RHIZOME_FORMATION RhyzForm_Est_1to6 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Normal, most plants with 4-leaves 5 Jeffrey Detras BLS BLS_Est_0to9 IRRI 8 Purple 5 Lesion partially around the base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part of panicle axis near the base AerA_IA_mm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI 50-74% 7 SpD_CM_spk Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI CulmPP_CM_r Julie Pasuquin RtL_Win_cm Julie Pasuquin IRRI Jeffrey Detras LEAFFOLDER IRRI LfFolderDam_EstSingleLead_0to3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Clk_Vis_0to9 LEAFFOLDER IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_0to9 Leaves slightly yellow, plants slightly stunted, flowering slightly delayed 3 Strongly drooping 4 7 20-39% TI TillNo_Comp_1to9 Julie Pasuquin IRRI MaleSter_UPOVEst_1to3 MSTERILE IRRI POLLEN_STERILITY Jeffrey Detras No disease observed 0 8 Julie Pasuquin IRRI FL1W_Av_cm Obtuse or rounded 3 1 Very slight damage/leaf discoloration 1-3 Tolerant AwCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to9 IRRI AWCO ANC Jeffrey Detras CwallA_CM_mm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI 088 7 7 Lesion completely around panicle base or uppermost internode or panicle axis near base with more than 30% of filled grains Very strong 9 No damage 0 All plants dead 9 Julie Pasuquin StDM_Av_g IRRI IRRI LigMargShp_Est_1to99 Jeffrey Detras LIGMSH 2 Growth and tillering nearly normal, basal leaves slightly discolored AurShp_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin StemD_CM_mm Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 5 Jeffrey Detras GrElong_Comp_ratio IRRI 3 thin 7 Leaves yellow or orange yellow, plants moderately stunted, floweringvery much delayed Julie Pasuquin TFlwT_CM_d IRRI IRRI GrWh_MM_mm Julie Pasuquin 46-65% 7 080 7 26-50% 7 6 2 Acute to acuminate 5 Narrow or slightly elliptical lesions, 1-2 mm in breadth, more than 3 mm long with a brown margin Jeffrey Detras GrYld_Comp_kgha GrYld_Comp_kgha IRRI Jeffrey Detras RICE_WHORL_MAGGOT RWhorlMaggDam_Est_0to9 IRRI PanThr_Est_1to3 THR_SCOR_1_3 IRRI PTH Jeffrey Detras 3 Purple White 1 BLSCol_Est_1to4 BLSC_CO_1_4 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Glabrous 1 HGW Julie Pasuquin 100GW FGW_MM_g100gr IRRI 081 4 Jeffrey Detras STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH IRRI StrLmLng_AvShort_mm 0 Absent 2 Semi-round IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfFolderDam_CompAdjRating_Pct LEAFFOLDER Julie Pasuquin IRRI GY_CM_gm2 dark purple/black 9 Jeffrey Detras BPHDam_GH3_0to9 BPH IRRI 4-5% 4 1 Extra long IRRI LigShp_CultEst_SES0to3 Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_SHAPE PanLng_MatAv_cm IRRI PNL PanL_MM_cm Jeffrey Detras ThripDam_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras THRIPS 9 Present PanBrNo_Av_BrPan IRRI PBPan_MM_BrPan Jeffrey Detras pbasbrno IRRI Jeffrey Detras CS CUST CulmStr_EstRD_1to9 Julie Pasuquin TFlwS_CM_d IRRI Very short <50 cm 1 0-19% 9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfFolderDam_EstFld_0to9 LEAFFOLDER 60-79% 3 1 1-5% StPRO_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI Very long >40 mm 9 Julie Pasuquin CanH_Av_cm IRRI BPHDam_GH2_0to9 BPH IRRI Jeffrey Detras 76-100% 9 055 4 26-50% 7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CaryoWdt_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras CollCol_Est_SES0to3 CC IRRI 7 pollen 60-69% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile Lesion type is the same as in 1, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves 3 Jeffrey Detras LmPCol_MatEst_IRRI1to11 IRRI 9 090 Straight 1 060 8 INCO IRRI CulmINodUnderCol_Est_0to2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin CDMin_Av_mm PGWC_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI 1 Erect 60-79% 3 1 above 30% seed set 5 21-30% IRRI LW LfWdt_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras SECONDARY_BRANCHING_OF_PANICLES IRRI Jeffrey Detras Pan2ndBr_Est_0to3 3 Narrow 6 7 thick 2 Thick > IRRI Jeffrey Detras DRT7_DRY_0_9 DhtRecov_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CulmINodAnth_Est_0to2 Rs_LCPro_invm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 50-74% 7 IRRI Julie Pasuquin StNSC_AM_mgg Jeffrey Detras BB BBDam_EstFld1_1to9 IRRI 9 All plants dead Leaves partially yellow but with no hopperburn 3 ANC AWCO AwCol_MatEst_UPOV1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 51-100% 9 Very low (<1%) 1 Jeffrey Detras HDR IRRI HdR_Comp_Perc Julie Pasuquin IRRI StDM_CM_gm2 1 Less than 1% moderately stressed 3 RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras RAGGED_STUNT 9 black 7 20-29 degrees 2 Hairs on lemma keel PanLng_ImmatAv_cm IRRI Jeffrey Detras PNL Julie Pasuquin AerN_IA_Aer IRRI Julie Pasuquin SGr_CM_pct IRRI 6-25% 5 26-50% (apical and marginal lesions) 7 084 Purple lines 4 CS IRRI CulmStr_EstSES_1to9 CUST Jeffrey Detras TiFlwT_CM_d Julie Pasuquin IRRI StemBorer_DeadheartEst_0to9 STEM_BORER_DAMAGE IRRI Jeffrey Detras 5 070 Horizontal 5 2 Subulate or setaceous Exs_MM_cm IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI CulmDiam_WildAv_mm Jeffrey Detras CMD IRRI LfLng_Av_1to9 Jeffrey Detras LEAF_LENGTH 071 6 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CaryoLng_Av_mm 1-5% 3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LEAF_LENGTH LfLng_Av_cm Purple apex 7 FLpSla_CM_cm2g Julie Pasuquin IRRI 3 084 1 Very slight damage 3 Short ~8 mm Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves whitish and rolled 3 6-25% 5 No symptom observed 0 More than half the plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted 7 7 Strong IRRI CulmNodAnth_IntensEst_1to9 Jeffrey Detras 7 Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying 11-30% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration 5 Julie Pasuquin TilHill_Av_TillH IRRI 7 Moderately well exserted ApCol_MatEst_SES1to7 APC IRRI Jeffrey Detras PltH_MAT_cm_MM PlntHt_Av_cm IRRI Jeffrey Detras PltH_FLW_cm_MM PltH_15DAF_cm_MM HT Short ~15 cm 3 Jeffrey Detras GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE IRRI GallMidgeDam_EstGH_0to9 1 Less than 5% BBDam_EstGH_1to9 BB IRRI Jeffrey Detras 1 Less than 5% infected panicles Julie Pasuquin IRRI CulmP_CM_r 070 3 IRRI CollCol_Est_RD0to4 Jeffrey Detras CC Absent 1 THR_SCOR_1_3 PTH IRRI PanThr_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI BApAnth_ImmatEst_0to7 Jeffrey Detras MRR_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI 9 61-100% CÈcile Grenier AmyCt_NIRS_Pct CIAT AMY StemBorer_DeepWatEst_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras STEM_BORER_DAMAGE Jeffrey Detras FLA FlgLfAng_WildAv_1to7 IRRI GRW IRRI Jeffrey Detras GrWdt_Meas_1to7 Typical susceptible blast lesions 3 mm or longer, infecting less than 4% of the leaf area 4 IRRI SpPan_CM_SpPan Julie Pasuquin Purple 6 Jeffrey Detras ShRotInc_Est_0to9 SHEATH_ROT IRRI Gold and gold furrows on straw background 2 000 0 9 Present MSTERILE MaleSter_Comp_1to9 POLLEN_STERILITY Jeffrey Detras IRRI IRRI Jeffrey Detras SEEDLING_HEIGHT SeedlHt_Av_cm Broad 7 51-100% 9 1 Less than 1% Highly sterile <50% to trace 7 9 Rapidly coalescing small, whitish, grayish, or bluish lesions without distinct margins 7 Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead No lesions observed 0 2 0 No injury Julie Pasuquin IRRI SDMaj_Av_mm 0 No injury early 3 Jeffrey Detras BirdDam_Est_1to9 BIRD_DAMAGE IRRI Jeffrey Detras AwPres_Est_0to9 IRRI ANP BRR_CM_pct IRRI Julie Pasuquin 5 11-15% Present 1 1-10% covered 3 5 11-30% 9 More than 50% FLW HDG IRRI Jeffrey Detras HeadT_50Est_1to7 LDWplt_Av_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI PhenReac_Est_1to7 Jeffrey Detras CMA_CO_1_9 CulmAng_Est_SES1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras AWDIST IRRI AwDist_Est_1to5 Complete plant wilting, followed by severe yellowing and scorching 9 CulmLng_Av_1to7 Jeffrey Detras CML IRRI 7 26-50% IRRI Jeffrey Detras LmPCol_MatEst_UPOV1to6 0 No damage observed LigCol_Est_0to3 IRRI LIGULE_COLOR Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras CMD CulmDiam_WildAv_1or2 IRRI IRRI Jeffrey Detras KeelAnth_MatEst_0to7 No damage 0 3 95-99% 086 1 Julie Pasuquin CwallT_IA_mm IRRI IRRI LIGULE_COLOR Jeffrey Detras LigCol_WildEst_0to5 5 Medium: 10-19 tillers/plant Jeffrey Detras MAT IRRI TMat_Meas_d Julie Pasuquin IRRI FL1Dw_Av_g 5 30-39 degrees 4 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LG LodInc_Est_1to9 082 11 3 6-12% Better than that of elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of the best local floating variety 3 TMatT_CM_d Julie Pasuquin IRRI Julie Pasuquin AerTA_IA_mm2 IRRI CÈcile Grenier CIAT ZnCt_Meas_ppm Highly sterile 1-49% 2 First and 2nd leaves with orange tips, slight stunting 3 Julie Pasuquin GY_CMD_gm2 IRRI SeedlHt_Av_1to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras SEEDLING_HEIGHT Very few: fewer than 5 tillers/plant 9 Jeffrey Detras StrLmCol_Est_1to4 STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR IRRI LIGULE_SHAPE LigShp_Est_1to2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 0 Absent LigPub_Est_1to3 LIGULE_PUBESCENCE IRRI Jeffrey Detras PanExs_EstMStrl_1to9 Jeffrey Detras PEX IRRI EXS 4 052 BPHDam_GH1_0to9 BPH IRRI Jeffrey Detras 7 26-50% Lf_Av_LfPlt Julie Pasuquin IRRI 5 light red NOCO IRRI Jeffrey Detras CulmNodUndCol_Est_0to2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI TiFlwS_CM_d Leaves turn yellow or orange, more than 75% height reduction, no flowering or some plants dead 9 5 Acute 1-10% 1 GLH Jeffrey Detras IRRI GLhDam_EstFld_0to9 Julie Pasuquin IRRI GYplt_CM_g 1 Very weak tolerant 1-3 BApAnth_MatEst_0to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Non-glutinous (non-waxy, stains dark blue purple) 1 GRW IRRI Jeffrey Detras GrWdt_Av_mm 7 Strong Lightly scented 1 8 087 medium 5 Mostly or generally hirsute: hairs covering more than 50% of the ligule 3 Present 9 FlgLfAng_EarlAv_1to7 FLA IRRI Jeffrey Detras IRRI CulmNo_Av_Culm Jeffrey Detras CMN 5 21-30% Purple 9 7 11-20% 054 6 Jeffrey Detras StrLmLng_AvShort_1to9 STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH IRRI Jeffrey Detras PlntVg_VegEst_1to9 VG IRRI strong 5 Julie Pasuquin IRRI PithD_CM_mm 5 8-15% Jeffrey Detras PericCol_Exam_1to7IRRI SCCO IRRI 1 080 4 080 IRRI Jeffrey Detras KERNEL_SMUT KSmut_Est_0to9 SG SdGerm_Est_Pct IRRI Jeffrey Detras 3 052 Intermediate (stains reddish-blue purple) 2 Jeffrey Detras ANC AwCol_MatEst_IRRI0to6 AWCO IRRI Narrow <1 cm 3 020 Straw 1 GelC_Meas_1to5 GELC Jeffrey Detras IRRI Julie Pasuquin HMRR_CM_pct IRRI Cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction type (CMS) 1 BPH Jeffrey Detras BPHDam_Fld_0to9 IRRI IRRI Gs_LCPro_mol Julie Pasuquin 0-10% height reduction, no ragged/twisted leaf, very few veins slightly swollen usually on leaf collar 3 1 1-10% 21-30% 5 IRRI LMPUB Jeffrey Detras LfMargPub_Est_1to2 TilPlt_Av_TillPlt Julie Pasuquin IRRI 3 Highly sterile (99%-99.9%) PanHill_Av_PanHill Julie Pasuquin IRRI WBPH IRRI WBPH_EstFld_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 9 pollen and spikelets both <60% fertile IRRI Julie Pasuquin FLA_CM_cm2 IRRI LIGULE_SHAPE Jeffrey Detras LigShp_WilEst_0to7 None awnless 0 Entire 1 PanD_Calc_Panm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI P1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras PDef_FldEst_1to9 IRRI RGSV1Sev_Index_Pct Jeffrey Detras RGSV1 Medium 5 IRRI GrLng_MM_mm Julie Pasuquin Jeffrey Detras GrLng_Av_1to7 GRL IRRI 4 Hairy on both sides Julie Pasuquin CulmD_IA_mm IRRI 7 Purple spots on straw UFSpY_CM_gm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI Brown (tawny) 3 7 Spreading (>60-80 degrees, culms not resting on the ground) Short to intermediate 91-105 cm 4 9 very strong Julie Pasuquin IRRI GLf_Av_LfPlt absent or very weak 1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras KNEEING_ABILITY KneeAb_EstAng_1to9 4 Jeffrey Detras CaryoLng_MeasSES_1to7 IRRI 1-3% 2 Glabrous (smooth-including ciliated margins) 1 Partly sterile 50-74% 5 Julie Pasuquin IRRI GYplt_Av_g 7 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. Upper half only 3 4 IRRI AerD_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin 3 Intermediate 41-60 mm 5 Spreading (open) 0 None IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfAng_Est_RD1to7 LEAF_ANGLE IRRI Julie Pasuquin DEC_CM_pct 042 3 060 3 061 No kneeing 9 SpkFer_Est_1to5 SPKF IRRI SpFert SPIKELET_FERTILITY Jeffrey Detras TilProd_Av_TillPlt Julie Pasuquin IRRI Erect <15 degrees 1 PDMaj_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI LigShp_CultEst_RD0to3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_SHAPE Julie Pasuquin IRRI StSTA_AM_mgg Very long (>80 cm) 9 Strong rhizomes with tubers 6 Jeffrey Detras SUB SubTol_FldEst_1to9 IRRI EndoType_Est_1to3 ENDO IRRI Jeffrey Detras TUfGW UfGW_Av_g1000gr Julie Pasuquin IRRI 0 No incidence variegated brown 3 3 Clustered Short <30 cm 3 ANP AwPres_WildEst_0to2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras STIGMA_COLOR IRRI Jeffrey Detras StgmCol_Est_1to5 011 1 1 1-10% medium 5 Julie Pasuquin DMatS_CM_d IRRI 4-6 moderately tolerant StemBorer_YellowEst_0to9 IRRI STEM_BORER_DAMAGE Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfWdt_Av_cm LW 36-50% 7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras ApCol_ImmatEst_UPOV1to6 APC 3 Early (all leaves have lost their green colour at harvest) 6 red 3 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with few small tillers. 1 1-2% 0 Absent AwThk_Av_mm ANT IRRI Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin IRRI USpD_CM_spk CTOL ColdSens_VegEst_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 4 Very weak 1 AnLt_Av_mm AL IRRI Jeffrey Detras 26-50% 7 7 Strong 3 Vigorous, fast growing Julie Pasuquin IRRI CDef_CM_r IRRI RTungroSev_GHComp_Pct RTD1 Jeffrey Detras 7 31-50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration IRRI Julie Pasuquin Int2L_Av_cm Absent 0 Thermosensitive-genic type (TGMS) 2 1 Slender 2 medium IRRI Jeffrey Detras YellowMottleSev_Est_0to9 YELLOW_MOTTLE 5 11-15% Very weak 1 9 Almost all plants dead or dying Shallow leaf folding 1 Jeffrey Detras PnT PanTyp_Est_UPOV1to9 IRRI PDMin_IA_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 51-100% 8 2 062 TDMplt_CM_gPlnt Julie Pasuquin IRRI IRRI Jeffrey Detras AWCO AwCol_ImmatEst_SES0to6 ANC FREST IRRI Jeffrey Detras FertRest_Comp_1to9 Extra vigorous, very fast growing 1 StmRotInc_Est_0to9 STEM_ROT IRRI Jeffrey Detras Medium 3 1 060 Green 7 Pale green to yellow and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withnumerous small tillers 4 080 IRRI ApCol_ImmatEst_IRRI1to9 Jeffrey Detras APC 2 Scented TGW FGW_MM_g1000gr 1000GW Julie Pasuquin IRRI 084 2 Jeffrey Detras PanLng_MatAv_UPOV1to3 PNL IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfBladPub_CultEst_UPOV1to7 LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE IRRI 9 More than 50% height reduction, with distinct yellow to yellow orange discoloration CulmAng_Est_UPOV1to9 CMA_CO_1_9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 3 Partly sterile 50-74% 6 054 IRRI StTWT_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin 0% covered 1 Clk_Cerv_cerv IRRI Jeffrey Detras 1 Completely sterile 0% One-fourth to 1/2 of all leaves dried 5 51-75% 7 Growth nearly normal but there is some reduction in tillering and some leaves discolored 3 Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead 5 3 080 IRRI Jeffrey Detras RaggedStuntSev_Index_Pct RAGGED_STUNT gold 2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin FSD_CM_spk 2 Stressed 3 Slightly Drooping 011 1 HT PlntHt_Meas_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras RGSV2Sev_Index_Pct Jeffrey Detras RGSV2 IRRI RtD_Win_mm IRRI Julie Pasuquin black 6 1 very early 7 Long 7 080 5 purple furrows UFSpPct_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI 8 087 IRRI Jeffrey Detras SPIKELET_FERTILITY SPKF SpFert SpkFer_Est_1to9 1 Completely 100% sterile IRRI Jeffrey Detras ApAnth_MatEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras PnT PanTyp_Est_SES1to3 IRRI IRRI GRNWT Jeffrey Detras GrnWt_1000Wgh_1to7 GRWT 040 Gold 3 7-9 sensitive 3 11-20% strong 7 4 Fertile 75-90% Clk_Vis_0to5 CIAT CÈcile Grenier AnCo_Est_1to2 IRRI ANCO Jeffrey Detras 8 IRRI UDBATTA_DISEASE Jeffrey Detras UDInc_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras PEX PanExs_Est_1to9 IRRI EXS IRRI Julie Pasuquin DExs_CM_d 1 041 Half spindle-shaped 3 1 Very short (<21 cm) IRRI AurCol_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras AC 8 purple TilD_CM_Tillm2 IRRI Julie Pasuquin 26-100% 9 Julie Pasuquin CDMaj_Av_mm IRRI GlOp_Av_deg IRRI GLO Jeffrey Detras 4 Red IRRI UFSpPan_CompD_SpPan Julie Pasuquin 4 9 Present 2 Jeffrey Detras BLSCO_ANTH IRRI BLSAnth_Est_1to9 Julie Pasuquin IRRI FL1A_CM_cm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI GFR_CM_gday 2 Curved IRRI THfGW HfGW_Av_g1000gr Julie Pasuquin Very early (all leaves lost their green colour before grain maturity) 1 Julie Pasuquin CDMin_IA_mm IRRI DhtInj_EstRoll_0to9 DRS_DRY_0_9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras More than 80% 1 BPHDam_GH_0to9 BPH IRRI Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin SDMin_Av_mm IRRI IRRI BLSAnth_Est_1to7 Jeffrey Detras BLSCO_ANTH 7 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 0 Absent IRRI Jeffrey Detras SdDate_Meas_Date DATE_SEED IRRI SMTwp_CM_mb Julie Pasuquin Jeffrey Detras RICE_DELPHACID IRRI RDelphDam_EstFld_0to9 IRRI CaseWormDam_Est_0to8 Jeffrey Detras CASE_WORM_DAMAGE 1 010 IRRI FL1Sla_CM_cm2g Julie Pasuquin 3 Purple 2 081 Descending 7 Julie Pasuquin FLDw_Av_g IRRI 0 Absent 6-25% 5 0 Growth and tillering nearly normal 9 51-100% Julie Pasuquin HFSpY_CM_gm2 IRRI LEAFFOLDER IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfFolderDam_CompRating_Pct ALK Jeffrey Detras AlkInj_Est_1to9 IRRI THR_SCOR_1_3 Jeffrey Detras PanSh_Est_1to9 PSH IRRI 9 All plants dead Drooping 7 2 Very weak 1 1 Very slight damage WBPH_EstGH_0to9 WBPH IRRI Jeffrey Detras CulmLng_Av_cm IRRI Jeffrey Detras CML 26-50% 7 1 080 3 First and 2nd leaves with orange tips: slight stunting 091 10 Leaves green but with sparse dots or streaks and less than 5% of height reduction 3 Strong no bending 1 3 41-70% KeelAnth_ImmatEst_0to7 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 1 Erect <30? No disease observed 0 Medium 5 IRRI HTOL HeatSens_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras dark brown 4 5 Intermediate 106 -120 cm 1-5% 3 Jeffrey Detras FLA FlgLfAng_LateAv_1to7 IRRI 2 Smooth Jeffrey Detras PanBrArr_Est_1or2 pbra IRRI Dark 7 IRRI GRNWT Jeffrey Detras GRWT GrnWt_10Wgh_g 2 084 No damage 0 straw 1 5 Medium 1 Excellent 1 Absent Jeffrey Detras LfScald_Est_0to9 LEAF_SCALD IRRI Jeffrey Detras CTOL ColdSens_FlwEst_0to9 IRRI Very slight injury 1 LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE IRRI LmPPub_Est_IRRI1to5 Jeffrey Detras 5 pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile 5 080 Purple Typical blast lesions infecting 26-50% of the leaf area 7 1-5% 3 9 Leaves orange yellow or orange, plants severely stunted, sometimes dead, flowering very much delayed long 3 056 7 5 Open ?60? 