of the total amount of rice
AmyCt
Milled caryopsis
amylose content
Outcrossing calculation
Grow the male sterile line in the field, ensuring an abundant supply of pollen from other plants while it is flowering. Calculate the proportion of seed set on the out-pollinated primary panicles
Brown planthopper biotype 1 injury assessment
Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 1 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings
Spikelet sterility
Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain unfilled grains
SpkSter
Sterile spikelet
Proportion
Auricle anthocyanin
Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles
AurShp
Auricle
Anthocyanin content
%
gram
Image analysis - Pith area
View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the hollow region of the culm
Seed germination 1
Estimate the proportion of germinated seeds
Time of 50% heading scale
Flag leaf area
Area of the uppermost leaf on the main culm
FLA
Flag leaf
Area
Average - Stem dry weight
Oven dry representative stems at 70degC to constant weight. Weigh and take the average stem weight
Grassy stunt 1 disease index
Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored
Spikelets per panicle
Total number of spikelets per panicle
SpPan
Spikelet
Number per panicle
count
pericarp colour IRRI scale
Collar anthocyanin presence
Observe the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the collars
stem borer whitehead damage scale
parts per million
Awn distribution scale
Panicle branch arrangement scale
Hoja blanca reproductive disease estimation
Estimate the proportion of plants with panicles showing symptoms
grain width UPOV scale
Leaf blade anthocyanin presence
Estimate visually the presence or absence of a purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf blade anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade
AYLD_CONT method
Record the actual grain yield grain harvested on a plot.
%
phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse scale
leaffolder single leaf injury scale
chalkiness 0-9 scale
ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd)
Average flag leaf length
Measure length of the flag leaf, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average
Rat damage incidence estimation
Estimate the proportion of plants that are damaged by rats
alkali digestion scale
Analytical measurement - Sucrose content
Predict sucrose content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra.
Awn length
Length of awns
AwLng
Awn
Length
Submergence tolerance
The ability of plants to survive a period of submergence
SubTol
Submergence
Tolerance
g per 1000 spikelets
immature apiculus anthocyanin scale
millimeter
percent
ragged stunt disease scale
thrips damage scale
Culm number
Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers after full heading
CulmNo
Culm
Number
Keel anthocyanin immature scale
Milled rice rate
Proportion of milled and polished (processed) rice obtained from rough rice (grain with hull)
MRR
Dehulled grain after milling and polishing
Proportion
square centimeter
apiculus color scale mature
apiculus color SES scale
Stem borer deadheart damage assessment
At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart
day
Rice whorl maggot damage assessment
Observe the severity of damage caused by rice whorl maggot
Bacterial blight race 1 damage estimation field
Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 1
sheath rot incidence scale
Basal leaf sheath color examination 1
Examine the colour of the outside of the basal leaf sheath against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references.
Leaves per plant
Leaf blast damage amount
Estimate the percentage of leaf area affected by leaf blast
Calculation - Spikelets unfilled weight on area basis
Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis
Sterile lemma color examination wild
Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references.
Analytical measurement - Ash content
Predict ash content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra.
Flag leaf-1 length
Length of leaf below the flag leaf
FL1L
Flag leaf-1
Length
ligule margin shape scale
Rice tungro disease estimation - greenhouse
Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RTungroSev_Est_0to9 after 4 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored
Porosity ratio
mg g-1 dry matter
Culm number measurement per plant
Count the total number of grain-bearing and non-bearing tillers on five plants and calculate the average
Culm strength estimation - RD
Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground
No scale name found
Submergence survival assessment
Field evaluation: estimate the proportion of plants that survive submergence after floodwater recedes. Record the duration of submergence
Calculation - Flag leaf -1 area
Calculate as length times the width of the leaf below the flag leaf, multiplied by a constant (0.725)
percent
bacterial blight race 2 damage scale field
Calculation - Spikelets per square meter
Calculate as the sum of filled, half-filled and unfilled spikelets per area
leaf scald damage scale
Half-filled spikelets per panicle
Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per panicle
HFSpPan
Half-filled spikelet
Number per panicle
kilogram per hectare
culm node underlying colour scale
Average - Length of second internode
Measure the distance between the second and third nodes, counting from the base of the main culm. Repeat measurement on other representative plant. Take the average
Ligule length
Length of ligule, defined as distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule
LigLng
Ligule
Length
Calculation - Leaf sheath thickness
Take the difference between the stem diameter and culm diameter and divide this by 2
Calculation - Unfilled spikelet per panicle
Calculate from the unfilled spikelet density and the panicles density
Calculation - Harvest index
Take ratio of grain yield to total dry matter per area
day
Caryopsis length UPOV scale
Culm internode anthocyanin examination
Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references.
Panicle blast severity
The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains
PBSev
Panicle blast
Severity
Calculation - Relative flag leaf size
Take the ratio of flag leaf area to area of the leaf below the flag leaf
Leaf blast damage
The type and severity of leaf blast symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms are necrotic lesions on the leaves, in severe cases leading to leaf death
LfBlastDam
Leaf blast
Damage
NRGQASC - Grain thickness
Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999)
method_of
cm
Grain elongation ratio
Measure the ratio of the length of cooked to uncooked polished (white) rice grains