11-25% 7 IRRI PanAxAtt_Est_UPOV1to2 Jeffrey Detras PANICLE_AXIS StrLmCol_Est_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras STERILE_LEMMA_COLOR Julie Pasuquin IRRI StEXT_AM_mgg 1 Erect 042 3 8 Jeffrey Detras PB IRRI PBInc_Est_0to9 4 052 Brown (tawny) Scalloped or toothed 2 Purple furrows on straw 8 1 White Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area 5 Below 20 degrees 9 6-12% 3 Partially sterile (70%-94.9%) 7 No damage 0 Julie Pasuquin IRRI USpPan_Av_SpPan More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted 7 Jeffrey Detras PericCol_Exam_1to7UPOV IRRI SCCO IRRI LfT_LCPro_degC Julie Pasuquin ANC IRRI AwCol_ImmatEst_IRRI0to8 Jeffrey Detras AWCO 3 052 Brown (tawny) 0 No disease observed No visible lesion observed or lesions on only a few pedicels 0 Pollen free (TGMS line, e.g. Norin PL12) 1 052 Brown (tawny) 3 11-40% 7 000 0 5 75-94% 4 reddish to light purple 99 Other DrG_Est_sc1to5 Julie Pasuquin IRRI Medium 5 Erect 1 Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers 1 0 No disease observed Tip drying extended up to 1/4 length in most leaves 3 No damage 0 YELLOW_DWARF IRRI Jeffrey Detras YellowDwarfSev_Est_0to9 5 Medium Less than 1% 1 6 5 080 Moderate (~15%) 5 9 76-100% medium 3 RDelphDam_EstGH_0to9 IRRI RICE_DELPHACID Jeffrey Detras 1 Lightly scented IRRI Julie Pasuquin FerTil_CM_pct 9 Drooping PDef_GHEst_1to9 IRRI P1 Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras GRNWT GRWT GrnWt_100Wgh_g 9 61% and above Very slight damage 1 IRRI PanPlt_Av_PanPlt Julie Pasuquin 3 20-30% 5-9.9% seed set 7 SCT Sct_SmellUncook_0to2 IRRI Jeffrey Detras NUMBER_OF_PANICLES PNO IRRI Jeffrey Detras PanNo_Est_1to5 Weak 3 weak 3 5 Pronounced yellowing of leaves and stunting, fewer than 50% of plants dead BB IRRI Jeffrey Detras BBDam_EstFld2_1to9 5 11-25% infected panicles 9 Very long >40 cm FlgLfLng_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin FGLL IRRI FLL_MM_cm LemaShp_Est_0to3 Jeffrey Detras SLSH IRRI Jeffrey Detras BLAST LfBlastDam_EstAmt_0to9 IRRI HFSpPan_CM_SpPan IRRI Julie Pasuquin 1 Very weak 020 Straw 2 RGSV1 IRRI RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras PRT BRiceProtCt_Meas_Pct IRRI ORAC_MM_trol Julie Pasuquin IRRI acute 1 5 Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves discolored, only a few elongating 9 100 IRRI BakInc_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras BakInc Erect 1 GY_CM_kgplot IRRI Julie Pasuquin 21-50% 7 Highly fertile >90% 5 PlntVg_SdEst_1to9 VG IRRI Jeffrey Detras 010 1 1-10% 3 080 Purple 7 51-100% (apical and marginal lesions) 9 BLCO LfBladGreen_Est_0to3 Jeffrey Detras IRRI 3 2-cleft GLO GlOp_Av_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Long spindle-shaped 5 Less than 1% 1 40-69% 5 CMD Jeffrey Detras CulmDiam_Av_1to7 IRRI IRRI AmyCt_Meas_Pct AMY Jeffrey Detras IRRI Jeffrey Detras ChrNo_Count_Chr LmPPub_Est_UPOV1to9 LEMMA_AND_PALEA_PUBESCENCE IRRI Jeffrey Detras 7 More than 2/3 of all leaves fully dried IRRI Jeffrey Detras CaryoWdt_Av_mm FLW_MM_cm IRRI Jeffrey Detras FGLW FlgLfWdt_Av_cm 9 black Jeffrey Detras CulmNodAnth_PresEst_1to9 IRRI PithA_IA_mm2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI First and 2nd leaves yellowing 3 IRRI Jeffrey Detras StmElong_Esr_1to9 ELONGATION LIGULE_LENGTH IRRI Jeffrey Detras LigLng_Av_mm 1-5% 1 25% of the kernel with chalkiness 2 Julie Pasuquin IRRI CDMaj_IA_mm 8 IRRI GRAIN_DISCOLORATION Jeffrey Detras GrDiscol_Est_0to9 Julie Pasuquin IRRI RtV_Win_cm3 2 Leaves tightly rolled 9 3 3 Short 71-90 cm 5 31-50% PNO IRRI PanNo_Count_PanPlnt Jeffrey Detras NUMBER_OF_PANICLES 3 Low Well exserted 9 IRRI KneeAb_EstPres_0or1 Jeffrey Detras KNEEING_ABILITY Jeffrey Detras ZDEF IRRI ZnDefInj_Est_1to9 2 Cleft 3 Abortion at uni-nucleate stage of pollen (CMS-WA type) Almost all plants dead or dying 9 IRRI Julie Pasuquin TDM_CM_gm2 Emarginate 4 3 Low (~3%) SDWplt_Av_g Julie Pasuquin IRRI 0 No injury 011 1 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 8 Medium 5.51-6.6 mm 5 IRRI GrYld_wgh_gplot Jeffrey Detras GrYld_wgh_gplot GrThk_Av_mm Jeffrey Detras GRAIN_THICKNESS IRRI 2 light brown Jeffrey Detras SUB IRRI SubTol_GHEst_1to9 2 26-100% 9 0 No disease observed IRRI BLAST Jeffrey Detras LfBlastDam_EstScr_0to9 Glabrous 1 Long (~70 cm) 7 1 Kernel not affected but chalky, high gel temp (>74C) 4 1 Absent IRRI LfBlastDam_EstTyp_0to9 Jeffrey Detras BLAST 1 Lesions on several pedicels or secondary branches RAT_DAMAGE IRRI Jeffrey Detras RatDam_Est_1to9 IRRI Julie Pasuquin FL1L_Av_cm Long ~30 mm 7 FSpProp_CM_pct IRRI Julie Pasuquin 1 041 9 Extra long IRRI GrLng_Av_mm GRL Jeffrey Detras 1 Very abundant: more than 25 tillers/plant 2 Thick > Less than 1% 1 3 Short purple 5 PNL Jeffrey Detras IRRI PanLng_MatAv_RD1to9 IRRI Julie Pasuquin RtA_Win_cm2 0-4.9% seed set 9 1 Very weak 4 reddish brown RBugDam_Est_0to9 RICE_BUG_DAMAGE IRRI Jeffrey Detras No lesions observed 0 Very slight damage 1 4 red All plants dead 9 5 Intermediate (one leaf still green at harvest) present 9 No scraping 0 GLH GLhDam_EstGH_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Yellow to orange and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with few small tillers 9 7 Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves discolored or dead PhenAcc_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras PHENOTYPIC_ACCEPTABILITY IRRI CTOL IRRI ColdSens_SeedlEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 6-25% (apical and some marginal lesions) 5 Tr_LCPro_mmol IRRI Julie Pasuquin Upright 1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras ApAnth_ImmatEst_0to9 Less than 5% 1 StgExers_Comp_1to9 STIGMA_EXSERTION Jeffrey Detras IRRI No disease observed 0 late 7 030 1 LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE LfBladPub_WildEst_1to4 IRRI Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras IRRI dist_post PanBasBrDist_Av_mm LG IRRI LodInc_Meas_pct Jeffrey Detras 7 Long ~35 cm 3 Stunting slight, tillering decreased, some basal leaves brown or yellow 4 060 4 Jeffrey Detras FlwDate_80Flw_Date FLW_DATE IRRI 1 No symptom observed 5 11-30% 7 12-25% Unacceptable 9 000 0 No symptoms 0 3 short 000 0 IRRI Jeffrey Detras PB PBDam_Est_0to9 3 Short IRRI APSH Jeffrey Detras ApSh_Est_1to2 Jeffrey Detras CulmNodAnth_DistrEst_0to3 IRRI DhtInj_EstDry_0to9 Jeffrey Detras DRS_DRY_0_9 IRRI 0 No disease observed 3 051 8-9 highly sensitive 4 1 Lesions only on bottom 20% of the plant Medium 5 ANL AwLng_Av_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras 3 040 5 1/3 to 1/2 of leaves injured Weak 3 LEAF_ANGLE IRRI LfAng_Est_SES1to9 Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras FLW HDG IRRI HeadT_80Comp_d All plants dead 9 9 51-100% 70-89% 3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 26% and above 9 0 Absent 1 Semidwarf (lowland: less than 110 cm, upland: less than 90 cm) 2 062 All plants dead 9 STERILE_LEMMA_LENGTH StrLmLng_AvLong_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 1 Erect (compact) purple 5 Split or segmented with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp 5 Absent 0 Pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with numerous rusty spots, more than 30% height reduction and with numerous small tillers 9 3 Lesion type is the same as in scale 2, but a significant number of lesions are on the upper leaves 020 2 FSpPan_CM_SpPan Julie Pasuquin IRRI SpHill_CM_SpH Julie Pasuquin IRRI Julie Pasuquin IRRI SMCwp_CM_pct 9 very strong 9 Present 0 Non-scented FALSE_SMUT Jeffrey Detras FSmut_Est_0to9 IRRI 3 Vegetative crown and weak rhizomes 2 Truncate 7 Tall >60 cm Hard <36 mm 5 Normal 5 11 White Poorest elongation, or none, like non-elongating semidwarf e.g. IR42 9 Strong 7 Julie Pasuquin IRRI EInt_Av_Ino IRRI Jeffrey Detras AwLng_WildAv_0to9 ANL IRRI Julie Pasuquin CulmA_IA_mm2 6 100 Black Pointed 1 0 Absent 5 Intermediate ~45 cm 7 Yellow to orange and narrowleaves with some rusty spots, 11-30% height reduction, and withfew small tillers StSTR_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI more than 75% 9 Upper three quarters only 4 Small brown specks of pinpoint size or large brown specks without sporulating center on the lower leaves 1 5 41-60% IRRI GY_CM_kgha Julie Pasuquin 2 Kernel swollen, high gel temp (>74C) 2 Droopy More than 1/2 of the leaves injured with no broken leaves 7 PanT_Av_degC IRRI Julie Pasuquin Jeffrey Detras GELC IRRI GelC_Meas_mm IRRI Jeffrey Detras FE1 IronInj_Est_1to9 070 Red 6 Julie Pasuquin FLfT_MM_degC IRRI 9 All plants dead 1 Less than 1% IRRI Jeffrey Detras LmPCol_MatEst_SES1to10 Less than 1% (apical lesions) 1 BS IRRI BS_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras Jeffrey Detras CaryoShp_Est_1to5 IRRI Fertile 75-89% 3 Descending 7 2 Soft 61-80 mm 1-5% 1 060 1 6 080 5 Similar to that of elongating semidwarf e.g. IR11141-6-1-4 5 11-30% height reduction, 3-4leaves ragged/twisted, more vein swelling on leaf collar and some on leafblades and leaf sheaths 7 LfBladAnth_PresEst_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 0 No damage 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal 5 More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting Julie Pasuquin IRRI StSUC_AM_mgg Weak 3 5 Rolling of terminal 1/2 area of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd leaves, yellowing of leaf tips 1-5% 3 5 Sterile (95%-98.9%) No symptom observed 1 Triangular (and very small) 3 Growth and tillering severely retarded, about half of all leaves brown or yellow 5 medium 5 062 2 IRRI StASH_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin HOJA_BLANCA IRRI HojaBlancaSev_VegEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 1 None to few leaves slightly yellow, tillering, height and flowering not affected Soft 81-100 mm 1 UFRA UfraDam_Est_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 6 071 9 Drooping 0 No injury Jeffrey Detras IRRI CaryoShp_Comp_1to9 6 100 Black 1 Extra vigorous, very fast growing, most plants with 5-6 leaves and 2 or more tillers Julie Pasuquin IRRI GLWR_CM_r Short 7 1 1-5% IRRI Jeffrey Detras LmPCol_ImmatEst_1to13 Partially hirsute: hairs covering less than 50% of the ligule 2 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying moderately tolerant 4-5 8 51-75% Long hairs (velvety) 5 1 short Very long >180 9 11-25% 5 No symptom observed 1 000 0 Jeffrey Detras LIGULE_COLOR LigCol_CultEst_0to5 IRRI 51-100% 9 5 Medium 1-10% 1 5 All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both 26-50% 7 Leaves partly folded in deep V-shape 3 012 2 3 Vigorous, fast growing, most plants with 4-5 leaves and 1-2 tillers 1 Very short <5 mm Broad spindle-shaped lesion with yellow, brown, or purple margin 7 IRRI ApCol_MatEst_IRRI1to9 Jeffrey Detras APC Rolling of terminal 1/3 area of 1st leaf 1 few drought symptoms 4 2 020 7 Growth and tillering ceases, most leaves brown or yellow Julie Pasuquin StLIG_AM_mgg IRRI 7 Horizontal IRRI Jeffrey Detras GelTemp_Alkd_1to7 GelTemp 6 black straw 1 Medium 5 Above 40% covered 9 9 Present 060 4 1 Light Green 1 Less than 3% DRS_DRY_0_9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras DhtInj_EstSpkFert_0to9 No infection observed 0 3 Open 9 51-100% 1 Compact 050 2 7 Weak, plants somewhat stunted Enclosed panicle is partly or entirely enclosed within the leaf sheath of the flag leaf blade 1 5 1-25% IRRI CulmINodAnth_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin IRRI SpSter_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin HSpD_CM_SpPan IRRI CMD IRRI CulmDiam_CultAv_1or2 Jeffrey Detras 2 3 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, no height reduction and with numerous small tillers. 1-25% 5 1-5% 3 081 4 9 very strong 010 1 Sterile (95%-98.9%) 5 7 late 2 Jeffrey Detras IRRI CMD CulmDiam_CultAv_mm brown 3 IRRI RTD1 Jeffrey Detras RTungroSev_Est_0to9 1 Less than 5% ANL AwLng_CultMax_0to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 6 7 Late (two or more leaves still green at harvest) IRRI PA_TEXT PanAxText_Est_1or2 Jeffrey Detras 1 Very short <5 mm 31-60% 7 Julie Pasuquin FSpPan_Av_SpPan IRRI 3 61-80% 5 41-60% Jeffrey Detras MALE_STERILITY_GROUP MaleSterGp_Est_1to6 IRRI 2 Intermediate: 25-50% of grains removed 8 082 CulmSP_CM_r Julie Pasuquin IRRI Strong yellowing of leaves and pronounced stunting, more than 50% of plants dead 7 Best elongation response 1 yellowish 2 7 Strong 3 Intermediate 5 000 0 0 No disease observed 2 partially male sterile light purple 7 7 Long Abortion at later stage: pollen grains look like fertile pollen (518A cytoplasm from O. nivara) 9 9 0-10% RGSV2 IRRI RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9 Jeffrey Detras IRRI SaltInj_Est_1to9 SAL Jeffrey Detras pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 75-89% fertile 4 6 0 No injury 6 Dispersed mergingwith collar, low gel temp (<70C) Hairy on lower surface 3 7 Weak, plants somewhat stunted, most plants with 3-4 leaves and no tillers in thin population 6-25% 5 11-20% 5 HOJA_BLANCA IRRI HojaBlancaSev_ReproEst_0to9 Jeffrey Detras Extra long 9 HFSpPct_CM_pct Julie Pasuquin IRRI Julie Pasuquin PDWplt_Av_g IRRI Difficult: few or no grains removed 1 1 Absent 7 Absent 0 1 white 2 040 Leaves yellow, plants moderately stunted, flowering delayed 5 1-5% 3 3 weak 1 010 All plants dead 9 040 Gold 2 IRRI NBLS NBLSDam_Est_0to9 Jeffrey Detras 0 No injury Julie Pasuquin IRRI FLsizeR_CM_r 1 Glabrous (no hairs) 0 000 9 26-100% 6 3 brown Up to 1/3 of leaf area scraped 1 IRRI Jeffrey Detras GallMidgeDam_EstFld_0to9 GALL_MIDGE_DAMAGE brown 3 light red 5 5 Medium 3 Weak Jeffrey Detras Sct_SmellCook_0to2 SCT IRRI pollen 70-79% fertile, spikelets 60-74% fertile 6 Leaves with pronounced yellowing and some stunting or wilting and 10-25% of plants with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted 5 5 6-25% 7 26-50% 1 Small 1-10% 3 26-50% infected panicles 7 Horizontal 5 8 brown furrows 3 Julie Pasuquin IRRI PS_LCPro_umol 9 0-19% Jeffrey Detras FLW_DATE FlwDate_1stFlw_Date IRRI 080 4 8 080 9 Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves very early 1 4-6 Moderately tolerant 6 Red acronym 6 Nuclear type 7 More than half the plants wilting or with hopperburn, remaining plants severely stunted 13-25% 5 IRRI Julie Pasuquin TFlwE_CM_d LEAF_BLADE_PUBESCENCE IRRI Jeffrey Detras LfBladPub_CultEst_SES1to3 More than 25% 9 9 51-100% Leaves healthy 0 Fair 5 3 61-80% Descending 7 2 Heavy 8 purple 80-100% 1 Medium 5 1 010 Jeffrey Detras ShBltInc_Est_0to9 IRRI SHB 5 6-25% 062 9 More than 75% of leaf area affected 9 0 Absent Completely sterile 0% 9 More than 50% infected panicles 9 3 6-10% FLCC_MM_SPAD Julie Pasuquin IRRI 9 26-100% 6 Intermediate to long 121-140 cm Moderately difficult 1-5% 3 4 084 3 2 Truncate 1 Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile) 9 Whole length 5 No symptom observed 1 attribute Very weak 1 Absent 0 entity 5 More than half the leaves with yellow-orange tips, pronounced stunting 0 No injury 6 2 7 Short 5.5mm or less Green 2 2 060 All plants dead 9 Glabrous 1 6 Brown (tawny) 5 9 very late IRRI SPIKELET_STERILITY Jeffrey Detras SpkSter_Comp_1to9 IRRI LmPColOrn_Est_1to5 Jeffrey Detras 5 13-25% StCWC_AM_mgg Julie Pasuquin IRRI AP_Lab_1to9 AP IRRI Jeffrey Detras Julie Pasuquin IRRI FLSla_CM_cm2g Growth and tillering nearly normal, reddish-brown spots or orange discoloration on tips of older leaves 1 7 070 GrT_MM_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 7 26-40% covered Vegetative crown 1 highly tolerant 0-1 Many: 20-25 tillers/plant 3 1 absent 0-49% 9 Broad >2 cm 7 8 Distinctly yellow and narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers. 5 5 Horizontal Julie Pasuquin IRRI CI_LCPro_ppm 0 No injury 9 Partially fertile to fertile (<70% sterile) 1 Absent 7 Maximum tiller angle less than45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers 5 Maximum tiller angle less than 45 degrees for 50% of tillers, but greater than 45 degrees for 1 or 2 tillers 9 61% and above 3 50% of the kernel with chalkiness 3 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 9 More than 1/2 of the injured with some broken leaves 060 2 absent or very weak 1 5 Bold Small roundish to slightly elongated, necrotic gray spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter, with a distinct brown margin. Lesions are mostly found on the lower leaves. 2 2 Jeffrey Detras MAT TMat_Meas_1to9 IRRI 3 1-10% 3 Lesion on a few primary branches or the middle part of panicle axis 1-5% 3 above 70% 1 First and 2nd leaves yellowing 3 9 61-100% More than half the plants dead, remaining plants wilting and severely stunted 7 3 4-7% Jeffrey Detras ColeoAnth_Est_1to5 IRRI 7 Partially sterile (70%-94.9%) 4 More than 30% height reduction, most leaves ragged/twisted, vein swellingcommon on leaf sheaths and leaf blades 9 3 Light Growth and tillering retarded, many leaves discolored 5 PanAxAtt_Est_SES1to4 IRRI Jeffrey Detras PANICLE_AXIS Less than 1% 1 Very strong 9 Intermediate most plants moderately bending 5 5 Medium 5 084 61% and above 9 1 Extra long more than 7.5 mm LfST_CM_mm Julie Pasuquin IRRI 7 Poor Jeffrey Detras LfBladAnth_DistEst_1to4 IRRI IRRI CulmD_CM_mm Julie Pasuquin 5 21-40% 7 20-39% 8 7 Leaf margins touching forming O-shape No disease observed 1 100 Black 8 5 13-25% 1-10% height reduction, no distinct yellow to yellow orange leaf discoloration 3 OutXExt_Comp_1to9 IRRI Jeffrey Detras 0 No damage 0% of the kernel with chalkiness 0 Spreading >60? 7 BBDam_EstFld_1to9 IRRI BB Jeffrey Detras 2 020 1 Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center 7-9 Sensitive Hairs on upper portion 3 1 absent 3 Photoperiod-sensitive genic type (PGMS) Horizontal 5 3 Semi-erect (intermediate) Weak 3 060 4 10 080 0 Absent 5 many 8 Growth completely ceases, mostleaves dry, some plants dying 7 050 2 3 95-99% light red 5 0 000 IRRI Jeffrey Detras CollAnth_Est_1to9 Intermediate 5 2 061 Light green 7 Strong 6-10% 4 3 Good 3 6-12% 3 5-10% infected panicles 2 gold 5 10-19.9% seed set Hairy on upper surface 2 White 1 Weak 3 Intermediate ?45? 3 1 Small brown specks of pin-point size or larger brown specks without sporulating center Semi-erect (intermediate) 3 1 Less than 1% 3 male sterile 16-25% 7 Whorled 1 000 0 11-20% 3 Very slight injury 1 Very long >40 mm 9 9 Very late (all leaves still green at harvest) StemBorer_WhiteHeadEst_0to9 STEM_BORER_DAMAGE IRRI Jeffrey Detras 0 0 Absent (collarless) Rolling of entire length of all leaves, pronounced yellowing 7 9 Less than 11% Absent or very weak 1 2 Fully awned 081 4 3 21-40% Medium 5 reddish brown 4 No damage 0 brown 3 1 Less than 1% 000 0 3 early IRRI Jeffrey Detras LSEN SEN_CO_1_9 LfSen_Est_1to9 8 2 Very short to short 51-70 cm HI_CM_r Julie Pasuquin IRRI PBSev_Comp_Pct Jeffrey Detras PB IRRI 7 Strong IRRI Jeffrey Detras CaryoLng_Av_1to7 4 052 090 13 8 6-10% 3 5 053 40-49 degrees 3 11-30% 3 5 Leaves green or pale green with mottling and 6% to 25% of height reduction, flowering slightly delayed 31-60% 7 No damage 0 Vegetative crown, stolon and weak rhizomes 4 Tip only 1 1 light gold 0 Absent 0 Absent Round 9 Thermo-photoperiod genic type (TPGMS) 4 6 16-25% 6 Reddish to light purple Rice ontology Purple lines 2 0 No injury Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface) 9 8 51-75% 6 weak 3 2 061 Leaves fully cupped in U-shape 5 5 080 1 10% of the kernel with chalkiness 51-100% 9 7 20-39% 7 31-60% 5 41-60% Strong 7 GelTemp_PkTemp_Deg IRRI Jeffrey Detras GelTemp 7 strong Intermediate 2 21-35% 5 3 weak Intermediate ~15 mm 5 3 11-20% 081 3 cleft 2 Slight tip drying 1 red 6 1 Very short <11 cm PedL_Av_cm Julie Pasuquin IRRI Weak 3 6 All plants dead 9 062 6 pollen 90% fertile or above, spikelets 75-89% fertile 3 Long ~30 mm 7 3 Weak 31-45% 5 IRRI FLpDw_Av_g Julie Pasuquin Short hairs 4 Semi-erect intermediate ~20 degrees 3 Difficult less than 1% 1 5 Pale green and slightly narrow leaves, 1-10% height reduction, and with numerous small tillers. 3 Glutinous (waxy, stains reddish purple) 2 pollen 80-89% fertile, spikelets 90% fertile or above 5 Growth and tillering reduced, most leaves whitish and rolled, only a few elongating Some damage/leaf discoloration 3 More than 75% leaf area affected 9 3 030 1 1-10% Few: 5-9 tillers/plant 7 Alternate 2 strong 7 Straw 1 5 medium 11-25% covered 5 4 Small roundish to slightly elongated necrotic sporulating spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter with a distinct brown margin or yellow halo 3 6 Acuminate 061 5 Partly awned 1 tolerant 2-3 3 Kernel swollen with collar incomplete or narrow, high-intermediate gel temp 8 variegated purple 7 gold furrows 2 5 100% of the kernel with chalkiness 5 Strong rhizomes and no tubers Lesion completely around panicle baseor uppermost internode or the panicle axis near the base with less than 30% of filled grains. 9 More than 1/2 of leaf area scraped 3 2 Upper quarter only 020 Straw 1 medium 5 Open ~40 degrees 5 8 5 no drought symptoms 7 Leaves pale yellow or yellow and 26-75% of height reduction, floweringdelayed 5 40-59% 6-25% 5 9 Very weak all plants flat 010 1 Very high (>50%) 9 9 26-100% 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal, healthy few 1 Acute to acuminate 1 0 000 Linear(long and slender) 1 7 31-60% 2 Semi-upright 5 Medium ~25 cm 3 Partly exserted panicle base is slightly beneath the collar of the flag leaf blade 7 6 3 Growth and tillering nearly normal, older leaves reddish-brown, purple, or orange-yellow 1 Less than 1% 084 3 3 4-5% 81-100% 9 Short (~30 cm) 3 Strong 7 0 No damage observed 9 0-19% 9 All plants dead Scabrous 1 5 0-10% height reduction, 1-2 leaves ragged/twisted, few veins swollen on leaf collar 1 020 No lesions observed 0 2 2 or more leaves/hill but less than 1/3 of leaves injured 3 2 7 Typical blast lesions infection 26-50% of the leaf area 063 7 0 None awnless Weak most plants nearly flat 7 CulmTP_CM_r Julie Pasuquin IRRI 6 16-25% 3 080 Purple Vegetative crown and stolon 2 5 Red apex Intermediate (lowland: 110-130 cm, upland: 90-125 cm) 5 0 0% 9 100 7 Abortion at trinucleate stage of pollen (CMS-boro type) Less than 11% 9 7 long 083 12 5 Horizontal 3 Semi-erect (intermediate) Intermediate (~50 cm) 5 Typical blast lesions infection 11-25% of the leaf area 6 052 3 1 Less than 1% Almost all plants dead or dying 9 2 Scented Just exserted panicle base coincides with the collar of the flag 5 2 Absent 0 61-80% 7 51-100% 9 080 6 Tiller angle greater than 45 degrees for 25% of tillers 3 070 5 4 Brown furrows on straw 2 085 75% of the kernel with chalkiness 4 0 No disease observed 3 Easy: >50% of grains removed 9 Easy 51-100% No symptom observed 1 Highly sterile (99%-99.9%) 3 Typical blast lesions infection 51-75% of the leaf area and many leaves are dead 8 26-50% 7 Black 10 Absent 1 5 080 Purple 1 Absent Very weak 1 More than half of the plants wilting or dead. 7 purple spots 4 011 1 9 Tall (lowland: more than 130 cm, upland: more than 125 cm) 5 75-94% Rolling of terminal 1/3-1/2 area of 1st and 2nd leaves 3 011 Whitish 1 9 0-49% 4 Medium 5 0 No damage 040 Gold 2 Sensitive 6-7 Straw 2 7 2-cleft 9 51-100% 8 5 intermediate Less than 1% 1 2 Intermediate 5 6-25% 053 5 9 very strong 100% of performance of tolerant check 1 7 Long 141-155 cm Fringe of hairs 1 1 80-100% Very slight damage 1 Intermediate 1cm - 2cm 5 070 Red 4 7 Loose 26-50% Less than 2 leaves/hill injured 1 7 080 3 20-29.9% seed set 3 1-5% (apical lesions) 5 Intermediate 6-25% Some damage/leaf discoloration 3 11-20% 3 070 Red 4 9 Almost all plants dead or dying Completely dispersed and cleared, low gel temp (<70C) 7 3 Long 6.6 to 7.5 mm 2 Severely stressed 1 Medium 5 1 Completely 100% sterile 1 Thin <5 mm 5 Typical blast lesions infecting 4-10% of the leaf area 1 Growth and tillering nearly normal 3 Long 8 Long to very long 156-180 cm Procumbent (culm or its lower part rests on ground surface) 9 4 Hard 36-40 mm 90-100% 1 Thin <5 mm 1 First and 2nd leaves of most plants partially yellowing 3 3 Weak 3 Short ~8 mm 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying above 50 degrees 1 9 Large 3 Narrow 7 31-60% 3 1-3% 1 Light 0 No injury High (~35%) 7 High 7 061 Light green 5 6 26-50% 7 5 11-15% 3 Semi-erect (semi-compact) 2 Hairy or ciliated All leaves yellow, pronounced stunting or both 5 1 Round Genetically engineered (transgenic type) 5 Erect 1 1 Very slight damage/leaf discoloration No injury or fewer than 10% of plants have injured tillers 0 082 9 1 Very slight damage Medium 5 Absent 0 3 Truncate Less than 1% 2 medium 5 Non-scented 0 1 slight yellowing of a few plants 081 4 Abortion at binucleate stage of pollen (CMS-HL type) 5 1 Less than 1% 1 Very weak 7 More than half of plants dead, remaining plants severely stunted and wilted 9 All plants apparently dead 0 No symptoms Intermediate ~15 mm 5 Absent (collarless) 0 26-50% 7 No damage 0 pollen and spikelets both 90% fertile or above 1 1 More than 80% spikelets fertile 100% of plants survive 1 Highly fertile >90% 1 7 Broad 6 5 40-59% More than 65% 9 Pubescent 3 4 5 Pronounced yellowing and stunting or about 10 to 25% of the plants wilting or dead and remaining plants severely stunted or dying 100 11 Very weak, with stunted growth and yellowingleaves 9 No disease observed 0 070 5 3 Moderately strong most plants bending 089 3 Kernel swollen with collar complete and wide, intermediate gel temp 4 3 Brown spots on straw light purple 7 2 1/3 to 1/2 of leaf area scraped 2 020 Spindle-shaped 4 7 11-40% 4 gold 2 26-50% 7 7 Better than that of non-elongating semidwarf, but not as good as that of elongating semidwarf alkali injury scale PanTyp Panicle type Panicle type, defined by the orientation of primary branches Panicle Type Assess pubescence (hairiness) of the ligules under a hand lens. Ligule pubescence estimation Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area to cortex area Calculation - Specific culm porosity Area PithA Pith area Pith Area of the hollow region of the culm PBDam Panicle blast damage The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Panicle blast Damage Rhizome formation observation Wild species: observe the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers around the base of a potted plant when it is ready for harvest Sterile lemma shape Sterile lemma LemaShp Shape Shape of the sterile lemmas lemma phenol reaction scale ligule margin shape scale gram per plant Leaf margin pubescence Wild species: assess the presence/absence of hairs on the leaf margin View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the diameter of the air space in the culm Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma diameter Leaf angle Estimate the position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base Describes the form of the margin of the ligule Ligule margin Ligule margin shape LigMargShp Shape Vegetative cold injury Observe effects on vigour and leaf colour of plants grown at 17-18 degrees C before flowering cm2 g-1 Estimate the ability of stems to elongate based on comparison with check varieties. Specify water depth under which the data was recorded Stem elongation estimation The type and severity of bacterial blight symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Symptoms: lesions usually start near the leaf tip or leaf margins or both, and extend down the outer edge(s). Young lesions are pale green to grayish green, later turning yellow to gray (dead) with time. In very susceptible varieties, lesions may extend to the entire leaf length into the leaf sheath Bacterial blight Damage Bacterial blight damage BBDam Flag leaf area Area FLA Flag leaf Area of the uppermost leaf on the main culm Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice Ligule shape determination - cultivated GrDiscol Grain discoloration Grain The extent of discoloration of glumes caused by species of Sarocladium, Bipolaris, Alternaria, Gerlachia, Fusarium, Phoma, Curcularia, Trichoconiella, and Pseudomonas. Symptoms: Darkening of glumes of spikelets, brown color to black including rotten glumes. Intensity ranges from sporadic discoloration to discoloration of the whole glume Discoloration by fungal diseases Stem rot incidence estimation Estimate the propotion of tillers that are infected SPAD unit Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damages on seedlings Leaffolder adjusted injury rating In a greenhouse test, adjust the unadjusted injury ratings R for test entries by dividing by R for the susceptible check and multiplying by 100% leaf senescence harvest scale Calculation -Total structural materials Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content from PLS-FTIR analysis Average ligule length Measure the distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule on the penultimate leaf of five plants, and calculate the average Near grain maturity, observe the proportion of panicles that have whiteheads. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 10% of panicles with whiteheads Stem borer whitehead damage assessment False smut False smut Incidence The type and severity of false smut symptoms caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. Symptoms: Infected grains are transformed into yellow-greenish or greenish-black velvety-looking spore balls. FSmut Culm node anthocyanin distribution Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. RhyzForm Rhizome and stolon formation Rhizome/stolon Formation Describes the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers in the mature plant Time of 50% heading estimation Estimate the earliness of the heading in plots, defining time of heading as the date when 50% of plants have panicles halfway emerged amylose content Amylose content AmyCt Milled caryopsis Amylose content of milled rice as a proportion or percentage of the total amount of rice Sensed aroma cooked Cook freshly harvested grains and smell the aroma Assess the type of lesion and the proportion of leaf area affected by leaf blast. Entries with scores 4-9 may also have lesions of scale 1 or 2. In cases where the lesion develops only on the collar, joint of the leaf sheath and the leaf blade, causing the leaf blade to drop off, a scale unit of 4 is to be given. Leaf blast damage estimation Remove leaf sheath and measure narrower width of the second elongated internode from the base and take the average Average - Minor culm diameter Manual measurement - Gas exchange transpiration rate in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure transpiration rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by the stem nematode Ditylenchus angustus. Symptoms: leaf mottling or chlorotic discoloration in a splash pattern at base of young leaves in stem elongation or mid-tillering stage, brown stains may develop on leaves and sheaths which later intensify to a dark brown color, distortion (twisting and withering) of young leaves, distortion of panicles which either remain enclosed within a swollen sheath, or partially emerge but are twisted and with unfilled grains, or emerge completely but with unfilled grains and resembling a whitehead. Ufra Incidence Ufra UfraDam Estimate the proportion of spikelet fertility after exposure to drought Drought estimation spikelet sterility Average - Major culm diameter Remove leaf sheath and measure wider width of second elongated internodes from the base and take the average Panicle length Length PanLng Length of panicle defined as the distance from the base to the tip of the panicle when the main axis of the panicle is held straight Panicle Cultivated species: visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering. Ligule color estimation - cultivated Length of the main culm (stem), defined as the distance from the soil surface to the base of the panicle Length Culm length CulmLng Culm Endosperm Chalkiness of endosperm Clk Describes the extent to which milled (polished, white) rice appears to be a chalky white colour as opposed to translucent white. The chalky appearance arises from the incomplete development of starch grains in the endosperm, which leaves tiny air pockets between starch granules and results in weak grains Chalkiness The extent to which plants recover when soaked with water after exposure to drought. The extent of recovery depends strongly on the severity of drought. Drought recovery Drought Recovery DhtRecov bacterial blight race 2 damage scale field mm Calculation - Head milled rice rate Calculate as the ratio of head rice weight (kernel longer than or equal to 3/4 full length of a kernel) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Lemma below apiculus Anthocyanin content Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the area just below the apiculus of the lemma Anthocyanin below apiculus BApAnth Average leaf length Measure length of the penultimate leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average percent Tillers per plant cm/cm Drought injury DhtInj The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by drought. Leaf rolling precedes leaf drying during drought. Response to drought is highly responsive to crop phenology, plant growth prior to stress, and the timing, duration, and intensity of drought stress. For many soils, it takes at least 2 rainless weeks during the vegetative stage to cause marked differences in response and at least 7 rainless days during the reproductive stage to cause severe drought injury. Repeated ratings are recommended through progress of the drought. Record the stage of plant growth when the stress occurred and the number of stress days. Drought Injury Male sterility group assignment ? No info in SES on how to identify the group Average - Panicle temperature Take representative panicles, measure temperature near panicle surface with an infrared gun and take the average The extent of damage caused by birds. BirdDam Bird Bird damage Damage Incidence Panicle blast incidence The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains Panicle blast PBInc Seeding date observation Record the date of effective seeding Anthocyanin content Collar Collar anthocyanin Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the collars CollAnth grams per square meter Analytical measurement - Total stem extractives content Predict total stem extractives content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra Sheath rot incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that are diseased Intact dehulled grain after milling Proportion of head rice (kernel longer or equal to 3/4 full length of the kernel) obtained from milling the rough rice (grain with hull) Head milled rice rate Proportion HMRR Yellow mottle disease assessment Estimate the type and severity of symptoms thrips damage scale Calculation - Total stem material Take sum of ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content from PLS-FTIR analysis millimeter drought recovery scale Oven dry representative stems at 70degC to constant weight. Weigh and take the average stem weight Average - Stem dry weight mg g-1 dry matter flag leaf angle scale cult early Panicle temperature Panicle surface temperature Temperature Panicle PanT millimeter zinc deficiency injury scale stem rot incidence scale CulmINodUnderCol Colour of internodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings Underlying colour Culm internode Culm internode underlying colour Tillers per hill The arrangement of primary branches on the panicle axis, grouped into whorls or individually on alternate sides Panicle branch Panicle branch arrangement Arrangement PanBrArr Weighing - filled grain weight Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh. Hoja blanca disease The type and severity of hoja blanca disease symptoms caused by rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV) causing hoja blanca. Symptoms: cream colored to yellow spots, elongating and coalescing fo form longitudinal yellowish green to pale green striations. Streaks may coalesce to cover the whole leaf. Brown and sterile glumes with typical parrot beak shape of deformation Hoja blanca Severity HojaBlancaSev stem borer deepwater damage scale Dry aboveground plant parts, excluding panicles. Weigh and take the average weight per plant Average - Straw yield centimeter millimolar trolox equivalent rice whorl maggot damage scale Peak temperature Gradually heat a sample of milled rice using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), which measures the energy expended to raise the temperature of starch crystals as they gelatinize and melt. The temperature at which energy expenditure is maximum (peak temperature) provides a precise measure of gelatinization temperature. The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of zinc in the growing medium ZnDefInj Zinc deficiency Zinc deficiency injury Injury mg g-1 dry matter stem elongation scale mg g-1 dry matter flag leaf angle scale cult late AnCo Anther colour Colour of anther Anther Colour Examine the colour of the apiculus of immature lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references Immature apiculus color examination gram GlOp Opening Glume Glume opening The extent to which the glumes (i.e. the lemma and palea) of a floret open during blooming Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters measured by image analysis Calculation - Culm diameter from image analysis degree Celsius Whitebacked planthopper injury assessment field Observe the damages on plants caused by whitebacked planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Calculation - Straw yield Oven dry straw at 70?C to constant weight and express in a per unit area basis Spikelet Weight per plant GYplt Grain yield per plant Amount of grain (weight) produced per one plant FlwDate flowering date Date of flowering Plant Flowering date Panicle Number per hill PanHill Number of panicles per hill Panicles per hill Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Flag leaf relative size FLsizeR Relative size Size (area) of the flag leaf relative to the size (ie area) of the leaf below it Culm node anthocyanin presence Estimate the presence/absence of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm. Outcrossing calculation Grow the male sterile line in the field, ensuring an abundant supply of pollen from other plants while it is flowering. Calculate the proportion of seed set on the out-pollinated primary panicles Seed germination Germination The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis. Seed SdGerm apiculus color scale mature Correct the oven-dried grain yield to 14% moisture content Calculation -grain yield correction to 14% moisture content Relative height The type and severity of sheath blight symptoms caused by Thanethoporus cucumeris (Rhizoctonia solani). Symptoms: ellipsoidal, necrotic grayish-green lesions, which may enlarge and coalesce with other lesions, initially on lower leaf sheaths Sheath blight Sheath blight ShBltInc Proportion of brown rice (dehulled grains) obtained from rough rice (hulled grain) BRR Proportion Dehulled grain after milling Brown rice rate Average - Major stem diameter Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the wider portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter. Leaffolder unadjusted injury rating In a greenhouse test where NT leaves have been scored using the single leaf injury score, calculate the injury rating R = (N1 + 2xN2 + 3xN3)x100% / (NTx3), where N1-N3 are the number of leaves with score 1-3 First heading date observation Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which first flush of flowering heads appear Measure width at the widest portion of the leaf below the flag leaf on the main culm. Repeat measurement on representative leaf and take the average width. Average - Flag leaf width ShRotInc Sheath rot Sheath rot The type and severity of sheath rot symptoms caused by Soracladium oryzae. Symptoms: oblong or irregular brown to grey lesions on the leaf sheath near panicle, sometimes coalescing to prevent emergence of panicle. Incidence DFlwT Time elapsed from date of transplanting to flowering stage Spikelet Time to flowering from transplanting Time to flowering (from transplanting) Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea before the grain ripens. Immature lemma and palea colour Image analysis - Minor pith diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the narrower portion of the culm pith Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the width of ten caryopses at their widest point at right angles to its length and calculate their average Caryopsis width measurement Damage Stem borer Stem borer damage StemBorer The extent of damage caused by stem borers, which include Chilo suppressalis (striped), C. polychrysus (dark headed), Rupela albinella (South American white), Scirpophaga incertulas (yellow), S innotata (white), Sesamia inferens (pink), Maliarpha separatella (African whiteheads), Diopsis macrophthalma (Stalked-eyed fly), and several other species Place non-dormant grains on moistened filter paper and cover with a petri-dish lid during germination. After the coleoptiles have reached a length of about 5 mm in darkness, place them in artificial light (daylight equivalent) at 750-1250 lux continuously for 3 to 4 days, at a temperature of 25 to 30 degrees Centigrade. Observe colour when the coleoptile is fully with first leaf just emerging (about 6 to 7 days) Coleoptile anthocyanin evaluation Filled spikelet Number per area Number of spikelets with filled grains per unit area FSD Filled spikelet density leaf blade pubescence scale IRRI cult auricle color scale Describes the tendency of plants to lodge /(fall flat/) Lodging Lodging incidence LodInc Incidence leaffolder single leaf injury scale Field evaluation: estimate the proportion of plants that survive submergence after floodwater recedes. Record the duration of submergence Submergence survival assessment Measure and score the length of the caryopsis Caryopsis length SES Stigma StgExers Describes the tendency of stigmas to be exserted on one or both sides of the florets Exsertion Stigma exsertion Udbatta disease UDInc The type and severity of udbatta disease symptoms caused by Balansia oryzae-sativae (Ephelis oryzae). Symptoms: a white mycelial mat ties the panicle branches together so that they emerge as single, small, cylindrical rods. Incidence Udbatta disease Dehull and mill (polish) a sample of grains (paddy). Weigh the whole sample of polished rice, including both whole and broken kernels. Measure the length of 10 randomly selected whole kernels and compute the average. Head rice are all the kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels. Separate and weigh the head rice, and calculate the proportion of head rice out of the total weight of polished rice Head rice proportion Head rice Head rice Proportion HdR Describes how much of a sample of milled rice comprises whole rather than broken kernels. Head rice is defined as kernels longer than 8/10th of the average length of whole kernels Caryopsis length UPOV scale Green leaf Green leaf number Number of green leaves on the main culm GLf Number per plant Length of penultimate leaf blade Leaf LfLng Length Leaf length Estimate the proportion and distribution of leaf area diseased Leaf scald damage estimation Damage BS The type and severity of brown spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Bipolaris oryzae, Drechslera oryzae). Symptoms: typical leaf spots are small, oval or circular and dark brown. Larger lesions usually have the same color on the edges but have a pale, usually grayish center. Most spots have a light yellow halo around the outer edge. Brown spot Brown spot damage Calculate the average of major and minor culm diameters Calculation - Culm diameter culm angle UPOV scale Awn distribution scale Caryopsis shape UPOV Observe the shape of the caryopsis in lateral view Anther colour examination Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the anthers when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Use 3-digit scale codes for common scoring system across all colour traits Polish a sample of rice and evaluate a representative sample visually. Estimate the proportion of the kernel area that appears chalky white, particularly with respect to the belly, the center, and the back. Chalkiness visual assessment Compute the average diameter of the basal portion of the main culm on three representative plants Average culm diameter The extend to which grains elongate during cooking. High elongation is typical of basmati types of rice Elongation Grain elongation GrElong Grain Estimate the extent of leaf rolling on exposure to drought Drought estimation leaf rolling apiculus color SES scale Bacterial blight damage estimation greenhouse Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a greenhouse test Leaf blade pubescence Cultivated species: assess the hairiness of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards Average panicle length - immature Measure the length of main axis of the immature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average panicle type scale UPOV Measure width at the widest portion of the penultimate leaf on the main culm of five representative plants. Calculate average Average leaf width rice delphacid injury scale greenhouse hoja blanca reproductive disease scale Spikelets per panicle StSTR Stem total structural materials content Non-structural material content Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content of stem Stem Calculation - Grain yield from components of yield 1/ oven dry the harvested grains to constant dry weight. 2/ Derive the grain yield from the panicle density, the 1000-grain weight, the number of filled spikelets per panicle or spikelets per panicle and filled spikelet percentage Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RTungroSev_Est_0to9 after 4 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Rice tungro disease estimation - greenhouse grain width UPOV scale g per plot bacterial blight damage scale greenhouse ligule color scale cult Heat injury The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high temperature. The key period of sensitivity is during flowering Heat HeatSens Sensitivity gram StSTA Stem Starch content in the stem Starch content Stem starch content awn length scale cult Grain discoloration incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of glumes that are discoloured gram per plant chalkiness 0-9 scale Calculation - Nonstructural carbohydrate content Take sum of sucrose content and starch content from PLS-FTIR analysis Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 3 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Brown planthopper biotype 3 injury assessment Estimate the proportion of germinated seeds Seed germination 1 Observe the extent to which grains have shattered from the panicle before being threshed Panicle shattering estimation The extent of damage caused by whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. Whitebacked planthopper damage WBPH Damage Whitebacked planthopper Lemma and palea pubescence evaluation Using a hand lens, visually assess and evaluate the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemmas and paleas hoja blanca vegetative disease scale Observe the damage to panicles Panicle blast damage estimation FertRest Fertility restoration This is a compound trait used for F1 hybrids combining the proportion of fertile spikelets at maturity with the proportion of fertile pollen at anthesis Plant Fertility restoration Stomatal resistance Rs Stomata Water vapor resistance Inverse of stomatal conductance sterile lemma color scale wild Grassy stunt 1 disease index Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV1Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Salt injury assessment Observe growth in saline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores. Leaf margin LfMargPub Pubescence Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the leaf margin Leaf margin pubescence spikelet fertility scale SES Calculate the number of days between emergence and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Calculation - Days to flowering from emergence Calculation - Spikelets half-filled weight on area basis Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis cm Immature apiculus anthocyanin examination Examine the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of immature lemmas Measure length of the flag leaf, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average Average flag leaf length culm node anthocyanin presence scale Ufra incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that show visible symptoms of infection Pool representative flag leaves and leaves below the flag leaf and oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average Average - Pooled oven dry weight Mature apiculus color examination Examine the colour of the apiculus of maturing lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references panicle blast incidence scale CO2 Concentration Sub-stomatal cavity carbon dioxide concentration Leaf Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration CI culm diameter scale cult In a field test, grow each line under two conditions: without P fertilizer (low P) and with 25kg P/ha fertilizer (standard P). Estimate the number of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P Phosphorus deficiency tillering field CwallA Culm wall area Area of the culm wall Culm wall Area Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 2 Bacterial blight race 2 damage estimation field Thickness Grain thickness Thickness of grain with hull Spikelet GrThk Calculation - Days to 50% flowering from sowing Calculate the number of days between sowing and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) The extent of damage caused by rats. Symptoms: the tiller is cut at a 45 degrees angle. Damage is typically heavier in the center of a crop (stadium effect). A tiller cut through by a rodent is likely to regrow, if this is after maximum tillering then the regrown tiller is unlikely to produce panicles prior to harvest. Often the regrown, but non productive, tillers are not scored as rodent damage. Rat Rat damage RatDam Damage micromol CO2 m-2 s-1 ufra incidence scale AwPres Awn presence Awn Presence Presence of awns Culm The stiffness of the culm and its resilience to being bent over Culm strength Strength CulmStr millimeter Culm angle CulmAng Angle Angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical Culm Average - Oven dry weight Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average immature apiculus color IRRI scale Measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point Grain width UPOV estimation culm internode underlying colour scale square millimeter mm Minor diameter Stem minor diameter - 2nd internode 2nd elongated stem internode Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath SDMin Take the average stem aerenchyma area and multiply by the stem aerenchyma number Calculation - Total aerenchyma area Take the ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight Calculation - Flag leaf specific leaf area gram Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 2 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Brown planthopper biotype 2 injury assessment Caryopsis width scale Anthocyanin content Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade Leaf blade anthocyanin Leaf blade LfBladAnth square millimeter basal leaf sheath anthocyanin scale % GallMidgeDam Damage The extent of plant damage caused by gall midge (Orseolia oryzae). Symptoms: light-colored tubular galls resembling an onion leaf on the youngest leaf of the shoot in a tiller. Gall midge damage Gall midge Caryopsis length Caryopsis CaryoLng Length The length of the caryopsis, ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling (decorticating) the grain and before milling, commonly known as brown rice Abortion pattern estimation Collect florets and fix in 3:1 Acetic acid:alcohol solution. Squeeze out pollen grains under a drop of acetocarmine stain, observe under a microscope at 10x10 magnification, and estimate the predominant staining behavior and number of nuclei visible A broad classification of the type of endosperm based on the presence or absence of amylose Endosperm Endosperm type Type EndoType Take the ratio of the pooled flag leaf area and the pooled flag leaf oven dry weight Calculation - Specific leaf area of pooled flag leaf Half-filled spikelets Dry weight of a half-filled spikelet, including the hull Weight THfGW Half-filled grain weight Culm node Purplish markings, if any, on nodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin Culm node anthocyanin Anthocyanin content CulmNodAnth The extent of damage caused by rice delphacid (Sogatodes oryzicola (Tagosodes orizicolus)). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting and death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. Damage Rice delphacid RDelphDam Rice delphacid gram Calculation - Grain length to width ratio Take ratio of grain length to grain width Manual measurement - Gas exchange stomatal conductance in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure stomatal conductance with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Proportion of milled and polished (processed) rice obtained from rough rice (grain with hull) Proportion MRR Milled rice rate Dehulled grain after milling and polishing Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice Ligule shape determination - wild millimeter grassy stunt 2 disease scale Culm internode EInt Elongated internode number Number of elongated internodes on the culm Number Sterile lemma color examination wild Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. spikelet sterility scale Spikelets per hill Distance Panicle distance to basal branch Panicle/basal branch PanBasBrDist Distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch Udbatta disease incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected The type and severity of yellow mottle disease symptoms caused by rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV). Symptoms: stunting, reduced tillering, mottling and yellowing streaking of the leaves, delayed flowering or incomplete emergence of the panicles, in extreme cases, death of plants Severity Yellow mottle Yellow mottle disease YellowMottleSev centimeter Case worm damage Damage Caseworm CaseWormDam The extent of plant damage caused by caseworm (Nymphula depunctalis). Symptoms: only the papery upper epidermis of the leaf remains after larvae have fed on the internal leaf tissue Vigor Plant Vigor PlntVg An overall description of the vigour of plant growth, combining several components such as number of tillers, plant height, number of leaves, canopy density flag leaf angle scale wild Collar color Observe the colour of the leaf collar against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references drought grade 1-5 square centimeter Time to flowering (from sowing) DFlwS Time to flowering from sowing Time elapsed from date of sowing to flowering stage Spikelet millimeter Leaffolder damage LfFolderDam The extent of leaf damage caused by leaffolder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis or Marasmia patnalis). Symptoms: Larvae consume the leaf tissue except the epidermis, causing typical white streaks. They create a leaf tube during later stages of feeding Leaffolder Damage Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence Observe the presence and intensity of any purplish colour that can be attributed to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath green leafhopper injury scale field Average - Leaf dry weight Oven dry representative leaves at 70degC to constant weight, weigh and take the average leaf weight Diameter Stem diameter - 2nd internode StemD Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath 2nd elongated stem internode Purple pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the coleoptile Coleoptile Coleoptile anthocyanin ColeoAnth Anthocyanin content Cold tolerance Ability of a plant to grow and develop normally under cold conditions. Key periods of sensitivity are during seedling growth, tillering, and flowering ColdSens Cold Sensitivity Assess the type of lesion Leaf blast damage type Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root diameter based on image Winrhyzo analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length. Image analysis - Root diameter using WinRhizo in SITIS platform square meter per second per mol of water Greenhouse screening: divide the % of plants that survive submergence by the survival of the tolerant control variety e.g. FR13A, and express as a percentage Submergence relative survival assessment Estimate visually the presence or absence of a purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf blade anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade Leaf blade anthocyanin presence Examine the colour of the pericarp against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Pericarp colour examination Tillers per m2 Tillering scale 2nd elongated culm internode Major diameter Culm major diameter - 2nd internode CDMaj Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath pericarp colour UPOV scale sensed aroma uncooked scale Keel anthocyanin immature scale Total number of productive tillers arising from the base of each plant Productive tiller number per plant Number per plant Reproductive tiller TilProd bakanae disease incidence scale Take a milled rice NIR spectrum and predict the amylose content using chemiometrics. Amylose content - NIRS Grain Phenotypic Acceptability Phenotypic Acceptability PhenAcc An overall assessment of phenotypic acceptability of the grains for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets Seedling cold injury Observe the vigor, leaf colour and damage to seedlings grown at 10 degrees C Panicle exsertion estimation Observe the extent to which panicles are exserted above the flag leaf sheath Volume RtV Root volume Total volume of root system Root Average - Total leaf number Count number of fully expanded leaves that appeared on representatiove plants from germination to flowering. Take the average number The type and severity of stem rot symptoms caused by Magnaporthe salvinii (Nakatea sigmoidea, Sclerotium oryzae) and Helminthosporium sigmoideum var. irregulare. Symptoms: dark lesions develop on the stems near the water line. Small, dark bodies (sclerotia) develop, weaken the stem and cause lodging. Stem rot StmRotInc Incidence Stem rot grams per square meter Aerenchyma area Stem aerenchyma Area Area of an air space in a cross-section of the culm AerA Time elapsed from date of transplanting to physiological maturity stage Spikelet DMatT Time to maturity from transplanting Time to maturity (from transplanting) Calculation - Grain filling rate About 2 weeks after flowering, measure grain weight twice at a week interval. Then, compute the grain filling rate by dividing the difference in weight by the time interval. Eg grain weight at 21 days after flowering minus grain weight at 15 days after flowering divided by six days mg g-1 dry matter Caryopsis shape Caryopsis Shape of the caryopsis Shape CaryoShp Keel anthocyanin immature examination Examine the colour of the keel of immature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin false smut incidence scale Wild species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of five representative plants Average culm diameter - wild species The type and severity of ragged stunt symptoms caused by rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV). Symptoms: plants are stunted but remain dark green. Leaves are ragged and twisted. Vein swelling on leaf collar, leaf blades and leaf sheaths Ragged stunt Ragged stunt disease RaggedStuntSev Severity maturity scale UPOV Calculate as the ratio of brown rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls removed) to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Calculation - Brown rice rate gram Length of the uppermost leaf of the main culm Flag leaf Length FlgLfLng Flag leaf length Average panicle length - mature Measure the length of main axis of the mature panicle on the main culm of five representative plants and calculate their average Panicles per plant Average flag leaf width Measure width at the widest portion of the flag leaf on five representative plants. Calculate average If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet have different lengths, measure the average length of the longer sterile lemma of five spikelets Average sterile lemma length - longer CulmP Porosity Culm Culm porosity Ratio of pith area to culm area Stem Total dry weight of stem and sheath per plant SDWplt Stem dry weight Mass grams per square meter Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected Kernel smut incidence estimation spikelet fertility scale RD brown planthopper biotype 2 injury scale Calculation - Days to physiological maturity from sowing Calculate the number of days between sowing and physiological maturity (i.e. when the grain is hard and ready for harvest) Time elapsed from heading date and date of exsertion of last spikelet Time to exsertion from heading Panicle Time to panicle exsertion (from heading) DExs Area Flag leaf-1 area Area of the leaf below the flag leaf Flag leaf-1 FL1A Proportion Chalky dehulled intact grain Proportion of head milled grains with chalkiness PGWC Proportion of grains with chalkiness Yield GY Grain yield Amount of grain (weight) produced per area Spikelet alkali digestion scale bird damage incidence scale Flag leaf chlorophyll content FLCC Chlorophyll content in the uppermost leaf of the main culm Chlorophyll content Flag leaf Calculation - Half-filled spikelet per panicle Calculate from the number of half-filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 Take inverse of stomatal conductance Calculation - Stomatal resistance centimeter Cultivated species: take a random sample of 100 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance 100 grain weight measurement Image analysis - Culm wall thickness View cross-sectioned sample of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the thickness of the wall of the cross-sectioned culm fertility restoration scale % ragged stunt disease scale No scale name found Take flag leaf and measure temperature near leaf surface with an infrared gun Manual measurement - Flag leaf temperature Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Gas exchange leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in SITIS platform day NRGQASC - Grain thickness Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) Awn color examination mature UPOV / IRRI Examine the colour of the awns after harvest against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Pericarp Colour of the pericarp PericCol Colour Pericarp colour Pubescence LigPub Ligule pubescence Presence and distribution of hairs on ligules Ligule ligule shape scale wild Colour of the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath BLSCol Basal leaf sheath color Colour Basal leaf sheath Caryopsis width Width Caryopsis CaryoWdt The width of the caryopsis at its widest point at right angles to its length (ie the seed with seed coat fused to pericarp, which is the structure that remains after dehulling the grain and before milling) Specific area Ratio of flag leaf area to flag leaf dry weight Flag leaf Flag leaf specific area FLSla sterile lemma length scale ligule shape scale cult RD Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of hills per m2 Calculation - Spikelets per hill Count the average number of panicles per plant. Number of panicles per plant count Dry weight Dry weight of flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Pooled dry weight of the flag leaf and the leaf below it FLpDw Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Derive grain weight per plant from number of productive panicles per plant, 1000-grain weight, and number filled spikelets per panicle. Calculation - Grain yield per plant Leaf Transpiration rate Tr Rate of water loss from the leaf Transpiration rate Incidence BakInc In of bakanae disease symptoms caused by Gibberella fujikuroi. Symptoms: the plant elongates abnormally, has few tillers, and usually dies before producing grains Bakanae disease Bakanae disease Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Flag leaf angle estimation cult late Straw Straw yield StDM Straw dry matter weight (ie aboveground dry matter without the grains) per area Yield Weight The weight of a spikelet that is filled with a grain Filled grain weight Filled spikelet FGW Colour AwCol Awn color Awn Colour of the awns, if present Analytical measurement - Protein content Predict protein content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Calculate from the unfilled spikelet density and the panicles density Calculation - Unfilled spikelet per panicle In a field test, observe the proportion of infected tillers. For the field test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, more than 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should be affected with not less than 15% silver shoot Gall midge injury assessment field Flag leaf-1 FL1Sla Ratio of area to dry weight of the leaf below the flag leaf Flag leaf-1 specific leaf area Specific area mm scale_of Calculation - Grain yield from plant density Take yield per plant and multiply with plants density The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by high (toxic) iron content in the growing medium Injury IronInj Iron toxicity Iron toxicity injury Observe the intensity of purple colour from anthocyanin on the nodes on the culm. Culm node anthocyanin intensity Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure photosynthetic rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Manual measurement - Gas exchange photosynthetic rate in SITIS platform Width GrWdt Width of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point Grain width Spikelet Plant Plant height PlntHt Plant height defined as distance from the soil surface to the highest point of the plant (panicle or flag leaf) excluding awns Height Internodes culm angle SES scale Sucrose content in the stem Stem Sucrose content StSUC Stem sucrose content percent Specific area of flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Flag leaf and flag leaf-1 Specific area FLpSla Ratio of pooled flag leaf area to pooled flag leaf dry mass Width of leaf below the flag leaf Flag leaf-1 width Flag leaf-1 FL1W Width Visually determinate the colour of the lemma and palea after harvest. Mature lemma and palea color Damage LfBlastDam The type and severity of leaf blast symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms are necrotic lesions on the leaves, in severe cases leading to leaf death Leaf blast Leaf blast damage cm2 g-1 Proportion of reproductive tillers Proportion FerTil Tiller fertility Fertile tiller day Damage PDef Phosphorus deficiency Phosphorus deficiency damage The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected by a deficiency of phosphorus in the growing medium Seeding date Date of effective seeding, ie the date when seeds were first moistened This may be the date of soaking for pre-soaked seed, or the date of sowing for dry seed sown onto a wet seedbed, or the date when rain or other moisture becomes available to seed sown dry on a dry seedbed SdDate seeding date Plant Flag leaf Flag leaf width FlgLfWdt Width Width of the uppermost leaf of the main culm Panicle exsertion PanExs Panicle Extent to which the panicle is exserted above (i.e. protrudes from), as opposed to being enclosed within, the flag leaf sheath Exsertion Observe growth in alkaline soil in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogenous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain reliable scores. Alkali injury assessment Threshability Panicle threshability Describes the ease with which grains are removed from the panicle during threshing PanThr Panicle leaf blade greenness scale Calculation - Harvest index Take ratio of grain yield to total dry matter per area ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) The type and severity of narrow brown leaf spot symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Sphaerulina oryzina (Cercospora janseana) Damage Narrow brown leaf spot Narrow brown leaf spot damage NBLSDam Time elapsed from date of emergence to flowering stage Spikelet DFlwE Time to flowering from emergence Time to flowering (from emergence) auricle anthocyanin presence scale Collect 5-10 blooming florets of a male sterile line from different plants and measure the average angle of the opening between glumes (viz., lemma and palea) Glume opening angle Calculate the number of days between transplanting and initial flowering dates Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom transplanting 10 days after soaking rain or watering ends a period of drought, estimate the % of plants that recover. Indicate the degree of drought stress before watering Drought recovery estimation Dry mass accumulated per panicle per unit of time Filling rate GFR Spikelet Grain filling rate Cultivated species: measure the diameter of the basal portion of the main culm, taking the average of three representative plants Average culm diameter - cultivated species Total stem materials content Materials content StTWT Stem Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate, protein and extractive content of stem Panicle basal branch PanN Panicle basal branch number Number of primary branches on the basal whorl of the panicle Number Observe the presence or absence of awns on maturing spikelets Awn presence millimeter Panicle Number of panicles per unit area Number PanD Panicle density Image analysis - Minor culm diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the narrower portion of the culm stigma color scale 1 SpPan Spikelets per panicle Number per panicle Spikelet Total number of spikelets per panicle Estimate the tiller angle at the point of kneeing Kneeing ability estimation SES percent % ligule shape scale UPOV Calculate from the number of filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 Calculation - Filled spikelet per panicle ligule shape scale cult SES View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the average area of the air spaces in the culm Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma area Anthocyanin below apiculus examination mature Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Calculation - Stem diameter Take the average of major and minor stem diameters of the second elongated internode from the base Average grain width Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance across the fertile lemma and the palea at the widest point. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains Calculation - Soil moisture tension at wilting point Derive from the soil moisture retention (pF) curve using the soil moisture content at wilting point. lemma and palea pubescence scale UPOV FLfT Flag leaf temperature Flag leaf Temperature Flag leaf surface temperature Monitor developing plants daily, and record the date on which 80% of the flowering heads have appeared Main flowering date observation Visually determinate the colour ornamentation of (i.e. colours present only on parts of) the lemma and palea at maturity Mature lemma and palea ornamentation Measure distance from soil surface to top level of the canopy of representative plants and take the average Average - Canopy height Average - Filled spikelet number per panicle Count the number of filled spikelets per panicle. Repeat the measurement on other representative panicles. Take the average number of filled spikelets per panicle. g per 1000 spikelets awn color scale mature UPOV Grassy stunt 1 disease Grassy stunt 1 RGSV1Sev The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 1 virus (RGSV1). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with small rusty spots Severity StmElong Stem Elongation Stem elongation The ability of the stem to elongate as flood water rises and thus to keep the topmost leaves above water level % Days Sow plants in an enclosed cage or greenhouse with a uniform high population of biotype 1 of brown planthopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings Brown planthopper biotype 1 injury assessment The ability of a stem, after it has fallen flat e.g. after floodwater recedes, to start growing upright from a young node (the knee)) and bear panicles, typically an ability expressed by deepwater varieties (applicable only in conditions where culms have fallen flat) Kneeing ability Stem kneeing ability KneeAb millimeter Stigma color examination Using a hand lens, examine the colour of the stigmata when the florets are open (between 09:00 and 14:00 during anthesis). Compare the colour against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. square centimeter Take the ratio of leaf area to leaf dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf Calculation - Flag leaf -1 specific leaf area Describes the tendency of grains to fall off the panicle before it is threshed Panicle shattering Shattering PanSh Panicle Weight per area HFSpY Spikelet Dry weight of half-filled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis Half-filled spikelet weight per area Panicle exsertion male sterile estimation Observe the percentage of the panicle that is inside the flag leaf sheath Number of air spaces in the culm AerN Number Stem aerenchyma Aerenchyma number Auricle color examination Examine the colour of the auricles against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Scent Scent Sct Describes the aroma of rice grains Caryopsis Number of panicles per plant estimation Estimate the average number of panicles per plant. Cervitec reading Root Root diameter Diameter Diameter of a cross-section of the root RtD culm diameter scale UPOV Leaf dry weight per plant Total dry weight of leaves per plant LDWplt Dry weight per plant Leaf Yellow dwarf disease assessment Estimate the type and severity of symptoms on secondary growth after cutting at the base Spikelets per panicle Grassy stunt 1 disease estimation Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration g per 1000 spikelets LfScald The type and severity of leaf scald symptoms on leaves caused by the fungal pathogen Monographella albescens (Microdochium oryzae). Symptoms: lesions occur mostly near leaf tips, but sometimes start at the margin of the blade and develop into large ellipsoid areas encircled by dark-brown, narrow bands accompanied by a light-brown halo Leaf scald Damage Leaf scald damage Calculation - Pith diameter Calculate the average of major and minor pith diameters of the second internode from the base Estimation - overall drought symptoms Observe plant growth and rate level of drought symptoms Use standard laboratory procedure to measure the protein content of brown rice grains at 14% moisture content Brown rice protein content mature apiculus anthocyanin scale Awn Thickness Thickness of awns AwThk Awn thickness Take subsample of unfilled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain Average - unfilled spikelet weight Brown spot damage estimation Estimate the % leaf area diseased Spikelet The weight of a whole grain including the hull Weight GrnWt Grain weight Average - Minor stem diameter Measure the width of the second elongated internode from the base at the narrower portion of the stem with the leaf sheath. Repeat the measurement on other representative plant. Take the average diameter. drought scale leaf rolling Dry weight of stems and leaves per plant Straw dry matter per plant Weight per plant StDM Straw mature lemma and palea ornamentation scale UPOV A classification of male sterility according to the type or cause of sterility Sterility cause Male pollen MaleSterGp Male sterility group Calculation - Total dry matter Take the total dry weight of straw, rachis, and grain (filled and unfilled) and express on a per unit area Count number of elongated internodes starting from the base of the main culm to the neck node Average - Number of elongated internodes StNSC Stem Non-structural carbohydrate content Stem total nonstructural carbohydrate content Nonstructural carbohydrate content in the stem Secondary panicle branching The abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle Spikelet on secondary branch of panicle Pattern Pan2ndBr RGSV2Sev Severity Grassy stunt 2 disease The type and severity of grassy stunt symptoms caused by the grassy stunt 2 virus (RGSV2). Symptoms: severe stunting, excessive tillering, yellow to orange and narrow leaves with small rusty spots Grassy stunt 2 RBugDam Rice bug damage Damage The extent of plant damage caused by rice bug (Leptocorisa oratorisa). Rice bug Kernel smut Incidence KSmut Kernel smut The type and severity of kernel smut symptoms caused by Tilletia barclayana causing kernel smut. Rice delphacid injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on seedlings Panicles per hill % Leaf blade pubescence estimation wild Wild species: assess the hairiness and the location of hairs on the surface of the penultimate leaf blade both visually and by touch, rubbing fingers over the leaf surface from the tip downwards. leaf blade pubescence scale wild Peduncle Length of the stalk bearing the panicle Length Peduncle length PedL Weight per plant TDMplt Aboveground dry matter Total dry matter per plant Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per plant percent Calculation - Relative flag leaf size Take the ratio of flag leaf area to area of the leaf below the flag leaf Rice delphacid injury assessment field Observe the damages on plants caused by rice delphacid. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage drought scale leaf drying degree Celsius TilHill Number per plant Tiller Tiller number per hill Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per hill The type and severity of bacterial leaf streak symptoms on leaves caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. Symptoms: linear lesions with small bacterial exudates Bacterial leaf streak damage Bacterial leaf streak BLS Damage Sheath blight relative height estimation Estimate the relative lesion height, as the average height above the soil of the uppermost lesion on a leaf blade or leaf sheath expressed as a percentage of the average plant height. 2nd elongated culm internode CDMin Minor diameter Minor diameter (ie the shortest diameter of an eliptical section) of the narrower portion of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath Culm minor diameter - 2nd internode Panicle axis texture assessment Wild species: assess the texture of the main panicle axis by rubbing fingers from the base towards the tip and assess the smoothness Sterile lemma color examination cult Examine the colour of the sterile lemmas of five representive spikelets against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Green leafhopper injury assessment field Observe the damage on the seedlings caused by green leafhopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage Collar anthocyanin presence Observe the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the collars Flag leaf-1 length Flag leaf-1 FL1L Length of leaf below the flag leaf Length Harvest index HI Ratio of grain yield to total aboveground biomass Plant Biomass partionning Gel consistency lab measurement Place 0.1g ground rice in a test tube with thymol blue (0.025% in ethanol, 0.2 ml) and KOH (0.2N, 2 ml). Shake the tube to mix contents, boil (8 min), rest (5 min) and then place in an ice-bath (15 min). Lay cooled tubes flat on graph paper for 1 hour, and then measure the distance that the gel travels . Included standards, as the age of the rice, degree of milling and operator skill affect reproducibility: IR48 (85?90 mm), IR32 (72-75 mm) and IR42 (30-32 mm). mg g-1 dry matter Panicle PDWplt Panicle dry weight per plant Weight per plant Panicle dry weight per plant Time elapsed from date of sowing to initial flowering stage DiFlwS Spikelet Time to initial flowering (from sowing) Time to initial flowering from sowing mature lemma and palea color scale IRRI Stigma exsertion calculation Count the number of florets that have completed anthesis on a given day and the number of those florets that have exserted stigma on one or both sides of the floret. Calculate the proportion of florets with exserted stigma Observe the severity of damage caused by rice whorl maggot Rice whorl maggot damage assessment % collar color scale RD Calculation - Filled spikelet percentage Take the number of filled spikelets and divide by the total number of spikelets per panicle, multiply by 100 Width CwallT Distance between the perimeter of the hollow pith and the epidermis Culm wall thickness Culm wall Secondary panicle branching observation Observe the abundance and distribution of spikelets borne on secondary branches of the panicle, and by referring to a diagram of standards Case worm damage assessment Estimate the % of leaf area that have been scraped by case worms Ragged stunt disease estimation Estimate the type and severity of symptoms basal leaf sheath color scale 1 Take the number of reproductive tillers and divide by the total number of tillers Calculation - Tiller fertility day mature lemma and palea color scale SES Measure the distance from the base of the panicle to the point of insertion of the lowest branch on five representative panicles and calculate their average Average panicle distance to basal branch Keel anthocyanin mature scale Estimate the severity of damage caused by thrips Thrips damage assessment bacterial leaf streak damage scale Alkali injury AlkInj The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in alkaline soils Alkali Injury count Compute the length/width ratio Caryopsis length:width ratio SES Culm internode anthocyanin examination Examine the presence and distribution of purple colour from anthocyanin, on the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm Area Culm area CulmA Cross-sectional area of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath Calculation - Tiller number per unit area Calculate from total number of tillers per hill and the area of the hills sampled Protein content in the stem Stem StPRO Stem protein content Protein content Calculation - Stay-green Take the ratio of number of green leaves at maturity to the number of green leaves at flowering awn presence scale UPOV Phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse In a greenhouse test, grow each line in culture solution under two conditions: 0.5ppm P (low P) and 10ppm P (standard P). Estimate the propoprtion of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P kg per ha Chromosome ChrNo The number of chromosomes in the nucleus Number Chromosome number Caryopsis length SES scale Root surface area Total surface area of root system RtA Surface area Root Average - Grain yield per plant Measure weight of filled grains from primary and secondary panicles harvested on one plant. Repeat measurement on representative plants. Take the average Examine the shape (pointed, curved) of the apiculus Apiculus shape examination Calculate from the half-filled grain weight and number of half-filled grains on an area basis Calculation - Half-filled spikelets per square meter Calculation - Days to maturity Take the number of days to flowering and add 30 days TilD Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers per unit area Number per area Tiller Tiller density culm node anthocyanin scale submergence survival scale Step 1 (pollen fertility: see pollen sterility score): Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the percentage that are fertile, and score. Step 2 (spikelet fertility): count the number of filled grains andtotal spikelets per panicle and convert into percentage fertile. Score the combination of pollen fertility with spikelet fertility Fertility restoration evaluation green leafhopper injury scale greenhouse 10 grain weight measurement Wild species: take a random sample of 10 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content, and weigh on a precision balance gall midge injury scale field Temperature at which the starch in endosperm gelatinizes, one of the key indicators of cooking quality GelTemp Gelatinization temperature Gelatinization temperature Milled caryopsis Panicle blast incidence Count only the number of panicles with lesions covering completely around the node, neck or lower part of the panicle axis (symptom type 7-9), and estimate their percentage awn presence scale wild Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root volume based on image analysis Image analysis - Root volume using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Panicle axis texture scale Flag leaf angle estimation wild Wild species: 7 days after anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Collect pollen from at least ten florets at anthesis, fix in 70% alcohol. Place 2-3 anthers from each of five florets on a glass slide, and squeeze the pollen out in a drop of 1% iodine potassium iodide (I2-KI) solution with a spear-shaped needle. Fertile pollen grains will be round and well stained, sterile pollen grains will be unstained or partially stained, and withered or round. Using a microscope at magnification 10x10, count fertile and sterile grains in at least three microscopic fields, calculate the proportion that are sterile Pollen sterility calculation StLIG Total lignin content in the stem Lignin content Stem Stem total lignin content Average awn thickness Measure the average thickness of 10 representative spikelets, 1 cm from the apiculus of the spikelet. g Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice Ligule margin shape determination Ligule color estimation Visually estimate the colour of ligules at late vegetative stage before flowering % Estimate the % spikelet fertility of plants exposed to high temperature during ... ? Flowering? Ripening? Flowering heat injury Count all tillers arising from representative plants and compute the average Average - Tiller number per plant Use standard laboratory procedure (XRF- Fluorescence Analyzer) to determine the zinc content in a sample of polished grain. The recommended sample size is 10g. Zinc content - XRF fluorescence analyser gram per plant rice tungro disease scale Half-filled spikelet Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are half-filled Proportion Half-filled spikelets proportion HFSpPct Estimate the stunting and discoloration Rice tungro disease estimation The extent to which plant growth is adversely affected in soils or other growth medium with high salt content Salt injury SaltInj Injury Salt awn color scale anthesis UPOV panicle shattering scale Spikelet fertility score Press spikelets between fingers to check which have filled grains inside. Test five representative panicles to estimate the percentage of spikelets that are filled score Aerenchyma rhizome formation scale 1 Sterile lemma Colour Colour of the sterile lemmas StrLmCol Sterile lemma color kg per kg Image analysis - Stem aerenchyma number View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to count the number of air spaces in the culm seedling vigor scale Oxygen radical absorbance capacity Leaf ORAC Antioxidant activity of leaf extracts Antioxydant activity phenotypic acceptability scale millimeter Apiculus color ApCol Color of the apiculus of the lemma Colour Apiculus of lemma Calculate the number of days between the heading date and the date of exsertion of the last spikelet Calculation - Days to panicle exsertion Leaf sheath thickness Thickness of the leaf sheath surrounding the stem Thickness Leaf sheath LfST Stigma color Stigma Color of stigma Colour StgmCol Damage GLhDam The extent of damage caused by green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix cincticeps). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. Green leafhopper damage Green leafhopper Count the number of unfilled spikelets per panicle of representative panicles and then take the average Averaged Manual measurement - Unfilled spikelet number per panicle Image analysis - Root length using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root length based on WinRHIZO image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method to calculate total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size. Awn color examination immature Examine the colour of the awns after anthesis against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Use calliper, photo-enlarger or scale images to measure the length of ten caryopses and calculate the average Caryopsis length measurement brown planthopper biotype 1 injury scale Count the number of panicles per hill for several hills. Take the average. Average - Panicles per hill Collar color Collar Colour CollCol Colour of the leaf collar Apiculus of lemma Shape Shape of the apiculus of the lemma ApSh Apiculus shape Calculation - Milled rice rate Calculate as the ratio of milled rice weight to rough rice weight (unprocessed rice with hulls intact) multiplied by 100 Leaf angle LfAng Position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base Leaf Angle Ratio of aerenchyma area to culm area Partial porosity CulmPP Culm partial porosity Culm % leaf area affected mature lemma and palea color scale UPOV Calculation - Half-filled spikelet percentage Take the number of half-filled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100 degrees C yellow mottle disease scale Manual measurement - Leaf surface temperature in SITIS platform Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure leaf temperature with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC) Score RaggedStuntSev_Est_0to9 5 weeks after inoculation in the greenhouse, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored . Ragged stunt disease index percent immature apiculus color UPOV scale Polish a sample of rice and quantify chalkiness automatically using a duly calibrated Cervitec instrument Chalkiness Cervitec assessment Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) NRGQASC - Grain length kernel smut incidence scale Lemma Lemma phenol reaction Phenol reaction PhenReac Describes the change in colour of lemmas in response phenol Bacterial leaf streak damage estimation Estimate the type and severity of damage to leaves Calculation - Days to flowering from transplanting Calculate the number of days between transplanting and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage) Half-filled spikelet densty HSpD Half-filled spikelet Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per unit area Number panicle exsertion scale gel consistency scale culm internode anthocyanin presence scale Image analysis - Major pith diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width at the wider portion of the culm pith CulmTP Culm total porosity Total porosity Ratio of aerenchyma and pith area to culm area Culm grain discoloration incidence scale leaf blade anthocyanin distribution scale bacterial blight race 1 damage scale field Image analysis - Major culm diameter View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the wider portion of the culm No scale name found Leaf blast damage amount Estimate the percentage of leaf area affected by leaf blast Observe growth in soil with toxic concentrations of iron Iron injury assessment Culm internode Purplish markings, if any, on internodes on the culm/stem attributable to anthocyanin Anthocyanin content CulmINodAnth Culm internode anthocyanin culm internode anthocyanin scale Length of sterile lemmas Sterile lemma length Length StrLmLng Sterile lemma Leaf senescence harvest estimation Estimate by observing all leaves below the flag leaf for their retention of greenness when the grains are ready for harvesting Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis Calculation - Unfilled spikelets per square meter Average - Tiller number per hill Count all tillers of representative hills and take the average per hill cm Time to maturity from sowing DMatS Spikelet Time to maturity (from sowing) Time elapsed from date of sowing to physiological maturity stage number of tillers Colour ornamentation of the lemma and palea. It characterizes the colours present only on parts of the lemma and palea Colour ornementation Lemma and palea color ornementation LmPColOrn Lemma and palea phosphorus deficiency tillering greenhouse scale No scale name found SpkSter Proportion Spikelet sterility Sterile spikelet Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain unfilled grains Average - Length of second internode Measure the distance between the second and third nodes, counting from the base of the main culm. Repeat measurement on other representative plant. Take the average Panicle type assessment Estimate the orientation of primary branches on representative panicles by comparing them with a diagram of the categories or with photographs of the reference variety for each category awn color scale mature IRRI abortion pattern scale The proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains Spikelet fertility SpkFer Fertility Spikelet Partial porosity ratio grassy stunt 1 disease scale Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of the lemma ApAnth Apiculus anthocyanin Anthocyanin content Apiculus of lemma YellowDwarfSev Severity Yellow dwarf The type and severity of yellow dwarf symptoms caused by a mycoplasma. Symptoms: pale yellow, droopy leaves, excessive tillering and stunting Yellow dwarf mg g-1 dry matter day SubTol The ability of plants to survive a period of submergence Tolerance Submergence tolerance Submergence Number per plant Tiller Tiller number per plant TillNo Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers arising from the base of each plant Assess the vigor of plants in early vegetative stage Vegetative vigor Zinc deficiency injury assessment Observe growth in a growing medium with a deficiency of zinc Observe the distribution of awned spikelets along a panicle Awn distribution observation grams per day Estimate the proportion of plants with panicles showing symptoms Hoja blanca reproductive disease estimation Shape LigShp Ligule Shape of the ligule Ligule shape Grow plants in a greenhouse. Inoculate seedlings. Score RGSV2Sev_Est_1to9 after 5 weeks, and calculate Disease Index DI= (20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/NT, where N3-N9 are the number of plants with score 3-9 and NT is total number of plants scored Grassy stunt 2 disease index panicle threshability scale RD Calculate as the ratio of soil oven-dried weight to soil fresh weight at wilting point. Calculation - Soil moisture content at wilting point Senescence LfSen Leaf Describes how soon leaves senesce Leaf senescence g per 1000 spikelets leaf angle scale protein content Brown rice protein content BRiceProtCt The concentration of protein in brown (dehulled) rice Dehulled grain Water vapor conductance Gs Rate of passage of water vapor through the leaf Stomata Stomatal conductance day Seedling vigor Assess the vigor of seedlings Count the total number of grain-bearing and non-bearing tillers on five plants and calculate the average Culm number measurement per plant ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) PithD Pith diameter Diameter of the hollow portion of the culm Pith Diameter Green leaf Stay-green Proportion of leaves that stayed green until the maturity stage Proportion SGr sterile lemma color scale cult iron injury scale flowering heat injury scale Measure distance between the panicle neck node of the main culm and the panicle base, i.e. uppermost culm node. Repeat measurement on other representative plants and take the average. Average - Peduncle length Caryopsis shape scale UPOV Pith PDMin Diameter Pith minor diameter Diameter of the narrower portion of pith rice delphacid injury scale field Calculation - Culm porosity Calculate the ratio of pith area to culm area sheath rot incidence scale immature apiculus anthocyanin scale sheath blight relative height scale Manual measurement - Panicle exsertion Measure distance between the base of the flag leaf and the panicle neck node, there is positive exertion if the panicle base is above the flag leaf base and a negative exsertion if otherwise. Weigh a random sample of 1000 well-developed, whole grains dried to 14% moisture content 1000 grain (14%MC)weight measurement millimeter gram percent ligule pubescence scale 1 cm2 g-1 seedling cold injury scale anthocyanin below apiculus scale immature Average - Productive tiller number per plant Count all productive tillers in representative plants and take the average gall midge injury scale greenhouse percent pollen sterility scale millimeter Ratio of grain length to grain width GLWR Grain length to width ratio Length to width ratio Grain mm stigma exsertion scale stem borer deadheart damage scale case worm damage scale Calculation - Spikelets unfilled weight on area basis Calculate from the unfilled grain weight and number of unfilled grains on an area basis PBSev Panicle blast Panicle blast severity Severity The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains square millimeter centimeter millimeter flowering cold injury scale Panicle axis Panicle axis texture Texture PanAxText Texture of the main axis of the panicle Dry weight Dry weight of the uppermost leaf on the main culm Flag leaf dry weight Flag leaf FLDw Place hulls from 10 grains into a petri dish of 5 cm diameter, add 5 ml of 1.5% phenol solution, cover the petri dish, and keep at room temperature for 1 day. Observe the intensity of the reaction of the phnol on the lemmas Lemma phenol reaction Yellow stem borer deadheart damage assessment At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart caused by Scirpophaga incertulas. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart coleoptile anthocyanin scale ppm PanNo Number of panicles per plant Number per plant Panicle number per plant Panicle mg g-1 dry matter Lemma and palea pubescence LmPPub Lemma and palea Pubescence Describes the presence, distribution and type of hairs on the lemma and palea leaf blast damage type scale Estimate the presence/absence of purplish pigmentation attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles Auricle anthocyanin presence yellow stem borer deadheart damage scale Observe the proportion of injured grains per panicle caused by rice bug Rice bug damage assessment leaf scald damage scale anther colour scale Code leaf blast damage scale Calculate as the percentage of head milled grains with chalkiness. The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing). Calculation - Percentage of grain with chalkiness panicle threshability scale SES USpPan Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per panicle Unfilled spikelets per panicle Number Unfilled spikelet immature lemma and palea colour scale Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for cultivated rice Ligule shape determination Ligule Colour Color of the ligule LigCol Ligule color Plant height measurement Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of the plant udbatta disease incidence scale leaf angle scale salt injury scale Rice whorl maggot The extent of plant damage caused by rice whorl maggot (Hydrellia philippina). Symptoms: maggots eat the leaf margins causing conspicuous injury and sometimes stunting of plants RWhorlMaggDam Rice whorl maggot damage Damage No scale name found Endosperm type assessment Stain polished (milled, white) rice grains with a weak KI-I solution, prepared by mixing 0.1% I2 solution with 0.2% KI solution, and observe the colour of the stained endosperm Anthocyanin content Basal leaf sheath BLSAnth Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the outer surface of the basal leaf sheath Basal leaf sheath anthocyanin kneeing ability scale SES Root length Root RtL Total root length Length Cultivated species: measure the length of the longest awn Longest awn length mm Brown planthopper injury assessment field Observe the damage on the plants caused by brown planthopper. For a field test, use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the hopper population is uniformly distributed at a high level across the screening box, as indicated by hopper counts on the susceptible check. A minimum of the following hopper density on susceptible check is necessary: a. 10 hoppers/hill at 10-15 days after transplanting, b. 25 hoppers / hiII at maximum tillering, c. 100 hoppers/hill at early booting stage cubic centimeter Spikelets per hill SpHill Number per hill Total number of spikelets per hill Spikelet mm/mm Average sterile lemma length - shorter Measure the average length of the sterile lemmas of five spikelets. If the two sterile lemmas on each spikelet differ in length, measure only the shorter one. Calculate the number of days between sowing and initial flowering dates Calculation - Days to initial flowering fom sowing 1000 grain weight scale percent count Specific porosity ratio Culm node Culm node underlying colour Colour of nodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings Underlying colour CulmNodUndCol Calculate as the product of percentage of grain with chalkiness and chalkiness size (area of chalkiness divided by the area of the whole grain). The grain chalkiness characteristics were measured using a JMWT12 Rice Appearance Quality Detector (Dong Fu Jiu Heng, Beijing). Calculation - Degree of endosperm chalkiness Stem cell wall carbohydrate content Stem Wall carbohydrate content Cell wall carbohydrate content in the stem StCWC Unfilled spikelets density Number of spikelets that are not filled with a grain per unit area USpD Number per area Unfilled spikelet Estimate the penultimate leaf blade for distribution of any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin anywhere on the the leaf lamina/blade. Leaf blade anthocyanin distribution cm Culm diameter - 1st internode 1st elongated culm internode Diameter of basal portion (ie 1st elongated internode) of the main culm CulmDiam Diameter Predict cell wall carbohydrate composition using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Cell wall carbohydrate composition Gall midge injury assessment greenhouse In a greenhouse test, observe the proportion of plants with silver shoots. For the greenhouse test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should show silver shoots Endosperm type scale Number per area Spikelets density Total number of spikelets per unit area SpD Spikelet Spikelets per panicle Colour Color of the auricle Auricle AurCol Auricle color secondary panicle branching scale Calculate the ratio of the difference between the major and minor culm diameters to the average culm diameter of the second internode from the base as measured via image analysis Calculation - Degree of culm deformation Severity Rice tungro disease The type and severity of tungro symptoms caused by the Rice tungro virus bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). Symptoms: yellow to yellow orange leaves, stunting and slightly reduced tillering Rice tungro RTungroSev Calculation - Flag leaf area Calculate as length times the width of the uppermost leaf on the main culm, multiplied by a constant (0.725) Green leaves per plant Take the total dry weight of stems, leaves and panicles per plant Calculation - Total dry matter per plant narrow brown leaf spot scale stem borer whitehead damage scale length to width ratio cm culm node anthocyanin intensity scale % Bakanae disease incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of tillers that are infected AnLt Anther length Length Anther length Anther centimeter Diameter of the second elongated internode from the base without the leaf sheath Culm diameter - 2nd internode 2nd elongated culm internode Diameter CulmD SDMaj Major diameter Major diameter (ie the longest diameter of an eliptical section) of the wider portion of the second elongated internode from the base with the leaf sheath 2nd elongated stem internode Stem major diameter - 2nd internode Take yield expressed on an area basis and multiply with plot size Calculation - Grain yield per plot Brown planthopper injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of brown planthoppers and observe the damage on the seedlings centimeter ISO Date (yyyy-mm-dd) chalkiness 0-5 scale Anthocyanin below apiculus examination immature Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of immature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Estimate presence/absence of knees after flowering in conditions where culms have fallen flat due to receding water flow. Kneeing ability presence rice bug damage scale Count the number of primary panicle branches attached to the basal whorl of representative panicles, and calculate the average Average panicle basal branch number Keel Anthocyanin content Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the keel of the lemma KeelAnth Keel anthocyanin yellow dwarf disease scale Lodging incidence % Indicate % of plants that lodged Average - Oven dry weight Oven dry representative flag leaf -1 at 70degC to constant weight and weigh. Take the average weight If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the nodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm node underlying colour examination Pollen sterility The degree of male (pollen) sterility MaleSter Sterility Male pollen awn color scale immature IRRI Green leafhopper injury assessment greenhouse Sow plants in a greenhouse with a uniform high population of green leafhopper, and observe the damage on the seedlings percent Width LfWdt Width of penultimate leaf blade Leaf width Leaf Scoring X panicles using the panicle blast damage score, compute panicle blast severity PBS= (10xN1 + 20xN3 + 40xN5 + 70xN7 + 100xN9)/X, where N1-N9 are the number of panicles with score 1-9 Panicle blast severity grams per square meter No of chromosomes panicle length UPOV scale kneeing ability presence scale Spikelet Time elapsed from date of transplanting to initial flowering stage DiFlwT Time to initial flowering (from transplanting) Time to intitial flowering from transplanting Code Manual measurement - SPAD meter reading Take flag leaf of randomly selected plants and do multiple SPAD readings from tip to base of the leaf. leaf blade pubescence scale UPOV AwDist Awn Distribution The proportion and distribution of awned spikelets on a panicle Awn distribution culm node underlying colour scale Basal leaf sheath color examination 1 Examine the colour of the outside of the basal leaf sheath against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. Culm Deformation Flatness of the culm CDef Culm degree of deformation cm cm millimeter cm The attitude of the main axis of the panicle, which ranges from straight upright to droopy Attitude Panicle axis Panicle axis attitude PanAxAtt Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground at intervals from harvest to maturity Culm strength estimation - SES Bacterial blight race 1 damage estimation field Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test where the pathogen is known to be race 1 Cultivated species: at anthesis, estimate the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis, near to the collar of the leaf. Record the average of five flag leaves Flag leaf angle estimation cult early Length of the second internode from the base Int2L Second internode length 2nd elongated culm internode Length apiculus shape scale number of panicles per plant scale Calculate from the filled grain weight and number of filled grains on an area basis Calculation - Filled spikelet per square meter collar anthocyanin presence scale panicle blast damage scale day Spikelet Weight per area Dry weight of unfilled spikelets, including the hull, on an area basis UFSpY Unfilled spikelets weight per area mm At maximum tillering, observe the proportion of tillers that have stems with deadheart. Use an augmented experimental design with a susceptible check replicated at intervals across the whole trial. Dissect stems from 10 hills of susceptible checks at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and late ripening, in order to identify the SB species. The test is considered a valid test for resistance if the susceptible check has more than 20% of tillers with deadheart Stem borer deadheart damage assessment Length of ligule, defined as distance from the base of the collar to the tip of the ligule LigLng Ligule Length Ligule length Lodging incidence scale vegetative cold injury scale mm FSpProp Spikelet Proportion Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that contain filled grains Filled spikelet proportion awn color scale immature SES Drought estimation leaf drying Estimate the extent to which leaves dry on exposure to drought Culm strength scale RD leaffolder injury scale greenhouse Oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and weigh the panicles of representative plants and take the average Average - Panicle dry weight per plant degree Celsius Diameter of the wider portion of pith Pith Pith major diameter PDMaj Diameter Calculation - Total culm porosity Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area and pith area to the culm area day Grain length GrLng Length of whole grain including the hull, defined as the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea Length Spikelet FSpPan Filled spikelets per panicle Number per panicle Number of spikelets with a filled grain per panicle Filled spikelet mg g-1 dry matter Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground Culm strength estimation - RD Manual measurement - ORAC assay Take leaf sap from youngest fully expanded leaves, trolox equivalent of samples obtained by regression equation with trolox standard basal leaf sheath anthocyanin presence scale cm2 cm-2 Yield measurement Harvest grain from at least 5 m2/plot, discarding at least three border rows. Thresh, dry the rough (paddy) rice to 14% moisture content, and weigh. Calculation - Unfilled spikelet percentage Take the number of unfilled spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and divide by the total number of spikelets (per square meter or per panicle) and multiply by 100 Spikelets per panicle Wild species: using a calliper or photo-enlarger, measure the average of 10 representative grains Average grain thickness No scale name found longer sterile lemma length scale Estimate the proportion of panicles that are damaged by birds Bird damage incidence estimation millimeter The angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis Flag leaf angle Flag leaf Angle FlgLfAng Monitor daily , note the date when 80-85% of grains on panicles are mature, and count the number of days lapsed since the date of effective seeding Maturity days after seeding Days to 80% flowering count Calculate as the difference between the main heading date and the date of effective seeding Panicle threshability estimation SES Grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action Height SeedlHt Seedling Seedling height Height of seedlings, measured from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade culm diameter scale wild anthocyanin below apiculus scale mature Hoja blanca vegetative disease estimation Estimate the proportion of young plants with leaves showing symptoms Colour Lemma and palea color LmPCol Lemma and palea Colour of the lemma and palea Anther length measurement Measure five anthers exposed at anthesis and calculate their average Calculate the average length of the awns on 10 randomly selected spikelets Average awn length Temperature Leaf surface temperature Leaf temperature LfT Leaf panicle axis scale UPOV outcrossing scale square millimeter Awn length Awn Length of awns Length AwLng Leaf blade pubescence Leaf blade LfBladPub Describes the pubescence, i.e. the hairiness, of the surface of the penultimate leaf blade Pubescence ligule color scale wild Calculate from total number of panicles per hill and the area of the hills sampled Calculation - Number of panicles per square meter brown planthopper biotype 3 injury scale culm length scale Measure the height of 10 seedlings from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade, and calculate the average Average seedling height Image analysis - Culm area View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the cross-sectioned culm Leaves per plant Total number of reproductive and non-reproductive tillers after full heading Culm CulmNo Culm number Number leaf blade anthocyanin presence scale parts per million Wild species: estimate visually the colour of ligules at anthesis. Ligule color estimation - wild Carbon dioxide assimilation rate of the leaf Photosynthetic rate PS Leaf Photosynthetic rate Phenotypic acceptability estimation Before starting to score phenotypic acceptability, define what is excellent, good ... unacceptable grain for the target breeding objectives, locations and markets, and then score the phenotypic acceptability of mature grain cm square centimeter lemma and palea pubescence scale IRRI Leaf blade greenness Visually estimate the penultimate leaf blade for the intensity of greenness. For deepwater rice, make dissections of 20 or more tillers per plot or row after heading, count the numbers of infested tillers and estimate the proportion of infested tillers Stem borer deepwater damage assessment Damage Brown planthopper The extent of damage caused by brown planthopper (Nilparvata lugens). Symptoms: Partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy Brown planthopper damage BPHDam SMTwp Water extraction capacity Plant Water extraction capacity Capcaity of the plant to extract water from the soil awn length scale wild mm Measure distance from soil surface to base of panicle on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average Average culm length grams per square meter leaf margin pubescence scale Lodging incidence estimation Observe the proportion of plants that are lodged at harvest Distance from soil surface to top of canopy Canopy height CanH Height Canopy Panicle axis observation Observe the attitude of the main axis of the panicle AerD Stem aerenchyma Diameter Width of air spaces in the culm Aerenchyma diameter Use calliper, photo-enlarger or high-resolution (true 2400dpi) images to measure the distance from the base of the lowermost sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the fertile lemma or palea. In the case of awned varieties, measure to a point comparable to the tip of the apiculus, i.e. excluding the awn. Calculate the mean of 10 representative grains Average grain length Sensed aroma uncooked Vapourise the main component of aroma in rice (2AP: 2-acetyl-1pyrroline)) by adding 10 ml of a 1.7% solution of KOH to 2 g of freshly harvested decorticated grains. Smell the aroma after ten minutes centimeter Dry matter yield Aboveground dry matter Dry weight of all aboveground biomass per area TDM Yield leaf length scale g per 100 spikelets kilogram per hectare brown planthopper injury scale field Examine the apiculus of mature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Mature apiculus anthocyanin examination Sterile lemma shape scale Count number of green leaves on the main culm of representative plants. Take the average number Average - Green leaf number gram Panicles per m2 Estimate by eye the average angle of inclination of the base of the main culm from vertical Culm angle estimation GelC Gel consistency Gel Consistency Describes the consistency of a rice gel formed by grinding, chemically treating, boiling, and cooling a sample of grains. This measures the tendency of cooked rice to harden on cooling, a function of carbohydrate composition mol H2O m-2 s-1 Average - half-filled spikelet weight Take subsample of half-filled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain Measure the height from the soil surface to hightest point of represenrtative plants and calculate the average Plant height average LfBladGreen Leaf blade Intensity of greenness on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade, if visible under any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin Greeness Leaf blade greenness brown planthopper injury scale greenhouse percent Estimate the proportion of spikelets that are infected False smut incidence estimation mm TUfGW Weight Unfilled grain weight Unfilled spikelets Dry weight of an unfilled spikelet, including the hull Spikelet sterility calculation Bag two primary panicles of at least 50 plants with glassine bags before their anthesis begins to prevent cross pollination. At maturity, count the filled (fertile) and unfilled (sterile) spikelets of the bagged panicles, calculate the proportion that are sterile Calculate as the sum of filled, half-filled and unfilled spikelets per area Calculation - Spikelets per square meter Rat damage incidence estimation Estimate the proportion of plants that are damaged by rats Calculate culm area minus the pith area Calculation - Culm wall area millimeter Alkali digestion estimation An indirect indicator of approximate gelatinization temperature. Incubate six milled rice grains (kernels) for 23h in 10ml of 1.7% KOH. Score individual kernels, without averaging cm ThripDam Thrip damage The extent of damage caused by thrips (Stenchaetothrips biformis) Damage Thrip degrees mm Ash content Stem ash content StASH Stem Ash content in the stem mmol H2O m-2 s-1 Cultivated species: grasp a panicle with a hand, apply a slight rolling pressure with the palm and fingers, and assess the percentage of grains that are removed by the action Panicle threshability estimation RD Proportion Unfilled spikelet Unfilled spikelets proportion UFSpPct Proportion of spikelets on a harvested panicle that are unfilled Grain length score Bacterial blight damage estimation field Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a field test Porosity ratio Time elapsed from effective seeding date to grain ripening defined as when 80-85% of grains on panicle are mature (growth stage 9) TMat Time to maturity Maturity Plant Manually measured according to the National Rice Grain Quality Assessment Standard of China (GB/T17891-1999) NRGQASC - Grain width millimeter millimeter % Observe whether primary branches on the panicle axis are grouped into whorls or are borne individually on alternate sides Panicle branch arrangement assessment mm sensed aroma cooked scale whitebacked planthopper injury scale greenhouse Observe effects on spikelet fertility, heading and growth of plants grown at 17-18 degrees during flowering Flowering cold injury Branches per panicle bacterial blight damage scale field Caryopsis length/width ratio scale SES In a greenhouse test, observe the early injury from leaffolder to each leaf on young plants Leaffolder single leaf injury assessment glume opening scale Anthocyanin content AurShp Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the auricles Auricle Auricle anthocyanin seedling height scale Describes the stage at which pollen grains abort in male sterile lines. Abortion pattern Abortion pattern AP Pollen Culm internode underlying colour examination If visible under any anthocyanin colouration, examine the underlying colour of the outer surface of the internodes on the culm. Compare against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references. square millimeter Days Examine pollen grains under a microscrope and estimate the proportion that are sterile Male sterility estimation Average - Panicles per plant Count the number of panicles on representative plants and compute the average millimeter Predict starch content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Starch content Spikelets per panicle Examine the colour of the keel of mature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin Keel anthocyanin mature examination Spikelets per panicle % Culm strength scale SES Calculate ratio of total aerenchyma area to culm area Calculation - Partial culm porosity Zinc content in polished grain Milled polished grain Zinc content in grain Zinc content Describes the extent of outcrossing of male sterile lines Plant Outcrossing extent OutXExt Outcrossing extent whitebacked planthopper injury scale field Calculate as length times the width of the leaf below the flag leaf, multiplied by a constant (0.725) Calculation - Flag leaf -1 area Extractives content Stem Stem extractives content Total stem extractives content in the stem StEXT day Dry weight FL1Dw Dry weight of leaf below the flag leaf Flag leaf-1 Flag leaf-1 dry weight Total porosity ratio Grassy stunt 2 disease estimation Estimate the stunting, tillering, spots and discoloration Culm CulmSP Culm specific porosity Ratio of aerenchyma area to cortex area Specific porosity mm panicle exsertion male sterile scale Image analysis - Pith area View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the hollow region of the culm mm Panicle branch arrangement scale Use an augmented experimental design, with a susceptible and resistant check (if available) after every 10 test entries. Replicate test entries three times if seed is available. Observe the proportion of plants with injured and folded leaves. The susceptible check should average at least 40% to accept the test as a measure of resistance Leaf folder injury assessment field Average - Flag leaf-1 length Measure length of representative leaves below the flag leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade. Take the average length % brown spot damage scale Total number of fully expanded leaves produced per plant from germination to flowering Leaf Number per plant Lf Leaf total number Take the difference between the stem diameter and culm diameter and divide this by 2 Calculation - Leaf sheath thickness Calculate from the number of spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 (= SPM2/PANM2) Calculation - Spikelets per panicle pericarp colour IRRI scale leaf folder injury scale field mm Predict lignin content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Lignin content count rat damage incidence scale Tillers per plant Scan roots from soil depths of 0-45 cm using CI-600 scanner system associated with the WinRhizo software and calculate root surface area based on image analysis. WinRHIZO uses a non-statistical method for measuring root morphology. It calculates total root length from a one pixel thinned image by multiplying the number of pixels by pixel size, and calculates average diameter by dividing the projected area of the imaged object by the total length. Surface area is calculated from root diameter and length assuming the root has a round cross-section. Image analysis - Root surface area using WinRhizo in SITIS platform Weighing - filled grain weight Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh. Grain elongation ratio Measure the ratio of the length of cooked to uncooked polished (white) rice grains g HFSpPan Half-filled spikelets per panicle Half-filled spikelet Number per panicle Number of spikelets with an half-filled grain per panicle millimeter panicle length scale AYLD_CONT method Record the actual grain yield grain harvested on a plot. millimeter percent drought scale spikelet sterility percent Narrow brown leaf spot estimation Estimate the % leaf area diseased mg g-1 dry matter mg g-1 dry matter male sterility scale Examine the shape of sterile lemmas Sterile lemma shape millibars Awn presence on wild species Wild species: while the spikelets are maturing, observe the presence of awns % of plants that lodged phosphorus deficiency tillering field scale grams per square meter Time of 50% heading scale submergence relative survival scale Analytical measurement - Ash content Predict ash content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. method_of vegetative vigor scale gram Panicles per plant Spikelets per panicle Predict sucrose content using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Analytical measurement - Sucrose content variable_of